Clinton Township (part 4 of 18)

This country appears well adapted for the enjoyment of industrious people, who cannot avoid living in as great luxury as in any other place throughout the States, nature having lent a most bountiful hand in the arrangement of the position, that a.man can send the produce to market in his own boat. The land level and river navigable not more than sixty miles from the lake.

Grand Oglaize , August 9, 1794 - We remain here. The commanderin-chief has ordered a garrison to be erected at the confluence of the Miami and Oglaize Rivers, which was begun this morning, and will take up some time; by this means the troops will be much refreshed, as well as the horses and cattle, the latter being much wearied and in need of a recess of labor. No appearance of an enemy.

Grand Oglaize , August 10, 1794. - The troops in good spirits. No interruption from or account of the enemy. We have plenty of vegetables. One of our militia officers wounded by his own sentinel by mistake.

Took up their line of march, and at one arrived on this ground without any occurrence. Our camp is situated in sight of Snaketown, on the Miami of the Lake. Vegetables in abundance.

Camp nineteen miles from Oglaize , August 16, 1794. - Our march this day was through a bushy ground, and the road generally bad. Miller (the flag) returned this day from the enemy with information from the tribes, that if the commander-in-chief would remain at Grand Oglaize ten days they would let him know whether they would be for peace or war.

Camp thirty-one miles from Camp Oglaize , August 17, 1794. - This day a small party of the enemy's spies fell in with ours; both parties being for discoveries, they retreated, at which time the enemy fired and wounded one of our horses. Our camp, head of the Rapids.

Camp forty-one miles from Grand Oglaize , August 18, 1794. - The legion arrived on this ground, nothing particular taking place. Five of our spies were sent out at three o'clock; they fell in with an advanced body of the enemy, and obliged to retreat ; but May, one of our spies, fell under the enemy's hold. What his fate may be must be left to future success.

Camp Deposit , August 19, 1794. - The legion still continued in encampment, and are throwing up works to secure and deposit the heavy baggage of the troops, so that the men may be light for action, provided the enemy have presumption to favor us with an interview, which if they should think proper to do, the troops are in such high spirits that we will make an easy victory of them.

Camp in sight of a British garrison , on the Miamis of the Lake , August 20, 1794, one hundred and fifty miles from Greenville. - This day the legion, after depositing every kind of baggage, took up the line of march at seven o'clock, and continued their route down the margin of the river, without making any discovery, until eleven o'clock, when the front guard, which was composed of mounted volunteers, were fired on by the enemy. The guard retreated in the utmost confusion through the front guard of the regulars, commanded by Captain Cook and Lieutenant Steele, who, in spite of their utmost exertion, made a retreat. These fell in with the left of Captain Howell Lewis's company of light infantry and threw that part of the men into confusion, which Captain Lewis observing, he ordered the left of his company to retreat about forty yards, where he formed them and joined the right, which had stood their ground. They continued in this position until they were joined by part of Captain Springer's battalion of riflemen, which was nearly fifteen minutes after the firing commenced, who drove the enemy that had attempted to flank us on the right. Nearly at the same time, the right column came up, and the charge was sounded - the enemy gave way and fired scattering shots as they run off.

About the time the right column came up, a heavy firing took place on the left, which lasted but a short time, the enemy giving way in all quarters, which left us in possession of their dead to the number of forty. Our loss was thirty killed and one hundred wounded. Among the former we have to lament the loss of Captain Campbell of the dragoons, and Lieutenant Henry B. Fowles of the 4th sublegion; and of the latter, Captains Prior of the first, Slough of the fourth, and Van Rensselaer of the dragoons, also Lieutenant Campbell Smith of the fourth sublegion. The whole loss of the enemy cannot at present be ascertained, but it is more than probable it must have been considerable, for we pursued them with rapidity for nearly two miles. As to the number of the enemy engaged in this action, opinions are so various, that I am at a loss to know what to say; the most general opinion is one thousand five hundred, one-third of which are supposed to be Canadians; I am led to believe this number is not over the mark. After the troops had taken some refreshment, the legion continued their route down the river, and encamped in sight of the British garrison. One Canadian fell into our hands, whom we loaded with irons.

Camp Foot of the Rapids , August 21, 1794. - We are now lying within half a mile of the British garrison. A flag came to the commander-inchief, the purport of which was that he, the commanding officer of the British fort, was surprised to see an American army so far advanced in this country; and why they had the assurance to encamp under the mouths of his Majesty's cannons I The commander-in-chief answered, that the affair of yesterday might well inform him why this army was encamped in its present position, and had the flying savages taken shelter under the walls of the fort, his Majesty's cannon should not have protected them.

Camp Foot of the Rapids , August 22, 1794. - We have destroyed all the property within one hundred yards of the garrison. The volunteers were sent down eight miles below the fort, and have destroyed and burnt all the possessions belonging to the Canadians and savages. The commander-in-chief led his light infantry within pistol-shot of the garrison, to find out the strength and situation of the place, and in hopes of bringing a shot from our inveterate but silent enemies. They were too cowardly to come up to our expectations, and all we got by insulting the colors of Britain was a flag, the amount of which was, that the commanding officer of the fort felt himself as a soldier much injured, by seeing his Majesty's colors insulted, and if such conduct was continued, he would be under the necessity of making a proper resentment ; upon which the commander-in-chief demanded the post, it being the right of the United States, which was refused. A small party of dragoons were sent over the river to bum and destroy all the houses, corn, etc., that were under cover of the fort, which was effected.

Camp Deposit , August 23, 1794. - Having burned and destroyed everything contiguous to the fort without any opposition, the legion took up its line of march, and in the evening encamped on this ground, being the same they marched from the 20th. It may be proper to remark that we have heard nothing from the savages, or their allies the Canadians, since the action. The honors of war have been paid to the remains of those brave fellows who fell on the 20th, by a discharge of three rounds from sixteen pieces of ordnance, charged with shells. The ceremony was performed with the greatest solemnity.

Camp Thirty-two Mile Tree , August 24, 1794. - The wounded being well provided for with carriages, etc., the legion took up the line of march, and halted in their old camp about two o'clock in the evening without any accident. In this day's march we destroyed all the corn and burnt all the houses we met with, which were very considerable.

Camp Fifteen Mile Tree , August 25, 1794. - The legion continued their march, and encamped on this ground at three o'clock P. M. This morning a few of the volunteers remained in the rear of the army; and soon after the legion took up their line of march they saw eight Indians coming into our camp ; they fell in with them, killed one and wounded two.

march, and after burning and destroying all the houses and corn on their route, arrived on this ground at two o'clock, being one of our encamping places when on our advance.

All the wounded that were carried on litters and horseback were sent forward to Fort Defiance. Dr. Carmichael through neglect had the wounded men of the artillery and cavalry thrown into wagons, among spades, axes, picks, etc., in consequence of which the wounded are now lying in extreme pain, besides the frequent shocks of a wagon on the worst of roads. The wounded of the third sublegion are under obligation to Dr. Haywood for his attention and humanity to them in their distress.

the garrison. On this day's march we destroyed all the corn and burnt all the houses on our route. The wounded are happily fixed in the garrison, and the doctors say there is no great danger of any of them dying.

Fort Defiance , August 28, 1794 - The commander-in-chief thinks proper to continue on this ground for some time, to refresh the troops and send for supplies. There are corn, beans, pumpkins, etc., within four miles of this place, to furnish the troops three weeks.

General Orders. - The quartermaster-general will issue one gill of whiskey to every man belonging to the Federal army (this morning), as a small compensation for the fatigues they have undergone for several days past. Maj.-Gen. Scott will direct his quartermasters to attend accordingly with their respective returns. The commander-in-chief wishes it to be fairly understood, that when he mentioned, or may mention, the Federal army in general orders, that term comprehends and includes the legion and mounted volunteers as one compound arm)', and that the term legion comprehends the regular troops, agreeable to the organization by the President of the United States, and by which appellation they are known and recognized on all occasions, when acting by themselves, and separate from the mounted volunteers. As the army will probably remain on this ground for some time, vaults must be dug, and every precaution taken to keep the encampment clean and healthy.

The legion will be reviewed the day after to-morrow at ten o'clock. In the interim the arms must be clean and varnished, and the clothing of the soldier repaired and washed, to appear in the most military condition possible ; but in these necessary preparations for a review, great caution must be used by the commanding officers of wings, not to permit too many men at one time to take their locks off, or to be engaged in washing.

This is the first fair day that we have had since we began to return to this place, it having rained nearly constant for five days, which was the occasion of fatiguing the troops very much.

Fort Defiance , August 29, 1794. - We are as yet encamped on this ground; all the pack-horses belonging to the quartermaster and contractors' department moved this morning for Fort Recovery, escorted by Brig.-Gen. Todd's brigade of mounted volunteers, for the purpose of bringing supplies to this place. It is said the legion will continue in their present camp until the return of this escort. Our spies were yesterday twelve miles up this river, and they bring information that the cornfields continue as far as they were up the river.

