Zanesville City (part 6 of 8)

The new hall was occupied in April, 1858, and in March the Lodge of Amity sold its interest in the old hall to the city; June 24, 1868, the hall was dedicated, and the day celebrated with a procession, and an oration and festivities at Gant's grove. During the summer of 1881 the third floor was remodelled and a fourth floor introduced in the west end by utilizing the space between the trusses of the root, but the inprove-

The lack of exterior dignity and of interior dimensions and conveniences had, for several years, beén apparent to the Masons of Zanesville, as' characterizing the old temple; it had been discussed at business and social assemblies and finally a meeting was held February 109, 1900, which was largely attended, and the universal sentiment was that a new building was a necessity. Three properties on the east side of Fourth street, north of Fountain alley, were optioned and purchased, and July 12 incorporators were selected for a new temple company. April 9, 1901, the company organized with the following officers and directors: J. B. Hunter, president ; O. F. McKinney, vice president; W. H. Goodlive, secretary and treasurer; U. H. 3rown, George W. McCormick, W. B. Cosgrave, J. K. Geddes, H. F. Achauer, J. K. Smith, O. N. Townsend, John Hartmeyer, and March 25, 1902, the contract was awarded to R. J. Evans and Company at their proposition of $114,433.00, to be completed March 1, 1903.

The corner-stone was laid June 24, 1902, in the presence of an immense assembly of Masons and non-Masons; the parade which preceded the ceremony was one of the most extensive civic displays ever witnessed in the city, and in it were five Masons who had been in the procession held on the occasion of the laying of the corner-stone of the old temple.

The completed building was dedicated June 24, 1903; the day was made a gala occasion, and a large procession of resident and visiting Masons was had. The basement and six floors of the structure are built in the most substantial and finished in the most modern manner: the basement and first three floors are fitted for office and other business purposes; the front of the fourth and fifth floors are also devoted to offices, and the sixth to a ball room; the rear of the three upper floors is occupied by the Masonic bodies of the Masonic club.

The dedicatory week was marked by a Guild fair in the new temple, which proved a wondrous attraction, and which was opened by a night street parade, in which the Odd Fellows, Elks, Knights of Pythias, and Modern Woodmen of America joined the Masons, Templars and Shriners in making a success.

On the European continent, especially in France, the rite of adoption is largely practiced, but in America, Masonic associations have been confined to men; in 1855, Rob Morris introduced a series of degrees, known collectively as the "Teastern Star," but until recent years their dissemination in Ohio has been discouraged and almost prohibited. July 24, 1895, a meeting was held at the home of Mrs. Mary E. Meyer, in Linden avenue, to form a chapter, and J. H. Snoots, of Roseville, was commissioned deputy grand patron to institute Zanesville Chapter, No. 52, which was done August 15, 1895, with the assistance of the members of Martha Washington Chapter, at Roseville, the ceremonies being conducted in the old temple. October 10, 1895, a full charter was granted, on which forty-three names appear, and the first officers were: Mrs. Lizzie Vogel, worthy mdtron; A. E. Allman, worthy patron; Mrs. Nancy Bolin, associate matron; Mrs. Elizabeth Hess, secretary; J. C. Gillespie, treasurer; Mrs. Eura Curtis, conductress; Mrs. Mary Meyer, associate conductress ; Mrs. Anna E. Bainter, Adah; Miss Alice Gillespie, Ruth; Mrs. Agnes Norman, Esther; Mrs. Mary Van Valkenburgh, Martha; Mrs. Jennie Lewis, Electa; Mrs. Hattie A. Allman, warder; C. H. Sebaugh, chaplain; Mrs. Lizzie Spencer,

Odd Fellowship

May 11, 1844, by Mark P. Taylor, past grand master, of Cincinnati, and Past Grands John P. Blain and Justin Harrison, of Columbus. The charter members were:

Lambert Thomas, Jonathan R. Johnson, Jacob Little, Jeremiah Zeigler, J. Warren Clayton, and William IL. Langton; and the first officers were: Jonathan R. Johnson, N. G.; Jacob Little, V. G.; Lambert Thomas, secretary, and John R. Worman, treasurer.

Moxhala Lodge, No. 144, was instituted February 21, 1850, by William C. Earl, grand master, and the past grands of Muskingum lodge, the charter members being :

Bigelow, Silvers Porter, William Leckey, Thomas Durban and C. T. Fracker. The first officers were: A. W. Perley, N. G.; Silvers Porter, V..G.:: E.. W. Cox secretary; Gemmill

Pataskala Encampment, No. 8, was instituted by Patriarch Albert G. Day, grand senior warden of Ohio, March 31, 1845, with the following charter members aad officers :

Elias Pike, C. P.; John Burns, H. P.; Silvers Porer, SasW sol. Re Johnson. J: W.: Wee de Fracker, if: scribe; Robert Howard, treasurer ; Lambert Thomas, guardian, and on the night of institution George B. Reeve, A. C. Ross, Edward Davis, John Metcalf, and Moses Keys were initiated.

The three bodies were organized and held their meetings in the Blocksom building, still standing at the northwest corner of Main street and Sewer alley, and April 9, 1850, James Darlinton was appointed a committee by Muskingum lodge to confer with Moxahala lodge respecting the expediency of purchasing a site and erecting an

The proposition was favorably considered and February 22, 1851, incorporators were chosen, who applied to the General Assembly, and in the same month the Odd Fellows' Hall Association was incorporated by act of the legislature. The lots at the southwest corner of Main street and Potter's, or Diamond alley, were purchased at a cost of $4,000, and upon it the substantial, threestory, brick building, now occupied by the fraternity, was erected at a cost of $24,000.00, and while the exterior is not so ornamental as later structures, its imposing solidity attests its attractiveness for the period of its construction and with its handicap of fifty vears will probably survive as long as later erections.

Imposing dedicatory ceremonies were observed September 9, 1852; the parade of three hundred and fifty resident and visiting brethren, with the local, Dresden, and Wheeling bands, in escort of the officiating officials, being especially notable. Hon. L. P. Marsh was orator, and after the formal rites a ball and supper were provided for the wives and daughters of the three linked brotherhood.

Rivalry arose between Muskingum and Moxahala lodges for the distinction of holding the first meeting in the new hall; Moxahala met Monday, and Muskingum, Tuesdav; as the hall was completed, the members of the former lodge moved secretly at night, and August 2, 1852, assembled in the new hall, but a Muskingum member had "got next" and shut off the gas, and Moxahala 'obtained the coveted privilege by purchasing candles.

Pataskala Encampment grew healthily, and T. L. Fracker, C. C. Russell, Joseph Crosby, Edward W. Cox, George W. Graham, J. A. Buckmaster, W. R. Hazlett, S. G. McBride, Thomas Durban, and A. W. Perley applied for a charter for a new encampment, which was granted, and June 9, 1853, Walhonding Encampment, No. 55. was instituted by Thomas J. \IcLain, grand patriarch, and installed the following officers:

At the Grand Lodge session, held at Circleville, in February, 1854, a charter was granted to M. Keyes, Lewis Slyder, Jacob Lyda, William H. Christ. Thomas Griffith, William H. Shaffer, R. S. Fairchild, John Kuhn, A. J. Hahn, William L. Langton, and Frederick Howell, and March 24, 1854, Alexander Glenn, grand secretary, assisted by District Deputy Henry Granger and other visiting brethren, instituted 'Mechanics Lodge, No. 230, and installed the following officers : yacop Lyda, N. G.; Lewis Siyder, V. Howell, secretary ; William H. urer, and by special dispensation, John Drumm, James P. Kimberly, and Henry Koenig were initiated on the night of institution.

The two encampments did not experience the prosperity that was anticipated and the members were convinced that strength would be found in union, and decided to surrender their charters and ask the grand encampment to issue a charter for a new organization. The request was complied with and July 2, 1858, Howard

Fred. Geiger, A. Schaum, A. Duvee, C. Sunkle, Henry Koenig, PH Ata Henry Roekel, Fred. Kappes, Adam Young, E. Dresher, William Derringer, J. Baum, William Bick, and Henry Knoedler applied for a charter for a lodge to work in the German tongue, and the request having been granted, June 25, 1869, Special Deputy Grand Master Henry Lindenburg, of

The interest which the wives and daughters of Odd Fellows, at other points, manifested in the work of the organization persuaded the Zanesville members to "enlist their services locally and January 12, 1870, James Turner, grand master, of Dayton, assisted by Past Grands William L. Langton, Harvey Hubbell, Thomas Sloan and C. Fracker, instituted Elizabeth Lodge, No. 26, D. of R., so named in compliment to Elizabeth Howard, consort of Robert Howard, whose memory is perpetuated in the title of the encampment. The charter members were:

Charles and Isabella Neimeyer, Isaac Piersol, E. \. Piersol, Lewis and Sidney Brenholts, John and Elizabeth Bowman, E. L. and Nancy Grigsby, John and Maria Greiner, Wolf and va Dryfus, T. L. Fracker, J. H. Coke, George W. and Hattie Griffee, Isaac and Sarah Hillier, Ferdinand and Theresa Hess, A. and Elizabeth Schaum, William L. and Isabella Langton, and Elizabeth Howard.

Canton Nova, No. 5, Patriarchs \Militant, was instituted about 1884-5 : this uniform branch of the order in Zanesville is in a prosperous condition and the inability to details respecting the ae is due to the loss of the records during

Knights Of Pythtas

The order was introduced into \luskingum county by J. Hope Suitor, supreme representative of West Virginia, and Morris Springer, a Knight, from Indianapolis, who secured the applicants for the charter and assisted in the institution of \[cIntire Lodge, No. 38, on Thanksgiving Dav, November 30, 1871. The services were conducted by Edward T. Haines, grand chancellor, of Cincinnati; Joseph Dowdall, grand keeper of records and seal, and Henry Lindenburg, supreme representative of Ohio, both of Columbus, and a number of past chancellors and knights from Newark and Columbus. The first officers were: Edmund P. Moorehead, venerable patriarch; Alfred Ball, M. D., worthy chancellor; Henrv C.° Lillibridge, vice chancellor: Charles E. Randall, recording scribe; Basil D. Brown, financial scribe; Henry Bimple, banker ; Morris Springer, guide; William H. Wilmot, inner guard; Robert §. Willey, outer guard, and Robert J. Brown, A. J. Farnum, Chapline Moore-

Past And- Present Of Muskingum County

The institution was held in the Druids' hall in Main street, east of Seventh, and permanent rooms were secured in the third and fourth floors of the First National Bank building, where elaborate furnishings were supplied; after a few years, more commodious rooms were fitted up in the Star block, at Third and Main streets, and were occupied for several vears. ri ie modations were then obtained in Choral hall, the Opera block, and upon the erection of ie Shinnick block the castle hall was moved there and has since remained.

