Clinton Township (part 10 of 18)

Sec. 11. The Governor, Auditor, and Secretary of State, or any two of them, shall, at least six months prior to the October election, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and at each decennial period thereafter, ascertain and determine the ratio of representation, according to the decennial census, the number of Representatives and Senators each county or district shall be entitled to elect, and for what years within the next ensuing ten years ; and the Governor shall cause the same to be published in such manner as shall be directed by law.

Judicial Apportionment

The county of Hamilton shall constitute the first district, which shall not be subdivided ; and the judges therein may hold separate courts or separate sittings of the same court at the same time.

The counties of Butler, Preble and Darke shall constitute the first subdivision ; Montgomery, Miami and Champaign, the second ; and Warren, Clinton, Greene and Clark, the third subdivision of the second district; and, together, shall form such district.

The counties of Shelby, Auglaize, Alien, Hardin, Logan, Union and Marion, shall constitute the first subdivision; Mercer, Van Wert, Putnam, Paulding, Defiance, Williams, Henry and Fulton, the second ; and Wood, Seneca, Hancock, Wyandot and Crawford, the third subdivision of the third district; and, together, shall form such district.

The counties of Lucas, Ottawa, Sandusky, Erie and Huron, shall constitute the first subdivision ; Lorain, Medina and Summit, the second ; and the county of Cuyahoga, the third subdivision of the fourth district ; and, together, shall form such district.

The counties of Clermont, Brown and Adams, shall constitute the first subdivision ; Highland, Ross and Fayette, the second ; and Pickaway, Franklin and Madison, the third subdivision of the fifth district ; and, together, shall form such district.

The counties of Licking, Knox and Delaware, shall constitute the first subdivision; Morrow, Richland and Ashland, the second; and Wayne, Holmes and Coshocton, the third subdivision of the sixth district ; and, together, shall form such district.

The counties of Fairfield, Perry and Hocking, shall constitute the first 8ubd : vision ; Jackson, Vinton, Pike, Scioto and Lawrence, the second ; and Gallia, Meigs, Athens and Washington, the third subdivision of the seventh district ; and, together, shall form such district.

The counties of Muskingum and Morgan, shall constitute the first subdivision ; Guernsey, Belmont and Monroe, the second ; and Jefferson, Harrison and Tuscarawas, the third subdivision of the eighth district ; and, together, shall form such district.

The counties of Stark, Carroll and Columbiana, shall constitute the first subdivision; Trumbull, Portage and Mahoning, the second; and Geauga, Lake and Ashtabula, the third subdivision of the ninth district ; and, together, shall form such district.

Sec. 13. The General Assembly shall attach any new counties that may hereafter be erected, to such districts, or subdivisions thereof, as shall be most convenient.

Section 1. The levying of taxes by the poll is grievous and oppressive; therefore, the General Assembly shall never levy a poll tax for county or State purposes.

Sec. 2. Laws shall be passed, taxing, by a uniform rule, all moneys, credits, investments in bonds, stocks, joint stock companies, or otherwise ; and also all real and personal property, according to its true value in money ; but burying grounds, public school houses, houses used exclusively for public worship, institutions of purely public charity, public property used exclusively for any public purpose, and personal property, to an amount not exceeding in value two hundred dollars for each individual, may, by general laws, be exempted from taxation , but all such laws shall be subject to alteration or repeal ; and the value of all property so exempted shall, from time to time, be ascertained and published, as may be directed by law.

Sec. 3. The General Assembly shall provide by law for taxing the notes and bills discounted or purchased, moneys loaned, and all other property, effects or dues of every description (without deduction), of all banks now existing, or hereafter created, and of all bankers, so that all property employed in banking shall always bear a burden of taxation equal to that imposed on the property of individuals.

Sec. 4. The General Assembly shall provide for raising revenue, sufficient to defray the expenses of the State fof each year, and also a sufficient sum to pay the interest on the State debt.

Sec. 5. No tax shall be levied, except in pursuance of law; and every law imposing a tax shall state distinctly the object of the same, to which only it shall be applied.

Sec. 3. Dues from corporations shall be secured by such individual liability of the stockholders, and other means, as may be prescribed by law ; but, in all cases, each stockholder shall be liable, over and above the stock by him or her owned, and any amount unpaid thereon, to a further sum, at least equal in amount to such stock.

Sec. 4. The property of corporations, now existing or hereafter created, shall forever be subject to taxation, the same as the property of individuals.

Sec. 5. No right of way shall be appropriated to the use of any corporation, until full compensation therefor be first made in money, or first secured by a deposit of money, to the owner, irrespective of any benefit from any improvement proposed by such corporation : which compensation shall be ascertained by a jury of twelve men, in a court of record, as shall be prescribed by law.

Sec. 6. The General Assembly shall provide for the organization of cities and incorporated villages by general laws ; and restrict their power of taxation, assessment, borrowing money, contracting debts and loaning their credit, so as to prevent the abuse of such power.

Sec. 7. No act of the General Assembly, authorizing associations with banking powers, shall take effect until it shall be submitted to the people at the general election next succeeding the passage thereof, and be approved by a majority of ail the electors voting at such election.

Section 1. The Qeneral Assembly, at its first session after the adoption of this Constitution, shall provide for the appointment of three commissioners, and prescribe their tenure of office, compensation, and the mode of filling vacancies in said commission.

Sec. 2. The said commissioners shall revise, reform, simplify and abridge the practice, pleadings, forms and proceedings of the courts of record of this State ; and, as far as practicable and expedient, shall provide for the abolition of the distinct forms of action at law, now in use, and for the administration of justice by a uniform mode of proceeding, without reference to any distinction between law and equity.

Sec. 3. The proceedings of the commissioners shall, from time to time, be reported to the General Assembly, and be subject to the action of that body.

Sec. 2. The printing of the laws, journals, bills, legislative documents and papers for each branch of the General Assembly, with the printing required for the executive and other departments of State, shall be let, on contract, to the lowest responsible bidder, by such executive officers, and in such manner as shall be prescribed by law.

Sec. 3. An accurate and detailed statement of the receipts and expenditures of the public money, the several amounts paid, to whom, and on what account, shall, from time to time, be published, as shall be prescribed by law.

Sec. 5. No person who shall hereafter fight a duel, assist in the same as second, or send, accept, or knowingly carry a challenge therefor, shall hold any office in this State.

Sec. T. Every person chosen or appointed to any office under this State, before entering upon the discharge of its duties, shall take an oath or affirmation to support the Constitution of the United States, and of this State, and also an oath of office.

Sec. 8. There may be established in the Secretary of State's office, a bureau of statistics, under such regulations as may be prescribed by law.

Section 1. Either branch of the General Assembly may propose amendments to this Constitution ; and, if the same shall be agreed to by threefifths of the members elected to each House, such proposed amendments shall be entered on the journals, with the yeas and nays, and shall be published in at least one newspaper in each county of the State, where a newspaper is published, for six months preceding the next election for Senators and Representatives, at which time the same shall be submitted to the electors for their approval or rejection ; and if a majority of the electors voting at such election shall adopt such amendments, the same shall become a part of the Constitution. When more than one amendment shall be submitted at the same time, they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately.

Sec. 2. Whenever two-thirds of the members elected to each branch of the General Assembly shall think it necessary to call a convention to revise, amend or change this Constitution, they shall recommend to the electors to vote, at the next election for members of the General Assembly, for or against a convention ; and if a majority of all the electors voting at said election shall have voted for a convention, the General Assembly shall, at their next session, provide by law for calling the same. The convention shall consist of as many members as the House of Representatives, who shall be chosen in the same manner, and shall meet within three months after their election, for the purpose aforesaid.

Sec. 3. At the general election, to be held in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, and in each twentieth year thereafter, the question, " Shall there be a Convention to revise, alter or amend the

Constitution ?" shall be submitted to the electors of the State ; and, in case a majority of all the electors, voting at such election, shall decide in favor of a convention, the General Assembly, at its next session, shall provide, by law, for the election of delegates, and the assembling of such convention, as is provided in the preceding section ; but no amendment of this Constitution, agreed upon by any convention assembled in pursuance of this article, shall take effect until the same shall have been submitted* to the electors of the State, and adopted by a majority of those voting thereon.

Schedule

Section 1. All laws of this State, in force on the first day of September, one thonsand eight hundred and fifty-one, not inconsistent with this Constitution, shall continue in force nntil amended or repealed.

Sec. 2. The first election for members of the General Assembly, under this Constitution, shall be held on the second Tuesday of October, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.

Sec. 3. The first election for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Auditor, Treasurer, and Secretary of State and Attorney General, shall be held on the second Tuesday of October, one thousand eight hundred and fiftyone. The persons holding said offices, on the first day of September, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, shall continue therein until the second Monday of January, one thousand eight hundred and fiftytwc.

Sec. 4. The first election for judges of the supreme court, courts of common pleas and probate courts, and clerks of the courts of common pleas, shall be held on the second Tuesday of October, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one ; and the official term of said judges and clerks, so elected, shall commence on the second Monday of February, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two. Judges and clerks of the courts of common pleas and supreme court, in office on the first day of September, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, shall continue in office, with their present powers and duties, until the second Monday of February, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two. No suit or proceeding, pending in any of the courts of the State, shall be affected by the adoption of this Constitution.

Sec. 5. The Register and Receiver of the Land Office, Directors of the Penitentiary, Directors of the Benevolent Institutions of the State, the State Librarian, and all other officers, not otherwise provided for in this Constitution, in office on the first day of September, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, shall continue in office until their terms expire, respectively, unless the General Assembly shall otherwise provide.

