Pickaway Township (part 28 of 49)

Our subject passed his younger days on a farm, and in his boyhood went to school, a mile and a half distant, to a log schoolhouse, that was rudely constructed and furnished, and had greased paper instead of glass for windows. He remained at home with his parents until he was twent3'-five years of age, affording his father material assistance in his farm labors, and at tlie age of twenty taking the farm to work on shares. At the end of five years, he purchased a farm in Franklin County, which was all timber, and he devoted his energies to its development, i)uilding a log house, covered with clapboards, for shelter, and in five years time he had his land cleared and fairly well cultivated. But his incessant toil told on his health, which failed, and so he rented his farm, and, going to Harrisburgh, was engaged in the mercantile business there eight and one-half years. Selling out his property at that point, he returned to Madison County and invested in a farm in Paint Township, where he lived eight years. Coming tlien to London, he resumed business as a grocer and provision dealer, but at the expiration of two years he was again obliged to abandon work on account of ill-health, and he spent the ensuing four years in retirement. After that he again went into business, and for ten years was engaged in the sale of gi'oceries and queensware, in connection with a bakery. Ten years later his health failed him once more, and he sold out, and for some four years interested himself in dealing in stock, but since then he has lived retired, buying a home in a pleasant residence quarter of London. Notwithstanding the fact that he has had much to contend with in the way of ph3'sical disability, he has accumulated a valuable property, including some five hundred acres of land in the county, and is one of our solid monied men. He has held varir us township offices, and has alwa3'S encouraged public improvements. During the war, he took a deep interest in its course, and with true patriotism offered his services to help fight his country's battles, enlisting for a term of one hundred daysj but he was dismissed on account of his age. Politically, he is a Republican, who has stood by his party when disaster overtook it as well as when vi(;tory perched on its banners. In his religious relations, he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which his amiable Avife also belongs, and he has been Steward and Trustee of the church. Socially, he is connected with the Knights of Pythias.

Mr. Sifrit and his wife have passed a true wedded life of more than half a centur3''s duration, having been united in marriage March 29, 1838. Mrs. Sifrit, whose maiden name was Emily

Hall, is a daughter of William and Rachel (Emery) Hall, who were natives of Virginia, but were married in Chillicotlie in 1802. They first settled among the pioneers of Ross County, and remained there until 1809, when the}' came to Madison County, and settled in Ring Township, where the father engaged in his business as a farmer and a stock merchant, living there many years. In 1845, he went in liis old age to Iowa, but subsequently returned eastward as far as New Boston, 111., where he died. Of his nine children, but one is living besides Mrs. Sifrit, Felicity, widow of William Johnston, who was a farmer, native of this county, and died in 1888, leaving these six children: Albert A., Isaac M., Arthur T., Myron B., Willis B. and Clarence E.

Our subject and his wife have five children: Alpheus C, who married Marion Jones; Hannah, who is the wife of William II. Tyler; William A., who married Miss Clara Cappel lor his first wife, who died in 1883, leaving five children: Edward E., Franklin, William II., Alpheus C. and Bessie, and for his second wife married Miss Alice Stingle}'; Rachel M., who married Ezra Beathard, and has four children: Mary E., Jacob S., Lawrence W. and Howard H.; and Mary E., who married Walter Grafton, and has two children: Jacob L. and Wellington. Mrs. Tyler has four children: Minnie G., Daniel O., AYilliam II. and Mary E. Minnie G. married a Mr. .Shouh, and has three children: Homer, AVilliam T. and Herbert.

HARRISON ANDREW. We are pleased to present among the prominent residents of Plain City the gentleman whose name appears at the head of this paragraph, a prosperous grain-dealer, who has charge of an elevator in this city. He was born in Washington County, Pa., on the 8th of April, 1837. His father, Cj'rus Andrew, was born in 1802, eight miles south of the county seat, in Washington County, Pa., where he carried on the occupation of a farmer and resided through life, dying at the age of sixty-six years. In his political views, he was a Democrat, and as a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, he took an active part in religious work and was highly esteemed for both character and intelligence. His father, Charles Andrew, was, it is supposed, of New York birth, and he took an active part in the Revolutionary War.

The mother of our subject, who bore the maiden name of Sarah Dille, was a native of Pennsylvania, her father, Stephen Dille, being also a native of the Keystone State. She was born in 1806, in Washington County, and died near her native place at the age of eighty-three. She was united in mari'iage to the father of our subject in Penns3'lvania in 1836, and there they made their home througli life. They were the parents of six children, four sons and two daughters, all of whom grew t0 3'ears of maturity. The eldest son, Stephen D., died in Madison County, Ohio, at the age of fifty -six; Colin R., who is a farmer, resides in Washington County, Pa.; Rachel, who is the wife of A. J. Dickerson, lives in Plain City. Our subject is the next in order of age, and following him is Lucetta L., who resides in Washington County, Pa., while Holmes is married and resides on the old homestead in Pennsylvania.

The youth of Mr. Andrew was passed in his native place and he remained with liis father, assisting him upon the farm until 1860, when he came to Ohio and located in Canaan Township, Madison County. There he was married in 1862 to Miss Mary J., daughter of Elihu and Polly Knapp. Mr. Knapp lived to be nearly ninety years old, lacking only nineteen days of that period at the time of his decease. Mrs. Andrew was born in Canaan Township, December 22, 1837.

Immediately after marriage, this young couple located on a farm which remained the famil}- home for fourteen years, and there the wife died Jul}' 4, 1876. Mr. Andrew then removed to Plain City and engaged in the grain business, handling also - salt, wood and coal, and carrying on a general warehouse business, as well as becoming proprietor of the elevator. The first marriage of Mr. Andrew was blessed by the birth of three children, two of whom died in infancy and (me, the daughter Lillie, is now residing in Washington County, Pa.

Mr. Andrew has been prosperous in liis business and has accumulated real estate in the cit}', which he rents. Upon the 6th of October, 1880, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Ann, daughter of A. II. and Irene Sherwood. Mr. Andrew is a prominent member of the Universalist Churcli, of which he is an honored Trustee. His political views bring him into union with tlie Democratic party, but he devotes only scant time and attention to public matters, as he is largely devoted to his business interests. He is an active member of the Junior Order of American ]Mechanics, and has an excellent standing in the communit}^

^flACOB HEDGIX The results of industry and unflagging perseverance are shown in the life of the above-named gentleman, who owns and occupies one of the most beautiful homes in Walnut Township, Pickaway County. He is one of the honored pioneers of this county, and is thus held in high esteem and respect by all his wide circle of friends and acquaintances.

Mr. Hedges was born in Fairfield Count}', this State, June 29, 1828, and is the son of Absalom and Margaret (Heren) Hedges, natives of Pennsylvania. The father of our subject was a soldier in the War of 1812, and his grandfather was a patriot in the Revolutionary^ War. Absalom Hedges emigrated to Fairfield County in an early day, when this now wealth _y and ])rosperous State was in its primitive condition and infested with Indians. In 1840, he removed to Ross County, where he passed his last da3's, dying in 1850. The elder Mr. Hedges was twice married, and the brothers and sisters of our subject who survive are Catherine, Mrs. Sturgeon, residing in Logan County, 111.; Thomas, who makes his home in Nebraska; and Caroline, also Mrs. Sturgeon.

The gentleman whose name heads this sketch was reared to man's estate amid the pioneer scenes of this section, assisting his father in developing the land, and attending the district school during the winter months. The temple of learning bore little resemblance to the commodious and convenient structures in which the youth of to-day are educated, for it was built of logs and, instead of being heated by steam, had built in one end a large fireplace, six feet wide. The seats were made of slabs with pin legs, and boards placed around the room and supported in a similar manner served as writing desks for the scholars. The school was carried on under the subscription plan, the teacher boarding around.

July 14, 1853, Miss Sarah E. Brink became the wife of our subject. She was born March 7, 1835, in Ross County, Ohio, and was the daughter of Thomas R. and Margaret (Smock) Brink. The father, who is now deceased, was a native of the Keystone State, and came with his pai-ents to Ross County in 1800, being at that time only four 3'ears of age. Mrs. Brink was a native of this State, her father being a soldier in the War of 1812. Of the eight children born to the parents of Mrs. Hedges we make mention of the following who survive: Mrs. Hedges. Mary, INIrs. David Layton, residing in Illinois, and Albert, who makes his home in Circleville.

To our subject and his Estimable wife have been born a large family of eleven children, eight of whom are living at the present time. Jacob W.; Alice, Mrs. Otis Lutz; Lizzie, Mrs. W. E. Mnrkel; Thomas P>., Ettie, Sciota, Josiah and Edgar. After his marriage, jNIr. Hedges made his home for several years in Ross County, when he removed to Wayne Township, Pickaway Count}-, locating on his present farm in 1881. His estate comprises three hundred and thirty-five acres, which his industry and good management have placed under excellent cultivation. Mr. Hedges has been more than ordinarily successful in his life calling, and novv ranks among the prosperous and well-to-do agriculturists of the county. He is self-made in all that that word implies, as he has made his own way in the world.

In his political affiliations, our subject votes the Republican ticket. In early life, he was a strong Abolitionist, and while residing in the southwestern portion of Ross County, which was on the line of the underground railroad during the war, assisted many slaves in effecting their escape.