Fort Defiance , August 30, 1794. - This day at ten o'clock, the commander-in-chief began to review the troops at the posts occupied by the different corps, and I am led to believe that he was well pleased at their appearance. Major Hughes, Captain Slough, Captain Yan Rensselaer, and Lieutenant Younghusband obtained a furlough to go home to repair their healths, being, as they pretended, very much injured by the service.

Headquarters , August 31, 1794. General Orders . - A general courtmartial, to consist of five members, will sit to-morrow morning at ten o'clock for the trial of such prisoners as may be brought before them. Major Shaylor, president; Lieutenant Wade, judge advocate.

The disorderly and dangerous practice of permitting the soldiery to pass the chain of sentinels, on pretext of going after vegetables, can no longer be suffered. In future, on issuing day, only one man from each mess, properly armed and commanded by the respective sublegionary quartermasters, will be sent as a detachment for vegetables, to march at seven o'clock in the morning.

The pack-horses shall forage daily under protection of a squadron of dragoons; every precaution must be taken to guard against surprise. Any noncommissioned officer or soldier found half a mile without the chain of sentinels, without a pass signed by the commanding officer of wings or sublegion, or from headquarters, shall be deemed a deserter and punished accordingly. Every sentinel suffering a noncommissioned officer or private to pass without such written permit, except a party on command, shall receive fifty lashes for each and every violation of this order.

A fatigue party of three hundred noncommissioned officers and privates, with a proportion of commissioned officers, will parade at seven o'clock to-morrow morning, furnished with one hundred axes, one hundred picks, and one hundred spades and shovels, with arms, commanded by Major Burbeck.

A part of this order was in consequence of three men of the first sublegion being either killed or taken by the enemy when out foraging, which was done some time since in a very disorderly manner, at the same time liable to the attacks of the enemy without having it in their power to make the smallest resistance.

Fort Defiance, September 1, 1794. - This morning the fatigue party ordered yesterday began to fortify and strengthen the fort, and make it of sufficient strength to be proof against heavy metal; the work now on hand is a glacis with fascines and a ditch twelve feet wide and eight feet deep; the block-houses are to be made bomb-proof.

Fort Defiance, September 2, 1794. - Every effective man of the light troops in the redoubts round the camp was ordered this morning to make three fascines.

The foraging party that went out this day brought in as much corn, dry enough to grate, as will suffice the troops three days. The soldiery gets sick very fast with the fever and ague, and have it severely.

forward in all quarters. The garrison begins to put on the appearance of strength, and will in a few days be able to stand the shook of heavy cannon; the troops are very sickly, and I believe the longer we continue in this place the worse it will be.

Fort Defiance, September 4, 1794 - The number of our sick increases daily, provision is nearly exhausted ; the whiskey has been out for some time, which makes the hours pass heavily to the tune of Roslin Castle, when in our present situation they ought to go to the quick step of the merry man down to his grave. Hard duty and scanty allowance will cause an army to be low spirited, particularly the want of a little of the wet.

Fort Defiance, September 5, 1794. - No news of the escort; this day the troops drew no flour, and I fear we will shortly draw no beef; however, as long as the issuing of beef continues the troops will not suffer, as there is still corn in abundance on the river.

Fort Defiance, September 8, 1794. - This day brings us information of the escort; by express we learn it will be with us to-morrow. It will be fortunate for us should provisions arrive, as we have not drawn any flour since the seventh instant, nevertheless we have the greatest abundance of vegetables.

Fort Defiance, September 9, 1794 - The escort has not yet arrived, but will be in to-morrow. Gen. Scott with the residue is ordered to march to-morrow morning at reveille. The commander-in-chief engaged with the volunteers to bring on the flour from Greenville on their own horses, for which they are to receive three dollars per hundred, delivered at the Miami villages.

Fort Defiance, September 10, 1794 - The escort arrived this day about three o'clock, and brought with them two hundred kegs of flour and nearly two hundred head of cattle. Captain Preston and Ensigns Strother, Bowyer, and Lewis joined us this day with the escort We received no liquor by this command, and I fancy we shall not receive any until we get into winter quarters, which will make the fatigues of the campaign appear double, as I am persuaded the troops would muoh rather live on half rations of beef and bread, provided they could obtain their full rations of* whiskey. The vegetables are as yet in the greatest abundance. The soldiers of Captain Wm. Lewis's company are in perfect health, the wounded excepted.

Fort Defiance , September 11, 1794. - This day Gen. Barber's brigade of mounted volunteers marched for Fort Recovery for provisions, to meet us at the Miami villages by the 20th.

Fort Defiance, September 12, 1794. - This day the pioneers were ordered to cut the road up the Miami under the direction of the sublegionary quartermaster; they are to commence at seven o'clock to-morrow morning.

Fort Defiance , September 13, 1794. - This day a general order was issued, setting forth that the legion would march to-morrow morning precisely at seven o'clock, every department to prepare themselves accordingly.

The squaw that Wells captured on the 11th of August was this day liberated and sent home. Three soldiers of the 1st and three of the 3d sublegions deserted last night; sixteen volunteers pursued them; they are to receive twenty dollars if they bring them in dead or alive.

Camp 11 \th Mile Tree , September 14, 1794. - The legion began their march for the Miami villages at seven o'clock this morning, and encamped on this ground at three o'clock, after marching in the rain eight hours.

Camp 32 d Mile Tree , September 15, 1794. - The legion marched at six and encamped at four o'clock. Captain Preston, who commanded the light troops in the rear, got lost and lay out from the army all night with a large part of the baggage.

Camp 33 d Mile Tree, September 16, 1794. - We encamped on this ground at four o'clock, after passing over very rough roads and woods thick with brush, the timber very lofty and the land generally rich and well watered.

. Gamp Miami Villages , September 17, 1794. - The army halted on this ground at five o'clock P. M., being forty-seven miles from Fort Defiance and fourteen from our last encampment; there are nearly five hundred acres of cleared land lying in one body on the rivers St. Joseph, St. Marys, and the Miami; there are fine points of land contiguous to those rivers adjoining the cleared land. The rivers are navigable for small craft in the summer, and in the winter there is water sufficient for large boats, the lands adjacent fertile and well timbered, and from every appearance it has been one of the largest settlements made by the Indians in this country.

Gamp Miami Villages, September 18, 1794. - This day the commanderin-chief reconnoitered the ground and determined on the spot to build a garrison on. The troops fortified their camps, as they halted too late yesterday to cover themselves. Four deserters from the British came to us this day ; they bring information that the Indians are encamped eight miles below the British fort to the number of sixteen hundred.

Camp Miami Villages , September 19, 1794. - This day we hear that Gen. Barber's brigade of mounted volunteers are within twelve miles of this place, and will bo in early to-morrow with large supplies of flour ; we have had heavy rains, the wind N. W., and the clouds have the appearance of emptying large quantities on this western world.

Camp Miami Villages, September 20, 1794. - Last night it rained violently, and the wind blew from the N. W. harder than I knew heretofore. Gen. Barber with his command arrived in camp about nine o'clock this morning, with five hundred and fifty-three kegs of flour, each containing one hundred pounds.

Camp Miami Villages , September 21, 1794. - The commander-in-chief reviewed the legion this day at one o'clock. All the quartermaster's horses set off this morning escorted by the mounted volunteers for Greenville, and are to return as soon as possible; we have not one quart of salt on this ground, which occasions bad and disagreeable living, until the arrival of the next escort.

Camp Miami Villages , September 22, 1794. - Nothing of consequence took place this day, except that the troops drew no salt with their fresh provisions.

Camp Miami Villages, September 23, 1794. - Four deserters from the British garrison arrived at our camp; they mention that the* Indians are still embodied on the Miami, nine miles below the British fort ; that they are somewhat divided in opinion, some are for peace and others for war.

to complete it. A keg of whiskey containing ten gallons was purchased this day for eighty dollars, a sheep for ten dollars ; three dollars were offered for one pint of salt, but it could not be obtained for less than six.

Camp Miami Villages, September 25, 1794. - Lieutenant Blue of the dragoons was this day arrested by Ensign Johnson of the 4th S. L., but a number of their friends interfering ihe dispute was settled upon Lieutenant Blue asking Ensign Johnson's pardon.

Gamp Miami Villages, September 26, 1794. - M'Clelland, one of our spies, with a small party came in this evening from Fort Defiance, who brings information that the enemy are troublesome about the garrison, and that they have killed some of our men under the walls of the fort. Sixteen Indians were seen to-day near this place; a small party went in pursuit of them. I have not heard what discoveries they have made.

« Camp Miami Villages , September 27, 1794. - No intelligence of the enemy; the rain fell considerably last night; this morning the wind is S. W.

Camp Miami Villages, September 30, 1794. - Salt and whiskey were drawn by the troops this day, and a number of the soldiery became much intoxicated, they having stolen a quantity of liquor from the quartermaster.

Camp Miami Villages, October 1, 1794 - The volunteers appear to be uneasy, and have refused to do duty; they are ordered by the commander-in-chief to march to-morrow for Greenville to assist the packhorses, which I am told they are determined not to do.

