Dayton City (part 6 of 50)

In 1839 Stevenson ran the first locomotive in Ingland over the Manchester and Liverpool railroad. The same year a miniature locomotive and cars were exhibited in Dayton in the Methodist Chureh. The facet that the city council by resolution exempted the exlubition. from a leense fee, and that the Methodist Church. was used for this purpose illustrates the deep interest felt by the public in the then new and almost untried scheme to transport freight and passengers by steam over roads constructed for the purpose. A track was run around the imterior of the ehureh, and for a small fee parties were, carried ,iny the, car.) A large part of the then citizens of Dayton took their first railroad ride in this way.

In July, 1831, a second exlubition of a mimature locomotive and car oceurred, and the following advertisement, headed "Important. Exhibition," appeared in the Journal: "A locomotive or steam earriage drawing a car on a'mintiature railroad will be exhibited at Machir & Hardeastle's warehouse, near the basin, on Friday and Saturday, July Ist and 2nd. The exhibition will be a rich treat to the friends of State or National improvement. The locomotive works with great celerity and precision, drawing a splendid miniature car in which two persons may ride at the same time. Both locomotive and car are constructed on the most improved principles by Mr. A. Bruen, of Lexington, Isentueky, and the vorkxmanship may be safely pronounced of the first order. 'The novelty of this machine has never failed to excite the admiration and curiosity of all who have seen it. Ladies and gentlemen are respectfully invited to call and ride. Admittance twenty-five cents; children halt price."

The population of Dayton in 1830 was two thousand, nine hundred and fifty-four, a gain of one thousand, two hundred and thirty-seven in little more than two years.. This year eighty-one houses were built. In 1831 fifty brick buildings and seventy-two of frame were erected. The population was three thousand, two hundred and fifty-eight. Six thousand, two hundred and nineteen passengers by coach passed through town

Robert Young was elected State senator, and Ilenry Sheidcler and G. 8. Swain members of the assembly in 1831. Mr. Sheideler was a Democrat and Mr. Swain a Whig. | ,

In November about two bundred and fifty Seneca Indians, men, women, and cliildren, on their way to the reservation west of the Mississippi River, encamped at the big spring on the north side of Mad River. They were here three days and excited great curiosity by their singular, rude, and uncivilized habits and appearance. One of the gaping crowd, who was watching them at dinner, moved off in some confusion, when an Indian, at whom he was staring, looked up and said: "Indian eats just hike white man; he puts the vietuals in his mouth."

Just below the mouth of Stillwater the Miami makes a bend in the form of a horseshoe, inclosing in it that part of Dayton known as McPherson. By cutting a race across the bend, a valuable water power is obtained. About 1829 James Steele, who owned the land, completed and afterwards a grist mill. This water power is now known as the Dayton View Hydraulic, and the large establishments of Stillwell & Bierce, A. Simonds, and the Dayton Electrie Light Company use the power to propel their machinery. In digging the race, an immense tooth of a mastodon was unearthed, which was deposited as a curiosity in the Cincinnati Museum. As no other part of the skeleton was found in the vicinity, it is supposed that the tooth was brought here with the drift from some other region.

General Robert C. Sehenclk began the practice of law in Dayton in 1831. Ile was a publie-spirited citizen, taking.an active interest in all efforts for the improvement of the town, and impressing himself upon this community long before he attained a national reputation. Ie devoted much time and labor to the Dayton Lyceum, Mechanics' Institute, Public Library, Woodland Cemetery, city park, the lydraulic, turnpiles, railroads, and public schools, and frequently gave gratuitous lectures at the invitation of Ins townsmen.

In 1832 a fugitive slave was captured in Dayton, and carried off by his master, who lived in Kentucky. The occurrence produced the greatest excitement and indignation im the community. All that was uecessary to prove the detestable character of the fugitive slave law was an attempt to enforce it. The following account, from. the Dayton Journal, of the affair by an eye-witness, who was not an Abolitionist, though his sympathies were a]l with the negro, is worthy of insertion in the history of Dayton:

'""A short time ago a negro man, who had lived in this place two or three years under the name of Thomas Mitchell, was arrested. by some men from Kentucky and taken before a justice under a charge of heing a slave who had escaped from his master. The magistrate, on hearing the evidence, discharged the black. man, not being satisfied with the proof brought by the claimants of their mghts to him. A few weeks afterwards some men armed, employed by the master; seized the negro in our where they had a sleigh in waiting to carry him off. The negro's cries brought a number of citizens into the street, who interfered and prevented the men from taking him away without having legally proved their right to do-so. The claimants of the negro went before the justice again, and after a long examination of the case on some new evidence being produced, he was decided to be the slave of the person claiming him as such, In the meantime a good deal of excitement had been produced among the people of the place and their sympathies for the poor black freedom. ka. agent of on master agreed to en him under the supposition that the master would sell him his hberty, and a considerable sum was subscribed, to which, out of his own savings, the negro contributed upwards of fifty dollars himself. The master, however, when his agent returned to Kentucky, refused to agree to the arrangement, and came about to take him, rushed to a window and endeavored, but without success, to dash himself through it, although had he sueceeded, he would have fallen on a stone pavement from a height not-Jess than fifteen icet. He was prevented, however, and the master took him away with him and got, him as far as Cimeinnati. The following, letter received by a gentleman in this place gives the concluding account of the matter:

«<¢Dear Sin: - In compliance with a request of Mr. J. Deinkard, of Kentucky, I take my pen to inform you of the death of his black man Ben, whom he took in your place a few days ago. The circumstances are as follows: .On the evening of the 22d inst. Mr. D. and company, with Ben,. arrived. in this city on their way to Kentucky, and put up at the Main Street Hotel, where a room on the uppermost story (fourth) of the building was provided for Ben and his guard. All being safe, as they thought, about one o'clock, when they were in a sound sleep, poor Ben stimulated with even the faint prospect of escape or perhaps predetermined on. liberty or death, threw himself from the window which is upwards of forty feet from the pavement. He was, as yon may well suppose, severely injured, and the poor fellow died this morning about 4 o¢lock, «Mr. J). let. this morning with the dead body of his slave, to which he told. me he would give decent burial in his own churchyard. Please tell Ben's wife of these circumstances. "Your unknown correspondent, Respectfully,

"Tom, or as he is called in the letter, Ben, was an industrious, steady, saving little fellow, and had Jaid up a small sum of money, all of which he gave to his wife and child when his master took him away. A poor and humble being, of an unfortunate and degraded race - the same feeling which animated the signers of the Declaration of Independence to pledge the fact that part of every year the canal was frozen over, and, as there was then no sufficient connection with the Cincinnati market, Dayton products fell to aruinously low price. The same winter the legislature incorporated the Mad River and Lake Hrie Railroad Company.

In February, 1882, there was a 'freshet which equaled that which had caused so much destruction of property four years before. The Journal of February 14th makes the following allusion to the high water: "The late rains produced a great flood in the Miami. On Sunday night a serious apprehension was felt for the safety of the levees, which protect the basin and canal from the revel: but they stood firmly and were sufhciently high for the present emergency, and we think low enough to show the necessity of their being raised and strengthened. The flood reached exactly to the one on the 8th of January, 182 8, which was the highest one since 18{4."

This year there was much destruction of property and great distress eaused by the unprecedented height of the Ohio at Cincinnati. As soon as the news reached here that the homes of many poor people at Cineimnati had been washed away, a call for a meeting at the court house

_to raise funds for the flood sutterers was published in the Dayton newspapers. At the meeting two hundred and two dollars were raised: by subscription and sent by J. W. Van Cleve, mayor of Dayton, to the mayor of Cincinnati, "to aid in relieving the distressed people of that city."

The Fourth of July celebration in 1832 wasa grand affair. Edward W. Davies read the Declaration of Independence, and Robert A. Thruston delivered an oration. Adam Jfouk was marshal of the procession; and G. C. Davis, Robert C. Schenck, Jefferson Patterson, Peter P. Lowe, and George Engle served as assistant marshals. The following gentlemen were the comniittee of arrangements: 'Thomas Clegg, Charles G. Swain, David C. Baker, Charles R. Greene, George Grove, William Eaker, Peter Baer, Johnson V. Perrine, Wiliam Roth, John Engel, David Davis, Thomas Morrison, I. F. Carrell, Samuel Foley, and Thomas Brown.

At no time in the history of Dayton, except during the civil war, has there been as exciting a political cainpaign as that of 1832, preceding the second election of General Jackson as president of the United States. So bitter was the fecling on both sides in this contest, that Whigs and Democrats, though neighbors and old friends, ceased EpuARING to cach other on the streets. Previous to Madison's administration the people of Dayton seem to have been nearly all of one mind on the subject of polties, or at the two parties, usually on the corner of Main. and Third streets, for the court house was the polling place for the whole township, in which the territory now assigned to Harrison, Mad River, and Van Buren townships was then included.

uate on the meht before the. presidential election in 1832, a tall hickory pole was erected on the outer edge of the pavement in front of the court house, and from it floated the American flac. Great was the surprise and indignation of the Whigs when this pole grected their eyes the next morning, and great the triumph of the party which had erected it. Crowds of Whigs gathered on the corners, muttering angry lmprecations. It was evident that they would not permit the hickory tree to remain standing at the polls, and as certain that the Democrats would violently resist any effort which the other party mght make to remove it, and that a pitched battle would ensue if the authorities did not interfere. A mecting of council was held early in the morning, and presently those of the citizens who had not gone home to breakfast, saw the council, headed by the marshal, John Dodson, followed by John W. Van Cleve, the mayor, axe in hand, and Dr. John,Steele and F. F. Carrell, manch to the hickory, tree,and, forma circle around it... The mayor notified the marshal of the order of council, just passed, to "cut down the pole and drag it out asa nuisance." It was the duty of the marshal to perform this perilous act. Au account of this occurrence published in the Journal in 1889 called out two communications on the subject from eye witnesses.