While not a member of any religious body, Mr. Hedges contributes liberally to the supi)ort of various denominations, and is active in all good works. He and his wife are now enjoying the fruits of a life well spent, and tlieir friends are as numerous as their acquaintances. Socially, our subject is a member of the Masonic fraternity, being identified with Pickaway Lodge No. 23, at Cireleville.

"jfOHN McCartney, .justice of the Peace of London, is an old resident of Madison County, and though his life is ai)proaching the eightieth milestone of the long joiu-ne}^, he is still activel}- identified with its interests, and administers the duties of his office with a vigor and despatch that would do credit to his juniors in the legal profession. He was boi n in one of the pi(meer homes of Ross County, near Chillieothe, .July 7, 1813. His father, who bore the same name as himself, was a well-to-do farmer of that region, owning thi'ee hundred acres of land, on which he carried on general farming for many }'ears, until death closed his life. He was a native of Ohio, and was married in this State to Margaret AVells, who was born in Kentuck}'. Of their twelve cliildren, four are living besides our subject, namely: Francis, pjlizabeth, Harriet and Jesse.

He of whom this biographical sketch is principally written spent his younger days on his father's farm and in attendance at the district school. He remained at home with his parents until he was eighteen years old, and lie was then engaged by .John Bush to work on his farm when required, but chiefly to handle stock, for which purjjose he sent him to Pennsylvania, where he remained some time. His next employment was with John Eckerman, of Greenfield, who sent him traveling throughout the State to sell common mantel clocks. That was his business for two 3'ears, and after that he worked on farms for different farmers until his marriage. He then rented land for some years and devoted himself to agricultural pursuits. C)n receiving his appointment to the office of Deputy Sheriff of Madison County, he abandoned farming and took up his residence in London, where he has since lived. He was Dei)uty Sheriff eight years, such a long term of office denoting faithful and efficient service, and during that time he was elected to his present position as Justice of the Peace. While he is one of the stanchest of Democrats, although the village and township are strongly Republican, he has held this office continuously since. There has never been a more popular justice here, or one with a better record. He has never had but one of his decisions reversed by a higher court, and in the many cases tried before liim has shown a clear and comprehensive knowledge of the law as applical)le to each one. His whole course in whatever position he has been shows him to be fair-minded, scrupulously honest and a Christian gentleman, whom his friends and associates of many years' standing hold in higli regard.

Mr. McCartney was greatly blessed in his wife, Elda Stingley, a native of Greene County, and a daughter of Jacob and INIary (Bush) Stingley, and her death was a sad blow to him. Sjie left four children to mourn with him her loss, three sons and one daughter, namely: Austin E., who married Miss Roberts, and has three children: Edna, Mary and Beulali; Mrs. Mary Oglesby; Jacob H., who married Miss Bedenbacli, and has one child. Myrtle M.; and William A., who married Miss Eubank, and has two daughters: Ethel and Ida.

^=^^EORGE SEALL is one of the clever, genial III ( - n and open-hearted men of this section, and ^^^iilj is a descendant of one of the ver}- earliest families of Pickaway County, Ohio. He is a native-born resident of this count\% born in Pumpkin Run, Picknway Township, October 31, 1833, and is a son of George Samuel Seall, who Avas born at Red Bank, Ohio, in 1799, about forty-five miles above Cincinnati. The grandfather, Samuel Seall, was born at Wa^-nesburg, Pa., and was there married. He served in the Revolutionary War for about seven years, and afterwards re- moved to Kentucky, where he followed his trade of blacksmith, gunsmith, etc. From there he removed to Red Bank, Ohio, following his trade there until 1799, wlien he came to Pickaway Township, Pickaway County, Ohio, and settled on Pumpkin Run. In 1805, he entered land in Walnut Township, and in connection with his trade lie carried on agricultural pursuits. There liis deatli occurred, in 1812. Two of his sons served in tlie War of 1812, and one was first made Captain and tlien Major.

The father of our subject, Samuel Seall, was early taught the trade of blacksmith, and followed this for about thirty years, after which he engaged in farming on the farm near Pumpkin Run. In April, 18 15, he located in Washington Townsliip, Pickaway County, on a farm of three liundred and twent3^ acres, and there died in 1870. He was a man well respected in the community, and was among the representative citizens, having served as Justice of the Peace in Washington and Pickaway Townships for many years. He married Miss Mary Gangar, a native of Berks County, Pa., and the daugliter of Nicholas Gangar, also of the Keystone State. Nicholas Gangar came to Ohio about 1806, with a team and wagon, and located in Pickaway Township, Pickaway Count}', where he engaged in farming. He married Miss Christina Ludwig, a half-sister of Jacob Ludwig (see sketch of Daniel Ludwig). Mr. Gangar died in Pickaway County, Ohio, but his wife passed away in Indiana. Mrs. Seall, the mother of our subject, died in 1868. She was a member of the Lutheran Church. Of the three cliildren born to Mr. and Mrs. Seall, two readied mature years, and one, John, died in this county in 1885.

The original of this notice remained on the farm in Pickaway Township, tliis county, until eleven 3'ears of age, and then went on a farm in AVashington Township. He received a fair education in the district schools, first in Pickaway Township, where he received instruction in the log schoolhouse with slab seats, etc. He worked witli his father on the farm until 18G2, when he went to West Coyington, Ind., and was engaged with a man who was buying horses for tlie army. Three years later, he returned to the farm, and in 1870 he and a brother took charge of the farm until 1874, when our subject was married. In 1876, his brother was elected County Treasurer, held this position in an able and efficient manner for two terms, and then returned to the farm, which he carried on until his death.

Our subject continued to till the soil until the spring of 1882, when he located here and engaged in tlie retail boot and slioe business, under the firm title of Seall ife Judy. In 1886, he sold out to his partner, and is now retired from the active duties of life. He owns a comfortable home on Pickaway Street, near Union Street, and owns a farm of one hundred and sixty acres on section 28, Washington Township, this county, this being well improved with fine buildings, etc. He rents this farm. Mr. Seall was married on the 21st of January, 1874, to Miss Mary Pontius, a native of Pickaway County, and the daughter of Amos (see sketch of George H.) Pontius. This union resulted in the birth of two children: Mary C. and Lucy E. Our subject was Clerk of Washington Township for two years, and his brother held the same position for twenty-two years. (Socially, Mr. Seall is a member of the Knights of Honor. In politics, he has always advocated the principles of the Democratic party. Mrs. Seall is a member of the United Brethren Church, and a refined and cultured lady.

N. CLARK, M. D., a ph^'sician of marked talent and abilit}', has been brought into close and kindly relations with residents in and about Madison Mills, Fayette Count}', in which place he resides. His warm heart and generous sympathies add to the good feeling inspired by his professional culture and practical skill, and he has a large following and many sincere friends. He was born in Mt. Sterling, Madison County, October 6, 1843, and is a son of Alex and Lydia (Adkins) Clark, who are both still living.

He of whom we write lived in Mt. Sterling until sixteen 3'ears of age, where he attended the common schools, and then with his parents came to

Madison Mills, where he attended the temple of learning for three j'ears more. When twenty years of age, he was engaged at work in his father's blacksmith shop. Three j^ears previous to the time above mentioned, however, Mr. Clark enlisted, December 9, 1861, in the Union ranks, as a member of Company C, Sixtieth Ohio Infantry; but not being al)le to stand the hardships imposed upon sohliers, he was honorably discharged Julj- 19, 1862.

The original of this sketch, under the influence of Dr. W. T. Willeman, of Palestine, this State, determined to follow the profession of a physician and began studying medical books at night and working in a shop of his own during the day. He followed this plan for four years, when he felt himself competent to take a course of lectures, and entered the Starling Medical College at Columbus, from which institution he was graduated witli the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the spring of 1872.

Dr. Clark located for the practice of medicine at Harrisl)urgh, where he remained for one year, and then moved to Buena Vista, Fayette County, where he made his home for a like period. At the expiration of that time, he came to Madison Mills, making his headquarters at his father's home until he could look up a suitable location. Finding a good opening in this place, he determined to make it his future home, and before he was well aware of the fact had built up a large and lucrative practice.

Miss Ella A., the daughter of George and Amelia (Bush) Parrett, became the wife of our subject, January 31, 1860. To them have been granted a family of seven children, viz: Mabel, who was born May 19, 1878; Lewis A., February 13, 1880; Lydia, January 16, 1882; Pauline, February 27, 1884; Zelma Lee, May 7, 1886; Ralph S., December 22, 1888, and Minnie Belle, March 13, 1891. Dr. Clark became a Mason in 1877 and has taken the Royal Arch degree, holding membership at Bloomingburgh in the Blue Lodge, and at Washington C. II. in the Royal Arch. He has been very successful in his chosen profession and has been enabled to la}^ by a handsome competency, in addition to aiding his brothers in getting a start in the world. He has only reached the top of the hill of life and has therefore before him, as far as human ej'es can see, many years in which to continue the good work in which he is engaged and make further investigations in the interest of humanit}'.

'jfj OSHITA T. RANKIN. Among the men who are successful in tilling the soil in Madison ^;;=^ I County, Mr. Rankin has a prominent place- ^5^^' His estate comprises fifty-two broad and fertile acres in Union Township, Avliere a full line of substantial farm buildings stand, stock grazes, and skill and enterprise are shown in agricultural work. In connection with farming, Mr. Rankin loans considerable money, iiaving disposed of most of his land. In all his dealings with his fellow-men, he has been honorable, and in his associations with those about him manifests a kindly sj)irit and public enterprise.