Camp Miami Villages, October 2, 1794. - This morning the volunteers refused to go on command, and de'manded of Gen. Scott to conduct them home ; he ordered them to start with Gen. Barber, or if they made the smallest delay they should lose all their pay and be reported to the war office as revolters; this had the desired effect, and they went off not in good humor.

Camp Miami Villages, October 3, 1794 - Every officer,- noncommissioned officer, and soldier belonging to the square are on fatigue this day, hauling trees on the hind wheels of wagons ; the first day we got an extra gill per man, which appears to be all the compensation at this time in the power of the commander-in-chief to make the troops.

Camp Miami Villages, October 4, 1794. - This morning we had the hardest frost I ever saw in the middle of December ; it was like a small snow; there was ice in our camp-kettles three-quarters of an inch thick; the fatigues go on with velocity, considering the rations the troops are obliged to live on.

Camp Miami Villages, October 5, 1794. - The weather extremely cold and hard 1 frosts, the wind N. W.; everything quiet and nothing but harmony and peace throughout the camp, which is something uncommon.

Camp Miami Villages, October 6, 1794. - Plenty and quietness the same as yesterday ; the volunteers engaged to work on the garrison, for which they are to receive three gills of whiskey per man per day; their employment is digging the ditch and filling up the parapet.

Camp Miami Villages , October 7, 1794 - The volunteers are soon tired of work and have refused to labor any longer; they have stolen and killed seventeen beeves in the course of these two days past.

Camp Miami Villages, October 8, 1794. - The troops drew but half rations of flour this day. The cavalry and other horses die very fast, not less than four or five per day.

Camp Miami Villages, October 11, 1794. - A Canadian (Rozelle) with a flag arrived this evening; his business was to deliver up three prisoners in exchange for his brother, who was taken on the 20th of August; he brings information that the Indians are in council with Girty and M'Kee near the Fort of Detroit ; that all the tribes are for peace except the Shawneese, who are determined to prosecute the war.

Camp Miami Villages, October 12, 1794 - The mounted volunteers of Kentucky marched for Greenville, to be mustered and dismissed the service of the United States army, they being of no further service therein.

Camp Miami Villages, October 15, 1794. - The Canadian that came in on the 11th left us this day accompanied by his brother; they have promised to furnish the garrison at Defiance with stores at a moderate price, which, if performed, will be a great advantage to the officers and soldiers of that post.

Camp Miami Villages, October 18, 1794. - Captains Springer and Brock, with all the pack-horses, marched with the cavalry this morning for Greenville and the infantry for Recovery, the latter to return with the f smallest delay with a supply of provisions for this post and Defiance.

Gamp Miami Villages, October 19, 1794. - This day the troops were not ordered for labor, being the first day for four weeks, and accordingly attended divine service.

Camp Miami Villages, October 20, 1794. - An express arrived this day with dispatches to the commander-in-chief; the contents are kept secret.

Camp Miami Villages, October 21, 1794. - This day were read the proceedings of a general court-martial, held on Lieutenant Charles Hyde (yesterday); was found not guilty of the charges exhibited against him, and was, therefore, acquitted.

Camp Miami Villages, October ; 22, 1794. - This morning at seven o'clock the following companies, under the command of Lieutenant- Colonel Commandant Hamtramck of the 1st sublegion, took possession of this place, viz.: Captain Kingsbury's 1st; Captain Greaton's 2d; Captain Spark's and Captain Reed's 3d; Captain Preston's 4th ; and Captain Porter's of artillery; and after firing fifteen rounds of cannon Colonel Hamtramck gave it the name of Fort Wayne.

Gamp Miami Villages, October 23, 1794. - The general fatigue of the garrison ended this day, and Colonel Hamtramck, with the troopsu nder his command, to furnish it as he may think fit.

This evening Captain Springer with the escort arrived with a supply of flour and salt. A Frenchman and a half Indian came to headquarters, but where they are from or their business we cannot learn, but that it is of a secret nature.

Camp Miami Villages, October 27, 1794. - Agreeable to general orders of this day, we will march for Greenville to-morrow morning at eight o'clock.

Camp nine miles from Fort Wayne, October 28, 1794. - The legion took up the line of march at nine o'clock, and arrived here without anything particular occurring.

Camp twenty-one miles from Fort Wayne, October 29, 1794. - The troops proceeded on their march at sunrise, and arrived on this ground at half past three o'clock; our way was through rich and well-timbered land ; the weather cold and much like rain.

Camp southwest side of St. Marys River , October 30, 1794. - The legion proceeded on their march at seven o'clock, and arrived here at sunset; continual heavy rain all day.

Camp Oirtys Town, October 31, 1794. - The troops took up their line of march at sunrise, and arrived here three hours after night, through heavy rain.

This describes the country from Fort Recovery to Big Beaver, and the bridging of that stream about five miles below Celina. This bridge was known to early settlers. Shane's Prairie is accurately described. The fort referred to was built on what is now Sec. 24, Dublin township, on land owned by the Palmers, about one-half mile up the run from the Mercer and Van Wert road. The site is overgrown, but traces of the fort are still visible. It was called Fort Adams, in honor of the Vice- President. At the end of twenty-one miles from Fort Adams the legion was within six miles of one of the Indian towns on the Auglaize, which was supposed to be the Upper Delaware Town ; but here the country was " exceedingly fine." This must have been near Fort Jennings. It was also seen that Wayne marched back over " Harmar's road." The camp on the southwest of the St. Marys is Shane's Crossings. The camp at Girtys Town is St. Marys. It is probable the march back from here to Greenville was by way of Loramie. This whole movement was characteristic of Wayne. He knew his enemy and how to contend with him. At the battles of Recovery the savages exhibited courage, secrecy, and skill. Wayne employed the same weapons until he was named the " Black Snake," " Mad Anthony," and " The Wind."

Let us glance at the incidents of the battle. At the confluence of the Maumee and Auglaize Rivers Fort Defiance was built, which became the centre of operations against the savages. From this post Gen. Wayne sent emissaries to invite the hostile nations to negotiate ; but the pride and rancor of the Indians prevented any favorable results. The Indian chief, Little Turtle, seemed to forebode the impending storm, and advised the acceptance of the terms offered. How truly did he characterize Gen. Wayne when he said "The Americans are now led by a chief who never sleeps - the night and the day are alike to him. Think well of it. There is something whispers to me it would be prudent to listen to his offers of peace."

At this time England, in defiance of her treaties with the United States, still maintained possession of various military posts in the west. A strong fort and garrison were established by her on United States territory near the Miami Rapids, and in that vicinity the main body of the Indian warriors, to the number of about two thousand, was encamped. Above and below the American camp the Miami and Auglaize, according to Gen. Wayne's dispatches, presented for miles the appearance of a single village, and rich cornfields spread on either side.

All negotiations proved futile, as the Indians were evidently bent on war, and only favored delay for the purpose of collecting their full force. Wayne, therefore, cautiously proceeded down the Miami, attacked the villages, and on the 20th of August, 1794, a terrible and decisive battle was fought in which the allied tribes were totally defeated and dispersed. The Indians were posted in a wood in front of the British works, which was inaccessible to the cavalry. They were drawn up in their lines so near as to support each other.

Gen. Wayne ordered the front of his army to advance with their bayonets, and drive the enemy from their hiding places, and then to deliver their fire, and press the fugitives so vigorously as not to allow them time to load. So rapid was the charge, and so entirely was the enemy broken by it, that in the course of one hour they were driven more than two miles through thick woods to within gunshot of the British fort. The fight terminated, directed by so experienced and skilful a leader as Gen. Wayne, under the guns of the British garrison. The woods were strewn for a considerable distance with the dead bodies of Indians and their white auxiliaries, the latter armed with British muskets and bayonets.

Gen. Wayne remained for three days in front of the field of battle, laying waste the houses and cornfields of the Indians. He then returned to Auglaize and destroyed the villages and corn within fifty miles of the river. He lost in the battle one hundred and seven men killed and wounded ; the loss of the Indians is unknown. This decisive victory was the closing of the wars with the Indians at that period in the United States. Other Indian nations became quiet and peaceable, and the power of the United States to restrain and punish their enemies had a decided influence on the future conduct of the Indian nations. By the 1st of January, 1795, the influence of Little Turtle and Buckongehelas, both of whom saw the folly of further resistance to the United States and the hopelessness of reliance upon England, commenced negotiations for peace, and on the 3d day of August, 1795, a grand treaty was concluded at Greenville, establishing the celebrated "Greenville Treaty Line." This treaty appears elsewhere in this volume. Gen. Wayne no doubt owed much of his success to the courage, skill, and fidelity of the remarkable force of scouts and spies which he had organized. Among them were famous names, McLean, Captain Wells, and Henry Miller; but chief was Captain Wells, who was taken prisoner by the Indians when young, had lived with them for years, had married the sister of Little Turtle, and was counted the bravest of their brave. He was present at the defeat of Harmar and St. Clair, but afterward, under an impulse to stand among his own people, he left the Miamis and joined the army of Wayne. During the war of 1812 he commanded at Fort Wayne, and fell in a desperate encounter with five hundred Pottawattamies, while marching with the Miamis and a small body of whites to the relief of Fort Dearborn.

