Pickaway Township (part 19 of 49)

Ralph married Charlene Dresbach (daughter of Charles and Marcella Vaughan Dresbach). Ralph and Charlene had five children: Rachel married Patrick Meyer; Karen married Gary Hovis; Byron married first Joan Goodman, second Ursula Lind; Crystal; and JoAn married Monte Matteson. They have eleven grandchildren: Sam, Kate and Tina Meyer; Rachel, Jolene, Hannah and Holden Woolever; Nick and Brynn Hovis; and Logan and Phoebe Matteson.

Peter Wright Family

Joshua Wright and Elizabeth Empson were married in England in 1669 and immigrated to Burlington County, New Jersey in 1679. Their daughter Elizabeth Wright married Peter Frettwell in Burlington County in 1688. Their daughter, Elizabeth Fretwell, born in Burlington County 1692, married Jonathan Wright in 1712. Their son, Fretwell Wright married Margaret Ellis in Burlington in 1738. Their son, Peter Fretwell Wright, was baptized in 1742 in Burlington County and married his second wife, Elizabeth Fisher, in 1768. She was born in Sussex County, Delaware.

Peter Wright, the son of Peter Fretwell Wright and Elizabeth Fisher, married Nancy Corbin about 1808 in Sussex County, Delaware. Peter was employed as a teamster during the War of 1812. Sometime before 1820 the family moved to Ross County, Ohio. Peter and Nancy had eight children: Joshua (1810-1879), Peter (1820-1889), John (1821- 1870), Elizabeth (1823-1862), Levinia (1826- 1887), Stephen (1828-1906), Nancy (1832-?) and Druzilla (1836-?).

On April 6, 1856 Peter Wright, the son of Peter Wright and Nancy Corbin, married Sarah Dungan, the daughter of John and Priscilla (Beckett) Dungan. Sarah was born in 1836 in Wayne Township, Pickaway County not long before her father's death. Peter and Sarah farmed 122 acres in New Holland, Perry Township, Pickaway County, where Peter died in 1889. By then, five of their ten children were adults: Allen lived in Greenland, Ross County, Ohio; Milton in New Holland with his parents; Minerva Smith in Denton, Maryland; Dolly Miller in Spring City, Tennessee, Mary Nancy Parker in Greenland, Ohio. A guardian was appointed for the five who were still under age when Peter died: John, Stansberry, Minnie, Anna and Mottie.

Allen Wright (1857-1942) married Harriett Oakes (1862-1955), daughter of Joseph and Martha (Elder) Oakes in 1884. The Oakes and Elders were early settlers in Jackson and Vinton Counties. Allen and Harriett raised four children: Kathryn (1884-1965), Oather (1891-1975), Minnie (1892-1997), and Stephen (1905-1980).

Kathryn Wright taught at a school in Union Township, Ross County, before she married Freeman Carroll. Six of their seven children (Estelle, Dwight, Minnie, Grace, Ruth and Freda) grew to maturity in Chillicothe, Ohio. Their seventh child died in infancy. Grace, Ruth and Freda, known as the Carroll Sisters, sang on WPAY, a radio station in Portsmouth, Ohio for three years. Their career ended when Grace and her husband, Richard Bowdle, moved to Lincoln Park, Michigan in 1942.

The Bowdles divorced in 1947 and in 1949 Grace married Nathaniel Banks. A professional musician, Grace played the piano at local clubs and played the organ for several organizations.

Nathaniel died in 1996 and in 2000 Grace sold her home in Redford, Michigan where she had lived for 50 years, and moved to Jackson Township, Pickaway County, to live with her oldest daughter and son-in-law, Joan (Bowdle) and Donald Smith. Grace has three daughters, six grandchildren and nine great-grandchildren.

Ruth (1917-2001) married Clark Maughmer (1912-1995) who farmed first in Ross County and then in Jackson Township, Pickaway County. Ruth was an excellent seamstress and tackled all kinds of home decorating projects including refurnishing furniture. They leave four children, six grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.

Freda (1921-1990) married Neal Corcoran and lived in Clarksburg, Ross County before moving to Jackson Township. In addition to her musical ability, Freda was a schoolteacher and was also the family genealogist. They have three children, one grandchild and one great-grandchild.

Yates Family

Twenty-six-year-old David »* Yates came to Ross County, Ohio in 1800 from his native Virginia at the behest of Thomas Worthington who had observed his skill as a millwright and wanted to employ him in the newly founded town of Chillicothe.

David settled near South Salem where he met and married Christine Edmiston on May 1, 1803. Two children were born to them there - Thomas Lovell and John. In 1807 the Yates family moved to Deer Creek Township, Pickaway County where ten additional children were born. David built a saw and gristmill and a still house on Deer Creek, hewing the logs himself. When the buildings were completed, he cleared land and planted the first orchard in the area. In 1816 he was elected clerk of Deer Creek Township in the

During the War of 1812, David Yates was a commissioned officer serving under General Harrison. He died March 13, 1840 at the age of 65, leaving 12 descendants - Thomas Lovell, John, Reason, Nancy, Elizabeth, David, Mary Ann, Emeline, Mahlon, Amos, Joseph and Joshua.

John Yates, David's second son, was born December 26, 1805 and married Elizabeth Blue, daughter of John and Pencelia Reeves Blue in 1828. They were the parents of eleven children - David Reeves, Emily, Marcus Lafayette, DeWitt Clinton, William, John, Francis Marion, Socrates, Marinda, Roland Burbridge and Townsend.

John prospered as the result of hard work and a shrewd business sense, at one time owning some 1,300 acres of land. He was elected Justice of the Peace in 1835, as County Clerk in 1850 and also as County Commissioner. Before his death in 1878, he gave each of his children 100 acres of land and a horse and buggy. The red brick home farm (on Route 138, now owned by Gary and Cindy Sowers) was reserved for his widow, who died November 17, 1885.

David Reeves Yates, the first-born son of John and Elizabeth, was born August 1, 1829. He married Nancy Brown, daughter of Trustin Polk and Tabitha Wingate Cannon Brown in 1859. Their children were: Mary Elizabeth, Benjamin Floyd, Ballard Brown and Tabitha.

David R. bought 227 acres of land from his father and added to it until he owned 466 acres in Deer Creek Township and further property in Madison County. He served Deer Creek three times as Assessor and was elected State Representative on the Democratic ticket in 1879. He served several terms in the Ohio House.

ried Oliver Barr Hornbeck on January 27, 1881. Their children were: Mary Ethel (1884), who later married Laben Young of Kingston, Ohio. They were the parents of George David Young; Mary Etta (later Simkins); and Esther Maxine (later Morcombe).

Benjamin Floyd Yates, born February 7, 1865, first married Etta Dungan. She died giving birth to their son Grover. He later married Louella White, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Thornton White of Williamsport, Ohio in March of 1892.

Ben owned a 350-acre farm in Pickaway County and was County Auditor in 1896 and 1899. He bred a stable of racehorses, which merited several column inches in Van Cleaf's History of Pickaway Co. 1906.

Five sons were born to Ben and Louella: Benjamin Ballard (1892), the father of Helen (later Brown), and Tabitha Benadine (later Burns, then Bell); Thaddeus, who died, aged three years; David Adrian (1895) later father of David Lutz Yates; Harry Addison (1897) later father of George, Jack, Bette Lou and Mark Yates; and Melvin Austin (1902) later father of Nancy Lou and Mary Anne Yates.

Ballard Brown Yates, born February 6, 1870 was a bachelor who lived in Williamsport and Circleville. He was prominent in Democratic politics and served as Senator from Franklin and Pickaway Counties in the Ohio General Assembly, where his father, David Reeves Yates had served as a Representative from Pickaway County. He died in 1914 at the Southern Hotel in Columbus.

Tabitha Nancy, born February 7, 1874, the youngest child of David R. and Nancy Brown Yates, was the second wife of Charles S. Hunsicker from Williamsport. Webb Hunsicker was her stepson. She, too, was active in Democratic politics, serving as Committeewoman for the 11" District.

When her husband was killed at a railroad crossing, Tabitha made her home alternately with her nieces, Ethel Young and Esther Robb. She died in Kingston September 29, 1936.

Few descendants of this branch of the Yates family remain in Pickaway County. However, they retain a strong interest in, and loyalty to, the fertile farmland of their ancestors.

Harry A. Yates Family

Pictured above are Harry A. Yates (1897- 1965) and wife Margo Littleton Yates (1897- 1974) and their children taken at Mr. and Mrs. Yates' 50" wedding anniversary in 1965 in Grove City, Ohio. Mr. Yates is a descendant of David Yates (1774-1840) who came to the Williamsport, Ohio area in about 1798. He married Christina Edminston (1783-1835) from near Chillicothe, Ohio. They had 12 children, among whom was John B. Yates (1805-1878) who married Elizabeth Blue (1808-1885) of Madison County, Ohio. They had 11 children among whom was David Reeves Yates (1819-1882) who married Nancy Brown (1836-1877) of Circleville, Ohio. Their children were Mary Elizabeth (1860-1920), Benjamin Floyd Yates (1865-1932), Ballard B. Yates (1870-1914) and Tabitha Yates Hunsicker (1874-1936).

Benjamin Floyd was married to Louella May White (1867-1927) and their children were: ' Harry Yates and his brothers: Benjamin B. Yates (1892-1918), Thaddeus (1894-1898), David Adrian Yates (1895-1968), Melvin Austin

Circleville area. Their mother, Louella May White, of Williamsport, Ohio, was the daughter of Dr. Thornton Fleming White, MD (1838-1891) and Anna Nichols White (1843-1934),

The picture above reading from left is: Mark S. Yates (1931), George Adrian Yates (1916-1989), Margo Littleton Yates and Harry Addison Yates, Bette Yates Teasley (1920) and Jack Addison Yates (1918-1976). There are eight grandcnildren and a number of great-grandchildren who survive.

Younkin Family

Henrich Junghen immigrated from Germany in the 1700s. In time, members of the family migrated from Bucks County to Somerset and other counties in Pennsylvania, to Virginia and Ohio. Surnames include: Junghen, Younkin, Youngkin, Yonkin, plus others.