One of them says: "In the face and in defiance of an outraged and infuriated collection (not mob) of red-hot Jackson Democrats - and what that meant could hardly be appreciated by one of this cold-blooded, lawabiding generation - the worthy marshal hesitated, as well he might. A man of lofty mien and determined purpose in every movement, stepped to the front, seized the axe, and-wielding it as only a stalwart Kentuckian eould wield it, with a few well-served strokes, brought the offensive emblem to the ground. When it fell there was a pause, not a cheer was heard from the Whigs, and only muttered curses from the Democrats. The audacity of this brave act of Dr. John Steele, a man universally known and. respected, no doubt prevented a bloody riot." Another correspondent states that the pole was cut down by Herbert 8. Williams. Probably, both,.accounts; were, correct, as. from the size of the. pole it would require a good many strokes of the axe to fell it, and more than

'A canal boat arrived in Daren Decuria ies 1939, with twentyfive German emigrants on board, all of-whom were ill with cholera, or something resembling it. One of them had died the day before the boat reached here. They all crowded into a small room together when they landed. - Seven of them died. One of the doctors and the two men employed by the town to nurse the.Germans were taken sick. Both the nurses died. Cholera did not become epidemic here at this time, and the nine deaths just mentioned were all that occurred. A board of health had been appointed by council in the summer, so that all sanitary precautions were talken to prevent the spread of the disease, which was prevailing in other parts of the United States.- The board: of heaith eonsisted of a member of council and two other citizens from cach ward. The following persons were appointed: First Ward, Aaron Baker and George C. Davis; Second Ward, James Stcele and William Bomberger; Third Ward, Hi. G. Phillips and a Whicher; Fourth Ward, Dr. Haines and HE. W. Davies; Fifth Ward, James Mitel ell and Witham Patterson.

handkerchiefs were also manufactured. Ile advertises in June that he has two thousand Itahan mulberry trees ready to pluck, and will furnish leaves, silk worm eggs, and frames for those willing to raise cocoons for him on shares. He also offers to pay the highest price for cocoons delivered at the store of Swain & Demorest, and hoped by the next year take all that the neighborhood could produce. A. number of persous planted mulberry trees at this time, and expected to engage jn raising suk worms. But the factory was not a success: Charles Soule, afterwards a noted portrait. painter, opened a store for

The. sevond election of General Jackson to the presidency was celebrated in Dayton on the 8th of January, 1838, by a barbecue on the common west of the basin, now Library Park. eget Salutes were fired darmy the day. Immediately on the arrival at noon of a ennal boat with from fifty to one hundred eitizens of Miamisburg, "a tickory tree bearing the American flag, still larger and more majestic than yok Rive Sal fet Wealeala ihe (IP, abe a i bey iis ie The ait 'Rod Oe STO, rik tye ficl raaitiod ah anes fee put): ceil RVC TOR yd be ital ela } aes a ake | hia MOO eH! Ol wiaty: 'ele ae that which on a previous occasion left a stump" (an evident allusion to the cutting down of the Jackson pole in 1832), was erected. A large number of people from this and adjacent counties were present on this occasion.

After the erection of the pole, a procession was formed in front of which walked four Revolutionary soldiers bearing Liberty caps and two members of the Dayton Hickory Club carrying an appropriate banner, who were followed by another soldier bearing the American flag. After moving through the principal streets, the procession passed into the court house, where an address was made and resolutions adopted. From the court house they proceeded to the common, where an ox was roasted whole, of which and other refreshme its all were indiscriminately invited to partake. The barbecue was followed by "some spirited sentiments," after which the procession reformed and marched to the center of town, where it dispersed. )

} animal was always roasted for many hours. After the feast, the almost untouched carcass was hauled off by horses, surrounded. by a crowd of boys and dogs, to be disposed of by hogs and hounds.

November 19, 1833, a new hand engine, called the Safety, was bought, a description of which, and the other hand engines wane \y bought, and the companies formed to eperate them, will be found in the chapter on the " Fire Department." |

The following trades marched with appropriate banners in the Fourth of July procession for 1833: One cepa and tinner, two combmakers, three tobaeconists, three bookbinders, five shoemakers, six stonccutters, seven brickmakers, eieht printers, nine ey ten coopers, eleven butchers, twelve carpenters, thirteen painters, fourteen bakers, fifteen cabinet-makers; sixteen bricklayers, seventeen chairmakers, aghteen hatters, twenty coachmakers, nineteen blacksmiths, twenty-one tailors.

"On account' or theweholera; afastoday savas 'appointed by Dr. Job \faines, mayor of Dayton, for the 23d of July. There were thirty-three deaths here from cholera from June to September, 1833.

There were one thousand and one buildings in Dayton in 1835. The population was four thousand. The following were the Dayton taverns about this period: The frame tavern kept by John Wolf, west side of Second Street, cast of Ludlow, was popular with country people beeause the Farmers' Hotel, aud afterwards Farmers and Mechanics opel mn similar hotel, with barn and feed yard, was the Franklin Ifouse, southwest corner Main and Second streets. Edmund Browning, of Columbus, opened the National Hotel in the building still standing on Third Street, adjoining the Beckel Iousc, in 1830, and kept it till 1856. The Travelers' Inn, a three-story brick building on the south side of Firs near St. Clair Street, was opened by John Lebman in April, 1832. The Lafayette House stood on the north side of Third, between Jefferson and St. Clair streets. The Montgomery Mouse, which still stands on the northeast corner of Canal and Third streets, did a thriving business during the early years of the canal.

January 3, 1834, an ordinance was hee by council for the appointment of one or more watchmen. They were to wear uniform badges and have the same power to call on persons to assist them in arresting offenders as the marshal had. The marshal and these watchmen constituted the police of Dayton.

Plans for a covered wooden bridge over the Miami River on Main Street were advertised for on the 28th of January. The county commissioners on June 4, 1835, appropriated six hundred dollars toward the building fund, and the remainder of the money was raised by subscription. The bridge was opened for travel in 1836.

February 2, 1834, five buildings were burned near the basin. This was the largest fire that had oceurred here for fifteen years. The engines were found insufficient, and a subscription was raised to purchase an additional one. cao

The news of the death of 'Lafayette was received in 1834, and commemorative services were held here on the 3ist of August. A procession, composed of the mechanics of the town, carrying handsome banners draped in black, and representing' their different oceupations, the Masonic Fraternity, and the order of Independent Odd Fellows, formed about eleven o'clock and marched to the Presbyterian church. The exercises were opened with an impressive prayer by Rev. E. Allen, after which a beautiful and feeling ode, written for the oecasion by a young lady of Dayton, was sung by the choir. Robert A. Thruston delivered "an impassioned and eloquent delineation of the talents of the deceased) 'patriot:")' Phen an ode, written for a similar occasion in

Aneimnati by James Tall, was sune by the choir. Solemn music by the Cincinnati band accompanied the exereises, which closed with a prayer and benediction by Rev. David Winters. The committee of arrangements on this occasion was composed ol the following geutlemen :

Gos Lts Nye

In the winter of 1834 Alexander Grimes, I. T. Harker, John Rench, D. Stone, and others formed a company, called the Fire Guards. They earried white wands, and it was their duty to protect property and keep order at fires.

Horace Pease, who was a Whig, and William Sawyer, a Democrat, were cleeted to the levislature this year from Montgomery County. James Steele, a Whig, was elected State senator.

In the winter of 1854-1835 a one-story building of heavy cut stone was erected in the rear of the old jail. It contained four eclls constructed with arched brick ceilings and stone floors. This building was used county jail for ten years, as the one-erected in 1815 was considered unsafe.

On Januaty 1, 1835, appeared the first rhymed New Year's address of the carriers of the Dayton Journal. This custom was continued for years, and the ces of the Journal always bad a quarter or half dolar ready when the carrier appeared with his verses, printed on a separate shect from the newspaper on New Year's morning. Some of these addresses were written in excellent verse, were very witty, and-full of amusing puns, jokes, and local hits. |

In December, 1835, council passed an ordinance directing physicians, kkeepers of public houses, and commanders of canal boats, to report all cases of smallpox, cholera, or any other mahgnant or unusual disease to the mayor. A hospital was provided and all persons so diseased were to be sent there if willing to go, and if they objected to being removed, a notice or sign naming the disease was to be put up in a conspicuons place on the outside of the house where they were, on penalty of a fine. Persons suffering from such diseases were also to be fined if they left the house till well. All this was a preparation for an epidemic, which, fortunately, did not appear. It was the first time that such precautionary measures were adopted in Dayton.

The following tire wardens were appointed in 1836: Kirst ward, Matthew Patton and Moses Simpson; second, James Steele and Abram Darst; third, Musto Chambers and Samuel Shoup; fourth, John Rench and, David Osborn; mith, A Artz and William, Tart. -Couneil agreed as well as to the shenff for ringing their respective bells at each fire to oive thie alarm more generally to the citizens." They also resolved to finish the cisterns already commenced with lime cement, and to purchase five hundred more feet of hose for the fire department. |

James Steele was re-elected State senator in 1836, and Robert <A. Thruston was elected member of the lower house of the legislature. Mr. Thruston was re-elected in 1837, but died before the close of lis second term. dle was a man of brilliant talents and 'noted for his graceful oratory. The deepest regret was felt by the community that a career of such fine promise was cut short in early life.