For a number of vears McIntire was the sole representative of Pythianism in the county, King David Lodge, No. 155, being the first addition, the institution being conducted in Gold hall, y James Fairchild, April 18, 1883, when the following officers were installed: Sol. Levi, past chancellor; A. Hertsberg, chancellor commander; Sol. Frank, vice chancellor; J. Wolner, prelate: S. Goldberger, keeper of records and seals: S. Stern, master of finance; J. Englander, master of exchequer; J. Goldeberger, master at arms; L. Allas, inner guard; no outer guard was named: MM. Freilich, A. Goldstein, and B. Ritman, trustees.

Zanesville Lodge, No. 172, was instituted in Star block, October 26, 1883, with the following first officers: Charles Goertner, P. C.: Emil Geiger. C. C.: Fred Laudenbacher, V. C.; Ferdinand Zuland, prelate; William NKlinge. K. of Riese SoA dolph Kreuter, Me of TA Simon Hilpolsteiner, MI. E.: Philip Hoffman, M. at FAS Simon Linser, e-ce George Somers, O. Cc August Miller, Charles Volland and Fred Cordes, trustees.

Vesta Lodge, No. 458, was instituted by Charles Fulkerson, December 17, 1890, with ninety-four charter members, and the following first officers: John Meyer, P. C.; Milo E. Dunn,

Silver Cross Division, No. 45, Uniform Rank, was formed about 1886-7, but discontinued and was resuscitated about 1890 as Crescent Division, with the original number, and a charter membership of about eighty. Vesta Division was organized early in 1891, but after the Spanish-American war the name was changed to Merritt Company, No. 116, in honor of General Merritt. Originally the organizations were called "Divisions," but were later designated as "Companies."

Beulah Temple, No. 33, Rathbone Sisters, was organized in the Shinnick block, March 15, 1802, by Emma Bell, grand chief, of Columbus, with forty- two charter members, and the following first officers: Mary Meyer, M. E. chief; Martha Stewart, M. E. senior; Fannie Hillier, M. E. junior; Marv Webster, M. of me Ella Roeshaar, S.M. of R. & G= Kate Moody, S. M. F.; Mame VWiiler Ge cOr "TTS Elizabeth Arar Gee ie Annie Young, P. C. Eight ladies and eleven knights were added at the succeeding meeting.

The order has been quartered for a number of years in the Shinnick block, at northwest corner of Main street and Cypress allev, where the entire third floor is comfortably fitted for Pythian uses, with two large lodge rooms, anterooms, etc.

Improved Order Of Red Men

A tribe of the Improved Order of Red Alen, known as Pocahontas, was organized August 2. 1870, by Great Sachem G. B. Means, of Steubenville. and was chartered in May, 1871; the first officers were W. R. Hazlett. sachem: Alexander Platt, senior sagamore; G. W. Hazlett, junior sagamore; Samuel Howard, jr., chief of . records: A. P. Stultz, keeper of wampum. Difficulties were experienced in securing suitable rooms in which to assemble, and meetings were irregularly held, interest ceased, and when rooms were finally obtained in the Star block, Zanesville, the enthusiasm could not be re-kindled and the tribe was disbanded. A renaissance was effected, after a generation and

Waubeck Tribe, No. 143

WAUBECK TRIBE, NO. 143, was instituted March 29, 1892, in the Shinnick block, Main street and Cypress alley, by the great sachem, great chief of records, and other creat chiefs of Ohio, the adoptive ceremonies being conducted by Minnewa Tribe, of Newark. The first officers were: H. H. Huffman, prophet ; I. N. Groomes, sachem; George Miller, senior sagamore; George S. Brush, junior saga- was instituted in Memorial hall, October 12, 1904, by the great prophet, great sachem, and great chief of records, with Waubeck Tribe in charge of the ceremonies of adoption; large numbers of chiefs and warriors were present from surrounding counties, and the occasion was one of much enjoyment to visitors and visited. The first officers were: C. A. Barton, prophet; C. W. Highfield, sachem; William Bowers, senior sagamore; Benjamin Grigsby, junior sagamore; Frederick Wallworth, chief of records; J. Reichart, keeper of wampum.

Washetella Council, No. 19, Degree of Pocahontas, was instituted December 14, 1892, by Enos Pierson, great sachem, the ceremonies being conducted by Newark Council. The first officers were: Mrs. Mary Stewart, Pocahontas; Miss Augusta Kronz, Wenonah; Mrs. Annie Getter, prophetess; Cornelius Stewart, Powhatan; Mrs. Mattie Allen, K. of R.; Mrs. Eliza Fleminsves, of W.5 ba Di Abellyarst scout: Mrs, Hattie Barker, second scout; Mrs. Fannie Madden, guard of wigwam; Harry Fleming, guard of forest; Mrs. Kate Abell, first runner; Miss Flora Wallace, second runner; Miss Viola Hostler, first warrior; Miss Mary Wilson, second warrior; Mrs. Cinnie Craig, third warrior; Miss Gertrude Malott, fourth warrior; Harry Fleming, first councillor; John Harlan, second councillor.

Zanesville Tent, No. 237, Knights of the Maccabees, was instituted March 11, 1895, with the following officers: N. H. Garner, past commander; Martin W. Miller, commander; John Crooks, lieutenant commander; Fred Biszants, record keeper; Peter Ungemach, finance keeper ; Frank Lemon, chaplain; D. P. Mercer, sergeant ; A. L. Jackson, M. D., physician.

Zanesville Council, No. 20, United Commercial Travelers of North America, was instituted April 18, 1891, and has a membership of over three hundred, being one of the most prosperous councils of the fraternity; handsome club rooms are maintained at southwest corner of Main and Sixth streets, and are open to the resident and visiting "knights of the grip" at all hours.

Patriotic Order Sons Of America

The principles of this order that members must be natives or born under the jurisdiction of the United States, and that free public schools shall be maintained, and that there shall be no union of church and state, have given the impression that its objects are political; that such is foreign to its character is expressed in the constitution of the order, which directs that the use of the name for political or partisan purposes, by a camp, will forfeit the charter. All camps are named Washington, and their individuality is determined by number; the first to be established at Zanesville was No. 43, which was instituted June 6, 1879, by E. S. Layman, of Cincinnati, state secretary, with the following charter» members: Krank Harris, A. Petit, P.M: Willey, C.. A. »Barton, Ed. .Parshall, George Moore, John Millis, Charles Ford, Wash. Sockman, W. R. Hazlett, M. D. Frazier, Webb Mc- Cann, John Bailey, Charles Huff, Jud. Alvis, Jack. Wiswell, Hosea Haines, Albert George. The first officers were: W.R. Hazlett, past president; -Frank,./Harris; president; Fs. \WVilles, vice president; Webb McCann, master of forms and ceremonies; C. A. Barton, recording secretary; Charles Huff, financial secretary; Albert Petit, treasurer; Charles Ford, conductor; George Moore, inner guard; Ed. Parshall, outer guard; Rev. H. A. Delano, chaplain.

Camp No. 47 was instituted February g, 1881, with fifty-six charter members, and the following as first officers: George Brown, president; George Murdoch, vice president; H. L. Mec- Carty, recording secretary; James Drake, assistant secretary; G. H. Grubb, financial secretary; David Mercer, master of forms and ceremonies; Smith Winchell, inner guard; A. B. Chilcote, outer guard.

Two other camps were later formed, one of which was at Putnam, but they have consolidated into Camp No. 47, which at present is the only one in the county.

Hazlett Post, No. 81

was so named in honor of Captain John C. Hazlett, of 2d O. V. I., and his cousin, Harry Hazlett, of the 5th U.S. Artillery, both of whom were killed during the Civil war; the post was organized June 1, 1881, with the following officers: C. C. Goddard, post commander; M. V. B. Kennedy, senior vice commander; Wilson C. Moore, junior vice commander; Howard Aston, adjutant; Charles L. Moore, quartermaster; Rev. Theodore Crowl, chaplain; A. Ball, M. D., surgeon; Charles Grant, officer of the day; Frank J. Van Horne, officer of the guard; G. S. Warner, sergeant major; Fred. Geiger, assistant inspector ; H. C. Lillibridge, aide-de-camp, and the following roll of members :

The post is now permanently quartered in a large, pleasant room in the Memorial building, and possesses a valuable and interesting collection of relics, colors and paintings.

Encampment No. 118, Union Veteran Legion, was organized October 7, 1892, with the following first officers: H. C. Roush, colonel; Nat) \funson, lieutenant colonel; W. S. Avers, major; A. H. Watts, chaplain; J. A. Smith, surgeon ; John W. Goshen, officer of the day; Joseph Brelsford, officer of the guard; Joseph Fix, quartermaster; F. J. Van Horne, adjutant ; Charles Claspell, sergeant major: H. Iwerker, quartermaster sergeant; 3. Willis, guard; James Sears, color sergeant.

Herrick Blue Naval Association was formed June 16, 1892, with the following officers: S. 5. Russell, captain; William Larzalere, lieutenant commander: R. J. Brown, paymaster; George \WV. Shaw, secretary ; Andrew Josselyn, chaplain.

Hazlett Corps. Women's Relief Corps, NOx IL; and Muskingum Camp, No. 69, Sons of Veterans, have organizations, but the details respecting origin has not been obtained.

Benevolent And Protective Order Of Elks

In January, 1889, a meeting was held in the counting room of Shinnick & Sullivan, northwest corner of Main street and Cyprus alley, at which Frank A. Durban, John C. Sullivan, Julius Frank, loses Frank, Oscar Geis, and perhaps two or three others were present; C. C. Harrison, a member of an Elk's lodge at Columbus, explained the principles and practices of the organization and a lengthy discussion ensued upon the expediency of forming a lodge of the B. P.O: EF at Zanesville. Subsequent meetings were held at the same place, in' the law office of Train and Durban, and when more room was required, in the rooms of the Board of Trade, in the Monumental building. Having decided to secure a lodge a choice of officers was made before any of the men had been initiated, and at this meeting, February 8, 1889, at the Board of Trade room, a general committee on arrangements was named consisting of W. S. Bell, Thomas Scott, C. D. Wedge, Fuller Van Voorhis, C. A. Blake, Charles Geis, R. H. Hazlett, J. A. Morrow, J. J. Thomas and F. A. Durban.

