Zanesville City (part 4 of 8)

First Superintendent

In February, 1852, \Ir. George W. Batchelder was chosen superintendent of all the schools, at a salary of $1,000.00, and twelve teachers constituted the corps of instructors. In May, 1852, the female seminary was destroyed by fire and the schools were reopened in the basement of the Seventh Street Methodist Episcopal church and the \larket street academy; the loss stimulated the board to provide permanent and more suitable accommodations for the schools, and a committee was named to select sites for four ward buildings and a high school. The council authorized the issue of bonds to an aggregate of $25,000.00, and in April, 1853, lots for the Center and Harvey street buildings were purchased, and the superintendent sent to Cleveland, Sandusky and Columbus to inspect the school buildings and advise the board upon the most desirable plans. In July, 1853, contracts were awarded for the erection of the Center and Harvey streets buildings, at $7,645.00 each, exclusive of the stone work, and they were completed in April. 1855; at the same time the building on the hill was ordered placed in condition for high-school purposes. In the spring of 1853 the first school for the education of colored children was established ; the law then in force required a separate board of directors, elected by the colored people, and the cost of the school was met by taxes levied upon the property of the colored people.

In October, 1854, Mr. Batchelder resigned and the records bear witness to his efficiency in adapting the means at his command to the inauguration of

The Graded School System

Mr. Almon Samson became superintendent in April, 1855, and Mr. Charles W. Chandler, principal of the first high school; the city school system was then organized into departments - the Primary, with a course of three years; the Secondary, of three years; Senior, of three years, and High-School, with courses of two, four and five years, respectively. Mr. Samson resigned at the close of the school year in July, 1857, when there were thirty-one teachers and one high school, two Senior, five Secondary, ten Primary, one unclassified and one colored school; the white enumeration in attendance being 1,500.

During 1856 ground was bought for the Rural school, in the northeast portion of the city, and the building was erected and the school opened during the school year of 1857-8.

Mr. M. D. Leggett succeeded Mr. Samson, as superintendent, at a salary of $1,200.00, and in his first report commented upon the simplicity and thoroughness of the work planned by his predecessor, and remarked that "there are in the city but very few patrons of our schools who would be willing to have any material alteration made. either in the course of study or classification." Night schools were maintained from November to March and the schools progressed favorably. January 7, 1862, Mr. Leggett resigned to accept the colonelcy of the Seventy-eighth Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, a regiment which earned honor for itself and the county from which it was recruited.

Mr. Charles W. Chandler, principal of the high school, was chosen superintendent at a salary of $1,000.00, but the exigencies of the times made economy essential and at the close of the school year the superintendency was abolished, and a reduction made in salaries; reports are very incomplete, and at the close of the year there were thirty-five teachers and an enrollment of 2,110 pupils.

In June, 1865, Mr. Chandler resigned as principal of the high school, and Mr. A. T. Wiles was elected at a salary of $1,000.00: no official changes occurred until the close of the school year 1869-70, when the office of superintendent was revived and Mr. Wiles placed in charge of the schools at a salary of $1,500.00, and Miss Margaret Stults selected as principal of the high school, at a salary of $1,000.00. During this scholastic year the Stemler building, in Marietta street, had been erected and occupied and the Presbyterian Mission Sunday School building, in Monroe street, had been purchased for public school purposes.

During 1870 Natchez, or South Zanesville, was annexed and with it came the Pear street building, and later in that year West Zanesville was added to the city and placed the Moore building, a four-room brick structure, in charge of the Zanesville Board. During 1872 Putnam was annexed, with the two-room brick building, in Woodlawn avenue, and the four-room brick build-

100 PAS ing, at Madison street and Moxahala avenue; only a nominal control of the Putnam schools was exercised until the close of the year that the schools might not be impaired by a change in the midst of the course. By these additions the teaching corps was increased from forty-five to sixty persons; Rev. R. S. James succeeded Miss Stults, as principal of the high school during ley2

During 1873, at the request of the Board of Education, the City Council erected the six-room brick building in Monroe street; a four-room brick building in Columbia street, and added two rooms to the Moore building, at Park and Amelia streets, the cost of the improvements being $30,000.00.

The special law for the Zanesville schools, of 1839, made no provision for a levy by the Board of Education, but directed that the City Council should annually appropriate a sufficient sum to meet the expenses of the schools. In 1849 the law was amended which authorized the Board of Education, in certain cities, to determine the levy for the maintenance, but did not vest them with the power to make a levy for the purchase of sites and the erection of buildings. In 1851 this provision was, by special enactment, extended to Zanesville and the Board of Education could levy for contingent expenses, but was dependent upon the council for improvements. The several statutes were conflicting and inconsistent, and at times it was difficult to determine the authority of either body, under complex conditions. The general school law of 1873 removed all doubts by vesting in the Board of Education the title of all property formerly held by the City Council, and authorized the former to provide for all expenses, by a levy of not exceeding seven mills, and when necessary, to borrow money on bonds for sites and buildings.

At the opening of the school year, 1875-6, Mr. W. D. Lash succeeded Rev. R. S. James, as principal of the high school, and September 27, 1875, a four-room brick building was ordered erected in Jackson street at a cost of $5,525.00.

May 9, 1876, two petitions were presented from citizens, asking economy in the operation of the schools, and the subject was referred to a committee who recommended that district principals be abolished, and the school organization be revised, but the proposition was not agreed to, and salaries were revised.

June 12, 1878, a two-room addition was ordered erected to the Rural building, and the contract was awarded, July 17, at $1,182.00, and a tworoom brick building was ordered built on Moxahala avenue. Mr. Wiles resigned as superintendent, and Mr. W. D. Lash was chosen as his successor and Mr. H. A. Axline as principal of the high school.

The increase in the colored schools and the demand for more advanced courses caused the inauguration, at the beginning of the school year 1878-9, of a colored high school in a building on Ninth street, and Mr. Charles S. Harrison, a colored man of high attainments, was appointed principal, at a salary of $600.00. The demand for more room for both white and colored schools was very great and the solution was beyond the ability of the board with the resources at its command.

December 29, 1879, Mr. H. A. Axline resigned as principal of the high school and Mr. C. R. Long was elected to the vacancy. In May, 1880, lots were purchased in the "old Seventh ward" for $800.00 and a two-room brick building was erected at a cost of $2,800.00, and is now known as the Munson building; during 1880-1 a remodelling and enlargement of the Madison street building was effected at a cost of $4,000.00, the crowded condition of the schools in that neighborhood rendering the action a positive necessity. June 28, 1881, the district principal was abolished and the entire supervision placed in charge of the superintendent, and some modifications made in the government of the buildings, in consequence of the innovation.

The isolation and elevation of the high school building; the dilapidated condition of the Market street academy ; the unsanitary surroundings and accommodations in the Masonic building, and the inadequate provisions for the colored schools on the east side of the river, made a large central building essential, and that the problem was complex the records of the board fully attest. June 20, 1881, the purchase of the lot on east side of Sixth, between North and Center streets was ordered, and January 14, 1882, the plans and specifications for a three-story, twelve-room brick building were approved, and the handsome high school building was constructed and completed for the opening of the schools for the year 1883-4, at a cost of $38,801.83. The old high school was at once put in good repair for the use of the colored schools on the east side of the river, and the colored schools opened there in September, 1883, and the former buildings in Ninth street sold as unsuited for educational purposes. At the close of the year in June, 1884, Mr. C. R. Long resigned the principalship of the high school and Mr. J. M. Seright was chosen, and at the close of the school year, 1885-6, he resigned and was succeeded by Mr. L. L. H. Austen.

During 1886-7 an addition of two rooms was made to the Columbia building, at an expense of $3,000.00; during this year the colored schools were closed, by reason of a statute which required the admission of colored pupils to the white schools, a measure which has been unfortunate in its results, as colored graduates are

July 30, 1888, Mr. Willis M. Townsend succeeded Mr. Austen as principal of the high school. February 27, 1888, the site for the Lincoln building, in Sheridan street, was purchased ; June 3, 1889, the plans were approved, and August 20, 1889, the contract for a four-room, brick building was awarded at $9,971.83. July II, 1893, a two-room, brick addition was ordered to the Columbia building at a cost of $3,187.00.

The classes graduating from the high school had been increased in numbers very rapidly, and as the custom had prevailed of having each graduate read an essay, the programme became exceedingly tiresome when two score or more pupils were graduated; afternoon and evening sessions were held with unsatisfactory results, and with each succeeding vear the exercises became more uninteresting. The request of some graduates to be excused from reading was promtly granted, but the number desiring an active part was still too great, and to add to the embarrassment, each class manifested a desire to outshine its predecessor in the appointments of the occasion: the facility with which the pupils requests were granted developed a_ sentiment among the graduates that the board was an agent to execute their wishes, and they were accustomed to indicate what should or should not occur. The members of the board finally evinced an appreciation of the dignity of their position and September 5, 1893. adopted rules governing commencement exercises, and July 22, 1895, made still further rules, declaring that the number of active participants should be limited to nine, three to consist of the three graduates whose averages were the highest; three to be chosen by the class and three to be chosen by the faculty; but no substitutes to be allowed in case of failure to participate.

To encourage pupils in the Grammar grade, who had no intention of entering the high school, to complete the Grammar course, it was decided, April 16, 1894, to issue diplomas of graduation from the Grammar grade, and to hold graduating exercises, during which the diplomas would be formally presented by the superintendent. The first Grammar school commencement was held in Memorial Hall, at the conclusion of the school year, in June, 1894. and at once became very popular.

July 10, 1895, a lot at Luck avenue and Belknap street was purchased for $4,000.00, and August 5 a contract was awarded for the erection of a four-room brick building, for $15,438.00, and was named Garfield; on the same dates five lots fronting on Fair Oaks Park, and two lots on Putnam and Moxahala avenues, adjoining the first named, were purchased for $4,675.00, and contract for the erection of a four-room brick building, at $15,550.00, to be known as Grant; August 12, 1895, a contract was awarded at $6,295.00 for a four-room addition to the Lincoln building.

July 13, 1903, the McIntire school lot, bounded by North, Fifth, Center and Sixth streets, was purchased for $25,000.00; on the same date a communication was read from James Buckingham stating that the trustees and legatees under the will of Mrs. Eunice Buckingham proposed an absolute donation to the Board of Education, of the library so long kept at the Putnam Female Seminary, the same to be known as the "Eunice Hale Buckingham Collection," and to be used as a school library, to be managed by the board so 'as to make said collection as useful to the public, in the cause of education, as it is and shall be possible and practicable." The valuable collection was accepted with grateful acknowledgements, and August 24th rules were adopted for its management.