Measures Proposed for Improving the Town - Proceedings of Council - Public Meeting to Sustain Council--Library Park - Dayton Business Men in 1837 - Value of Property - Abolition Mob--Mad River Hydraulic - Montgomery Blues - Philharmionic Society- - Shin Piasters - Thomas Morrison - Zoological Museum - William Jennison, the Naturalist - Turnpikes - -Act of Legislature Authorizing State Aid to Turnpikes - Early Markets - Third Street Bridge - New Buildings Erected in 1838 - Cooper Hydraulic - Fire Department - An Anti-Slavery Society Formed - Reward Offered for Arrest of a Fugitive Slave - John W. Van Cleve's Map of Dayton - -Dayton Silk Company Ineorporated - First County Fair - Morus Multicaulis !xcitement--Swaynie's Hotel - Carpets Manufactured in Dayton - An Old-Time Fire - Number of Buildings Erected in 1839 - Mosquitoes - Log Cabin Newspaper - Iimproved Stage Coaches - Harrison Convention - Numbers in Attendance - nthusiasm--Hospitality of Dayton People - Lanners Presented,

N April, 1886, council appointed a committee, consisting of Messrs. I Stone, Smith, and Winters, to effect a loan in behalf of the corporation of from one to ten thousand dollars at a rate of interest not execeding six per cent and for a period of not less than five years, the interest to be paid annually. The money so obtained was to be used in improving the streets and the appearance of the town.

The following proceedings of the next meeting of council describe the proposed improvements: "The common council of the town of Dayton, at their meeting April 25, 1836, passed the following resolution: That they would appropriate and spend so much money (provided a loan ean be obtained) as will make the following improvements - viz.: wharfing across the head of the State basin; improving the public commons as requested by D. Z. Cooper, in consideration of his releasing a part thereof for the benefit of the corporation, provided the balance be improved immediately, to extend the market house on center market space to Jefferson Street; to grade the streets and walks throughout the town, and so soon as the grade is correctly ascertained, to raise and lower the walks in the different wards to the said grade; to finish the cisterns already commenced with lime cement, and to purchase five hundred more feet of hose for the fire department."

As there was a differenice of opinion in respect to the propriety of borrowing money and making the above improvements, it was resolved, on motion of the recorder, David Winters, " that all citizens interested in the above matter be requested to mect at the court house Wednesday

Peter Aughinbaugh was chairman of the town mecting called by council, and Daniel Roe-secretary... Addresses were made by, Messrs. Robert. C:.. Schenck, | Ralph, P.. Lowe, Hleury ;} Bacon, and Daniel Roe. There was some opposition to the proposed improvements on the ground that they were more for ornament than use, and that they would increase the taxes, while the advantages would be unequally distmbuted.

Council proposed to borrow ten thousand dollars, three thousand of which was to be expended on the park and the remainder ou other improvements. : :

After a full discussion, a majority of the meeting passed resolutions commending the improvements contemplated by council and the loan by means of which they were to be accomphshed. They recommended: that council should apply one tenth of any amount to be expended during the year in filling up the ditch commonly called Seely's Basin.

An act ofthe legislature,: passed Mebruary 17, 1808, empowered Daniel C. Cooper to amend the oviginel plat of Dayton as to lots 94, 94, 96,97, 98, 99, 100, 141, 142, and 148, and. set, them).apart as a common for the use of the citizens. To induce the citizens to convert the "commons' into a.park .that would be creditable, in, December, 1836, David Zeigler Cooper executed a deed, authorizing the city to lease lots 94, 96, and 96, and releasing any reversionary interest that might accrue to. him. It was provided in the deed that the rernainming ground should be order. The income from this source now amounts to eight hundred and eighty-three dollars per annum. In 1888 the '"pubhe square," as the park was then called, was prepared for and planted with fine forest trees, which the Journal of that day says was "a fair beginning for a werk which promises to be a credit, as well as an ornament, to the town."

Major Daniel W. Wheelock, the efficient and public-spirited mayor of Dayton, during 1856, 18387, and 1838, suggested many of the new improvements, and energetically hastened the completion of those begun, while lie was in office.

A. number of new buildings were erected in 1836-1837. Among the most important was a handsome brick Cathohe church. Thomas Morrison, builder, as stated in the Dayton Journal, reported the number of buildings put up this year as forty-five of brick and thirty-five of frame.

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Swaynie, produce dealer; J. Greer & Cc., stoves; T. & J. H. Boyer, copper and fin, shop; Brown. & Peiree, merchants;.. Van Cleve.&' Newell, druggists; Estabrook & Phelps,. grocers; Edwin Smith & Co., druggists; Morrison & Arnold, builders; Samuel Brady, merchant; R. A: Kerfoot, saddler; Abram Darst, grocer; J. O. Shoup, merchant.

Ta July, 1836, David Zeigler Cooper and David Stone platted thirtyseven acres of ground, then known as "The Buck Pasture" and now within the First ward, expecting to sell them at the rate of seven hundred dollars per ,acre, which was considered a fair price. But such was the demand for the lots, which were regarded as a good speculation, that they sold at public auction, at the court house on the.6th of August at the rate of six thousand dollars per acre, a convincing proof that the town was growing and prospering In a manner unexampled in its previous history.

During the winter of 1886-1837 both the pro-slavery and the abolition sentiments of the country were ae themselves in the most violent manner. In February congress refused, by a vote of ninety-two to one hundred, to pass a resolution declaring that slaves had not the right of petition, and that the reception of such petitions was unconstitutional The next morning the seats of the indignant Southern members, who had agreed to pursue this course, were vacant. Alarmed. by this protest, the house; on the following day, reconsidered the subject and passed by a large majority - one hundred and forty-nine to fifty-four - a resolution similar to the one that had been rejected. The Dayton Journal tor February 21, 1837, which contained these proceedings of congress, published on the

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For some time considerable excitement had been produced here by the eflorts of Abolitionists to propagate their opinions, and in more than one instance the opposition to them had resulted in acts of violence. In January Dr. J. G. Birney, a noted member of the Anti-slavery party and formerly editor of the Philanthropist, an Abolition paper, published at Cineimnati, but destroyed by a mob July 80, 1856, endeavored to delivei an address on the abolition of slavery in the Union Church, but was interrupted and egged by a mob, fired with hatred of negroes and A bolitionists.

The Union Church stood on the west side of Main Strect, south of Fourth, on the ground now occupied by the residence of G. W. Rogers, and was built mainly at the expense of the late Luther Bruen. It was usually occupied by the Christian or "Newlight ' denomination, but was always open to abolition lectures, Mr. Bruen, being an earnest and outg spoken Abolitionist when it required no ordinary amount of moral and physical courage to be one. Mr. Bruen was a prominent pioneer citizen. He had four children: Priscilla marred Samuel Brady; Eliza married Robert G. Corwin; David H.; Luther B. married Aueusta, dauglhiter of Samuel Forrer. Luther b. died in hospital at Washington, D. C., from a wound received at the battle of Spottsylvania Court House.

Dr. H. Jewett, who was also a leading Abolitionist, in a letter to James Steele, State senator, asking his assistance to obtain redress from the legislature by an act compelling the corporation of Dayton to pay, with part of the fees obtained from grog shop licenses, the damage caused by the mob, says: 'I, for the sin of lodging him [ Dr. Birney |, had my house assailed, my windows broken, and my furniture and family bespattered with rotten eggs, and my life threatened in case I should ever shelter him or any other Abolitionist lecturer.'

From this time the ferment increased. "In the face," the Journal sa "of threats of violence and for the purpose of braving, as it were, by a shout of defiance those who had threatened personal ae to anyone who might attempt the delivery of another abolition lecture in town, an individual was invited here for that purpose." The lecturer was the Rev. John Rankin, a Presbyterian minister. The meeting was held on Monday afternoon, February 13th, at the Union Church. The threats of the mob were carried out, and the lecturer was ege¢ed, foreed from the pulpit, and in addition to other indignities, received a severe blow, but escaped alive and remained for some days at the house of Dr. Jewett, intending as soon as able to attempt to speak again,

Mr. IRankin was not sailiny: to trust "himsell in the house of an Abolitionist during the night of the mob, but apphed for protection to a gentleman of high character and much influence, who did not sympathize with the extreme views of either Abolitionists or pro-slavery men, but was opposed to mobs, and willing to give the lecturer a lodging and breakfast. During the mght the mob destroyed some houses occupied by negroes, and also the aan sash, stove, and Bible of the Union Church. The Journals account of these occurrences both denounces MVoOUMOnIsts and Condemns tae mop. It says: "lt is known to every reader of the Journal that we have never countenauced directly or indirectly the efforts of the Abolitionists. It is not our purpose to do so now. But we put it to every retlecting man in the community to say whether he can do otherwise than condemn these acts of violence. Shall the mob or the law be supreme?' that is the question. If you say the law shall govern, stand by your declaratidn, and justify no violation of it. Look to the act and not to the object."

Now that the "irrepressible conflict" has been happily and forever settled, it is dificult to justly judge of the conduct of those who were in the midst of the heated controversy. From our standpoint the condemnation of the mob by the Journal seems tame and inadequate. But it must be remembered that at that time many excellent people, who were sincerely opposed to slavery, felt that it was a State institution, for which they were not responsible éeind that the compromises of the Constitution ought to be observed.

The Montgomery Blues, Captain Hopkins commander, were organized in May. The musicians of 'Dayton were invited to mect at the military hall, on Market Street, on the 16th of this month, for the purpose of formiine a band or *musie "for 'the Giays "ands thes "asiwege i The invitation was signed E. F. Lupton, Jacob Boyer, Joseph Davidson, committee of Grays; David Carroll, Adam Speice, and H. Munn, committee of Blues.

Jn, the spring of this year the Dayton PInlharmonic Society was organized for the study of sacred music, with Stephen Fry as teacher and C. Ilayden secretary. They were in the habit of giving concerts in the churches, sometimes for the benefit of the poor.