February 27, 1889, Zanesville Lodge, No. 114, with forty-five members, was formally organized in the concert room in Odd Fellows' hall, by George A. Clugston, district deputy grand exalted ruler, of Mansfield, assisted by the members of that lodge in that city, and the following officers were installed: W. S. Bell, exalted ruler; John A. Morrow, exalted leading knight; F. A. Durban, exalted lecturing knight ; Edward W. Reich, secretary; C. D. Wedge, treasurer; Alfred W. Reich, tyler; John Fitzpatrick, Leopold Dryfus, and W. Cliff Conrade, trustees; Thomas Scott, Esq., Frank M. Haas, inner guard; C. U. Shryock, chaplain.

April 28 the committee on hall reported in favor of the rooms on the second floor of the \asonic temple, at Fourth and Market streets, and they were occupied April 25, 1889. On January 17, 1894, a lease was ordered executed for the rooms formerly known as Black's AIusic hall. in Main street, adjoining the Odd Fellows' hall on the west, which were fitted up in the most elaborate manner and occupied in June. Upon the first floor are reception, reading, writing, pool, billiard, and card rooms, a ladies' parlor and cloak room kitchen, china. closet, and safe for the silverware. On the third floor, or second of the suite, are a commodious lodge room, team room, and closets, and a large dancing room.

Two events, of which the members retain the most gratifying recollections, are the burgoo feast. on the Bolin farm, and the trip to Cleveland, by special train, to attend Grand Lodge: the engine was in charge of a member of the lodge and the trip was phenomenal for its short time.

The club rules were unique when framed, but have been so extensively copied that their originality might be lost were not this record made. Betting of every character, gambling, and all treating are positively prohibited: no buffet is maintained, but a member mav have his own refreshments kept in the club ice box, and his own cigars in a locker, but he must not share anything with another club member. The theory of the club is that treating is the cause of the drinking habit and that personal inclination would not prompt men to excess, hence the prohibition of inviting another to partake.

Munificent Order Of Camels

The order has its origin in the Eastern states, and a revision or reorganization was made at Cincinnati, April 15, 1903, at which time a supreme lodge was formed, of which A. A. George was elected supreme eminent ruler and D. H. Crawford, M. D., supreme secretary, both of whom were residents of Zanesville, Alpha Lodge, No. 45, was the first lodge chartered after the reorganization and the first to be formed in Ohio, and was instituted at Zanesville, December 3, 1903, with 150 charter members, the supreme eminent ruler and supreme secretary officiating. The first officers were:

Royal Arcanum

Hope Council, No. 82, Royal Arcanum, was instituted in the lodge room, on the third floor of the Star block, northeast corner of Main and Third street, April 16, 1878, by Deputy Supreme Regent Teeples, and the following charter members:

Nineteen of the applicants were present at the inauguration when the following officers were chosen: Regent, R. S. Mershon; Vice Regent, Charles H. Jones; Past Regent, Frank J.

April 19, eight signers of the charter were initiated, and April 25 the last two were admitted to the royal secret. Eight of the twentynine charter members have died, and eleven are still in affiliation ; the remaining ten have trans-

Zane Lodge, No. 30, Ancient Order of United Workmen, was chartered September 4, 1874, the first officers being Fred. Geiger, past master workmen; D. B. Gary, master workman; Edward T. 'Hanmer, general foreman; John Mc- Caslin, overseer; en Irvine, recorder ; Jstit Ross, financier; A. P. Stults, receiver; M. CG. Mitchell, guide; Lewis Moore, inside warden; James Van Winkle, outside warden. The original place of meeting was in the Star block, and meetings are now held in the Sharpe building, in Fifth street, between Market street and Fountain alley.

John H. Best, Gilbert Snyder, Harry S. aes Robert E. Kirkpatrick, J. B. Larzalere, Ted Arnold, W. A. McLaughlin, Henry Roekel, Edward P. Church, H. E. Printz;.F 1K. Jackson; Frank C, Kerr, Smith L. Brown, Washington M. Adams, Wallace Burton, Benjamin C. Davis, Edmund C. Brush, M. D., John S. Derwachter, J. Lincoln Smith, H. B. Mechling. The original records have been lost and the names of the first officers cannot be ascertained.

Concordia Grove, No. 13, United Ancient Order wy Druids, was chartered and instituted May 3, 1859, by William Stoll, noble grand arch, and G. a Rheinberger, vice grand arch, of Cincinnati. The first officers were: Henry White, noble arch; Gottleib Glaesser, vice arch; Edward Vogel, secretary; Daniel Fehrends, treasurer, and the following additional charter members: Jacob Hartmaier, George T. Biehler, Heinrich Koche, Peter Shreck, Conrad Fischer,

The proceedings were conducted in German, and in March, 1893, Zane Grove, with forty charter members, was instituted to work in English; the elder Grove had not prospered by reason of the disinclination of men to attach themselves to an institution conducted in an unfamiliar tongue, and in January, 1901, Concordia decided to adopt the English ritual, which was used after June in that year, and in June, 1902, the two Groves consolidated under the older

Zanesville Aerie, No. 302, Fraternal Order of Eagles, was instituted January 18, 1903, by Col. H. C. Voute, state deputy grand president, with the following officers: J. C. Drohan, past worthy president; E. Ebert Peabody, worthy president; R. K. Hine, worthy vice president ; D. A. T. Westall, worthy chaplain; MM. L. Tracy, worthy conductor; Simon Linser, jr., worthy treasurer; J. P. Daugherty, worthy secretary; John C. Francks, worthy inner guard; J. Friedenauer, worthy outer guard; L. E. Dixon, E. qe Tracy, and C. W. Morrison, trustees. Rooms for lodge and club purposes were fitted up in the upper stories of the Commercial Bank building, southeast corner of Main and Fifth streets.

The order was introduced into Muskingum county at Zanesville, and a meeting, preliminary to the institution of Buckeye Camp, No. 3224, was held in the studio of J. Lincoln Smith September 2, 1895, when all preparations were concluded for the formal opening of the Camp on September 23 by R. E. Cornelius, Deputy Head Consul. The charter bears date September 18, 1895, and the ceremonies of institution were conducted in the rooms on the second floor of the former Masonic building, corner of Market and Fourth streets, with the following list of charter members :

The first place of regular assembly was in Rechabites hall, in Maginnis block, for about one year; K of P. hall, two years; Choral hall, three years, and rgo0r in the present commodious rooms at southeast corner of Main and Third streets.

Denner Lodge, No. 45, was organized in Choral hall, February 8, 1899, as the labor of Benjamin Denner, and was installed Dy. Nemo. \Mvler, supreme secretary. The charter roll contained one hundred names and the first officers were:

B. V. Woodburn, past president; John Drake, president; Frank Israel. vice president; J. B. Smith, chaplain: Harry Hauk, secretary; Henry Knoedler, treasurer; H. C. Gitter, sergeant at arms: James Paine, guide; \[rs. John Drake, inner guard; John Young, outer euard; George \fcCormick, S. G. Sprague and Howard Shirer, trustees. Meetings are held in the Druids' hall on alternate Saturday nights.

Fraternal Censor

Zanesville Council, No. 34, was instituted Tune 5, 1899, by E. S. Guiser, supreme president, and James S. Hill, deputy, with the following officers :

Jacob Burgey, president; G. W. Foley, vice president: Silas Vansant, secretary ; F. K. Jackson, financial secretary; F. L. Israel, treasurer ; F. K. Jackson, representative; Silas Vansant, alternate: and the following additional charter members: L. L. Magruder and wife: George R. Fairall and wife; Mrs. G. W. Foley; Miss E. Magruder; Miss Grace Foley and J. P. Zinsmeister.

Hebrew Societies

Gihon Lodge, No. 195, Independent Order of P'nai Berith was organized April 27, 1873, with \ichael Steinfeld. president; W. Dryfus, vice president ; Henry Baer, secretary , H. Horkheimer, treasurer; B. S. Dryfus, Rudolph Shonfield,

King Solomon Lodge, No. 133, Kesher Shel Barzal, was instituted August 16, 1874, with the following first officers: W. Freedman, president; M. S. Witkosky, vice president; L. Witkosky, recording secretary; A. Cohen, financial secretary ; B. Frosh, treasurer; L. Newman, outer guard; J. Stern and A. Cohen, trustees; and D. Frosh, H. Weber, S: ee Goldberger, T. Rosher, J. Haber, J. Wollner, H. Heflich, Ignatius Stern, S. Freilich, S. Schwartz, S. Regan, W. Klein, A. L. Freedman, H. Reich, J. Metzendorf, S. Engleman, M. Levy, B. Singer, J. Freedman, 5. Cohen, S. Klein, J. Gotlob, W. Deutch, A. Starn, J. J. Klein, L. Klein, H. Kohn. ~The order disbanded about 1goo.

Grand United Order Of Odd Fellows

The order is composed of colored men and has no affiliation with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, composed of white men. The first Lodge in America was numbered 646 and was opened in New York city, in 1843, and called Philomathean. The authority to open Lodges in America is derived from the Committee of Management in England, underwritten by a sub- Committee of Management in America, and March 4, 1878, the English authority, and July 8, 1878. the American authority issued a Dispensation for the formation of

Guiding Star Lodge, No. 1880, at Zanesville, which was instituted July 30, 1878, by officers from Amity Lodge, at Cambridge, when the following officers were chosen and installed : Charles H. Sawyer, N. F.; Elisha' Guy, N. Ge; JohnH. Hargraves, V. G.; Enoch Harper, P. John Barnell, E..S.; George W. Johnson, sr., W. T was chartered June 20, 1875, with G. W. Johnson, high priest; Samuel Guy, king; Wesley Gazaway, scribe. . Malta Commandery, No. 17, Knights Templars, was chartered June 30, 1880, with G. W. Johnson, eminent commander ; Samuel Guy, generalissimo; James A. Guy, captain general.

The following fraternities have organizations, active or dormant, in the city, but no information respecting their origin has been possible of attainment :

First Sundan Scitool

The first Sunday school held in Zanesville was convened in the court room, of the court house, 11 1816, and the bar and jury benches w ere used by the assemblage: it was designated a "Union Sunday school," and w as promoted by Presbyterians, Methodists, Episcopalians, Baptists, and

Lutherans, and did not draw the line on color, as the children of several colored families attended. It was more a temporal than spiritual school, as the originators were practical and not theoretical Christians, and desired to supply the means of acquiring the primary branches of an English education and with them instill the principles of Christian morality. The fees for tuition in the day schools were high and a heavy tax on parents with large families; where the labor of the children was needed during the week they were growing up in ignorance and it was hoped to remedy this by the Sunday instruction. The sessions lasted from 8 to 10:30 a. m. to permit church services after school, and about thirty attended the first assembly; the teachers alternated each Sunday and those not teaching went about the town persuading children to attend; the exercises opened and closed with prayer, and singing was taught as an accomplishment as well as an auxiliary. The only books were Bibles, Testaments, Watts' Hymns and the New England Primer.