James and Margaret (Truitt) Rankin, the parents of our subject, were born in Maryland, the former May 20, 1786, and the latter January 1, 1788. They were married in their native State, February 10, 1808, and in the spring of 1817 left Maryland for Ohio, arriving in Madison Count}- in the fall of that 3'ear. The following spring the parents located on the land which is now the site of the County Infirmary Farm. Mr. Rankin, who combined the trade of a carpenter with the occupation of farmer, was quite successful in life, and died at his home August 21, 1857; his good wife departed this life in South Charleston, this State, December 12, 1871.

Our subject, who was the seventh in order of birth of the parental family of ten children, was born in Union Township, this county, April 29, 1824. He was reared to farm pursuits and has always resided upon the home place, with the exception of ten months which he spent in the West. Mr. Rankin and Miss Sarah Evans were united in marriage in London, this State. The lady, who was a native of Indiana, died at her home in Union Township. Our subject chose for his second wife Miss Olie C. Bell, the date of their marriage being

March 26, 1885. vShe was born in this township, and became the mother of one child, a daugiiter, India, wliose birth occurred Ma}^ 23, 1886.

He of whom we write lias always been actively interested in local affairs, and during elections casts a straight Republican vote. By industry and economy, he has accumulated a competence, and is one of the well-to-do citizens of Union Township and as such deserves a place in this biographical work. In connection with this sketch of his life, his portrait is presented to our readers.

I \ For complete account of his ancestry, the reader is referred to the sketch of his brother, Capt, B. H. He was reared in his native village and received a good common-school education in the schools there, which was supplemented by attendance at the academy at Austinburg. After graduating, he came to Pickawa}^ Count}^ and taught a six-months' term of school two miles from the city. He was a successful teacher, and under his tuition the pupils made rapid and commendable progress. Another term of- attendance at school, and a second term of teaching, were followed b}^ work for the Government in buj'ing horses.

During the war, Mr. Bostwick was in the employ of the Government as Post Sutler, at Chattanooga, Tenn., after which he returned North, and took a course in Plastman's Commercial College at Poughkeei)sie, N. Y. He embarked in business for himself afterward as agent for a life insurance company, representing the Mutual for eighteen months. For about the same length of time he resided on a farm, and then, in the spring of 1869, located in Circleville, and began reading law, while at the same time he was book-keeper for one of the established firms of the city.

After prosecuting his legal studies under Jeremiah Hall tfe Brother, Mr. Bostwick was admitted to practice at the Bar of Ohio, in the spring of

1874, and at once located in Circleville, where he has since followed his profession, his office being in Peck's Block. He is a criminal lawyer of note, and his legal erudition and professional ability are everywhere conceded. He is a member of the Bar Association, and in his political affiliations has always adhered to the i)latform of the Republican party. He has served as delegate to State conventions, and, socially, is identified with the Knights of Pythias.

The marriage of Mr. Bostwick, in 1867, united him with Miss Mary A. Wheeler, who was born in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and is the daughter of a prominent merchant of that city. Mr. and Mrs. Bostwick are the parents of three children, namel}: (Jeorge E., who is at home; Harry W., who is in the clothing business at Newark, Ohio; and Charles A., who is also at Newark. The family residence is a pleasant house on Pickaway Street, and is often visited by the many friends of the family. Mrs. Bostwick is a faithful meml)er of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a lady of great worth and kindliness of heart, enjoying the esteem of all who meet her.

^t^^^ETER TEEGARDIN. AVe are pleased to represent here another member of one of the prominent families of Madison Township, Pickaway County, and a well-known pioneer farmer, who resides on section 28 of the township in which l;e was born, September 28, 1817. His parents were William and Elizabeth (Shook) Teegardin, the father being a native of Westmoreland County, Pa., and the mother a native of Lebigh County, the same State. His greatgrandfather was German b3" birth, the wife of that ancestor having been born in the Green Isle of Erin.

William Teegardin, the father of our subject, migrated to Pickaway- County, this State, in 1811, coming througli with a team, and making his settlement in Madison Township, upon section 23. This part of the countr}^ was then a complete wil- derness, thi'ougli which roamed wolves and deer. He struggled hard with the practical problem of reducing this wild country to civilization, and did his full share of pioneer work. He took part in the War of 1812, but aside from tliat he spent the remainder of his life in Madison Township. He was the father of twelve children, and six of that number are still living: Margaret is now tlie widow of .Tackson Miller, of Allen Count}', this State; Aaron and Daniel reside in Indiana; Catherine married Harrison Darst, but is now a widow, and is making her home in Kansas, while Abraliam and our subject live near the old home in Pickaway County. The father served his township as Justice of the Peace, and in his death this part of the county lost one of its most etticient and highl}- respected pioneers.

Peter Teegardin grew to man's estate in Madison Township, amid scenes of pioneer life, and has done much hard work in clearing the foi'cst and su])duing the land. He received his education in the log cabin schoolhouse of the early days, and gained much practical preparation for the duties of life in that primitive school. That the edifice was rudely constructed, and the furnishings scant and unshapely, did not prevent this boy from acquiring those elements of an education which are needed for attaining a worthy citizenship.

The marriage of our subject took place August 2, 1846, and he was united to Iva A. Cruni, daughter of Thomas and Christina Crum. B}' this union was born a large family of children, and eleven of them are living, namel}-; William H., who resides in Missouri; Hannah, the wife of Samuel Mnrphy, whose home is in Franklin County, Ohio; John F.,who lives in Allen County, Ohio; Thomas H.; George E. and Edwin O., who live in Madison Township, this county; Annie, who is at home; Clara, who married O. C. Peters, and resides in Walnut Township, tliis count}'; Peter lives in Canal Wincliester, Ohio; Clinton B., who is still beneath the parental roof, and Cora A. also at home.

The devoted wife and helpmate of this prominent citizen was called from the activities of eartli September 18, 1883, leaving behind her the memory of her worthy life, the affection of her family, and the esteem of all who knew her. Her many friends felt that her loss was a great one to the community. She was a consistent and earnest member of the Lutheran Churcli, and her life rounded out well the ideal of a Christian wife and mother.

The farm of ]\Ir. Teegai'din now comprises two hundred and ninety-two acres, and at one time he owned full}- one thousand acres, the greater portion of which lie has now divided among his children. He began by receiving one hundred and sixty acres of land from liis father, in the woods of Allen County, Ohio, and all that he has since gained has been by his own efforts, aided by the wise counsel and co-operation of his wife.

^f OIIN P. TODHUNTER is perhaps as well I known as any man in Fayette County, as he _. ll has made his home in Perry Township for \^^/'' nearly three-quarters of a centui-y, being born here, IMarch 21, 1817. He isai |)resent residing on tlie old homestead, where he has carried on the operations of a farm for fifty-four 3'ears. He has always been highly respected as a thorough-going farmer and business man, his wife too sharing in the esteem which is accorded to him.

Isaac Todhunter, the ancestor of the Todhunters of P'ayette and Highland Counties, Ohio, and grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was, from the best accounts available, born in Pennsylvania, about the year 1754. He married Lienor Jury, of Chester Count}^, Pa. They were the parents of six sons, namely: Richard, Isaac, Jr., John, Abner, Juiy and Jacob, and one daughter, Margaret. The}^ lived for several years in Frederick County, Ya., and removed thence to Lost Creek, Tenn. In 1804, they moved to Highland County, Ohio, stopping at, or near, the site of Leesburgh, with their sons, Richard and Isaac, Jr., who preceded them the year previous. In the following year (1805), he purchased the Massie Survey, containing twelve hundred acres situated on the banks of Walnut Creek, in the southern limits of Perry Township, Fayette County, Ohio, but at that time, and for several years subsequent, was a part of

Highland County. In the year 1806, he was elected one of the Trustees at the first election held in Fairfield Township. He was a member of the Society of Friends, donated a lot on which tt) build a meeting-house, and was the principal one in organizing a church, which continues to be known as Walnut Creek Friends' Church. He was a useful and influential man in his community, and in the church. He died in the year 1821, aged about sixty-seven years. His wife, Elenor, survived him eighteen years, and died in 1839, aged upward of eighty years.

Richard Todhunter, tlie eldest son of Isaac Todhunter, and the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Virginia about the year 1779 oi 1780. He married Rebecca Llewellyn; thej^ had three sons and four daughters, namely: Wlialen. Mary, Jane, Elenor, John P., Alfred and Emily. Elenor, John P. and Alfred are still living.

Mr. Todhunter lived almost continuousl}' within the limits of Perry Township for more than sixty years. He was a man of excellent judgment, and was ver}' firm in the supi)ort of what he believed to be right and proper. He was much used as a juiyman, liaving served on the jury very soon after the organization of Fayette Count3\ He lived to the age of ninety years, and died in the 3'ear 1867, much honored and respected, leaving behind the untarnished reputation of an honest man.

John P. Todhunter, the subject of this sketch, is the second son of Richard Todhunter, above mentioned. He was born in Fayette County, Ohio, in the 3'ear 1817; in the year 1837, he married Martha J. Binegar, the daughter of George and Mar}^ Binegar. His wife, Martha J., was born in 1820; she died in the year 1874, at the age of fifty-four years. She was an exem))lary woman, faithfully sharing with her husband in the toils and vicissitudes incident to starting in life on a wooded farm of eight}^ acres, with but fifteen acres cleared, and commencing in a log cabin with the following outfit: one horse, one cow, two beds, one skillet and lid, one oven and pot, two or three tin cups and a reflector for baking bread. With the above outfit, Mr. Todhunter went to clearing land and improving his farm, and by industry and economy he was enabled to make occasi(;)nal additions to his farm, until he became the owner of four hundred and fifty acres of well-improved land, with the modern conveniences as to dwelling houses, barns, etc.