During November, 1903, a fire seriously damaged the Lincoln building, and only two rooms were uninjured and fit for occupancy; the grammar grades were provided for in the high school, Euclid Avenue Methodist Episcopal church and council chamber, and the primary schools suspended until repairs were made.

May 4, 1904, a committee from the Zanesville Atheneum appeared before the board and _ provosed to convey to it the real estate and library of that venerable institution, which was agreed to May 16, in accordance with the provisions enumerated in the sketch of the Atheneum. July 1, 1904, Willis Mf. Townsend resigned as principal of the high school and AIr. Charles 8. Hoskinson was elected to the position.

The provisions of the new municipal code haying been extended to the school boards, and three members having been determined upon as constituting the Zanesville board, the members were chosen at large at the election held in November, 1904, and the last meeting of the old board was held January 2, 1995. mee it formally adjourned sine die. The new members were then qualified and organized by electing Frederick Geiger. president; Gilbert Snyder, vice president, and Le Ps Humphrey, clerk.

1839-40. Richard Stillwell, president; John A. Turner, secretary, who died and was succeeded by Horatio J. Cox: Charles G. Wilson, treasurer ; Hugh Reed, George W. Manypenny, Allen Cadwallader, who resigned in July, 1840, and was succeeded by Uriah Parke.

102 PAST "AND (PRESENT Hugh Reed, Horatio J. Cox, George W. Manypenny; Mr. Stillwell resigned November 27, 1841, and was succeeded by Jesse Keene.

1841-2. George W. Manypenny, president; Uriah Parke, secretary ; Charles G. Wilson, treasurer; Hugh Reed, Horatio J. Cox, Jesse Keene, who was succeeded by J. W. Foster.

184234. Horatios Js Cox, presidents. Uriah Parke, secretary; Charles G. Wilson, treasurer 5 Mark Loudan, Adam Peters, John W. Foster, succeeded in April, 1843, by E. E. Fillmore.

Vans Anid Present

1889-90. J. S. Haldeman, M. D.. president: William Al. Shinnick, jr., clerk; Jacob Zinsmeistem, treasurer: 1. jbarton, M8D.,lames Pealrvine, Charles J. Brenholts, George Rishtine, Theodore D. \leCaddon, resigned May, 18go, and was succeeded by Louis F. Smith, Samuel L. Wiles, Albion J. Andrews.

18y1-2. George Rishtine, president; William Ml. Shinnick, qr. oe Rect) Zinsmeister, treastrera leafs barton, Al. james T. Irvine, Fi FAchauer, [ances N- aes i Piczo Mitinsent, Si, We, Wiles, J. Hope Sutor.

A political trick was plaved to maintain control of the city government by dividing three republican and one democratic wards in a manner to make five certain republican and one uncertain ward; the question of the legality of the proceedings was carried into the courts. and in. November, 18y6, the Circuit Court declared the creation

1899-1900. H. F. Achauer, president: G. W. Kennedy, vice-president; S. S. Morrison, clerk; W. AMI. Shinnick, treasurer; B. F. Templeton, MM. D., A. J. Christman, Milo E. Dunn, resigned November 20, 1899, and was succeeded by Gilbert snvder, E. F. Mull, William M. Dodd, Karl Kappes.

The new municipal code, which destroved former ward lines, made no provision for the election of school boards, and state authorities decided that old boards would hold over until legislation could be had. .

Tile Meredith College

Commercial colleges were conducted in Zanesville "before the war." In April; 1866, Small's Business College was opened on the third floor, at the southeast corner of Main and Third streets, by J. C. Small and J. J. Dinsmore, and about two years later was purchased by J. W. Roll and F.

M. Choguill, who changed the name to the Zanesville Business College. April, 1876, Choguill became sole proprietor, with H. B. Parsons as assistant, and in 1880 Choguill sold to Parsons; C. C. Kennison became a partner, and W. G. Gay bought Parsons' interest, which he sold to ©. S. Johnson; Kennison retired and a partnership was formed by Johnson with Miss Emilie B. Saumenig and Frank E. Strough, who had conducted a similar school in the Memorial Hall, and the business was consolidated at Main and Third streets. Strough died and Johnson retired, and Milo E. Dunn was associated with Miss Saumenig for about a year, when he was succeeded by P. W. Fredericks. In the spring of 1895, Miss Saumenig became sole owner, and April 1, 1895. R. L. Meredith became manager and remained in charge until April 1, 1900, when the business passed to W. C. Howey, who soon after closed the school.

Mr. Meredith opened the Meredith College April 1, 1900, in the Schultz Building, southwest corner of Main and Fifth streets, and during the five vears, ended April 1, 1905, had enrolled 1,174 pupils; from the small beginning, the college now occupies the four upper floors, as class rooms, in addition to the general offices on the second floor. May 20, 1903, the college was incorporated under the Ohio statutes, with power to confer degrees and issue diplomas, and the present directors are: R. L. Meredith, president and business manager; C. M. Shafer, vice-president; B. P. Leister, secretary and treasurer; J. H. Shipps, H. F. Rohrman, L. B. Poe and Irwin G. Jennings, with Mrs. R. L. Meredith, corresponding secretary.

New Concord And Roseville Papers

NEWSPAPERS, COMPRISING THE MUSKINGUM MESSENGER, THE DEMOCRATIC UNION, AURORA, CIT= IZENS PRESS AND SIGN.AL, THE MUSKINGUM EX= PRESS, AND DEVELOPMENTS INTO THE COURTER, THE CULY TIMES Nip eh ais RECORDER, ZANESVILLE SUNDY NEWS, ZANESVILLE PENNY PRESS: WEEKLY VISITOR AND HOME MONITOR, LABOR JOURNAL, WEEKLY ADVOCATE, ZANESVILLE POST, WESTERN RECORDER, EPHEMERAL ZANESVILLE PAPERS, DRESDEN, FRAZEYSBURG, A\DAMSVILLE, NEW CONCORD AND ROSEVILLE PAPERS.

Muskingum Messenger

The first newspaper published in Muskingum county was the Muskingum Messenger, which made, its first appearance in February, 1810, as an advocate of democratic principles and _policies, as defined by Thomas Jefferson, the opposition being stvled federalists. George Washington Was not a partisan but the supporters of his ad- ministration were federalists, and although Jefferson was a member of the cabinet he was not in accord with the President, and his political school was called republican, or democratic republican. John Adams was the only federalist president and Jefferson was the first democratic president.

White and Sawyer were the first publishers of the Muskingum Messenger, but shortly after it began David Chambers, a later prominent politician and Representative to Congress, purchased White's interest and about 1812 became sole proprietor, and made it one of the most prominent and influential journals of the State; during the war of 1812-14, it was an able and efficient supporter of the war, and the administration. About 1815, Josiah Heard became editor and proprietor and continued until 1818. In February, 18109, Ezekial T. Cox became owner and continued the publication until February, 1822, when he transferred his interest to his brother, Horatio J. Cox. who reconveved it in February, 1824, to Ezekial T. and Samuel J. Cox; in 1825 the latter became sole owner and editor, and in \lay, 1828, sold the paper to Thomas Anderson, because he could not support Jackson for the presidency. Anderson supported the administration until the South Carolina nullification episode, when he espoused the Calhoun doctrines and lost prestige with the body of the party. In 1837, Joseph \oorehead and Michael P. Brister became owners, but being whigs the paper ceased to be esteemed as a democratic journal and soon became extinct.

When the J/uskingiwn Afessenger ceased to be the regular democratic organ, Charles B. Flood and Frederick W. Dekrufft, in 1833, established the Democratic Union; William Crosby succeeded them and changed the name to the Aurora, and soon after sold to David Robb, and he to Jacob Glessner, January 1, 1838; after six years of vigorous political warfare he sold the paper in 1244, to John Brandt, and within a few years it was owned successively by McCann and Camp, Chauncy Bassett, Henry Beard, Roberts and Adams and again by Henry Beard. August 18, 1852, Beard sold to R. W. P. Muse, and November 15, 1853, Albert O. Wagstaff purchased a one-third interest, and remained one year; January 2, 1854. Muse and Wagstaff began the Dai/y Commercial Aurora, which continued for about three vears, and July 1, 1855, Lewis Baker purchased a onethird interest and held it until July 1, 1857, and retired. Julv 16, 1856, Muse sold his interest to James W. Gally and when Baker retired Gally became sole proprietor and publisher until April 13, 1860, when he sold to Thomas W. Peacock. November 23, 1860, Joseph McGonagle became associated and November 13, 1862, his interest was purchased by the Ohio Farmer's League, and the latter was merged with the Aurora.

MUSKINGUM COUNTY. 105 In 1860 the Aurora supported Douglas for the presidency and Samuel Chapman and Anthony Deffenbaugh, in September, started the Citizens' Press, in support of Breckenridge, and developed into a seditious sheet when its candidate became a foe to his country, and the paper was mobbed by the indignant loyal men of Zanesville; July 9, 1863, it was merged with the Aurora, and William Ewing became associated with Peacock, and January 1, 1864, purchased Peacock's interest. and February 4, 1864, he sold to J. Mulholland and Company, who discontinued the Aurora, and began the Ohio Signal, the first number of which was issued February 11, 1864, but after a few weeks the names of the publishers were withdrawn and during the year Daniel B. Linn became proprietor. During 1865 an association and not an incorporation was formed by prominent democrats, in the city and county, under the name of the Signal Printing Company, with D. B. Linn, Elias Ellis, William Pringle and Gemmill Arthur as trustees, Mr. Linn being the sole manager. In August of that year, with an entirely new equipment of type, steam power, Hoe press, and jobbing outfit, the Zanesville Daily Signal, with a weekly edition, was commenced, with Mr. Linn as editor and Mr. Arthur as business manager. Mr. Linn's election to the Ohio Senate was disastrous to his business interests and Mr. James T. Irvine purchased the plant and took possession June 10, 1867; the dailv edition was continued until January 1, 1870, when it was suspended.