My grandfather, Horton H. Younkin, was born February 16, 1860 in Athens County, Ohio, the son of William and Catherine (Knight) Younkin. He had a twin brother and sister, Edward Ellsworth and Ellazor Younkin, born April 14, 1863 in Athens County, Ohio. Catherine died about four years later and is buried in Marshall, Illinois. William died in Horton's home in about 1900 and is buried at Florence Cemetery, Muhlenberg Township, Pickaway County, Ohio. Edward died in 1932 and is buried at Mt. Sterling, Ohio. Horton, a farmer, married Dorothy Thrush on September 25, 1884 and settled in Pickaway County. Their children were: Nora Harris (1887-1941), Earl (1889-1956), Fred (1891-1983), Howard (1894-1964), Everett (1897-1972), Mildred Hoover (1899-1964), Edith Mithoff (1903-1980) and Bernice Drake (1906-1923). Dorothy died in her home in South Bloomfield on May 16, 1939 and Horton died June 16, 1950 in the home of his son, Fred, in Ashville, Ohio. During their marriage, they were members of Scioto Chapel United Brethren Church, Robtown, Ohio.

The family occupations were farmers, truckers, merchants, newsmen, bankers, teachers, ministers, nurses, doctors, attorneys, carpenters/ contractors, musicians and above all, fathers and mothers. Howard, a carpenter, built many homes in Pickaway and surrounding counties, one being Fred's, with his assistance, in 1927, where I was born and currently reside. He was the father of Floyd Younkin (1917-1997) who, among many things, was the owner of Greenlawn Mobile Home Sales and Parks, and whose family made it possible for the Pickaway County Library to have a beautiful branch in Ashville, and for the Younkin Success Center at Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

My father, Fred, was a carpenter and a musician. He was a left-handed violin player. One of his violins was modified so that he did not have to play it "backwards." He played in an orchestra various places over the state of Ohio, including the Ohio State Fair. His sons, Delano and Robert Younkin had a grocery and the Dairy Shed in South Bloomfield for many years. Delano and his son, Donald, had the original Dairy Shed in Circleville (1962-1990), and Robert and his wife, Catherine, had the Dairy Shed in Williamsport (1963-1989). His grandson, Donald Younkin, is a general contractor and great-grandson, Todd Younkin, is a building contractor in Pickaway County. I was a secretary/paralegal for attorney Harry Margulis in Ashville for 25 years. My parents, sister and I were active in the Ashville C.C.C.U. Church.

Horton, Dorothy and all of their children, except Fred, are buried in Harrison Township Cemetery, South Bloomfield. Fred, Alna (Dudleson 1892-1993) and three infants are buried in Jackson Township Cemetery, Fox, Ohio. My brothers, Delano (died in 1996) (Mildred Ward, died in 1989) and Robert (died in 1989) (Catherine Taylor, died in 1993) are buried in Harrison Township Cemetery.

Howard's family members who are current residents of Pickaway County are Marjorie (Younkin) Wilson, daughter, and Michael (Sandy) Wilson, one of her sons; Luann (Dale) Boone, a daughter of Gladys (Younkin) West (died in 2001), daughter; Dennis, Jack (Carla), and David (Joni) Ballard, sons, and Jason (Martha) Ballard, grandson of Betty Ballard-Carstens, a daughter of Gladys West; Scarlett (Thomas) Ebenhack, a daughter of Floyd Younkin and Wesley Ebenhack, one of their sons, and Pamela (Mark) Puckett, a daughter of Russell Younkin (died in 2003), son.

Fred's family members who are current residents of Pickaway County are Rachel Maxine Younkin, daughter; Donald (Carole) Younkin, a son of Delano, and two of their three children, Kimberly (Dan) Pohl and son, and Karyn (Daryl) Wolfe and children; Barbara (Barch) Younkin, widow of Ronald M. Younkin (died in 1995), a son of Delano and their children, Tamara Younkin- Chafin and children; Todd (Pamela) and children, and Trevor (Nichole), and Judith (Michael) Topping, a daughter of Marilyn (Ted) Giese, Delano's daughter, and children. My only surviving sibling is Ermalee (Howard) Shumate who reside on their farm in Madison County, Ohio.

There are many other grandchildren, greatgrandchildren, etc. of Horton H. and Dorothy Younkin who reside in other counties in Ohio and in other states.

I want to acknowledge my "distant cousins," Mark Miner and Donna (Younkin) Logan for permitting me to use research information on their websites, www.minerd.com and www.familytrail. com, for our early ancestors and from the research of my nephew, the late Ronald M. Younkin.

Mr. & Mrs. Bernard W. Young

MR. & MRS. BERNARD W. YOUNG Bernard and Elizabeth Ludwig Young were married in 1923 and lived at Mount Oval Farm in Pickaway Township. They were leaders in the original Emmett Chapel and in the local school, and they frequently opened their home for community activities and meetings of organizations. Bernard was born in 1882 in Pickaway Township, the son of George Clayton and Martha Drake Young. As a teenager he was employed by Carey Short, a widely known horseman, where he learned to match and train teams of horses for agriculture and for coal mines in Ohio, West Virginia and Kentucky. Before tractors were used, horses were necessary for farming and also in the mines to pull conveyances before

He served on the Pickaway County Fair Board at the time the grounds were being developed with the construction of the coliseum, grandstand and racetrack. He also served on the Pickaway Township School Board when the new building was added to the former school. Then he was elected to be a member of the Pickaway County School Board.

Elizabeth was elected to take his place on the Pickaway Township School Board and became the first woman president of the board for several terms. She was also superintendent of the original Emmett Chapel Sunday school and taught a class of teenagers and young adults. For many years she was a leader of 4-H clubs and then became the first county commissioner of Girl Scouts. She led the county project in constructing a building for a campsite on Scippo Creek for scout troops. Often asked to speak for high school graduation activities and for farmers institutes, she was an inspirational and popular speaker.

Bernard and Elizabeth made a home for Bernard's niece, Mary Ruth Tolbert after both of her parents were killed in accidents. Bernard had been appointed guardian of the four children and she was the youngest. They also expanded their family with other relatives on both sides of the families who came to spend time at Mount Oval, some to work on the farm and earn money for college and some to recuperate from illnesses. During the depression they organized a summer camp for children where they could experience farm living and learn to ride horses, swim, fish and enjoy an extended program of camp activities and good food. Many leading businessmen of Circleville had been Mount Oval Campers in their youth.

Elizabeth was born at Mount Oval in 1879, the fourth child of Daniel and Julia Steely Ludwig. When both of Julia's parents became invalids following strokes, the Ludwigs purchased the Steely farm and moved their family to the larger house on the Haysville Road. Tragedy struck again when Julia suffered a fatal stroke and left Daniel with four children and two bed patient in-laws. After their deaths, Daniel moved his family to Circleville to have better schools for the children. All four children graduated from Everts High School and Elizabeth attended a college in New York State before it was necessary for her to return to care for her father.

When dividing his property with his children before his death, Elizabeth asked for the farm and house at Mount Oval even though tenants had lived there for more than thirty years and the frame part was dilapidated. She took on the restoration of the house, riding the interurban car to Hayesville and walking cross country three miles to supervise the restoration, then walking back three miles to return to care for her aged father. Later she moved him to Mount Oval where he died.

Elizabeth's ambition was to be a "country woman" taking part in building the community. At her death at the age of 87, she was acclaimed for her lifelong contributions as a leader of Pickaway County.

The accompanying photo was taken when Bernard was taking Elizabeth to Chillicothe to board a train en route to Boston for a summer visit with her sister's family, Warren K. and Eveline Ludwig Morehead who lived at Andover where Dr. Morehead was head of an archeological museum. He was the archeologist who explored many Ohio mounds as well as in other states. He had also served as head of the Ohio State Historical Society's Archeological Museum. The Moreheads were frequent visitors to Mount Oval. Elizabeth was also close to her older sister, Mary, who married Charles Tuller of Dublin, Ohio and the Tuller family often visited Mount Oval.

John & Sarah Young Family

John Young, a farmer, was born in 1790 and died in 1843. He married Sarah H. Myers who was born in 1801 and died in 1878. They are buried in the old Dutch Hollow Cemetery, Fairfield County, Ohio.

Silas Young, the 13" child, was born in 1840 and died in 1918. He was a farmer, cabinetmaker and violinist. In 1866 he married Mary Ann Winstead who was born in 1848 and died in 1907. Mary Ann was a daughter of S.S. Winstead, a farmer and teacher. He was born in 1818 and died in 1877. Her mother was Elizabeth Hoffman who was born in 1816 and died in 1890. She was a daughter of George Hoffman and Mary Harpster.

Louisa Jane Young was born in 1867 and died in 1953. She was a pioneer teacher at Fort Scott, Kansas. Louisa Jane married Harry H. Groce who was born in 1867 and died in 1950. Harry Groce was a teacher and bookkeeper. He was born to Amos Groce who was a farmer and to Sarah R. Berger who was born in 1841 and died in 1926.

Helen Marie Groce was born in 1895 and died in 1984. Helen was a teacher. She married Edward C. Wolf in 1925. Edward was born in 1878 and died in 1966. He was a businessman.

Their children are: Mary Ann Wolf, born 1926 and a teacher, Elizabeth Wolf who was born in 1927 and is a registered nurse, and Edward C. Wolf, Ph. D., a college music teacher and a college administrator. He was born in 1932. In 1961 Edward married Marjorie Ann Swanson who was born in 1937. Marjorie is a registered dietician and a church organist. Their son, Edward C. Wolf, was born in 1971. He is a paramedic and library technician. In 1999 Edward married Adriana Crisan. Adriana is a college administrator. Their daughter, Elizabeth, was born in 2004. Their son, Adam Edward, was born January 17, 2005.

William Young & Mary Emerson

William Young, Jr. married Mary (Polly) Emerson, daughter of Thomas Emerson and Mary Downey Emerson in 1804 in Cumberland, Maryland. They moved to Ohio with the Emerson Family in 1807 from Hampshire County, Virginia. Mary carried their 6-week-old daughter, Eliza Jane, to Ohio on horseback.

William's father had also planned to move his family to Ohio, and he had purchased congressional land in Pickaway County at Chillicothe in 1803 and again in 1805. An accident or illness on his return trip to Virginia caused his death and his son, Michael, acting as attorney-in-fact, settled his estate in the court at Romney in 1806.