Wayne awaited the arrival of the Indians at Greenville to negotiate a treaty of peace. Little Turtle and the Shawnees, "whose voice was always still for war," came in very slowly. They had more at stake than any other tribe. They had occupied all Southern Ohio - the Scioto, the Great Miami, and Mad River regions. From these beautifnl lands they had been driven back and back, and were now likely to lose all that remained to them. They came at length, and the treaty was made by which the Indians ceded certain "pieces of land," among which were one six miles square at or near Loramie's store, one piece two miles square at the head of the navigable water or landing on the St. Marys River near Girtys Town (St. Marys), one piece six miles square at the head of the navigable waters of the Auglaize River, one piece at the confluence of the Auglaize and Miami, six miles square (at Defiance), and one piece where " Fort Wayne now stands six miles square." These were called "posts." It has been observed that Little Turtle and Blue Jacket of the Shawnees came in to Greenville very tardily, but it must be said to their honor they proved true to the treaty to the last hour of their lives.

Little Turtle was a master spirit of the confederate Indians, with headquarters at " the Miami Towns," now Fort Wayne. He commanded the Shawnees at the defeat of Harmar, and was present at the assault upon Recovery. At the peace negotiations he had the double task of controlling the confederate chiefs and dealing with Gen. Wayne. His name occupies prominent rank in the pages of our Indian biography.

His grandfather, Anthony Wayne, was a native of Yorkshire, England, in 1681, and removed to Ireland, where he devoted himself to agriculture for several years. Entering the army of William of Orange against King James the Exile in 1690 he fought at the battle of the Boyne, and took part in the siege of Limerick, making himself quite serviceable to the State, for which he seems never to have been duly rewarded. Hence he became much dissatisfied with the general relations of his adopted country, and at the age of sixty-three he left Ireland for a voyage to America, and settled in Chester County, Pa., in 1722. He was distinguished for his devotion and attachment to the principles of civil and religious liberty, and held a captain's commission at the battle of the Boyne on July 1, 1690, between William III. at the head of the Protestant army, and James II. at the head of a Catholic and French force.

His son Anthony, the subject of this sketch, was born in the township of East Town, Chester County, Pa., January 1, 1745, and was highly respected for his talents, his morality, and his devotion to the interests of the colonies. He devoted his time to farming and surveying, and in 1767 married a daughter of Benjamin Primrose, Esq., of Philadelphia, a distinguished merchant in Philadelphia.

In 1774 . Anthony Wayne was elected a member of the Legislature, and in 1775 a member of the Committee of Public Safety. His distinguished talents, as well as the decided stand he took as a patriot and statesman, prepared the way for his future usefulness, more especially in advocating the noble stand which Pennsylvania took in the Revolution.

received from Congress a colonel's commission, and was elected colonel of the Fourth Regiment raised by order of Congress in Pennsylwania, the other three having been respectively assigned to Col. Arthur St. Clair, Col. John Shee, and Col. Robert Magan.

On March 16, 1776, the Committee of Safety appropriated two thousand pounds for the use of Col. Wayne's regiment in the service of the United Colonies.

At the opening of the campaign in 1776 Col. Wayne was ordered with his regiment to New York, and from thence to Canada, where he arrived in the latter part of June. He joined Gen. Sullivan's regiment, which was defeated at Three Rivers July 17, 1776. The command of the Northern army then devolved upon Gen. Gates, who marched to the aid of Gen. Washington, leaving Gen. Wayne in command of the post at Ticonderoga. He was esteemed for his conduct and bravery and was commissioned a brigadier-general.

In June, 1777, after the retreat of the British from Philadelphia, Gen. Wayne's and Morgan's corps were the two successful ones which pursued the enemy, and were complimented by Gen. Washington in his report to Congress.

At the battle of Paoli, September 2, 1777, he was driven from his position by Gen. Gray's army with fixed bayonets, and by his conduct on that occasion Gen. Wayne proved himself to be a brave, active, and energetic officer. A marble monument has been erected to perpetuate the memory of the gallant officers and soldiers who fell on that occasion.

On October 4, 1777, Gen. Wayne signalized himself at the battle of Germantown by leading his men into action. He had one horse shot under him and another as he was mounting. So intrepid and daring was he that he received the appellation of Mad Anthony, and is familiarly known as such.

of night, leaving Gen. Wayne's army to bury two hundred and fortyfive of his soldiers, besides taking charge of a large number of the wounded.

July 15, 1779, Gen. Washington resolved to attack Stony Point , and committed the issue to Gen. Wayne. The fort was garrisoned by six hundred men, principally Highlanders, under Lieut.-Col. Johnson. The brave and intrepid Wayne at the head of his troops, with their muskets unloaded and fixed bayonets, surprised and took the garrison, numbering five hundred and fifty-three prisoners.

Congress presented him with a gold medal , emblematical of this glorious victory - for the wisdom and magnanimity which he displayed in conducting so wonderful a military enterprise. While Congress thus rewarded their. General, the soldiers were not forgotten for their bravery, for the stores which were taken at the garrison were divided among them.

On October 17, 1781, when Lord Cornwallis and his army surrendered at Yorktown, Gen. Wayne assisted by his strategetical genius, which never failed him in the most untoward situation.

Gen. Washington, after Cornwallis's surrender, sent Gen. Wayne to Georgia, and so awe-inspiring were his record and his acts, that the enemy's forces succumbed, and he succeeded in establishing peace, security, and order. For his valuable services the State of Georgia presented him with a valuable farm in their State.

In July, 1783, after an absence of seven years, Gen. Wayne returned to his native State and to civil life, crowned, ns he well deserved, with the blessings of the nation, and in 1784 was elected a member of the General Assembly from Chester County, and served for two sessions. He again retired to private life, but in 1789 he was brought before the public, but not as a soldier ; he was elected a member of the Council of Censors, and afterwards of the Pennsylvania Convention, and advocated the adoption of the Federal Constitution, in which duties he acquitted himself with marked ability and to the entire satisfaction of the people.

Gen. Wayne was nominated by President Washington, in the month of April, 1792, to the command of the army of the United States, and thereby succeeded Gen. St. Clair. Gen. Wayne waited patiently at Pittsburgh, his headquarters, from 1792 to August, 1793, for negotiations to take place with the Indians ; but every effort failed, and about September 1, 1793, he formed an encampment on the banks of the Ohio River between Mill Creek and the then village of Cincinnati, where the troops were drilled and instructed in military duties adapted to the peculiar service they were about to encounter.

Congress increased the army under Gen. Wayne with five thousand men, and with this increased force he set out on his march August 8, 1793, and advanced from his headquarters at "Hobson's Choice," near Fort Washington, on October 6, 1793, to the southwest branch of the Great Miami, within six miles of Fort Jefferson, and about a month subsequently established his headquarters at Fort Greenville , in the vicinity of what is now the town of Greenville, Darke County, Ohio, which fort was built by him about the period of his arrival at that point. Here with his fort properly fortified, and devoting his time and attention to the military instruction of his officers and men, he remained till the midsummer of 1794. While thus engaged a body of sixteen hundred mounted volunteers, on July 26, 1794, from Kentucky, arrived, under the command of Maj.-Gen. Scott. We now retrace our history to the 23d of December, 1793, when Gen. Wayne gave orders for the erection of a fort on the site of St. Clair's defeat in 1791, and for that purpose ordered Major Henry Burbeck, with eight companies of infantry and a detachment of artillery, to proceed to the ground, whither the soldiers arrived, executed the order of Gen. Wayne, and the fort was appropriately called "Fort Recovery."

On July 28, 1794, the army began its march upon the Indian villages along the Maumee. On this march, some twenty-four miles to the north of Fort Recovery, Gen. Wayne had built and garrisoned a small post which he called Fort Adams. From this point, on the 4th of August, the army moved toward the confluence of the Auglaize and Maumee Rivers, where they arrived on the 8th of August. At this point a strong

On August 14 Gen. Wayne wrote to the Secretary of War: "I have the honor to inform you that the army under my command took possession of this very important post on the morning of the 8th instant - the enemy on the preceding evening having abandoned all their settlements, towns, and villages with such apparent marks of surprise and precipita. tion as to amount to a positive proof that our approach was not discovered by them until the arrival of a Mr. Newman, of the quartermastergeneral's department, who deserted from the army near St. Marys. I had made such demonstration as to induce the savages to expect our advance by the route of the Miami villages to the left, or toward Roche de Brute, or foot of the Rapids by the right - which feints appear to have produced the desired effect, by drawing the attention of the enemy to these points, and gave an opening for the army to approach undiscovered by a devious, i. e., in a central direction. Thus we have gained possession of the grand emporium of the hostile Indians of the West without loss of blood."

On August 15, 1794, Gen. Wayne moved his forces towards the foot of the Rapids, and erected a fort, which he called Fort Deposit , for the reception of stores, baggage, and the better to reconnoitre the enemy's ground, which lay behind a thick bushy wood and the British fort, which was called by them Fort Miami , at the foot of the Rapids about seven miles from Fort Deposit, and stood on the northwest bank of the Maumee River near where Maumee City now stands.

