Trempealeau County, Wisconsin - Biographical sketches, 1917 (part 17 of 20)

Daniel Bigham is one of the earliest pioneers of Trempealeau County. Making his first trip to this State with his parents as a boy from his home in New York State in 1856, he became acquainted with some of the leaders among the first settlers in this region, and one of his greatest delights is in recalling incidents and events in the lives of the sturdy frontiersmen of those now far-distant days. His experiences also embraced pioneer lumbering when the great forest wealth of Wisconsin was first being developed, and when the La Crosse sawmills in which he was employed were the rendezvous of many of the early lumbermen since prominent in the industrial history of the State. He was born in Putnam County, New York, Nov. 25, 1843, the son of James and Catherine (McVoy) Bigham, and of Scotch-Irish ancestry. He entered the schools of his native county as a youth, and at the age of 13, in 1856, was brought by his parents to Glencoe Township, Buffalo County, this State, where he assisted in developing a pioneer farm, and at times attended such schools as the time and place afforded. Although he left school at a comparatively early age, he has been a deep reader, and has thus acquired a substantial education. As a young man he worked during the lumbering seasons in the sawmills of La Crosse for ten years. In the meantime he purchased 117 acres in section 1 and section 6, range 9, in Arcadia Township, and in 1864 he took up his home thereon. This was entirely a wild tract, but he set to work with a will, firm in the purpose of developing as good a place as could be found in the community. His first house was a small frame structure, 16 by 22 feet. In 1875 he erected a more modern home, with an upright, 18 by 26 feet, and an ell, 16 by 22 feet, a 12 by 12 kitchen being added later, so that now it is a sightly, comfortable structure of 11 rooms. As prosperity increased he erected a fine barn, 30 by 74 feet, with 16-foot posts, and a full basement with 9-foot posts. He also erected a granary 16 by 24 by 12 feet, and other buildings of various descriptions. With the progress of years he developed an excellent farm, and for many years successfully carried on general farming, making a specialty of the dairy type of grade Shorthorns, and Shropshire sheep. In 1875 he rented his farm and moved to Arcadia. Three years later he returned to the place, but in 1909 he retired permanently. He has a beautiful home and two extra lots on the hill in Arcadia, and here he and his good wife are enjoying the fruits of their many hard years of incessant toil. His public service has been extensive. For six years he was chairman of Arcadia Township, and as such did most efficient service as a member of the county board. For seven years he gave satisfaction as township assessor. For many terms he was clerk of his school district. Now he is justice of the peace, in which position he has served for some time. His business holdings include stock in the Trout Run Farms, of which he is president, in the Trempealeau County Farmers' Mutual Fire. Insurance Company, in which he is a director, and in the Farmers' Shipping Association of Arcadia. Mr. Bigham was married March 24, 1868, to Florence Caldwell, born in Clinton County, N. Y., Feb. 22, 1849, daughter of James and Jane (Stark) Caldwell, the former of whom, a carpenter, brought the family to Fountain City from New York State in 1855. Mrs. Bigham has been her husband's inspiration in all his undertakings, a splendid housewife, a loving wife and devoted mother. Mr. and Mrs. Bigham have three children : Orrie May, Alice Myrtle and Roy E. Orrie May was born March 12, 1869, graduated from the Arcadia High School and the River Falls Normal School, and is now a proficient teacher in the public schools of La Crosse. Alice Myrtle was born July 21, 1871, graduated from the Arcadia High School and taught in the Arcadia schools for several years. Her special interest has been in the public library work in Arcadia. Her husband. Dr. J. A. Palmer, now a first lieutenant in the United States Medical Corps, is one of the county's most distinguished citizens. Roy E. was born May 30, 1879, graduated from the Arcadia High School and from the law department of the University of Wisconsin, and is now practicing successfully his profession near Portland, Ore. He married Tennie Talbot and has two daughters : Florence and Frances.

Ole P. Christiansen was born in Norway, Dec. 29, 1846, and was there reared. At the age of 21 he came to America, and located in Dane County, this State. Five years later he came to Trempealeau County and acquired 120 acres in Unity Township. This he successfully worked for a while, but in 1879 sold out and went to North Dakota. A year later, in 1880, he returned, married, and secured a farm of 120 acres three miles north of Strum. There he lived until 1911, when he moved to Strum. His wife, Paulina Olson, was born in Norway, March 20, 1865, and was brought to America by her parents at the age of 7 years. Mr. and Mrs. Christianson have five children: Malner P., the Strum miller; Johanna, who died in infancy ; Josephine, the wife of Peter Smengson, of North Dakota ; Otelja, who died in childhood, and Olga, a telephone operator.

Malner P. Christianson is the proprietor of the Strum Mill, one of the most important enterprises in the village. Born on the home farm three miles north of Strum, Jan. 7, 1881, he remained with his parents, Ole P. and PauUna (Olson) Christianson, until 1910. Then, after a year in the West, he bought the mill which he now conducts. The mill is a substantial structure, 24 by 46 feet, erected in 1901 by Henry Ruseling, now of Eleva. Power is furnished by a 38-horsepower gasoline engine, and the equipment includes a 20-inch grinder and a cob cracker. The capacity is about 30 tons a day. In addition to doing a general grist-mill business, Mr. Christian-