His estate included 337 acres on the south branch of the Potomac River that he had leased in 1763 from Colonel Thomas Cresap, stockholder in the Ohio Company. His service in the Revolutionary War added 50 acres granted in 1791 and another 50 acres to correct a survey error. In the original indenture, he agreed to pay Cresap "annual rent of 7 shillings sterling and 7 shillings current Virginia money, planting 150 apple trees and keeping them in good repair, building a dwelling house with chimney 25' long and 18" wide. Also clearing an acre of meadow sowing good English grass every year for 10 years."

William Sr. enlisted in the Revolutionary army in 1777 and served as sergeant through 1780. He let his pay of $8 or $10 per day accumulate until his discharge when he paid off the indenture in 1784.

William Jr. was also a Revolutionary soldier and was granted 50 acres in Virginia for his service. When he moved to Ohio, he purchased several tracts of Congressional Land along Kingston Pike as shown on the Wheeler Map. At his death in 1844, his children who inherited this land were: | )Eliza Jane, buried in Ebenezer Cemetery; 2)Jesse, married Mary Ann Clough, buried in the Emerson-Young Family Cemetery; 3)Harriet, married Bernard Morris, children were Mary Eleanor and Amos K.; 4)James, married Minerva Clayton in 1837 who died in 1846 leaving three small children. James married Isabella Saxon in 1848 and 5)Margaret, who married Samuel Stevens had one daughter, Mary Ellen.

Minerva Clayton was disinherited by her southern family for marrying a Yankee, James Young. Her three children were: 1)Ephraim, married Mary Ellen Hoover; 2)Eliza Jane, married George Ludwig; and 3)George Clayton, married Martha Drake, daughter of Jesse and Elizabeth Valentine Drake. Jesse was a Civil War veteran, buried in the Pontius Church Cemetery.

George and Martha Young had five sons and seven daughters. Their sons were: 1)James Wilmer, married Grace Krug, son George W.; 2)Charles Clayton, was Pickaway County Recorder and later Probate Judge, married Ethel Littleton, son Clayton and daughter Eleanor married Bill Hegele; 3)J.L. (Buddy) married Ethel Hornbeck, son, George D., Circleville Lawyer and Probate Judge, married Miriam Bailey who died in 1984. The children are G. David and Ellen A. He married Ellen Bennett Lauer in 1986. Buddy and Ethel's daughters were Mary Etta, married Richard Simkins and Esther, who married Derek Morcomb from England; 4)Bernard W. married Elizabeth Ludwig and they reared their niece, Mary Ruth Tolbert; 5)Robert J. married Frances Riegel, children are Robert Riegle, married Donna Fleming Coram, and Mary Ellen married Gerald Neale, children are Daniel and Robert Riegle Neale.

George D. Young served in World War I, rising to major in counter intelligence and was awarded the U.S. Bronze Star for heroic action in the Battle of the Bulge in Germany and in the liberation of France.

George and Martha Young's daughters were: 1) Iva Elizabeth, married Dillon Bartley, children were Curtis, Mary, Helen, Ethel, Edward and Dorothy; 2) Mary Florence, married William H. Tolbert, children were Martha Elizabeth, teacher in Circleville Schools for 22 years and Parma Heights for 22 years. Florence married Russell Evans, daughter Marilyn married James Arledge, William F., newspaper editor, married Virginia Albert Hurt, step-son Edward Hurt and son William F. Jr. and; 4) Mary Ruth, emeritus professor at Ohio State University, resides in Pickaway Township.

3) Blanche married Harry Gatrell, children were James and Evelyn, who taught at Kettering, Ohio; 4) Lillian who was Circleville City Auditor for 29 consecutive years; 5) Bess married William Rowe, moved to Iowa and later to California, children were Louise, Donald, and Rosemary; 6) Ruth married Walter Denman, was a teacher in Circleville, Pickaway Township and New Holland Schools and 7) Ida Grace, married Frank Goff and worked at the Columbus Dispatch.

Descendants now living in Pickaway County in the 21 century are Marilyn Evans (James) Arledge, son James R. who married Letisha Everman, children Dustin and Denise; and daughter Krista married Jeffrey Amann, children Jeffrey R. and Matthew.

Henry Ziemer/Zimmer/Ziemmer, wife Elizabeth and seven children - George, Henry, Frederick, Abraham, Margaret, Phillip and Catharine (Kate) - migrated in 1799 to the Northwest Territory via Maryland, Pennsylvania and the German Nation. Henry had served in the Maryland Militia during the Revolutionary War. They settled on one-half section 27, Washington Township, then Ross County (Ohio, 1803). In 1809 Henry sold the land and moved to Knox County (near Wooster, Ohio), purchasing one-quarter section of land for each of the five sons. On September 10, 1812, the parents and daughter "Kate" were killed by Indians and were buried on the home farm in Mifflin Township, now Ashland County, Ohio, Knox 1812, Richland 1813.

After the massacre, the sons, except Frederick, sold their land. Henry went to Shelby County, Phillip to Fairfield County, daughter Margaret (Shanafelt) to Montgomery County. George and Abraham had remained in what became in 1810 Washington Township, Pickaway County, Ohio. George married Barbara Zieger, resided in Circleville Township and was buried in Forest Cemetery in Circleville, Ohio. In 1833 the western sections of Washington Township were set off as Circleville Township.

Abraham Ziemer/Zimmer, 1782-1850, Washington Township farmer, married 1808, Fairfield County, Ohio, Susanna Cridlebaugh, 1788-1836. They had seven children: Jacob, died in 1880; Mary (Metzger), died in 1842; John, died in 1891, Allen County, Indiana; Elizabeth (Waddle), died in 1901, Union County, Ohio; Abraham I, died in 1831; Catharine (Foote), died in 1903, Allen County, Indiana; Sahra, died in 1835. Susanna, Abraham I and Sahra are buried in Zion Lutheran Cemetery, Jacob and sister Mary are buried in Forest Cemetery, Circleville, Ohio.

Abraham married Maria (Mary) Shank Wann, 1804-1852, in 1836 in Pickaway County, Ohio. They had five children: Abraham II, died in 1839; twins George Washington, 1840-1882 (2 ch) and Andrew Jackson, 1840-1916; Susanna (Shutt), 1842-1923, Pike County, Missouri (4 ch); Sophia, 1846-1864 (Unm). Abraham, Sr., Mary and Abraham II are buried in Zion Lutheran Cemetery, Washington Township, Pickaway County, Ohio. George and sister Sophia are buried in St. Paul Church Cemetery, Washington Township. The orphaned children, age 12 and under, had guardianship for their inherited land. Maria was widow of William (Wilhelm) Wann, died in 1831, five Wann children: Elizabeth, died in 1838; Isabelle (Leist); Daniel; John; Catharine, died in 1831.

County, Ohio (no ch); Elmer, 1878-1934 (1 ch adopted); Clarence, 1880-1880 (infant). Nancy Ann, Charles and Clarence are buried in St. Paul Church Cemetery, Washington Township.

Margaret is buried in Hitler Ludwig Cemetery. John and Elmer are buried in Forest Cemetery, Circleville, Ohio. Harley and Rose are buried in Amanda Township Cemetery, Amanda, Ohio.

Andrew married Lucinda Hartsock/Hertzog/ Herzog, 1861-1907, in Hocking County, Ohio in 1884; seven children: Noah, 1885-1930, Franklin County, Ohio (3 ch); Hugh, 1886-1886; Andrew, 1887-1952, Fairfield County, Ohio (2 ch); Minnie, 1891-1891; Alonzo, 1892-1910 (17 y); Chester, 1895-1946, Fairfield County, Ohio (3 ch); Omer, 1897-1954 (7 ch). Andrew Sr., Lucinda, Noah, Hugh, Minnie, Alonzo, Andrew and Chester are buried in Maple Hill Cemetery, Stoutsville, Ohio. Andrew J. Seimer served 1862-1865 in the 114" OVI Co. K, Civil War. At this time, our name was changed to Seimer, but is pronounced as the German Ziemer.

Lucinda was the daughter of Nathaniel (1830-1883) and Lucinda Helber (1835-1921) Hartsock/Herzog, Hocking County, Ohio, a greatgreat-granddaughter of Peter (1700-1763) and Anna Margaretha Kuntz (1712-1783) Herzog, Frederick County, Maryland. Peter and Anna Herzog were born in Rhenish, Prussia.

Omer Franklin Seimer, 1897-1954, farmer and butcher, married Edith Marie Dumm, 1899- 1992, in 1918 in Ross County, Ohio. Omer and Edith resided in Washington Township, died in Pickaway County, buried in Forest Cemetery. They had seven children: Jean Charlotte, 1919- 2001, married Eugene B. Bach, 1916-1967, in 1936 and resided in Fayette County, Ohio, buried in Forest Cemetery (4 ch - Leonard; Edith; Ronald; Benjamin, died in 1956); James Andrew, 1920-2001, married 1946 to Eleanor L. Dechert, born 1926, residence in Franklin County, buried in Concord Cemetery, Franklin County (2 ch - Michael and William); Irene May; Mary Elizabeth, born 1926, married 1952 to Wayne L. Anderson, 1918-1992, residence Franklin County, Ohio, buried in Grove City Cemetery, Grove City, Ohio (2 ch - Patricia, died in 1992 and David); Richard Thomas, 1929-2001, married Ruth T. Goode, born 1928, in 1949, residence Pickaway County, buried in Forest Cemetery (9 ch - Teresa, Thomas, Patricia, Omer, John, Mark, Jeffrey, Christopher, Gregory); Franklin Delano, born 1933, married Ruth N. Hill, 1939-1991, in 1953, residence Pickaway County, buried Forest Cemetery (2 ch - Belinda and Sherri); George Bruce, born 1937, married Wanda J. Fetherolf, born 1940, in 1958, residence Pickaway County (3 ch - Bruce, Leah and Charles.)

Edith Dumm Seimer was a daughter of James Buchanan Dumm, 1856-1938, married in 1883 in Ross County, Ohio to Lydia Frances Cox/Coch/Kox, 1861-1910, buried Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, great great granddaughter of Peter Thum/Dumm (1754-1937). Peter married Catharine Drum, 1766-1854, in 1785 in Berks County, Pennsylvania, the daughter of George A. and Catharine Strasser Drum/Trum. Peter and Catharine Thum/Dumm came to Colerain Township, Ross County, in 1805. They had eleven children. He was a landowner and an itinerant shoemaker. Peter and Catharine are buried in Old Lutheran Cemetery, Adelphi, Ohio.