In November, 1883, Thomas \I. and Daniel H. Gaumer purchased and became publishers of the Sicnal, and an May. 1887:-Aire Irvine took itr. Thomas \I. Gaummer's interest, which was acquired by Mr. D. H. Gaumer, January 16, 1889: his energy as sole proprietor made the property very valuable, and it was removed from its former rooms on the third floor of the building. northwest corner of \ain and Fourth streets, to the basement, and first and second floors of the rooms in the Opera block. southeast corner of Fifth street and Fountain alley; the daily was reestablished, and the proprietor having entered politics, was successively Representative and Senator to the General Assembly and Postmaster of the city; his labors were in excess of his physical strength and February, 1898, he died, as so many other Americans, of overexertion. In October, 1898, the paper was purchased by Henry E. and James R. Alexander, under whom it has had still greater success and is now published in the commodious quarters at southeast corner of Main and Second streets.

The Courier

The federalists were weak and uninfluential in the west, and the democrats were supreme, but shortly after the appearance of the Muskingum Messenger, in 1810, the Muskingum Express was presented by J. H. Putnam and Company, as a federalist organ; the field was uninviting and the publishers were doubtless satisfied with the experience, and in 1812 sold to O'Hara and Bennett, who published the Express and Advertiser, which was changed December 30, 1812, to the E.vpress and Republican Standard, and was continued under that title until 1823, when the name was changed to the Ohio Republican, by its new owners, David Chambers, editor, and Adam Peters, publisher, in advocacy of the election of Henry Clay to the presidency. July 22, 1824, Chambers retired and Peters conducted the paper alone until January 5, 1825, when William C. Pelham purchased an interest, but resold to Peters, August 3, 1833. In 1842 Peters sold the establishment to Lambert O'Hara and John A. Beatty, the latter retiring in the following vear, when H. P. Bristow became part owner, and November 11, 1845, David H. Lyman became owner and on that day discontinued the Ohio Republican and presented the Zanesville Courier, which soon became one of the leading journals of the State. Beginning March 31, 1846, the Tri-Weekly Courier was published and was discontinued June 21, when the Daily was issued; this was not successful and November 1, 1847, the Daily was suspended and the Tri-Weekly was. resumed. October 19, 1849, Edward Ball and Imri Richards became proprietors and December 16, 1850, resumed the publication of the Daily, which has regularly appeared ever since. The gentlemen were not successful and transferred the business to W. H. Ball, William Buell tin). Mercercand Jaiarrel,ewho,in turn; in 1852, conveyed it to George Weaver and N. S. Kaufman.

About 1830 Uriah Parke had established the Zanesville Gasette, and March 4, 1858, it was consolidated with the Courier, by U. P. Bennett, its proprietor, purchasing Weaver's interest, and while the Daily maintained its title the weekly edition was issued as the Courier and Gazette, but December 18, 1868, 'Gazette' was dropped. In August, 1859, C. H. Upton and J. T. Shryock became owners and June 21, 1861, Shryock became sole owner and for the first time the paper was a financial success. When Gen. M. D. Leggett and Col. J. C. Douglass returned from the army they purchased the Courier, and took possession November 15, 1865; T. J. Newman secured a one-third interest, July 1, 1866, and in May, 1868, Gen. Leggett sold his interest to John H. Dodd,. the firm being Douglass, Newman and Dodd. January 1, 1872, Newman and Dodd purchased Col. Douglass' interest upon his appointment as city postmaster, and this firm continued the publication until 1876, when R. B. Brown purchased a portion of Dodd's interest, and the firm of Newman, Dodd and Brown were publish- ers until 1889 when the Courier Company was incorporated and organized with T. J. Newman, president; L. E. Dodd, vice president; J. H. Dodd, secretary and treasurer; R. B. Brown, business manager.

For many years the office was in a three-story brick building, in the rear of the building at the northeast corner of Main street and Court alley, and upon the completion of the Opera block the plant was moved to the basement and the first and second floors of the rooms at the southeast corner ot Fifth street and Fountain alley, and in 1889 moved into its own building at the northwest corner of Fourth street and Locust alley. The present directors of the company are: John Hoge, president; Rk. B. Brown, secretary and treasurer; Joseph Shaw, G. A. Stanbery and ©. F. McKinney.

The City Times

September 1, 1852, Jacob Glessner and John b. Roberts began the issue of The Citv Times, ina frame building on the east side of Fifth street, midway of the block from Main street to Locust alley ; the paper was a non-partisan, weekly folio, printed on the first steam press brought to Zanesville, and between the words of the title was displayed a view of the "Y" bridge. In 1853 Alr. Roberts was appointed postmaster, and \Ir. Glessner became sole proprietor, and in 1857 moved to the southeast corner of \lain and Fifth streets; in 1864 he sold to George H. Logan, who was shortly after joined by John H. Dodd, and after a little more than a year they sold to Cooper. Evans and Ehrman; a similar interval witnessed the succession of "Governor" John Greiner, who transferred the property to a \lr. Lee and he to R. C. Brown; W. W. Pyle obtained title from Brown, and published the paper about five vears, and was succeeded by FE. Z. Hayes, the publication, in the meantime, having been moved to the \laginnis block, and latter to a frame building at the corner of Fountain and Court allevs.

During the spring of 1876 the Weekly City Times was discontinued and The Sunday Times was issued until November, when the Daily Times was presented; in February, 1877, the paper was suspended by reason of the destruction of the buildine by fire, and June 12, 1877, The Daily Morning Times was resumed by a cooperative association of practical printers, composed of W. W. Pyle, E. R. Sullivan, D. P. and Edward Mercer, Alonzo Shoemaker and Harry MM. Parsons, under the name of the Times Publishing Company; Pyle was editor and Sullivan was business manager, and August 16, the weekly edition was resumed, A non-partisan policy was pursued until the gubernatorial campaign of 1879, when the republican cause was espoused with such energy that the former democratic majorities in the county were eliminated and the party became conscious that a new and aggressive champion had appeared in its behalf. D. P. Mercer, Shoemaker and Edward Mercer successively sold their interest to Sullivan and Parsons, as partners, and in October, 1881, Pyle, as the only independent interest, retired.

In 1883, the publication was transferred to a company composed of W. E. Krebs, W. H. Cunningham, jr., Thomas Campbell and Thomas E. Taylor, who issued the paper until January 1, 1885, when Jesse Atwell, who held a chattel mortgage on the property, consolidated the Daily and Weekly Times with the Weekly Recorder, published by Edward Spencer, and the Weekly District Visitor, published by Rev. W. Al. Acton, the consolidation being issued as The Daily Times- Recorder, and the H'eckly Times Recorder and Visitor. In less than a month Atwell and Acton withdrew, and January 1, 1886, a stock company, stvled The Times Recorder Company, purchased the establishment, and Spencer was made editor and D. J. Richards, business manager, and the word Visitor dropped from the weekly. January 1, 188g, Spencer severed his connection, and the financial acumen of Richards became manifest; under his able management the paper was installed in permanent rooms in south Fifth street, nearly opposite where the City Times was first issued, now more than half a century ago, and the plant has been equipped with modern machinery and devices to produce a first class morning paper.

Prsesvilee Se Sons News

The first issue of the Sunday .\ cas appeared in July, 1883. with William E. Krebs and John Miller as publishers ; the office was in \laginnis block, and six months latter Miller's interest was purchased by Edward F. Faller. Several changes in proprietorship occurred and \W. A. Hopkins, John F. Tracy, Charles E. Addison and C. R. Long became interested at different times. The latter's interest was as a creditor, and he took possession under a chattel mortgage. and February 8, 1888, sold the paper to Charles U. Shrvock, who moved the publication to his printing office at southwest corner of Fifth street and Fountain alley. Originally the Sunday News was an independent journal, but Shrvock converted it into an independent republican newspaper. and the paper prospered under the energy and ability which backed it. In 1895 Shryock sold the publication to the Times- Recorder Company, which changed the name to The Sunday Times Recorder, but the enterprise did not flourish, and in July, 1898, was sold to Charles E. Barker, who resumed the publication under its former name.

and Calvin D. Myers, of Lodi, succeeded Barker, and the partnership continued until September, 1901, when Myers retired, and Elsperman has since conducted the paper ; under the management of Elsperman and Myers the publication became a valuable property, and since Mr. Elsperman has had possession it has largely increased in value; although a strictly local paper it has a wide circulation outside the city, and agencies are established in thirty-one other towns and cities.

The Zanesviele Penny Press

was the pioneer penny daily of the Muskingum valley, and made its initial appearance April 1, 1891, as a four page evening, independent journal, with W. O. Munson as editor and manager: April 6, 1892, it was enlarged to a seven column, eight page daily, and a weekly edition was begun. January 8, 1897, the Press Publishing Company was incorporated with a capital of $10,000.00, and H. J. Sheppard, MI. D., became president and D. C. Helmick, secretary; W. O. Munson remained as manager, and Ray Dollings, A. W. Evans, W. E. Harris, Harry Leis, C. E. Swingle and others were stockholders. Mr. Munson died during September, 1898, and the paper was conducted by Dollings and Helmick, who converted it into a morning daily called the Morning Journal; Helmick purchased Dollings' interest, and upon retiring from the mavoralty in April, 1899, L. H. Gibson became city editor, but in June of that year publication was suspended, and the plant was sold under decree of the court in December, 1899. WEEKLY VISITOR .\ND HOME MONITOR.

In 1880 Rev. W. A. Acton, pastor of the \lethodist Episcopal church, at Frazevsburg, began the publication of the District Visitor, and in the fall of 1881 was assigned to the charge of the South street church, at Zanesville; his paper was moved to Zanesville, and published from the office of E. R. Sullivan, in south Fourth street. where it was enlarged to a seven column folio, and the name changed to the [Veekly Visitor and Home Monttor. In September, 1882, a substantial increase was secured to the capital of the concern, and the publication moved into its own rooms in the second floor of the Shinnock block, where the form was changed to a five column quarto and the subscription list was more than doubled. Politically, the paper was independent; religiously, it was non-sectarian, but it advocated personal morality. condemned public corruption, and attacked the liquor traffic; it did not demand legislation, but the enforcement of existing statutes. In 1882 cash prizes were offered for temperance stories written by subscribers, and many competitive

Many cherished hopes and much of "other peoples' money" have been lost in the journalistic waters at Zanesville, and scarcely more than a memory remains of them.