Some of the more severe Presbyterians were very much opposed to the school, which they regarded as a desecration of the day, but as its beneficial effects became apparent the denunciations changed to encouragement, and another class of objectors alleged that the school was designed for poor children and some of the most indigent parents withdrew their children from what they feared was considered a pauper school. The loafers at the tavern, on the Clarendon site added their sarcastic remarks about it and cultivated a low grade of wit in deriding the pupils and teachers, but several men who subsequently achieved some prominence in the community obtained their lift, from darkness to light, in the Union Sunday school.

In March, 1817, the school was reorganized in a frame dwelling at the northeast corner of Third street and Fountain alley, and a regular Sunday school was formed, and two years later, on \ay 2, 1819, the classes assembled in the court room and marched down Fourth street to the new Presbyterian church, at Fourth and South streets, and occupied seats in the gallery.

A semi-centennial celebration of the establishment of Sunday schools in Muskingum county was held at Zanesville, March 23, 1867, at which time A. A. Guthrie delivered an address and detailed the origin of the various schools from the first held in the garrison at Marietta, in 1791.

Second Street Methodist Episcopal

through the center, which stood in South Third street, where the foundry is now located; when it became too small for the growing congregation services were held in the old frame court house; the Commissioners' journal, dated December 6, 1810, records that the Methodists were given permission to hold their regular services in the old court house, but the quarterly meetings could be held in the new, or old, 1809; the Presbyterians were given permission to meet in the new building, and each society was required to keep the room clean, and like permission was given any other Christian denomination.

The first church building was erected in 1813, on the ground now owned by the church; the structure was built by Thomas Moorehead and William Craig, and was a plain, one-story, frame, forty by sixty feet, with the gable towards Second street, and four large hewn posts supported the roof and ceiling. In the east end were two doors hung upon heavy, iron strap hinges and opened with wrought iron thumb latches; each opened upon an aisle and a partition, lengthwise the middle of the room, separated the sexes, as was the custom of the period. Seasoned lumber for the floor could not be obtained and the green supply for the purpose was piled in the west end of the room, to season, and upon it a plain, fourlegged table was placed as a pulpit, behind which was a plain, wooden chair for the minister; the congregation sat upon the flat upper surface of the sills of the building, with the feet upon the ground, but during the ensuing year the interior was finished. The land was conveyed February 2, 1814, by Jonathan Zane and John McIntire and wives, for a consideration of one hundred dollars, to Christian Spangler, Samuel Frazey, Jesse Miller, James Vickers, Joseph Hamilton, John Spry, and Barney \lunro.

In 1826, a Sunday school was opened in the Market street academy, and in 1830, the coneregation having prospered and increased, removed the old building and erected one of brick, one story in height, and of the rigidly plain, oldfashioned, box stvle of architecture: in the east end were the two doors, the north for the men, and the south for the women, in the north and south sides were four windows, and in the west two, with the pulpit between. The present twostory brick edifice was erected in 1860, and during its construction the congregation occupied a building formerly standing on the site of the South Street A. \L. E. church.

For many years the location of the church had been undesirable, by reason of the conversion of the neighborhood into business houses, and particularly on account of the three lines of railroad in Second street. In 1905, a lot, 140 feet square, at southeast corner of Fifth and North streets, was purchased and the Trinity congregation united with the Second street in the erection of a sanctuary commensurate with the wealth and proportions of the consolidated congregations. Monday, May 15, 1905, about five hundred members of the churches assembled on the new site, formerly dedicated the premises to sacred purposes, the officiating clergy beings Revsy |B, D. (Evans, of .Trimity pak. M. Courtenay, of Second Street; Franklin McElfresh, presiding elder, and Bishop D. H. Moore, a former pastor of the Second Street church. TRINITY METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The congregation of the Second Street church having outgrown the capacity of its building, in September, 1840, at the annual conference held at Zanesville, the excessive clerical duty of the Second Street pastor was represented, and the necessity urged of an additional minister; it was deemed more expedient to divide the congregation, and two preachers were assigned, the new congregation occupying the second story of the McIntire Academy building, at Fifth and North streets, bv permission of Z. C. & M. Co.

In 1841, a lot opposite North street, in Seventh street, 66 by 124 feet, was purchased, and on January 6, 1843, an additional width of 18 feet was secured, the title being given to Daniel Brush, Thomas Moorehead, Samuel J. Cox, John Dillon, Levi Chapman, James Mills, James Henderson, Samuel Howard, and Horatio J. Cox, trustees. The stone basement was erected by Daniel Price, in 1841, and in the following year the brick work was contracted by Daniel Price and John T. Thorpe, and the house enclosed in 1842; the basement was finished and the opening service held there in June, 1843.

The Sunday school was organized shortly after the church was formed, and the Second and Seventh street congregations were regarded as one station, the ministers alternating, but in 1845, Seventh street was made a station, and in September, 1845, the church was finished, and dedicated in 1849; during the pastorate of Rev. B. F. Jackson, about 1891, the name was changed to Trinity.

In 1905 there is prospect that the city will condemn the church to open Gilbert street through to North, and the indications point to the early abandonment of the structure.

Euclid Avenue Methodist Episcopal

The formation of this congregation and its successful efforts to surmount difficulties is a narrative of perseverance, pluck and not a little of the original Adam, which is essential for human endeavor. In 1889, there were four Methodist Episcopal stations in Zanesville, and many members thought a new one in the old Eighth and

Tenth wards would relieve the over-crowded city churches and add new members to make it prosperous. Accordingly, during the summer of that year a meeting was held in the parlors of the Second Street church, and a branch of the Methodist Episcopal Extension Society was organized, consisting of Rev. T. C. Read and John W. King, of Second Street; Rev. D. N. Stafford' and' J. Nv Carr, of Trinity ; Rem C3 c. Elson and W. A. Weller, of South Street, and Rev. B. F. Stubbins and J. P. Curtis, of Moxahala Avenue, with Rev. Isaac F. King, presiding elder, ex-officio president; J. N. Carr was chosen secretary and W. A. Weller, treasurer.

A portion of the old Boggs residence was occupied as a dwelling and the Extension Society purchased and converted it into a church building, the two lower rooms being thrown into one, and the upper ones used for a Bible class and the infant class; a Sunday school was organized, an organ purchased from the proceeds of a strawberry festival, and chairs were donated by friends. Forty members, principally from Trinity, were enrolled, but the members of other churches. while willing that others should unite with the new church, did not manifest any disposition to do so themselves, and maintained their former affiliations; there was no enthusiasm for the new church, and the Extension Society became lukewarm and rendered no aid. Rev. T. F. Garrett had been assigned to the charge, which had been named "Euclid Avenue," and upon becoming acquainted with the conditions, concluded that if the new church must take care of itself, it were better to assert its independence of its pretended guardian, and during the winter of 1892-3, so informed the Extension Society, which surrendered the property to the original owner, with the loss of the advances thereon. The congregation continued the occupancy, but during the spring of 1893, purchased a lot, northeast corner of Euclid avenue and O'Neill street, for $1,600.00, paid $300.00 thereon, gave a mortgage for the remainder, and placed the title in Jeremiah Vroom.

Meantime, Rev. Thomas W. Locke was assigned to the station and trustees were selected and confirmed as_ follows: Rev. T. W. Locke, president; William Curtis, treasurer; Samuel Oldham, secretary; John McCaslin, J. R. Saunders, A. S. Mitchell, Jeremiah Vroom, and John Shainholtz. The contract for the erection of a frame church was awarded October 22, 1894, and it was completed and furnished May 18, 1895, at a cost of $3,000.00. The following day it was dedicated bv Bishop Willard F. Mallalieu, assisted by Rev. T. F. Miller, presiding elder, and Rev. J. C. Arbuckle, pastor of Second Street.

selected as incorporators and the property placed in their possession, and during the pastorate of Rev. P. Drumm, 1901-4, the debt was extinguished and the prosperous and harmonious coneregation enjoys the possession of a religious home acquired by untiring personal effort under discouraging conditions.

South Street Methodist Episcopal

A mission Sunday school was organized in 1865 in the southeastern section of the city, and became the nucleus of this congregation; by the liberality of Rev. David Young a lot was purchased at Seventh and South streets, fronting one hundred feet north on Seventh street, and east to the alley on South street, and upon it, in 1869, a small brick chapel was erected at the corner of the allev. Mr. Young made further bequests in his will, and in 1887, the present beautiful brick building was erected at the corner of the streets, at a cost of $9,000.00.

During the spring of 1889, about half a dozen gentlemen met at the office of T. C. Connar, county surveyor, at the court house, and organized a congregation, which was established as a mission of the United Presbyterian church. Services were held in the old Universalist church, in Zane street, for about six months, when a removal was made to the Knights of Pythias hall, in the Shinnick block, where they remained about eighteen months, and where a Sunday school was organized. The mission was organized by Rev. Spencer, of Muskingum College, and in 1890 was accepted as a church, with mission help, and in 1892 a brick church was erected in Pine street, near Main, with a seating capacity of three hundred. and at a cost of $7,500.00. Rev. D. A. Sleeth was first pastor, succeeded in 1896 by Rev. J. H. Hutchman, who resigned in 1905.

First Presbyterian Church

About 1807, the pastor of the Presbyterian church, at Lancaster, passed through Zanesville, and was persuaded to remain over Sunday, that the seven persons of that communion might enjoy a service; they assembled in Taylor's tavern, at Fourth and Main streets, on the site of the present Clarendon, where a sermon was preached and the communion administered.

A Congregational congregation had, been, organized in Putnam a short time previously, at the residence of Benjamin Tupper, with five persons, which was soon increased to eight, but they were too feeble to employ a minister, and they united with the Zanesville Presbyterians to form the United Presbyterian church, of Zanesville and Springfield, in 1809, and a pastor was installed, in Putnam, December 26, 1809. Services were held in private houses, taverns, the old log jail, and sometimes in a small frame building on Putnam Hill, and, during the summer, in barns and groves. After the completion of the court house, in Zanesville, and the stone academy, in Putnam, the congregation alternated between the places and crossed the river in skiffs and by ferry. Once during service in the court house, the building was struck by lightning and several persons were stunned, but none seriously injured.