Sec. 6. The superior and commercial courts of Cincinnati, and the superior court of Cleveland, shall remain until otherwise provided by law, with their present powers and jurisdiction ; and the judges and clerks of said courts, in office on the first day of September, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, shall continue in office until the expiration of their terms of office, respectively, or until otherwise provided by law ; but neither of said courts shall continue after the second Monday of February, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three ; and no suit shall be commenced in said two first-mentioned courts, after the second Monday of February, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, nor in said last-mentioned court, after the second Monday in August, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two ; and all business in either of said courts, not disposed of within the time limited for their continuance, as aforesaid, shall be transferred to the court of common pleas.

Sec. 7. All county and township officers, and justioes of the peace, in office on the first day of September, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, shall continue in office until their terms expire, respectively.

Sec. 8. Vacancies in office, occurring after the first day of September, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, shall be filled, as is now prescribed by law, and until officers are elected or appointed, and qualified, under this Constitution.

Sec. 11. Suita pending in the supreme court in banc, shall be transferred to the supreme court, provided for in this Constitution, and be proceeded in according to law.

Sec. 12. The district courts shall, in their respective counties, be the successors of the present supreme court ; and all suits, prosecutions, judgments, records and proceedings, pending and remaining in said supreme court, in the several counties of any district, shall be transferred to the respective district courts of such counties, and be proceeded in as though no change had been made in said supreme court.

Sec. 13. The said courts of common pleas, shall be the successors of the present courts of common pleas in the several counties, except as to probate jurisdiction; and all suits, prosecutions, proceedings, records and judgments, pending or being in said last mentioned courts, except as aforesaid, shall be transferred to the courts of common pleas, created by this Constitution, and proceeded in as though the same had been therein instituted.

Sec. 14. The probate courts provided for in this Constitution, as to all matters within the jurisdiction conferred upon said courts, shall be the successors, in the several counties, of the present courts of common pleas; and the records, files and papers, business and proceedings, appertaining to said jurisdiction, shall be transferred to said courts of probate, and be there proceeded in, according to law.

Sec. 15. Until otherwise provided by law, elections for judges and clerks shall be held, and the poll books returned, as is provided for Governor; and the abstract therefrom, certified to the Secretary of State, shall be by him opened, in the presence of the Governor, who shall declare the result, and issue commissions to the persons elected.

Sec. 16. Where two or more counties are joined in a senatorial, representative or judicial district, thq returns of elections shall be sent to the county having the largest population.

Sec. 17. The foregoing Constitution shall be submitted to the electors of the State, at an election to be held on the third Tuesday of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, in the several election districts of tins State. The ballots at such election shall be written or printed as follows: Those in favor of the Constitution, " New Constitution, Yes;" those against the Constitution, "New Constitution, No." The polls at said election shall be opened between the hours of eight and ten o'clock, a. m., and closed at six o'clock, p. m. ; and the said election shall be conducted, and the returns thereof made and certified to the Secretary of State, as provided by law for annual elections of State and county officers. Within twenty days after such election, the Secretary of State shall open the returns thereof, in the presence of the Governor; and, if it shall appear that a majority of all the votes cast at such election are In favor of the Constitution, the Governor shall issue his proclamation, stating that fact, and said Constitution shall be the Constitution of the State of Ohio, and not otherwise.

Sec. 18. At the time when the votes of the electors shall be taken for the adoption or rejection of this Constitution, the additional section, in the words following, to wit: " No license to traffic in intoxicating liquors shall hereafter be granted- in this State, but the General Assembly may, by law, provide against evils resulting therefrom," shall be separately submitted to the electors for adoption or rejection, in form following, to wit: A separate ballot may be given by every elector, and deposited in a separate box. Upon the ballots given for said separate amendment, shall be written or printed, or partly written and partly printed, the words, "License to sell intoxicating liquors, Yes;" and upon the ballots given against said amendment, in like manner, the words, " License to sell intoxicating liquors, No." If, at the said election, a majority of all the votes given for and against said amendment, shall contain the words, " License to sell intoxicating liquors, No," then the said amendment shall be a separate section of article fifteen of the Constitution.

Sec. 19. The apportionment for the House of Representatives, during the first decennial period under this Constitution, shall be as follows: -

The counties of Adams, Allen, Athens, Auglaize, Carroll, Champaign, Clark, Clinton, Crawford, Darke, Delaware, Erie, Fayette, Gallia, Geauga, Greene, Hancock, Harrison, Hocking, Holmes, Lake, Lawrence, Logan, Madison, Marion, Meigs, Morrow, Perry, Pickaway, Pike, Preble, Sandusky, Scioto, Shelby and Union, shall, severally, be entitled to one Representative in each session of the decennial period.

The counties of Franklin, Licking, Montgomery and Stark, shall each be entitled to two Representatives in each session of the decennial period.

The counties of Ashland, Coshocton, Highland, Huron, Lorain, Mahoning, Medina, Miami, Portage, Seneca, Summit and Warren, shall, severally, be entitled to one Representative in eaeh session, and one additional Representative in the fifth session of the decennial period.

The counties of Ashtabula, Brown, Butler, Clermont, Fairfield, Guernsey, Jefferson, Knox, Monroe, Morgan, Richland, Trumbull, Tuscarawas and Washington, shall, severally, be entitled to one Representative in each session, and two additional Representatives, one in the third, and one in the fourth session of the decennial period.

The counties of Belmont, Columbiana, Ross and Wayne, shall, severally, be entitled to one Representative in each session, and three additional Representatives,, one in the first, one in the second, and one in the third session of the decennial period.

The county of Muskingum shall be entitled to two Representatives in each session, and one additional Representative in the fifth session of the decennial period.

The county of Cuyahoga shall be entitled to two Representatives in each session, and two additional Representatives, one in the third, and one in the fourth session of the decennial period.

The county of Hamilton shall be entitled to seven Representatives in each session, and four additional Representatives, one in the first, one in the second, one in the third, and one in the fourth session of tJie decennial period.

The following counties, until they shall have acquired a sufficient population to entitle them to elect, separately, under the fourth section of the eleventh article, shall form districts in manner following, to wit: The counties of Jackson and Yinton, one district; the counties of Lucas and Fulton, one district; the counties of Wyandot and Hardin, one district; the counties of Mercer and Van Wert, one district; the counties of Paulding, Defiance and Williams, one district ; the counties of Putnam and Henry, one district ; and the counties of Wood and Ottawa, one district; each of which districts shall be entitled to one Representative in every session of the decennial period.

Local Incidents Of The War Of 1812

During the war of 1812 the old posts or forts which stood as monuments of the march of General Wayne, were to some extent called into prominence and kept in existence until 1817, when the treaty at the foot of the Rapids obviated their further use. These posts were Recovery, Loramie, St. Marys or Barbee, and Adams. In September, 1812, General Harrison had his headquarters at St. Marys for a short time, this being one point for the rendezvous of troops in anticipation of the contemplated advance against Detroit and Malden. At this juncture the base line of his operations was one drawn from Upper Sandusky along "the southerly side of the swampy district of St. Marys." About two thousand two hundred troops collected at St. Marys, and at this place Col. Richard M. Johnson, of gallant bearing and famous memory, joined General Harrison with three hundred mounted Kentuckians.

Colonel Adams with seven hundred mounted men had advanced as far as Shane's Crossing of the St. Marys, making a forced march to the relief of Ft. Wayne.

Colonel Allen's regiment with one company from the regiment of Col. Scott and two from that of Col. Lewis had been detached by the General from Piqua on the same mission as that of Col. Adams.

On September 6th, the whole force moved forward from Piqua, and early on the 8th overtook the command of Col. Allen on the St. Marys River, where the Colonel had been ordered by express from the General to halt and construct blockhouses for the protection of the sick and as a storehouse for provisions. This was Girty's Town, since called St. Marys, located on the river of the same name, in Auglaize County. Major R. M. Johnson arrived here with his corps of mounted men on the evening of the same day. These volunteers consisted of the companies of Captains Arnold, Johnson, and Ward. The whole force then centred at this point mustered about twenty-two hundred. Late the next day (September 9th) the whole force reached Shane's Crossing and joined Colonel Adams's regiment of Ohio volunteers.

Pending operations in this quarter Col. Jennings was detached to erect a fort at a point intermediate between St. Marys and Defiance. This fort was built upon the Auglaize River, and named Fort Jennings.

After an absence at Ft. Wayne, General Harrison returned to St. Marys on the 20th of September, and the next day wrote as follows to General Winchester: -

Colonel Jennings's regiment is now here. I shall immediately set it to open the road to Fort Defiance, and will direct the contractor and commissary to push on their provisions. The Secretary of War, in a letter received from him, since I saw you, urges me to join you (supposing that I was then in Kentucky), with a reinforcement of the troops subject to my orders. As I have declined the appointment tendered me of brigadier, I cannot comply with his request, as the commission which I have is of higher grade than yours. 1 must, therefore, carry the wishes of the President into effect, so far as to place at your disposal the regiments of Barbee and Jennings, and the quota of this State which I have heretofore required of Governor Meigs. The officers commanding these corps will be directed to report to you and receive your orders. I shall retain the separate command of the mounted men and Pogue's regiment, and will communicate to you by express the particular object at which I shall aim. Be so obliging as to send orders to Colonels Barbee and Jennings. The former is at Piqua, and the latter I shall place on the road to Defiance, as I have above intimated.