The Dial was started during the 'eighties by parties from Wheeling and even their names are forgotten, but it is not possible that the parties have forgotten their experience. The Sunday Herald was issued for a few weeks from an office in Putnam. The Sunday Star was established about 1887, by Harvey J. Abbott and Pius Badgett and survived about four years. The Daily Democrat appeared August 18, 1879, projected by W. V. Cox, W. L. Maginnis and W. C. Crawley, and suspended October 31, of that year. The Daily Era, a democratic journal, published by W. L. Maginnis, W. C. Crawley and George C. Thompson, was issued March 24, 1880; July 28. 'Thompson and Crawley retired and were succeeded by O. K. White, John F. Tracy and T. J. Maginnis, jr.; October 26th, the two Maginnis retired and the paper went into the possession of a receiver, who continued its publication, with White and Tracy in charge, until November 29, 1880, when it suspended.

Labor Journal

The Zanesville Labor Journal was established in January, 1892, by Campbell & Sebaugh, the paper becoming the successor of the Zanesville Sunday Star. In 1894 the paper was sold to Faller Brothers, and the publication continued by them for about a year, when it was discontinued. In 1896 the Journal was revived as a monthly, and about a year later was purchased by Charles H. Sebaugh, who again made it a weekly publication in its present form. Februarv 1, 1903, Neil M. Beckley & Sons became proprietors by purchasing Sebaugh's interest and are the present owners and publishers. Under the management of the present firm the Labor Journal has become firmly established and recognized as one of the standard labor periodicals of the country,

The Weekly Advocate

John T. Shryock began the issue of The Farimer's and Mechanic's Advocate, May 20, 1870, and in 1873 changed the name to The Weekly Advocate, in the interest of the brevity of title, and began the issue of a daily, which continued six months and was suspended during the panic of 1873; the Advocate was begun as an independent paper, designed to inform its readers upon political questions, but in 1872, espoused the cause of the liberal republican ticket, advocated currency reform and protection to American industries. Mr. Shryock had peculiar opinions about newspaper publications, and was accustomed to publish campaign papers in support of principles to which he did not wish to commit his regularly issued paper; one of these, The Greenbacker, in 1876, had an extensive circulation, especially in Perry county, and the practice was followed in other campaigns. The Advocate was published on the west side of Fifth street, near Market, and died with the proprietor, in 1892.

The Zanesville Post The Western Recorder

is tne only German paper published in southeastern Ohio: the first issue appeared March 28, 1272, with Adolph Schneider as editor, and for five years it was published from the Courier building, then in Court alley, opposite the court house. The publication was then removed to the east side of Sixth street, near South, and in 1895 was taken over by a stock company, and since 18¢9 has been printed by C. U. Shrvock. It is strictly nonpartisan in politics, and has a fair subscription list. THE WESTERN RECORDER was first published at Meadow Farm, six miles west of Zanesville, the residence of the editor, Rev. Cornelius Springer: the initial number appeared July 18, 1833. and in 1845 it passed to A. H. Bassett, who removed the publication to Putnam, where it became so prominent and influential as an organ of the Methodist Protestant church that in 1855 it was transferred to Springfield, Ohio, and developed into a powerful religious journal,

A decade or more ago Zanesville acquired an unenviable reputation by the publication of alleged papers under such titles as The Rural Era, The National Shepherd, and similar aliases, not now readily recalled, and of no moment except as records of deceit. In fact the papers were advertising media of the publisher, who carried his own address, under various names, and at different towns, to exploit schemes to fleece the unwary, and the number of such persons was ample to reward him liberally. The National Express Company was conducted as a scheme, the Zanesville office notifying persons at distant points that a package had been deposited for transportation upon which the charges must be prepaid before shipment, and remittance by the alleged addressee closed the incident; a soap powder, for making soft soap instantly was not a swindle, but a deception, and high grade poultry eggs from the commonest stock were among the allurements presented in the flashy advertisements. At last the National authorities "pinched" the operator who

The Dresden Transcript

Dresden has possessed a newspaper since 1838, although the publication has at times been interrupted; July 30, 1838, A. Deffenbaugh began the issue of the Dresden Chronicle, which was published until 1842, when the name was changed to Journal, which was suspended about 1844. John W. Wallace issued one number of the Visitor in 1848, and the field remained uncultivated until 1850, when Wallace and Agnew began the Advocatc, which was continued about two years when the senior partner died, and a Mr. Sygford took an interest, and the name was changed to The Intelligencer, and was issued regularly until 1855, when Bently Gill became owner and in 1877 sold to M. B. Lovett, under whom it suspended. Another interval of inactivity occurred until 1868, when T. W. Peacock and Son established the Dresden Monitor, which was sold a year later to J. A. Jackson, and it passed successively to L. M! Murphy, W.-H. Conklin and J. T. Shryock; the latter gave the paper life and published it two years, and sold to John W. Martin, and was published as the Herald for six months. Meantime the Dresden Doings, a fortnightly quarto, was established in 1874, by James W. Wheeling, and for a short time Dresden possessed two papers; in September, 1878, the Doings was sold to W. E. Smith, who changed it to a weekly and issued it until 1879. The Dresden Transcript succeeded the Doings, and continues to furnish the news to a paying subscription list.

The Good Citizen was established at Dresden, about 1900, as a four page weekly, with G. E. Stubbins as editor, but became extinct soon after for lack of support from the good citizens it professed to champion.

About 1880, Edward Spencer established The Telephone, an educational monthly, at Adamsville, and in 1889 started the Adamsville Register, as a four page, seven column weekly, which was sold in 1892 to E. C. Jordan.

The Federalist was edited at Frazeysburg, about 1875, by C. E. F. Miller, the printing being done at Dresden; it was a small sheet, and was discontinued after a struggle of about three months. The Midland was started at Frazeysburg, August 29, 1889, as a five column, eight page paper, devoted to literature, news and local matter, with Rev. C. B. Downs, as managing editor: A. B. Clark, Newark, as assistant editor ; D. H. Lewis as general business manager, but its existence was brief. About 1890 The Fraseysburg Advertiser made its debut upon the journal-

The Independent, at Roseville, was established about 1888, by George Stull, as an independent weekly newspaper, and subsequent proprietors were Charles Gibson, - - Ryland, Laura B. Poe, W. H. Goodlive and a company which later sold to George Stine, who made it a republican organ; it is an ably edited, handsome paper, in prosperous condition, and possesses a plant of the best character to be found in a rural paper.

The Review at Roseville was established about 1895, by H. C. Williams, who still conducts it as an eight page weekly democratic organ, and like its local cotemporary, is well equipped for newspaper work.

Knights Of Ivanhoe, Harrison Ball, 1840 Primitive Amusements

The early settlers were often required to combine work and play, and they did it so successfully that although the amusement was rough in comparison with modern methods it was none the less enjovable, and was more calculated to produce social pleasures tnan our ready made style of purchasing amusement at so much per plate or seat. There were no ready made suits in those days, cotton and woolen goods were expensive and spinning and weaving were household necessities and accomplishments; sheep and flax were raised and the products were mixed to form the "'linsev-woolsey" which was worn by both sexes; young men and women met to scotch the flax, which consisted in breaking the straw and separating the woody matter from the fibre, after which a dance concluded the labor.

Corn huskings, log raisings, hog killing and sausage making were all occasions for merriment, the neighbors joining to assist each other in the work. Sewing carpet rags for the weaver was another opportunity for an evening's enjoyment ; the men cut the strips and the women sewed them into ribbons; the tongue could wag in time with the scissors and needle, and as many hours were given to dancing and games as were spent in the industry, the latter usually beginning during the afternoon so that the time after a "supper" could be devoted to recreation. Sitting up with the dead was not marked by sport, but served to permit the young people to pass a night together in the enjoyment of each others' society in a manner that no other occasion allowed ; the low tones in which the conversation was conducted afforded the opportunities that were frequently availed of to say eventful words.

Fourth Of July Celebrations

From almost the birth of the county the residents of Muskingum have recognized the day as one to be observed with special festivities and ceremonies, and in the consumption of explosives, the creation of noise, and indulgence in flights of oratory, they have never been restrained by a fear that the inimitable epigram of John Phoenix might be applied to them that they were "invincible in peace and invisible in war.'

The county has too proud and glorious a record to not have the right to celebrate the day with fervor and appreciation, because its sons helped to make the day, and maintain it. Among the pioneers were many impoverished soldiers of the Revolution, ranking from private to brigadier, from the hard contested fields of that prolonged and dispiriting war, whose sufferings and discomforts in the military camp had hardened them to sustain the privations of the frontier, with patience and perseverance. When the call for men for the second contest with the mother country was issued, Muskingum sent some of her best men to the bloody fields of Missinewa and the then northwest. When President Lincoln's first call for troops to defend the flag was made, Muskingum enlisted a company, and on the third day after the call it was on the cars en route to the National capital, as an integral part of the First Ohio cavalry, and during that eventful struggle her quota was never unfilled and her sons lie in every field from the Potomac and the Ohio, to the Gulf, and filled every military position from the musket and sabre to the star. When the recent war with Spain occurred she sent a battery of artillery and a company of infantry among the first to report for service. Therefore, the people of Muskingum can consistently rejoice on the natal day ae the Republic, for which she has done so much.

In selecting the occasions, to be preserved as historical, the first and the centennial have been chosen as the most prominent; the former was attended by nearly every person in the county ; the latter by a large majority of its citizens.

The First 4Th Of July

THE FIRST 4TH OF JULY. was perhaps the most universally attended of anv of the celebrations of the day that have been observed; the county had not yet been formed and the attendance included nearly every person tributary to Zanesville. July 4, 1800, the town contained about half a dozen log cabins: West Zanesville, or Westbourne, was a much more pretentious place, while South Zanesville, or Natchez, excited the envy of its neighbors by its air of greatness. The two larger settlements could not admit the superiority of the rival as the point at which the

Fas D Sand Presen I. Oh

Gen. Green's Tavern was selected as the place, a one and a half story double cabin, with a hall through the middle and a porch across the front. and which stood at the intersection of Main and Silliman streets, in the rear of the present St. Nicholas church.

Lumber was brought by McIntire from Beverly and Waterford in boats tor the construction of tables, which were erected in a bower in front of the house, and seats were provided by logs split from shellbark hickory trees. Mrs. McIntire was an active, moving spirit in the affair, and she and the women of the three.towns furnished pewter cups, tin plates, etc.; the men provided bear meat, wild turkeys, etc. ; Green supplied coffee and flour, and whisky came from several sources; Henry Crooks, the ferryman, sent the roast pig, without which the viands, by the frontier standard, would have been incomplete.

