Pickaway Township (part 21 of 49)

He went into the streets, raised a company of volunteers, and led them as their captain to Springfield, the capital of the State, where their services were offered to Gov. Yates. The Governor, impressed by the zeal and straightforward executive ability of Capt. Grant, gave him a desk in his office, to assist in the volunteer organization that was being formed in the State in behalf of the Government. On the 15 th o{

Ulysses S. Grant

)urie, 1 86 1, Capt. Grant received a commission as Colonel of the Twenty-first Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. His merits as a West Point graduate, who had served for 15 years in the regular army, were such that he was soon promoted to the rank of Brigadier- General and was placed in command at Cairo. The rebels raised their banner at Paducah, near the mouth of the Tennessee River. Scarcely had its folds appeared in the breeze ere Gen. Grant was there. The rebels fled. Their banner fell, and the star and stripes were unfurled in its stead.

He entered the service with great determination and immediately began active duty. This was the beginning, and until the surrender of Lee at Richmond he was ever pushing the enemy with great vigor and effectiveness. At Belmont, a few days later, he surprised and routed the rebels, then at Fort Henry won another victory. Then came the brilliant fight at Fort Donelson. The nation was electrified by the victory, and the brave leader of the boys in blue was immediately made a Major-General, and the military district of Tennessee was assigned to him.

Like all great captains, Gen. Grant knew well how to secure the results of victory. He immediately pushed on to the enemies' lines. Then came the terrible battles of Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, and the siege of Vicksburg, where Gen. Pemberton made an unconditional surrender of the city with over thirty thousand men and one-hundred and seventy-two cannon. The fall of Vicksburg was by far the most severe blow which the rebels had thus far encountered, and opened up the Mississippi from Cairo to the Gulf.

Gen. Grant was next ordered to co-operate with Gen. Banks in a movement upon Texas, and proceeded to New Orleans, where he was thrown from his horse, and received severe injuries, from which he was laid up for months. He then rushed to the aid of Gens. Rosecrans and Thomas at Chattanooga, and by a wonderful series of strategic and technical measures put the Union Army infighting condition. Then followed the bloody battles at Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, in which the rebels were routed with great loss. This won for him unbounded praise in the North. On the 4th of February, 1864, Congress revived the grade of lieutenantgeneral, and the rank was conferred on Gen. Grant. He repaired to Washington to receive his credentials ;::id enter upon i\\e^ duties of his new office

Gen. Grant decided as soon as he took charge of ihe army to concentrate the widely-dispersed National troops for an attack upon Richmond, the nominal capital of the Rebellion, and endeavor there to destroy the rebel armies which would be promptly assembled from all quarters for its defence. The whole continent seemed to tremble under the tramp of these majestic armies, rushing to the decisive battle fi.eld. Steamers were crowded with troops. Railway trains were burdened with closely packed thousands. His plans were comprehensive and involved a series of campaigns, which were executed with remarkable energy and ability, and were consummated at the surrender of Lee, April 9, 1865.

The war was ended. The LTnion was saved. The almost unanimous voice of the Nation declared Gen. Grant to be the most prominent instrument in its salvation. The eminent services he had thus rendered the country brought him conspicuously forward as the Republican candidate for the Presidential chair.

At the Republican Convention held at Chicago. May 21, 1868, he was unanimously nominated for the Presidency, and at the autumn election received a majority of the popular vote, and 214 out of 294 electoral votes.

The National Convention of the Republican party which met at Philadelphia on the 5th of June, 1872, placed Gen. Grant in nomination for a second term by a unanimous vote. The selection was emphatically indorsed by the people five months later, 292 electoral votes being cast for him.

Soon after the close of his second term. Gen. Grant started upon his famous trip around the world. He visited almost every country of the civilized world, and was everywhere received with such ovations and demonstrations of respect and honor, private as well as public and official, as were never before bestowed upon any citizen of the United States.

He was the most prominent candidate before the Rejniblican National Convention in 1880 for a renomination for President. He went to New York and embarked in the brokerage business under the firm nameof Grant «& Ward. The latter proved a villain, wrecked Grant's fortune, and for larceny was sent to the penitentiary. The General was attacked with cancer in the throat, but suffered in his stoic-like manner, never complaining. He was re-instated as General of the Army and retired by Congress. The cancer soon finished its deadly work, and July 23, 1885, the nation wenf in mourning over the death of the illustrious General.

Utherford B. Hayes

UTHERFORD B. HAYES, the nineteenth President of ^^ the United States, was born in Delaware, O., Oct. 4, 1822, almost three months after the death of his father, Rutherford Hayes. His ancestry on both the paternal and maternal sides, was of the most honorable character. It can be traced, it is said, as far back as 1280, when Hayes and Rutherford were two Scottish chieftains, fighting side by side with Baliol, William Wallace and Robert Bruce. Both families belonged to the nobility, owned extensive estates, and had a large following. Misforcane ovttiraking the family, George Hayes left Scot- >nd in 1680, and settled in Windsor, Conn. His son George way born in Windsor, and remained there during his life. Daniel Hayes, son of the latter, married Sarah Lee, and lived from the time of his marriage until hJs death in Simsbury, Conn. Ezekiel, son of Daniel, was born in 1724, and was a manufacturer of scythes at Bradford, Conn. Rutherford Hayes, son of Ezekiel awd grandfather of President Hayes, was born in New Haven, in August, 1756. He was a farmer, blacksmith and tavern-keeper. He emigrated to Vermont at an ut(known date, settling in Brattleboro, where he established a hotel. Here his son Rutherford Hayes the father of President Hayes, was born. He was married, in September, 18 13, to Sophia Birchard, of Wilmiagton, Vt., whose ancestors emigrated thither from Connecticut, tiiey having been among the wealthiest and best famlies of Norwich. Her ancestry on the male side are traced back to 1635, to John Birchard, one of the principal founders of Norwich. Both of her grandfathers were soldiers in the Revolutionary War.

The father of President Hayes was an industrious, frugal and opened-hearted man. He was of a mechanical turn, and could mend a plow, knit a stocking, or do almost anything else that he choose to undertake. He was a member of the Church, active in all the benevolent enter[)rises of the town, and conducted his business on Christian principles. After the close of the war of 181 2, for reasons inexplicable to his neighbors, he resolved to emigrate to Ohio.

The journey from Vermont to Ohio in that day when there were no canals, steamers, nor railways, was a very serious affair. A tour of inspection was first made, occupying four months. Mr. Hayes deter mined to move to Delaware, where the family arrived in 1817. He died July 22, 1822, a victim of malarial fever, less than three months before the birth of the son, of whom we now write. Mrs. Hayes, in her sore bereavement, found the support she so much needed in her brother Sardis, who had been a member of the household from the day of its departure from Vermont, and in an orphan girl whom she had adopted some time before as an act of charity.

Rutherford B. Hayes

subject of this sketch was so feeble at birth that he was not expected to live beyond a month or two at most. As the months went by he grew weaker and weaker, so that the neighbors were in the habit of inquiring from time to time " if Mrs. Hayes' baby died last night." On one occasion a neighbor, who was on familiar terms with the family, after alluding to the boy's big head, and the mother's assiduous care of him, said in a bantering way, " That's right! Stick to him. You have got him along so far, and I shouldn't wonder if he would really come to something yet."

" You need not laugh," said Mrs. Hayes. " You .vait and see. You can't tell but I shall make him President of the United States yet." The boy lived, in spite of the universal predictions of his speedy death; and when, in 1825, his older brother was drowned, he became, if possible, still dearer to his mother.

The boy was seven years old before he went to school. His education, however, was not neglected. He probably learned as much from his mother and fister as he would have done at school. His sports were almost wholly within doors, his playmates being his sister and her associates. These circumstances tended, no doubt, to foster that gentleness of disposition, and that delicate consideration for the feelings of others, which are marked traits of his character. His uncle Sardis Birchard took the deepest interest ,in his education ; and as the boy's health had im- 'proved, and he was making good progress in his 'studies, he proposed to send him to college. His preparation commenced with a tutor at home; but he was afterwards sent for one year to a professor in the Wesleyan University, in Middletown, Conn. He entered Kenyon College in 1838, at the age of sixteen, and was graduated at the head of his class in 1842. Innnediately after his graduation he began the study of law in the office of Thomas Sparrow, Esq., in Columbus. Finding his opportunities for study in Columbus somewhat limited, he determined to enter the Law School at Cambridge, Mass., where he remained two years.

In 1845, after graduatmg at the Law School, he was admitted to the bar at Marietta, Ohio, and shortly afterward went into practice as an attorney-at-law with Ralph P. Buckland, of Fremont. Here he remained three years, acquiring but a limited practice, and apparently unambitious of distinction in his pro- Cession.

^1 1 849 he moved to Cincinnati, where his ambition found a new stimulus. For several years,_ however, his progress was slow. Two events, occurring at this period, had a powerful influence upon his subsequent'ife. One of these was his marrage with Miss Lucy Ware Webb, daughter of Dr. James Webb, of Chilicothe; the other was his introduction to the Cincinnati Literary Club, a body embracing among its aiembersf such men as^hief Justice Salmon P. Chase,

Gen. John Pope, Gov. Edward F. Noyes, and many others hardly less distinguished in after life. The marriage was a fortunate one in every respect, as everybody knows. Not one of all the wives of our Presidents was more universally admired, reverenced and beloved than was Mrs. Hayes, and no one did more than she to reflect honor upon American woman, hood. The Literary Club brought Mr. Hayes into constant association with young men of high character and noble aims, and lured him to display the qualities so long hidden by his bashfulness and modesty.