Peter Thum/Dumm served in the Revolutionary War 1778-1783 from Berks County. He was a lifeguard to General George Washington, the Commander-in-Chief. The guard, "Independent Troop of Light Dragoons," under Captain Bartholomew VonHeer, was a small elite group of soldiers who spoke only the German language and accompanied General Washington wherever he went.

Irene May, born 1923, Pickaway County, in 1952 married Earl E. Wilson, born 1919 in Pickaway County, died 1989 in Franklin County, Ohio, buried in Forest Cemetery. They resided in Pickaway County and had one child - Lydia Irene, born 1954, Pickaway County, married in 1975 to Emest L. Legg, born 1952. They have twin children: Ernest L. Legg Il and Kaitlin Marie, born 1987 in Rochester, New York. They live in Fairport, New York. Ernest is the son of Earnest L. and Marlyn Mullins Legg, Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania. Earl, a farmer and machine operator (E.I. DuPont Company), served three and a half years in the Army Air Force during World War II in England as a B-17 engine mechanic in the Eighth Air Command. Earl is the son of Coit H., 1898-1976, and Elizabeth Fausnaugh Wilson, 1902-1964. They resided in Scioto Township, Ohio and are buried in Muhlenberg Township Cemetery, Pickaway County, Ohio. His brother, Harold F., 1918-2003, married in 1941 to Marjorie W. Younkin, born 1920, residence Ashville, Ohio, buried in Floral Hill Cemetery, Pickaway County (2 ch - Michael and Gary). Marjorie is the daughter of Howard W. and Tessa M. Green Younkin. Harold and Earl descend from Lodowic Willson, Chesterfield County, Virginia and Johann John Fasnacht, Washington County, Maryland.

The descendants of Henry Ziemer/Zimmer/Ziemmer are found in all walks of life and places and a mixture of Christian faiths as they go forward into a second half of a third century in America.

Tony is the son of Paul LaVere and Juanita Yvonne (Johnson) Robinson. He was born and raised in Lafayette, Indiana, graduated from Jefferson High School, Lafayette, attended Indiana State University, Indiana Vocational Technical College, Hanover College and is a graduate of the Ohio State Barber College. He has his own barbershop in downtown Circleville located at 228 1/2 N. Court Street. He is amember of Hedges Chapel United Methodist Church, Ashville, Ohio, Masonic Lodge #123, Lafayette, Scottish Rites Ohio, Shriners, Elks Lodge #77, Boy Scouts of America, Ohio Genealogical Society, Ohio and Pickaway County Historical Societies.

Tony is an Eagle Scout, former scout master, and former district commissioner of the Simon Kenton District. He serves on the Evangelism Committee as Chairman at Hedges Chapel, Zoning Board member Circleville Township, Past President Junior Chamber of Commerce-Lafayette, Indiana, Ohio Society Sons of the American Revolution Southeast District Chairman, and in 2005-2006 Secretary of State OHSSAR. He has been in Ohio 25 years residing in Chillicothe, Ohio first, transferred here as assistant Circulation Director of the Chillicothe Gazette and Circulation Director for USA Today in the Chillicothe Region. In his spare time, Tony received a Sth degree Black Belt in Shoalin Kung Fu and enjoys backpacking as a hobby.

Dit 220 9219

In the 1990's the pavement was removed at the center of Court and Main Streets and the date of 1810 was discovered in brick. Unfortunately cost prohibited restoring the date and it was covered over again.

William Sooy Smith

Major General William Soov Smith Wee born in Tarlton On duly 32 1830. He atrenden Ohia University and Supported himself throughbut his college undergraduate career Graduating in 1849 He ikon entered the United States Military Academy at West Point to pursue engineering and graduated 8th in the Class of 1883. In ige> Smith Seteblished thé private fnginetring firm Parkinson & Smith ang made the first surveys for the international bridge across the Niagare River nee Niagars Falls. © A} the outbreak of the Civil War Smith Joined the I3th Onis Infantry, Winning the commission of colonel in, dune 186}, After early Victories in western Virginia. he was Promoted to brigadier géners} h APTILT 3862 for his gallant and meritorious Service @t the Battie of Shilo

After brilliant service the promoted to mejor general and Department of Tennessee and later the working under both General Ulysses § Sherman. Following ea co er

Williamsport And

F nowarteo Ann Development occurred rapidly) in this area. In £ toncinind i803 the first school was built in Deercreek ot Township. in (810 the Christian Church, in 1812 Baker Mil, in 1813 Yates Mill. (estored in 1980's). in 1916 a Post Office and in 1826 the Deercreek Methodist Circuit Class was organized. Williamsf incorporated in 1842. A separate Village system was established in 1874 and a high operated from [891-1964 A weekly

Source changes here: from Portrait and Biographical Record of Fayette, Pickaway and Madison Counties, Ohio : Containing Biographical Sketches of Prominent and Representative Citizens, Together with Biographies and Portraits of All the Presidents of the United States, by Chapman Brothers, published 1892; 467,416 words in this source stream.

Together With Biographies And Portraits Of All The

UIE greatest of English historians, Macaulay, and one of the most brilliant writers of the present century, has said: "Tlie history of a country is best told in a record of the lives of its peo^jle." In conformity with this idea the Portrait and Biographical Record of this county has been prepared. Instead of going to musty records, and taking therefrom dry statistical matter that can be appreciated by but few, our corps of writers have gone to the people, the men and women who have, by their enterprise and industry, brought the county to rank second to none among those comprising this great and noble State, and from their lips have the story of their life struggles. No more interesting or instructive matter could be presented to an intelligent public. In this volume will be found a record of many whose lives are worthy the imitation of coming generations. It tells how some, commencing life in poverty, by industry and economy have accumulated wealth. It tells how others, with limited advantages for securing an education, have become learned men and women, with an influence extending throughout the length and breadth of the land. It tells of men who have risen from the lower walks of life to eminence as statesmen, and whose names have become famous. It tells of those in every walk in life who have striven to succeed, and records how that success has usually crowned their efforts. It tells also of many, very man}', who, not seeking the applause of the world, have pursued "the even tenor of their way," content to have it said of them as Christ said of the woman performing a deed of mercy - "they have done what they could." It tells how that many in the pride and strength of young manhood left the plow and the anvil, the lawyer's office and the counting-room, left every trade and profession, and at their country's call went forth valiantly "to do or die," and how through their efforts the Union was restored and peace once more reigned in the land. In the life of every man and of every woman is a lesson that should not be lost upon those who follow after.

Coming generations will appreciate this volume and preserve it as a sacred treasure, from the fact that it contains so much that would never find its way into public records, and which would otherwise be inaccessible. Great care has been taken in the compilation of the work and every opportunity possible given to those represented to insure correctness in what has been written, and the publishers flatter themselves that they give to their readers a work with few errors of consequence. In addition to the biographical sketches, portraits of a number of representative citizens are given.

The faces of some, and biographical sketches of many, will be missed in this volume. For this the publishers are not to blame. Not having a proper conception of the work, some refused to give the information necessary to compile a sketch, while others were indifferent. Occasionally some member of the family would oppose the enterprise, and on account of such opposition the support of the interested one would be withheld. In a few instances men could never be found, though repeated calls were made at their residence or place of business.

Of The

HE Father of our Country was ») born in Westmorland Co., Va., '^ Feb. 2 2, 1732. His parents were Augustine and Mary (Ball) Washington. The family to which he belonged has not been satisfactorily traced in England. His great-grandfather, John Washington, emigrated to Virginia about 1657, and became a prosperous planter. He had two sons, Lawrence and John. The former married Mildred Warner and had three children, John, Augustine and Mildred. Augustine, the father of George, first married Jane Butler, who bore him four children, two of whom, Lawrence and Augustine, reached maturity. Of six children by his second marriage, George was the eldest, the others being Betty, Samuel, John Augustine, Charles and Mildred. Augustine Washington, the father of George, died in 1743, leaving a large landed property. To his eldest son, Lawrence, he bequeathed an estate on the Patomac, afterwards known as Mount Vernon, and to George he left the parental residence. George received only such education as the neighborhood schools afforded, save for a short time after he left school, when he received private instruction in mathematics. His spelling v/as rather defectiv*.

Remarkable stories are told of his great ))hysica: strength and development at an early age. He was an acknowledged leader among his companions, and was early noted for that nobleness of character, fairness and veracity which characterized his whole life.

When George was 1 4 years old he had a desire to go to sea, and a midshipman's warrant was secured for him, but through the opposition of his mother the idea was abandoned.* Two years later he was appointed surveyor to the immense estate of Lord Fairfax. In this business he spent three years in a- rough frontier life, gaining experience which afterwards proved very essential to him. In 1751, though only 19 years of age, he was appointed adjutant with the rank of major in the Virginia militia, then being trained for active service against the French and Indians. Soon after this he sailed to the West Indies with his brother Lawrence, who went there to restore his health. They soon returned, and in the summer of 1752 Lawrence died, leaving a large fortune to an infant daughter who did not long survive him. On her demise the estate of Mount Vernon was given to George,

Uix)n the arrival of Robert Dinwiddie, as Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, in 1752, the militia was reorganized, and the province divided into four military districts, of which the northern was assigned to Washington as adjutant general. Shortly after this a very perilous mission was assigned him and accepted, which others had refused. This was to proceed to the French post near Lake Erie in Northwestern Pennsylvania. The distance to be traversed was between 500 and 600 miles. Winter was at hand, and the journey was to be made without military escort, through a territory occupied by Indians. The- irip was a perilous one, and several limes he came near losing his life, yet he returned in safety and furnished a full and useful report of his expedition. A regiment of 300 men was raised in Virginia and put in command of Col. Joshua Fry, and Major Washington was commissioned lieutenant-colonel. Active war was then begun against the French and Indians, in which Washington took a most important part. In the memorable event of July 9, 1755, known as Braddock's defeat, Washington was almost the only officer of distinction who escaped from the calamities of the day with life and honor. The other aids of Braddock were disabled early in the action, and Washington alone was left in that capacity on the field. In a letter to his brother he says : " I had four bullets through my coat, and two horses shot under me, yet I escaped unhurt, though death was levelina my companions on every side." An Indian sharpshooter said he was not born to be killed by a bullet, for he had taken direct aim at him seventeen times, and failed to hit him.