Gen. Wayne erected and finished Fort Deposit, not only to protect his provisions and baggage, but because from this point he could the more readily reconnoitre the enemy's position at the foot of the Rapids. The British fort, Fort Miami, contained 250 British regulars and 210 militia, with four nine-pounders, two large howitzers, and six six-pounders, which were mounted in the fort, with two swivels. This fort had been recently constructed, contrary to the treaty with Great Britain, and within -the limits of the United States.

From Gen. Wayne's report to the Secretary of War (Gen. Verux), we learn that at eight o'clock on the morning of the 20th of August, 1794, the army, under his command, advanced in columns, agreeably to the standing order of -march - the legion on the right, its flank covered by the Maumee, one brigade of mounted volunteers on the left under Gen. Todd, and the other in the rear under Gen. Barbee. A second battalion of mounted volunteers, commauded by Major Price, marched in front of the legion, so as to give timely notice for the troops to form in case of action.

This corps was attacked after marching nearly five miles, and received so hot a fire from the enemy, who were concealed in the high grass and woods, as to compel it to fall back. Then the army was formed into two lines by Gen. Wayne in a close, thick wood, while the Indians were drawn up in three lines near enough to support each other at right angles with the river. Gen. Wayne, in his official correspondence, says: "I soon discovered from the weight of fire and extent of their lines that the enemy were in full force in front, in possession of their favorite ground, and endeavoring to turn our left flank. I gave orders to the second line to advance, and directed Maj.-Gen. Scott to gain and turn the right flank of the Indians with the mounted volunteers by a circuitous route. At the same time I ordered the front line to advance with trailed arms and rouse the Indians from their coverts at the point of the bayonet, and when up to deliver a close and well-directed fire on their backs, so as not to give time to load again." Gen. Wayne also commanded the legionary cavalry to turn the left flank of the enemy next the river, and which aflorded a favorable field for that corps to act in. All orders were obeyed with spirit and prompitude, but such was the impetuosity of the charge of the first line of infantry, that the Indians and Canadian militia and volunteers were driven from their coverts in so short a time that, although every exertion was used by the officers of the second line of the legion and by Gens. Scott, Todd, and Barbee of the mounted volunteers to gain their proper position, yet but a part of each could get up in season to participate in the action - the enemy being driven , in the course of one hour, more than two miles through the thick woods already mentioned, by less than one-half their number.

and the United States troops actually engaged against them were short of nine hundred. This horde of savages with their allies abandoned themselves to flight, and dispersed with terror and dismay, leaving Gen. Wayne's victorious army in full and quiet possession of the field of battle, which terminated under the influence of the British garrison, Fort Miami, at the foot of the Rapids.

This victory was followed by the treaty of Greenville , which commenced June 16 and lasted to August 20, 1195, and which the reader will find at length in the chapter on Indian treaties.

The question has often been discussed whether Tecumseh, the Indian chief, was at the council the night before the battle, and participated in all the events of that disastrous campaign of the Indians and their allies.

We shall give the testimony of Anthony Shane, who was present on that occasion, who states that Tecumseh led a party of Shawanees in the attack upon the army of Gen. Wayne! That it was in this engagement that Tecumseh first encountered Gen. Harrison, then a lieutenant. That the chief occupied an advance position in the battle, and while attempting to load his rifle he put in a bullet before the powder and was thus unable to use his gun. Being at this moment pressed in front by some infantry, he fell back with his party till they met another detachment of Indians. Tecumseh urged them to stand fast and fight, saying if any one would lend him a gun, he would show them how to use it. A fowling-piece was handed to him with which he fought for some time, till the Indians were again compelled to give ground. While falling back he met another party of Shawanees, and although the whites were pressing on them he rallied the Indians and induced them to make a stand in a thicket. When the infantry had pressed close upon them, and had discharged their muskets into the bushes, Tecumseh and his party returned the fire and then retreated till they had joined the main body of the Indians below the rapids of the Maumee.

Of the killed and wounded in this engagement, according to the report of Gen. Wayne, the regular troops lost twenty-six killed and thirteen wounded, and nine regulars and two volunteers died of their wounds before the 28th of August. The loss of the enemy was more than twice that of the army under Wayne, as the woods were strewn for a considerable distance with the dead bodies of Indians.

Gen. Wayne remained three days and nights on the banks of the Maumee in front of the field of battle, during which time all the houses and cornfields of the enemy were consumed and destroyed for a considerable distance both above and below Fort Miami. Upon August 27 the army started upon its return march for Fort Defiance, laying waste the villages and cornfields for a distance of some fifty miles along the Maumee.

The army reached Fort Defiance the 14th of September, 1794, and after fortifying the fort substantially they left on the 17th for the Miami village, where they arrived the next day. The history of events will be seen from Wayne's daily journal from September 18 to October 22, 1794, when Gen. Wayne having completed his work, at the point now bearing his name, Lieut.-Col. Hamtramck assumed command of the fort, and after firing fifteen rounds of cannon he gave it the name of Fort Wayne.

Gen. Wayne, having defeated all the Indian tribes, the history of which we have given in the chapter on Indian wars, concluded a treaty with them at Greenville in 1796, he being appointed sole commissioner to treat with the Northwestern Indians, and also received the military posts given up by the British government. Ho embarked in a schooner at Detroit for his home in Chester County, Pa., and had only proceeded ay far as Erie when he was taken ill and died suddenly from an attack of the gout December 15, 1796, in the 51st year of his age, in the Block House. His dying words were to bury him "at the foot of the flagstaff," with the inscription A. W., and his command was obeyed.

The highest eulogium we can pronounce upon so distinguished a soldier, a patriot, a hero, and a citizen is that he was a man of true courage and remarkable foresight - that he perilled his life for his country and shielded its inhabitants from the murderous tomahawk. He established her boundaries, by compelling her enemies to sue for peace, and he beheld his country advancing step by step in the mechanical arts and intel lectual sciences, and also becoming powerful in arms.

Soldier And Patriot

It does not appear that any military movements worthy of notice took place during the winter of 1794-95. The General, however, was pressing his appeal on the War Department to reinforce his army, and was engaged in watching the movements of the enemy, and bringing every influence within his power to operate on their minds in favor of peace. He appealed to their hopes and their fears. He availed himself of the influence of the chiefs who were friendly to the United States, and of such as were indisposed to continue the war, by which he distracted their council, kept their minds in a vacillating state, and prevented them from agreeing on any plan of operation of a warlike character. Whether he had succeeded in concealing from them the reduced state of his army, which was producing great fear at headquarters, was not known, though it was believed that a knowledge of that fact would operate as a strong temptation to the savages to try the fate of another battle.

Their number had not been materially reduced, while the strength of the American army had been very greatly diminished by sickness and death, and by the expiration of the term of enlistment of many of the Legion, and of the discharge of the Kentucky volunteers. The fact, however, fortunately was, let the cause of it be what it might, that the British officers and agents, with all the influence they were able to exert, could not stimulate the Indians to recommence hostilities. They had acquired some knowledge of the population and strength of the United States, and of their own utter inability to resist it. Some of them were made to understand that the white people were so numerous that they could bring into the field fifty warriors to their one; and that, sooner or later, they must be destroyed if the contest was continued. Though this impression was not general, it occupied the minds of a sufficient number of the more intelligent and influential chiefs and warriors to disappoint the hopes and frustrate the plans of Simcoe and his associates.

The Indians were evidently divided in opinion, as to the course they ought to pursue. A majority were disposed to continue the war, but were afraid the British agents would not redeem their pledges, by which they might be again defeated. They remembered the solemn promises of co-operation which had been made to them in times past. They recollected that when the fort was built at the foot of the Rapids they were told it was intended for their protection, and as a place of refuge to which they might retreat should they be unexpectedly defeated by the American troops. They knew, also, that in violation of those assurances the gates of that strong fortress had been shut against them after their defeat on the 20th of August, and that neither chief nor warrior was permitted to enter it.

Some of the chiefs were decidedly in favor of commencing a negotiation for peace without further delay; while others, under the influence of ambition and pride, had partly determined to abandon the countiy, and remove their families to the Mississippi, rather than submit to the humiliation of suing for peace. This diversity of feeling and opinion, produced in part by the judicious measures pursued by General Wayne, accomplished in the end the great object he had in view from the beginning.

It did not require the spirit of prophecy to foresee that, if a diversity of opinion could be produced and kept tip among the tribes, and their minds could be continued in a vacillating state, no serious immediate danger was to be apprehended. This proved to be the case, for although they were in a state of great excitement they remained quiet during the winter and spring; and early in June began to collect at Greenville, apparently without any previous agreement or concert, and as they severally arrived gave notice that they had come to negotiate a peace.