In 1856 he was nominated to the office of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; but he declined to ac. cept the nomination. Two years later, the office ok city solicitor becoming vacant, the City Council elected him for the unexpired term.

In 1 86 1, when the Rebellion broke out, he was at the zenith of his professional li5,. His rank at the bar was among the the first. But the news of the attack on Fort Sumpter found him eager to take uo arms for the defense of his country.

His military record was bright and illustrious. In October, 186 1, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel, and in August, 1862, promoted Colonel of the 79th Ohio regiment, but he refused to leave his old comrades and go among strangers. Subsequently, however, he was made Colonel of his old regiment. At the battle of South Mountain he received a wound, and while faint and bleeding displayed courage and fortitude that won admiration from all.

Col. Hayes was detached from his regiment, after his recovery, to act as Brigadier-General, and placed in command of the celebrated Kanawha division, and for gallant and meritorious services in the battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, he was promoted Brigadier-General. He was also brevetted Major-General, "for gallant and distinguished services during the campaigns of 1864, in West Virginia." In the course of his arduous services, four horses were shot from under him, and he was wounded four times.

In 1864, Gen. Hayes was elected to Congress, from the Second Ohio District, which had long been Democratic, He was not present during the campaign, and after his election was importuned to resign his commission in the army ; but he finally declared, " I shall never come to Washington until I can come by the way of Richmond." He was re-elected in 1866.

In 1867, Gen Hayes was elected Governor of Ohio, over Hon. Allen G. Thunnan, a popular Democrat. In 1869 was re-elected over George H, Pendleton. He was elected Governor for the third term in 1875.

In 1876 he was the standard bearer of the Republican Party in the Presidential contest, and after a hard long contest was chosen President, and was in augurated Monday, March 5, 1875. He served his full term, not, hcwever, with satisfaction to his party, but his admiiristration was an average oris

Tiventieth President

AMES A. GARFIELD, twentieth President of the United States, was born Nov. 19, 1831, in the woods of Orange, Cuyahoga Co., O His parents were Abram and Eliza (Ballou) Garfield, both of New England ancestry and from families well known in the early his- \t, tory of that section of our country, but had moved to the Western Reserve, in Ohio, early in its settlement.

The house in which James A. was born was not unlike the houses of poor Ohio farmers of that day. It about 20x30 feet, built of logs, with the spaces between the logs filled with clay. His father was a nard working farmer, and he soon had his fields cleared, an orchard planted, and a log barn built. The household comprised the father and mother and their four children - Mehetabel, Thomas, Mary and Tames. In May, 1823^ the father, from a cold contracted in helping to put out a forest fire, died. At this time James was about eighteen months old, and Thomas about ten years old. No one, perhaps, can cell how much James was indebted to his brother's toil and self-sacrifice during the twenty years succeeding his father's death, but undoubtedly very much. He now lives in Michigan, and the two sisvers live in Solon, O., near their birthplace.

The early educational advantages young Garfield enjoyed were very limited, yet he made the most of them. He labored at farm work for others, did carpenter work, chopped wood, or did anything that would bring in a few dollars to aid his widowed mother in he-- struggles to keep the little family together. Nor was Gen. Garfield ever ashamed of his origin, and he never forgot the friends of his struggling childhood, youth and manhood, neither did they ever forget him. When in the liighest seats of honor, the humblest fiiend of his boyhood was as kindly greeted as ever. The poorest laborer was sure of the sympathy of one who had known all the bitterness of want and the sweetness of bread earned [)y the sweat of the brow. He was ever the simple, plain, modest gentleman.

The highest ambition of young Garfield until hi was about sixteen years old was to be a captain of a vessel on Lake Erie. He was anxious to go aboard a vessel, which his mother strongly opposed. She finally consented to his going to Cleveland, with the understanding, however, that he should try to obtair some other kind of employment. He walked all the way to Cleveland. This was his first visit to the city After making many applications for work, and trying to get aboard a lake vessel, and not meeting with success, he engaged as a driver for his cousin, Amos Letcher, on the Ohio &: Pennsylvania Canal. He remained at this work but a short time when he wen'; home, and attended the seminary at Chester for about three years, when he entered Hiram and the Eclectic Institute, teaching a few terms of school in the meantime, and doing other work. This school was started by the Disciples of Christ in 1850, of which church he was then a member. He became janitor and bell-ringer in order to help pay his way He then became both teacher and pupil. He soon " exhausted Hiram " and needed more ; hence, in the fall of 1854, he entered Williams College, from which he graduated in 1856, taking one of the highest hct^,- ors of his class. He afterwards returned to Hiram College as its President. As above stated, he early united with the Christian or Diciples Church at Hiram, and was ever after a devoted, zealous member, often preaching in its pulpit and places where he happened to be. Dr. Noah Porter, President of Yale College, says of him in reference to his religion :

James A. Garfield

" President Garfield was more than a man of strong moral and religious convictions. His whole history, from boyhood to the last, shows that duty to man and to God, and devotion to Christ and life and faith and spiritual commission were controlling springs of his being, and to a more than usual degree. In my judgment there is no more interesting feature of his character than his loyal allegiance to the body of Christians in which he was trained, and the fervent sympathy which he ever showed in their Christian communion. Not many of the few 'wise and mighty and noble who are called' show a similar loyalty to the less stately and cultured Christian comnmnions in which they have been reared. Too often it is true that as they step upward in social and political significance they step upward from one degree to another in some of the many types of fashionable Christianity. President Garfield adhered to the ::hurcli of his mother, the church in which he was trained, and in which he served as a pillar and an evangelist, and yet with the largest and most unsectarian charity for all 'who love our Lord in sincerity.'"

Mr. Garfield was united in marriage with Miss Lucretia Rudolph, Nov. 1 1, 1858, who proved herself worthy as the wife of one whom all the world loved and mourned. To them were born seven children, five of whom are still living, four boys and one girl.

Mr. Garfieldmade his first political speeches in 1856, m Hiram and the neighboring villages, and three years later he began to speak at county mass-meetings, and became the favorite speaker wherever he was. During this year he was elected to the Ohio Senate. He also began to study law at Cleveland, and in i86r was admitted to the bar. The great Rebellion broke out in the early part of this year, and Mr. Garfield at once resolved to fight as he had talked, and enlisted to. defend the old flag. He received his commission as Lieut. -Colonel of the Fortysecond Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Lifantry, Aug. 14, 1 86 1. He was immediately put into active service, and before he had ever seen a gun fired inaction, was placed in command of four regiments of infantry and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driving out of his native State the officer 'Humphrey Marsliall) reputed to be the ablest of those, not educated to war whom Kentucky had given to the Rebellion. This work was bravely and speedily accomplished, although against great odds. President Lincoln, on his success commissioned him Brigadier-General, Jan. 10, 1862; and as "he had been the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years before, so now he was the youngest General in the army." He was with Gen. Buell's army at Shiloh, in its operations around Corinth and its march through Alabama. He was then detailed as a member of the General Court-Martial for the trial of Gen. Fitz-John Porter. He was then ordered to report to Gen. Rosecrans, and was assigned to the " Chief of Staff."

Without an effort on his part Gei? Garfield was elected to Congress in the fall of 1862 from the Nineteenth District of Ohio. This section of Ohio had been represented in Congress for sixty year* mainly by two men - Elisha Whittlesey and Joshuv R. Giddings. It was not without a struggle that he resigned his place in the army. At the time he entered Congress he was the youngest member in that body. Ther^ he remained by successive reelections until he was elected President in 1880. Of his labors in Congress Senator Hoar says : " Sinct the year 1864 you cannot think of a question whicii has been debated in Congress, or discussed before & tribunel of the American people, in regard to whict you will not find, if you wish instruction, the argument on one side stated, in almost every instance better than by anybody else, in some speech made in the House of Representatives or on the hustings by Mr. Garfield."

Uix)n Jan. 14, 1880, Gen. Garfield was elected to the U. S. Senate, and on the eighth of June, of the same year, was nominated as the candidate of his party for President at the great Chicago Convention. He was elected in the following November, and on March 4, 1881, was inaugurated. Probably no administration ever opened its existence under brighter auspices' than that of President Garfield, and every day it grew in favor with the people, and by the first of July he had completed all the initiatory and preliminary work of his administration and was preparing to leave the city to meet his friends at Williams College. While on his way and at the depot, in company with Secretary Blaine, a man stepped behind him, drew a revolver, and fired directly at his back. The President tottered and fell, and as he did so the assassin fired a second shot, the bullet cutting the left coat sleeve of his victim, but inflicting no further injury. It has been very truthfully said that this was " the shot that was heard round the world " Never before in the history of the Nation had anything occurred which so nearly froze the blood of the peop'"? for the moment, as this awful deed. He was smitten on the brightest, gladdest day of all his life, and was at the summit of his power and hope. For eighty days, all during the hot months of July and August, he lingered and suffered. He, however, remained master of himself till the last, and by his magnificent bearing was teaching the country and the world the noblest of human lessons - how to live grandly in the very clutch of death. Great in life, he was surpassingly great in death. He passed serenely away Sept. 19, 1883, at Elberon, N. J., on the very bank of the ocean, where he had been taken shortly previous. The world wept at his death, as it never had done on the death of any other man who had ever lived upon it. The murderer was duly tried, found guilty and executed, in one year after he committed tVie foul deed.