After having been five years in the military service, and vainly sought promotion in the royal army, he took advantage of the fall of Fort Duquesne and the expulsion of the French from the valley of the Ohio, to resign his conmiission. Soon after he entered the Legislature, where, although not a leader, he took an active and important part. January 17, 1759, he married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Custis, the wealthy widow of John Parke Custis.

When the British Parliament had closed the port *jf Boston, the cry went up throughout the provinces that "The cause of Boston is the cause of us all." It was then, at the suggestion of Virginia, that a Congress of all the colonies was called to meet at Philadelphia,Sept. 5, 1774, to secure their common liberties, peaceably if possible. To this Congress Col. Washington was sent as a delegate. On May 10, 1775, the Congress re-assembled, when the hostile intentions of England were plainly apparent. The battles of (Concord and Lexington Rad been fought. Among the first acts of this Congress was the election of a commander-in-chief of the colonial forces. This high and responsible office was conferred upon Washington, who was still a member of the Congress. He accepted ii on June 19, but upon the express condition that he receive no salary. He would keep an exact account of expenses and expect Congress to pay them and nothing more. It is not the object of this sketch to trace the military acts of Washington, to whom the fortunes and liberties of the people of this country were so long confided. The war was conducted by him under every possil:)le disadvantage, and while his forces often met with reverses, yet he overcame every obstacle, and after seven years of heroic devotion and matchless skill he gained liberty for the greatest nation of earth. On Dec. 23, 1783, Washington, in a parting address of surpassing beauty, resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the army to to the Continental Congress sitting at Annapolis. He retired immediately to Mount Vernon and resumed his occupation as a farmer and planter, shunning all connection with public life.

In February, 1 7 89, Washington was unanimously elected President. In his presidential career he was subject to the peculiar trials incidental to a r^ew government ; trials from lack of confidence on the part of other governments; trials from want of harmony between the different sections of our own country; trials from the impoverished condition of the country, owmg to the war and want of credit; trials from the beginnings of party strife. He was no partisan. His clear judgment could discern the golden mean; and while perhaps this alone kept our government from sinking at the very outset, it left him exposed to attacks from both sides, which were often bitter and very annoying.

At the expiration of his first term he was unanimously re-elected. At the end of this term many were anxious that he be re-elected, but he absolutely refused a third nomination. On the fourth of March, 1797, at the expiraton of his second term as President, he returned to his home, hoping to pass there his few remaining years free from the annoyances of public life. Later in the year, however, his repose seemed likely to be interrupted by war with France. At the prospect of such a war he was again urged to take command of the armies. He. chose his subordinate officers and left to them the charge of matters in the field, which he superintended from his home. In accepting the command he made the reservation that he was not to be in the field until it was necessary. In the midst of these preparations his life was suddenly cut off. December 12, he took a severe cold from a ride in the rain, which, settling in his throat, produced inflammation, and terminated fatally on the night of the fourteenth. On the eighteenth his body was borne wi'h military honors to its final resting place, and interred in the family vault at Mount Vernon.

Of the character of Washington it is impossible to speak but in terms of the highest respect and admiration. The more we see of the operations of our government, and the more deeply we feel the difficulty of uniting all opinions in a common interest, the more highly we must estimate the force of his talent and character, which have bc^n able to challenge the reverence of all parties, and principles, and nations, and to win a fame as extended as the limits of the globe, and which we cannot but believe will be as lasting as the existence of man.

The person of Washington was unusally tan, erect and well proportioned. His muscular strength was great. His features were of a beautiful symmetry. He commanded respect without any appearance of haughtiness, and ever serious without V\«ing: dull.

Second Psesident

^ '/-W^^T^I OHN ADAMS, the second ^ , President and the first Vice- President of the United States, was born in Braintree ( now Quincy ),Mass., and about ten ^^^' miles from Boston, Oct. 19, 1735. His great-grandfather, Henry Adams, emigrated from England about 1640, with a family of eight sons, and settled at Braintree. The parents of John were John and Susannah (Boylston) Adams. His father was a farmer of limited means, to which he added the business of shoemaking. He gave his eldest son, John, a classical educa- ' tion at Harvard College. John graduated in 1755, and at once took charge of the school in Worcester, Mass. This he found but a 'sciiool of affliction," from which he endeavored to gain relief by devoting himself, in addition, to the study of law. For this purpose he placed himself under the tuition of the only lawyer in the town. He had thought seriously of the clerical profession but seems to have been turned from this by what he termed " the frightful engines of ecclesiastical counjils, of diabolical malice, and Calvanistic good nature,'' of the operations of which he had been a witness in his native town. He was well fitted for the legal profession, possessing a clear, sonorous voice, being ready and fluent of speech, and having quick perceptive powers. He gradually gained practice, and in 1764 married Abigail Smith, a daughter of a minister, and a lady of superior intelligence. Shortly after his marriage, (1765), the attempt of Parliamentary taxa- Mon turned him from law to politics. He took initial steps toward holdin^ a town meeting, and the resolutions he offered on the subject became very populai throughout the Provmce, and were adopted word for word by over forty different towns. He moved to Bos. ton in 1768, and became one of the most courageous and prominent advocates of the popular cause, and was chosen a member of the General Court (the Leglislature) in 1770.

Mr. Adams was chosen one of the first delegates from Massachusetts to the first Continental Congress, which met in 1774. Here he distinguished himselt by his capacity for business and for debate, and advocated the movement for independence against the majority of the members. In May, 1776, he moved and carried a resolution in Congress that the Coloniesshould assume the duties of self-government. Ho was a prominent member of the committee of five appointed June 11, to prepare a declaration of independence. This article was drawn by Jefferson, but on Adams devolved the task of battling it through Congress in a three days debate.

On the day after the Declaration of Independence was passed, while his soul was yet warm with th? glow of excited feeling, he wrote a letter to his wife which, as we read it now, seems to have been dictated by the spirit of prophecy. "Yesterday," he says, "the greatest question was decided that ever was debated in America; and greater, perhaps, never was or wiL be decided among men. A resolution was passed without one dissenting colony, ' that these United States are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states.' The day is passed. The fourth of July, 1776, will be a memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe it will be celebrated by succeeding generations, as the great anniversary! festival. It ought to be commemorated as the day of/ deliverance by solemn acts of devotion to Almighty God. It ought to be solemnized with pomp, shows- games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations from one end of the continent to the other, from this time forward for ever. You will think me transported with enthusiasm, but I am not. I am well aware of the toil, and blood and treasure, that it will cost to maintain this declaration, and support and defend these States; yet, through all the gloom, I can see the rays of light and glory. I can see that the end is worth more than all the means; and that posterity will triumph, although you and I may rue, which I hope we shall not."

In November, 1777, Mr. Adams was appointed a delegate to France and to co-operate with I3emjamin Franklin and Arthur Lee, who were then in Paris, in the endeavor to obtain assistance in arms and money from the French Government. This was a severe trial to his patriotism, as it separated him from his home, compelled him to cross the ocean in winter, and exposed him to great peril of capture by the British cruisers, who were seeking him. He left France June 17, 1779. In September of the same year he was again cliosen to go to Paris, and there hold himself in readiness to negotiate a treaty of peace and of commerce with Great Britian, as soon as the British Cabinet might be found willing to listen to such proposels. He sailed for France in November, from there he went to Holland, where he negotiated important loans and formed important commercial treaties.

Finally a treaty of peace with England was signed Jan. 21, 1783. The re-action from the excitement, toil and anxiety through which Mr. Adams had passed threw him into a fever. After suffering from a continued fever and becoming feeble and emaciated he was advised to go to England to drink the waters of Bath. While in England, still drooping and desponding, he received dispatches from his own government urging the necessity of his going to Amsterdam to negotiate another loan. It was winter, his health was delicate, yet he immediately set out, and through storm, on sea, on horseback and foot,he made the trip.

February 24, 1785., Congress appointed Mr. Adams envoy to the Court of St. James. Here he met face to face the King of England, who had so long regarded him as a traitor. As England did not condescend to appoint a minister to the United States, and as Mr. Adams felt that he was accomplishing but little, he sought permission to return to Jiis own country, where he arrived in June, 1788.

When Washington was first chosen President, John Adams, rendered illustiious by his signal services at home and abroad, was chosen Vice President. Again at the second election of Washington as President, Adams was chosen Vice President. In 1796, Washington retired from public life, and Mr. Adams was elected President,though not without much opposition. Serving in this office four years, he was succeeded by Mr. Jefferson, his opponent in politics.

French Revolution shook the continent of Europe, and it was upon this point which he was at issue with the majority of his countrymen led by Mr. Jefferson. Mr. Adams felt no sympathy with the French people in tlieir struggle, for he had no confidence in their ix)wer of self-government, and he utterly abhored the classof atheist philosophers who he claimed caused it. On the other hand Jefferson's sympathies were strongly enlisted in behalf of the French people. Hence originated the alienation between these distinguished men, and two powerful parties were thus soon organized, Adams at the head of the one whose sympathies were with England and Jefferson led the other in sympathy with France.

The world has seldom seen a spectacle of more moral beauty and grandeur, than was presented by the old age of Mr. Adams. The violence of party feeling had died away, and he had begun to receive that just appreciation which, to most men, is not accorded till after death. No one could look upon his venerable form, and think of what he had done and suffered, and how he had given up all the prime and strength of his life to the public good, without the deepest emotion of gratitude and respect. It was his peculiar good fortune to witness the complete success of the institution which he had been so active in creating and supix)rting. In 1824, his cup of happiness was filled to the brim, by seeing his son elevated to the highest station in the gift of the people.