In 1817, the erection of a two-story, brick church building was begun on elevated ground, at the northeast corner of South and Fourth streets. The first story was finished for a store room and the rent given the sexton for his services; the auditorium had a gallery on three sides and an aggregate seating capacity of 600 or 700. Money was obtained by the sale of pews, a deed being given to the purchaser for the land covered by the pew, which title could be sold as property. The building was dedicated August 28, 1817, and President Monroe and party, being in the city, attended the service.

Musie was furnished by stringed instruments, and once during the absence of the regular pastor, a Scottish Covenanter occupied the pulpit; not approving of such auxiliaries he announced: 'We will fiddle and sing the psalni'% Air. L. P. Bailey, an elder of the church, was a builder of organs, and, in 1827, had made one which the party had failed to accept. when completed ; the members on both sides of the river were anxious to secure it for the church, but the pastor feared some one might be offended; finally, a member offered to sustain the expense of changing the gallery to admit the organ, and it was set up. The instrument was 11 feet high, 7 feet wide, and 4 feet deep, and on the first Sunday remained silent, and many looked quietly and disapprovingly at the innovation; on the second Sunday it was played while the Sunday school children assembled, but closed when the church service began; later it was played as the congreeation was dispersing, and next as they assembled: some weeks elapsed before it was used in the regular service, and inquiry has failed to elicit an earlier use of an organ by an American Presbyterian congregation.

About 1840, the walls showed weakness, and as the town had grown away from the church and the Presbyterian church, in Putnam, had been formed, a more central point was desirable, and a lot was purchased on Fifth street, now occupied by the Second church, which was exchanged for the present site on Sixth street,

This congregation is the mother of the Presbyterian churches in the county, the direct descendants being the Newlin church, in 1820, Putnam, in 1834, and the Second, in 1852, which organized with forty-six of the members and the pastor of the First church.

Second Presbyterian

In response to the petition of twenty-seven persons, the Presbytery, on September 7, 1852, authorized the formation of the Second Presbyterian church of Zanesville, and it was organized October 9, 1852, twenty-three additional signatures to the petition having been affixed before the organization. Rev. M. A. Hoge was pastor of the First church at the time, and by act of the Presbytery, October 22, 1852, he was assigned to the new congregation.

The two congregations occupied the same building until the spring of 1853, when the Second church rented the assembly room of the Odd Fellows' hall, and held services there until January I, 1854, when the Lutheran church building, Sixth and South streets, was leased for a year; January 1, 1855, the Odd Fellows' hall was again secured and retained until the present structure was finished, in August, 1855.

January 2, 1854, Peter Black, W. A. Graham, John A. Adams, R. P. Robinson, Adam Peters, and A. McFadden were appointed to secure funds to procure a lot and erect a church building; they reported March 2, 1854, that they were successful, when E. Buckingham, Adam Peters, John A. Adams, L. P. Bailey, John S. Black, and W. A. Graham were empowered to transact all the business necessary to erect the church. The brick building, now standing in Fifth street, between Market street and Fountain alley, was the result of this movement, and cost $15,000, and was completed August 11, 1855; in 1874, an addition for Sunday school purposes was erected on the rear of the lot.

The Sunday school was organized while services were held in the Odd Fellows' hall, and has been maintained since at a high standard of efficiency.

First Methodist Protestant

Records do not exist to support the assertion but a Methodist Protestant congregation must have been formed as early as 1835-40; the Rev. Cornelius Springer was editor and publisher of the Western Recorder, an organ of the church, and was published at Meadow Farm, from 1833 to 1845, being moved to Putnam in the latter year; Mr. Springer was active in evangelical, as well as editorial work, and it -is improbable that he would have neglected so fruitful a field as Zanesville, while forming congregations throughout the county. That a church building was in existence in 1850, is asserted by a lady still living in the city, who states that she was baptised in it in 1851, being then a girl of eight years, and that she heard her father speak of the building frequently as having been built for some years before, and places the erection at a year in the early forties. The church stood in South street, at corner of Potter alley, where the present African Methodist church is now erected, and was known, locally, as the "Radical ;" it was a two-story, brick structure, with several stone steps leading to the level of the auditorium in the second story, the basement being used as a wareroom by Daniel Applegate, and other merchants engaged in the New Orleans trade.

About 1865, the African Methodists bought the edifice, and the Methodist Protestants bought a lot at northwest corner of Underwood and Center streets, upon which were a_ dwelling, which was rented, and a store room, which was used as a church, but the worshippers were annoved by the noise of boys playing in the streets, decided to secure a location on a side street, and sold the property. Services were held in Trinity church until the erection of the present brick building, in Beaumont street, which was constructed about 1871, during the pastorate of Rev. John Burns. The original building was a plain, two-story house; the basement being fitted for Sunday school and prayer meeting purposes, with the auditorium, on the second floor, with a seating capacity of from 350 to 400 persons. During 1889 an ornamental front, with a tower, was added at a cost of $2,000,

First Baptist

In the fall of 1820, George C. Sedwick left Winchester, Va., for a trip to the West, and at Zanesville discovered one Baptist, held a service and delivered a sermon; his journey was continued through Kentucky and Indiana, and several requests, from strong congregations, were made to him to remain with them as pastor, but his impressions of Zanesville were so favorable that he returned in 1821, and held services in the court house and private houses, and February TI, 1821, baptised three men; June 16, he organized a church and was chosen pastor, and August 22, reported thirty-seven baptisms and four admissions by letter. In August, 1822, the membership was eighty-three, and in 1825 it had increased to one hundred and four.

In the fall of 1823 the present one-story brick church building, forty by sixty feet, in Sixth street, near South, was completed, and the dedicatory services were held November 15, and the first regular service held December 15, 1823. In May, 1826, the Ohio Baptist State convention was organized in this church and the two succeeding annual sessions were held in it.

During the pastorate of Rev. I. B. Conyers, 1856-59, sixty-four members withdrew and organized the Sixth Street church, which after struggling for a time united with the Market Street church. While Rev. J. B. Sharp was pastor. 1865-6, seventy-seven members withdrew and organized Berean church, which subsequently disbanded, some of the members returning to the First and others uniting with the Market Street church. Rev. W.G. Pratt, 1866-8, adjusted the differences between the members, which had been the causes of contentions, pruned and excluded a large number, and succeeded in having the "brethren dwell together in unity."

A Baptist Sunday school was organized in 1822, in a small frame, on the river bank, east of the approach to the Third street bridge, and upon the completion of the church building it was removed to that structure.

Marked Street Baptist

During the vear 1832. a Baptist congregation was formed in the Academy building, a threestory brick still standing in Market street, immediately west of the former \asonic temple, at Fourth and Market streets. Services were held there for a short time. and the court house was obtained for the purpose, and later in a small building on South street, near Seventh. In 1833, a room in the "bottoms" was rented and a Sunday school started, and when the congregation was strong enough, it was moved to the Academy and placed under the care of the church, and has ever since been conducted and is now one of the most prosperous and enthusiastic schools in the city.

In 1835, a movement was inaugurated to erect a church building, and "'Father Mills" donated the lot on the east side of Sixth street, south of North, and August 5, 1837, the corner-stone of a brick edifice was laid, and the building completed in 1839; as the name of Market Street church had become endeared to the congregation, it was retained.

The growth of the congregation had made the church building inadequate, and during 1904-5 the question of a new structure was agitated, and determined upon; plans were prepared, and May 11, 1905, farewell services were held in the old church, and Monday, May 15, the demolition of the structure was commenced, arrangements hav-

The location of the corner-stone of the original church had not been designated in the records and the workmen engaged in razing the building were instructed to look for it; May 29, 1905, it was uncovered and opened and its contents found in a good state of preservation; they consisted of six copies of the city papers from August 2 to August 5, 1837, a declaration of Baptist faith, dated May 11, 1835, the hymn book in use at the time, a Bible, and a map of the citv; it is purposed to place the box and contents in the cavity of the corner-stone of the new church.

Fair Oaks Baptist

The Market Street Baptist church opened a mission, October 6, 1889, in a store room in Putnam avenue, which was so successful that a lot was purchased at the corner of Woodlawn and Maysville avenues, and a small frame chapel erected, and dedicated December 28, 1890. For a couple of vears the work was continued almost exclusively by laymen, and in the fall of 1892, \lr. E. U. Smith, of the senior class in Denison University, was engaged as a supply. February 3, 1893. a complete church organization was effected with thirtv-seven members, and having been officially accepted as a congregation, Mr. Smith was offered the pastorate, and was ordained March 24. The chapel proved too limited for the congregation, and a handsome frame church was erected on the chapel site, and dedicated October 14, 1894. Mr. Smith severed his pastoral relations February 28. 1895, and his successors have been Revs. E. M. Lake, J. A. Snodgrass, W. L. Lemon, J. Ernest Reynolds. and J. W. Ely, the present pastor, who assumed the charge May I, 1904.

Brigiiton Presbyterian

About 1848, Booker Terrell, Ann Jane Terrell, George Roots, - - Harris, Mrs. Catherine Cook, Ann Alexander, Elizabeth P. Parrott, and others formed a Baptist congregation, which met in the second story of the First Masonic hall, in Market street, the birthplace of the Market Street Baptist church, and from there moved to a frame building in Putnam; the coneregation appears to have been later divided, purely from motives of convenience, between the Zion and Third Baptist churches.

February 4, 1859, the Zion Baptist church was incorporated, under Ohio statutes, and the first regular business meeting was held in Nevitt and Dixon' s hall, northwest corner of Main and Seventh streets, March 5, 1859, when twenty-seven members were enrolled. In June, the trustees purchased for $300.00, a one-story frame, the property of the True Wesleyan church, near the Blandy works, and the first service was held therein July 2, 1859. In January, 1863, the building was vacated, and a room secured in the Nevitt 'and Dixon building, and in August, 1866, a lot was purchased on the east side "of Eighth street, between Alain and South streets, for $800.00, upon which a one-story frame was erected, and the first service held in it November 3, 1866.

August 29, 1863, the Third Baptist church was organized in the old brick school house, in Moxahala avenue, Putnam, by Rev. Isaac Jones, who served as pastor ten years, and in 1870, a onestory, frame church, 24 by 4o feet, was erected in Moxahala avenue, between Harrison and Prerce streets, atria cost' of $2,500.00, which was sold and the proceeds placed in the Union church upon the consolidation of the congregations to form the Union Baptist church.

The original building, in Eighth street, proved too small to accommodate the growing congregation and a new one-story frame, 30 by 40 fect, was erected on the site, at a cost of $1,500.00, and dedicated May 5, 1872, but this was inadequate when the union was effected, and in 18093 the present graceful, two-story brick, 35 by 60 feet, was built. The basement and auditorium each contain an organ, and a Sunday school has been maintained from the beginning of each of the original congregations.