T I Ven T Y.Firs T President Hester A. Arthur

Young Arthur was educated at Union College, S( henectady, where he excelled in all his studies. After his graduation he taught school in Vermont for two years, and at the expiration cf that time came to New York, with $500 in his pocket, and entered the office of ex-Judge E. D. Culver as student. After being admitted to the bar he formed a partnership with his intimate friend and room-mate, Henry D. Gardiner, with the intention of practicing in the West, and for three months they roamed about in the Western States in search of an eligible site, but in the end returned to New York, where they hung out their shingle, and entered upon a successful career almost from the start. General Arthur soon afterward nv'irr'f'd the daughter of Lieutenant

Herndon, of the United States Navy, who was lost at sea. Congress voted a gold medal to his widow in recognition of the bravery he displayed on that occasion. Mrs. Arthur died shortly before Mr. Arthur's nomination to the Vice Presidency, leaving two children.

Gen. Arthur obtained considerable legal celebrity in his first great case, the famous Lemmon suit, brought to recover possession of eight slaves who had been declared free by Judge Paine, of the Superior Court of New York City. It was in 1852 that Jon, athan Lemmon, of Virginia, went to New York with his slaves, intending to ship them to Texas, when they were discovered and freed. The Judge decided that they could not be held by the owner under the Fugitive Slave Law. A howl of rage went up from the South, and the Virginia Legislature authorized the Attorney General of that State to assist in an appeal. Wm. M. Evarts and Chester A. Arthur were employed to represent the People, and they won their case, which then went to the Supreme Court of the United States. Charles O'Conor here espoused the cause of the slave-holders, but he too was beaten by Messrs Evarts and Arthur, and a long step was taken toward the emancipation of the black race.

Another great service was rendered by General Arthur in the same cause in 1856. Lizzie Jennings, a respectable colored woman, was put off a Fourth Avenue car with violence after she had paid her fare. General Arthur sued on her behalf, and secured a verdict of $500 damages. The next day the company issued an order to admit colored persons to ride on their cars, and the other car companies quickly followed their example. Before that the Sixth Avenue Company ran a few special cars for colored persons and the other lines refused to let them ride at all.

General Arthur was a delegate to the Convention at Saratoga that founded the Republican party. Previous to the war he was Judge-Advocate of the Second Brigade of the State of New York, and Governor Morgan, of that State, appointed him Engineerin-Chief of his staff. In 1861, he was made Inspector General, and soon afterward became Quartermaster-General. In each of these offices he rendered great service to the Government during the war. At the end of Governor Morgan's term he resumed the practice of the law, forming a partnership with Mr. Ransom, and then Mr. Phelps, the District Attorney of New York, was added to the firm. The legal practice of this well-known firm was very large and lucrative, each of the gentlemen composing it were able lawyers, and possessed a splendid local reputation, if not indeed one of national extent.

He always took a leading part in State and city politics. He was appointed Collector of the Port of New York by President Grant, Nov. 21 1872, to succeed Thomas Murphy, and held the office until July, ?o, 1878, when he was succeeded by Collector Merritt.

Mr. Arthur was nominated on the Presidential ticket, with Gen. James A. Garfield, at the famous National Republican Convention held at Chicago in June, 1880. This was perhaps the greatest political convention that ever assembled on the continent. It was composed of the leading politicians of the Republican party, all able men, and each stood firm and fought vigorously and with signal tenacity for their respective candidates that were before the convention for the nomination. Finally Gen. Garfield received the nomination for President and Gen. Arthur for Vice-President. The campaign which followed was one of the most animated known in the history of our country. Gen. Hancock, the standard-bearer of the Democratic party, was a popular man, and his party made a valiant fight for his election.

Finally the election came and the country's choice vvas Garfield and Arthur. They were inaugurated March 4, 1881, as President and Vice-President. K few months only had passed ere the newly chosen President was the victim of the assassin's bullet. Then came terrible weeks of suffering, - those moments of anxious suspense, when the hearts of all civilized nations were throbbing in unison, longing for the re covery of the noble, the good President. The remarkable patience that he manifested during those hours and weeks, and even months, of the most terrible suffering man has often been called upon to endure, was seemingly more than human. It was certainly Godlike. During all this period of deepest anxiety Mr, Arthur's every move was watched, and be it said to hi? credit that his every action displayed only an earnest desire that the suffering Garfield might recovt;r, u serve the remainder of the term he had so auspi ciously begun. Not a selfish feeling was manifesteC in deed or look of this man, even though the most honored position in the world was at any momen'J likely to fall to him.

At last God in his mercy relieved President Garfield from further suffering, and the world, as nevei before in its history over the death of any othei man, wept at his bier. Then it became the duty o^ the Vice President to c^ssume the responsibilities oi the high office, and he took the oath in New York. Sept. 20, i88r. The position was an embarrassing one to him, made doubly so from the facts that all eyes were, on him, anxious to know what he would do, what policy he would pursue, and who he would select as advisers. The duties of the office had been greatly neglected during the President's long illness, and many important measures were to be immediately decided by him ; and still farther to embarrass him he did not fail to realize under what circumstances he became President, and knew the feelings of many on this point. Under these trying circumstances President Arthur took the reins of the Government in his owr hands; and, as embarrassing as were the condition o^ affairs, he happily surprised the nation, acting so wisely !hat but few criticised his administration. He served the nation well and faithfully, until the close of his administration, March 4, 1885, and was a popular candidate before his party for a second term. His name was ably presented before the convention at Chicago, and was received with great favor, and doubtless but for the personal popularity of one of the opposing candidatesj he would have been selected as the standard-bearer of his party for another campaign. He retired to private life carrying with him the best wishes of the American people, whom he had served in a manner satisfactory to them and with credit to himself.

TEPHEN GROVER CLEVELAND, the twenty- second President of the United States, was born in 1837, in the obscure town of Caldwell, Essex Co., N. J., and in a little two-and-ahalf-story white house which is still standing, characteristically to mark the humble birth-place of one of America's great men in striking contrast with the Old World, where all men high in office must be high in origin and born in the cradle of wealth. When the subject of this sketch was three years of age, his father, who was a Presbyterian minister, with a large family and a small salary, moved, by way of the Hudson River and Erie Canal, to Fayetteville, in search of an increased income and a Urger field of work. Fayetteville was then the most straggling of country villages, about five miles from Pompey Hill, where Governor Seymour was born.

At the last mentioned place young Grover commenced going to school in the "good, old-fashioned way," and presumably distinguished himself after the manner of all village boys, in doing the things he ought not to do. Such is the distinguishing trait of all geniuses and independent thinkers. When he arrived at the age of 14 years, he had outgrown the capacity of the village school and expressed a most emphatic desire to be sent to an academy. To this his father decidedly objected. Academies in those days cost money; besides, his father wanted him to become self-supporting by the quickest possible means, and this at that time in Fayetteville seemed to be a position in a country store, where his father and the large family on his hands had considerable influence. Grover was to be paid $50 for his services the first year, and if he proved trustworthy he was to receive $100 the second year. Here the lad commenced his career as salesman, and in two years he had earned so good a reputation for trustworthiness that his employers desired to retain him for an indefinite length of time. Otherwise he did not exhibit as yet any particular " flashes of genius " or eccentricities of talent. He was simply a good boy. But instead of remaining with this firm in Fayetteville, he went with the family in their removal to Clinton, where he had an opportunity of attending a high school. Here he industriously pursued his studies until the family removed with him to a point on Black River known as the " Holland Patent," a village of 500 or 600 people, 15 miles north of Utica, N. Y. At this place his father died, after preaching but three Sundays. This event broke up the family, and Grover set out for New York City to accept, at a small salary, the position of " under-teacher " in an asylum for the blind. He taught faithfully for two years, and although he obtained a good reputation in this capacity, he concluded that teaching was not his calling for life, and, reversing the traditional order, lie left the city tc seek his fortune. inst=^rl o^ cni.ng to a city. He tirsc mougnt ot Cleveland, Ohio, as there was some charm in that name for him; but before proceeding to that place he went to Buffalo to jisk the advice of his uncle, Lewis F. Allan, a noted stock-breeder of that place. The latter did not speak enthusiastically. " What is it you want to do, my boy?" he asked. "Well, sir, I want to study law," was the reply, "Good gracious!" remarked ili« old gentleman ; " do you, indeed ? What ever put that into your head? How much money have you got?" '"Well, sir, to tell the truth, I haven't got any."

After a long consultation, his uncle offered him a place temporarily as assistant herd-keeper, at $50 a year, while lie could "look around." One day soon afterward he boldly walked into the office of Rogers, Bowen & Rogers, of Buffalo, and told Ihem what he wanted. A number of young men were already engaged in the office, but Grover's persistency won, and he was finally permitted to come as an office boy and liave the use of the law library, for the nominal sum of $3 or $4 a week. Out of this he had to pay for his board and washing. The walk to and from his uncle's was a long and rugged one; and, although the first winter was a memorably severe one, his shoes were out of repair and his overcoat - he had none - yet he was nevertheless prompt and regular. On the first day of his service here, his senior employer threw down a copy of Blackstone before him with a bang that made the dust fly, saying "That's where they all begin." A titter ran around the little circle of clerks and students, as they thought that was enough to scare young Grover out of his plans ; Dut in due time he mastered that cumbersome volume. Then, as ever afterward, however, Mr. Cleveland exhibited a talent for executiveness rather than for chasing principles through all their metaphysical possibilities. " Let us quit talking and go and do ;t," was practically his motto.