Mr. Todhunter and his wife were blessed with seven children: James E., who was a soldier in the late war, having enlisted in the Seventyfourth Regiment of Infantry, was in the service for two years, and was discharged on ace unt of ill-health, having fought bravely in defense of his country; Margaret A., Alfred R., Mary E., Alonzo N., Alvvilda C. (deceased), and Charles C. Mrs. Todhunter was a member of Cochran's Methodist Episcopal Church, and a faithful, earnest Christian.

In the year 1879, Mr. Todhunter was married to Mrs. Mary Zimmerman, the widow of Eli Zimmerman. They are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He has been a church member for twent3--five years, and a member of AVilstach Lodge No. 368, I. 0.0. F., for thirty 3'ears, and has occupied all the important offices in the lodge. He served twelve consecutive 3"ears as Township Trustee, and has discharged every dut}' conferred on him, official or otherwise, with promptness and fidelity. In his declining years, Mr. Todhunter enjoys the satisfaction of seeing his children all comfortably situated in life, and commanding the respect of the community as honest, enterprising citizens.

'JYl OHN JONES, retired merchant and capitalist, was for manj^ years one of the leading business men of this, his native county, and is still closely identified with its interest as the proprietor of a fine farm, and as Bank Director, etc. The village of London, which is his birthplace, is still his home, and he has a fine brick residence on North Main Street, with extensive and beautiful grounds, adorned by shade and fruit trees.

Our subject was born October 31, 1818, and is a son of William and Elizabeth (Droke) Jones, who were natives of Tennessee, descendants from the early settlers of the old Volunteer State, and they were there reared and married. Ilis fatlier was a blacksmith, and he was a pioneer in that trade in this village, whither he came in the fall of 1H14. He rose to prominence in the business and public life of this section of Madison County, was known far and near, was a general favorite, and was familiarly known as "Dad Jones." He sold goods often as an auctioneer, and he owned three hundred acres of farm lands near the village. In politics, he was a sturdy Jackson man. He had a family of eleven children, of whom four are living: Mrs. Sarah l^otspeich, John, Mrs. Margaret Sidner, and Mrs. Lydia Sidner. The first that died was Mary E., and the others deceased are Job, Isaac, Mrs. Evans, AVilliam, Martha J., Mrs. Rachel Clark, and James. The paternal grandparents of our subject were Solomon and Lydia (Sill) Jones, who were natives respectively of Wales and Tennessee. They came here with the father of our subject, and remained here until death. The maternal grandparents of our subject were Peter and Margaret (Foust) Droke, who were lifelong residents of Tennessee, where Mr. Droke was engaged as a farmer. They were married in 1786. John Jones, who forms the principal subject of this biography, was educated in the village schools of London, and earl}^ gained an insight into the mercantile business, as a clerk in a store. He remained at home with his parents until his marriage, February 27, 1842, and then he and his bride went to keeping house half a mile from London, and he devoted himself to cultivating a tract of land. The same fall, the newly-elected County Sheriff, William Warner, for whom he had formerly clerked three years, came to him, and said: "To-morrow I want you to move into the county jail." He did so, and for four years he was Deputy Sheriff. So well did he fill that oflfice, that he was then elected Sheriff of the count}^ and served in that capacity one term of two years. After that, he assisted in the Deputy Sheriff's office. He was elected Justice, and held that position twelve years, with great credit to himself and satisfaction to all concerned. He has been variously engaged in the commercial world as a drygoods dealer, a grocer, and a dealer in furniture; he has also handled harness and saddles, and has conducted t!)e livery business, having had different partners in each new venture, and for two years he dealt in stock. In 1873, he retired from 1)usiness, selling his interest to his sons, who are now conducting a fine wholesale and retail grocery in London, and have the reputation of being one of the best firms in the county. When in active business, our subject displayed marked enterprise, and his management of his interests was characterized by superior business methods, by unerring judgment, and a sound policy in money matters. He accumulated wealth, and besides a fine farm in the country, has a valuable estate in the city, upon which he resides, the grounds around liis dwelling comprising ten acres of land, planted with fine fruit and shade trees. Mr. Jones is connected with the finances of the count}' as one of the organizers of the Central Bank of London, and as one of its Directors. In politics, he is a loyal Republican. He cast his first Presidential vote for Gen. William H. Harrison. In his social relations, he has long been an Odd Fellow, he being the only surviving charter member of the lodge that was organized in this city in 1846.

Mr. Jones' wife's maiden name was Jane Melvin, and she was born in Madison County, four miles east of London, in what is called the Lower Glade, February 2, 1819, a daughter of John and Sarah (Inger) Melvin. Her parents were natives respectively of A'irginia and Tennessee, and were married in the latter State. Her father, who was a farmer, came to Ohio with his father's family, and they were among the early settlers of Union Township, this county, where the}- lived and died. The parents of Mr. INIelvin were Joseph and Phebe (Van Vacter) Melvin. They had a family of eight children. Mrs. Jones's father and mother had ten children, of whom she, her brother Benjamin, and her sister Phebe (Mrs. Isaac Jones), are the only survivors. Mrs. Jones is a lady whose many womanly attributes place her high in the estimation of all who know her. She has been a jMethodist since childhood, has taken an active part in church matters, and belongs to the Woman's Christian Aid Society. Her pleasant wedded life with our subject has brought to them six children, of whom these two are deceased: Mary E., who niarried Alverd Stiitson, and died, leaving one cliiid, Harry, wlio married Jesse Allen, and they have one child, Donald. Lucien, who was a merchant in London at the time of his death, niarried Alice Kennie, and left three children: Keunie, Nora, and Lucien. The living children of Mr. and Mrs. Jones are Frank, a merchant in London, who married J^izzie II. Koogler, and has one daughter, Nina K. ; Dollie R., who niarried X. H. Wilson, a stock-dealer, and has two children, Mabel and Helen; Horace G., a merchant in London, who married Elizabetli Houston; and Emma, who married H. F. Chandler, a clerk in a book-store in London.

<^ ^ARNER TAYLOR. We have here one of \rJ// the most progressive farmers in Darby W^ Township, Pickaway Count}^, and a good, shrevvd business man, whose popularity is unquestioned in the community. He is a member of a family which settled here in a very early da}^, and he was born here April 17, 1841, His father, AVarner T. Ta3'lor, was born in West Virginia in 1809, and was a farmer and stock-dealer. His marriage in West Virginia was soon followed by his migration to Ohio in 1830, and the journey was taken with liorse and wagon. He located in tlie northern part of this township, on the Possum Run, on the farm which is now owned by Kinzie Gill. He rented this property for a Avhile, but later purchased a portion of it.

The father of our subject had but scanty means when he came to this county, and he located here in a wilderness, living in a log house with clapboard roof, which was held on by "weight poles." After developing his farm, he pushed ahead and bought more property, and at one time owned two thousand acres, being very successful until he learned by experience the folly of going securit}' for neighbors, in consequence of which he lost considerable of his property. At that time, he was dealing largely in fat stock, bu^'ing, feeding and shipping, and used to drive stock through to the Eastern markets. For lifteen years he herded cattle in Illinois and Indiana, and drove them to the Eastern markets, and made much mone^' in this wa^'. He was a very energetic man, and was pushing and persevering in his business methods, being also an excellent manager.

AVarner T. Taylor, the father of our subject, died in January, 1882, leaving behind him a fair reputation as a business man and a neighbor. He was a Republican, in politics, after the formation of that part3% and had previously been a AVhig, but he never cared to hold office. His wife, whose maiden name was Jane Blackburn, was born in Virginia, June 5, 1815, and to her were born twelve children, all of whom are living except the eldest, who died at the age of thirty-five. Their names are Louis, Maiy, William, Alfred, Warner, Anna v., Seymour G., Elmira, Eliza, Amanda, Laura and Charley, respectively. The mother is still living, and makes her home among the children, and she is an earnest and devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Warner Taylor was born and reared on the farm where he now resides, and his education was gained in tlie district school, which was then run on the subscription plan. The first schoolhouse was a log building with large open fireplace, and the slab benches had pin legs, while the writing desk rested upon pegs which were inserted in the wall. At the age of twenty-four years, he was married, on the 22d of February, 1865, to Elizabeth Tanner, who was born near Derby, June 19, 1848. Their five children are Edward, Charle^^, Jennie, Frankie and Laura.

Mr. Taylor has four hundred and eighty-three acres of land here, most of which is improved, and it is all in one bod}', although some of it is in the hands of tenants. He carries on mixed farming, raising wheat and corn, and keeps from thirt^^ to sixty head of cattle, and has large droves of hogs and sheep. During the winter season, he buys hogs, which he fattens and ships to the market.

Our subject and his Avife began housekeeping in a log cabin, and later built an addition to it, but this old home was destroyed b}' fire in March, 1889. Upon it he had $1,000 insurance, but lost considerable. The present home, which is a large frame house, was erected in 18.S'J. He has done considerable tile draining and inii)roving since he came here, and his farm and home are in a most creditable condition. His politics are in harmony with the doctrines of the Republican party, l)ut he does not as))ire to otHce. His family is most highly esteemed in the neighborhood.