Entire families came from distances of twenty miles, and the program began with the reading of the Declaration of Independence, by Joseph F. Monroe, after which dinner was served; toasts and speeches succeeded, ana the toasts were more numerous than the responses. In the evening dancing was enjoyed until 4 a. m., the tables remaining spread all the time that the dancers might eat and drink at pleasure.

Centenial Celebration

Some time previous to July 4. 1876, a public meeting was called in the Mavor's office, then in the west room of the market building, and now used as Council chamber, where a general committee was selected, and in an article entitled

"We are aware that it is somewhat difficult to bestow praise where it is most deserved, or to estimate in words the service of all who contributed to occasions of this kind, but our readers will agree with us that Capt. Frederick Geiger, more than to any one man are we indebted for the mammoth celebration of the 4th. Capt. Geiger, as president of the general committee, devoted a good part of his time for two weeks proceeding the 4th to working up the matter, and with Mayor

Gibson (C, Ge J. W. McCormick, Frederick Helbig, F. J. Korte and W. R. Hazlett. treasurer of the committee, collected the funds to defray expenses. John R. Stonesipher, secretary of the general committee, J. Hope Sutor and R. S. Mershon, of the committee on processions, rendered valuable aid."

The celebration began the day before with the firing of giant crackers, and the swishing of rockets ; business houses and residences were profusely decorated with evergreens, flags, bunting, pictures and mottoes; the bell from the old court house had been mounted to announce the birth of the second century of National existence, and when its familiar silver tones were heard every bell in the city joined in the glad acclaim, cannon belched their welcome and the body of celebrants, called Filibusters, paraded the streets in nondescript costume, making as much noise as possible.

The morning was showery, and as the streets were then unpaved the marching was difficult and wearing, but not a man hesitated, as all were anxious, not only that the procession should eclipse anything previously attempted, in local annals, but to have the distinction of having been in the parade, and although the line of march was long the procession experienced difficulty in clearing itself, on account of its length, especially on the counter march. The parade formed on Market street, Fifth and Sixth streets, and moved west on Market to Third, to Main, to Seventh, to Market, to Underwood, to Elm, to Seventh, to North, to Fifth, to South, to Seventh, to Marietta, to Eighth, to Main, to Third, countermarched to Seventh, and returned to Fourth to the speakers' stand, erected at Fountain alley, as far as possible from the piles of material collected for the erection of the new court house, which was then under way.

The parade was composed of the following features and bodies: City volice force, Lieut. William Linton, commanding; wagon containing thirteen young ladies, representing the original states; officers and orators of the day, in carriages ; wagon containing thirty-eight voung ladies representing the existing states of the Union; Liberty car, with the Goddess of Liberty on a throne under a canopy; Zanesyille City Guards. 30 men, Capt. Frederick Geiger, commanding; New Concord Silver Cornet band; Cyprus Commandery, No. 10, Knights Templars, 33 men. George Foerster, captain general, commanding: Martial band; McIntire Lodge, No. 38. 'Knights of Pythias. 24 men, J. Hope Sutor, captain, commanding ; Zane Lodge, No. 30, A. O. U. W., 25 men, M. C. Mitchell, marshal; Odd Fellows, 80 men, Harry Shrimpton, marshal; Bauer's band: German Benevolent Society, 15 men, Fred Helbig. president : Order of Druids, 25 men, Chris. Sturtz, marshal; St. Patrick's cornet band; St. Patrick's Benevolent and Literary Society, 20 men, W. T. Mayer, marshal; Zanesville cornet band; St. Nicholas Benevolent Society, 43 men, C. Heihl. marshal ; St. Aloysius Benevolent Societv, 20 men, John Heilman, marshal: Newark Knights of St. George, 23 men, John Gorius, captain; Zanesville Knights of St. George, 20 men, H. L. Korte,

And Present Of Muskingum

COUNTY. 111 captain; Neptune Fire Company; City Fire Department; Muskingum cornet band; Knights of Ivanhoe, 24 knights, 18 heralds, 12 pages, W. H. Clarke, knight commanding; Aborigines, in war paint, mounted; Putnam cornet band; Filibusters, exhibiting Barnum's curiosity shop; the celebrated Zanesville stone crusher, Cincinnati Light Guard's medicine wagon, Freedmen's Bureau. on a moonlight excursion, Centennial band, with tin horns, Smoked 'Knights, on ideal ponies, and other well conceived burlesques, farces and local travesties.

The procession was very compact and reached considerable over a mile in length; everywhere the streets were packed with spectators, and every person seemed to effervesce with patriotic sentiment and to desire to express it in words, action and noise. About 10:30 the head of the column reached the speakers' stand, where an immense crowd had gathered, but few of the marchers remained to hear the addresses as the fatigue was excessive and each man sought a resting place.

Hon. L. P. Marsh presided; the New Concord band opened the exercises with music, after which Rev. A. D. Hawn made an invocation. Hon. T. J. Maginnis read the Declaration of Independence and Col. W. H. Ball delivered one of his eloquent addresses. At noon a salute of 38 guns was fired from Putnam Hill, under the direction of Capt. John W. (Cob) Wallace, and in the afternoon picnics were held at Gibbons' Grove, Gant Park, and the Fair Grounds, at which latter point the Knights of Ivanhoe held a tournament. which is elsewhere described.

No institution of the last generation had more prominence during its brief existence than the Knights of Ivanhoe, an organization of the leading young men of the city, to revive the chivalric amusements of the period of knighthood. The organization was suggested by Mr. W. H. Clarke, and _ skillful horsemanship was essential to the sport.

The tilting course was 150 vards in length; the starting point was 75 vards from the first of a series of four arches, erected twenty-five yards apart, each seven and one-half feet high from the ground to the crown of the arch, from which hung a ring two inches in diameter. The riding knight carried a lance, seven and one-half feet in length. balanced at four feet from the point, and carried at the balance.

At the signal, by bugle. to "charge," the knight rode his horse at its highest speed under the arches. and picked off as many rings as possible, the limit of time from the scoring point to the last arch being thirteen seconds. Each knight was allowed three tilts in succession, and at the end of each he rode to the judges' stand and delivered his rings upon his lance to the judges, who announced the number, and the time as determined by the stop watches of the time keepers.

The rules designated that the knight successful in securing the greatest number of rings should be »rivileged to name the lady who was to reign as "The Queen of Love and Beauty" of the festival, and the three knights securing the next highest number of rings should name three ladies as respectively "The First, Second and Third Maids of Honor" to the Queen.

Twenty-seven knights participated in the five tournaments which were held; of these eight rode in all: five rode in four; two rode in three; eight road in two and four rode in one. The field tittles of the knights were:

The first joust was held at the County Fair Grounds, in commemoration of the Centennial Fourth of July, 1876, when twenty-two knights entered the lists for the honor of naming the lady of his choice for laurels of the day: John J. Ingalls was master of ceremonies; Henry Blandy, James Buckingham and Col. M. Churchill were judges, and A. W. Train and T. J. Barton, M. D.., were timekeepers. Fully 3,500 people witnessed the tests of speed and skill, and enjoyed the dazzling scene of rich and beautiful costumes and trappings, notwithstanding the other attractions and festivities of the day. The rain of the morning had made the track heavy and slippy, but at I p. m. the Knights, heralds. and pages passed down the lists and presented themselves before Hon. M. M. Granger, who delivered the charge; upon the conclusion of this ceremony the knights and attendants repaired to the starting point and awaited the command of the master of ceremonies, "Knight of the Silver Cross, prepare to charge;" the heralds repeated this down the lists and a moment later the order rang out "Charge, Sir Knight!" the bugle sounded, and a horse and rider separated from the assembly of mounted men and dashed down the track. The knights rode in the following order:

Ingalls secured ten rings and the honor of naming the queen; Stewart and Clarke tied each other with nine rings, and in a tilt to break the tie again tied with two rings, but in the succeeding tilt Clarke won four and Stewart two rings and Clarke was privileged to name the first maid and Stewart the second; Kaemmerer having the next highest, or eight rings, named the third maid.

At this point a bugle sounded and an unknown knight, attended by his 'squire, slowly rode down the track and challenged the right of Ingalls to select the queen, and he was obliged to defend his title; each tilted three times which resulted in the unknown, who proved to be Eugene J. Brown, securing ten rings and Ingalls nine. The victors then laid their trophies at the feet of their chosen ladies and gallantly escorted them to the stand for coronation, as follows:

Hon. Frank H. Southard delivered the crowning address and presented the coronets, and upon the conclusion of the ceremony the queen and her maids were escorted to their homes by the knights, heralds and pages. :

A second tourney was held at Zanesville, on the second day of the county fair, October 4, 1876, which was attended by about 7,000 persons. <A street parade was held in the city and at 2:30 p. m. the knights appeared before Rev. A. D. Hawn for the charge. The track was in splendid condition and the knights rode in the

Clarke and Kaemmerer each secured nine rings and tilted again, when Kaemmerer won the first prize and Clarke second; .Applegate, Douthett and Patterson tied each other with eight rings and again tilted and Applegate and Douthett again tied, and again tilted in which Applegate won third prize and Douthett fourth.

At this juncture an unknown knight, attended by his 'squire, appeared and challenged the victor's right to the first prize, and was escorted to the starting point for a trial tilt over the course; he took only one ring and was obliged to raise his visor and was recognized as C. C. Ingalls, the losing victor in the preceding tourney. In the three regular tilts he took twelve rings and the contest came between him and Kaemmerer and they tied: in the next tilt Kaemmerer maintained his privilege and named Miss Cuyler, of Brooklyn, New York, as "Queen of Love and Beauty," and A\lisses Guthrie, Cora Black and Richards were named maids of honor. Allen Miller delivered the coronation address and at the conclusion the cavalcade of knights and attendants escorted the ladies to their homes.

The third joust was held at Zanesville, July 4. 1877. at the County Fair Grounds; the weather was delightful and about 5,000 persons were in attendance. Rev. W. P. Shrom delivered the charge to the knights and J. J. Ingalls was Master of ceremonies; FE, j.-Terry, R. 5. Mershon and W. E. Guthrie were judges and Henry Bimple and T. J. Barton, \I. D., were time keepers. The knights rode in the following order:

Kaemmerer and Waller tied with eleven rings, and a second tilt gave Kaemmerer four and Waller three, when the latter magnanimously waived his privilege in favor of Warner, the onehanded knight. Ingalls, Dennis and Lynn tied with ten rings and Ingalls and Dennis won the honors of naming the second and third maids.