This was a period of financial difficulty throughout the United States, and therefore the Dayton Journal had reason to congratulate the citizens on the fact that the Dayton bank was the only bank in the country which

The wild speculations which preceded and culminated in 1837 resulted in a complete prostration of business from which the country did not recover for many years. The failure of many banks and the suspension of specie payments by the others, made money, and especially silver change, excessively searce. As a substitute for small coin, "shin plasters," or promises to pay fifty, twenty-five, or ten cents on demand, printed on ordinary paper, were issued by merchants, grocers, and others. 'Thomas Morrison, who was an extensive owner of real estate, which was a basis for credit, issued a large amount of these "shin plasters." It was so easy and tempting to issue money which was current to be redeemed in the future, that it is not surprising that an amount was put out much beyond the original intention. When the time came for redemption the following advertisement in the Journal of June 26, 1838, shows the unpleasant position in which Mr. Morrison was placed:

" FeLLow-Cirizeys: - I am compelled to leave town to fulfill a contract that I have undertaken - -that is to build a mill at the falls of Greenville Creck, for G. W. Smith. [ leave Dayton at this time with regret, because the law prohibiting the circulation of small notes or shin plasters is soon to take effect, and I wish to satisfy my fellow-citizens that Iam not the man under any circumstances to take advantage of that law by which the State allows me to act the rascal. No, it is vain to try to induce me to do so. I intend to redeem every note I have put in circulation, and that as soon as I return, and will do it with pleasure and satisfaction. I desire my fellow-citizens and all who have confidence in my word of honor trust there are some who believe I will co as I say - not to ae to take them till my return, when every cent shall be paid with the addition of six per cent interest for every day the notes are left unredeemed, after the Ist of July. On my return I will give public notice, so that the holders of my notes aney eall. Tt has been an unprotitable business, but it shall end honestly.'

In the end Mr. Morrison redeemed in full all the "shin plasters" he issued. Mr. Morrison came to Dayton at a: early day, and was for many years the leading contractor and builder of the town. His son, David H. Morrison, a skillful civil engineer, and founder of the Columbia Bridge Works, married Harriet, the daughter of Robert J. Skinner, the pioneer newspaper publisher and editor. Mary Morrison married Dr. M. Garst, and Maria, Daniel Garst.

ihe Crmeimnati, Grays visited Dayton,on the 29th of August as the guests of the Montgomery County Blues and the Dayton Grays, arriving on the canal packet Clarion. The three companies had a grand parade aud a dinner at the Franklin, House.on Tuesday, the Cincinnati-Grays returning home by can: : en Wednesday. 'This parade and -dinner were quite a notable event in the early history of the town, and much is made of it in the Journal. |

A number of citizens assembled on the 16th of September at the court bouse for the purpose of establishing a zoological museum. <A committee, consisting, of John W.,Van Cleve, Dr. John Stcele, William suitable room «ould be obtained and funds for paying for it secured. <A room was procured at the head of the basin, but the plage was unsuitable and not, attractive.

Lhe idea of establishing a public museum would not have suggested itself to the citizens of Dayton at that early date, but. for the presence here, Of a, very Wateetinns naturalist, Mr. William Jeunison, who had

Ly, connected with foreign societies of naturalists, would be able to procure from abroad almost any specimens desired, merely by applying for them and paying the cost of transportation.

Ile had a number of birds prepared by himself in the best manner and handsomely arranged in glass cases, and also hundreds of insects classified and arranged in scientific order, and affording by the variety of size and color a most beautiful sight, though "the poor fellows were impaled with pins." All these he offered to place in a public museum and to devote part of his time to the work of increasing the collection.

But the project was soon abandoned, and he removed his birds and butterihes to his residence, then a short distance out of town, but now on Linden Avenue, within the corporation, where he had a garden and green house, in which he raised fine flowers for saic. He was an object of curiosity to the people when he went out, net in hand, to collect butterflies for his cabinet and natural history specimens to exchange with his learned friends across the Atlantic

Mr. Jennison was an elegant and accomplished man, with the courtly manner of a gentleman of the old regime. Ite spoke Jénglish perfeetly, which was probably due to the fact that bis mother was an Mnelishwoman of rank, whom his father, Count Jennison, of Heidelberg, had married while minister from the kingdom of Wurtemberg to the Court of St.

Cutare Enki

James. Washington Irving, in a letter published in the seeond volume of his biography, gives an interesting account of a visit which he paid in 1822 to Count Jennison and his amiable and agreeable family. He describes the Count as an elegant and rs and Inghly cultivated man, who spoke Huelsh as perfectly as an Englishman

A mécting was held on the evening of the 18th of November, 1857, at the court house for the purpose of exciting an. interest ie the Mad xiver & Lake Hrie Railroad, incorporated in 1832, aiid organized, as already stated, in 1834. Simee the cleetion of officers of the company, nothing further bad been done. Jonathan Uarshman, Robert C. Schenck, and Peter Odlin took a prominent part in the meeting, and resolutions were passed urging the raising of stock and the speedy commencement of the read. The law affording State aid to railroads had recently been passed by the Ohio legislature.

'During 1857 there were seventeen millon, seven hundred and seven thousand, seven hundred and fifteen pounds of merchandise reecived Dayton by canal, and ten millon, seven hundred and eighty-seven thousand, six hundred and fifty pounds of produce were shipped from here; twenty-nine thousand, three hundred and fifty pounds of machinery made a part of the amount exported. Large quantities of machinery of excellent quality were manufactured here at this period.

of them will be given. As early as March, 1817, the Cincinnati and Dayton Turnpike Company was formed, and in the summer of 1819 it was incorporated. Wilham C. Schenck, father of General R. C. Schenck, who was secretary of the company, announeed in the Watchman in June, 1819, that subscription books would be epened on the second Monday in July at Steele & Peirce's store, under the direction of H..G. Phillips and soe Peirce. It was the intention to make the road sixty feet wide, but the turnpike was not built.

An act was passed on the 24th of March, 1836, by the legislature " to authorize a.loan of credit by the State of Ohio to railroad companies, and to authorize subscriptions by the State to the eapital stock of turnpike, canal and slack water navigation companies." Dayton was one of the aid of the State to works of this d erctipiion, and before the repeal of the law in 1840 it had been the means of putting in the course of construction five turnpikes, the aggregate length of the five roads being one hundred and forty miles, and other turnpikes were in contemplation. To the abundanee of gravel, which made the construction of turnpikes cheap

Ntt Dor It Aa Sehr Ire Anetta Me Der Pie At Enf Non Measures Proposed For Improving The Town

Three of the companies- - -the Day ton & Covington; Dayton, Centreville & Lebanon, and the Dayton & Springficld - had been incorporated in 1838, but the contracts for building the roads were not let till after the passage of the law insuring State aid.

In April, 1837, the subscription books of the Dayton, Centreville & Lebanon turnpike were opened at the law office of Peter Odlin and R. ©. Schenck. The other Dayton members of this company were Horace Pease, H. G. Phillips, Joseph Barnett, Thomas Brown, Thomas Dever andl i. oe

In the fall of 1837 books for subscription to the stock of two turnpike routes, proposing to connect Dayton with Cineinnatt, were opened. Mr. J. W. Van Cleve, beheving that a correct and satisfactory estimate of the expense of any work, for which stock subscriptions are solicited, is a most important item in securing the investment of money to effect the object, published the following characteristic proposal in the Dayton Journal on the 31st of October: 'Iwill pay one hundredth part of the expense of making one mile of graveled road, commencing at the inl] near Seely's, and measuring one mile towards Springfield; the road to be graded m.the first place and then graveled thirty feet wide in the same manner with our streets. I will perform the leveling also without charge, and if any citizens will subseribe for the making of a mile of similar road or any other roads leading from town, commencing at the outer boundary of the building lots, 1 will also perform the Jeveling without charge." Mr. Van Cleve thought that the cost of making one mile of graveled road would not exceed two thousand, five hundred dollars, and that his plan, if carried into eftect, would at least show whether his judgment was correct and enable estimates of the cost of the contemplated roads to be made with much accuracy and in a most economical manner. The Journal does hot inform us whether Mr. Van Cleve's ie ee was accepted, but we are told that when the contracts were let the cost per mile proved to be about four thousand dollars.

The subscription books of the Dayton & Springfield Company were opened, January 19, 1888, and the contract made on the 12th of May. This turnpike, to induce pes through Dayton, was built in the same style as the 'National road, es specially at its junction with the latter, and with similar bridges, stone culverts, toll gates, and mile stones. Comfortable brick taverns were crected a few miles apart along the pike. It was a great disappointment to the people of Dayton that the National changed." A meetins' of eommel wae held), acewitich the "followine® resolution was "passed; "fresolved, That the mayor of this town forward to Joseph JT. Crane, isq., our representative in congress, whatever statistical information can be obtained with regard to the advantages possessed by this place, and other facts which it may be thought necessary to submit to the consideration of cong: 'ess; to Induce them to order a change in the route of the

Eaton to Richmond, ludiana." But this effort to sectre the road also failed. The follows gentlemen constituted the board of directors of the Springhield Turnpike Company: Jonathan Harshman, Joseph Barnett, Jolin Kneisly, Charles Hagenbaugh, V. W ainek and Peter Aughinbaugh President, J. Harshman; treasurer, V. Winters; seerctary, J. Barnett.

Subseription books for stock in the rated & Covington Company were opencd Mareh 50, 1888, and the contract was ve the next' sifiimrer. The distance to be built was twenty-six miles, and the estimated cos minety-three thousand dollars. It was. proposed in June, 1839, to - twenty miles under contract immediately at an estimate of seventy-three thousaud dollars, to be raised by individual subseriptions with the addition of the aid from the State. Five thousand dollars additional subseriptions from citizens were all that were now needed to insure the mnmediate commencement and final completion of the road. The followine gentlemen were elected' directors of the 'company:* N. Hart, Abram Waret, Georve Burner, John Sikes; William' Sheets. "D. W Thayer, Seth Riley, 2AU Minwich, DZ) Poirees""N' Hart 'was president of the * board; Abram Darst, treasurer; David Z. Peirec, secretary.

Ou the 6th of Aucust, 1839, ten miles of the Dayton & Greenville turnpike were let at an average of three thousand two hundred dollars per' mile, which was'a lower price than the cost of any pike in this neighborhood. The Journal announces August 6, 1839, that the Dayton & Springlicld pike is nearly finished.