The first public office to which Mr. Cleveland was eiected was that of Sheriff of Erie Co., N. Y., in which Buffalo is situated; and in such capacity it fell to his duty to inflict capital pi'''.Ishment upon two caiminals. In 1S81 he was elected Mayor of the City of Buffalo, on tlie Democratic ticket, with especial reference to the bringing about certain reforms in the administration of the municipal affairs of that c-'t" Tn this ofiFice. a? well as that of Sheriff, his periormance of duty has generally been considered fair, with possibly a few exceptions which were ferreted out and magnified during the last Presidential campaign. As a specimen of his plain language in a veto message, we quote from one vetoing an iniaui tous street-cleaning contract: "This is a time fo\ plain speech, and my objection to your action shall be plainly stated. I regard it as the culmination of a mos bare-faced, impudent and shameless scheme to betray the interests of the people and to worsa than squander the people's money." The New York Sun afterward very highly commended Mr. Cleveland's administration as Mayor of Buffalo, and thereupon recommended him for Governor of the Empire State. To the latter ofifice he was elected i:i 1882, and his administration of the affairs of State was generally satisfactory. The mistakes he made, if any, were made very public throughout the nation after he was nominated for President of the United States. For this high office he was nominated July II, 1884, by the National Democratic Convention sf Chicago, when other competitors were Thomas F. Bayard, Roswell P. Flower, Thomas A. Hendricks, Benjamin F. Butler, Allen G. Thurman, etc.: and he was elected by the people, by a majority of about a thousand, over the brilliant and long-tried Republican statesman, James G. Blaine. President Cleveland resigned his office as Governor of New York in January, 1885, in order to prepare for his duties as the Chief Executive of ihe United States, in which capacity his term commenced at noon on the 4th ot March, 1885. For his Cabinet officers he selected the following gentlemen: For Secretary of State, Thomas F. Bayard, of Delaware ; Secretary of the Treasury, Daniel Manning, of New York ; Secretary of War, William C. Endicott, of Massachusetts ; Secretary of the Navy, William C. Whitney, of New York; Secretary of the Literior, L. Q. C. Lamar, cf Mississippi; Postmaster-General, William F. Vilas, of Wisconsin ; Attorney-General, A. H. Garland, of Arkansas.

The silver question precipitated a controversy between those who were in favor of the continuance of silver coinage and those who were opp^osed, Mr. CleveLii.d answering for the latter, even before his inauguration.

Twenty-Third President

'uwenty-third President, is the descendant of one of the historical families of this country. The head of the family was a Major (leneral Harrison, one of Oliver Cromwell's trusted followers and fighters. In the aenith of Cromwell's power it became the duty of this Harrison to participate m ttie trial of Charles I, and afterward to sign the death warrant of the king. He subsequently paid for this with his life, being hung Oct. 13, 16G0. His descendants came to America, and the next of the family that appears in history is BenjarrJn Harrison, of Virginia, great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, and after whom he was named. Benjamin Harrison was a member of the Continental Congress during the years 1 774-5-6, and was one of the original signers of the Declaration of Independence. He wa three times elected Governor of Virginia. Gea William Henry Harrison, the son of the distinguished patriot of the Revolution, after a suo. cessful career as a soldier durmg the War of 1812, and with -a clean record as Governor of the Northwestern Territory, was elected President of the United States in 1840. His earser was cut short by death within one month rafter ais inr.uguration. President Harrison wa-: born at North Bond, Hamilton Co., Ohio, Aug. 20, 1853 His life up to the time of his graduation by the MiamiUniversity, at Oxford, Ohio, was the uneventful one of a country lad of a family of small means. His father was able to give him a good education, and nothing more. He became engaged while at college to tho daughter of Dr. Scott, Principal of a female schoo at Oxford. After graduating he determined to enter upon the study of the law. He went to Cin cinnati and then read law for two years. At the expiration of that time young Harrison received th'; only inheritance of his life ; his aunt dying left hiit a lot valued at $800. He regarded this legacy as a fortune, and decided to get married at once, tak3 this money and go to some Eastern town an ' begin the practice of law. He sold his lot, and with the money in his pocket, he started out witu his young wife to fight for a place in the world. Me decided to go to Indianapolis, which was even at that time a town of promise. He met with slight encouragement at first, making scarcely anything the first year. He worked diligently, applying himself closely to his calling, built up an extensive practice and took a leading rank in the legal prozession. He is the father of two children.

In 186C Mr. Harrison was nominated for the position of Supreme Court Reporter, and then began his experience as a stump speakei He canvassed the State thoi'oughly, and was elected by a handsome majority. In 1862 he raised the 17th Indiana Infantry, and was chosen its Colonel. His regiment was composed of ^he rawest of material, out Col. Harrison employed all his time at first mastering military tactics and drilling his men, when he therefore came to move toward the East with Sherman his I'egiment was one of the best slrilled and organized in the army. At Resaca he especially distinguished himself, and for his bravery at Peachtree Creek he was made a Brigadier General, Gen. Hooker speaking of him in the most complimentary terms.

During the absence of Gen. Harrison in the field he Supreme Court declared the ofl3ce of the Supreme Court Reporter vacant, and another person was elected to the position. From the time of leaving Indiana with his regiment until the fall of 1864 he had taken no leave of absence, but having been nominated that year for the same office, he got a thirty-day leave of absence, and during that time made a brilliant canvass of the State, and was elected for another term. He then started to rejoin Sherman, but on the way was stricken down with scarlet lever, and after a most trying siege made his way to the front in time to participate in the closing incidents of the war..

In 1868 Gen. Harrison declined ". re-election as reporter, and resumed the practice of laWo In 1876 Ue was a candidate for Governor, Although debated, the brilliant campaign he made won Tor him a National reputation, and he was much sought, especially in the East, to make speeches. In 1880, as usual, he took an active part In the campaign, and wiis elected to the United States Senate. Here uc set-ved six years, and u^as known as one of the iblest men, best lawyer"" t*nd strongest debaters in that body. With the expiration of his Senatorial term he returned to the practice of his profession, becoming the head of one of the strongest firms in the State.

The political campaign of 1888 was one of the most memorable in the history of our country. The convention which assembled in Chicago in June and named Mr. Harrison as the chief standard bearer of the Republican party, was great in every particular, and on this account, and the attitude it as. sumed upon the vital questions of the day, chief among which was the tariff, awoke a deep interest in the campaign throughout the Nation. Shortly after the nomination delegations began to visit Mr. Harrison at Indianapolis, his home. This movement became popular, and from all sections of the country societies, clubs and delegations journeyed thither to pay their respects to the distinguished statesman. The popularity of these was greatly increased on account of the remarkable speeches made by Mr. Harrison. He spoke daily all through the summer and autumn to these visiting delegations, and so varied, masterly and eloquent were his speeches that they at once placed him in the foremost rank of American orators and statesmen.

On account of his eloquence as a speaker and his power as a debater, he was called upon at an uncommonly early age to take part in the discussion of the great questions that then began to agitate the country. He was an uncompromising anti slavery man, and was matched against some of the most eminent Democratic speakers of his State» No man who felt the touch of his blade desired to be pitted with him again. With all his eloquence as an orator he never spoke for oratorical effect, but his words always went like bullets to the mark He is purely American in his ideas and is a splec did tj'pe of the American statesman. Gifted witii quick perception, a logical mind and a ready tongue, he is one of the most distinguished impromptu speakers in the Nation. Many of these speeches sparkled with the rarest of eloquence and contained arguments of greatest weight. Many of his terse statements have alreadj' become aphorisms. Original in thought, precise in logic, terse in statement, yet withal faultless in eloquence, he is recognized as the sound statesman and bri:i;.an orator c tj^. day

SHE time has arrived when it becomes the duty of the people of this county to perpetuate the names of their pioneers, to furnish a record of their early settlement, and relate the story of their progress. The civilization of our day, the enlightenment of the age and the duty that men of the present time owe to their ancestors, to themselves and to their posterity, demand that a record of their lives and deeds should be made. In biographical history is found a power .^ ^ _ to instruct man by precedent, to safe vessel in which the names and actions of the people who contributed to raise this country from its primitive state may be preserved. Surely and rapidly the great and aged men, who in their prime entered the wilderness and claimed the virgin soil as their heritage, are passing to their graves. The number remaining who can relate the incidents of the first days of settlement is becoming small indeed, so that an actual necessity exists for tlie collection and preservation of events without delay, before all the early settlers are cut down by the scythe of Time.