The unknown knight was impersonated by W. H. Clarke and was unsuccessful in wresting from Kaemmerer the honor he had so valiantly won. Miss Zella Allen was named the "Queen of Love and Beauty," and Misses Nellie Hayward, Laura Cornell and Jennie Smith were respectively

County, 113

COUNTY, 113 named the first, second and third maids of honor. The ladies were then seated in an open carriage and attended by the knights, esquires and pages, preceded by the New Concord Silver Cornet Band, were escorted to their homes.

The crowning exercises were held in Black's Music Hall, at 8:30 p. m., and a brilliant scene was presented upon raising the curtain; the queen entered upon the arm of her knight, and attended by her maids, and ascended the throne; the other knights were attended by ladies and the tableau was beautiful to perfection. Hon. John O'Neill delivered the crowning address, and he never spoke more eloquently nor with more grace and feeling.

The fame of the knights extended to other points and requests for their attendance were numerous, and only two were complied with. The fourth tourney was held at Lancaster, August 8, 1877, and a hearty welcome and recognition were given the visitors; the trains on both railroads brought in large numbers of people, among whom were many Zanesville citizens who were not only admirers of the sport but proud of the organization and wished to do it honor in the presence of strangers. The streets were decorated and lined with spectators to witness the parade, which started at 10:30 a. m. for the Fair Grounds; the track was circular at every point and the most difficult of any used by the knights at any point, as the body of the rider had to be carried at an inclination at every point of the tilt.

Gen. Newton Schleich delivered the charge to the knights and at 1:40 p. m. the joust began with J. J. Ingalls.as master of. ceremonies. R.-S. \Iershon wore the ermine alone and James Buckingham and W. E. Guthrie counted the fleeting seconds. The knights rode in the following order :

Ingalls, Turner and Hunter tied each other with ten rings and again tilted three times, when Ingalls earned ten rings to three for each of the others, who again tilted and Turner secured three to two for Hunter. Waller, Clarke and Bell tied each other with seven rings, and upon a fourth tilt Waller and Bell again tied with four rings, and on another tilt Waller won four and Bell three rings. Ingalls was, therefore, declared the victor with the right to designate the queen, and Turner, Hunter and Waller as the knights to name the maids of honor, but the latter, as on a former occasion, assigned his privilege to Warner, the one-handed knight. At this point, L. Kaemmerer, as the unknown knight, entered the lists and challenged the victor, and in the seven tilts which followed was unable to defeat his antagonist, securing twenty-two rings to twentythree to the credit of Ingalls. The ladies selected were Miss Maggie Wynkoop, of Hudson, New York, as "Queen of Love and Beauty," and Misses Jennie McNeil, Ella Carlisle and Lizzie Latta, of Lancaster, as respectively the first, second and third maids of honor; the coronation address was delivered by Hon. Charles D. Martin and the procession was reformed and escorted the ladies to their homes in the city.

The Columbus Cadets, headed by their own band, acted as escort to the knights and a parade was had through the principal streets of the East End; the judges were R. S. Mershon, of Zanesville; John G. Thompson, of Columbus, and Captain George N. Stone, of Cincinnati; and the time keepers were M. H. Neil and T. F. West, of Columbus. The charge to the knights was delivered by Hon. DeWitt C. Jones, and was a masterpiece of chivalric expression.

Kaemmerer secured ten rings and the distinction of naming the queen; Hunter and Wells each obtained nine rings and the tie was broken in favor of Wells, and Lynn won eight, but being a benedict relinquished his honors to Warner, the one-handed knight. C. C. Ingalls represented the unknown knight, but in the contest which followed with the successful knight in the regular joust, he secured an aggregate of twelve rings to nineteen by Kaemmerer, who maintained his victory. Miss Mary Case was designated as "(Queen of Love and Beauty," and Misses Belle Gardner, Libbie Holt and Florence Todd as the maids of honor, and the crowning address was delivered by Hon. S. K. Donavon, and the fair ladies were then escorted to their homes.

Many distinguished statesmen and lovers of athletic sports were in attendance and the compliments upon the skill and courteous bearing of the Knights were profuse. In the evening a sumptuous banquet was served to the Knights at Stevenson's dining rooms and the tournaments of the Knights of Ivanhoe became a memory.

The skill required' to secure the rings and the speed attained by the riders, is deserving of consideration. The 150 yards were required to be covered in not more than thirteen seconds, or at a speed of one mile in two and one-half minutes: the average time was ten seconds, or a mile in less than two minutes. Good running horses were necessary, and to secure the animals' best efforts, guide them under the arches and at the same time insert the lance into a ring two inches in diameter, at intervals of two seconds demanded a keen eye and steady hand in addition to the other equestrian accomplishments.

Harrison Ball Of 1840

The political campaign of 1840 is historic, especially in the West, and in the great whig procession of July 4, 1840, at Zanesville, the whigs of Jefferson township brought an immense, hollow ball, built at Dresden, and drawn by four black horses. It was a perfect sphere, thirteen feet in diameter, emblematical of the thirteen original states, covered with painted canvass and revolved in an axle through the center and supported on a frame, constructed for the purpose, and adapted to be placed on an ordinary wagon.

The ground color of the ball was light cream and of the frame, black; a broad, sky-blue band encircling the equator, the space south of it being divided into thirteen parts for the original states and that north into a similar number for the corresponding number of new states; the dividing stripes were red with green lines on each side. On the blue equator in large white letters was the inscription: "Revolutions never go backward, Harrison, Tyler, Corwin, Reform."

Brown bands were also drawn at the arctic and antarctic circles; on the former, in white letters: "The Whigs of Dresden, M. C. O., to the Whigs of the Union, Greeting: Keep the Ball Rolling." Within the arctic circle, in large, black letters, was inscribed: ''Columbus, the capital of Ohio," and in smaller letters: "Out with the spoilers. Down with tyrants. Up with the State House and Corwin, Tip and Tyler."

On the antarctic band, in similar letters was: "Credit and Commerce. No Subterfuges," and within the circle, in large, black letters: "District of Columbia," and within that, in smaller letters : "The Heart of the Republic Throbs High for Liberty. She Sounds the Alarm. Out With the Vandals."

Around each pole a small space was painted black, and the remainder of the ball was devoted to the inscriptions of the state, the old states being thus inscribed : .

After the festivities of the day, the whigs of Jefferson township presented the ball to the Central Tippecanoe Club of Zanesville, with the request that it be kept rolling; the donors were assured that their desire should be complied with, and it was effectually carried out, and the ball sent to all the principal whig meetings throughout the country and finally landed at the home of Henry Clay, at Lexington, Kentucky.

Building Companies, Ohio Safe Deposit Company

FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, COMPRISINGS BANKS, MUSKINGUM BANK, FRANKLIN BANK, MUSKINGUM BRANCH BANK, FIRST NATIONAL BANK, OLD CITIZENS' NATIONAL BANK, UNION NATIONAL BANK, COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK, SECURITY TRUST AND SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY, DEPOSIT BANK OF C. C. RUSSELL & CO. PEOPLE'S SAVINGS BANK, GUARDIAN TRUST AND SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY, ZANESVILLE AND AMERICAN BANKS, HOME BUILDING COMPANY AND ANTECEDENT COMPANIES, HOMESTEAD BUILDING AND SAVINGS COMPANY AND ANTECEDENT COMPANIES, EQUITABLE BUILDING COMPANY, MUSKINGUM BUILDING COMPANY, WEST AND SOUTH ZANESVILLE, WORKINGMEN'S, MECHANIC'S, BUCKEYE AND CITY BUILDING COMPANIES, ECONOMY, FARMERS' AND CITIZENS' BUILDING COMPANIES, OHIO SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY.

Some practical lessons in finance may be learned by studying the methods practiced in the early davs of Zanesville; they were not peculiar to the town, but arose from the necessities which prevailed in all localities. Money is needed only where business is done and commodities are exchanged in quantities greater than the parties to the exchange require for personal use. Barter was prevalent in the early davs and merchants exchanged their stock for other goods, but small money was required for change, etc., and as coin was scarce, individuals, firms and corporations issued paper money called "'shinplasters." They were issued in denominations of a fip (61-4 cents), a levy (12 1-2 cents), a bit (25 cents), two bits (50 cents) and three bits (75 cents). Rival merchants hoarded the issues of competitors, strung them on a thread and when a sum was obtained that would embarrass the issuer to redeem, they were presented and payment demanded; frequently this unexpected claim worked ruin to the issuer, as bank notes were difficult to secure. Such money was capital to the issuer and he desired the notes to circulate, and their withdrawal was a source of irritation to the solvent issuer, but as they were so universally emitted their value was never known and much was worthless and never was redeemed.

A secret political society, of which Samuel Goff was president, and called the Round Rig Society, issued notes with the emblem of the order, a spade enclosed in a circle, printed on one side. The organization was in affiliation with the French revolutionists, and introduced by Genet, the French minister, who threatened President

"6 1-4 cents. Treasurer of the town of Zanesville, pay the bearer, in current bank notes, six and one-fourth cents on the presentation of orders amounting to five dollars. Zanesville, May 27 O37. "[saxc SPANGLER, President."

Before the days of banks, merchants going East, went in parties for mutual protection, with their money in saddle bags, and sometimes coin was shipped in barrels in which hot beeswax had heen run and the coin imbedded, the barrel being sent by road teams over the mountains as freight.

The early banking interests of Zanesville and Putnam were identical; whatever rivalry may have existed in other lines of business there was none in banking and Zanesville capital was freely subscribed for Putnam men to handle; it is very probable that in this respect the dashing Virginian recognized the superiority of the prudent, methodical Yankee, was the first financial organization of the county and was incorporated by the General Assembly, February 12, 1812, while Zanesville was still the state capital, but nine days later the Legislature adjourned and the city fell from the eminence of a state capital to the common place of a county seat. As the state treasurer's office was vacated the incorporators asked and were granted permission to occupy it as a banking room, but for some reason, not learned, it was not used and about September the bank was opened in the Burnham Tavern in Putnam, with Isaac Van Horne as president, and Ebenezer Granger as cashier, with Ebenezer Buckingham, A. M. Laughlin, John Mathews, Wyllvs Silliman, Robert Fulton, Jeffrey Price, Joseph F. Munro, A. H. Wood, John McIntire, J. Hazlett, M. Dillon and Arius Nye as stockholders.