The fourth of July, 1826, which completed the half century since the signing of the Declaration of Independence, arrived, and there were but three of the signers of that immortal instrument left upon the earth to hail its morning light. And, as it is well known, on that day two of these finished their earthly pilgrimage, a coincidence so remarkable as to seem miraculous. For a i'i\s days before Mr. Adams had been rapidly failing, and on the morning of the fourth he found himself too weak to rise from his bed. On being requested to name a toast for the customary celebration of the day, he exclaimed " Independence FOREVER." When the day was ushered in, by the ringing of bells and the firing of cannons, he was asked by one of his iittendants if he knew what day it was? He replied, "O yes; it is the glorious fourth of July - God bless it - God bless you all." In the course of the day he said, "It is a great and glorious day." The last words he uttered were, "Jefferson survives." But he had, at one o'clock, resigned his spirit into the hands of his God.

The personal appearance and manners of Mr. Adams were not particularly prepossessing. His face, as his portrait manifests,was intellectual ard expressive, but his figure was low and ungraceful, and h'^s manners were frequently abrupt and uncourteous. He had neither the lofty dignity of Washington, nor the engaging elegance and gracefulness which marked the manners and address of Jefferson,

Third President

HOMAS JEFFERSON was born April 2, 1743, at Shad- |ivvvell, Albermarle county, Va. His parents were Peter and Jane ( Randolph) Jefferson, the former a native of Wales, and the latter born in London. To them were born six daughters and two sons, of whom Thomas was the elder. When 14 years of age his father died. He received a most liberal education, having been kept diligently at school from the time he was five years of age. In 1760 he entered William end Mary College. Williamsburg was then the seat of the Colonial Court, and it was the obode of fashion and splendor. Young Jefferson, who was then 17 years old, lived somewhat expensively, keeping fine horses, and much caressed by gay society, yet he was earnestly devoted to his studies, and irreproachaable in his morals. It is strange, however, under such influences, that he was not ruined. In the second year of his college course, moved by some unexplained inward impulse, he discarded his horses, society, and even his favorite violin, to which he had previously given much time. He often devoted fifteen hours a day to hard study, allowing himself for exercise only a run in the evening twilight of a mile out of the city and back again. He thus attained very high intellectual culture, alike excellence in philosophy and the languages. The most difficult Latin and Greek authors he read with facility. A more finished scholar has seldom gone forth from college halls; and

Immediately upon leaving college he began the study of law. For the short time lie continued in the practice of his profession lie rose rapidly and distinguished himself by his energy and accuteness as a lawyer. But the times called for greater action. The policy of England had awakened the spirit of resistance of the American Colonies, and the enlarged views which Jefferson had ever entertained, soon led him into active political life. In 1769 he was chosen a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses In 1772 he married Mrs. Martha Skelton, a very beautiful, wealthy and highly accomplished young widow

Upon Mr. Jefferson's large estate at Shadvvell, thsre was a majestic swell of land, called Monticello, which commanded a prospect of wonderful extent and beauty. This spot Mr. Jefferson selected for his new home; and here he reared a mansion of modest ye*^ elegant architecture, which, next to Mount Vernon became the most distinguished resort in our land.

In 1775 he was sent to the Colonial Congress, where, though a silent member, his abilities as a writer and a reasoner soon become known, and he was placed upon a number of important committees, and was chairman of the one appointed for the drawing up of a declaration of independence. This committee consisted of Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman and Robert R. Livingston. Jefferson, as chairman, was appointed to draw up the paper. Franklin and Adams suggested a few verbal changes before it was submitted to Congress. On June 28, a few slight changes were made in it by Congress, and it was passed and signed July 4, 1776, What must have been the feelings of that man - what the emotions that swelled his breast - who was charged with the preparation of that Declaration, which, while it made known the wrongs of America, was also to publish her to the world, free, soverign and independent. It is one of the most remarkable papers ever written ; and did no other effort of the mind of its author exist, that alone would be sufficient to stamp his name with immortality.

In 1779 Mr. Jefferson was elected successor to Patrick Henry, as Governor of Virginia. At one time the British officer, Tarleton, sent a secret expedition to Moniicello, to capture the Governor. Scarcely five minutes elapsed after the hurried escape of Mr. Jefferson and his family, ere his mansion was in possession of the British troops. His wife's health, never very good, was much injured by this excitement, and in the summer of 1782 she died.

Mr. Jefferson was elected to Congress in 1783. Two years later he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to France. Returning to the United States in September, 1789, he became Secretary of State in Washington's cabinet. This position he resigned Jan, I, 1794. In 1797, he was chosen Vice President, and four years later was elected President over Mr. Adams, with Aaron Burr as Vice President. In 1804 he was re-elected with wonderful unanimity, and George Clinton, Vice President.

The early part of Mr. Jefferson's second adminstration was disturbed by an event which threatened the tranquility and peace of the Union; this was the conspiracy of Aaron Burr. Defeated in the late election to the Vice Presidency, and led on by an unprincipled ambition, this extraordinary man formed the plan of a military expedition into the Spanish territories on our southwestern frontier, for the purpose of forming there a new republic. This has been generally supposed was a mere pretext ; and although it has not been generally known what his real plans were, there is no doubt that they were of a far more dangerous character.

In 1809, at the expiration of the second term for which Mr. Jefferson had Ijeen elected, he determined to retire from political life. For a period of nearly forty years, he had been continually before the public, and all that time had been employed in offices of the greatest trust and responsibility. Having thus devoted the best part of his life to the service of his country, he now felt desirous of that rest which his declining years required, and upon the organization of the new administration, in March, 1809, he bid farewell forever to public life, and retired to Monticello.

Mr. Jefferson was profuse in his hospitality. Whole families came in their coaches with their horses, - fathers and mothers, boys and girls, babies and nurses, - and remained three and even six months. Life at Monticello, for years, resembled that at a fashionable watering-place.

sary of the Declaration of American Independence, great preparations were made in every part of the Union for its celebration, as the nation's jubilee, and the citizens of Washington, to add to the solemnity of the occasion, invited Mr. Jefferson, as the framer, and one of the few surviving signers of the Declaration, to participate in their testivities. But an illness, which had been of several weeks duration, and had been continually increasing, compelled him to decline the invitation.

On the second of July, the disease under which he was laboring left him, but in such a reduced state that his medical attendants, entertained nc hope of his recovery. From this time he was perfectly sensible that his last hour was at hand. On the next day, which was Monday, he asked of those around him, the day of the month, and on being told it was the third of July, he expresied the earnest wish tha': he might be permitted to breathe the air of the fiftieth anniversary. His prayer was heard - that day, whose dawn was hailed with such rapture through our land, burst upon his eyes, and then they were closed forever. And what a noble consummation of a noble life! To die on that day, - the birthday of a nation,- - the day which his own name and his own act had rendered glorious; to die amidst the rejoicings and festivities of a whole nation, who looked up to him, as the author, under God, of their greatest blessings, was all that was wanting to fill up the record his life.

Almost at the same hour of his death, the kindred spirit of the venerable Adams, as if to bear him company, left the scene of his earthly honors. Hand in hand they had stood forth, the champions of freedom ; hand in hand, during the dark and desperate struggle of the Revolution, they had cheered and animated their desponding countryn^en; for half a century they had labored together for the good of the country; and now hand in hand they depart. In their lives they had been united in the same great cause of liberty, and in their deaths they were not divided.

In person Mr. Jefferson was tall and thin, rather above six feet in height, but well formed; his eyes were light, his hair originally red, in after life became white and silvery; his complexion was fair, his forehead broad, and his whole coupt^enance intelligent and thoughtful. He possessed great fortitude of mind as well as personal courage ; and his command of temper was such that his oldest and most intimate friends never recollected to have seen him in a passion. His manners, though dignified, were simple and unaffected, and his hospitality was so unbounded that all found at his house a ready welcome. In conversation he was fluent, eloquent and enthusiastic ; and his language was remarkably pure and correct. He was a finished classical scholar, and in his writings is discernable the care with which he formed his style upon the best models of antiquity.

Fourth President

AMES MADISON, "Father I of the Constitution," and fourth President of the United States, was born March 16, 1757, and died at his home in Virginia, June 28, 1836. The name of James Madison is inseparably connected with most of the important events in that lieroic period of our I, country during which the foundations of this great republic were laid. He was the last of the founders of the Constitution of the United States to be called to his eternal reward.

The Madison family were among the early emigrants to the New World, landing upon the shores of the Chesapeake but 15 years after the settlement of Jamestown. The father of James Madison was an opulent planter, residing upon a very fine estate called "Montpelier," Orange Co., Va. The mansion was situated in the midst of scenery highly picturesque and romantic, on the west side of South-west Mountain, at the foot of Blue Ridge. It was but 25 miles from the home of Jefferson at Monticello. The closest jjersonal and political attachment existed between these illustrious men, from their early youth until death.

The early education of Mr. Madison wasconductecl mostly at home under a private tutor. At the age of 18 he was sent to Princeton College, in New Jersey. Here he applied himself to study with the most imprudent zeal; allowing himself, for months, but three hours' sleep out of the 24. His health thus became so seriously impaired that he never recovered any vigor of constitution. He graduated in 177 i, with a feeble body, with a character of utmost purity, and with a mind highly disciplined and richly stored with learning which embellished and gave proficiency to his subsr ' quent career.

Returning to Virginia, he commenced the study of law and a course of extensive and systematic reading. This educational course, the spirit of the times in which he lived, and the society with which he associated, all combined to inspire him with a strong love of liberty, and to train him for his life-work ot a statesman. Being naturally of a religious turn of mind, and his frail health leading him to think that his life was not to be long, he directed especial attention to theological studies. Endowed with a nnnd singularly free from passion and prejudice, and with almost unequalled powers of reasoning, he weighed all the arguments for and against revealed religion, until his faith became so established as never to be shaken.

In the spring of 1776, when 26 years of age, he was elected a member of the Virginia Convention, to frame the constitution of the State. The next year (1777), he was a candidate for the General Assembly. He refused to treat the whisky-loving voters, and consequently lost his election ; but those who had witnessed the talent, energy and public spirit of the modest young man, enlisted themselves in his behalf, and he was appointed to the Executive Council.

Both Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson were Governors of Virginia while Mr. Madison remained member of the Council ; and their appreciation oi his intellectual, social and moral worth, contributed not a litde to his subsequent eminence. In the year 1780, he was elected a member of the Continental Congress. Here he met the most illustrious men in our land, and he was immediately assigned to one of the most conspicuous positions among them._

For three years Mr. Madison continued in Congress, one of its most active and influential members. In the year 1784, his term having expired, he was elected a member of the Virginia Legislature.