It has become necessary to open a road from this place to Fort Defiance by the way of Tawatown, and to build a block-house in the intermediate, as nearly central as a good situation can be had. You will, with your regiment, proceed to this duty immediately. Some of the friendly Indians will be employed as guides, and Mr. Wm. Conner will attend you and act as interpreter. A number of wagons and pack-horses will set out from this place to-morrow morning ; it will be proper to send two companies to escort them, with directions to open the road only wide enough to allow the wagons to pass, and direct them to proceed with the utmost expedition.

It will also be proper that the pack-horses should be detached ahead as soon as they arrive within twenty-five or thirty miles of Defiance, under an escort of thirty men ; the remaining part of the regiment will follow the wagons, and open the road, so as to have all the small timber removed at least to the distance of thirty feet; upon your arrival at the spot upon which you may think proper to erect the block-house, you will immediately clear a place and proceed to build it It should be of the largest size of such buildings - not less than 25 feet in the bottom story. You will be reinforced or relieved by Colonel Pogue or Colonel Barbee's regiments, if there should be occasion for it before the work is completed.

Capt. Collins, who commanded a company of riflemen from Butler County, opened a wagon way along the old army trace from Loramie to St. Marys. This company was stationed here during the winter of 1813. The Captain gives an amusing and characteristic account of the election of Richard M. Johnson, as colonel of his regiment. He says: "The troops were drawn up on parade in a solid column. There was a gentleman of good appearance in front, facing the column, engaged in delivering a speech to the soldiers." After Capt. Collins had taken a position where he could see and hear, he recognized in the orator, Richard M. Johnson, a lawyer, whom he had formerly seen in Kentucky, and who be understood was a member of Congress from that State. The regiment was about to elect a colonel, and he was a candidate for that office. In the course of his remarks he observed, if they should elect him as their commander, he would in all times of danger, take a position where he would be most likely to receive the first fire of the enemy. He literally and most gallantly afterwards redeemed this pledge at the battle of the Thames. He was elected. It was while at St. Marys that General Harrison received his commission as a Major-General in the regular army of the United States; having before that term been acting under a commission from Gov. Scott, of Kentucky, of all his forces in the field. This company of Capt. Collins did good service in opening roads and making water-craft to transport supplies down the St. Marys River. While here Col. Johnson was ordered to destroy an Indian town on the north side of the wet prairie - now the Reservoir. This was what has since been called " Old Town," and belonged to the Shawnees, but was totally destroyed and never reoccupied.

From St. Marys, Gen. Harrison, with the main body of his forces, moved over to the Auglaize, down to Fort Jennings, and afterwards to Defiance.

On Sept. 30, 1813, the companies of Captains Roper, Clarke, and Bacon were ordered to elect a major and form a battalion, which should unite and form a regiment with the company of Johnson, and elect a colonel. Roper was elected major, and Johnson colonel, while Captain Arnold succeeded Johnson as major, and Lieutenant Ellison succeeded Arnold as captain. This regiment, now in command of Col. Richard M. Johnson, with the Ohio regiment of Col. Findley, formed a brigade which was placed in command of Brigadier-General Tupper, of Ohio. This brigade was to advance up the St. Josephs, toward Detroit; but about noon of the day on which the organization was effected, an express from Gen. Winchester brought intelligence of his encounter with Indians, and that near Detroit he found British troops, with artillery, acting in concert with the Indians. A few minutes later an express arrived from Gov. Meigs, with a letter from Gen. Kelso, who was in command of a detachment of Pennsylvania troops on Lake Erie. This letter stated that on Sept. 18, 2000 Indians, with some regulars and militia, and two pieces of artillery, left Malden, to attack Ft. Wayne. On receipt of these despatches, orders were issued for a forced march, and three days' provisions; large quantities of ammunition and other necessaries were issued, so that, in three hours, the whole force at St. Marys was in motion to join Winchester, who was believed to have met the allied forces of Upper Canada. On October 1st a heavy rain fell, rendering the road heavy, and almost impassable. The horsemen held the flanks until the infantry halted for dinner, when the cavalry pushed to the front, and the same evening passed the camp of Col. Jennings. The rain continued all night, the weather was unseasonably cold, and the lack of tents rendered the position of the troops very uncomfortable. The footmen were halted at Ft. Jennings; but Gen. Harrison, on Oct. 2, met another express from General Winchester, with intelligence of the retreat of the enemy. On receipt of this message, the General ordered Col. Barbee to return with his regiment to St. Marys, and Col. Pogue to cut a road from Ft. Jennings to Defiance. This disappointment of the troops to meet the enemy, caused dissatisfaction; and even the General was displeased to find the first despatches of an exaggerated character. He, however, pushed on, and reached Winchester's camp the same evening. The troops came up the next morning, and advanced to the mouth of the Auglaize, where they went into camp. At Winchester's camp scarcity of supplies had produced suffering and discontent. To allay this, both Harrison and Hardin addressed the soldiers in very affecting terms. The former assured them that ample supplies lay at St. Marys, that a road was opening to that point, and that in the evening he expected a large quantity of provisions; and, in conclusion, he said: "If you, fellow-soldiers from Kentucky, so famed for patriotism, refuse to bear the hardships incident to war, and to defend the rights of your insulted country, where shall I look for men to go with me ?" of the old one. A fatigue party of 250 men was placed in command of Major Joseph Robb, who was detailed to cut timber for the new buildings. General Winchester now moved from the Miami, and encamped about a mile above the mouth of the Auglaize. General Harrison and Col. Johnson, with his original regiment, returned to St. Marys, where the companies of Johnson, Ward, and Ellison were honorably discharged on Oct. 1.

Col. Pogue's regiment had orders, after cutting the way to Defiance, to return to the Ottawa towns on the Auglaize, twelve miles from St. Marys, and there erect a fort. On Oct. 4, General Harrison ordered General Tupper to proceed with his mounted men the next morning down the Miami to the Rapids, or farther, if necessary, to disperse any bands of the enemy who were reported to be rioting on the corn of the settlers, who had fled to other settlements for safety. He was then to return by Defiance to St. Marys.

Accordingly, eight days' rations were issued, but Tupper feigned the need of more ammunition than he had received, and this General Winchester could not supply. In the morning the order was unheeded, and at noon a party of Indians appeared on the opposite bank of the river, and fired upon three men, one of whom they killed, and then fled. They were pursued by several different bands of the troops, one of which, with Capt. Young, overtook them, but finding them about fifty strong, fired upon them, and retreated to the camp. In the morning, Logan, with six other Indians, was sent out to reconnoitre, and Col. Simrall organized a strong party to renew the pursuit; but at this time Winchester ordered Tupper to commence his expedition toward the Rapids, by a pursuit of these Indians. Again the General was not ready, as he was awaiting the return of the spies sent out in the morning to ascertain the trail of the enemy. These spies returned in the evening, and reported the Indians fifty in number, ten miles down the river. Again Tupper was urged to move; but again he was unwilling, and asserted his desire to go by the Ottawa towns instead of by Defiance. The same day the terms of about three hundred mounted riflemen expired, and disgusted with the conduct of the General, they refused to remain in the service. Discontent now manifested itself, as the Kentuckians did not wish to move with Tupper, unless accompanied by some of Winchester's field officers.

Col. Allen Trimble then tendered his services, and was accepted; but the General proceeded by way of the Auglaize to the Ottawa towns, as he had desired. Here he professed to expect reinforcements. His troops were now disheartened, and all but two hundred refused to move in the direction of the Rapids, and the command therefore retired to Urbana, where those troops who were obedient were honorably discharged. Tupper was ordered to be arrested by Harrison on charges preferred by Winchester, but when the officer went to make the arrest, he found Tupper had gone on an expedition of his own towards the Rapids; and as there was no officer in his brigade capable of succeeding him in command, it was deemed prudent to stay the proceedings for a time. Tupper afterward demanded a court of inquiry at Fort Meigs, but as no competent witnesses were present, he had to be acquitted.

As Harrison was returning from Defiance to St. Marys, he was informed by a Fort Wayne express that Indians were collecting at that place. On his arrival at St. Marys, he found a corps of five hundred mounted volunteers who had come to join the expedition to Detroit. They were in command of Col. Allen Trimble, and were ordered to Fort Wayne, with instructions to proceed from that post against the White Pigeon villages about sixty miles distant, on the St. Josephs. On his arrival at the fort, about half his men refused to go farther ; but with part of his force he proceeded, and destroyed two villages. The Indians who were sent from Fort Wayne to bring in the Miami chiefs from the Mississinewa to council, were now at St. Marys, with a number of those chiefs.

' They were ready to deny their hostility ; but finding the General too well informed to be deceived, they begged the mercy of the government, and left five of their number, selected by General Harrison, to be held as hostages at Piqua, until the action of the President could be learned. The troops of Winchester were now employed several weeks in completing the new fort, which they had named for the commander, and in making canoes along the Miami. The regiment of Col. Barbee completed the fort at St. Marys, and named it Fort Barbee. Col. Pogue, with his regiment, built the fort at the Ottawa towns, on the Auglaize, twelve miles from St. Marys, and named it Fort Amanda, in honor of his wife. The regiment of Col. Jennings completed the fort, which the troops named for the Colonel. These regiments were at the same time employed in constructing boats and canoes, and in escorting provision trains between the posts. These were some of the exertions and movements made in our territory in preparation for the main expedition contemplated against Malden.