January 4, 1819, David J. Marple, who had succeeded to the cashiership, disappeared with a large sum of money and on the gth Horace Nve was deputized and given credentials to search for Marple, who was found and returned to Putnam, where he surrendered all his property to benezer Buckingham, president, but the amount was insufficient to make good the deficit and his bondsmen were obliged to pay the remainder. In 1822 Marple constructed a trading boat and freighted it with goods for Texan points and never returned.

\lain and Fifth streets, but no records have been secured to establish the dates; several reverses were sustained, public confidence was impaired and the bank went out of business, but was reorganized about 1829-30, with Ebenezer Buckingham as president and Solomon Sturges as cashier; the degree of solidity it attained is evinced in the fact that during the universal panic of 1837 it and the Bank of Pittsburg, of Dittsburg, were the only two banks in the United States which did not repudiate their paper. In 1845 the bank went out of business, its last officers being Alva Buckingham, president, and B. H. Buckingham, cashier.

Banking rooms were maintained on the site of the Stolzenbach store and Black's Music Hall, in early days, but whether they were locations of the institutions named herein or of other banks, it has been impossible to determine.

The Franklin Bank

The act of the General Assembly of February 24, 1816, "to incorporate the stockholders of the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company" conveyed the power to conduct a bank, but it was never exercised, and the next bank was the Zanesville Bank, which was incorporated by act of the General Assembly, January 13, 1832, and organized with D. W. Rhodes as president and Charles C. Gilbert as cashier: it was succeeded in 1845 by the Franklin Bank, with Daniel Brush as president, John Peters as cashier, and with the following and perhaps others as stockholders: Ebenezer and Alva Buckingham, Solomon and H. Sturges, J. V. Cushing; its rooms were in Fourth street on the site of the present People's Savings Bank, and its business was concluded about 1861-2, before its charter expired, perhaps in consequence of the legislation by the national government respecting state banks.

Muskingum Branch

of the State Bank of Ohio was organized in 1848 with a capital of $100,000.00: H. M. Kearney was president and D. C. Convers, cashier, and when the war occurred it was necessary, to continue the banking business, to organize under the National Banking act, and the Muskingum National Bank was chartered, in 1864, with a capital of $100,000.00, and Daniel Applegate, as president, and D. C. Convers, as cashier : the banking room was in the northwest corner of Main and Fifth streets, familiar for more than 7 seneration as a pharmacy corner: as the stockholders were largely interested in the PirstiNational Bank, the Muskingum National consolidated with its rival and discontinued business January 14, 1871,

Past And Present Of Muskingum First National Bank

A charter was issued October 13, 1863, for the First National Bank of Zanesville, and November 10, 1863, it was formally organized with Peter Black as president, C. C. Russell, cashier, and Joseph Black, John A. Adams, E. E. Fillmore, C. C. Hildreth, M. D., and W.A. Graham, directors. The capital was $100,000.00, but when the Muskingum National consolidated the combined capital of $200,000.00 was continued; the charter was extended in 1883 and again in 1903 and the sterling institution is styled "Zanesville's Grand Old Bank.''

Upon the death of Mr. Black the presidency was given W. A. Graham, July 11, 1878, and he directed the policy of the bank for twenty-five years, survived all his contemporaries and retired from active service January 14, 1903, and was succeeded by Mr. C. Stolzenbach.

Mr. Edward Martin became cashier February 18, 1869, and February 8, 1873, Mr. George H. Stewart was chosen assistant cashier, and January 14, 1874, was made cashier. Upon the retirement of Dr. Graham and the accession of Mr. Stolzenbach, Mr. Stewart was made vice president in addition to cashier, but August 10, 1903, Mr. W. P. Sharer was elected cashier. October 11, 1902, the bank was designated as a United States Depository.

The Old Citizens National Bank

The building in which this strong fiduciary institution is located is the oldest continuous banking room in the citv. The contemplated retirement of the Franklin Bank caused the organization of the Franklin Banking Company, a partnership by Daniel Brush, C. W. Potwin and C. FE. Robins, who opened for business in this building ; in about a vear Robins retired and the firm was Brush and Potwin; later A. V. Smith purchased the Brush interest and the firm was Potwin and Smith. December 13, 1863, the Second National Bank succeeded to the business, with C. W. Potwin as president, and A. V. Smith as cashier, and the voluntary liquidation of the institution, December 15, 1872, has been regarded as a commercial error. The business was continued by A. H. Brown and A. V. Smith, as partners, under the name of the Muskingum Valley Bank, and was discontinued in the panic of 1873, without loss to the creditors; C. W. Potwin and A. V. Smith then associated as C. W. Potwin and Company and conducted a deposit business until July 1, 1881, when the partnership was dissolved, May 11, 1881.

The Citizens National Bank

was organized with a capital of $200,000.00 and the following officers and directors: Joseph T. Gorsuch, president; W. M. Shinnick, vice president; Francis Wedge, Perry Wiles, F. B. Abbott, @harles" His Jones, G. Hy Bauley,a with AjoV. Smith as cashier. January 20, 1885, H. C. Van Voorhis succeeded to the presidency, which he resigned August 2, 1893, upon his election to Congress, but the resignation was not accepted, and as Mr. Shinnick did not desire to be actively engaged in business he resigned the vice-presidency and Willis Bailey was elected in his place, August 4, and acted as president until January 9, 1894, when he was chosen president and Mr. Shinnick again became vice president. June 24, 1895, H. A. Sharpe, who had been assistant cashier, was elected cashier, and September 17, 1808, Secretary of the Treasury Lyman J. Gage designated the bank as a United States depository. Upon the expiration of the charter of the Citizens' National Bank succeeded to the business, May 11, 1901, with the following directors: Willis Bailey, president ; Joseph Shaw, vice president; Charles Brendel, Rufus C. Burton, Samuel A. Weller, John B. Owens, W. W. Harper and S. R. Wells, with H. A. Sharpe as cashier. The banking rooms were thoroughly overhauled and refitted in the most modern style, with the latest appliances for safety and convenience, the business, during the remodeling, being conducted in the treasurer's room in the court house. \Ir. Wells retired from the directory and was succeeded by John F. Brown and upon the death of Willis Bailey, his son, Willis A. Bailev, was elected a director. Mr. Bailey's sudden death, in February, 1905, and Mr. Van Voorhis' long Congressional career terminating March 4, the coincidence of the events caused the re-election of Mr. Van Voorhis, February 13, 1g05, to the presidency of the bank.

The Union National Bank

The Union Bank building is also an old banking location, a private bank having been conducted in it in the late sixties or early seventies. The Union Bank, with $60,000.00 capital, was formed, as a partnership, December 16, 1872, with A. M. Huston as president and John J. Ingalls as cashier; about 1878 the capital was reduced to $32,000.00 and F. J. L. Blandy was elected president; at his death, in 1884, James

Herdman became president, and upon the death of Mr. Ingalls, in February, 1890, W. H. Pierpoint was chosen cashier. The business had been very prosperous and had paid an annual dividend of eight per cent., and when the partnership was dissolved in 1890 a dividend of 77 per cent. of accumulated surplus was distributed. The preparation of the papers for the conversion of the institution into a national bank had been completed prior to the death of Mr. Ingalls and was organized, with a capital of $150,000.00 and the following directors: James Herdman, president; Mendall Churchill, vice president; Albert W. Train, John Hoge, Henry C. Werner, Julius Frank, W. M. Shinnick, Jr., with Edward Martin, cashier, and W. H. Pierpoint, assistant cashier. In January, 1895, at the request of President Herdman, John Hoge was chosen as his successor, and in January, 1903, Mr. Hoge retired, in a similar manner, in favor of W. B. Cosgrave. In May, 1897, Mr. Martin's health became so impaired he resigned and W. H. Pierpoint was chosen cashier, and H. J. W. Smith, assistant cashier. The changes in the directory have been: In Julv, 1891, W. B. Cosgrave succeeded A. W. Train, deceased; in January, 1895, W. M. Bateman was chosen in the place of M. Churchill, removed from the city; in January, 1896, T. J. McDermott succeeded H. C. Werner, removed from the city; in January, 1902, George A. Stanbery was selected in place of James Herdman, deceased; in January, 1905, P. D. McCann succeeded T. J. McDermott. THE COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK.

George Brown, as sole proprietor, opened the Commercial Bank, July 10, 1899, in the rooms of The Equitable Building Company, 508 Main street, and March 22, rgor, obtained a charter for the Commercial National Bank, which was opened for business in the same rooms April ro, IgoI, with a paid-in capital of $100,000.00, and the following directors: J. B. Hunter, president : M. W. Hissey, vice president; George Brown, cashier; H. D. Munson, H. C. Shepherd, A, Alt Sheppard, David Schmid, Samuel E. Perry, Jacob Coplin. In consequence of a change in the control of the stock, on Saturday, January ie 1903, the following directors were chosen: Newton P. Sturtz, president; M. W. Hissey, vice president; C. M. Ludman, Harry Bethel, Harry L. Greiner, Ira L. Sturtz and Arthur J. Sheppard, with John C. Saner, cashier, and Theo. 1D) McCaddon, teller; on the same day the property of the bank was moved to a room in the Times-

Recorder building, in South Fifth street, where business was resumed Monday, January 19; the room at southeast corner of Main and Fifth streets, in former years a well-known banking location, was secured and fitted up in modern style for the bank's occupancy, and in May, 1903, the removal was made.

The Security Trust And Savings Company The Deposit Bank Of C. C. Russell & Company

Charles C. Russell, Thomas L. Jewett and Hugh J. Jewett began business June 15, 1869, as the Deposit Bank of C. C. Russell and Company, at the southeast corner of Main and Fifth streets ; Thomas L. Jewett died and Hugh J. Jewett retired, and March 13, 1880, the firm was C. C. Russell, Thomas Griffith, William Price and Charles M. Gattrell; the death of Mr. Russell did not affect the business, but Mr. Griffith made no provision in his will for a continuance of the enterprise in the interest of his estate, and Wm. Price and C. M. Gattrell, as surviving partners, on August 28, 1894, gave notice that the business would be wound up and that no new business would be received. The liquidation proved tedious and expensive, a receiver was appointed and the courts were engaged fora long time in adjusting the claims which arose by reason of the different periods during which the portners were interested.

The officers were: T. F. Spangle, president ; Willis Bailey, first vice president; C. Stolzenbach, second vice president; William J. Atwell, secretary and cashier.