No man felt more deeply than Mr. Madison the utter inefficiency of the old confederacy, with no national government, with no power to form treaties which would be binding, or to enforce law. ^ There was not any State more prominent than Virginia in the declaration, that an efficient national government must be formed. In January, 1786, Mr. Madison carried a resolution through the General Assembly of Virginia, inviting the other States to appoint commissioners to meet in convention at Anna(X)!is to discuss this subject. Five States only were represented. The convention, however, issued another call, drawn up by Mr. Madison, urging all the States to send their delegates to Philadelphia, in May, 1787, to draft a Constitution for the United States, to take the place of that Confederate League. The delegates met at the time appointed. Every State but Rhode Island »\ras represented. George Washington was chosen president of the convention ; and the present Constitution of the United States was then and there formed. There was, perhaps, no mind and no pen more active in framing this immortal document than the mind and the pen of James Madison.

The Constitution, adopted by a vote 81 to 79, was to be presented to the several States for acceptance. But grave solicitude was felt. Should it be rejected we should be left but a conglomeration of independent States, with but little power at home and little vespect abroad. Mr. Madison was selected by the convention to draw up an address to the people of the United States, expounding the principles of the Constitution, and urging its adoption. There was great opposition to it at first, but it at length triumphed over all, and went into effect in 1789.

Mr. Madison was elected to the House of Representatives in the first Congress, and soon became the avowed leader of the Republican party. While in New York attending Congress, he met Mrs. Todd, a young widow of remarkable power of fascination, whom he married. She was in person and character queenly, and probably no lady has thus far occupied so prominent a position in the very peculiar society which has constituted our republican court as Mrs. Madison.

Mr. Madison served as Secretary of State under Jefferson, and at the close of his administration was chosen President. At this time the encroachments of England had brought us to the verge of war.

British orders in council destioyed our commerce, and our flag was exposed to constant insult. Mr. Madison was a man of peace. Scholarly in his taste, retiring in his disposition, war had no charms for him. But the meekest spirit can be roused. It makes one's blood boil, even now, to think of an American ship brought to, upon the ocean, by the guns of an English cruiser. A young lieutenant steps on board and orders the crew to be paraded before him. With great nonchalance he selects any number whom he may please to designate as British subjects ; orders them down the ship's side into his boat; and places them on the gundeck of his man-of-war, to fight, by compulsion, the battles of England. This right of search and impressment, no efforts of our Government could induce the British cabinet to relinquish.

On the 1 8th of June, 181 2, President Madison gave his approval to an act of Congress declaring war against Great Britain. Notwithstanding the bitter hostility of the Federal party to the war, the country in general approved; and Mr. Madison, on the 4th of March, 18 13, was re-elected by a large majority, and entered upon his second term of office. This is not the place to describe the various adventures of this war on the land and on the water. Our infan'. navy then laid the foundations of its renown in grappling v.'ith the most formidable power which ever swept the seas. The contest commenced in earnest by the appearance of a British fleet, early in February, 1813, in Chesapeake Bay, declaring nearly the whole coast of the United States under blockade.

The Emperor of Russia offered his services as me ditator. America accepted; England refused. A British force of five thousand men landed on the banks of the Patuxet River, near its entrance into Chesapeake Bay, and marched rapidly, by way of Bladensburg, upon Washington.

The straggling little city of Washington was thrown into consternation. The cannon of the brief conflict at Bladensburg echoed through the streets of the metropolis. The whole ix)pulation fled from the city. The President, leaving Mrs. Madison in the White House, with her carriage drawn up at the doer to await his speedy return, hurried to meet the officers in a council of war. He met our troops utterly routed, and he could not go back without danger of being captured. But few hours elapsed ere the Presidential Mansion, the Capitol, and all the public buildings in Washington were in flames.

The war closed after two years of fighting, and on Feb. 13, 1815, the treaty of peace was signed at Ghent. On the 4th of March, 1S17, his second term of office expired, and he resigned the Presidential chair to his friend, James Monroe. He retired to his beautiful home at Montpelier, and there passed the remainder of his days. On June 28, 1836, then at the age of 85 years, he fell asleep in death. Mrs. Madison died July 12, 1849.

AMES MONROE, the fifth .Presidentof The United States, was born in Westmoreland Co., Va., April 28, 1758. His early life was passed at the place of nativity. His ancestors had for many years resided in the province in which he was born. When, at 17 years of age, in the process *> of completing his education at William and Mary College, the Colonial Congress assembled at Philadelphia to deliberate upon the unjust and manifold oppressions of Great Britian, declared the separation of the Colonies, and promulgated the Declaration of Independence. Had he been born ten years before it is highly probable that he would have been one of the signers of that celebrated instrument. At this time he left school and enlisted among the patriots.

He joined the army when everything looked hopeless and gloomy. The number of deserters increased from day to day. The invading armies came pouring in ; and the tories not only favored the cause of the mother country, but disheartened the new recruits, who were sufficiently terrified at the prospect of contending with an enemy whom they had been taught to deem invincible. To such brave spirits as James Monroe, who went right onward, undismayed through difficulty and danger, the United States owe their political emancipation. The young cadet joined the ranks, and espoused the cause of his injured country, with a firm determination to live or die with her strife for liberty. Firmly yet sadly he shared in the melancholy retreat from Harleam Heights and White Plains, and accompanied the dispirited army as it fled before its foes through New Jersey. In four nK)nths after the Declaration of Independence, the patriots had been beaten in seven battles. At the battle of Trenton he led the vanguard, and, in the act of charging upon the enemy he received a wound in the left shoulder.

As a reward for his bravery, Mr. Monroe was promoted a captain of infantry; and, having recovered from his wound, he rejoined the army. He, however, receded from the line of promotion, by becoming an officer in the staff of Lord Steriing. During the campaigns of 1777 and 1778, in the actions of Brandy wine, Germantown and Monmouth, he continued aid-de-camp; but becoming desirous to regain his position in the army, he exerted himself to collect a regiment for the Virginia line. This scheme failed owing to the exhausted condition of the State. Upon this failure he entered the office of Mr. Jefferson, at that period Governor, and pursued, with considerable ardor, the study of common law. He did not, however, entirely lay aside the knapsack for the green bag; but on the invasions of the enemy, served as a volunteer, during the two years of his legal pursuits.

In 1782, he was elected from King George county, a member of the Leglislature of Virginia, and by that body he was elevated to a seat in the Executive Council. He was thus honored with the confidence of his fellow citizens at 23 years of age ; and having at this early period displayed some of that ability and aptitude for legislation, which were afterwards employed with unremitting energy for the public good, he was in the succeeding year chosen a member of ihe Congress of the United States. Deeplyas Mr. Monroefelt the imperfections of the old confederacy, he was opposed to the new Constitution, nhiiiking, with many others of the RepubUcan party, that it gave too much power to the Central Government, and not enough to the individual States. Still he retained the esteem of his friends who were its warm supporters, and who, notwithstanding his opposition secured its adoption. In 1789, he became a member of the United States Senate; which office he held for four years. Every month the line of distinction between the two great parties which divided the nation, the Federal and the Republican, was growing more distinct. The two prominent ideas which now separated them were, that the Republican party was in sympathy with France, and also in favor of such a ' strict construction of tlie Constitution as to give the Central Government as little power, and the State Governments as much power, as the Constitution would warrant. The Federalists sympathized with England, and were in favor of a liberal construction of the Constitution, which would give as much power to the Central Government as that document could possibly authorize.

The leading Federalists and Republicans were alike noble men, consecrating all their energies to the good of the nation. Two more honest men or more pure patriots than John Adams the Federalist, and James Monroe the Republican, never breathed. In tbuilding up this majestic nation, which is destined to eclipse all Grecian and Assyrian greatness, the com- 'bination of their antagonism was needed to create the light equilibrium. And yet each in his day was denounced as almost a demon.

Washington was then President. England had espoused the cause of the Bourbons against the principles of the French Revolution. All Europe was drawn into the conflict. We were feeble and far away. Washington issued a proclamation of neutrality between these contending powers. France had helped us in the struggle for our liberties. All the despotisms of Europe were now combined to prevent the French from escaping from a tyranny a thousand-fold worse than that which we had endured. Col. Monroe, more magnanimous than prudent, was anxious that, at whatever hazard, we should help our old allies in their extremity. It was the impulse of a generous and noble nature. He violently opposed the President's proclamation as ungrateful and wanting in magnanimity.

Washington, who could appreciate such a character, developed his calm, serene, almost divine greatness, by appointing that very James Monroe, who was denouncing the policy of the Government, as the minister of that Government to the Republic of France. Mr. Monroe was welcomed by the National Convention in France with the most enthusiasdc demonstrMions.

Shortly after his return to this country, Mr. Monroe was elected Governor of Virginia, and held the office for three yeais. He was again sent to France to co-operate with Chancellor Livingston in obtaining the vast territory then known as the Province of Louisiana, which France had but shortly before obtained from Spain. Their united efforts were successful. For the comparatively small sum of fifteen millions of dollars, the entire territory of Orleans and district of Louisiana were added to the United States. This was probably the largest transfer of real estate which was ever made in all the history of the world.

From France Mr. Monroe went to England to obtain from that country some recognition of our rights as neutrals, and to remonstrate against those odious impressments of our seamen. But England was unrelenting. He again returned to England on the same mission, but could receive no redress. He returned to his home and was again chosen Governor of Virginia. This he soon resigned to accept the position of Secretary of State under Madison. While in this office war with England was declared, the Secretary of War resigned, and during these trying times, the duties of the War Department were also put upon him. He was truly the armorbearer of President Madison, and the most efficient business man in his cabinet. Upon the return of peace he resigned the Department of War, but continued in the office of Secretary of State until the expiration of Mr. Madison's adminstration. At the election held the previous autumn Mr. Monroe himself had been chosen President with but little opposition, and upon March 4, 18 17, was inaugurated. Four years later he was elected for a second term.

Among the important measures of his Presidency were the cession of Florida to the LTnited States; the Missouri Compromise, and the " Monroe doctrine.'