^ OSIAH HOPKINS, who resides in the eastern part of Union Township, Fa3'ette Count^^, is the son of Jeremiah Hopkins, a native of Pennsylvania, who was born in the year 1805. His father, Moses Hopkins, removed from Pennsylvania to Ross County, this State, about the year 1810, and was probably born in Pennsylvania. He was the son of a Revolutionar}' hero, who fought all through that period of contest.

Moses Hopkins was twice married. Of his first marriage ten children were born, while two children blessed his second union, Jeremiah being the eldest child of the first marriage. The father purchased land when he first came to this State, and became one of the earliest pioneers of Ross County, remaining in that section throughout the remainder of his life, and si)ending his last days in the village of Frankfort. The family traditions seem to say that he was a soldier in the War of 1812. In his early days he was without means, but b^' his enterprise and perseverance he acquired a handsome property.

Jeremiah Hopkins, the father of our subject, married Nancy, daughter of William Claypool, who was well known in Delaware County, Ohio, being one of the most prominent and prosperous farmers of that part of the State. The young man settled with his wife in Wayne Township, Fayette County, about the year 1827, and buying land there, began the cultivation of his land, and finall}^ had over four hundred acres in his farm. Eleven of his thirteen children became men and women, and ten of these are still in life. They are Mary Jane, who is the wife of Cyrus Heylar, a farmer in Ross County; Sarah, who married Julius Bicknell, a farmer of Moultrie County, 111. ; Washington II., who lives in Vernon County. Mo., where he carries on a farm; our suV)ject; David II., a farmer, who lives at Washington C. II.; Elijah, a retired farmer, Avho makes his home at the same i)lace; Nancy, Avife of Joseph Beatty, who has retired from active farmiiig and makes his home at the county seat; Plnebe, who married A. C. Peterson, and lives in Ross County; Harriet, who is the wife of George Hamilton, a fruit-raiser in Florida; J. Frank, a business man at Washington C. II.; and Scott, who was a soldier in the Union army, and whose death resulted from disease contracted while in service.

Jeremiah Hopkins died May 3, 187.5, and left behind him the memory of a useful and pious life. In his early days he had been a member of the Methodist p]piscopal Church, and in his later years was connected Avith the AVesleyan Methodist denomination. His home was ever an open house for the itinerant preacher and circuit rider of pioneer da3-s, and many public meetings were held beneath his roof. He was lirst a Whig, and later a Republican, and he was ever outspoken in regard to his political convictions. His neighbors made him for a nnmber of years one of the Trustees of the township.

The birth of our subject occurred in Wayne Township, Fayette County, October 7, 1832, and the district schools of that and Ross County furnished his education up to the time that he left home and went to Greenfield, where he had further advantages. He remained with his father until he was twenty-five years old, and in the year 1857, on the 24tli of December, he took as his wife the daughter of one of the most i)roininent farmers of the county. This lad}'. Miss Sarah E. Rogers, was the daughter of David Rogers, an early settler.

After marriage, Mr. and JNIrs. Hopkins lived for two years on the father's farm, after which they went to Madison County and bought a small tract of land there, on which they lived for five years, at the expiration of which time they removed to the place which is now their home. Upon first coming here, Mr. Hopkins bought four hundred and tliirt}' acres, and has added to his estate from

The beautiful home of this famil}^ is a handsome edifice which was put up by our subject in 1868, and which is an ornament to the township. Four children have blessed this home, two sons and two daughters. Their eldest, P^va J., has married Jerome Penn, who makes his home at Washington C. H. and fills the office of 8u|)erintendent of the Gas Works, besides being Superintendent of the Electric Light. The son, Austin F., has engaged in the fruit business in California, making a specialty' of orange culture. Scott, who lives at home with his father, is the next son, and the j^oungest child is Stella R., who is also under the parental roof.

He of whom we write is an intelligent and active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is prominent in Sunday-school work, being Superintendent of the Oak Chapel Sunday-school. He is a stanch worker in the temperance cause, and a strong advocate of Prohibition principles As a farmer, he is largely devoted to stock-raising, and has large herds and. flocks of cattle, sheep, and horses. Throughout his life he has been a hard worker, and his success is commensurate with his efforts.

^ OHN T. BURKE, tlie eflicient Postmaster of Mt. Sterling, claims Virginia as the State of his nativity. He was born in Loudoun County, .January 6, 1838, and is a son of .Tames and Mary (Van Horn) Burke, both of whom were natives of Virginia. The motlier died when our subject was about three weeks old. He remained in his native State with a half-sister, Mrs. Ann Ott, until eleven years of age, when the family emigrated to Fayette County, Ohio, settling near Blooiningburgh. Two years later, they removed to White Oak, in the same countj^ where Mr. Ott bouglit a farm, upon which our subject grew to manhood.

he had attained his majority. In his twentysecond 3^ear, he engaged in teaching, and was thus emplo^'ed until the late war broke out. He immediately responded to the call for troops, but before he could be mustered in, the quota was filled. He then taught through the winter of 1861-62, and in June following joined Company K, Ninetieth Ohio Infantiy, for three 3'ears' service. At the organization of the regiment, he was made Sergeant. The troops joined the Army of the Cumberland and participated in the battles of Perrj'Ville and Stone River. Mr. Burke was taken sick and was confined in the hospital for eight months. Being unfit for active service, he then did duty in the hospital as clerk and steward, receiving his dischai'ge at the close of the war, in June, 1865.

On his return North, Mr. Burke attended the Holbrook Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio, for two terms, after which he again resumed teaching, which profession he followed continuously for some 3'ears. At Madison Mills, he married Miss Margan^t Bush, of Nobleville, Ind., who was born in Greenfield, Highland County, Ohio, but had removed to Indiana with her parents. After his marriage, Mr. Burke made his home in AVhite Oak, being em})loyed as a teacher in one district for five 3'ears, after which he had charge of the grammar department in the schools of Mt. Sterling for four years. He next embarked in the grocery business, which he continued for three 3'ears, but it proved a losing investment and he sold out. He then engaged in clei'kiug for about eighteen months, after which he was appointed Postmaster.

Mr. Burke has been a stanch Republican since he cast his first Presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1860. While at Madison Mills, he served as Township Clerk, first by appointment, and then was three times elected. For seven 3^ears he has served as a member of the School Board, and during all that period has been Clerk. In April, 1889, he was appointed Postmaster by President Harrison, and in his administration of the affairs of the office has given universal satisfaction.

his wife in 1889, her death occurring on the 7th of December. She left five children: Wiilard ,]., born at AVhite Oak, January- 13, 1874, wlio will graduate from the High School at Mt. Sterling in 181)3; Nellis May, born May 18, 1876; ,1. Earl, February 21, 1880; Bright E., in June, 1883; and Harrj^, January 23, 1887. Mr. Burke in early life joined the Christian Church and has since been one of its faithful members. His wife held membership with the same church. He served as Sunday-school Superintendent for several years, and lias always taken an active part in its work. Socially, he is a member of the Odd Fellows' Society', and is also a charter member of J. C. Bostwick Post No. 406, G. A. R.

EORGE GREENFIELD, one of Pickaway County's most worthy citizens, and form- ^^gi^ erly Trustee of Flarrison Township,was born in Adversane, England, on the 7th of June, 1829, and died on the 7th of January, 1891, aged sixtythree years, seven months and two days.

Thomas and Ann Greenfield, the parents of our subject, were natives of England, and there George was reared and educated. He was early taught the duties of farm life and in subsequent years, when starting out for himself, it was but natural perha])s that lie should turn to agricultural pursuits as his chosen occupation. Pearly in the '50s, led by the promises of the Western prairies of this country, he decided to settle in the "land of the free," and after crossing the ocean came immediately to Pickaway County, Ohio. He resided in Ashville for some time, but in the spring of 1879 settled on the farm where he remained until his death and where his widow still resides.

On the nth of April, 1868, Mr. Greenfield married Miss Elizabeth K. Cline, a native of Harrison Township, Pickaway County, born May 21, 1842, and the daughter of Philip and Maria (Crum) Cline. The fruits of this union were eight children, two of whom are now living: Sarah and Virginia. While a resident of Pickaway County, our subject enjo3'ed the reputation of being a substantial and progressive farmer, and was also considered an intelligent and thoroughly [)Osted man on all the current topics of the day. Although his educational advantages had been limited in youth, he was a great reader and was mainly self-educated. He served as School Director for nineteen years and was always interested in educational matters. He was also Trustee of Harrison Township for sometime. Hi politics, he was a Jackson iaii Democrat, and a stanch advocate of the principles of that party. In his ofhcial capacity he faithfully conducted the public affairs to the best interests of those he represented, and to all enterprises of a worthy nature gave his hearty support. The true value of such individuals is not realized fully until they are gone. Personall}-, Mr. Greenfield was the most popular of men. His amiable disposition and courteous manner endeared him to all who were so fortunate as to enter the wide circle of his friendship. His last testimony' was that all was well with him. He was baptized in infanc3' ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^ member of the old State Church of England at his death. He left an estate of two hundred acres, which he had accumulated by industry, economy, and superior management. His widow and two surviving daughters reside on this fine farm, where they have a comfortable home. The}^ are members of the United Brethren Church, and are esteemed members of society, their refinement and culture endearing them to their associates and acquaintances.

village of Mt. Sterling is accustomed to '*> notice with especial interest and admiration the beautiful residence owned and occupied b}' Mr. Alkire. Erected in 1890, it is of a modern style of architecture, commodious and tastefully furnished, and conceded to be one of the most elegant homes in the village.