The history of the bank, as reflected by its annual statements, has been one of constant growth in financial strength and popularity, until it 1s one of the largest savings banks in southeastern Ohio, and one of Zanesville's most substantial institutions. At the close of the fifth vears' business the resources were $263,319.26, and at the last statement $1,069,740.81. It carries accounts with not less than five thousand individuals, and in its fifteen years' history has had no change in its active officers, and only two in its directory.

The present directors are: John Hoge, C. Stolzenbach, T. F. Spangler, Alexander Grant, W. T. Perry, James Buckingham, John C. Harris, George A. Stanbery and William T. Atwell, and the officers are: T. F. Spangler, president; John Hoge, first vice president; C. Stolzenbach, second vice president: William J. Atwell, cashier; Charles T. Atwell, assistant cashier.

The bank began business in one room in the Memorial building, at the corner of Fifth street and Fountain alley, and in 1894 moved to the corner room in the Clarendon building: in 1903 it moved into its own modern five-story brick structure on Fourth street, opposite the court house, and possesses as handsome and well equipped bank and office building as may be found in the state.

was incorporated May 17, 1900, and was formally organized May 29, 1900, at the banking room of the People's Savings Bank, in the Clarendon building, Main and Fourth streets; the paid-in capital was $50,000.00, and the first board of directors were:

John Hoge, president; T. F. Spangler, first vice president and manager; Willis Bailey,,:second vice president; C. Stolzenbach, third vice president; F. A. Durban, general counsel; E. S. Grants S. A. Weller, Us H) Brown, W. W. Harper, W. B. Cosgrave, Joseph Shaw, John C. Harris, George A. Stanley, James Herdman, W. T. Perry. In addition to the officers named William J. Atwell was chosen secretary and treasurer, and Charles T. Atwell, assistant secretary.

Upon the removal of the People's Bank to its modern building, the Trust Company was installed therein, where it acts in all the trust capacities of executor, administrator, guardian, trustee, receiver or assignee.

The only changes which have occurred in the official organization have been occasioned by death: Mr. F. H. Herdman succeeded James Herdman as director, and upon the death of Mr. Bailey, in 1905, the following were made: was opened by John W. King as a personal deposit and discount bank, in 1884, in the room still occupied by the institution, adjoining the People's Savings Bank, in what was formerly the Atheneum building, in Fourth street, opposite the court house. In rg00 Gus Stern and H. M. Eaton purchased the business and have since conduced it as originally started by Mr. King.

The American Bank

was organized January 19, 1903, as a partnership to conduct a deposit and discount bank at No. 508 Main street, in the rooms of the Equitable Building Company; the capital was $15,- 000.00, and the officers were: J. B. Hunter, president: F. C. Dietz, vice president ; George Brown, cashier; H. C. Shepherd, assistant cashier. During the fall of t904 Mr. Brown purchased the interest of his partners and has since conducted the business on personal account.

The Putnam Building, Loan And Savings Association

was incorporated March 2, 1869, and was organized March 17, 1869, with a capital of $200,000.00 in shares of $100.00 each. The first directors were: Henry Jones, president; John Clark, vice president; Perry Wiles, H. Sturges, James Buckingham, J. Randall, J. B. Williams, Caleb D. Caldwell and James C. Gillespie; the other officers were: W. E. Guthrie, secretary, and A. \. Smith, treasurer. The association was of the terminating class and closed business December 1, 1875, and to continue the operations before the dissolution of the Putnam the was organized May 16, 1874, with Henry Jones, president; W. E. Guthrie, secretary, but the remainder of the official list cannot be found, the officers and members were about the same as in the predecessor; this association was of the same class and wound up its affairs in 1880, and the same method of perpetuating the business was followed by organizing the on March 1, 1880, with the following gentlemen as directors: Henry Jones, president; J. B. Allen, vice president; Harvey Darlinton, J. M. Lane, George M. Jewett, W. C. Townsend, J. M. Bonnett, James T. Irvine, John P. Ford. The other officers were: Jefferson Van Horne, secretary ; William Price, treasurer, and John R. Stonesipher, attorney. The business was conducted at (new) number 505 Main street, in the Zane House building, where its successor has remained ; this company was also of the terminating class and closed out its affairs in 1886, and in anticipation thereof another company was formed on the permanent plan and styled the HOME BUILDING AND SAVINGS COMPANY, which was organized June 1, 1886, by the election of the following directors: Henry Jones, president ; Harvey Darlinton, vice president ; John M. Lane, John N. Steiner, John P. Ford, John W. Gates, James H. Alexander, James T. Irvine, William C. Townsend, William M. Bateman and W. S. Drake. The other officers were: Jefferson Van Horne, treasurer, and T. J. McDermott, attorney ; this company is conducting business in the same rooms at present.

The first savings bank in Zanesville was opened under the auspices of the Mutual Building and Savings Association, in 1875; Mr. Jones' health became impaired and he requested the directors to select some one to relieve him, or close the sayings feature, and the latter alternative was preferred, the depositors paid in full and the institution closed during the fall of 1879; Mr. Jones' health having been restored, when the Home Building Company was formed the savings feature was restored.

The Homestead Building And Savings Com

The Zanesville Building Association was organized in 1867, with Frank A. Thompson president; George D. Gibbons, secretary ; Alexander Grant, treasurer; A. W. Train, attorney ; Daniel Applegate, Thomas Griffith, Peter Black and Thomas Durban, directors.

The Muskingum Building Association was organized December 20, 1872, in accordance with a charter issued November 2r, 1872, to succeed the Zanesville Building Association, with a capital of 2,500 shares of $200.00 each: the dues were twenty-five cents per share per week: with- drawals were prohibited and stock could be obtained only by purchasing from some one desiring to sell, or by paying accrued dues to the association, and if the holder of. shares was unable to continue the payments, and could not secure a purchaser the amount paid in was in danger of being forfeited to the association in fines for failure to make payments promptly. The officers were Thomas Durban, president; E. S. Garner, vice president ; Alexander Grant, treasurer; C. T. De- Velling, secretary; Peter Black, Thomas Griffith, George D. Gibbons, D. T. Johnson, W. H. Mcowen, directors; Hon. L. P. Marsh, attorney. As this association matured, to accommodate new members,

The McIntire Building Association was incorporated June 22, 1877, and was organized July 30, 1877, in the rear room now occupied by Judge Granger, as law office; the capital was divided into 2,000 shares of $15.00 each. The officers were: J. J. L. Blandy, president; Charles W. Fletcher, vice president; Alexander Grant, treasurer; Thomas Griffith, Daniel Applegate, Thomas Lindsay, John W. Conrade, R. B. Brown, Henry L. Korte, Directors; T. F. Spangler, secretary.

The Union Building Association was incorporated March 5, 1880, with a capital of 2,500 shares of $100.00 each, with Thomas Griffith, president; W. A. Graham, vice president; Alexander Grant, treasurer; Thomas Lindsay, Francis Wedge, Robert Silvey, Frederick Geiger and Thomas MM. Gattrell, directors; T. F. Spangler, secretary and attorney.

The foregoing companies were all terminating in form and were associated and not competitive organizations; the experience gained persuaded the managers that a permanent form of organization, which would permit members to enter or retire at pleasure, would be not only more profitable but popular, and protect members against losses from inability to sell current stock or meet weekly dues; incorporation papers were issued February 26, 1884, for a permanent company and June ro, 1884,

The Homestead Building and Savings Company was organized in Mr. T. F. Spangler's office, in the Opera Block, and the directors then chosen met on the 13th and organized as follows: Robert Silvey, president; George D. Gibbons, vice president ; Alexander Grant, treasurer; T. W. Gattrel, Robert Fulton, Joseph Shaw, Thomas S. Black, C. Stolzenbach, Thomas Griffith, directors: T. F. Spangler, secretary and attorney. The only changes which have occurred in this harmonious official family have been made by death; Messrs. Griffith, Gattrell, Black and Silvey have died, and the vacancies have been filled by electing John Hoge president, W. E. Guthrie and T. F. Spangler, directors. The new company now occupies handsomely furnished rooms in the People's Bank building in Fourth street opposite the court house.

Equitable Building Company

October 14, 1887, S. F. Edgar, Ferdinand C. Dietz, W. P. Wells, Horace D. Munson, jr.; Addison W. Richards, George Brown, A. V. Smith, N. H. Moore, A. T. Baker, S. W. Clark and William J. Finley executed articles of association which were filed with the Secretary of State, and on the 17th he issued a certificate of incorporation to the Equitable Building Company; October 20 the company was organized by electing the incorporators as directors and the following officers: F. C. Dietz, president ; A. W. Richards, vice president; George Brown, secretary; A. V. Smith, treasurer. ;

The first offices were in the Opera Block, and about 1890 were removed to the Memorial Building; about 1894 a lease was made of a building on Main street, opposite the present rooms, where the business was conducted until April 1, 1899, when the building at 508 Main street was occupied, the structure having been purchased and fitted up to accommodate the large business of the company.

The Citizens' National Bank was depository until. the organization of the Commercial National Bank, and upon the withdrawal of the latter from the Equitable Building the American Bank became depository.

Muskingum Building And Loan Company

Articles of incorporation were issued March tt, 1902, for the formation of the Muskingum Building and Loan Company, and March 12 directors were chosen as follows: C. F. Hearing, one year; John Blankenbuhler and M. Luby, two years: W. W. Harper and J. H. Shipps, three years. March 24 the board organized by electing W. W. Harper. president; \Il. Luby, vice president: C. C. Griffiths, secretary and attorney; W. B. Cosgrave, treasurer. Business room was secured in the Bailey building, in Fourth street, opposite the court house, and no change has been made in the directory, officers or location since organization.

The West and South Zanesville Building Association was organized among the earliest in the city, but no record of its career is extant; David Lee was the first president, and Imri Richards the first secretary, and such men as Austin Berry and Thomas Drake were its directors; W. T. Gray was its last secretary, and as the association was of the terminating class, it passed out of existence with a record of successful operation, and the satisfaction to the officers of having materially contributed to the improvement of the two villages it was formed to advance.

The Workingmen's Building Association was incorporated May 5, 1875, on the terminating plan, but no record of its operations has been obtained.

The Mechanics' Building Company was incorporated October 27, 1883, on the terminating plan, and was successfully closed out in accordance with the computations. Some of the officers and members incorporated