To be forgotten has been the great dread of mankind from remotest ages. All will be forgotten soon enough, in spite of their best works and the most earnest efforts of their friends to perserve the memory of their lives. The means employed to prevent oblivion and to perpetuate their memory has been in proportion to the amount of intelligence they possessed. Th-i pyramids of Egypt were built to perpetuate the names and deeds of their great rulers. The exhumations made by the archeologists of Egypt from buried Memphis indicate a desire of those people to perpetuate the memory of their achievements. The erection of the great obelisks w^ere for the same purpose. Coming down to a later period, we find the Greeks and Romans erecting mausoleums and monuments, and carving out statues to chronicle their great achievements and carry them down the ages. It is also evident that the Mound-builders, in piling up their great mounds of earth, had but this idea - to leave something to show that they had lived. All these works, though many of them costly in the extreme, give but a faint idea of the lives and characters of those whose memory they were intended to perpetuate, and scarcely anything of the masses of the people that then lived. The great pyramids and some of the obelisks remain objects only of curiosity ; the mausoleums, monuments and statues are crumbling into dust.

It was left to modern ages to establish an intelligent, undecaying, immutable method of perpetuating a full history - immutable in that it is almost unlimited in extent and perpetual in its action; and this is through the art of printing.

To the present generation, however, we are indebted for the introduction of the admirable system of local biography. By this system every man, thougl he has not achieved what the world calls greatness, has the means to perpetuate his life, his history, through the coming ages.

The scythe of Time cuts down all ; nothing of the physical man is left. The monument which his children or friends may erect to his memory in the cemetery will crumble into dust and pass away; but his life, his achievements, the work he has accomplished, which otherwise would be forgotten, is perpetuated by a record of this kind.

To preserve the lineaments of our companions we engrave their portraits, for the same reason we collect the attainable facts of their history. Nor do we think it necessary, as we speak only truth of them, to wait until they are dead, or until those who know them are gone: to do this we are ashamed only to publish to the world the history of those wh()se live? are unwc-thy of public record.

^^^ develops character. There is perhaps no position in life in which difficulties are not to be met and conquered before success can be attained. As the skillful mariner gains his best experience amid storms, so on the ocean of life it is adversity which develops self-reliance, courage and the highest discipline.

The experiences of many men go to prove the fact that obstacles in the path of progress may usually be overcome by perseverance, honest, zeal and energy, and above all by a determination to succeed in the face of every obstacle. These elements in the character of Mr, Sears furnish us with the key to his success. Among the citizens of Circleville, few attained the prosperity which rewarded his unconquerable perseverance, and a brief review of his life will be both interesting and profitable. Death has closed his labors on earth, but his character still lives as a model for others, furnishing an example which posterity may well study, admire and imitate.

The Sears family traces its ancestry to p]ngland, whence the great-grandfather of our subject came to America with two brothers, and settled in Connecticut. Daniel Sears, grandfather of our subject, was a native of the Nutmeg State, whence he removed to Lewis County. N. Y., and settled in

Leyden Township, engaging in lumbering and farming in the section of country known as the Black River. Mis death occurred at Port Leyden, where he was buried. He came of Quaker ancestry.

The father of our subject, Chaunce}' Sears, was born in Connecticut, and was there married to Miss Emily IloUister, a native of Vermont. He pursued farming operations in Connecticut, and removed from that State to Port Le_yden, N. Y., residing there for several years, but finally moving to Columbia County, N. Y., where he sojourned until his death. His principal occupation tlirough life was that of agriculture, and he accumulated a competency. In politics, he was a Republican, and through life he adhered to the ])rinciples and teachings of the Quakers, in which faith he was reared.

The 3^oungest son in a famil}- of eight children, three sons and five daughters, Chauncey Edward Sears was born in Leyden, Lewis County, N. Y. His boyhood and early manhood were passed in Lewis and Columbia Counties, N. Y., where he attended the common school, worked as a mechanic, and also became familiar with the duties of farm labor. When twent^^-eight years of age, he went to Livingston County, N. Y,, and, settling near Mt. Morris, engaged in general farming. He was especially interested in raising broom corn, from which he manufactured brooms, and also in raising

Portrait And Biographical Record

In Livingston County Mr. .Sears met and married Miss Annie Smith, M. D., a graduate of the Woman's Medical College of New York City. In the spring of 1873, he and his wife removed to Circleville, and during the same year built a factory for drying sweet corn, and a few jears later erected the canning establishment which is now the largest and one of the most successful enterprises of the kind in the State, and one of the three largest in the United States. Two engines are in constant use from June to November, and between three and four hundred employes are given work. All the modern improvements and machinery are to be found in this establishment, and ever3^thing is conducted with system and dispatch. The dr3'ing house is 60x150 feet in dimensions; the packing house is large, two stories in height, and all the other buildings for storage are commodious and conveniently arranged. The details of all this business were superintended by our subject. In 1882, Mr. and Mrs. Sears erected a canning factory in Three Rivers, St. Joseph County, Mich., which the}' have operated since that time.

A man of great energy, promptness and reliability, whose word was always considered as good as his bond, Mr. Sears was a splendid addition to the citizenship of Circleville. lie possessed great versatility of talent, was an able writer and a prompt and eloquent speaker. lie was a public-spirited, upright citizen, and a humanitarian, using his talents and means freel}' for the uplifting of society and humanity in general. A thorough temperance advocate, he did much for the advancement of that cause, and was an active member of the Independent Order of Good Templars. In politics, he was a stanch Republican. In religious matters, he was educated in the Quaker principles, but was no stickler for creeds, forms or ceremonies, believing firmly in a practical daily Christian life as taught and lived by Jesus. He died February 7, 1892, greatly lamented by the entire community where he resided.

was a native of Greenock, Scotland, and died when she was an infant; her mother passed away when forty-four 3'ears old. The latter was the fourth daughter in a family of twelve children, seven daughters and five sons. Her parents were by name Abram and Poll}' Gillitt, and were natives of Vermont. Mrs. Gillitt was a sister of President Fillmore's mother. Mrs. Scars is sole proprietor of the business of C. E. Sears & Co., manufacturers of canned goods, and is a lady whose business acumen is well known, and one who is thoroughly capable of superintending her own affairs. She is a graduate of medicine, eclectic in principle, and very successful in practice when she gave her time thereto.

In later years, it was the choice of Mrs. Sears and her husband that she should assist in the business instead of following her profession. Wide-awake and enterprising, she has conducted the entire business successfully since the death of her husband, and is a woman of independent turn of mind, always doing her own thinking. All the progressive and reform movements of the day find in her a faithful friend, and she is identified with the Western Packers' Canned C4oods Association. She is a member of the Grand Lodge of Ohio of Good Templars, and at present serves as Chief Templar of her own district. In i-eligion,she was reared in the (Quaker doctrine, but is no sectarian, believing that Christ's people should all be one, and that without a daily practical Christian life, theories and doctrines are of no avail. In politics, she is a Republican, bilt believes in the equal rights and privileges of all men and women as being Godgiven.

ylLLIAM CROMWELL ROW, ex-County Surveyor and Civil Engineer for the State Canal Commission, is a man of education and learning, and well posted in all that pertains to his business. Like many of the most active and enterprising residents of Circleville, he is a native of Pickaway County, born one mile southeast of Circleville, in Washington Township, on the 25th

His father, Samuel Row, was born in this county (see sketch of Dr. George Row) and followed the occupation of a farmer in Washington Township. On this farm our subject passed his yonthful days, and in addition to the common-school education he received in the home district, he attended the High School in Circleville for one year, lieing possessed of more than tlie ordinary degree of learning and good sense, he began teaching school in Washington Township when eighteen 3^ears of age, and, meeting witJi mucli success in this occupation, he continued it for nine years, teaching during the winter months for the most part. After this, he attended school for three j^ears, during 18G9. 1870 and 1871, taking a miscellaneous course. He studied engineering, and worked at this, and also taught school in his native State until 1876. He then became Deputy County Treasurer under John L. Seall, for eighteen months, or until he was elected to the position of County Surveyor, when he resigned.

In the year 1877, he was nominated and elected to the last-mentioned office on the Democratic ticket, and so ably did he discharge the duties of this position, and so w^ell did he meet the requirements of the people, that he was re-elected in 1880, and again in 1883, and held the oHice until the 1st of January, 1887. During this time, he was actively' engaged in county surveying. In 1890, he was appointed by the Canal Commission as Civil I^ngineer; has held this position for two years, and during eighteen months of that time he was on the road and traveled all over the State. He does his office work here, and finds time outside of his regular duties to interest himself in, and extend a helping hand to, all worthy enterprises.

He chose for his life companion Miss Olive Bennett, a native of Pickaway County, born in Circleville, and their union was celebrated in the year 1879. She is the daughter of A. J. and Sarah Bennett, of Columbus, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Row's union has been blessed by tlie birth of five interesting children: Edith, Fayne S., William C. Jr., Leslie, and Helen. Mr. Row has done a great deal of work for the city since he has held his present position. He laid out a cemetery in Walnut Township, this county, and also one in Fairfield County; also an addition to Circleville, and numerous other equally important duties. He assisted in organizing the State Association of Surveyors and Engineers, and was an active member until 1888, when he withdrew. He is a Democrat in politics, and socially is a Kniglit of Pythias.

^^^ Democratic Daily and Weekly Het'ald, at Circleville, was born in Bellbrook, Greene County, Ohio, August 20, 1846. His father, .John V,. Murph}^, was also a native of that county, while his grandfather, John C. Murphy, hailed from Kentucky, and early in life located near Bellbrook. He later went to Cincinnati, where he was engaged in pork-packing from 1830 to 1840, at the end of which time he returned to Greene Count}- and became an agriculturist. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and died in 1872, after having been successfully engaged for a number of j'ears in cultivating the soil.