Ohio, October 7, 1861, our subject is the son of A. R. and Mary J. (Tanner) Alkire, natives respectively of Madison and Pickaway Counties. A complete account of the family history will be found in the biography of A. R. Alkire, in another portion of this volume. The boyhood days of our subject were passed on the old homestead, which is pleasantly situated in the suburbs of Mt. Sterling, and there, under the careful training of his estimable parents, he grew to a vigorous manhood.

The early education of our subject was gained in the schools of Mt. Sterling, and at the age of twenty he entered the college at Merom, Ind., where he commenced a thorough course of study, but, on account of ill health, was compelled to cease his work and return home. He has continued to live on the farm, a part of which lies within the village limits, while the remainder adjoins the village. Upon the division of the estate, one hundred and nineteen acres became the property of A. Scott, beside three hundred acres in other places, mostly in Pickaway County. As the possessor of a large amount of land and the manager of important real-estate interests, he finds his time closely occupied,

December 17, 1884, Mr. Alkire was married to Miss Flora A. Beale, who was born in Pleasant Township, Madison County, Ohio, November 3, 1864, but at the time of her marriage resided in Madison Township, Fayette County. She is a lady of great refinement and superior education, having been a student in the college at Delaware, Ohio, and availing herself of her advantages to the utmost. Their pleasant home is brightened by the presence of three children: Coral, who was born September 22, 1885; A. Ross, November 20, 1889; and Mary, September 14, 1891.

The Republican party finds a stanch supporter in Mr. Alkire, who cast his first Presidential vote for James G. Blaine in 1884, and since that time has continued to work for the interests of the party. However, he is by no means a politician, and has never sought office or the emoluments of public position. His efficient service as a member of the Village Council and the School Board has won the commendation of his fellow-citizens, and prove the possession of excellent judgment and an unusual degree of tact. He is a member of the Mystic Circle, sociall}-, and the Knights of Pythias, in which he is serving as Master of Exchequer.

\TJ0HN E. ARNOLD is an exceedingly shrewd I financier, and is prominent in business circles in Madison County as a dealer in real estate and as a fire insurance and loan agent, with his residence and office in London, the former, one of the most attractive in the cit}^ being situated oil East First vStreet. IMianii is the native county of our subject, and he was born in 1839. James and Melinda (Mullen) Arnold were his parents, and they were both born in early pioneer homes of Ohio, the former in 1798, and the latter in 1803. The father commenced farming in Montgomery County, and later removed to Miami County, where he passed the remainder of his life. He was a good farmer, and was known far and near as one of the prominent men of his township, whose honesty and rectitude in all things were unquestioned. He was the champion hunter of his county ; always carried an Indian hatchet in his belt, and with that, or with his unerring rifle, he brought down many a deer and bear, to say nothing of lesser game. In politics, he, like his father, was a Democrat to the end. The latter, Jacob Arnold, came from German}^ and first settled in the Eastern States, but in the latter part of the seventeenth century became to Ohio, and was one of the earliest pioneers of Montgomery County, where he devoted himself to farming, living there until his earthly pilgrimage ceased. He was the father of nine children.

Our subject and his brother Philip are the sole survivors of a family of six children. He of whom we write attended school in Bethel Township during his bo.yhood. and on his father's farm in his native county grew to a vigorous, self-reliant manhood. He remained in the old home until 1861, and was busily engaged in agricultural pursuits when the war broke out. In a few months he laid aside his work to join the brave bo3^s in blue at the front, anxious to strike a blow in defense of the Stars and Stupes, enlisting December 5, 186 1, in Conipan}' C, Seventy-first Ohio Infantiy. He did valiant service some eight months, but the hardships and exposure to which he was subjected in the long and weary niarciies, in camp and on the battlefield, told on his constitution, and he became so sick that he was ordered to the hospital at Clarksville, where he was subsequently discharged on account of his physical condition, which would not admit of further service as a soldier. He had done his share of fighting whenever the regiment had met the enemy, and at the Battle of Shiloh he was on duty from the start to the finish, displaying true bravery and genuine fortitude in the face of the greatest dangers, when his life was in imminent peril.

Our subject returned home from his experience of military life with his health much impaired, and he has never been as strong and well since. As soon as he was able, he tried farming, with which his early life had familiarized him, and he worked at it three years in his native county. He was then obliged to abandon it, as it was too laborious, and he spent the ensuing year in Nebraska. Returning to Ohio, he took a position in Dayton, in the nursery business and to sell trees. He followed that two years, and still continues to sell trees, but has not done so as extensively for the past eight years, as he has had other business to attend to. He accepted a situation as commercial traveler for the London Manufacturing Companj' , and was with that firm two years. After that he was in the employ of the Wildman Mince Meat and Baking Powder Manufacturing Company, of London, for a like term of years. At the end of that time, he estal^lished himself in his present business, and is one of our most enterprising and trustworthy real-estate men, who has done much to enliven business and jjromote the grovvth of the village. He is well thought of by the entire community, as he is known to be a man of good principles and correct habits, and is social and friendly in his relations with all about him. He has been entrusted with various township offices, and his public spirit has been evinced on many occasions. He seems to have inherited at least

[)art of his political creed from his father and grandfather, and is a member of the Democratic party of to-day. He belongs to the Indeitendent Order of Odd Fellows, and takes a great interest in the organization.

Our subject has been twice married. His first wife, who died in 1H73, was Sarah J. Kellogg, of Fort W.ayne, Tnd. By that marriage two cliildren were born : Emma and Charles II. The present wife of our subject was formerly Miss Mary E. Watrous, and she is a native of this county.

^ ^ILLIAM FORESMAN & BRO., manufac- \^// ^"161''' of flour, meal, feed and dealers in ^Pi' grain and coal, at Circleville, Ohio. When a new settlement is started, about one of the most important things to do is to establish a flour mill; people must have bread, and wheat is easil3- raised. Among those who early became engaged in the milling business was the firm of William Foresman & Bro., the individual members of the firm being William and G. P. Foresman, gentlemen who bring into requisition the amplest financial and l)usiiiess faculties and ability for the highest efficiency in the departments engaging their attention. These flouring mills were established about forty years ago by R. A. Foresman, who was succeeded in 1869 by the present owners, who have since that time entirely refitted and refurnished the building with the new roller-i)rocess machinery and bestknown purifiers and other machinery for the prompt and etlicient execution of the l)est class of work. The mill is located about one and a quarter miles from this city and is connected with the C. M. & V. R. R. by special line or switcii, known as the Willow Bend Railroad, thus securing the amplest shipping facilities to all sections of the Union. The mill is propelled by water power derived from Darby Creek, and b}" the celebrated Victor Turbine water wheel, and employment is usually given to a force of seven workmen and experienced millers, while the mill has a capacit}' of one hundred and fifty barrels of choicest family and Ijakers' flour per day. The principal brands for which this mill is noted find a ready sale and hold the highest standard value in all markets into which the}' have been introduced. This firm also controls a large warehouse and elevator in this city, with a storage capacity of fifteen thousand bushels of wheat. Their handling and shipping facilities justify their claim to pay the highest market price for grain at all times. In addition to the grain consumed at the mill, they ship large quantities each season to our chief grain markets. They also deal in the best grades of hard and soft coal and can supply this article in lump or nut, or for steam or domestic uses, by the car load or ton at lowest standard rates. P>oth members of this firm are natives of LaFayette, Ind., but have for many years been residents of Circleville and promoters of its general interests. Mr. William Foresman was for four years Postmaster of this city, during Gen. Grant's administration. Their father, Hon. Phillip Foresman, was born in Circleville, on the present site of Foresman's Mill, as it is called. The grandfather, William Foresman , was a Virginian, and was but a boy when he came with his parents to Wayne Townshii^, Pickaway County, Ohio, and settled on Government land in this new country. He followed in the footsteps of his father and became a large and well-to-do farmer, owning five hundred and twenty acres where the mill is now located. He was interested in securing the Ohio and Erie Canal and gave the right of way through his farm. In early days, he built a mill and operated it, and was a successful man in every sense of the word. His son, R. A. Foresman, took charge of the mill in 1849, and operated it until 1869, when the subjects of this sketch purchased it. The grandfather was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and died when about ninety years of age. The Foresman family are of Scotch- Irish descent, William Foresman's parents coming from the North of Ireland. William was the father of five children, the Hon. Phillip Foresman being the second eldest. The latter was reared near Circleville, and learned the miller's trade. In fact, all the Foresmans learned the milling business. He was married here and soon after removed to La Fayette, Ind., where he purchased quite a large tract of land. He also built two mills in La Fayette, the first and largest mill built there, and carried on the grain and milling business for many years. In connection he also carried on fanning, and was the owner of over two sections of land. He was a very prominent Whig in politics, and served two terms in the Indiana State Legislature. He died about 1847, Avhen forty-five years of age. He was one of the most thrifty and enterprising citizens, and, although he commenced with scarcely any means, at the time of his death he was one of the wealthiest men of the county. He was a Presbyterian in his religious views. He married Miss Elizabeth Bennett, a native of Deer Creek Township, Pickaway County, Ohio, and the daughter of George and Margaret Bennett, of Virginia, early settlers of Deer Creek Township, where they engaged in farming and stock-raising, becoming quite wealthy. INIrs. Foresman, after her liusband's death, came back to Circleville and reared her family. She now lives with our subject on Scioto Street. The three children are as follows: Bennett resides at La Fayette, Ind., and is a farmer and stock-raiser; William, and George P.