This famous doctrine, since known as the " Monroe doctrine," was enunciated by him in 1823. At that time the LTnited States had recognized the independence of the South American states, and did not wish to have European powers longer attempting to sub* due portions of the American Continent. The doctrine is as follows: "That we should consider any attempt on the part of European powers to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety," and "that we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing or controlling American governments or provinces \\\ any other light than as a manifestation by European powers of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States," This doctrine immediately affected the course of foreign governments, and has become the approved sentiment of the LTnited States.

At the end of his second term Mr Monroe retired to his home in Virginia, where he lived until 183O; when he went to New York to live with his son-inlaw. In that city he died, on the 4th of July, 1831

Sixth Presidrnt

OHN QUINCY ADAMS, the sixth President of the United ^Stales, was born in the rural home of his honored father, John Adams, in Quincy, Mass., on the I ith cf July, 1767. His mother, a woman of exalted worth, watched over his childhood during the almost constant absence of iiis father. When but eight years of age, he stood with his mother on an eminence, listening to the booming of the great battle on Bunker's Hill, and gazing on upon the smoke and flames billowing up from the conflagration of Charlestown.

When but eleven years old he took a tearful adieu of his mother, to sail with his fatner for Europe, through a fleet ot hostile British cruisers. The bright, animated boy spent a year and a half in Paris, where his father was associated with Franklin and Lee as minister plenipotentiary. His intelligence attracted the notice of these distinguished men, and he received from them flattering marks of attention.

Mr. John Adams had scarcely returned to this country, in 1779, ere he was again sent abroad Again j'ohn Quincy accompanied his father. At Paris he applied himself with great diligence, for si.x months, to .itudy; then accompained his father to Holland, v/here he entered, first a school in .Amsterdam, then the University at Leyden. T^bout a year from this time, in T781, when the manly boy was but fourteen yea's of age, he was selected by Mr. Dana, our minister to the Russian court, as his private secretary'.

In this school of incessant labor ,and of enobling culture he silent fourteen months, and then returned to Holland through Sweden, Denmark, Hamburg and Bremen. This long journey he took alone, in the winter, when in his sixteenth year. Again he resumed nis studies, under a private tutor, at Hague. Thence, in the spring of 1782, he accompanied his father t: Paris, traveling leisurely, and forming acquaintance with the most distinguished men on the Continentexamining architectural remains, galleries of paintings and all renowned works of art. At Paris he again became associated with the most illustrious men ol all lands in the contemplations of the loftiest temporal themes which can engross the human mind. Afte' a short visit to England he returned to Paris, and consecrated all his energies to study until May, 1785, when he returned to America. To a brilliant young man of eighteen, v.ho had seen much of the world, and who was familiar with the eticpiette of courts, a residence with his father in London, under such circumstances, must have been extremely attractive but with judgment very rare in one of his age, he preferred to return to America to complete his education in an American college. He wished then to study law, that with an honorable profession, he might be able to obtain an independent support.

Upon leaving Harvard College, at theageof twentj.' he studied law for three years. In June, 1794, being then but twenty-seven years of age, he was appointed by Washington, resident minister at the Netherlands. Sailing from Boston in July, he reached London in October, where he was immediately admitted to the deliberations of Messrs. Jay and Pinckney, assisting them in negotiating a commercial treaty with Great Britian. After thus spending a fortnight i; London, he proceeded to the Hague.

In July, 1797, he left the Hague to go to Portugal as minister plenipotentiary. On his way to Portugal, upon arriving in London, he met with despatches directing him to the court of Betfin, but requesting him to remain in London until he should receive his instructions. While waiting he was married to ar. American lady to whom he had been previously engaged, - Miss Louisa Catherine Johnson, daughtei of Mr. Joshua Johnson, American consul in London a lady endownd with that beauty and those accomplishment which eminently fitted her to move in tiiS elevated sphere for which she w»5 ^i»«>'ioed..

John Quincy Adams

He reached Berlin with his wife in November, 1797 ; where he remained until July, 1799, when, having fulfilled all the purposes of his mission, he solicited his recall.

Soon after his return, in 1802, he was chosen to the Senate of Massachusetts, from Boston, and then was elected Senator of the United States for six years, from the 4th of March, 1804. His reputation, his ability and his experience, placed him immediately among the most prominent and influential meml)ers of that body. Especially did he sustain the Government in its measures of resistance to the encroachments of England, destroying our commerce and insulting our flag. There was no man in America more familiar with the arrogance of the British court upon these points, and no one more resolved to present a firm resistance.

In 1809, Madison succeeded Jefferson in the Presidential chair, and he immediately nominated John Quincy Adams minister to St. Petersburg. Resigning his professorship in Harvard College, he embarked at Boston, in August, 1809.

While in Russia, Mr. Adams was an intense student. He devoted his attention to the language and history of Russia; to the Chinese trade; to the European system of weights, measures, and coins ; to the climate and astronomical observations ; while he Kept up a familiar acquaintance with the Greek and Latin classics. In all the universities of Europe, a more accomplished scholar could scarcely be found. All through life the Bible constituted an important (part of his studies. It was his rule to read five 'chapters every day.

On the 4th of March, 1817, Mr. Monroe took the Presidential chair, and immediately appointed Mr. Adams Secretary of State. Taking leave of his numerous friends in public and private life in Europe, he sailed in June, 18 19, for the United States. On the 1 8th of August, he again crossed the threshold of his home in Quincy. During the eight years of Mr. Monroe's administration, Mr. Adams continued Secretary of State.

Some time before ihe close of Mr. Monroe's second term of office, new candidates began to be presented for the Presidency. The friends of Mr. Adams brought forward his name. It was an exciting campaign. Party spirit was never more bitter. Two hundred and sixty electoral votes were cast. Andrew Jackson received ninety-nine; John Quincy Adams, eighty-four; William H. Crawford, forty-one ; Henry Clay, thirtyseven. As there was no choice by tlie people, the question went to the House of Re[)resentatives. Mr. Clay gave the vote of Kentucky to Mr. Adams, and he was elected.

The friends of all the disappointed candidates now :ombined in a venomous and persistent assault upon Mr. Adams. Tliere is nothing more disgraceful in ^e past history of our country than the abuse which was poured in one uninterrupted stream, upon this high-minded, upright, patriotic man. There never was an administration more pure in principles, more conscientiously devoted to the best interests of the country, than that of John Quincy Adams ; and never, perhaps, was there an administration more unscrupulously and outrageously assailed.

Mr. Adams was, to a very remarkable degree, abstemious and temperate in his habits; always rising early, and taking much exercise. When at his home in Quincy, he has been known to walk, before breakfast, seven miles to Boston. In Washington, it was said that he was the first man up in the city, lighting his own fire and applying himself to work in his library often long before dawn.

On the 4th of March, 1829, Mr. Adams retired from the Presidency, and was succeeded by Andrew- Jackson. John C. Calhoun was elected Vice President. The slavery question now began to assume IX)rlentous magnitude. Mr. Adams returned to Quincy and to his studies, which he pursued with unabated zeal. But he was not long permitted to remain in retirement. In November, 1830, he was elected representative to Congress. For seventeen years, until his death, he occupied the post as representative, towering above all his peers, ever ready to do brave battle' for freedom, and winning the title of "the old man eloquent." Upon taking his seat in the House, he announced that he should hold himself bound to no party. Probably there never was a meml)er more devoted to his duties. He was usually the first in his place in the morning, and the last to leave his seat in the evening. Not a measure could be brought forward and escape his scrutiny. The battle which Mr. Adams fought, almost singly, against the proslavery party in the Government, was sublime in Its moral daring and heroism. For persisting in presenting petitions for the abolition of slavery, he was threatened with indictment by the grand jury, with expulsion from the House, with assassination, but no threats could intimidate him, and his final triumph was complete.

It has been said of President Adams, that when his body was bent and his hair silvered by the lapse of fourscore years, yielding to the simple faith of a little child, he was accustomed to repeat everv night, before he slept, the prajer which his mother taught him in his infant years.

On the 2ist of Feliruary, 1848, he rose on the floor of Congress, with a paper in his hand, to address the speaker. Suddenly he fell, again stricken by paralysis, and was caught in the arms of those around him. For a time he was senseless, as he was conveyed to the sofa in the rotunda. With reviving consciousness, he opened his eyes, looked calmly around and said " This is the end of earth ;"then after a moment's pause he added, '''' I am content" These were the last words of the grand " Old Man Eloquent."

Seventh Presijjent

NDREVV JACKSON, the seventh President of the J^)*" United States, was born in Waxhaw settlement, N. C, March 15, 1767, a few days after his father's death. His parents were poor emigrants from Ireland, and took up their abode in Waxhaw settlement, where they lived in deepest poverty. Andrew, or Andy, as he was universally called, grew up a very rough, rude, turbulent boy. His features were coarse, his form ungainly, and there was but very little in his character, made visible, which was attractive.

When only thirteen years old he joined the volunteers of Carolina against the British invasion. In 17S1, he and his brother Robert were captured and imprisoned for a time at Camden. A British officer ordered him to brush his mud-spattered boots. " I am a prisoner of war, not your servant," was the reply of the dauntless boy.

The brute drew his sword, and aimed a desi)erate dIow at the head of the helpless young prisoner. Andrew raised his hand, and thus received two fearful gashes, - one on the hand and the other upon the head. The officer then turned to his brother Robert with the same demand. He also refused, and received a blow from the keen-edged sabre, which quite disabled him, and which probably soon after caused his death. They suffered much other ill-treatment, and were finally stricken with the small-pox. Their mother was successful ux obtaining their exchange,

Andrew supported himself in various ways, such as working at the saddler's trade, teaching school and clerking in a general store, until 1784, when he entered a law office at Salisbury, N. C, He, however, gave more attention to the wild amusements of the times than to his studies. In 1788, he was appointed solicitor for the western district of North Carolina, ol which Tennessee was then a part. This involved many long and tedious journeys amid dangers of every kind, but Andrew Jackson never knew fear, and the Indians had no desire to repeat a skirmish witn the Sharp Knife.

In 1791, Mr. Jackson was married to a woman who supposed herself divorced from her former husband. Great was the surprise of both parties, two years later, to find that the conditionsof the divorce had just been definitely settled by the first husband. The marriage ceremony was performed a second time, but the occurs rence was often used by his enemies to bring Mr. Jackson into disfavor.

During these years he worked hard at his profes sion, and frequently had one or more duels on hand, one of which, when he killed Dickenson, was especially disgraceful.