St. James Protestant Episcopal Church

There may be one older parish in the State of Ohio, but certainly there is none in the diocese of Southern Ohio, than St. James.' At a meeting held in the Senate chamber of the old court house, October 17, 1816, pursuant to public notice, with Horace Reed, M. D., as chairman, and John Gordon as SECTETATT it. was unanimously resolved to fornt a church organization, to be called "St. James'. and the following officers were chosen:

D., and Seth Adams. wardens; Jetfrev Price, Moses Moorehead, E, 2. Sct Can wane Calin, Caynarity dileal se vestrvinen : Alexander Harper. treasurer: Samuel Burnham, AL. D., lay reader. Rev. Joseph Doddridge, MM. I).. was chosen Des and the first service was held in the Senate chamber, but in jungiensirz and for some. time thereafter, they were condueted in the Methodist church, which we as loaned for the purpose. The first class for confirmation comprised twenty-five persons, and the rite was administered May 23, 1819, by Bishop Chase, in the Presbyterian church, at Fourth and South streets.

Aticust 30, 1830, G. A. Halland" John i, Fracker, as building committee, awarded a contract for the erection of a brick church building at the southeast corner of South and Sixth streets; many of the members were affiliated with the Freemasons, and desired that society to plant the corner-stone, but Mr. Hall protested so strenuously that no corner-stone was laid; the structure was very small and rigidly plain. By act of the General Assembly, January 31, 1833, the parish was incorporated and the church building having become too limited for the congregation, additions were made to the east and "south sides, which doubled the original capacity. In 1841, the building was sold to the congregation of St. John's English Lutheran church, and the erection of the present stone edifice was begun on the west side of Sixth street, near North, the corner-stone being laid June 24, 1841. The congregation occupied the Senate chamber during the construction, and the basement having been sufficiently finished, services were held therein on Easter Day, 1843. The completion of the auditorium having sufficiently progressed, a pipe organ was purchased i in 1851, and both basement and auditorium having been completed, the building was consecrated September 7, 1853, the entire sanctuary representing an expenditure of $20,000.00. The tower was not finished until 1878, when the bell, weighing 2,000 pounds, was donated by Mrs. Julia Peabody Chandler, of Germantown, Pennsylvania, a former communicant of the church. The other private donations and memorials have been: The stained glass windows in the body of the church were furnished by James R. Cooper, in the early 'seventies; the altar was a memorial by her children to Mrs. lucy W. Hazlett; the stone front was the gift of the Shinnick family, the brass eagle lectern. i is a memorial of Charles W. Chandler by his widow, who donated the bell; the lectern Bible was donated by the Girls' society, October 4, 1882, and the service books, colored stoles. and festivai white altar hangings were the gifts of the Daughters of the King: the "kite heads" of the windows of the auditorium were mostly furnished by Rev. George W. Dubois; the chancel window is a memorial of William Shultz by his widow, and the cast window is a memorial of Alargaret Applegate Buell: the jewelled chalice and br ass itae cross were presented in 1893, by Alrs. Amanda A. Pratt. as. memorials of her son. Douglass Cassel.

In 1902, a parish house of brick was erected in the rear of the church, consisting of a basement, a Sunday school room, pastor's study, robing room, committee rooms, and kitchen, in which the business meetings and social gatherings of the congregation are held.

St. Thomas Roman Catholic Church

Prior to 1815 there was no Catholics in Zanesville, and the first of that communion was William C. Colerick, a printer, who came in that year to be associated with Dr. Reed, of Putnam, in a periodical enterprise, which did not materialize. In 1817, John S. Dugan, wife and child, and brother, Peter, and in the succeeding year his widowed sister, Mrs. Harkins, with nine children, arrived, and these fourteen persons comprised the first congregation which assembled in Zanesville for services, according to the Roman ritual, which were held in a frame building at the southwest corner of Market and Fifth streets. John S.' Dugan was proprietor of the tavern at the corner of Main and Fifth streets, and in 1819, the first service by a priest in Zanesville was conducted in his hotel, by Father Young. of Somerset, and in the same year. in the Burnham tavern, in Putnam, but the complaint was made that the latter room was so large that the small! congregation was lost in it. Father Young made semi-annual visits and as more Catholics settled the subject of a church building was considered. and during one of the Father's visits he and Dugan selected a one-story, brick warehouse, 20 by 50 feet, at the northeast corner of Fifth street and Locust alley, as capable of being adapted to the purpose: Dugan purchased it for $3.9000.00, November 20, 1820, and when the pastor returned in the spring of 1821, he found a church, which he dedicated, and which was known locally as "Trinity" church, and as the "brick chapel: semi-monthly visits were then made until Father Young's home duties prevented, and Father Stephen H. Montgomery arrived in 1823 as the first stationed pastor.

In the spring of 1824, Dugan purchased a lot fronting 134 feet on Fifth street, at its intersection with Spruce alley, which he donated to the congregation, and contributed liberally to the erection of anew stone and brick church, the plans and specifications for which were donated by a New York architect. The corner-stone was laid March 4, 1825, for a building 40 by. 70, tee, 35 feet high, and July 2, 1826, it was dedicated to St. John, the Evangelist, and opened by Rt. Rev. Edward Fenwick, first Bishop of Cincinnati, and called the St. John's Roman Catho- other than the house of God, and the gates of heaven," and above it, "I. H. S." During the summer of 1827, while Father Montgomery was in France, he procured a bell, which was suspended over the entrance, from a horizontal beam supported by two others, one end resting upon the ground and the other against the building; in 1829 a steeple, in spiral form, 100 feet high, was erected with a copper ball surmounted by a cross, and shortly after a two-story frame pastoral residence was built, adjoining the church, on the north. Upon the authority of the venerable Father Lynch, it is stated that the averment that the church was called St. Patrick is untrue; when the German members withdrew and formed St. Nicholas church, the congregations were designated as the German and Irish Catholics; as the titular designation of the original church was seldom mentioned, the logical conclusion was that as the German church was St. Nicholas, the Irish must be St. Patrick.

When the church became too small the Germans withdrew and the English-speaking members recognized the necessity of a larger building. and Patrick Keely, of Brooklyn, New York, donated the plans and specifications for a new church. A brick structure was contemplated and Mr. John P. Howard offered Father Charles P. Montgomery, the pastor at the time, all the stone required for the erection of a stone church at the cost of quarrying and hauling, and the offer was accepted, and from the time the St. John structure was razed until the new building was completed. the congregation met in the third story of the Blocksom building, at the northwest corner of Main street and Sewer alley. The cornerstone was laid March 17. 1842, the black walnut door and window frames were made by Isaac Dillon at his saw mill, at the mouth of Licking: the bell was purchased at Cincinnati, and donated by William Mattingly at a cost of $1,200.00; its weight is 2,000 pounds, height three feet one inch, and diameter three feet ten inches. December 4, 1854, Rt. Rev. Bishop Purcell consecrated St. Thomas' Catholic church, and it was generally known at the time, and is repeated as history, as the only concecrated edifice in the diocese, except the Cathedral at Cincinnati: the structure is a large and beautiful one, 60 by 120 feet, and cost $40,000.00.

Sunday evening, July 14, 1901. the jubilee celebration was begun by a procession from St. Thomas' to St. Nicholas' church and return, in charge of Father Farmer, the present pastor, and led by the venerable Father Lynch; first were the small school boys and girls: next, single and married women, followed by the men, in all about 1,250 persons.

Parish School

The parish school, attached to St. Thomas' church, was established in the basement of old St. John's church, in 1838, by Father Wilson, the pastor, and was maintained there until the removal of the building, in the spring of 1842, to erect the new church; the school was then conducted in an old building, opposite the church, at the southwest corner of Sewer and Spruce alleys, on the rear of the lot lately known as the "hay market.'' It remained there only a short time, as Father Montgomery, who became pastor, leased ground from the McIntire estate at southeast corner of Sixth and Center streets, where the High school now stands, and erected a parish school house of two rooms, which was occupied about ten years. May 3, 1854, the tier of lots from Spruce alley to North street, on the west side of Fifth street, was purchased from E. Buckingham, and in 1855, a two-story brick building was erected and occupied; in 1856, St. Columbia's Academy building, with basement and two stories of brick, was erected at the north end, and occupied as a young ladies' boarding school until 1873; in July, 1861, it was partially destroyed by fire, but was immediately rebuilt and a third story added. The school is taught by sisters of the order of St. Francis.

The St. Patrick's Benevolent Society was organized March 17, 1859, but is not now in existence ; when President Lincoln called for troops, in 1861, the society had $500.00 in the treasury and at once voted the entire sum to equip men for service. As the monev had been collected for charitable purposes and there was no necessity for the sacrifice, the contribution was declined with thanks and an expression of the appreciation of the patriotic motives which prompted the loyal Irishmen to vote their hard-earned savings to such a purpose.

St. Nicholas Catholic Church

In 1842 the male German communicants of the Catholic church, at Zanesville, forty-one in number, formed the congregation of St. Nicholas' church, and the original stone church, 45 by 60 feet, was dedicated December 1, 1842, by Rt. Rev. John Baptist Purcell, bishop, of Cincinnati. The first pastor was Rev. Joseph Galligher, who was instituted December 26, 1842. About 1860-1, an addition, thirty-six feet in length, was made, and during the pastorate of Rev. Magnus Eppink, in 1870, the brick school building, with five rooms, convent with six rooms, and pastorate, were erected. The original site was upon the brow of the hill at the head of Main street, but in 1885 the lot between Main and Silliman streets, extending to Greenwood avenue, was purchased and terraced, forty stone steps erected to the front of the church, and the building given extensive repairs, and December 6, 1892, the golden jubilee of the church was celebrated.

The present pastor, Rev. A. L. Leininger, came December 6, 1893, and when Main street and Greenwood avenue were graded and paved, a meeting of the congregation was held January 16, 1897, and it was decided to grade the church lot, and the succeeding day men and teams were at work; during the following year a meeting of the congregation was held to devise methods for erecting a new church building. The entire charge of the work was placed in the pastor's hands, and his fidelity and adaptability for the commission is evinced in the beautiful structure which was erected under his supervision. The corner-stone was laid Sunday, July 10, 1898, by Rt. Rev. John A. Watterson, D. D.. bishop of Columbus, succeeding an imposing parade of resident and visiting church societies, and December rr, 1898, the same eminent prelate blessed a large bell, weighing 2,600 pounds, which was christened "St. Anthony," the gift of the tireless pastor.