Fort Amanda was situated near the west bank of the Auglaize River, with about an acre of land. The pickets were from ten to twelve feet high, and sunk two or three feet in the ground. There were four block-houses, one at each corner; the second story projected over the pickets three or four feet, and was pierced with portholes, from which the soldiers could defend the fort in case of attack. The first story was occupied by soldiers and company officers as sleeping rooms. The block-house in the ' southeast corner was the largest, and used mainly as officers' quarters.

There was also a large cabin in the centre of the fort, which was used as a storehouse for supplies for the army, as the soldiers wintered all one winter, if not two, at this point. Again, the old fort was used as one of the first post-offices in Allen County, as well as the first place of preaching.

Fort Amanda served as an intermediate storehouse and point of concentration between St. Marys, IJrbana, and Upper Sandusky on the one side, and Forts Wayne and Defiance on the other. Here a cemetery was established for the interment of the Nation's dead during the occupation of the fort. This cemetery was continued in use by the whites after the settlement, and is still a monument to that army. As conflicting reports are still current as to the number of soldiers here interred, an effort has been made to obtain information through all channels yielding a promise of data.

In this direction an application was made to the War Department through the courtesy of Hon. James A. Garfield - of revered memory and undying fame - with the result portrayed in the subjoined letter : -

Sir : I have the honor to return herewith the letter of your correspondent, Mr. Sutton, referred to this office by your indorsement of the 19th instant, and to inform you that there is no record in this office of " Fort Amanda, Ohio," or its garrison.

The records of the "War of 1812" do not show the place of burial in any case, and nothing relating to the subject of Mr. Sutton's inquiry can be found in the records of this office, which for 1813 and 1814 are incomplete, having been partially destroyed by the British forces in 1814.

As already intimated, St. Marys became a source of supplies, but in November the roads became so heavy that it was impossible to remove provisions. About the 1st of December Major Bodley, quartermaster of the Kentucky troops, made an effort to transport two hundred barrels of flour down the St. Marys River to the left wing of the army below Defiance. About twenty pirogues and canoes were laden and placed under command of Captain Jordon and Lieutenant Cardwell, with about twenty men. About a week later they reached Shane's crossing, having moved about one hundred miles by water, while the distance by land would scarcely exceed twenty miles. Here the freeze of one night blocked the river, and left them ice-bound. Lieutenant Cardwell returned over ice and swamp to Fort Barbee to report the situation. Major Bodley returned with him to the provisions and offered extra reward to any who would cut the ice and push forward. This was tried but soon proved impracticable, as two days' labor only advanced the boats about a mile.

The project was now abandoned, and the boats left under guard. About the middle of the month a thaw occurred which enabled the detachment to reach near Fort Wayne, when they were again frozen in.

The voyage was then abandoned, sleds constructed, and the provisions transported to the fort by land. In the mean time much suffering had been occasioned to the army of General Winchester, as they were without flour from the 10th to the 22d.

Thus, until the concentration of the troops in the north a base line of supplies extended from St. Marys by the Auglaize to the Rapids, while the former place, protected by Fort Barbee, continued an important storehouse during all the preliminary preparations for the march against Malden and Detroit. The last commander of Fort Barbee was Captain John Whistler, who had been a soldier from his youth, came to America with Burgoyne's army, and was taken prisoner at Saratoga. Remaining in the United States after the war, he entered the Western army under St. Clair and survived the defeat of November, 1791, at which time he acted as sergeant. In 1793 an order came from the War Office offering the commission of ensign to any non-commissioned officer who would muster twenty-five recruits. In this way Captain Whistler obtained his first commission, and then rose to a captaincy, commanding, in succession, Forts Barbee (St. Marys), Wayne (Ft. Wayne), and Dearborn (Chicago).

Nothing transpired of moment within our local limits after the peace treaty with Great Britain in 1815 until the Indian treaty entered into at St. Marys in 1818. Generals Cass and McArthur acted as commissioners on the part of the United States on this occasion. The nego tiations commenced September 17, and concluded October 6, 1818. The treaty ground extended from old Fort Barbee west, on the north side of the west branch of the St. Marys River up as far as the cemetery site of to-day. A large force of Indians attended this conference. Such famous chiefs as Tecumseh, Black-Hoof, Logan, Blue Jacket, and Captain Johnny belonged to the tribes represented.

In this treaty all Indian grants are called reservations. Thus the Shawnees had their reservation about Wapakoneta, while the Ottawas held grants farther down the Auglaize River. These tribes inherited strong prepossessions for lands on the St. Marys River, partly on account of the excellent quality of the land, but chiefly on account of its location between the chief Indian town on the Maumee, now Ft. Wayne, and the different settlements of whites. They always selected the forest lands, with reference to springs, water-courses, and fertility of soil. The treaty of 1818 extinguished the Indian title to all lands within the limits of Ohio, except a number of small tracts which were expressly reserved.

The Governors of Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan, with many leading citizens from these States and Kentucky, were present. Among the Indians was Kalositah, who was over six feet high, and weighed about two hundred pounds. He was further described by the Judge "as the most perfect specimen of physical manhood" he had "ever looked upon," and was confident he could out-jump or throw down any man in the Northwest. Pending the negotiations a grand hopping match occurred, and Kalositah distanced all competitors by clearing fifty feet at two hops and a jump. A match was then arranged with Tom Wilson, a noted wrestler, and the Indian. Kalositah offered to bet the Judge he could throw Wilson, and the Judge finally staked a silk necktie against a wrought silk belt worn by the Indian. The contestants took holds, and Kalositah allowed his antagonist to exert his utmost before himself taking the aggressive. Wilson employed every art and energy, but all in vain ; the Indian appeared planted and could not be moved. At length Kalositah said, "Now me," and lifting Wilson, laid him upon the ground as he would a child. A second trial ended with the same resalt, and Wilson gave up the contest. Kalositah, thinking perhaps the contest was too easy, magnanimously returned the necktie to the Judge. Again, a stalwart negro from Kentucky was pitted against the Indian. This negro was believed able to throw almost any man he might meet. On this occasion the contest was sharp but decisive, for the "Now me" of the Indian was sooner heard, and was the same signal of his success. Stung to the quick, the negro arose in a passion, only to be again hurled to the ground. On rising the third time, he threatened to whip the Indian, but fighting was not allowed. It will not be considered amiss to relate another incident of the brave, although it occurred at West

Liberty. In 1832 he wrestled with John Norris, a saddler of that town. The Indian probably came on a challenge from Norris, who appears to have possessed considerable conceit. If so, the latter made a grave mistake, for he is said to have been "no more a match for Kalositah than a poodle for a mastiff" The contest was scarcely worth the name, being brief and decisive. With his irresistible "grape-vine twist," Kalositah snapped a leg of his antagonist as if it had been a pipe-stem. The friends of Norris interposed, crying, " You have broken his leg, Kaiositah; you have broken bis leg." The imperturbable Indian only replied, " Leg must be rotten," and left Norris to be borne from the field.

The old Fort Barbee stood a little north of the old gravel pit, and in the southeast corner of the Lutheran Cemetery. One of the gate-posts was to be seen until late years. There was a block-house near. Old " Charley Murray," of whom we shall speak hereafter, had his cabin where the gravel pits are now. The boarding-house tents for the accommodation of the commissioners, their secretaries, agents, and officers, were put up along where the little brick house stands, south of Main Street. This boarding-house was built and kept by the Edsalls, who afterward removed to Shane's Prairie, and then to Fort Wayne. The Indians were encamped by tribes. The timber had all been cut off by the Indians who constituted Girty's Town. Afterwards it was cleared off during the occupation of the army of Harrison in the winter of 1812-13. This leads me to speak of those who were present. The Edsalls had lived at Fort Greenville, where they had kept boarding-house. Having knowledge of the approaching treaty, they came up from Greenville together with John Armstrong, afterwards Judge Armstrong. He came June, 1818, about a month before the negotiations commenced. He built his cabin near the sand-bank of Squire Dowty's, and cleared a patch a little farther up the creek. These were the first white settlers in this part of the county except old Charley Murray, who was at the time of the treaty in jail in Troy, 0., awaiting his trial for the murder of Thracker. Two sisters of Thracker lived in the old block-house. Murray had some grudge against him and waylaid him between the two crossings of Loramie, at a deep hollow, ever since known as Thracker's Run, and caused a hired man of his, one Meyers, to shoot him. Murray was afterwards tried at Troy, but was acquitted upon the plea that Meyers was simple minded and fired without his orders. He used to say, however, that " nothing went right with him afterwards." Murray, with William A. Houston, in 1820 entered a large amount of land here, and soon afterwards laid out the town plat of St. Marys.

When Murray came, is not now very certain. It has been stated that Girty, being afraid to stay so near the white settlements, sold out his interests and stock in trade to Murray in 1795, and went down to the Maumee.

Judge Burnet, in his Notes, p. 70, says, "that the judges and lawyers who attended the General Court at Detroit, under the Territorial Government, took the route by Dayton, Piqua, Loramie's, St. Marys, and the Ottawa town on the Auglaize, and from thence down that river to Defiance; thence to the foot of the Rapids, and thence down the river Raisin to Detroit. But once they crossed the Maumee at Rock De Bceuff, and passed through a succession of wet prairies, and after two and a half days of incessant toil and difficulty they arrived at the Ottawa village. To their great mortification and disappointment, they were informed that 'Blue Jacket' had returned from Cincinnati a day or two ago with a large quantity of whiskey, and that his people were on a high frolic. They could not remain in the village, and had a wet, swampy path of twelve miles to pass over to the St. Marys, through a valley swarming with gnats and mosquitos. They started. Night overtook them in the middle of the swamp ; there was no moon, and the forest very dense; they could not keep the path, nor see to avoid the quagmires on every side. After remaining in that uncomfortable condition five or six hours, expecting every moment that their horses would break away, daylight made its appearance. About sunrise they arrived at the old Fort St. Marys at the crossing of St. Marys, then occupied by Charles Murray and his squad, where they got breakfast, and proceeded on their way to Cincinnati."