On the 16th of June a considerable number of Delawares, Ottawas, Pottawattamies, and Eel River Indians having arrived, the General caused them to be assembled on that day, and for the first time met them in general council. After they had received and smoked the calumet of peace, he rose and thus addressed them: -

I take you all by the hand, as brothers, assembled for the good work of peace. I thank the Great Spirit for this glorious bud, who appears to rejoioe at our meeting; and also for permitting so many of us to assemble here this day, being the first of the moon, for the purpose of bolding a treaty. The Great Spirit has favored us with a olear sky, and a refreshing breeze for the happy occasion. I have cleared this ground of all brush and rubbish, and have opened roads to the east, the west, the north, and the sonth, that all your nations may come in safety and with ease to meet me. The ground on which this oounoil-house stands is unstained with blood, and is pure as the heart of General Washington, the great ohief of America, and of his great council - as pure as my heart, which now wishes for nothing so much as peace and brotherly love. 1 have this day kindled the oouncil-fire of the United States; and I now deliver to each tribe present a string of white wampum, to serve as a reoord of the friendship this day commenoed between us. [Wampum delivered.]

The heavens are bright, the roads are open, we will rest in peace and love, and wait the arrival of our brothers. In the interim we will have a little refreshment to wash the dust from our throats - we will, on this happy ocoasion, be merry, but without passing the bounds of temperance and sobriety. We will now oover np the eounoil-fire, and keep it alive till the remainder of the different tribes assemble and form a full meeting and representation.

Our meeting this day affords me infinite pleasure. I thank the Great Spirit, and I thank you, for bestowing on ns so great a happiness. All my people shall be informed of the commencement of our friendship, and they will rejoioe in it, and I hope it will never end. [A string of white wampum.]

On the next day, June 17th, forty Pottawattamies arrived and had audience. New Com, one of the old chiefs, addressed the General and said : -

I have come here on the good work of peace. Ho other motive oould have induced me to undertake so long a journey as I have now performed in my advanced age and infirm state of health. I oome from Lake Miobigan. I hope after onr treaty is over yon will exchange onr old medals and supply ns with General Washington's. My young men will no longer adhere to the old ones - they wish for the new. They have thrown off the British, and henceforth will view the Americans as their only true friends. We oome with a good heart, and hope yon will supply us with provisions.

I give you all a hearty weloome. I am particularly pleased with the appearance of so venerable a man as New Com. Tou, young warriors, will, I am pursuaded, pay the highest respect to the counsels of this aged ohief. Your friend, The Sun, a Pottawattamie ohief, will tell yon that yesterday we kindled the oounoil-fire - that the roads are all olear, and that we only wait the arrival of the other expected chiefs to begin the good work.

You must be fatigued ; I will not, therefore, detain you at present You will be supplied with provisions and some drink to refresh you and to make your hearts glad.

On the 21st of June, Buck-on-ge-he-las with a party of Delawares, and Asi-me-the with a party of Pottawattamies arrived, and were received in the council house.

Brothers, listen 1 We are here met by permission of the Great Spirit. Our forefathers used soft cloths to dry up their tears; we use this wampum, and hope by its influence to do away all past misfortunes. We have now opened onr eyes and our ears, and hope to settle all difficulties. [A white string.]

I have nothing to observe. Our grandfathers, the Delawares, have said what is necessary. Excuse my not presenting you with wampum. Why should we, elder brother, be of a different opinion from our grandfathers, the Delawares I The Great Spirit has been equally kind to ns in this meeting. You see us all here. You sent for ns. The remainder of us are dead or incapable of ooming to see you. In oomplianoe with your requisition for the surrender of prisoners, and as a proof of onr sincere wishes for peace, I now present you two, all who are in our possession.

Brothers! I take yon all by the hand and weloome yon to Greenville. The great oounoil-fire has already been kindled, and the oalumet of peace has been smoked by the different nations who are here. This old chief, Te-ta-boksh-ke, has witnessed and joined In the solemn aot in the presence of the Great Spirit.

We have raked up the fire until the chiefs generally assemble. Last night I had accounts from the Wyandots of Sandusky and Detroit, and all the Indians in that quarter. This day they rise upon their feet to oome and join in council with ns. The roads being all clear they will arrive witbont difficulty in ten days. We will then add fresh wood to our fire, whose pure flame shall be seen from the rising to the setting sun. We will postpone entering on business until that period. In the mean time I will give yon, my brothers, what will make your hearts glad. I have already given wampum to all the tribes present. I now present you with a little more to evince that my mind and heart are always the same. [Wampnm.]

Le Gris merely observed that he was very happy to see the General ; that he had nothing particular to say at that time. He wished to encamp and prepare for bad weather, and added that the Miamis were united with him in.friendly sentiments and wishes for peace.

I feel much satisfaction in taking yon all by the hand. My pleasure is equally great with yours in this interview. The conncil-fire was kindled in this house on the first day of this moon. We oovered it .up and have preserved it clear waiting for your arrival, and the appearance of our brothers, the Wyandots, Shawanees, and a part of the Five Nations among ns; they are now three days on their way hither. I will not detain you ; you mnst require rest, and I will order you to be provided with proper refreshments. This belt testifies the sincerity of the weloome with which I receive yon. [A belt.]

Brothers 1 I take yon all by the hand. I have invited you to this meeting to inform you of some measures I have taken for yonr convenience. I now give yon np my exterior redoubts to accommodate the different nations with oounoil houses. My people have all come in from them, and you will allot them among yon as you may think proper. I take this opportunity to make you acquainted with some customs we observe. On firing the evening gun all onr men repair to their quarters. I wish your people to aot in the same manner. I am persuaded you will peroeive the propriety of this measure. If you find any of my foolish yonng men troubling yonr camp after that signal, I will thank you to tie them and send them to me. I wish to preserve good order and harmony.

I will now explain what yesterday might have had a strange appearanoe. It is a standing rule in our armies upon any alarm or aooident whatever, for our warriors to repair instantly to their posts. 1 mention this to you to prevent for the future any misapprehension. It is by my invitation you are here ; and I stand pledged for your safety and security. It is also our praotiod to parade our men morning and evening, and call every man by bis name. An accident occurred yesterday in tbe explosion of some of our fireworks. It will have no other effect than to delay for a few days tbe exhibition intended for tbe 4th of July, tbe anniversary of the independence of America. I have nothing more to mention to you at this time. I call yon together merely to acquaint you with these things, to repeat my sentiments of regard, and my care for you ; and to assnre you, again, that you may rest as easy, and are as safe here, as if you were in your own villages. Tbe council-fire remains covered till the arrival of the rest of our brothers. General Washington and his great council have sent you large presents, the arrival of which I expect about the same time. Tour friends Ontu, tbe Quakers, have also sent you a message, and some small presents as a token of their regard for you.

Elder brother 1 I thank you in the name of all the Ottawas, Chippeways, and Pottawattamies, for what you have this day told us. It is all very right and good.

I have never yet, in a public capacity told a lie. Tou will not be deceived by placing the utmost confidence in what I shall tell you. I again repeat, that your own towns and villages could not afford you greater liberty, safety, and security, than you will enjoy, while you choose to remain with me.

On the 26th of June, thirty-four Chippewas, and Pottawattamies, arrived. Mi-chi-mang, a Pottawattamie, said to the General, that as soon as they heard his words, they rose to come and see him. He said they had no old chiefs, or they would have come, on this great occasion - " they are all dead." He further observed that they came in expectation of being supplied with provisions to refresh them after their fatigue.

Brotherl I have oome this day only to see you. The other chiefs present have no other object than to partake of the same pleasure. I hope everything hitherto has been satisfactory to you. I now express our perfect satisfaction.

Our young warriors are glad to meet and see you and yonr warriors, and I hope no suspicions have existed with either. You have told us we should share yonr provisions, whilst we staid with you; and in consequence, we depend on receiving what you have promised. The chiefs present are all happy in the belief of. their perfect safety; and I am pursuaded the other chiefs, when they arrive will be equally satisfied with their situation. When brothers meet, they always experience pleasure. As it is a cool day, we hope you will give us some drink. You promised to treat us well, and we expect to be treated as warriors. We wish you to give your brothers a glass of wine; and we should like some mutton and pork, occasionally. I hope you will be pleased with this visit.

I agree perfectly in sentiment with my brother Le Gris. I hope you will comply with his request. Our hearts are sorry and afflicted, to see the graves of onr brothers, who fell here last winter.

When I came to your house, you told me I should have what I wanted. We get but a small allowance - we eat in the morning, and are hungry at night. The days are long - we have nothing to do, we beoome uneasy and wish for home.

I am pleased to see you all here, and happy to find you think yourselves secure in this camp. I wish you to think yourselves perfectly at home. The chiefs who are on their way, I am persuaded, will also think themselves safe when they arrive. They are. now tea days on their journey towards ns, and we may, with certainty, expect them. I have received a speech from their nations to that effect. Blue Jacket comes by the Miami villages. The others may arrive by a different route.