In 1839 Mr. Samuel Rothe de the earnest solicitation of the directors, consented to take charge of the turnpikes as engineer and general superintendent. The roads placed ander lis supervision were the Dayton & Lebanon, Dayton & Springfield, and the Great Miami turnpikes. The Ohio legislature, for partisan reasons, had just excluded Mr. Forrer from the il ein thus depriving the State of a faithful and competent ofieer.. But 'as Dayton "could" now secure the constant aid of his "invaluable talents and experience' in the various. public improvements in whieh the citizens were interested, and which,-although of a local character, deeply concerned a large proportion of the people, there were some among us, the Journal says, selfish cnough not to regret the change

The Shakertown pike was chartered in March, 1841. The pike eu Dayton to Troy was built im 1842). "The Valley pike was built in 1843; Dayton & Germantown in 1847; ee Creek in 1849; Dayton & Xenia, 1849; Dayton & Wilmington, 1849; Salem, 1850; Brandt, 1850.

For some years the county commissioners have had the supervision of the turnpikes. The toll gates, which used to be encountered at every few miles along the road, have been abolished by a law, permitting the purchase a the pikes by the county from the companiés. - ~

Samuel Forrer was reappointed in the ee oe of 1837 by the board of public Brick principal engineer on the lines of the Wabash and Erie and Miami canals. This appointment, as the proper administration of thecanal involved the prosperity of Dayton, was a matter of rejoicing here. A number of Dayton young men went out with Mr. Forrer to learn civil engineering. .THowe's " Historical' Collections of! Ohio" contains, 'in 'the chapter on "Pioneer Mneineers of Ohio," by Colonel Charles Whittlesey, the Clonue interesting biographical sketch of Mr. Forrer:

'No engineer in Ohio spent as many years in the service of the State as did Mr. Forrer. He came from Pennsylvania in 1818, and in 1819 was deputy surveyor of Hamilton County, Ohio. In 1820' Mr. Wilham Steele, a very enterprising citizen of Cincinnati, Ohio, employed. Mr. Forrer at his own expense to ascertain the elevation of the Sandusky and Scioto summit above Lake Erie. "Tlis report. was sent to' the' lecisiature "by Governor Brown. This was the favorite route [for the Erie canal], the shortest, lowest summit, and passed through a very rich country.

he oveau question was a supply of water. It i ae been located, and in fact was in part, when in the fall and summer of 1823 it was found by Judge D. Bates to bé wholly inadequate. Of Pee thee engineers and assistants eight died of local diseases within six years. Mr. Forrer was the only one able to keep the field permanently and use: the instruments in 1823

"When Judge Bates needed their only level, Mr. Forrer invented and constructed one that would uow be a curiosity among engineers. He named it the Pioneer. It was in the form of a round bar of wrought ALOMO Watley ClOss Ike a Capi Low ie top or ative Teter Was' aint bet which was aspirit level. There was a projection drawn out from the crossbar at right angles to it, which rested upon a circular plate of the tripod. By means of thumb-screws and reversals, the round bar acting as a pendulum, a rude horizoutal plane was obtained which was of value at short range. )

"Mr. Forrer was not quite medium height, but well formed and very active. Hie was a pleasant and cheerful companion. Judge Bates and the canal commissioners relied me his skill under their instructions to test the water question in 1823. We ran a line for a feeder from. the Sandusky summit westerly ani north' of the + water shed," talking" up the waters of the Auglaize and heads of the Miami. Even with this addition the supply was inadequate. Until his death in 1874 he was nearly all the time in the employ of the State as engineer, canal conimissioner, or member of the board of public works. He was not only shpallay: but scrupulously honest and industrious. is life-long friends regarded his death as a personal loss greater than that of a faithful public officer. Ile was too unobstrusive to make personal enemies, not neglecting lis duties, as a citizen zealous but just. Ie died at Dayton, Ohio, at ten A. M., March 25, 1874, from the exhaustion of his physical powers, without pain: Like his: life he° passed away ih peace, at the age of eighty, his mind clear and conscious of the approaching end."

In the winter of 1838 the experiment was tried of having market on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday afternoons and in the early morning on the other three days. But the people soon returned to what Curwen calls "our midnight markets," the bell ringing at four o'clock in the depth of winter, and the people hurrying at the first tap to the market house, as a short delay would deprive them" of their favorite cut of meat or first choice of vegetables and force them to fill their baskets with rejected articles. As in New' York two hundred years ago, "such was the 'strife among the thrifty townsfolk to be on hand at the opening of the market, and thereby get the pick of the goods that long before noon the bulk the business was done." 'This custom of market before daybreak, in spite of its discomfort, continued for many years. 3 year: Council expended about six thousand dollars in lmproving and beautifying the town. The streets and pavements were graveled, guttered, and macadamized for the first time, thongh the work' had been begun three years before. Eighty-nine buildings, fifty-six of brick and thirty-three of frame, were erected, and more would We been put up if it had been possible to obtain sufficient brick and timber. The principal buildings erected were two brick district school houses, the first that were built in Dayton, and the Third Street Presbyterian Church. "This was also of brick seventy-two by fifty-two feet in size, "of approved architectural beauty,' and cost fifteen thousand dollars. The dwellings in town were all oceupied to their fullest capacity, and there were none for rent or for sale. 7

A great queen occurred in the summer of 1838, which almost prevented milling, yet the flour shipped by canal from Dayton this year nearly doubled the amount shipped in 1837.

The tolis for 1858 show an increase of eight thousand dollars over 1837. There were eight thousand, nine hundred and three passengers by eanal during 1888, and merchandise to the amount of twelve million, eight hundred and eight thousand and seventy pounds was received. The amount of tolls paid was twenty-seven thousand, five hundred and ninety dollars and seventy-nine cents. Yet the canal was closed by ice or for repairs during over five months this year. The population of Dayton in 1838 was eight thousand. )

The most valuable improvement made this year was the Cooper hydraulic, constructed by Edward W. Davies and Alexander Grimes, agents of, Mrs. lu.C. Cooper. "Tt is an enterprise, said the Journal, "for the projection and completion of which all who have the prosperity of Dayton at heart will cheerfully accord to the gentlemen above named due eredit for their public spirit."

On the 30th of December, 1838, the carpenter shop of D. A. Wareham, on St. Clair Street, with all its contents, and the livery stable of Kiefe & Ainsworth, were burned and other buildings considerably damaged. "All the fire companies; were on the ecround early with their apparatus," says the Journal, whose account we quote, as it mentions all the engines. "The Enterprise came first, and while supplied with water was very efficient. The Independence and Safety were stationed at the basin and threw water on the fire through their five hundred fect of hose. Lhe Safety, however, was not in order, and-could not be made to operate fire alnnost as soon as her hose was laid, and continued in active operation till the fire was extinguished and the companies exhausted by hard work, it being impossible, with ali the efforts of the fire wardens, to entice men enough from confortable quarters near the fire, where they could see the fun and keep their toes warm, to relieve the worn-out firemen at the brakes of the engines... .

March 12, 1859, Dayton Township was, divided: by the legislature into two, election precincts, the first precinct, voting at the court hotse, and the second at Houk's tavern, on Market Street. The first precinet comprised all the territory north of the Haton road, Tbird Street, and the Springfield pike; and the second precinct all south of the boundary lie.or the ist.

An anti-slavery society, with forty members, was organized in Dayton in March, 1839. Luther Bruen was elected president, Paul R. Wambaugh vice-president, James JCtnapp treasurer, and James A. Shedd Secretary of the, society. ..side by side.in the) Journal with the account of the organization of the Abolition, society appears an advertisement, offering a reward of four bundred dollars for the return of a runaway Jkentucky slave, supposed to be in this neighborhood. The advertisement is headed with one of those intensely black httle vignettes, representing a bare-headed colored man, with a bundle hung on a stick, and negro quarters in the back ground, making all speed for the North, which so often at this date appeared in the Dayton newspapers. The poor fellow is described as "likely and pleasant when spoken to, and easily alarmed," and calling himself Washington, though that was not his real name.

ihis year John W. Van Cleve prepared a map of Dayton, from a survey made by himself, which he had Hthographed in Philadelphia, and sold, according to the oe of mounting, at a dollar or five dollars each.

In 1839 the Dayton Silk Company was incorporated with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. The company advertised that they had on hand one hundred and fifty thousand cegs for gratuitous distribution to all who would sell to them Eee cocoons raised from the eggs. They published fiftcen thousand copies of a circular, giving all requisite information on the subject of silk nee which were-freely distributed. It was proposed to introduce the cultivation of the variety of white mglborry «known. as, dMorus , Mliicaulis.,, Lic, leawes. of the dforus Mutticaulis, unlike those of the other variety, could be used the first year in the rearing of silk worms. Jfarmers were advised to turn their ittention to this valuable crop, and many of them did so, and the raising seventy-five cents to one dollar and fifty cents a piece, and the demand for them was increasing. The people were assured that one acre lad been known to produce as high as seventy-five pounds of silk the first 'ear from the cuttings, and it was believed that fifty pounds could be produced the first year without injury to the trees. This silk company, hke the former one, proved a failure.

The first Montgomery County Agricultural Pair was held in Dayton ab Swaymie's hotel, atthe headof the basin, October 17 and 18; 1839. At eleven in the morning on the 17th a precession of about three hundred persons interested in the society marched, headed by a band of music, through the principal streets to the hotel, where the anniversary address was delivered by D. A. Haynes. The display of horses, cattle, and farm

John Edgar, Peter Aughinbaugh, Charles G. Swain, W. B. Stone, and hk. N. Comly - awarded a premium, a silver cup worth ten dollars, for the greatest amount of silk produced from the smallest number of AWulticautis leaves. Other valuable premiums were awarded by the society, but the eup was offered by members of the Silk Company.

The mention of the Morus Multicuulis tree recalls to memory one of those strange manias that occasionally sweep over the country. The tree had recently been introduced from China, was of rapid growth and

'fumished abundant food tor silk worms: [t-was believed that: theicultivation of this tree and the use of its leaves to feed silk worms, would make the United States the great silk-producing country of the world. The most extravagant price was paid for young trees and thousands of acres planted. Waide-spread ruin was the result, and hundreds of persons lost their all in this wild speculation.