The father of our subject was engaged in the drug business in Xenia from 1857 to 1866, when he disposed of his business and removed to Mankato, Minn., and became a banker and real-estate dealer. He was the resident manager and menibei- of the Board erecting the State Normal School Building of Mankato, j)eing one of the earliest settlers in that place, locating there before the railroad was built, and was active in all public improvements. In 1872, he returned to his native State, and departed this life at Xenia. His good wife, who was known m her maidenhood as Miss Rebecca Clark, was horn in New York State, and was the daughter of Harry Clnrk, who later removed to Mansfield in the northern part of this State, where he was engaged as a wheelwright and surve^'or. Mrs. Muiphy is still living and makes her home in the city of Chicago.

I'Ortrait And Biographical Record

children born to his parents, and received his education in the public schools at Xenia and the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. In 1870, he entered the law department of the University' of Michigan, from which institution he was graduated two years later with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He tlien removed to Iowa, where he was engaged in the practice of his profession at Hamburg. After being thus engaged for two years, he became publisher of the Sidney (Iowa) Union, a weekly paper which he conducted very successfully for six 3'ears, during three j^ears of that time being Postmaster in that city.

In 1881, on account of ill-health, the original of tills sketch spent eighteen months in Colorado and 2sew Mexico, then in the fall of 1882 returned to Circleville, formed a partnership with Mr. Darst, and published the weekly Herald. A year later, the}' started the daily, which now has one of the largest circulations in the count}'. In 1863, Mr. Murphy enlisted in the Fifth Independent Battallion Ohio Cavalry, and later became a member of the One Hundred and Eighty-sixth Ohio Infantry, serving his country for a period of eighteen months and being mustered out as Corporal.

Miss Margaret B. Darst became tlie wife of our subject June 8, 1876. She was born in Circleville, and by her union with Mr. Murphy has become the mother of two children, viz: Clark D. and Kenneth. In their clnu'ch relations, they are Episcopalians.

^ ^ILLIAM FLEMING. Amid the mutations \/y// ^^^^'' which the years in their llight en- W^ compass the changing experiences of mankind, it becomes the happ}' fate of but few to pass a long and successful life upon the homestead where first their eyes opened to the light of day. Such has been the fortunate experience of Mr. Fleming, who was born January 31, 1809 upon the farm where he still lives, in Wa^ne Township, Pickaway County, and who has, during his useful existence of four-score and more years, been closely connected with the development of the county.

Among the soldiers who during the Revolution fought for liberty, was Capt. Fleming, whose son John was the father of our subject. John Fleming was born in Berkeley Count}', Ya., whence he emigrated to Ohio about 1802, and settled in Wayne Township. Some six years after his arrival here, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Moore, who was born in Bourbon County, Ky. Her father, Fergus Moore, emigrated from Ireland when a young man, and served five years in the Revolutionary AVar, and, after his marriage in Pennsylvania, emigrated to Kentucky, and thence to Chillicothe, Ohio, where he remained for a time. He was one of its earliest settlers, and put the first shingles on any building in the village. At that early day two or three families occupied one rude cabin, and kept corn under the bed in order to secrete it from the Indians.

Subsequently, Mr. Moore removed to Wayne Township, Pickaway County, where he purchased a tract of land, and was one of the first settlers. His useful and honorable life was brought to a close i.n 1806, when he passed from earth to his final rest. He is spoken of to this day as a brave soldier during the Revolutionary War, a kind neighbor and industrious man. The parents of our subject, after their marriage, made their home in a rude log cabin, surrounded by a dense wilderness, and containing only the absolute necessities of existence. There the father cleared and improved a farm, leaving it only to serve during the War of 1812, and when he reached the age of sixty four years, in 1844, he was called hence by death. His widow survived until 18G6, when she died at the age of seventy-five. They were worthy peojile, sincere Christians, and interested in measures of public importance, he having served as one of the first Trustees of the township, and being in other ways identified with its progress.

The parental family consisted of eleven children, three of whom are still living, and tlie eldest of this large family is William. He was born in a cabin constructed of round logs, and in that primitive structure his boyhood days were passed. His education was limited to the old-fashioned schools of that time, with rude benches and few text-books, and he also aided in the clearing of the farm.

July 22, 1832, Mr. Fleming was united in marriage to Miss f^lizabeth Sullivan, who was born in Pickaway County, January 11, 1812, and was the daughter of Aaron and Sarah (Atchison) Sullivan, natives, respectively, of Delaware and Virginia. After his marriage, Mr. Fleming continued to reside on the old homestead, when lie purchased a part of his Grandfather Moore's old homestead, which belonged at the time to his uncle, and there engaged in farming and stock-raising on an extensive scale. The original log cabin was replaced with a small brick residence, and that was vacated in 1869, when the family were domiciled in the present commodious brick structure. The estate of one hundred and fifty-six acres is in good cultivation, and is still managed by its owner, who, however, no longer engages in the tilling of the soil. At an early day, he bought and sold cattle, owning some of the best grades ever brought into the county, and was accustomed to drive them to Philadelphia, where the}" were sold.

Five children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Fleming, namely: Sarah, wife of James H. Anderson, a pioneer of Wayne Township; John S., who is married, and lives near the old homestead; Mary, who married John Neff, and resides in Jackson Townsliip; AVilliam, whose home is in San Francisco; and Samuel, who died when eighteen j-ears old. For sixty years, some of it in sunshine and some in shadow, Mr. Pleming and his estimable wife have lived in happy wedded life, and now side by side are passing through that dim and twilight path, beyond whose lengthening shadows gleams the In'ightness of eternity.

For a half-century or more, Mr. Fleming has been connected with the public affairs of Wayne Township, and now has in his possession the book kept by the first Treasurer of the township. A stanch Democrat, he cast his first vote for Gen. Jackson, and has served in positions of honor and trust. During war times, he was County Commissioner, serving six years. When he shall have served his present term, he will complete his fiftieth year as Treasurer of Wayne Township. He has served as Justice of the Peace for thirty-three 3ears, and during his administration, has performed many mairiage ceremonies, tried a great many suits, and transacted a large amount of Jiusiness. In all cases brought before him, he endeavors to effect an amicable settlement, rather than encourasre a suit.

ERCIVAL S. COLLINS. It is not "luck" that makes one fail and another succeed. It is not "fickle fortune" that brings clouds of adversity and difficulty upon one, while another has smooth and easy sailing; but it is careful, conscientious, thoughtful purpose, business tact, and command of resources that enable one to advance where another can make but little headwa}-. Mr. Collins is endowed with these fortunate qualifications, besides possessing more than ordinary public spirit and enterprise, and enjo3"S to an eminent degree the confidence of social and commercial circles.

The citizens of Washington C. H. are well acquainted with Mr. Collins, whose drug store has been located on the corner of Fa_\ette and Court Streets since 1847, with the exception of one year. He is one of the pioneer druggists of the citj' and, with two exceptions, liis drug store is the oldest in the place. Throughout the long period in whicli he has been thus engaged, he lias maintained the esteem of his fellow-citizens, who have always found him reliable in his dealings and courteous in manner. In addition to the drug business, he devotes considerable attention to veterinary' surger}', in which he has been successful.

Born in Cabell Countv, W. Va., November 28, 1829, our subject is the son of Patrick and Hannah (Griffith) Collins, natives of Christiansburgh, Va. He was about eight years old when he accompanied his parents to Jamestown, Ohio, where his father resided on a farm until his death, when about ninety-one years old. Our subject was reared on the old homestead, and in his youth learned the trade of a tailor, although he never followed it. For two years, he read materia niPfJica, after which he studied veterinary medicine. He began to practice with Dr. Winans, of Jamestown, but soon after, in 1847, removed to Washington C. H., where he has since carried on his profession and also engaged in the drug business.

Ever maintaining a close interest in the public affairs of the community, Mr. C!ollins has served as Deputy Sheriff for two years, was City Marshal for four years and a member of the Cit}' Council for seven and one-half years. He is probably as well known as any citizen of Washington C. H., and is one of the most successful auctioneers in the vState, having made some of the largest horse sales ever made in Ohio, Indiana and adjoining States. At a commission of one per cent, he has made as much as $156 in one day. ' Mr. Collins erected a commodious residence on East Market Street, where he has resided for many years. Within this pleasant home he and his wife are wont to entertain their friends with a charming hospitality which endears them to their guests. Mrs. Collins was, formerly, Miss Eliza P. Grubbs, and became the wife of our subject, Februarj^ 10, 1850. She is a cultured lady and is highly esteemed in the social circles of Washington C. H. Socially, Mr. Collins is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows as one of its most prominent members.

TEPHEN WATSON, President of the Madison National Bank of London, and Vicepresident of the London Exchange Bank, and one of the largest land-holders of the county, has long been prominent in the business world of this section of the State as a financier and capitalist of exceptional ability, whose liberal and progressive spirit has been potent in advancing the material welfare of cit}^ and county, and his influence being felt in all that pertains to the higher interests of the community-.