William Foresman was born in La Fa3'ette, Ind., in October, 1847, and came to Circleville with his mother after his father's death. Here he passed his boyhood and youth, and here he received his education, graduating at Cincinnati Commercial College. Afterward, he returned to La Faj^ette, Ind., and followed farming there until 1869, when he returned to Circleville, and, with his brother George P., purchased their present property, since which time they have continued business together. Their mills have a location at the junction of three thoroughfares west of the .river. They manufacture three brands, two of which are "Little Addie" and "Edison Light." In connection, they own and operate the farm of two hundred and twenty-five acres of valuable land adjoining the mill, and are extensive cattle feeders. Their home residence is on the corner of Scioto and Mound Streets, at Circleville. William is Treasurer of the Pickaway Count}' Agricultural Association, and both are stockholders in the Fair Grounds. He is a Director of the Second National Bank, and was Postmaster for four years during Gen. Grant's administration. He was married to Miss Mary Millar, daughter of Adam Millar, who was a large farmer and stockman, and a great breeder of thoroughln-ed horses, at Bloomfield, Ohio. She was born there and died in Circleville, leaving a son, Addie Foresman, who is the owner of six hundred and forty acres of land, the old Adam Millar farm near South Bloomfield, one of the finest farms in the county. William Foresman was formerly a Republican, but now aHiliates with the Democratic party.

George P. Foresman was born in La Fayette, Ind., on the 11th of June, 1845, and remained there until two years of age, when he came with his mother to Circleville. Me attended tlie High School here until 1863, when he entered the Wesleyan University at Delaware and continued his studies there for al)Out two years. He then returned home and engaged in buying and shipping grain from Circleville for a few months, after which he entered the employ of his uncle, R. A. P^oresman, and continued with him, off and on, until he and his brother bought the mill. Since then, they have conducted the business successfully, and are the largest grain dealers in the cit3^ George P. was an organizer of the Pickaway Count}^ Agricultural Association, and is a stockholder in the Fair Grounds. Socially, he is a Knight of Pythias, and, in politics, a Democrat. Both the brothers are very liberal and public-spirited. They gave $500 to the building of the Scioto Valley Railroad, and are liberal contributors to all worthy enterprises.

fU^ ON. J. WHEELER LOWE, the present Mayor of Circleville, is, in addition to the duties connected with that responsible po- ^ sition, engaged in the practice of law. He is a gentleman of great literary talent, and corresponds with various papers and magazines throughout the country. Mr. Lowe was born in Ulster County, N. Y., September 24, 1836, and is the son of Jacob J. Lowe, also a native of that place, as was the grandfather, Jeremy Lowe. The latter-named gentleman was a tailor by trade, and during the War of 1812 joined its ranks as a soldier. He lived to the age of eighty years, and was greatly respected by all who knew him. The great-grandfather of our subject, Johannes Laugh, was born in Holland.

The father of our subject spelled his name Low. He was a man of education, and for forty years taught school in the vicinity of his birthplace. In 1840, he came West to Williamsport, Pickaway Count}^, and engaged in his chosen vocation until his decease, which occurred in 1865. The maiden name of our subject's mother was Susanna De Groodt; she was born in New York, and was the daughter of John DeGroodt, a native of the Empire State and of French descent; she departed this life in Syracuse, Neb., in 1876.

The original of this sketch was the fourth youngest in a family of five sons and five daughters, three of whom are deceased. His oldest brother, Joseph W., fought in the Sixty-first Ohio Infantry from the beginning until the close of the late war, and died in Williamsport after returning home. Mr. Lowe, of this sketch, was four years of age when he was brought by his parents to this State, they making the journey up the Hudson to Albany, thence to Buffalo, to Cleveland and by canal to Circleville. He was reared to man's estate in Williamsport, attending the common schools until reaching his nineteenth year. He then returned to New York State and became a student at Fowler's Law School at Poughkeepsie until 1859, when he came again to the Buckeye State and continued reading law under Col. B. Mason.

Mr. Lowe was admitted to the Bar in 1866 by the Supreme Court of Ohio, at which time he began practicing the profession which he is so successfully engaged in at the present time. Soon after launching out in business for himself, he formed a partnership with a Mr. Sage, which connection lasted for two years. He then conducted his practice alone until 1870, when he took in as partner a Mr. Welton, of New York, the firm name being Lowe & Welton. They carried on a successful and growing practice for two years, since which time our subject has managed his own affairs. He stands at the head of his profession.

In 1884, he of whom we write was elected Mayor of Circleville for a term of two years. So well and faithfull}^ did he perform all the duties connected with tliat responsible oftice that he was re-elected in 1886 for the following term. In 1888, he was appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. Bolin, whose decease occurred nine months previous to the expiration of his term. Our subject was again, in 1890, made the incumbent of that office, to which he devotes considerable time and attention. He has shown himself capable of close application to the duties which lie before him, and his judicious decisions and wise course when bringing about any worthy object are well known to those who are acquainted with he history of this county.

In 1865, Mayor Lowe took a Western trip, visiting Nebraska, Colorado, and many other States, and in 1888 spent a month in New York. He was married in Williamsport, in 1861, to Miss Jennie Sweetman,who was born in Perry County in 1836. To them have been granted a family of three children, namely: John W., May and Charles. In his political relations, Mayor Lowe is strongly Democratic, and bears the good-will of the entire community where he is so widely known.

\fj OHN D. VAUSE. For many years this highly I honored pioneer of Harrison Township, ^.-^^ i Pickaway County, Ohio, has been identified \\^^ with the interests of this count}^, and ranks as a noticeable illustration of that indomitable push and energy which characterize men of will and determination. He was born in Clarke County, Ohio, on the 10th of March, 1818, and his parents, Thomas and Elizabeth (Decker) A'ause, were natives of the Old Dominion, both born in Hampshire County, of that State. Cirandfather William Vause was a native of England, and was either a Captain or a Colonel in the American army during the Revolutionary War.

Thomas Vause, father of our subject, emigrated to Ohio early in the present century, about 1817, and settled in Clarke County, where he made his home until 1823. Then, with his familj-, he moved to Hamilton Township, Franklin Count}-, where he was among the pioneers, and settled in a rude log cabin, later building a good frame house, where he passed his last days, his death occurring in 1852. His worthy wife also passed away that year. Thomas Vause had served as Captain in the militia of Clarke Count}^ when Indians were making trouble, and he was always active in enterprises that had for their object the progress and development of the county. To his marriage were born a number of children, but onl^'^ two besides our subject are now living: James 1. and Thomas B.

He attended school in the primitive log cabin, plastered with clay, and with an enormous fireplace in one end. He swung his youthful legs from slab seats, and his writing desk was a board resting on pegs driven into the wall. The window lights were merely greased paper, and in this rude place he was taught the three R's. After leaving school he followed the occupation to which he had been reared, farming, and this he has continued to follow up to the present time.

On the 14th of September, 1847, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary E Perrill, a native of Madison Township, Pickaway County, Ohio, born on the 1st of January, 1822, and the daughter of Nathan and Christina (Stump) Perrill, both natives of Virginia. In 1816, her parents emigrated to the Buckeye State and settled in Pickaway Count}', where the}- were among the pioneers. They experienced all the privations incident to the early settlers of a region, but they came to this State with the intention of staying, and here they re mained, becoming prominent and successful in their chosen occupation. Of the five children born to Mr. and Mrs. Perrill, only one besides Mrs. Vause is now living, Mrs. Catherine A. Moore, a widow.

and IMrs. Yause are named as follows: Mrs. Thomas Rathmell, Mrs. Seymour Van Metter, Mary, Nathan, Baldwin, Thomas W. (deceased), Mrs. Dr. Henry Blake and Annie L. For five j^ears after his marriage, our subject resided on rented land in Harrison Township, Pickaway County, and then purchased the fine farm on which he is now living. He resided in a rude log house from 1853 until 1869, when he built his fine brick residence, whicli is at once a monument to and a reward of patient continuance in well-doing, hard toil and sober living. He owns three liundred and eleven acres of land, and is a self-made man in ever}^ sense of that much-abused term, for all of his property is the result of industry and economy on the part of himself and wife. While not a church member, he contributes liberally to the different denominations, and is prominently ideiitified with all enterprises worthy of notice. He is a Republican in politics, and held the position of Trustee of Harrison Township, Pickaway County, for some time, discharging the duties of the same in a very creditable manner.

He and his estimable wife are among the rejDresentative pioneers of the State, and are held in high esteem in the community in which they reside. The}' are hospitable and social and all find a warm welcome in their pleasant home.

OPE GREGG, one of the prominent lawyers of Jefferson ville, Fayette County, is a native-born citizen of this count}', having had his birth on the 3d of July, 1862. He is a son of John F. Gregg, who is also a native of Ohio. Our subject was reared to farm pursuits and attended the public schools. He spent some time at Buchtel College, at Akron, Ohio, taking a special course, and at the age of twenty-three years began the study of law with his brother. Judge Ace Gregg, of Washington C. II.

He of whom we write was admitted to the Bar in the fall of 1886, and began the practice of his profession in Jeffersonville, at which place he has since resided and has built for himself an extensive and profitable practice in Fayette, Madison and Greene Counties. He is a bright and thriving law3^er and understands his profession thoroughly. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Indepedent Order of Odd Fellows and the Encampment.