You say, that when you came here, I promised you plenty; it is my wish and intention that you should have enough. The Sun alone oomplains of scarcity. I wish you to consult together generally, and let me know if you really do not receive enough. Pork we have none. The few sheep we have are for the comfort of our sick, and occasionally for our officers. Your sick shall most cheerfully share with mine, and I will, with pleasure share with your ohiefs. New Corn has observed that your hearts were troubled for the loss of your brothers who died here last winter. Grief is unavailing, and ought not to be indulged. I will give the chiefs of each nation present a sheep for their nse, and some drink for themselves and their people this afternoon to make their hearts glad and to dry up their tears. At present we will have a glass of wine together - I wish to see you all happy and contented.

Brothers! I take you all by the hand with that strong hold with which brothers ought to salute each other. To-morrow will be the anniversary of the day which gave peace, happiness, and independence to America - to-morrow all the people of the fifteen fires, with shouts of joy, and peals of artillery, will celebrate the period which gave them freedom. Nineteen times have the United States already haiied the return of that auspicious morn. To-morrow we shall for the twentieth time salute the return of that happy day, rendered still more dear by the brotherly union between the Americans and the red people. To-morrow, all the people within these lines will rejoice. You, my brothers, shall also rejoioe in your respective encampments.

I oall you together to explain these matters. Bo not, therefore, be alarmed at the report of our big guns. They will do no harm - they will be the harbingers of peace and gladness, and their roar will ascend into the heavens. The flag of the United States, and the colors of this Legion shall be given to the wind, to be fanned by its gentle breeze, in honor of the birthday of American freedom. I will now show you our colors, that you may know them to-morrow. Formerly they were displayed as ensigns of war and battle ; now they will be exhibited as emblems of peace and happiness. This eagle, you see, holds his arrows close, while he stretches forth, as a more valuable offering, the olive branch of peace. The Great Spirit seems disposed to incline ns all for the future to repose under its grateful shade, and wisely enjoy the blessings which attend it.

Elder brother! I have heard yonrwords, and have received great pleasure from them. I never make long speeches; what I have to say, I say in a few words. Look at your warriors around you, and view ours. Does it not give you pleasure to see us all met here in brotherly love!

Elder brother! You niay believe what I say, and what I am going to say. As we are here on good business, our hearts must dictate what onr tongues express. Tbe Great Spirit knows when we speak truth, and punishes falsehood. As you have told us, we are to rejoioe. I have a favor to ask of you, compliance with which will prepare our hearts for the occasion. We would wish to rescue from denth, two of your young warriors, whom we brought in to you, who, as we hear, are to die. I entreat you in the name of all present to spare their lives, and pray you to indulge us in thiB respect. [A white and blue string.]

Elder brotherl I thank you for having kindly explained to us what will take place to-morrow. Our young men shall all be informed of it. We thank you for your atten-> tion to us. We will sincerely rejoice in the happy oocasion.

Brothers 1 I have considered your request, respecting the two warriors condemned to die. I will now answer you. The two men condemned to death, are not those whom you brought to me ; but two very bad men, from another quarter. I desire this good man (Dr. Jones the Chaplain) to prepare the minds of these men for the awful change they are about to experience. We put no man to death, without giving him time to repent, and to whiten his heart. The lives of the two men whom you brought in, although very culpable, are now granted to your humane entreaties. That you may all remember that the Americans rejoice to-morrow, and on every succeeding anniversary of it, I present each nation with a string of white wampum. We will now retire and hope to-morrow's dawn may be propitious. [Wampum.]

On the 4th of July, A-goosh-a-way, and twenty-three Ottawas, from the vicinity of Detroit, arrived and had audience. The General addressed them : -

Brothers! I take you all by the hand. I am happy to see you. You must be hungry and dry. I will order you refreshments to make your hearts glad. The hearts of your brothers are also made glad this day. I will no longer detain you from taking that repose of which you seem to stand in so much need. >1 deliver this string as a proof of my happiness in seeing you. [A white string.]

Brother ! Those nations who are now represented at this meeting are probably all you may reasonably expect. As for the Shawanees, and Wyandots of Detroit, I do not believe they will come. I frequently told them they ought to advance without hesitation, but they still continue irresolute, and hover around their enemies the British. I cannot discover the motives which actuate the Wyandots. The Six Nations sent two letters prevailing on me to await their junction; but finding they delayed, and suspecting their sincerity, I came away without waiting long for them.

Younger brothers! I take you all by the hand, and welcome you to this council-fire. Viewing the number of nations who last winter signed the preliminary artioles, I perceive all are present, except the Wyandots of Sandusky, and the Shawanees. It is now twentyfive days since the oouncil-fire was kindled at this place. It has continued to burn bright; and it has happily dissipated the clouds, which have hung over the people of Sandusky. They now see that the sky is clear and serene ; that the roads are open, and free of thorns. Four runners arrived from them last evening, to announce to me, the near approach of all the ohiefs of the Wyandots, and others of Sandusky. The intelligence which these messengers have brought to me, is this : That the dark cloud which enveloped the Shawanees in the neighborhood of the British posts, (for that, my brother, is a very oloudy place), has also been dispelled ; that they have at length awoke from their intoxicated slumber, and are now on their feet coming to this place. They, and the Wyandots, etc., of Sandusky, may be expeoted to arrive here in the course of three days. The question then is : 8hall we now name the day on which to begin the great and good work, or shall we wait the arrival of those chiefs, and have their united voice on the subject? This is all I shall propose at present until I hear your respective opinions.

The Little Turtle made some remarks to the other chiefs, on the General's speech, and gave them some reasons why the fixing of the day should be postponed.

Elder brother 1 1 am muoh obliged to you for requiring our opinions on this matter. 'Tis true, as the Little Turtle has observed to us, that we have been here a long time waiting; but it will be best to remain contented a few days longer that we may begin the good work all together. I now present you our pipe, and hope that you and your warriors will smoke it.

Elder brother! You see that all your chiefs as well as ours, have smoked out of this calumet of peace; and the Great Spirit is well pleased to see it. The oalumet does not now speak; it remains silent until the arrival of our brothers who are on their way.

Younger brother 1 Twenty-live days ago the calumet of peace of the fifteen fires, of the United States, was smoked in this house. It did not then speak; and it yet remains silent. I am pleased to hear you all conour in opinion with the Little Turtle, that we should wait the arrival of our brothers, the Wynndots and Shawanees. I, therefore, propose that we shall meet again at this place on Monday next.

On Monday, July 13th, at the request of the Wyandot chiefs, who arrived on the 12th, and others, the meeting proposed for that day, was postponed until Wednesday the 15th, some necessary regulations among them not having been decided on.

Pbociidisos Ik Full Council

On Wednesday, July 15th, the council assembled agreeably to adjournment Present, the chiefs of the Wyandots, Delawares, Ottawas, Chippeways, Pottawattamies, Miamis, and Wabash tribes. The council being opened, and the council-fire uncovered, interpreters were sworn in; after which the General addressed the Indians thus: -

Younger brothers 1 These interpreters whom you have now seen sworn, have oalled the Great Spirit to witness that they will faithfully interpret all the speeches made by me to you, and by you to me ; and the Great Spirit will punish them severely hereafter, if they do not religiously fulfil their sacred promise.

This is the calumet of peace of the fifteen fires of the United States of America. I shall first present it to The Soldier (Wabash tribe), who first took us by the hand, as I do not know yet which nation among you is in future to have the precedence. The next were the Wyandots, who oame forward last fall, early ; the next were the Ottawas, Chippeways, Pottawattamies, and Sauckeys ; and the next were the Delawares.

Younger brothers ! All the chiefs and warriors of the different nations present ! I now take you all by the hand. It was my wish to have waited for the arrival of the Shawanees, Wyandots of Detroit, and some Chippeways, who, I learn, are on their way ; but as it is the desire of the chiefs present, to commence the business generally, I will now show them by what authority I hold this treaty.

Treaties made by all nations on this earth ought to be held sacred and binding, between the contracting parties ; hence, it is the practice, to commission certain persons with powers to make and oonclude stipulated artioles of treaties accordingly. These books contain treaties which have been held with all the Indian nations in North America, and show what has been said and done at each, without the smallest alteration. In the first place, this is a commission, appointing me commander-in-chief of the American Legion, presented to me by General Washington and the fifteen fires, three years sinoe. On the 4th day of April, 1794, 1 received a commission from the same authority for settling a peace with all the tribes of Indians northwest of the Ohio. (Here the General read the renewal of his powers as commissioner to treat with the Indians.)

Having thus produced my authority, given me by General Washington, and the fifteen fires, I will now proceed to review the preliminary articles which we mutually entered into and exchanged during the past winter.

Younger brothers 1 Open your ears and listen to the questions asked me by the Wyandots of Sandusky, on the 26th of September last. This was the voice of the Wyandots and other tribes of Sandusky. "Brother! Bring forth from the bottom of your heart, yonr sentiments respecting making a definite treaty of peace, and upon what terms. We shall deliver our prayers daily to the Great Spirit above, our Maker, that he will open your hearts and sentiments to us." This was a strong and serious question upon which the happiness of the United States and the Indian nations mutually depended. The answer made to that question required some explanations which are tedious, and do not seem at present neoessary to be repeated ; but I will read that part which explains the principles upon which a pesos could take place.