The building is in the Romanesque style of architecture, similar to St. Peter's, at Rome, and St. Mark's, at Venice, and covers an area of 80 by 118 feet; the exterior finish is mottled brick with terra cotta trimmings, and a large semicircular panel, in inlaid mosaic, over the front entrance, representing the landing of Columbus, designed and executed by Zanesville manufacturers; a graceful dome crowns the structure, and the roof of the entire building is red slate; the floors are of tile and the lighting is by electricity. The stained-glass windows in the auditorium are gifts from church societies, or memorials of deceased pastors, members or relatives, and the figures portrayed are all life size.

The dedicatory services were conducted Sunday, August 27, 1899, by Rt. Rev. Leo Haid, D. D., O. B., bishop of North Carolina; the exercises were opened at 10:30 a. m., when the exterior walls were consecrated and when a similar rite had been performed for the interior walls the vast audience was admitted and high mass was celebrated by Father Leininger. At 2 p. m. a parade of the Catholic societies was had, the first division formed of un-uniformed and the second of the uniformed bodies.

The parochial schools are conducted by Sisters of St. Francis, and are in flourishing condition, the average attendance being about two hundred. The school was opened in 1842, in a small frame building, upon the site of the present structure.

St. John'S English Evangelical Lutheran

There appears to be no real difference in the creeds of the three congregations worshiping at Seventh and Harvey streets, Seventh and South streets, and Sixth and South streets, but each holds to a different system or form of government; their festivals and observances appear identical to the layman not acquainted with the technical ecclesiastical distinction which may exist and which are comprehended by the adherents: at one period they seem to have been one organization and the inception of the St. John's congregation is more logically attributable to a desire on the part of the English-speaking members to conduct services in a familiar tongue.

The church fixes its origin at the time of the pastorate of Rev. Kaemmerer, who was pastor of the church at Seventh and South streets, in 1820, and who was in charge when the English members formed their congregation, in 1839, with sixty signers, and purchased, for $3,000.00. the brick church formerly occupied by the Episcopalians, at the southeast corner of South and Sixth streets. which was dedicated December 2. 1841.- with Rev. Amos Bartholomew as first pastor.

From September 30. 1855. to June I. 1870. there was no settled pastor. and the congregation was practically disbanded: the trustees held the church building, and in 1869 a traveling missionary learned of the conditions. organized a Sunday school. re-organized the congregation, and June 1, 1870. Rev. M. C. Horine was installed pastor: since then the congregation has been vigorous, and upon the death of Rev. Wutr: Ruthrauff. in 1876, Rev. Franklin Richards became pastor, November 26. under whose vigilance and prudence the church became prosperous. The old church had become dilapidated. and the corner-stone of a new one was laid June 2, 1878. and December I. 1878. the thirtv-seventh anniversary of the dedication of the first church. the present ornamental edifice was dedicated on the original site. In Igo04.a handsome brick parsonage was rected in South street. adjoining the church. and the sorrow of the congregation at the death of their venerable pastor. September 11, 1904. after nearly twenty-eight years' service, was shared by members of other congregations. who recognized in him one who practiced the precepts he so eloquently inculcated.

Trinity German Evangelical Lutheran

In 1844 Rev. George Bartels began his pastorate at Zanesville, and organized this congregation, March 16, 1845, with the names of thirty-two men attached to the first constitution. The original church, erected upon the present site, northeast corner of Seventh and Harvey streets, was enlarged, and in 1866 the present brick edifice was built, at a cost of $30,000.00, and furnished with a powerful pipe organ. Although the congregation is largely German, during recent years services have been frequently conducted in the English tongue. An effort was made in 1860 to organize a parish school, and after a brief existence it was discontinued by reason of the death of the teacher ; in 1866 it was re-opened, but was not successfully conducted until 1871, in which year the brick school house was built at a cost of $2.000.00. A local board of education, of which the pastor is ex-officio member, has charge, the expenses being met by subscription.

German Evangelical

Early in the last century Lutherans were accustomed to meet at private houss for religious service, the first of these "cottage meetings." as they were styled, being held at Fourth and South streets. An occasional itinerant preacher was secured, and in 1818 the congregation had grown sufficiently to enable the members to erect a small irame building, at the southwest corner of Seventh and South streets. in which was placed a pipe organ, made by L. P. Bailey, the famous organ-builder of the city. In 1864 the present brick structure was erected. and in 1904 the front was remodeled. a steeple added, stainedglass windows inserted, and other improvements made. at a cost of $4.000.00. The church does not maintain a parish school.

German United Brethren In Christ

The original congregation of this church consisted of nine persons, all from the families of Christian and Christopher Bischoff. Frederick Greul. and Henry Veit Bauer, who were formally organized at the home of Frederick Greul, in Eighth street, April 8, 1865. by Rev. Casper Streich, who had been sent for the purpose by the German Conference of United Brethren. The present brick church, 28 by 60 feet, with the pastor's residence in the rear, on the west side of Seventh street, between Market street and Fountain alley, was built in 1866, at a cost of $4,000, and until its erection the congregation met at each other's houses. The present membership is one hundred and thirty-three, and a Young People's society has an enrollment of seventy-five ; a large Sunday school has always been maintained and possesses a good library. The church has no debt and plans are being considered for remodeling the building.

The Church Of Christ

During the initial period of the formation of this congregation the members met at each other's houses, and in 1870 an organization was effected and meetings were held in Haver's hall, in Putnam avenue, for a few years, and later in a small hall in Fifth street; there was no pastor, but occasional meetings were held by evangelists, and the membership was gradually increased. Worrell's hall, at the corner of Linden avenue and Lee street, was obtained and the social meetings, with occasional preaching and evangelistic services, were held, and a Sunday school organized. It was then determined to erect a permanent religious home, and the lecture room of the church building, at the northeast corner of Amelia and Park streets, was erected and evangelistic services were conducted in it during February and March, 1888, which added so many to the church and so strengthened its vitality that the completion of the church was determined upon and the structure completed in June of that vear, during the pastorate of Rev. E. S. DeMliller, its first pastor, the dedicatory services being conducted June 29, by Rev. Robert Moffett, of Cleveland. Twelve pastors succeeded, with occasional short periods, when the congregation was without a head, until July 13, 1902, when the present pastor, Rev. Asa MeDaniel, began his labors, during which the church has been repaired interiorly, and the society brought to a condition of financial freedom and comfort.

Congregation Alism

First Congregational church. During 1884 a number of persons met at the home of L. D. Dillon to consider the expediency of forming a new religious society: two succeeding meetings were held at the residence of W. E. Atwell, nines and November 13 a fourth was held at Mr. Dillon's; at a meeting one week later, an invitation was extended to Rev. E. I. Jones, of Newark, to address a meeting in the probate court room, November 28, which he complied with, and after an explanation of the doctrines and usages of Congregationalism, it was unanimously evening preached in the probate court room; temporary officers were chosen and the home of Mr. Dillon was selected for weekly praper and business meetings. The first Sunday services were held January 4, 1885, at 10:45 a. m., and January 7 permanent officers were chosen and the

February 24, which was attended by six clerical and four lay delegates, when Dr. G. M. Weller stated the reasons for desiring the organization of a Congregational church and the action already taken thereon; the council unanimously approved the action, and the new church began with forty members. Services were held in Odd Fellows' hall, Black's Music hall, a room over Weller's drug store, Second Presbyterian church, and in a room in the market house. Rev. George D. Herron, D. D., was first pastor, and two vears later was succeeded by Rev. Thomas Clayton, under whose pastorate a lot was purchased at the southwest corner of Sixth street and Cyprus alley, and a brick church building erected in 1888, at a cost of $6,500.00. Succeeding pastors have been: Revs. D. I. Jones, Carlos H. Hanks, J. Addison Seibert. J. Alexander Jenkins, and Charles H. Couch.

Second Congregational church was organized about 1898, in the Union Sunday School building, at Wortley's station, on the Adamsville road, and was disbanded in \arch, 1905, with a membership of about forty members. Services were held in the Sunday School building under Revs. Fred. C. Smith and Charles E. Keller, but the neighborhood was unable to sustain the organization.

Weslexan Atethodist Church

The African Weslevan \lethodist church was organized July 24, 1875. and occupied a frame building i in Moorehead avenue, east of Blue avenue, erected in 188 87: when the congregation dissolved it came into possession of the Weslevan Methodists, and is known as the "Union Mission." It has no connection with the Salvation Army, but its labors are in the same field of evangelical work.

Free Methodist

Tent meetings were held in the Seventh ward, and the number of accesions was so encouraging that in tgot a combined frame church ancl pastor's residence was erected in Clover street.

Hebrew Congregations

Jacob Shonfield, Benjamin S. Dryfus, Herman Weber, Jacob Wollner, Simon Goodman, L. Kraus, A. Kohn, Adolphus Hartman, W. Freedman and L. Freedman assembled at Nevitt's hall to form a Hebrew congregation. Wolf Drvfus presided, and B.S. Dryfug acted as secretary ; M. Steinfeld and B. S. Dryfus were appointed to draft a constitution and by laws, which were re- ported September 27, and adopted, and a permanent organization effected with Wolf Dryfus, president; MM. Steinfeld, vice president; Max Cahen, treasurer: B. S. Dryfus, secretary; W. Freedman, J. L. Dryfus and R. Shonfield, trustees.

In March, 1869, a teacher was obtained and in August the society was incorporated, and October 5, 1873, became, a member of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations. Meetings were held in_ the Nevitt building, northwest corner, and "the Stevens building, southwest corner of Main and Seventh streets, and at present assemblies are held in the hall in east end of second floor of the Richards' building. corner Market and Fourth streets. The Society is owner of the Hebrew cemetery, three miles west of the city, on the National road.

>eth Abraham, the Hungarian Benevolent Society was organized in 1874, and met at Main and Seventh streets: about 1895-6 it was converted into a religious body, and erected a frame tabernacle in north Sixth street, near Howard, which 1s known as Beth Abraham.

Rodef Sholom is an orthodox Hebrew coneregation which was organized about 1882, and maintains the strict Mosaic practice, and holds its meeting at Main and Seventh streets.

Episcopal

The organization of this congregation 1s attributable to Henry -\dkinson and Samuel Gazawav: the former was a minister, and lived on the east side of Seventh street, between Market street and Fountain alley. adjoining the home later occupied by one Fielding. at whose home the society is alleged to have been formed. Fielding was a runaway slave, not interested in church work and was not a resident of the city when Adkinson and Gazaway organized the congregation in 1822-3. -Adkinson's name appears prominently and frequently in the early records of the A. A. E. church, but Fielding's never. Shortly after organization, services were held in a small building in Canal street, and the first church was a small brick, near the river bank, between Sixth and Seventh streets: the congregation then moved to the frame school house, on Putnam Hill, and from there into a frame erected in Ninth street, near South, where a Sunday school was organized; a few years later the small brick church, formerly occupied by the \fethodist Protestants, or Rad- 'cals. at the northeast corner of South street and Potter alley, was purchased and upon this site, in 1876, the present brick building forty-five by sixty-five feet, was erected, at a cost of $7,000.00.