We need not enter into a statement of the general operations and final results of the War of 1812. It was a national war, and its scope and effects cannot be compressed within the scope of a local history.

The history of that war is written and its results are the inheritance of the nation to-day. The long contemplated attack against Malden and the contemplated naval armament were both realized by the land and naval forces of the northwest army, for General Harrison found Malden sitting in lonely ruins, after Commodore Oliver Hazzard Perry had sent from the bosom of Lake Erie, under date of September 10, 1813, at 4 o'clock P. M., the memorable message : " Dear General, we have met the enemy and they are ours - two ships, two brigs, one schooner, and a sloop." It is also needless to more than refer to the closing battle of the Thames, in which the American forces won as lasting fame as any army ever earned, and which was signalized by the death of the humane but savage chief, Tecumseh, and the ignoble flight of the inhuman yet civilized monster, General Proctor.

General William Henry Harrison

was born February 9, 1773, at Berkley, on the banks of James River, twenty-five miles from Richmond, Virginia. Benjamin Harrison, his father, was one of the distinguished patriots of the American Revolution. In 1774, 1775, and 1776 he represented the State of Virginia in Congress, and was chairman of the Committee of the whole House when the Declaration of Independence was adopted. In the year 1777 he was chosen Speaker of the House of Delegates of Virginia, which position he filled until 1782, when he became Governor of the State. The character of the father was effective in moulding that of the son, as the history of Gen. Harrison will amply show.

Passing over the youthful life of William Henry Harrison, we first find him entering public life as aid-de-camp to General Anthony Wayne. He was next appointed by Gen. Wayne as Secretary of the Northwestern Territory in the year 1797, he being then in his twenty-fourth year. The Northwestern Territory at that time was under the government of Gen. St. Clair and comprised the whole of the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and the Territory of Michigan.

In 1799 he was elected delegate to represent the Northwestern Territory in Congress, and served one year. In 1801 he was appointed by President Adams as Governor of that part of the Northwest Territory called the Indian Territory. It consisted of three settlements: 1. Clarke's Grant of one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land at tiie falls of the Ohio, which had been granted to Gen. Clarke's regiment of Virginia troops as compensation for services during the Revolutionary war. 2. The old Friends' settlement at Vincennes and its vicinity on the Wabash. 3. A tract lying on the Mississippi and known as the French settlement, extending from Kaskaskia to Cahokia, about sixtyone miles.

All the immense region beyond these settlements was in the possession of the Indians, so that the duties of the Governor were more than nominal ; they were arduous. The hostility of the Indians, as well as the intrigues of the British agents, must be met and opposed. British agents had established posts and factories within the bounds prescribed by the treaty of 1783, and resorted to every measure of intrigue and falsehood to induce the Indian nations to believe that the Americans were their enemies, and that on the other hand they were indebted to King George for everything they obtained.

General Harrison therefore took the ground that the Indians were the mere tools of British and foreign intrigue, and both in peace and war were troublesome neighbors. As a civil governor he was eminently qualified by education and talent as well as by experience in the art of Indian warfare. This fact is clearly established by reference to the numerous treaties with the Indians, by which seventy millions of acres of land were from time to time ceded to the United States, the condition of the savages themselves ameliorated, and the American citizens protected in the enjoyment of their property and rights.

General Harrison, to secure the confidence of the Indian nations, in 1801 had communicated with chiefs of all the tribes inhabiting the territory over which he presided - he having visited all the tribes west of the Mississippi and about Lakes Superior, Huron, and Erie repeatedly before the year 1801. The greatest difficulty he had to encounter arose from the ideas which were inculcated among the tribes by the British agents and traders. The idea prevailed that the United States had resolved to destroy the Indians, take possession of their lands - which, however, was not to be accomplished by war, but by the introduction of smallpox, which would be communicated to them through the goods they would receive.

To counteract this belief Gen. Harrison resolved to have a public conference, at which he would explain the principles of the American Government and its wishes in regard to the Indian tribes. Accordingly on September 12, 1802, the Pottawatomies, Kickapoos, Eel River, Miamis, Weas, Piankishaws, and Kaskaskias assembled, but the Miamis and Delawares would not attend.

On September 17, 1802, an agreement was entered into between the General and these Indian nations, by their chiefs, whereby all difficulties were finally adjusted.

On August 13, 1803, Gen. Harrison entered into a treaty with the Kaskaskia tribe by which the whole of that extreme country formerly possessed by all the tribes of the Illinois Indians, with the exception of the Peorias, was ceded to the United States in consideration of an annuity of three hundred and ninety-six dollars and sixty-six cents, and an additional five hundred dollars for the cession of eight millions of acres of excellent land.

On the 19th and 27th of August, 1804, he concluded treaties with the Delawares and Piankishaws, by which the United States acquired all the country which lies between the Ohio and Wabash rivers, as far up as the road leading from Vincennes to Louisville. It has a front of three hundred miles on the Ohio and about one hundred and forty on the Wabash River. The Piankishaws, in addition to their five hundred dollar annuity granted them by the treaty of Greenville, received seven hundred dollars in goods and two hundred dollars per annum for ten years, and the Delawares an additional annuity of three hundred dollars for the same length of time.

About July, 1804, the Sac and Fox Indians ceded to the United States upwards of fifty-one millions of acres, the largest tract of land ever ceded in one treaty by the Indians since the settlement of North America. It commenced at the mouth of the Illinois River, and extended to the mouth of the Ouisconsing on the one side, and from the mouth of the Illinois to near the head of the Fox River on the other side ; thence from the head of the latter a line is drawn to a point thirty-six miles above the mouth of the Ouisconsing, which forms the northern boundary.

The terms were two thousand two hundred and eighty-four dollars in goods; an annuity of one thousand dollars, and also in goods six hundred dollars to the Sacs, and four hundred to the Foxes.

On April 30, 1803, France ceded to the United States for sixty millions of francs the whole colony or province of Louisiana, with its islands and dependencies. It was annexed to the territory of Indiana, and placed under the government of General Harrison, who presided over the most extensive territory ever before committed to the charge of any officer in the United States.

In the middle of August, 1805, a convention of chiefs for the Indian tribes assembled at Vincennes, and a treaty was concluded which settled the dispute made by the Delawares in 1804, but a further cession to the United States made of the land which lies to the south of the line drawn from the northeast corner of the tract ceded by the treaty of Fort Wayne, and striking the general boundary line running from the mouth of the Kentucky River to Fort Recovery, at the distance of fifty miles from its commencement, for which the Miamis received an annuity of six hundred dollars. The Eel River tribe an annuity of two hundred and fifty dollars. The Weas an annuity of two hundred and fifty dollars. The Pottawatomies an additional annuity of five hundred dollars for one year, and no longer, together with four thousand dollars paid them in gold.

September 30, 1809, Gen. Harrison contracted a treaty at Fort Wayne with the Miamis, Eel Rivers, Delawares, and Pottawatomie tribes for all that tract of country which shall be inclosed in the boundary lines established by the treaty of Fort Wayne. With the Kickapoos he made a separate treaty, and the number of acres in these cessions were two million nine hundred thousand acres, by giving annuities to each tribe.

Gen. Harrison fought the famous battle of Tippecanoe on the Wabash (the Indians being under the control of the Prophet), during the absence of Tecumseh, who was then in the South.

November 7, 1811, Gen. Harrison marched from Fort Harrison on the Wabash, to the Prophet's town, on October 28, with an army of nine hundred men, composed of the Kentucky and Indiana militia, and the 4th United States Regiment, and encamped within nine miles of the Prophet's town, on November 5. He approached the town the next day, and the chief asserted that he desired peace. Harrison assented to a cessation of hostilities until the next day, but that night the sentinels discovered some Indians stealthily creeping upon them as they paced their solemn rounds. One of the sentinels fired, the shot was answered by the wild Indian shout of defiant war, and the battle was opened. The Prophet commanded from five hundred to one thousand men, who were placed under three chiefs, White Soon, Stone Eater, and a treacherous Pottawatomie chief named Winnemac. The Indians were routed and dispersed, and abandoned their town, which the army proceeded to destroy, tearing down the fortifications and burning the buildings. This battle was fought out on the general plan of Gen. Wayne's rules of Indian warfare, and was a most decisive victory, for which Gen. Harrison justly received great praise and commendation.

In the battle of Tippecanoe, the loss of Gen. Harrison was probably greater than that of the Indians. Thirty-eight Indians were left dead upon the field, while of the Americans fifty were killed and nearly one hundred wounded.

On May 15, 1812, General Harrison held a grand council with the Indians, the following tribes being represented - the Wyandots, Chippewas, Ottawas, Delawares, Eel River, Miamis, Weas, Piankishaws, Shawnese, Kickapoos, and others who made strong professions of friendship for the United States.

On June 18, 1812, Congress declared war against Great Britain, when General Harrison, foreseeing the necessity of having the Indian tribes under his control, immediately commenced organizing the military for any emergency, he having received intelligence that a combination more formidable than any previous one existed among the Indian tribes.