A native of Madison Count}', Mr. Watson was born in Paint Township, June 4, 1827. His parents were David and Mary (Helpshenstine) Watson, who were natives respectively of Mar3'land and Virginia. They were married in this count}' in 1807, and their wedding was an occasion of merry-making among the pioneers, who were, however, few in number, only twelve persons being present, although invitations had been sent throughout the county, but there were only a few inhabitants in all this region at that earl>' dav. Mr. and Mrs. Watson had to begin their married life as pioneers, sacrificing many comforts, braving many hardships and even dangers to upbuild a home, but working together with a hearty goodwill to accomplish their purpose, and their labors were crowned with a rich reward. Mr. AYatson obtained land in that part of Union Township since known as Paint Township, and in time he became one of its most important farmers and most extensive stock dealers, and was well known all over this part of the county. He and his good wife had a family of twelve children, of whom only two are now living.

Our subject was reared on the home farm, and received his education in a log schoolhouse that stood Ihereon. When he was twent3'-two years old, he and his brother Samuel purchased two hundred and fifty-eight acres of land, which they sold three years later, receiving a fine margin on the cost price. With liis share of the money made by the sale, Mr. Watson bought one hundred and forty-five acres of land, and has often since invested in realt}', until he has become one of the large land-owners of Madison County. He was engaged in farming and stock-raising until 1870. In 1868, he purchased a fine residence in London, and with Charles R. Cover entered into the business of broker, November 9, 1869. July 1, 1870, a stock compan}' was formed, which bought the Madison County Bank, and Mr. AVatson was appointed Vice-president, the name of the bank being changed to Exchange Bank. In June, 1880, he was further honored by being elected President of the IMadison National Bank.

In the management of the above responsible offices, Mr. Watson brings to bear a wide experience in business affairs, a keen insight into money matters, and personal integrity that is beyond question, all of which have contributed to raise the standard of the banks with which he is connected to the first rank among the monetary institutions of the State. In their management, our subject and his fellow-oHicers pursue a wise, liberal and safe policy that has increased the businesss of the banks, and while greatly benefiting the stockholders, gives them tlie reputation of being perfectly sound and stable. It is to such men as Mr. Watson and his associates in business circles that Madison County owes its steady rise and higlily prosperous condition. His name is also associated with many good works that have contrilmted to its moi'al and religious advancement, and in him the Methodist Episcopal Churcli finds an exemplary member.

Mr. Watson was married in 1852 to Miss Palmira, daughter of John Dungan, who is a woman of rare character, and in iter devotion to her husband's interests has helped him to make life a success.

y^ILSON ASBURY KOONTZ, a prominent and infiuential citizen of Madison Count}', now living a retired life in Midway, was born on the 13th of November, 1821, in Rockingham County, Va., and is one of two children born unto Philip and Mary (Crumley) Koontz. His father was a native of Virginia and the grandfather, Peter Koontz, w\as of Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry. The former was a prominent man. He served as Judge, Surveyor, and Justice of the Peace and represented his district in the Legislature. He was twice married, and by the second union two children were born. AVith the exception of our subject and his cousin John, of Washington C. H., all have changed the spelling of their names to Counts.

Wilson lost his father when he was only four years old. He continued to reside in Virginia until eighteen years of age, when he emigrated to Gallia County, Ohio. The next year, he came to Madison County and engaged in teaching the district school near Danville. For ten years, he followed that profession with good success. He married, April 5, 1848, Miss Louisa C. Counts, who was born in Range Townshii), May 28, 1822, and is a daughter of Daniel and Elizabeth (AValker) Counts. Her father, D. Counts, came from Rockingliam County, Va., and her mother was of English birth. Mr. Koontz continued to engage in teaching for a few years after his marriage and then l)egan clerking in a store in Danville, where he was employed for two and a half years. Attlie expiration of tliat time, lie inherited some property ,which he added to that he had earned, and began to loan money and change notes. In 18.53, he came to Midway and soon bought the farm on which he now resides, turning his attention to agricultural pursuits. In 1866, his present residence was erected. ItVas built of brick burned on his place in the first kiln erected in the vicinity of Midway.

I'nto Mr. and IMrs. Koontz were liorn two children. The elder, Philip D., was born in Danville, Af)]'il 21, 1849. He acquired his education in the Ohio Wesleyau University of Delaware and in Yellow Springs, and began teaching at tlie age of twenty-three. He afterward went as a teaclier to Texas, where he married Emmen ]\Iarrs, December 24, 1872. Two children graced their union: Osa W., born in Midway, January 30, 1874, and Enola Glenn, born in Midwaj', May 2, 1875. Their mother died October 18, 1876, and Philip Koontz was again married. May 2, 1881, his second union being with Miss Fannie L. Orebaugh, of Washington C. H., a native of Greenfield, Ohio. They have three children, all born in Texas: Texie Belle, born in Williamson County, March 23, 1882; Carla Serena, born February 14, 1884, and Ernest Samuel, born January 16, 1886. Philip Koontz is a stock-dealer and farmer, having eighteen hundred acres of land which was given him by his father. He is a prominent citizen of this community and favorably known. Alice Virginia, the only daughter of our subject, was born in Danville, September 8, 1851, acquired a good education in the Female Seminary of Ilillsboroand engaged in teaching one term. She is now the wife of John M. Stroupe, a merchant of Midway; they have one son, Ogan K., born February 5, 1882.

served as Township Clerk for a number of years, was Justice of the Peace for nine consecutive years, and of the cases which he tried none of his decisions were ever reversed. Mr. Koontz is now living retired, resting in the enjoyment of the fruits of his toil. His life has been very successful, and as the result of his industry he has acquired a handsome property.

E. HAINES. The subject of this sketch is the senior member of the iirm of Haines & Pinkerton, who do an immense business in retailing stai)le and fancy groceries at Washington C. H. He is the son of Samuel Haines, who was horn in Perry Township, Payette County, in 1823. His paternal grandfather, Ebenezer Haines, came from the Willamette Valley, Va., to the above-named township, locating here when the land was mostly in its primitive condition, making this locality his home until his death, when sixty-five jears of age.

The father of our subject was the j'oungest of the paternal family, and was reared to man's estate amid the pioneer scenes of l^erry Township, attending the log schoolhouse and aiding his father in the duties upon the farm. The maiden name of our subject's mother was Maria Smith, the daughter of Frank and Charlotte Smith, early settlers in this county. By her union with Mr. Haines were born nine children, all of whom grew to mature years and of whom eight are living. The^^ are Albert, who is a farmer in Perry Township, Fayette Count}^; Ella, Avho is engaged in teaching school in this county; Lewis, who isa w^ell-known apiarist of this section; Frank, who cultivates a farm in Perry Township; our subject, who is the next in order of birth; William, who is deceased; Belle, Mrs. Henry Todhunter; Charles, also a farmer in the above-named township, and I^va. Mr. Haines votes the Repulilican ticket and is very prominent in liis locality. Both the parents are still living.

James E. Haines of this sketch was born June 20, 1860, in Perry Township, Fayette County. He was educated in the public schools of his native place, and when choosing an occupation in life began farming. He was married August 10, 1882, to Nannie Worthington, the daughter of E. T. Worthington, who was a prominent farmer of Green Township, Fayette County. Mr. Haines abandoned farming and embarked in business in September, 1888, at Moons, this State, doing a general mercantile business. He also held the position of Postmaster there for about a twelvemonth, when he resigned, preferring to devote his time and attention to his private interests.

February 15, 1891, he of whom we write purchased a grocery of H. M. Roach, of Washington C. IL, and, removing hither, formed a partnership with Mr. Pinkerton. By their courteous and gentlemanly treatment of customers, they have succeeded in building up a lucrative trade and now rank among the leading grocers in the city. They carry a full line of staple and fancy goods, keeping on liand a fine assortment of goods suited either for the country or city household.

In his political relations, Mr. Haines votes the Republican ticket. He is identified with Lodge No. 165, K. P., and is a member in good standing of the Methodist Episcopal Ciiurch at Moons.

"if OHN MILTON HAISLEY. This gentleman, who is engaged in the business of ^_. , hotel-keeping in New Holland, Perry Town- ^^^' ship, Pickaway Count}', is a native of Wa3'ne County, Ind., where he was born April 7, 1842. His parents bore the names of Ezekiel and Mary (Mendenhall) Haisley, the father a native of North Carolina and the mother a native of Virginia. Mr. Haisle}', Sr., moved to Indiana about the beginning of the present century, and there spent the remainder of his days on a farm. He was of German descent.

Our subject's parents both died when he was but a small lad, leaving a family of nine children, of whom John Milton was next to the youngest. Three of his elder brothers were married and lie went to live with one of them. He remained with this brother until reaching his twenty-second year, when he commenced for himself in trading and speculating in Richland and Cincinnati, Ohio. He traveled for a numljer of years, and in the year 1882 engaged in the manufacture of drain tile. In this business, Mr. Ilaisley continued for six consecutive years, when he sold out and engaged in the meat l)usiness at New Holland, giving this up in 1891. In the last year mentioned, the original of this biography engaged in the hotel business, in which he has been ver}^ successful and lias made himself respected and well-liked by all his customers and friends.

The worthy gentleman of whom we Avrite was united in the happy bonds of wedlock in October, 1872, to Miss Lorena Crosby. Mrs. Ilaisley is a daughter of Isaac and Clara Crosby, both natives of Ohio, in which State she herself was born. Our subject votes the Democratic ticket in politics, and socially he is one of the leading members of the Knights of Pythias.