Mr. Gregg besides his legal business is also interested to some extent in agriculture, having charge of his father's estate, a nice tract of land consisting of one hundred and ninetj'-five acres in this county.

^, AVID MOCK. Jefferson Township, Fayette County, has its full quota of vigorous, enterprising, thorough-going business men, wiiose popularity is based upon their well-known integrity and progressiveness. None among these is better liked by those who have dealings with them than is lie of whom we now write. He is the proprietor of a fine estate, including one hundred and fifty-three acres, which bears all the Improvements which stamp it as a first-class farm. Mr. Mock is practically retired from active life, and rents his farm to a tenant.

He of whom we write was born in Fa3'ette County, April 15, 1841, and is a son of Daniel Mock, a prominent resident of this section. Our subject was reared to man's estate in this county, receiving his education in the common scliools of his district, where he acquired a sntticient knowledge to give him an imi)etus to go on by himself. He aided his father in the cultivation of a home farm until the outbreak of the late war, when, in 1862, he enlisted in Company C, Ninetieth Ohio Infantry, and served his country faithfully until the close of hostilities, being mustered out as Corporal. He participated in the battles of Perry ville, Nashville, Franklin, Chickamauga, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Kenesaw Mountain, and numerous skirmishes. He passed through all the hardships and privations of a soldier's life during his three years of service, and after being discharged returned home and engaged in the peaceful pursuits of farm life.

Mr. Mock purchased a farm in 1867, upon which he removed and made it his home ten j^ears. He then became the proprietor of another tract on the Pike, and which is his present abiding-place. In 1883, he erected thereon a comfortable frame house which is presided over by his estimable wife. While superintending the cultivation of his farm, in addition to raising cereals he bred fine grades of cattle and swine which he shipped to the city markets, and for a number of 3"ears was extensively engaged in buying and selling stock. As before stated, Mr. Mock is now retired from active work on his estate, and rents his property.

In 1867, Miss Asenath McKillip became the wife of our subject. Mrs. Mock is a very intelligent lady and noted housekeeper, and is the daughter of Talle}' McKillip. The original of this sketch is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and is I'eeognized by all his fellow-townsmen as a most estimable oentleman.

[] SHAM A. JONES, who is known in political circles as one of the leaders of the Democracy in this section, is likewise prominent as a farmer, having valual)le farming interests and a beautiful home in Jackson Township. He is a native of Logan County, 111., and was born August 27, 1851. Stephen A. Jones, his father, was a Penns,ylvanian by birth, and was reared to the life of a farmer in his native State. He settled in Logan County at an early day, and soon became thoroughly identified with the most active and enterprising pioneers of that section of Illinois. ILis life began in poverty, but by diligence, careful management and shrewd investment of his money after he had obtained a start, he accinnulated wealth. He had served in the AVar of 1812 as Captain of a company, and subsequently engaged extensivel}- in bu3'ing and selling land, purchasing many land warrants that had l)een given to soldiers of the War of 1812. His son now has several of these warrants for land in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois.

1855, was a serious blow to the county where he had lived and labored so long, and where he left an estate of between six hundred and eight hundred acres. He was of the Methodist persuasion in religion, and in politics was a Democrat. He married Airy Adna Wear, who was of Scotch descent, and had been previously married to a Mr. Ham, b}' whom she had one child, Jason. She died at the age of forty-eight years. She was a faithful and conscientious Christian, and a Methodist in her religious belief.

Our subject is the only child of his mother's second union. He was three j^ears old when his father died, and four years of age when he was bereft of a mother's care by her untimely death. Thus sadly left an orphan, he was cared for by his half-brother until he was thirteen years old, passing his bo3hood on a farm and in attendance at the local district school. His brother then died, and after that our subject lived with a nephew, James B. Dunham, until he was twent3^-one years old, when he began life for himself as a farmer. He was engaged in agricultural pursuits until he was twent3'-eiglit years of age. His next venture was to open a hardware store at AVaynesville, De Witt Count3', 111., which he conducted the ensuing seven 3'ears. At the expiration of that time, he resumed farming, and owned a farm of one hundred and twenty acres in Barnard Township, De Witt Count3r

In the 3'ear mentioned, Mr. Jones came to Ohio to take up his residence in Jackson Township, his wife having fallen heir to four hundred acres of ex-Gov. McArthur's estate, which had been in litigation for two or three generations, and finall3' had been settled by the United States Supreme Court. Our subject has control of four hundred and twenty acres here, besides owning ninet3'- seven acres in Clarke County and some land in Union Count3'. He rents some of the land, and farms the remainder, devoting it to mixed husbandry, raising grain and other produce, and a fine class of stock. His farm is well conducted after the most approved modern methods and in a methodical manner, and its appointments are of the best, including a handsome residence, one of the largest and finest in Jackson Township, a view of which mav be found elsewhere in this volume.

Mr. Jones was united in marriage with Miss Effie McArtliur, December 12, 1873. Three cliildren have been born unto them, wliom tliey have named Flora T., Susie Van B. and Stephen A., respectively. Mrs. Jones is a native of this county, born September 22, 1844, and is a daughter of Allen C. and Olive (Whitney) McArthur. Her father was born on old Fruit Hill, in Ross County, while her motlier was a native of New York State. Tlie fatlier was a surveyor and a farmer by occupation, and surveyed the Marion tt Circleviile Railway. He died at tlie age of fifty-four, and his wife when past sixty years of age. The3' reared five of their eiglit cliildren: Adora, Effle, Flora T., Susan N. and Allan C. Mrs. Jones' paternal grandfather was (Jen. Duncan McArthur, who was originall}^ a farmer, also served as an officer in the regular army, and was Governor of Ohio in the earl\' history of the State.

Mr. and Mrs. Jones stand high socially, and religiously arc inclined to the Presbyterian faith. He is a man of large public spirit, and in him the Democratic party of this section of Ohio finds one of its most efficient workers. He has been a member of the County Central Committee two terms, and has been State Delegate to several conventions.

^ORMAN McLEAN. The subject of this sketch is at present residing on his fine tract of land in Union Township, Fayette County. He was the son of Joseph McLean, who was born in this county in 1803. The latternamed gentleman was the son of Duncan and Elizabeth McLean, who emigrated from Pennsylvania in an early da}' and first located in Ross County, this State, where the grandfather died a year later. They were the parents of four children, those besides the father of our subject being Mary, who became the wife of Norman Jones Stogdal, who died in early manhood, and Daniel, who afterward became the famous Judge McLean. After the death of her luTsband, Mrs. Duncan McLean was again married, and removed in 1810 with her family to Fayette County, locating on

Sugar Creek, Union Township. There Mr. Waddle, her husband, entered a tract of land and continued to reside upon it until 1812, when they removed to Washington C. II. It was there that the father of our subject was educated. When eighteen years of age, he went to Ross County and served an apprenticeship at the cabinetmaker's trade. After attaining his majority, he returned to the above-named city and worked at his trade for about eight years. He then located upon the farm, which is the property of our sul)- ject, and there he continued to make his home until his death, April 15, 1887.

.]ose|)h McLean was married in 1829 to Miss Lucinda Sholie, who had been orphaned by the death of her father when quite young. The Shobe family hail from Yirginia, and on removing to this vState were among the earl}' settlers of Ross County. To them were born a family of eight children, four of whom grew to manhood and womanhood, and of whom only three are living, viz.: Mary E., Mrs. George A. Jenkins; Margaret, who resides with our subject; and Norman. In politics, the father of our subject was a Whig, but on the organization of the Republican party joined its ranks, in which he was an active worker. He was very prominent in township affairs and served efficiently as Trustee of Union Township for many years. He was also a member of the Board of Directors of the County Infirmary, and in church matters was an adherent of the Methodist Episcopal faith.

The original of this sketch was born September 2G, 1843, on the farm where he is at present residing. His limited education was received in the district schools, and, when old enough to be of service to his father, he worked on the home farm. During the Civil War, he participated in the Morgan raid through the southern portion of the State. November 15, 1866, Miss Lucinda, daughter of James W. and Amelia Garlinger, became the wife of our subject. Her father was one of the prominent farmers of the county and resides in Union Township.

carpenter, resides in Jasper Township, Fayette Count}^; Early, engaged in teaching school in Union Township, this county; Robert, Fanny, Walter and Howard, who reside at home witli llieir parents. Mary died when two years old.

He of whom we write owns a fine one hundred and eight3'-acre farm, upon whicli he has placed the best of improvements, believing tiiat the best methods always bring in the largest returns. He does a general farming and stock-raising business, giving especial attention to the raising of grain and broom corn. With his estimable wife, he is connected with the Methodist Protestant Church, in the Sunda3'-school of which denomination they are active workers. Mr. McLean has been the incumbent of the position of School Director in his district, and at the present time is president of tlie Board. Tlie family are highly esteemed in this locality, where Mr. McLean is regarded as an uprififht man and 2:0 od citizen.

IhiM. ARTIN ROWE is at present residing on a fine tract of land in Concord Townsliij), Fayette County, of which he is tlie owner. He was born January H, 1813, in Greene Township, and is the son of John and Frances (Anderson) Rowe, natives of ^'irginia. The father was a patriot in the War of 1812, and was tiie son of Jesse Rowe, also a native of the Dominion, and a soldier in the Revolutionary army.