On Aug. 22, 1812, Gen. Harrison was commissioned a Brigadier-General and assigned the command of all the forces in Indiana and Illinois countries, with instructions to cooperate with Gen. Hull and Governor Howe of the Missouri country.

On Aug. 25, 1812, Gen. Harrison received his commission as Major- General from Governor Scott of Kentucky, and was authorized to take command of a detachment now marching to Detroit to be reinforced with another regiment which he had called into service, and an additional body of mounted riflemen.

On Aug. 29, 1812, he left Cincinnati and marched to the relief of Fort Wayne, taking the route by Dayton and Piqua, arriving at the latter place September 3d. He detached Col. Allen's regiment with two companies of Col. Scott's to make forced marches for its relief, and a regiment of seven hundred mounted men under the command of Col. Adams advanced as far as Shane's crossing on the St. Marys. At Girty's town or St. Marys Gen. Harrison ordered block-houses to bo built, and a corps of mounted volunteers under Major R. M. Johnson arrived, which made the army consist of twenty-two hundred men.

On September 12 Gen. Harrison reached the fort and the enemy fled at his approach and abandoned all their positions, which they had kept closely blockaded for many days. Fort Wayne being relieved, General Harrison destroyed the Indian towns on the Wabash, and at Elk Harbor on the waters of Lake Michigan, fifty miles distant.

September 17. The President then appointed Gen. Harrison to the command of the Northwest Army and the volunteers and militia of Kentucky and Ohio, numbering three thousand, making the whole army to consist of about ten thousand soldiers.

On September 19 General Harrison assumed command and gave the command of the Kentucky troops to Gen. Winchester. He then set out for St. Marys, where he arrived on the 20th and directed a large convoy to meet the detachment of Gen. Winchester at the site of old Fort Defiance, at the mouth of Auglaize River.

On September 24 it became necessary to open a road from St. Marys to Fort Defiance by way of Tawa town and build a block-house between the two stations - the block-house to be of the largest size of such buildings, and not less than twenty-five feet on the lower story.

great interest occurred until the 22d January, 1813, when the massacre at the River Raisin occurred. Let us glance at the facts. Gen. Harrison ordered Gen. Winchester to fall back to Fort Jennings, as Tecumseh was in his vicinity with a large force of British and Indians, supposed to be near three thousand, and to be on the alert. Instead of obeying this order Gen. Winchester sent Col. Lewis with six hundred men to protect the farms. Col. Lewis exceeded bis orders and pushed forward to Frenchtown, eighteen miles from Malden. He there attacked and routed the British and Indian forces, and drove them two miles at the point of the bayonet.

The British hearing of this, sent large reinforcements from Malden and commenced a furious assault, by which Gen. Winchester's line was broken and scattered. McAfee states, in speaking of the Indians, "that their chiefs held a council in which they soon determined to kill all the wounded who were unable to march, in revenge for the warriors they had lost in the battle at Frenchtown. Soon afterwards they began to yell, and to exhibit in their frantic rage the most diabolical dispositions. They began first to plunder the houses of the inhabitants, and then broke into those where the wounded prisoners were lying, some of whom they abused and stripped of their clothes and blankets, and then tomahawked them without mercy. Some who were not in houses were killed and thrown into the flames, while others were tomahawked, inhumanly mangled, and left in the streets and highways.

The Americans in this sad affair lost upwards of two hundred and ninety in killed, massacred, and missing - only thirty-three escaped to the Rapids. The British took five hundred and forty-seven prisoners, and the Indians about forty-five. The loss of the British and Indians was between three and four hundred. Their whole force in the battle was about two thousand, one-half regulars and Canadians, commanded by Cols. Proctor and St. George ; the other composed of Indians, commanded by Round Head and Walk-in-the-Water. Tecumseh was not present, being on the Wabash, collecting the warriors in that quarter.

February 1, 1813. Gen. Winchester's army being reinforced by Gen. Leftwich's brigade, increased the number to eighteen hundred, but Gen. Harrison deemed it advisable to go into winter quarters and selected a good position on the south side of the river Maumee and called it Fort Meigs.

Nothing of importance occurred until the 28th of April, when the British troops encamped at the old station on the Maumee, two miles below Fort Meigs. Gen. Proctor with his six hundred regulars, eight hundred Canadian militia, and eighteen hundred Indians, kept up a continued fire for three days against General Harrison's important works. During the night of the third day Gen. Clay approached Gen. Harrison with twelve hundred Kentuckians. The whole force was then concentrated, charged the enemy, driving them from their batteries, spiking their cannon, and capturing forty-one prisoners, including one officer. The fighting lasted but forty-five minutes, during which time one hundred and eighty men were killed and wounded.

In less than two months the British and Indians under Tecumseh to the number of five thousand, threatened a second attack on Fort Meigs, and on the 1st of August Proctor summoned the post to surrender, at the same time informing Croghan that if he did not yield, the fort would be stormed and the occupants be tomahawked and scalped. Ensign Shipp met officer Dickson, who bore the summons, and immediately replied " that when the fort was taken there would be none left to massacre ."

Gen. Harrison, who was at Fort Stephenson, situated at Lower Sandusky, from which point he could protect either Upper Sandusky or Fort Meigs, being only nine miles distant, sent a message to Col. Croghan, who was in command of the fort, to evacuate at once ; but the message did not arrive until after the fort was surrounded. Croghan, however, returned for answer, " We are determined to maintain the place , and by Heaven , we can!" The British made the attack on the first day, but one hundred and sixty of the soldiers were killed and Proctor and his allies retreated. For this noble act Congress made Col. Croghan a Brigadier-General.

The second siege of Fort Meigs was abandoned by Proctor, who commanded an army of two thousand British and five hundred Indians ; soon afterwards concentrated their forces at Malden, their principal stronghold in Upper Canada. After their retreat Gen. Harrison commenced preparations for carrying the war into their own country, and formed the bold project of capturing Malden and the conquest of Upper Canada.

On July 20, 1813, Gen. Harrison was informed that the naval armament, which had been built under Commodore Perry's supervision, was prepared to co-operate with him in the reduction of Malden. With a view to this he wrote to Governor Shelby of Kentucky, earnestly soliciting a body of militia, not less than four hundred nor more than two thousand, and requesting that he would accompany them in person. Kentucky immediately responded to the call, and Gov. Shelby took command of fifteen hundred men, among which was Col. R. M. Johnson's regiment of mounted men.

August 2. Com. Perry proceeded to Sandnsky to receive orders from Harrison; who commanded him to advance at once to Malden and to bring the enemy to battle, while Gen. Harrison placed the army in a state for instant embarkation.

On the 10th of September, 1813, Com. Oliver Hazard Perry wrote the following letter to Gen. Harrison: "We have met the enemy and they are ours - two ships, two brigs, one schooner, and a sloop."

Gen. Harrison gave immediate orders to his soldiers to embark, and also the transportation of provisions, military stores, etc., to the margin of the lake, which was commenced, and from the 16th to the 24th of September, the troops and provisions were all transported to the place of rendezvous at Put in Bay, and on the 24th he issued his order for the embarkation of the army, and, in the language of a noble-hearted officer, said to his soldiers, " Remember the River Raisin ; but remember it only whilst victory is suspended. The revenge of a soldier cannot be gratified on a fallen soldier."

On the 27th the army embarked, and landed in Canada eager to encounter the enemy, but no enemy could be found I Malden was in ruins I The fort and works were a mass of smouldering ashes 1 It

McAfee in his history of the war states that Tecumseh addressed Proctor in this language : " Father, we see you are drawing back, and we are sorry to see our father doing so without seeing the enemy. We must compare our father's conduct to a fat dog, that carries its tail upon its back, but when affrighted drops it between its legs and runs away."

The next important event in the life of Gen. Harrison was the battle of the Thames at the Moravian towns on October 5, 1813, with the British and Indians under Proctor with his veterans, and Tecumseh with his two thousand warriors. Gen. Harrison gave them battle by attacking their front and rear, when the whole army was captured and the field won. The Americans lost thirty killed and wounded, while their foes lost six hundred and forty-five, including twenty-five officers; among the number the celebrated Indian chief Tecumseh. Tecumseh fell respected by his enemies as a great and magnanimous chief. He had been in almost every engagement with the whites since Gen. Harmer's defeat in 1791, and at his death scarcely exceeded forty years of age. The stamp of greatness from the hand of nature he had received, and had his lot been cast in a different state of society, he would have ranked as one of the most distinguished individuals of his day.

This victory destroyed the force of the enemy in Upper Canada and put an end to the war in the Northwestern Territory, and on the 11th day of May, 1814, Gen. Harrison resigned his position as commanderin-chief of the Western forces. In the year 1816 he was triumphantly elected by the people of Ohio to fill a seat in Congress in place of Hon. John McLean, who had resigned. He was presented with a gold medal by Congress for his services. At the expiration of his services in Congress, in 1819, he was elected by the people of Ohio to the State Senate. In 1824 he was elected to the United States Senate by the Legislature of Ohio. In 1826 he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Republic of Columbia. After his return he settled at North Bend on the Ohio River sixteen miles below the city of Cincinnati, 0., and in November, 1840, he was called from his retirement to the Presidency of the United States, and was inaugurated March 4, 1841. He did not live to fulfil the high hopes centred upon him by the people, for on the 4th of April, 1841, one month after his inauguration, he laid down the burdens of the past and the responsibilities of the present, and, taking these for a couch, was embraced by the dreamless sleep of death.