African Wesleyan Methodist

Sixteen members of the above mentioned congregation withdrew and organized the African Wesleyan Methodist church, July 24, 1875, by authority of the Miami conference. The first religious meetings were held in the Seventh ward school house, from which a removal was made to Best's hall, northwest corner of Main street and Potter allev, and later a frame was built, twentytwo by thirty feet, in the Seventh ward, at a cost of $600.00; the last pastor was Joseph Bane, who died about 1885.

Enitial Industries

It is not contemplated, nor is it possible or practicable. to enumerate the inception and development of each industrial and commercial enterprise which has been conducted in the city. Lack of authentic records, space and interest to the reader preclude such statistical compilations, and only a brief summary will be presented of the pioneers of the more essential and important handicrafts and occupations. Muskingum county began its corporate existence March 1, 1804, and the most reliable sources of information at command show that the following industries were practiced in the town during the ensuing fall:

Blacksmiths. Jacob Funk arrived in 1802, and established himself at the northeast corner of \lain and Court alley, and in 1804 was succeeded by Solomon Groves: Christian Spangler came in 1803, and located at the northeast corner of Main and Third streets.

Brick. In 1802 James Herron, at the head of \fain street, and Brazilla Rice, at the head of \larietta street, were engaged in manufacturing brick. and the latter followed the trade of bricklaver.

Carpenters. Lewis and Smith were employed by McIntire in May, 1801, but they do not appear to have remained, and Allen McLain, in 1804, was the first settler.

Coal. [frederick Betz arrived during 1804, and brought the first coal to Zanesville, with two horses and two oxen hitched together, wood having previously been the only fuel.

Gunsmith. [lijah Ross came during 1804, and located at Second street and Locust alley : he was drafted in 1812, but detailed to remain at home and repaired arms for the troops: in 1816 he removed to \West Zanesville, but returned in 1822. and resided in South Sixth street, and later in Alain street, near Seventh.

Hatters. In 1803 David and James Herron built a large log cabin in Mud Hollow, and made the first felt hats in the town: they quarreled, and the legal controversy which ensued was maintained for several years, rivaling. in local annals. the celebrated case of Jarndice vs. Jarnidice, and terminated in David wasting all his property.

Hotels, or Taverns. In t7yy John Melntire erected a large log cabin at Second and Market streets, and in the same year John Green built a story and a half double log cabin at the head of Main and opposite Silliman street: other hotels were; William Raynolds, at the southwest corner of Main and Seventh streets : John Cordery, at the northwest corner of Main and Sixth streets: in 1803 Robert Taylor opened a hotel in a large, hewed log house, at the southwest corner of Main and Sixth streets, which was known as the Rising Sun, and in 1808 was changed to the Red Lion, by Pratt, and in 1816 to the General \Washington, hy Flood; in 1800 David Harvey built a two-story log hotel at the southwest corner of Main and Third streets, and bought a right of way for a road to the lower ferry: this diagonal lane was known as Harvev's Bridle Path, and its course may still be seen in the private alley opening upon the north side of South street, immoediately west of Third: in (Rog Paul Hahn built a double cabin of one and one-half stories, at Fourth and Canal streets.

Masons. In 17ygg Melntire had a mason, named David Beam, to erect a chimnev at his cabin, but he does not appear to have become a resident, and in 1800 Ehenezer Buckingham arrived,

Alerehants. The first store was Opened in t8o0r, at the northwest corner of Main anil Third streets, by John and Inerease Mathews: their hook, still extant, was opened March 31, prices of numerous articles are stated, 57¢¢ pins, per paper, 37¢: muslin 7G¢

FOSS GEN TEAS Ip 2tes CAC Om alee muslin, SiQ3) nails) 25¢% stockings... Si6Ocius sari moved to Putnam, and the first resident merchant was. Jeffrey Price, whovarrived, in, 1802, id opened a store at southwest corner of First street and Fountain alley, and in t803 Monroe and Convers were at Alain and First streets,

A practical illustration of the difference between individual and corporate industry is furnished in the upbuilding of every pioneer settlement: each settler came with the expectation of improving his condition by personal effort ; there Were no corporations, and the largest aggregation of capital was the combined small savings of two or three men in partnership, each of whom worked for the common good. There could have been no settlement of the country without such personal incentive and effort; each man was master of his own little enterprise, and while some Were stronger in resources and credit than others. the opportunity for success was vastly superior than under combination conditions. The business enterprises of the early settlement succeeding those numerated when the county began were:

Bakery. In 1807 Mrs. Samuel Parker, Mrs. Christian Spangler and Alrs. Dr. Hillier baked bread and cakes, in dutch ovens, for home consumption and sale to travelers passing through; bread was a fip (64 cents) per loaf, and cakes ranged as high as a bit (25 centS)2 liathestee lowing year, L. Hatman opened a hake shop at the southwest corner of Seventh and Center Streets.

Bookbinding was inaugurated by J. S. Skinner and Company, in 1816, but in the following year the business was sold to A. S. Pennington and Company, and by them reconveyed to the original Proprietors in the succeeding reat... The Muskiggum j/essenger established a lindery, which was sold to E. T. Cox and Company, May 22, 1822,

Brewery, The name of the first brewer has been lost, but he began business at northwest corner of Fifth and South streets, and in 1807 sold to George Painter, who sold to Jacob Young. in ISt1, and the business was discontinued in 1815. In 1808 Spencer Lahew opened a brewery, but the site is unknown: November. 1813, William Marshall started in the business on the site of the present power house, whieh was sold in 1815 to Barton and \MeGowan, and changed into a disllery. Tn 1816 Joseph Lattimore ereeted a brewery, which passed to Ballentine and Company in 1820, who conducted it. six years and converted it intoa grist mill. Several similar ventures were made, but each proved unremunerative, possibly because the stronger beverage was so cheap and more adapted to the frontier palate. The first brewery that flourished was established by Chris-

Brick. Those used in the construction of the court house of 1809, were burned by John Lee, near Underwood street, and 1810 James S. Parkinson was extensively engaged in this industry on a farm two miles southeast of the city, in the Marietta road.

Butchers. When Michael Sockman arrived, in 1805, he opened a meat shop at the northeast corner of Fifth and South streets, his slaughter house being in the rear upon Mud Hollow, whose waters carried away the offal; later he had a shop in Court alley, where the Stolzenbach bakery is now erected.

Carpenters. During 1805 John Van Horne, William Craig, and Thomas Moorehead arrived ; in 1806, Daniel McLain, John A. Cochran and Samuel Chapman, and in 1808, Gilbert Blue and Joseph Hockney.

Carpet weavers. In 1812 carpet weaving was done in a room on Fourth street, and in 1818 James Covington engaged in the business west of town.

Chairs. John Arter arrived in 1806 and manufactured hard bottom chairs and spinning wheels : the latter were of the greatest value, as each housewife was obliged to spin, and female education was incomplete without such knowledge. Flax was sown and sheep were reared for the raw material: ready made clothing was unknown, and swains wagered upon the skill of their sweethearts. Arter's skill was, therefore, in great demand and his orders multiplied rapidly: people came from long distances and waited their turn for spinning wheels as they did at grist mills. In 1807-8 he erected a dwelling on the west side of Third street, north of Fountain alley, which was removed within a few years, in which was preached the first Lutheran sermon delivered in Zanesville.

Distillery. In addition to the converted brewery of Barton and McGowan, in 1815 Valentine Best, Joseph Sheets and John Sidell paid taxes as distillers, but the location of the plant is not given.

Edged tools. In 1818 John Mackey opened a shop for the manufacture of augurs, etc., near Market and Third streets, and in the ensuing year William McCurdy manufactured hoes, augers and similar tools at Fifth street and Fountain alley.

Engines. In 1830 John D. Dare and Elias Ebert built the first steam engine at Zanesville ; in 1832 Dare, Whitaker and Company were in the business and continued until 1837, when Ebert and Whitaker withdrew and erected new shops at Main and Sixth streets, which were operated until 1840, when Ebert and Mark Lowdan built on south Fifth street. They went into bankruptcy with others in 1857, and the plant passed to Griffith and Wedge in 1858.

Express. A pony express was inaugurated by the postoffice department, in 1836, for important mail and light parcels, the time between Columbus and Zanesville being five hours; in 1846 an express business was established by stage lines between Zanesville and Wheeling and July, 1854, the Adams Express Company acquired the business. The first exclusive express company was the American, which opened an office April 1, 1852, with A. C. Ross, as agent ; for many years the Adams had no competitor but the B. & O. contended for a share after 1880.

Files. Henry Rockwell established a file cutting in 1854, and continued the business, on the north side of Main street, near Eighth, until his decease some thirty years later.

Foundry. In 1819 Thomas L. Pierce established a foundry at Locust and Beach alleys, which was purchased in 1827 by Richmond and Bostwick ; in 1832 John A. Adams and Benjamin Wheeler succeeded to the business and moved it, in 1839, to the site of the present Third street foundry: in 1848 the firm became Gilbert and Wheeler, and in 1863 Sullivan and Herdman became owners: in 1866 Charles H. Jones joined the firm, and in 1871 Charles H. Abbott came in and the business was conducted by Jones and Abbott until 1903, when Jones became sole proprietor.

In 1826 William Blocksom and John T. Fracker erected a foundry in Fountain alley, between Seventh and Underwood streets, from which Fracker withdrew in 1833, and George Wand, A. P. Blocksom and Henry Blandy came in, and the firm became Blocksom, Blandy and Company. The furnace and forge at Dillon's Falls, were leased until 1835, and in 1838 a new partnership was formed under the old name and operations continued until 1840, when Blandy withdrew. For a number of years the plant was idle, and January 1, 1866, William H. Shinnick, Daniel Hatton, George D. Gibbons and W. J. Woodside as Shinnick, Hatton and Company, took possession and enlarged the works; in 1870 the name was changed to Shinnick, Woodside and Gibbons, and later incorporated as 'Whe Shinnick, Woodside and Gibbons Company, and as the Union foundry the business was continued until 1902, when the plant was closed.

In 1839 John T. Fracker and Son opened a small foundry at the southwest corner of Sixth street and Locust alley, for small castings, which was conducted under several names until 1870.