" Brothers ! You desire me to bring forth from the bottom of my heart, my sentiments respecting a peace, and upon what terms it could be obtained.

" Brothers ! 1 now call upon you to exert your utmost powers of attention, and listen to wbat I say to you. It is now near six years since the chiefs of the Wyandots, Delawares, Ottawas, Chippeways, Pottawattamies, and Sao nations, concluded a treaty at the mouth of the Muskingum, with Governor St Clair, for removing all causes of controversy and settling the boundary between them and the United States. That treaty appeared to be founded upon principles of equity and justice, and to be perfectly satisfactory to all parties at that time. I therefore propose that treaty, as a foundation for a lasting treaty of peace, between the United States, and your nations of Indians. Should you have any well-grounded objections to these principles and to this proposition, come forward and speak yonr minds freely ; and rest assured of a sincere welcome and safe conduct in coming hither and returning to your homes. From your friend and brother, Ahthoht Wains."

This was my answer to'the Wyandots. They are here present and can testify to the truth of it In consequence of this answer, the Ottawas, Chippeways, Pottawattamies, Sauckeys, Miamis, Delawares, and Shawanees, came forward and signed these preliminary articles of which you have all, respectively, oopies. Having now shown you that I stand here in the place of General Washington, and represent the fifteen fires of America, and having shown the manner in which this happy meeting came about by an explanation, first from the Wyandots, whose good example was followed by the other nations, I shall forbear to say more, as the day is far spent, but to request you to consider what I have said.

Brothers! I wish you all dearly to understand that we have progressed so far in the good work, as to explain these preliminary steps. I would advise you to appropriate two or three days, to revolve, coolly and attentively, these matters, and those which will naturally follow them. I take you all by the hand. We will now rake up the counoilfire, and as we have talked a long time, we must be dry, and have a little drink.

Brother! We have beard and considered what you have said to us. You have shown, and we have seen, your power to treat with us. I came here for the purpose of hearing you. I suppose it to be your wish that peace should take place throughout the world. When we hear you say so, we will be prepared to answer you. You have told me that the present treaty should be founded upon that of Muskingum. I beg leave to observe to you, that, that treaty was effected, altogether, by the Six Nations, who seduoed some of our young men to attend it, together with a few of the Chippeways, Wyandots, Ottawas, Delawares, and Pottawattamies. I beg leave to tell you that I am entirely ignorant of what was done at that treaty. I hope those who held it, may give you their opinions, whether or not, it was agreeable to them.

Brother ! The Master of Life had pity on me when he permitted me to come and take you first by the hand. With the same hand and heart I then possessed, I now salute you. When I gave you my band, you said, " I thank you, and am glad to take your band, Pottawattamie ;" and you thanked the other Indians also, and told them you had opened a road for them to come and see you. When I got this belt from the Americans, they told me the roads were open and dear, and that no obstruction should prevent our coming to see you. I was happy when you gave me the road [a belt], and so are we all, for we have all travelled it. I hope it will remain free of bushes and thorns, as long as Americans and Indians live. You yourself, have told me it should be so, and that this (meaning the olive branch, held by the eagle) was a leaf of that great tree, under whose shade we, and all our posterity should repose in safety and happiness.

Elder brother ! We have followed the road you gave us in safety. I now present it to your view, as your gift, [presenting a road-belt, with the eagle of the United States attached.]

Brothers of the different nations present ! Listen to what onr elder brother tells us, with attention. I am satisfied it is the truth. Listen to me also, elder brother 1 Last winter I heard your words when you stretohed your hands to us, and asked us to come and see you. I never heard before, what The Sun has been observing. When I heard what yon said last winter I took you by the hand, and now when I returned, I found your gates open to receive me, and that you told me the truth. I was then deputed by the chiefs of my nations to hear your words, and am happy that they are now convinced of the truth of them. You now also find the truth of my words; that I then came only to carry back your words, and the other chiefs would come to see you. You now see them present, the representatives of their nations. Here are the chiefs of the Ottawas, Chippeways, and Pottawattamies. We three are faithful allies, and one of ns speaks for the whole, when in oounoil. The words you spoke last winter, are fresh on my memory. I know nothing of the treaty in question, which took plaoe at Muskingum. The people who made it are present, and will be able to speak of it My remote situation, on Lake Michigan, prevented me from being acquainted with it.

Brothers of all nations present, listen 1 Elder brother 1 I don't think it proper to select any particular nation to speak for the whole. You have kindled the council-fire. I wish you to determine wbat nation shall speak, and appoint a day when we shall all be collected, and when those who are on their way shall have joined us.

Brothers! I hare paid very great attention to what has been observed by the Miamis, Pottawattamies, Chippeways, and Wyandots, and the day after to-morrow I will endeavor to explain fully the treaty of Muskingum of which so many plead ignoranoe. I will bring to the recollection of the Wyandots, Delawares, Ottawas, Chippeways, Pottawattamies, and Sac Nations, what they did at that treaty, and show them anew, their names who witness it. There are some Chippeways approaching, who, perhaps, were at the treaty; and when I look around me, I imagine I see some faoes who were present at it. This road, (alluding to The Sun' a road belt) is the true road. I have a branch similar Jo this, at my breast. I know them to be of the same tree, and of equal value. This is all I shall say at present. I thank the Great Spirit for assembling so many of us together on this good work ; and I hope we shall have all things perfectly understood and explained to our mutual satisfaction before we part.

In the evening of the 18th, Blue Jacket and thirteen Shawanees, and Masass, with twenty Chippeways, arrived, and were received in the council house. Masass spoke as follows; -

I am very happy to be here this day. 1 was at the treaty of Muskingum, and have it now in my hand to show it you. Nothing but my having it in my possession could have brought me here at this time, for I came voluntarily and unasked. We should have oome in great numbers but for Brandt's endeavors to prevent us. The Wyandots and Six Nations are counselling I do not know what may be the result of their conference. 1 am happy to find so many of my brothers with you. I hope for the future they will walk in the right way and be sincere in their engagements. I again repeat my knowledge of the treaty of Muskingum. As far as I understand it, I have been faithful to it. I have brought these Frenchman with me that I may be well acquainted with everything that shall take place. This is ail I have to say at present Having travelled far I am fatigued and require refreshment. [A white string.]

Brother! When I came here last winter I did not mean to deceive you; what I promised you I did intend to perform. My wish to conclude a firm peace with you being sincere, my uneasiness has been great, that my people have not come forward so soon as you would wish or might expect; but you must not be discouraged by these unfavorable appearances. Some of our chiefs and warriors are here ; more will arrive in a few days. Ton must not, however, expeot to see a great number, yet notwithstanding, our nation will be well represented. Our hearts are open and void of deceit.

Brother, the Chippeway i I am happy to see you and your people. The open and generous manner in which you have acknowledged being present at, and acquainted with, the treaty of Muskingum, displays an honest, open, and manly heart. I, therefore, take you by the hand with the warmth and friendship of a brother. I know you have come a great way - provision shall be furnished you and your people, to appease your hunger ; and you shall have some liquor also, to quench your thirst and to enable you to rejoice with your friends and brothers present.

Brother, the Shawanee 1 I am well convinced of the integrity of your hearts, and that your exertions have uot been wanting to bring hither a full representation of your nation at an early hour. I therefore bid you, and my friends with you a sincere welcome.

Brother and ally I It is a long time since I left you. I believe it is about five months. Many things have ocourred since that time, which I will inform you of, as you may be unacquainted with them. I visited the British and was kindly received at their garrison, on the Miami. I was asked for news ; I had none for them except that of my kind reception from you. Mr. Magdalen wrote from thence to Detroit that he had taken off my blue coat which I had received from the American, and broke my gun, which he also falsely said, was presented to me by General Wayne. I did not rest until I had exposed this man and refuted his assertions. I informed all the Indians of my full persuasion of the truth, of the kind and benevolent intention you expressed to me, and that they, in due time would be convinced of the goodness of your motives. Mr. McKee invited me to his house and told me he was very sorry to find I had acted with such little regard for my people - that he ascribed my strange oonduct to the instigations of some evil spirit who had led me astray from the plain good road, and put me in the path which led to the Americans. " The commission you received from Johnson," said he, " was not given you to carry to the Americans. I am grieved to find that you had taken it to them. It was with much regret I learned that you had deserted your friends who always oaressed you and treated you as a great man. Ton have deranged, by your imprudent oonduct, all our plans for protecting the Indians and keeping them with us. They have always looked up to you for advice and direction in war, and you have now broken the strong ties which held them all together, under your and our direction. Y ou must now be viewed as the enemy of your people and the other Indians, whom you are seduoing into the snares the Americans have formed for their ruin ; and the massacre and destruction of these people by the Americans, must be laid to your oharge."

Brother 1 I am happy that notwithstanding all the difficulties and obstructions I had to encounter from my relations and others, at Detroit, I have succeeded so far in bringing my people to yon at this time. I expeot intelligence this day, of the approach of more -of them. I have briefly acquainted you with these things. I repeat my assurances of