Death Of Col. John Johnston

Another of our early settlers and pioneer citizens has departed this life, a man who was one of the prominent landmarks of the past, and whose life shed lustre upon the noble name of the pioneer.

A telegraphic dispatch received from W ashington yesterday announced the death of the venerable Col. John Johnston. He was found dead on his bed at the United States Hotel in that city yesterday morning. We are not as yet informed of the cause of his sudden demise. He had reached the remarkable age of 86 years.

Col. John Johnston was born in the year 1775, and was educated and passed his boyhood in the State of Pennsylvania.* He came to the West in 1793 as an attache to the quartermaster's department of Gen. Wayne's army. When he first landed upon the site of this city it consisted of a few log cabins near Fort Washington. The boundless west was an almost broken wilderness, inhabited by wild beasts and Indians, with a few scattering settlements of whites.

In the winter of 1794-5 he was made a Mason at Bourbon Court House, now Paris, Kentucky, in a lodge working under the authority of the Grand Lodge of Virginia, of which Washington was a member. Soon after he returned to Philadelphia, and was for some years in the employ of the government in the War Office. He frequently saw the Father of his country in the lodge-room and at other places, and heard "Washington's farewell address" to his countrymen.

As secretary of a lodge in Philadelphia he marched in procession and participated in the funeral ceremonies in honor of the memory of the departed Patriot in the winter of 1800. At his death Col. Johnston was a member of McMillan Lodge of this city.

In the year 1801 he was appointed United States Agent at Fort Wayne. He was afterwards appointed Indian agent, which post he held for the extraordinary period of twenty-eight years, a striking evidence of the confidence reposed in him by the various administrations, and which divested their action of any party considerations. His station was at Piqua. Millions of money passed through his hands, every dollar of which was strictly accounted for.

The ancestors of the deceased were of the Episcopal Church, and he, together with the Rev. Intrepid Morse, of Steubenville, and the Rev. Samuel Johnston, of Cincinnati, organized the diocese of that church in Ohio. He was one of the original trustees of Kenyon College. Leaving the Indian agency in 1828 he was afterwards appointed a Canal Commissioner with Alfred Kelly, Gen. Bearsley, M. T. Williams and others.

He made the last treaty with the Wyandotte Indians in the years 1841-42 for their reservation, after which they were removed west of the Mississippi. The Senate hesitated to confirm the treaty, as he had, with his characteristic love of justice, allowed the Indians full value for their land, instead of taking advantage of their ignorance, as is too often done. Thus the last tribe of Indians were removed from the State.

His object in visiting Washington recently was to urge a claim amounting to about $15,000, due him for services as Indian agent. He was throughout his long intercourse with the Indians a great favorite with them, and exerted a decisive influence in inducing a number of tribes to aid the Americans instead of the British in the war of 1812.

Col. Johnston was the oldest living subscriber to the Cincinnati Gazette , having commenced taking it as nearly as he could estimate, about sixtysix years ago, and continued without interruption to his death. He never changed his locality, even for a brief period, without ordering his paper changed, so he would receive it without interruption. It had been his never-failing companion throughout a long and chequered career, and he felt all the attachment for it that he would for a near and dear friend of his early years. He entertained the same feeling for the National Intelligencer , which he had taken about sixty years. Both were indissolubly linked with the hallowed names of a multitudinous array of noble compeers who had gone before him, and a countless throng of glorious recollections, embracing the history of a nation.

In politics Col. Johnston was moderate and conservative, and during the recent canvass was a warm friend and advocate of J ohn Bell for the Presidency.

Our old and esteemed friend, John D. Jones, Esq., married one of Col. Johnston's daughters, and for many years he has been in the habit of dividing his time, as the inclination might prompt him, between his relatives and friends here, and in Piqua and Dayton. Most of our city readers were doubtless familiar with his tall, commanding, and military looking form, so often seen promenading our streets, still unbent with the weight of more than fourscore years, and that fine pleasing and benevolent face that so prepossessed every one who saw it.

He was for a time President of the Historical Society of Ohio, and took a lively interest and active part in the forming of the Pioneer Association of this city, of which he also served as President for one year, and contributed many valuable and interesting reminiscences.

His remains will probably be taken to Piqua for interment. Sojourning temporarily in the capital of the nation, during the perilous times that are now upon us, it may well be imagined how deep and powerful the solicitude felt by the venerable and pure patriot for his beloved country. If that country is to be rent in twain, he died none too soon - but we would that he had lived to see, as we fondly trusted he would, its alienated parts united once more in the bonds of fraternal peace and a common brotherhood.

Stephen Johnston

Was a brother of Col. John Johnston, and is the father of Stephen Johnston, Attorney-at-Law, and resides in Piqua, Ohio. He was a candidate for the Presidency of the United States in November, 1880.

His father was a clerk in the United States factory store which had been erected near the fort, some time subsequent to the erection of Fort Wayne in 1194, for the purpose of supplying the Indians with agricultural implements.

History tells us that Mr. Stephen Johnston feeling very solicitous about the safety of his wife, who had been sent to the frontier in a delicate condition, accompanied by Peter Oliver and a discharged militia man named John Mangen, attempted to elude the vigilance of the Indians, and visit the place of her abode. They left at 10 o'clock at night. Stephen Johnston was fired upon by six Indians and instantly killed in sight of the fort. Before the Indians could reload their pieces the other two men made good their retreat to the fort, and for a reward of twenty dollars an Indian was induced to bring in the body of Mr. Johnston.

John Chapman

Among the pioneers of this section must be mentioned John Chapman, more popularly known as "Johnny Appleseed," who traversed this whole region propagating his peculiar ideas and planting nurseries along his path. From Pennsylvania he entered Ohio, and planted those nurseries which became the parent stock of the orchards of the pioneers. Being of poor parentage and ushered into life in the midst of the agitations and vicissitudes attending the revolutionary period, he obtained only sufficient education to enable him to read and write. Religiously inclined, he at an early age embraced the doctrine of Emanuel Swedenborg, to which he adhered throughout his life. His benevolence was unbounded. He generally went bare-headed ; but if he wore a hat or pair of shoes and saw any person whom he thought needed them, he would take them off and give them to that person. Miss Rosella Rice of Perryville, Ashland County, 0., has given the following pen account of this peculiar man, he being a frequent visitor at her father's house.

"No one knows why Johnny was so eccentric; some people thought he had been crossed in love, and others that his passion for growing fruit trees and planting orchards in those early and perilous times had absorbed all the tender and domestic feelings natural to mankind. An old nncle of ours tells us the first time he ever saw Johnny was in 1806, in Jefferson County, O. He had two canoes lashed together, and was taking a lot of apple seeds down the Ohio River. About that time he planted sixteen bushels of seed on one acre of that grand old farm on the Walhonding River, known as the Butler farm. All up and down the Ohio and Muskingum, and their then wild and pretty tributaries did poor Johnny glide along, alone, with his rich freight of seeds, stopping here and there to plant nurseries. He always selected rich, secluded spots of ground. One of them we remember now, and even still it is picturesque, beautiful, and primal. He cleared the ground himself, a quiet nook over which the tall sycamores reached out their long arms as if for protection. Those who are nurserymen now, should compare their facilities with those of poor Johnny going about with a load in a canoe, and, when occasion demanded, with a great load on his back To those who could afford to buy, he always sold on very fair terms. To those who couldn't he always gave or made some accommodating, trade, or took a note, payable - some time - and rarely did that time ever come. Among his many eccentricities, was one of braving pain like an undaunted Indian warrior. He gloried in suffering. Very often he would thrust pins and needles into his flesh without a tremor or a quiver; and if he had a cut or a sore, the first thing he did was to sear it with a hot iron and then treat it as a burn. He hardly ever wore shoes except in winter; but if travelling in summer time and the roads hurt his feet, he would wear sandals and a big hat that he made himself with one side very large and wide, and bent down to keep the heat from his face. No matter how oddly he was dressed or how funny he looked, we children never laughed at him, because our parents all loved and revered him ns a good old man, a friend and benefactor. Almost the first thing he would do when he entered a house and was weary, was to lie down on the floor, with his knapsack for a pillow, and his head towards the light of the door or window, when he would say : ' Will you have some fresh news right from heaven V and carefully taking out his old, worn books, a Testament and two or three others, the exponent of the beautiful religion that Johnny so zealously lived out - the Swedenborgian doctrine. We can hear him read now, just as he did that summer day, when we were busy quilting up stairs, and he lay near the door, his voice rising denunciatory and thrilling - strong and loud as the roar of the waves and winds, then soft and soothing as the balmy airs that stirred the morning-glory leaves about his gray head. His was a strange, deep eloquence at times. His language was good and well chosen, and he was undoubtedly a man of genius. Sometimes, in speaking of fruits, his eyes would sparkle and his countenance grow animated and really beautiful, and if he was at the table his knife and fork would be forgotten. In describing apples, we could see them just as he, the word painter, pictured them - large, luscious, creamy-tinted ones, or rich, fragrant, and yellow, with a peachy tint on the sunshiny side, or crimson red, with the juice ready to burst through the tender rind."

Thomas S. Humerickhouse, in Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture for 1846, speaks of him as a scientific as well as early producer of apple trees. He says: "Obscure and illiterate thougli he was in some respects, he was another Dr. Van Mons, and must have been endued with the instinct of his theory." He was one of those quaint characters whose simple lives contain lessons that would add lustre to many a more pretentious name.