Swaynie's Hotel, where the first Montgomery County Agricultural Hair was held, was finished in April, 1889. It was considered a first-class house and regarded with pride by the people otf Dayton. All the carpets in the hotel were manufactured by the Dayton Carpet Company, and were of such superior texture, designs and colors, that guests of the' house could with difhculty be convinced that they were made west of the Alleghany mountains. The Dayton earpets were sold in the stores at Cincinnati and other western towns as imported carpets, and purchasers did not discover the deception.

A. fire occurred here in December, 1859, which resulted in great loss on account of the excitement and unruly conduct of the crowd, though the Independence Engine arrived in the nick of time, and saved the old-time fire, when more damage was often caused by the oflicious crowd and the water than by the flames: " While the work of preservation was li progress outside, some destructives were enacting very different scenes within the building. In their eagerness to save the owners from loss by fire, they wrenched the doors from the hinges, pulled the manties from their places, shattered the windows and broke the sash, and all to save property from destruction by fire. It will cost the owner of the property more money to repair damages inside his premises than to replace all that was destroyed by the fire.' The Journal complains that very few of the white wands of the fire guards were to be seen on this occasion, and attributes the confusion partly to their absence.

In the next Journal appeared the following card from the officers of the various fire companies, appealing to their fellow-citizens for aid in protecting firemen from unealled-for interruption at fires: " Hach company claims for itself the right to contro! its engine, hose, and pipe, and any interference by an individual not a,member of the association is calculated to create useless altercation aud to retard the effective operation of the firemen. 'The brakes of our engines are always free to these who connected with the fire department would either remain at a distance or work at the engines, beheving as we do, that the confusion created at fires is occasioned by those who are uot connected with the engines. ¥. W. Davies, president Second Engine Company; E. Favorite, vice-president; V. Winters, foreman Safety Isngine and Hose Company; Frederic Boyer, assistant; JE. Carroll hoe, president Enterprise Company."

At this time great pride was felt in the fire department, and the most prominent citizens of Dayton were members of the companies. It was a ereat advance on all that had preceded it, but it was defective as all volunteer organizations necessarily are. With the splendidly equipped and perfeetly ordered paid department of the present time, the interference of citizens complained of in 1839 never oceurs. : |

The number of buildings erected in Dayton in 1839, as counted by Thomas Morrison, was one' hundred - sixty-four of brick, thirty-six of wood, and twenty-six intended for business houses. A new First Presbyterian church took the place of the old one built in 1817 on the corner of Second and Ludlow streets. It was fifty by eighty feet in size, of the "Grecian lonic order of architecture: and considered very handsome." It cost seventeen thousand dollars. A Baptist church was also built on the corner of Fourth and Ludiow streets, forty by sixty feet in size and seventy-five fect in height. The front "presented a& very neat colette the lot, was six 'ian sb dollars. A number of improvements were made along the hydraulic. Mr. Thomas Brown, after particular inquiry, made at the request.of the Journal, reported that tour million, five hundred thousand bricks were made in Dayton durivg 1839. The number on hand he computed at. five hundred thousand, which gave four millions as the number of bricks aid during the year.

Dayton was increasing rapidly.in population, and a watchman at night and bars and bolts in the day time began for the first time to be considered a necessity in the residence part of the town. The Journal complains that the march of improvement had not been made without still another attendant evil, and that while the citizens boasted of their turnpike roads, graveled streets, fine stores, and splendid churches, in getting these they had also got that small vampire, the mosquito. They appeared for the first time in the history of the town in small numbers when the canal was opened, and were supposed to have come on the canal from below, but they gradually inercased till they murdered sleep throughout the corporation and became a great pest.

The vocal and instrumental musical societies, under the direction of LL. Huesman, gave a series of concerts in the churches during the winter of 1840, which were very popular. :

In February the prospectus of the Log Cabin newspaper published in Dayton by Rh. N. 1c W. EF. Comly, appeared. The: Log: Cabin was' continned during the Harrison campaign, and after enough subscribers were obtained to pay expenses, was gratuitously distributed as a mie document. A large picture of a log cabin with a barrel of hard cider at the door, occupied the first page of the paper. The illustrations were drawn and engraved by John W. Van Cleve. The price of the paper was fifty eents for thirteen numbers. Two files of the Log Cabin, which attained a national reputation, are on the shelves of the Dayton Publ Library. . .

Peter Odlin was the Fourth of July orator in 1840, and the Declaration of Independence, "prefaced by some happy remarks," was read by John G. Lowe. The exercises were held at the Third Street Presbyterian Chureh. veThe: Dayton: Grays 'and the Washington Artillery, a» new military company, paraded.

On the 15th of December the Messrs. Comly began to issue the Journal asa daily paper. This was the first daily paper published here. The subscription was six dollars per year. The project was soon abandoned: and a tri-weekly issued. A daily paper was not again attempted till 1847.

short and pleasant trip. A guard accompanied each coach and the drivers were well behaved and understood their business. There were two daily lives; "owned by J. & PP) Voorhees." One' 'left'at etoht' o'eloek'" in' the morning and the other at might, immediately after the arrival of the eastern mail. 7

Never in the history of the Northwest has there been a more exciting presidential campaign than that which preceded the election of General Wiel Harrison! and nowhere' "wae the' enthusiasm 'for*'the" hero. of Tippecanoe greater than in Dayton. A remarkable Harrison convention was held heré on the date of Perry's victory on Lake Erie, and tradition has preserved such extravagant accounts of the number present, the beauty of the emblems and decorations displayed, and the hospitality of oO g which the Journal began its account of the eelebration may almost be said to have been literally fulfilled: "Memorable and ever to be remembered as is the ca tei triumph achieved by the immortal Perry on the 10th of September, 1813, scarcely less conspicuous on the page of history will stand the noble commemoration of the event which has just passed before us."

Innumerable flags and Tippecanoe banners were stretched across the streets from roofs of stores and factories, or floated from private residences and from poles and trees. People began to arrive several days before the convention, and on the 9th crowds of carriages, wagons, and horsemen streamed into town. About six o'clock the Cincinnati delegation came in by the Centreville road. They were escorted from the edge of town by the Dayton Grays, Butler Guards, Dayton military band, and a number of citizens in carriages and on horseback. The procession of delegates was headed by eleven stage coaches in line with banners and music, followed by a long line of wagons and carriages. Each coach was enthusiastically cheered as it passed the crowds which thronged the streets, and the cheers were responded to by the eceupants of the coaches. Twelve canal-boats full of men arrived on the 10th, and every road which led to town poured in its thousands early in the morning.

~General Uarrison came as far as Jonathan Tlarshman's, five miles from town, on the Uth and passed the night there. Early in the morning his escort, which had been encamped at Fairview, marched to Mr. Iarshman's and halted there till seven o'eclock, when it got in motion under

A. procession from town, under direction of Chartes Anderson, chic marshal, met the general and his escort at the junction of the 'Troy and Springfield roads. The battahon of militia, commanded by Captain Bomberger, of the Dayton Grays, and Some TINE of the..Grays and Washington Artillery, of Dayton; the Citizens' Guards from Cincinnati; Butler Guards, of Henican, and Piqua fe es were formed in a hollow square, and General [farrison, mounted on a shite horse, his staff, and Governor Metcalf and staff, of Ientucky, were: placed in the center. "very foot of the road between town and the place where General Harrison was to meet the Dayton escort, was hterally choked up with people."

The immense procession, carrying banners and flags, and accompanied by canoes; log cabins. furnished in pioneer style, and trappers' lodges all on wheels, and filled with men, girls, and boys, the latter dressed in hunting shirts and blue caps, made a magnificent display. One of the wagons contained a live wolf enveloped in a sheep skin, representing the "hypocritical professions" of the opponents of the Whigs. All sorts of designs were carried by the delegations. One of the most striking was an immense ball, representing the Harrison States, which was rolled through the streets. The length of the procession was about two iniles. Carriages were usually three abreast, and there were more than one thousand in line. op 4

The day was bright and beautiful, and the wildest enthusiasm swayed the mighty mass of people who formed the most imposing ashe of '«this grandest spectacle of time," as Colonel Todd, an eye-witness, termed the procession. The following description of the scene, quoted by Curwen from a contemporary newspaper, partakes of the excitemen ( and extrayagance of the occasion: "The huzzas from gray-headed patriots, as the banners borne in the procession passed their dwellings, or the balconies where they had stationed themselves; the smiles and blessings, and waving kerchiefs, of the thousands of fair women who filled the front windows of every house; the loud and heartfelt acknow ledgments of their marked courtesy and generous hospitality by the different delegations, sometimes rising the same instant from the whole line; the glimpses at every turn of the eye of the fluttering folds of some one or. more of the six hundred and forty-four flags which displayed their glorious stars and stripes from the tops of the principal houses of every street, the soul-stirring music, the smiling heavens, the ever-gleaming Patios the emblems and mottoes, added to the intensity of the excitement.

spectators, whose acclamations seemed to rend the heavens. Second Street at that time led through a prairie, and the bystanders, by a metaphor, the sublimity of which few but westeners can appreciate, likened the excitement around them to a mighty sea of fire sweeping g, higher, till its flames licked the stars and fired the whole heavens.' " nes marching through shes principal streets, the procession was disbanded by General Harrison, at the National Hotel, on Third Street. At one o'clock the procession was reformed and moved to the stand erected for the speeches "upon a spacious plain" cast of Front Street and north of Third. Mr. Samuel Forrer, an experienced civil engineer, made an estimate of the space occupied by this meeting and of the number present at it. He says: "An exact measurement of the lines fty yards, including an area of nineteen thousand five hundred square yards, which, multiphed by four, would give seventy-cight thousand. Let no one who was present be startled at this result or reject this estimate till he compares the data assumed with the facts presented to his own view while on the ground. It is easy for anyone to satisfy himself that six, or even a greater number of individuals, may stand on a square yard of ground. Four is the number assumed in the present instance; the area measured is less than four and one half acres. Every farmer who noticed the ground could readily perceive that a much larger space was covered with people, though not so closely as that: portion measured. All will admit that an oblong not at any time during the first hour include near all that were on the east side of the canal. The tite of observation was the commencement of General Harrison's speech. Before making this particular estimate I had made one by comparing this assemblage with my recollection of the 25th of February convention at Columbus, and eame to the conelusion that it was at least four times as great as that." Two other competent. engineers measured the ground and the lowest estimate of the number of people at the mecting was seventy-eight thousand, and as thousands were still in town it was estimated that as many as one hundred thousand were here on the 10th of September.