AMUEL WARD. No man with any pretensions to wisdom fails to insure his property against loss by fire. A name which renders the business of insuring one of the most popular in Circle vi lie is that of Samuel Ward, who has been associated with the business for some time. He is noted for his straightforward methods of conducting his affairs and is doing a heavy business in the city and surrounding country. The number of fire insurance companies doing business in Ohio is a large one, but the solidity of an insurance company and its promptness in paying claims are most important points. In this respect, the companies represented by Mr. Ward are entitled to due prominence and recognition, from the high character and reputation they enjoy. He represents twelve companies, viz: Phoenix, of Brooklyn ; Eire Association, of Philadelphia; Milwaukee Mechanics', Ohio Earmers', and many others.

his father, Richard Ward, was also born there, as was also the grandfather, William Ward. The latter was a tradesman and died in his native country. Richard AVard was a hoop-iron roller in the early part of his life and later was Superintendent of coal mines. He first came to this country in 1822, and afterward he returned, but came again in 1847 with his wife and children, settling in Connecticut, near New Britain, Hartford County, and was engaged in farming until his death, four years later. In politics, he was a Free-soil Whig, and in religion was a Regular Baptist. His wife, whose maiden name was Sarah t^lwell, was a native of England. She was first married to a Mr. Brooks, hy whom she had one child, who is still living. Her subsequent marriage to Mr. Ward resulted in the birth of six children, only four now living, two in P^ngland and two in this country. After the death of Mr. Ward, his widow continued to reside in Connecticut for some time and then returned to her native country, where she passed her last days.

Samuel Ward, the original of this notice, was the youngest of the above-mentioned children, and he remained in his native country until ten years of age. In December, 1847, he left Liverpool, England, on the sailing-vessel "Andrew Eoster," and after a nine-weeks' vo3'age landed with his parents in New York. Erom there, he subsequently moved with them to Connecticut and worked on a farm until sixteen years of age, in the meantime acquiring a very limited education in the common schools, for he was obliged to spend most of his time in youth in labor on the farm. In 1853 or 1854, he went to Harrisburgh, Pa., and clerked for some time for the State Mutual Insurance Compan}^, in which his brother was Secretary. In 1855, he came to Ohio, staying in Pickaway and Eairfield Counties about one year. He then went to Champaign County, 111., where, with his brother John, he bought three hundred and twenty acres of land, and on this raw land they commenced making improvements. There our subject remained until the breaking out of hostilities between the North and South. Eor the first few years on the farm, crops were very poor and they were obliged to pay eighty cents ])er bushel for corn to feed their stock In 1881, they raised the fast good crop, but the freight in sliipping it was so great that they realized but little from it. During that winter, Mr. AVard burned corn for fuel as he had to haul wood fourteen miles.

In December, 1861, our subject enlisted in the Tenth Illinois Volunteers, and was mustered in at Camp Butler. He was appointed Commissary Sergeant of the Second Battalion and was sent to Quincy, 111. He remained there one month and then went to Benton Barracks and then to renew tlie forces of Curtis at Pea Ridge. From there, he went to Missouri, but was injured in the left leg by a kick from a horse and went home on a furlough. He later took part in the battle of Pine Bluff and afterward was at Fayetteville until the spring of 1863. General Order No. 126 from the War Department changed the organization from Battalion to Regimental and mustered out the supernumerary offlccrs, botli commissioned and non-commissioned. Our subject was mustered out in April, 1863, and returned to Champaign County, 111., staying Ijut a short time. The same year, he went to Chillicothe, Ohio, and was foreman for Emmett Bros, until the summer of 1864, when he came to Circleville and clerked for Emmett Bros, in the grain house for five months. While in Chillicothe, he learned telegraphy on the private line owned by Emmett Bros, and in the fall of 1864 he was employed by the Western Union Telegrapli Company at AVashington C. II. office. In the spring of 1865, he was appointed to the Lancaster city office, but, being offered better pay in Circleville, Ohio, he went there in the fall of that year, and was manager of the same for nineteen years. In 1884, he quit this business and opened an insurance office in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows' building.

Mr. Ward organized the I^dison Electric Light Compaii}' and was its Secretary for three years. He was married in Champaign County, 111., on the 3d of Jauuaiy, 1860, to Miss Ellen Post, a native of Dane County, AVis., and they are the parents of six children, four living: Abbie, Mrs. F. A. Barr; Nellie, Mrs. T. A. Boyle; Lillie, Mrs. II. M. Rife. Samuel died at the age of three years; Charles died at the age of twent3^-two months, and Ruby is at home. INIr. AVard is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and Groce Post No. 156, G. A. R. He is a member of the Baptist Church, and is Trustee in the same. He has been Superintendent of the Sunda3'-school until recently. In politics, he is a true-blue Republican.

ETER HALL, a wealthy and representative citizen of Madison Township, Pickaway Count^^, is a native of this county, as he was born in AA^alnut Township, January 24, 1832. His respected parents were David and Elizabeth Hall, both of whom were natives of the Keystone State.

David Hall when a young man emigrated with his father, John H. Hall, from his father's home to Pickaway County, Ohio, settling in INIadison Township, becoming early pioneers of the county. Tlie}'^ made their home in the dense woods and encountered the ordinaiy difficulties of frontier life. David Hall became the father of seven children, of whom the following survive: John H., who makes his home in Kansas; Peter; Salina, now the wife of Henry Runkle; and Lydia, who married Levi Runkle. The father lived to reach the good old age of seventy-five years.

Peter Hall was reared to man's estate in Pickaway County and has seen and marked the development of this section of country, and has done his full share in clianging it from a wilderness to a rich and cultivated community. His early recollections go back to a time when little was to be seen except dense forests and rough attempts at civilization. His first schooling was received in a log cabin, furnished with slab seats, and where the writing-desks were merely boards resting upon wooden pegs which projected from the wall. His opportunities were so scant that he has found it necessary to supplement them largely by subsequent reading, but the drill which he received was so thorough as to stimulate his ambition and he has ever sought for self-improvement.

8olt, by whom he has twelve children, eight of whom are living: IMary A., wife of Jackson Stein; Barbara J., now Mrs. Snider; David, William, Emma, Ella, John, and Ora B. The fine i)roi)erty which is owned and carried on by our subject is a large tract of land and all of it is in fine condition. He and his wife have together wrought out tlieir own fortune, for this property is largely the result of their industry and economy.

Mr. Hall is a Democrat in his political views, although he is in no sense prominent in party matters. Religiously, he is attaclied to the doctrines and policy of the Lutheran Church, of which he is a member. His interest in educational matters and general intelligence fit him abundantly for the position of School Director in which he has served. His efforts are always given cheerfully toward promoting the best welfare of the county and towards the elevation of the community.

greater credit than the subject of our sketch, who is in possession of a comfortable amount of this world's goods, obtained by hard labor and good management. At the beginning, when starting out in life for himself, he made it a rule to live within his income, and this resolve, closel}" followed, has given him an independence, than which there is no more pleasant thing in the world. He is at present residing on his farm in Jasper Township, Fayette County.

Our subject is the son of George and Catherine (Feagins) Cline, the father born in 1809, in Pennsylvania, and the mother in this county, in 1813. The elder Mr. Cline was the son of Philip and Mary Jane (Turner) Cline, natives of the Old Dominion, who came to Ohio in 1813, and made settlement on a raw tract of land in Clinton County. Mrs. Cline was the daughter of Edward and Elizabeth (Bush) Feagins, natives, respectively, of Kentucky and Virginia. Her parents were married in this count^^ over eighty years ago, at which time they located on Rattlesnake Creek, Concord Township, where Mr. Feagins cleared up a farm, lie was a soldier in tiie War of 1812, and, with his good wife, was highly esteemed in the county. Tliey were the i)arents of eight children, four of whom are living.

]Mr. and Mrs. George Cline, on making this county their permanent home, located ui)on a tract of unimproved land, where the mother is still a resident, being the oldest settler now living in this section. She is hale and hearty, and has under cultivation three hundred and forty-five acres of valuable land. The father of our subject was School Director and Road Supervisor, during the incumbency of which latter ofHce he rendered great service to the traveling public. He was a Democrat in politics, casting his first vote for Andrew Jackson, and his last for Grover Cleveland. Four of their children are still living. Edward makes his home in Clinton County. During the late war he was Orderly Sergeant of Company F, One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Ohio Infantry, and has been one of the Commissioners of Clinton County for six years. William S. Cline resides in Jasper Township; Mary K. is the wife of Simon Jamison, has three children, and resides in Livingston Count}^, 111.; and Andrew J., of this sketch, was the youngest in order of birth. Mr. Cline died January 28, 1888.

He of whom we write was born July 4, 1841, in this township, growing to manhood on the old homestead. He was permitted to attend the common schools but a few months during the winter season, but at such times acquired sufficient knowledge to give him an impetus to gain more. He remained under the parental roof until reaching his majority, when he started out empty-handed to earn a name and fortune for himself.

In 1864, Elizabeth II. Nelson became the wife of our subject. She was the daughter of Samuel Nelson, of Ross Count}'. Her parents dying when she was very young, she was then taken into the home and heart of her aunt, Hannah Shelton. Mrs. Cline was born July 3, 1843, in Ross County. Twelve j^ears ago Mr. Cline located upon his present farm, which contains ninety acres. His estate is improved with substantial buildings, the most attractive among which is his comfortable residence, which was erected three years ago. His large barn was built in the fall of 1891, and affords ample room for the storage of grain and shelter of stock.