Born in the city of Boston in the year 1775, at an early age he penetrated the then wilderness region of Western Pennsylvania, where he developed the singular peculiarity which afterward secured for him the name by which he was familiarly known. From Pennsylvania he drifted in 1801 to the territory of Ohio, his entire outfit consisting of a horse and wagon loaded with apple-seed, obtained from the cider-presses of Western Pennsylvania. Selecting a number of fertile spots in Licking County, Ohio, he planted his apple-seeds and was not again seen in that region for several years. In the mean time, however, he was planting his curious nurseries in different parts of the West, extending from the great lakes on the North, to the Ohio River on the South, and as far West as the western boundary of Indiana.

Always in advance of the settlements, he penetrated the western wilderness and planted his apple-seeds often in the midst of primeval forests, where, as the columns of civilization advanced, the pioneers found the means of establishing orchards, many of which stand to-day as monuments of the simple-hearted man whose entire life was given up to his singular pursuit.

Some five or six years after the time he disappeared from Licking County he was seen pursuing his way down the Ohio lliver, with two canoes laden with apple-seed. Reaching the confluence of the Ohio and Muskingum Rivers, he ascended the latter, and on its banks, as well as those of its tributaries, he planted his apple-seeds, laying the foundation of what proved, in the course of time, to be one of the most profitable industries of central and northern Ohio. It must be borne in mind, in order to fully appreciate the enthusiasm of Chapman in following out the work to which he was devoting his life, that the regions he penetrated were still untouched by the hand of the settler, and that alone, in the midst of the illimitable wilderness, he labored cheerfully for the generations which were to come after him.

There is something touchingly beautiful in the picture of this man, hundreds of miles from human habitations, often surrounded by dangers, companionless in the midst of the oppressive silence of nature, pursuing his labor of love uncomplainingly and without hope of reward. Subsequent to the voyage in canoes, of which we have spoken, he penetrated the Northwest, skirting the southern shore of Lake Eric, planting by the way until he reached Detroit. In this, and other trips, he afterwards made, he either carried himself, or packed on horseback, the seed he was so generously distributing. His plantings were so extensive that it was necessary for him to make frequent trips for a new supply of seed to the cider-presses of western Pennsylvania. As time went on, and the country became settled, Chapman's nurseries, which were scattered over a wide area of country, furnished the means for the immediate planting of orchards, and were largely availed of by the men who were wresting from the wilderness homes for themselves and families. Thus what seemed originally the whim of a simple-minded man, in the end proved a source from which he drew the means to supply his wants. He cared nothing for money, and would take in exchange even cast-off clothing.- ' A few pounds of flour or corn meal would purchase of him enough trees to plant a large orchard; while if his customers were poor, he could not be prevailed upon to accept anything, and would often with his own hands plant their orchards. It is related of him that he would often take the notes of farmers for trees, and considering the transaction closed, never ask for payment, or think of the matter again. What money he got he gave to those who were struggling to make homes on the border. Without a home himself, or family ties of any description, he was instrumental in establishing for others that which he deemed unnecessary for himself.

He held the Brahminical doctrine that man had no right to kill a living thing, and during his life he was never known to kill even an insect. In early days in the West, it was a common practice for people to turn disabled or useless animals out to die. These animals Chapman would carefully collect, house and feed during the winter months, and in the summer find for them the best and greenest pastures. Many of them, under his tender care, were restored to usefulness. These he would never sell, but would give away, only stipulating that they should be well cared for and never abused.

A volume might be filled with anecdotes of this strange man, whose life seemed a constant effort to do good. Content himself with the poorest garb and the most meagre fare, every thought of his heart seemed centered, in his simple way, around the problem that has disturbed many a broader mind - how to accomplish the most good within the limits of a life. He died near Fort Wayne, Ind., in the spring of 1845, at the age of seventy-two years.

Article of Agreement - Article of agreement made this twenty-ninth day of April, eighteen hundred and twenty-eight; between William B. Hedges of the one part and John Chapman of the other part: Witnesseth that the said Hedges leases a certain enclosed lot or piece of ground lying below the little Branch, below Shanesville, between the little lane and the river, to John Chapman, for the purpose of sowing apple-seeds on, and is to be cultivated in a nursery for the space of ten years, more or less, as the case may require for the present year's sowing seed to come suitable for transplanting or setting out. For. which the said Chapman is to pay to the said Hedges one tiiousand apple trees, to be taken as they average, suitable for market or transplanting on equal proportion for the space of teu years, so soon as they become fit for market. That is to say on an average of one hundred apple trees per year, or in that proportion when they are fit to set out, etc.

It is further understood on the within article that the said Chapman is not to be obliged to take or remove the remainder of the apple trees off the lot at the expiration of the ten years, but is to pay one hundred apple trees a year rent for every year that they may stand, or in that proportion, for what time they may stand, until taken off, etc.

The following bids were received in reply to the Postmaster-General's advertisement for proposals for carrying the mail in Ohio, from Jan. 1, 1832, to Dec. 31, 1835: -

No. 1572. Piqua via Hardin, Wapakonnetta, Kalida, and Sugar Grove to Defiance, 96 miles and back, once a week (no copy of this advertisement is known to be retained. It was probably destroyed when the General Post Office was burned in 1836. The ronte is taken from the route register of the contract term ), was accepted bj- A. R. Chase for $288. Acceptances sent to Conneaut, Ohio.

Contract was made with Thos. W. Mansfield at $350, from Sept. 1, 1832. (This name appears upon the route register as William Mansfield, Troy, Ohio.)

The advertisement of July 2, 1835, inviting proposals for carrying the mail in Ohio from Jan. 1, 1836, to Dec. 31, 1839, contains the following: No. 1553. From Piqua (1477) by Hardin, Wapahkonnetta, Lima, Kalida, and Sugar Grove to Defiance, 96 miles and back, once a week. Leave Piqua every Tuesday at 6 a. m., arrive at Defiance on Thursday by 6 p. m. Leave Defiance every Friday at 6 a. m., arrive at Piqua on Sunday by 6 p. m.

Contract with Edward Johnson dated November 30, 1835. Johnson failed, and contract was made with Hugh Marshall, of Piqua, Ohio, dated August 31, 1836, to commence August 9, 1836; to expire December 31, 1839.

" October 2, 1838. The Postmasters at Piqua and Defiance certify that the order of February 19, 1838, was complied with on the 1st of April, 1838."

The Route Register of this contract shows the additional post-offices of Rumlcy, between Hardin and Wapahkonnetta; Bening, between Lima and Kalida, and Fort Brown, between Sugar Grove (changed to Franconia) and Defiance.

Fort Defiance , Williams Co., Ohio, established May 19, 1821, Timothy S. Smith, Postmaster. Bondsmen for $700, Peter G. O'Hare, Samuel Ewing. Name changed to Defiance March 10, 1824, and new bond given, with Guy N. Conant and H. Conant as sureties. The following were appointed Postmasters : -

Hardin , Shelby Co., Ohio, established Jan. 28, 1820, James Wells, Postmaster. Bond $700, with Samuel Marshall and Robert Aldrich, sureties. The following were appointed Postmasters : -

Kalida , Putnam Co., Ohio, established Dee. 4, 1834, Winchton Risley, Postmaster. Bond $300; sureties, Orville Risley and Moses Lee. The following were appointed Postmasters : -

Lima , Allen Co., Ohio. Established Feb. 1, 1832, with Lewis Srouf, Postmaster. Bond $400; sureties do not appear of record. The following were appointed Postmasters: -

Piquatown , Miami Co., Ohio. Established Jan. 19, 1811, Armstrong Brandon, Postmaster. Bond $500; sureties do not appear of record. The following were appointed Postmasters: -

Sugar Drove, Putnam Co., Ohio. Established Feb. 18, 1827, Sebastian- Sroufe, Postmaster. Bond $300; sureties: A. Crossley, F. D. Sroufe. The following were appointed Postmasters: -

Wapahlconetia,* Allen Co., Ohio. Established Jan. 5, 1829, Robert Broderick, Postmaster. Bond $300; sureties: Gf. C. Johnston, N. F. Broderick. The following were appointed Postmasters: -

Organization Of Counties In Ohio List Of Territorial And State Governors

From the organization of the first Civil Government in the Northwest Territory (1788 to 1802) of which the State of Ohio was a part, until the year 1882.

* Thomas Kirker was the acting Governor, but Return Jonathan Meigs was elected Governor the second Tuesday of October, 1807, over Nathaniel Massie, who contested the election of Meigs on the ground " that he had not been a resident of Ohio for four years next preceding the election as required by the constitution, and the General Assembly, in joint con vention, declared that he was ineligible. The office was not given to Massie, but Kirker, the acting Governor, continued in office until December 12, 1808, when Samuel Huntington was inaugurated, he having been elected on the second Tuesday of October in that year.

* The result of the eleotion in 1848, was not finally determined in joint convention of the two houses of the General Assembly until January 19, 1849, and the inauguration did not take place until the 22d of that month.

* Acting Governor, vice Reuben Wood, resigned. Elected in October, 1853, tor the regular term to commence on second Monday of January, 1854.

Election Statistics Of Ohio

Thomas Corwin resigned to go into President Taylor's Cabinet. Salmon P. Chase, elected for six years, from March 4, 1861, served till March 12, and resigned to go into President Lincoln's Cabinet. John Sherman resigned to go into President Hayes' Cabinet. James A. Garfield resigned to accept the office of President of the United States.

Presidential Elections

The following Table gives the popular and electoral vote, so far as vie have beef able to procure them, since the first election of George Washington.