Places of entertainment were assigned delegates by the committee appointed for that purpose, but it was also announced in the Journal that no one need hesitate "to enter any house for dinner, where he may see a flag flying. Every Whig's latch string will be out,and'the flag will signify as much to all who are a hungry or athirst." A pn where dinner was furnished, as at the private houses without charge, was also announced as follows by the Journal: " We wish to give our visitors log cabin fare and plenty of it, and we want our friends in the country to help us.' A committee was appointed to take charge of the baskets of the farmers, who responded hberally to this appeal.

In early times when hotel and boarding house accommodations in Dayton were very limited, it was the custom, whenever there was a political or religious convention or any other large public meeting here, for the citizens to freely entertain the delegates at their homes. When the mecting was of a religious character, the different denominations assisted each other in entertaining the guests. On such occasions the hot dinner, which was served if possible, was ae lemented by large quantities of roast and boiled meat, poultry, cakes, pies, and bread that had been prepared beforehand.

All the houses in Dayton occupied by Whigs were crowded to their fullest capacity ae the Harrison convention and again at the Clay convention in 1842. One family, according to a letter from its mistress written at the time, entertained three hundred persons at dinner one day in 1842 and the same night lodged nearly one Sun guests. The writer states that the houses of all her friends and relatives were as crowded as her own, and says that this lavish eae was a repetition of what occurred in 1840. The letter contains an interesting description of a morning reception for ladies in 1842 at the residence of Mr. J. D. Philips, where Mr. Clay was staying. A crowd of women of all ranks and conditions, some in silk and some in calico, were present. Mr. Clay shook hands with them all, afterwards making a complimentary little speech, saying among other graceful things that the soft touch of the ladies had healed his fingers bruised by the rough grasp of the men, whom he had received the day before :

Among other interesting occurrences during the Harrison convention was the presentation, on the 9th of September, of a beautiful banner to the Tippecanoe Club of the town by the married ladies of Dayton. The banner was accompanied by an eloquent address written for the occasion by Mrs. D. KX. Este, and was presented in the name of the ladies to the club, who were drawn up in front of the residence of Mr. J. D. Phillips, by Judge J. HW. Crane. It was decorated on one side with an embroidered wreath, with a view of General Hfarrison's house in the center, and on the other side with a painting of Perry's victory on Lake Krie, executed by Charles Soule, "with the skill and taste for which he is so distinguished."

On the 11th of September the young ladies of Dayton presented a banner, "wrought by their own fair hands," to General Harrison. Daniel A. Ilaynes made the presentation speech.

The convention was addressed by many noted men. General Harrison was a forcible speaker, and his voice, while not sonorous, was clear and penetrating and reached the utmost limits of the immense crowd. Governor Metcalfe, of Kentucky, was a favorite with the people. A stone mason in early lite, he was called "stone hammer" to indieate the crushing blows inflicted by his logic and his sarcasm. The inimitable Thomas Corwin held his audience spell bound with his eloquence and humor, and kh. C. Schenck added greatly to his reputation by his incisive and witty speeches. RK. C: Schenck, J. H. Crane, and R.S. Hart were the Dayton speakers at the convention.

Municipal Histery - Beginning of Corporate History - Origiual Boundaries of the Town Site - Difficuities Connected with Securing Tithes - First Town Vlection - --Boundaries of the Settlement - Select Council in 1816 and Other Years--Boundaries of Wards - Addition to Market-house - City Officers from 1530 to 1850- - Officers' Salaries - Boundary Lines Defined - Polling Places Established in 1844 - Cholera in 1849 - -OfGe ers from 1850 to 1889 - ; rN 1805, the-corporate history of Dayton began. The first act of the | legislature investing the young settlement with corporate powers was passed' Webruary 12th, of bale year. This charter was amended in 1814, and again in 1829. The town was named in honor of Lon. Jonathan Dayton, LL. D., of New Jersey, a Revolutionary soldier, a delegate to the sotetaai laa al Convention, and a member of Congress, who was one of the four original owners of the town site. At that time, separated by only half the life of a generation from the stirring scenes of the Revolution, it was natural to find soldiers foremost in all large enterprises upon the fronticr. Still it is worthy of remark that of the four original owners, two had been commanders-in-chief of the armies of the United Statcs - General St. Clair in 1791 and General Wilkinson in 1796, while General Brown, one of the first settlers, who hved in 1797 and 1798 in a los cabin on the SHAN ob corner of Jefferson and Water streets, attained the same distinguished position in 1821, and held it until bis death in 1828. He entered the army from civil life when the War of 1812 broke out, and served with great credit. For distinguished bravery on the battle fields of Chippewa and Niagara Falls, and at the siege of Fort Hrie, he was voted the thanks of Congress and a gold medal. At the close of the war he was continued in commission as a major-general of the regular army, until his promotion to the chief command. Three of the principal streets, in compliment to Colonel Ludlow, General St. Clair, and General Wilkinson, have always retained their names.

The town site was bounded on the north by the Miami River, on the south by South or Sixth Street, on the east by Mill Street, and on the west by Wilkinson Street. The plat of the village at this ales contemplated a public square at the intersection of Main and Third streets, in the center of which the courthouse was to be located; but this arrangement: was changed by plats subsequently made. In the interval between the maki 193 ne of ane bh it "ea i Piha aut inshhen sdb yivedies if was seriously proposed, in consequence of the ereat flood in oe 1805, to abandon the improvements already made and locate the village en the high ground of what is now Kast Third Street and east of High Street. But our pioneer fathers elung to the water sourses, "the natural highways." They knew how convenient they were at times, and they were not to be driven from the river banks even by destructive floods.

The difficulties connected with securing titles to the lands bave been set forth in other pages. Daniel C. Cooper, by preémption, by legisiation, and by the consent of the community, became proprictor of the town site, and the original settlers or their representatives received their letters through him. In the adjustment of their difficulties as to titles, a new plat was made by D. C. Cooper and Israel Ludlow April 26, 1802, and on the 27th it was sent to Cincinnati and recorded 1n the records of

It was three or four years after this before the individual difficulties of title were all adjusted, and after this had been done, in 1809, Mr. Cooper made a revised plat to conform to deeds and patents of citizens, as then fixed, and this has remained the plat of the toa Unfortunately the records of the city from 1806 until 1829 have been lost, and with them much valuable information concerning the early history of Dayton. By the act of incorporation, a town marshal, collector, supervisor, and seven trustees were to be elected annually by the frecholders who could claim six months' residence. The trustees were to elect a president and recorder from among themselves, and a treasurer, who was not required to be a trustee. cay

On the first Monday of May, 1805, the first town election was held The seven trustees elected comprised the select council of the town of Dayton, and their president was in effect mayor. In 1810, the population was but 383, and Cincinnati contained but 2,320. A paving ordinance at this date shows that the boundaries of the settlement were the river on the north from Main to Mill streets, Third Street on the south from Ludlow to St. Clair. The most closely-settled street seems to have been Main Strect, from the river to Third Street. On July 4, 1814, the first market house was opened to the public. A frame building oceupied the and Jefferson streets, which was, for many years after the building was torn down, in 1830, called Old Market Strect. Market was held here on sach Wednesday and Saturday, from 4 4. mM. to 10 a. M. The ordinance to vegetables within the town limits except on market days, but fresh meat and fish might be sold every day before eight o 'clock in thie morning.

In 1816, D. C. Cooper was elected president of the select council; Joseph Peirce, recorder, and Aaron Baker, HW. G. Phillips, Ralph. Wilson, O85 -Conmonand Georse Grove, trustees. .1In1820, 11..6., Phillips was elected president of the select council; George S. ITouston, recorder, and- Aaron Baker, Luther Bruen, David Henderson, William Huffman, and Dr. John Steele, trustees. In 1821, Matthew Patton was president of the' council, and George 8. Houston, recorder. In 1825, John Compton vas president, and Joseph H. Conover, recorder. In 1824, John Compton was president, and John W..Van .Cleye, recorder. In, 1825, Simeon Broadwell was president, and Warren Munger, recorder. In 1826, Elisha Brabham was) president, and Ro J. Skinner, recorder. In. 1827, Dr. Jobn Steele was president, and R. J. Skinner, recorder. In 1828, Dr. Joln Dteele amas president, and John W. Van Cleve, recorder.

In 1829, certain amendments were made to the charter, especially in restricting the suffrage to those who had been residents one year in the town, and in the power conferred on the council to regulate, license, or suspend the sale of liquor. . The first election under the amended charter was held March 6th of. that year, and John Folkerth was elected mayor; David Winters, recorder, and Nathame! Wilson, James Tlaight, John Rench, Luther Bruen, and William Atkins, trustees. On the 24th of November, 1829, the council passed an ordinance separating the town into vards with the ee boundaries:

First Warp - Bounded on the north by the Miann and Mad rivers; on the south by Second Street; on the west by Jefferson Street, and on the east by the corporation hne. Seconp Warnp - Bounded on the north by the Miami Riv er; on the south by Second Street; on the east by Jefferson Street, and on "a west by the Miami River.

Tuirp Warp - Bounded on the north by Second Street; on the south by the south hne of Market Street, and a continuance of that line due west to the river; east by Jeflerson Street, and west by the river.

Fourtn Warp - Bounded on the north by a line running due east from the river to the south line of Market Strect and along that line to Jefferson Street; thence north to Third Street, and along Third Street to the corporation line; on the south by Fifth Street, and on the east by the LIENS De

In October, 1829, the building committee of the new market-house were authorized by the council to build, in addition to the market-house of two hundred feet, a couneil honse on the west end of the market space fronting on, Main Street, to be of brick, 20x16 feet, surmounted by a

In March, 1830, the following city officers were elected: John W. fan Cleve, mayor; iE. W. Davies, recorder; Misha Brabham, First Ward, A... Warst, Secand. Ward} Reid; Skainiver, Third? Ward) IN. Wilson; Fourth Ward, and Thomas Brown, Fifth Ward, trustees. In March, 1831, Mr. Van Cleve was reélected mayor, and Mr. Davies recorder. The following were the trustees elected at that time: First Ward, Thomas Clegg; Second Ward, Charles R. Greene; Third Ward, David Hawthorn; Fourth Ward, N. Wilson; and Fifth Ward, Beniah Tharpe. In March, 1832, Mr. Van Cleve was again elected mayor, F. I'. Carnell, recorder, and the following were the trustees: First Ward, C.G. Swain; Second Ward, John Compton; Third Ward, Dr. John Steele; Fourth W: ard, N. Wilson;.and Fifth Ward, Beniah Tharpe. 3 election taking place under the new charter in the following May. This charter was granted March 8th, of that year, but was subject to a vote of the people. The vote, as published by' the recorder, was as follows: Three hundred and eighty-two for it, to 878 against it. The mayor, in presence of the council, proclaimed that the act to incorporate the city of Dayton had taken sas and was in full foree. It was thereupon resolved that the mayor should issue a proclamation'for an election under the charter on Paturday,. May 22. from 12° mM. to 4 P.M., for' a mayor, marshal, treasurer, and two trustees for each ward, all of whom shall hold his office until the first Monday in January, 1842. At the election 902 votes were cast. William J. McKinney was elected mayor, Epriam Broadwell, marshal, and David Stout, treasurer. The councilmen elected were: First Ward, Henry Kimes and Samuel T. Harker; Second Ward, Peter Odlin and Samuel 'McPherson; Third Ward, Henry L. Brown and David, Winters; Fourth Ward, David Davis and John Engle; Fifth Ward, Madison Munday and Henry Strickler. In June, Mr. McPherson resigned, and William F. Comly was elected by the council to the vacancy. :

On May 24, 1841, the new council assembled for the first time, and elected Peter Odlin president, and A. M. Bolton clerk and recorder. The salary of the mayor was fixed at $200, and that of the clerk and recorder at $400. The salary of the marshal was fixed at $360, and the treasurer was allowed two per cent on all disbursements.

In December, 1841, an official plum attracted the attention of the city fathers, and the council ordered the publication of a pamphlet with statistics of Dayton to present to the commissions appointed by the president to report on the location of a western armory, Seven hundred copies of this pamphlet were printed, but their publication did not succeed in securing the location of the armory at Dayton.

no compensation for themselves, but at a subsequent mecting in the same month, they established their compensation at fifty cents for each meetine. At the election held this month there were 616 votes cast, and the following officers were elected: Mayor, William J. Mclkinney; marshal, Ephraim Broadwell; constables, Samuel Foley and Ebenezer Henderson; treasurer, David Stout; trustees - First Ward, D. A. Wareham, one year; JG. Stutsman, two years. Second: Ward, Peter Odlin, one year; William I. Comly, two years. Third Ward, Richard Greene, one year; H. L. Brown, two years... Fourth Ward, Daniel Keifer, one year; John H. Mitchell, two years. Fifth Ward, Madison Munday, one year; Henry Strickler, two years. The new council organized January 8, 1843, electing Peter Odlin president, and A. M. Bolton clerk.

In December, 1842, the following council was elected: First Ward, Georse OC. Davis;, Second Ward; Peter Odling: Third Ward; Wallam Huffman; Fourth Ward, Henry Kissinger; Fifth Ward, John Painter. Decémber, 1843, Wilham J. McKinney was reélected mayor, and the following councilmen were elected: First Ward, J. G. Stutsman; Second Ward. Walliam PoComly; Zhindi W ard, Wenry lL. Brown; PourthW ard, David Davis; Fifth Ward, Henry Strickler. Peter Odlin was reélected president, and A. M. Bolton, clerk. December, 1844, the councilmen elected were as follows: First Ward, George C. Davis; Second Ward, Peter Odlin; Third Ward, Hiram Wyatt; Fourth Ward, Henry Nissinser; Fifth Ward, Richard: Chambers, The »same\ persons were! 'again

In December, 1845, William J. Mciinney was reélected mayor. The following, councilmen were also elected: First Ward, J. G. Stutsman; Second Ward, William F. Comly; Third Ward, Adam Speice; Fourth Ward, Jacob, Malambre; Wifth Ward, Samuel Marshall. The offices of president and clerk jagain fell to Peter. Odlin and A. M. Bolton. In December, 1846, the councilmen elected were: First Ward, J. H. Achey; Second Ward, John Howard; Third Ward, J. M. Sullivan; Fourth Ward, Henry Kissinger; Fifth Ward, D. 8. Raymond. John Howard was chosen president, and A. M. Bolton, clerk.

In December, 1847, G. W. Bomberger ~vas elected mayor for two years, but died June 21, 1848, and John Howard was appointed his successor by the council. E. Fowler was appointed'to the vacancy thus made in the Second Ward. The councilmen elected in December, 1847, were as follows: First Ward, J..G. Stutsman; Second Ward, William F. Comly; Third Ward, B. Gilbert; Fourth Ward, Jonathan Kinney; Fifth Ward, A. EH. McClure. December, 1848, the councilmen elected were: First Ward, Adam Pritz; Second Ward, Henry Herrman; Third Ward,

Municipal Jiistory

Rk. A. Kerfoot; Fourth Ward, Jacob Richmond: "Fitth Perlirdl Wesley Boren, and from the newly created Sixth Ward, Ww. N. Love, one year, and ll ae John. Mr. John resigned and D.S. Raymond was elected May 25, 1849. Wilham EF. Comly was elected president of the council, ane W ifiam C. Bartlett, clerk. |

In December, 1849, John Howard was elected mayor, and the following councilmen were elected: First Ward, Samuel Taylor; Second Ward, Wilham F. Comly; 'Third Ward, Mark Reed; Fourth': Ward, Jonathan Kanney; Fifth Meat BOC) Bakers Sixth' Ward) WwW. Nv Love! William F. Comly was elected president of the council, and William C. Bartlett, clerk. In June, 1850, Henry Beichler was elected to represent the Fifth 'Ward in the place of F.C. Baker, resigned, August 9th Andrew Gump took the place of R. A. Kerfoot, resigned. In December, 1850, the councilmen elected were: First Ward, A. Decker; Second Ward, I. B. Chapman; Third Ward, Jonathan Harshman; Fourth Ward, Methusaleh Worman; Fifth Ward, Wesley Goren; Sixth Ward, A. EH. McClure.

In July, 1842, the council agreed to make the annual salary of the mayor $150, that of the clerk $250, that of the marshal $400, and of the members of council one dollar each for each mecting held after June 1, 1843.

In the fall of 1845, John Quincey Adams passed through Dayton on his way to Cincinnati to dedicate the observatory, and the hospitality of the city was tendered hina by the following resolution of the council, passed November 6th: 3

"Resolved, That the members of the. council proceed to the corporation line, anc escort Mr. Adams to the city, when the president is instructed to welcome him to the hospitality of the city." |

A cominittee, consisting of Messrs. Davis, Stutsman, and Comly, was appointed to arrange with Mrs. sam the landlady, for the entertainment of the distinguished guest, and Mr. Comly was directed to strike off handbills, to notify the citizens. vi Adams made a brief response from the balcony of the hotel to the address of welcome, and the next morning resumed his journey.

" Wiurreas, The face of the eastern wall of the courthouse, and the original face of the eastern wall of the old tavern on in-lot Number 13, has been determined -by general agreement of surveyors and by judicial g, eighteen inches on one face, and nine inches on the other. One of said stones to be sect in Main Street, the top level with the curbstone, sixteen and one half feet from the perpendicular line of the face of the brick work of the east wall of the courthouse; one in Main Strect, facing east, which face shall be sixteen and one half feet from the perpendicular line of the east face of the original log wall of the old 'tavern, on. the corner of Main and Water streets, and the northern face in range with the north face of said tavern; one of said stones to be set-in Water Street, the northern face sixteen and one half feet from the Water Street front of the dwelling, corner of Water and Mill streets, and the eastern edge in exact range with the Mill Street front of the same hous

These stones were set as eae to the council ne 1846, by William G. George, county surveyor, and James H. Mitchell, city enginecr, in presence of J. W. Van Cleve al sixteen other witnesses.

eanal; Second Ward, at Independent Engine Ilouse, on Second Street between Main and ak Tinrd Ward, at Safety Engine House, on Ludlow. Street, between Second:and Third; Fourth) Ward, at Jimmy Elliott's cabinet shop, northwest corner of Fourth and Main strects; Fifth Ward, at Eastern School House, on Brown Street.

That portion of the city called Oregon, lying south of Frenchtown and east of the canal, was platted in 1845, and about the same time the plat of West Dayton, from the river west on Third to Willams streets, was made, and that of Mexico, lying immediately west of West bate: All that part of the city lying west ot the river, between Wolf Creek and the Germantown pike, was subsequently called Mian City, and now West Dayton.

In the summer of 1849, Dayton had a severe visitation of the cholera, about two hundred and twenty-five deaths oceurring during the summer. A board of health was appointed, of which George B. Holt was president. A. cholera hospital was established, with Dr. Edwin Smith in charge. Liberal appropriations were made by the council; citizens' rehef committees were appointed; the streets and alleys were white and redolent with chloride of line. Business was almost suspended, but few people left town. The oflicers of the city, the physicians and the citizens united to remain at their posts and help those in need.