George W. Graul, proprietor of the Maple Lawn Dairy Farm of 320 acres in sections 22 and 26, Burnside Township, has a large and well equipped place which will compare favorably with the best in the county. He is an excellent type of the modern farmer, and conducts his operations along the latest approved lines, taking pride in the appearance of his home, his barns, his farm and his stock. He was born in Fond du Lac County, this State, Jan. 24, 1877, son of Emil and Caroline (Schedler) Graul, the former of whom was born in Milwaukee, Sept. 2, 1845, and the latter in Germany, Dec. 1.3, 1846. Emil Graul, although born in Milwaukee, was reared in Sauk County, this State. He subsequently lived two years in Fond du Lac and three years in Winona, Minn. In 1881 he bought the farm now operated by his son George W. and conducted it until the spring of 1905, when he and his wife retired and went to live in Independence. George W. Graul was reared from early childhood on his parents' homestead, on which he found abundant opportunity to become acquainted with agricultural methods, finally developing into a good, practical farmer. For a number of years he helped his father and then, in 1905, rented the home farm, operating it on that basis until 1915. In the latter year he bought the quarter section in section 26, but rents the other quarter section in section 22 from his father. The residence on his property was built in 1893, and is a frame two-story and basement dwelling, well constructed and convenient. In 1916 a barn was built, 40 by 140 by 14 feet above stone basement, with cement floors, having room for 100 head of cattle and 20 horses. The south side of the basement is composed entirely of windows, giving an abundance of light. All the buildings on the farm are also lighted with electricity from Mr. Graul's own plant. The silo is of frame construction, 18 by 30 feet in dimensions. Mr. Graul raises graded Holstein cattle, having a herd of 60 head, of which he milks 30. He also has 50 head of Poland-China hogs, feeds 200 head of sheep a year, and keeps Buff Leghorn chickens and Toulouse geese. His farm is all fenced with woven wire fencing 42 inches high. April 7, 1905, Mr. Graul was united in marriage with Annie Loretz, of Buffalo County, Wis., daughter of John and Salome (Loretz) Loretz, the former of whom died in 1915, and the latter in 1904. Mr. and Mrs. Graul have three children, born as follows: Morris, June 12, 1906; Emil, June 6, 1908, and Laura, Oct. 11, 1911. The family are members of the German Evangelical Church, of which Mr. Graul was formerly a steward, also teaching a class in the Sunday school. Since 1898 he has been school clerk of his district.

John Markham was born at "Becca" Hall, near Leeds, Yorkshire, England, on June 6, 1797. The family traces its ancestry from a period immediately anterior to the Norman conquest, down to the present time. The first pubhshed history of the family was prepared and the data accumulated by David Markham, a younger brother of John Markham, who had spent some twenty years in the work, but had not completed his task when death overtook him, and the final publication in 1854 was consummated by David's son. Sir Clements Robert Markham, afterward president of the

Royal Geographical Society of England, who again in 1915 published a second and very complete history of the family in two volumes. John Markham's grandfather was Archbishop of York, who was chaplain to King George II and afterward to King George III, and directed the education of the Prince of Wales and Duke of York, and presided over the See of York for 31 years to the time of his death. When but 13 years of age John entered the British navy, where he served several years, attaining the office of lieutenant, but upon sustaining a sunstroke while on the India station he was obliged to retire. In 1834 he was married to Marianne G. D. Wood, daughter of I. B. Wood, Esq., by whom he had five sons, the oldest of whom, John, served in the army and was for years British consul to Hong Kong, China ; he married and had two daughters, Florence and May, neither of whom married, and the wife and two daughters surviving him still are living at Rai-Gate, England. The second son, George Henry Markham, was born Jan. 24, 1837, in Yorkshire, England, where he and his brothers received their education under private tutors. He came to America with his father, mother and brother, Arthur Augustus Markham, leaving their then home on the Island of Guernsey on Aug. 13, 1856, and becoming the first settlers at the present site of the village of Independence, Trempealeau County, obtaining from the Government and by purchase a large tract of 'land north and east of the confluence of Elk Creek with the Trempealeau River. This farm became well known far and near, due to the residence later built thereon located on a considerable eminence at the base of a hill facing the south and east and commanding a magnificent view. This house, commonly known as the Markham castle, was built with eight sides, octagonal, and originally comprised four stories, including an observatory at the top. This house was the home of George H. Markham until 1912, when he sold his half of the old homestead - his brother Arthur still owns and occupies the other half of the farm - and has since resided in the village of Independence. The third son, Frederick, died in youth. The fourth son, Arthur Augustus Markham, was born at Bagnere de Bigorre in the Pyrenees, France, on June 8, 1840. Here also the last son, Albert Hastings Markham, was born Nov. 11, 1841. He entered the navy prior to his parents and brothers coming to America and through rapid promotion finally became admiral of the fleet. His post immediately prior to his reaching the age of compulsory retirement was at Sheerness, England. He made several trips into the Arctic Sea in quest of the North Pole and commanded a sledging expedition from his ship in 1878, establishing at that time the farthest northern record. He wrote several books on the question of Arctic exploration, and also several biographical works, among them "Life of Sir John Franklin" and "Life of Sir Clements Markham," which latter work is now just being published. He was knighted by King Edward, with whom he was quite intimate, there being a great similarity in the facial appearance of the two men. His wife, Dora Jervers, and one daughter, Joy Markham, reside with him in the city of London.

George H. Markham, pioneer, assemblyman and public official, is one of the county's most notable citizens, and has had a most remarkable influence upon its destinies for more than 60 years. Of distinguished ancestry and bearing, he is a genial, courteous gentleman of the old school, and he and his good wife, a most gracious and kindly lady, have delighted in dispensing cordial hospitality for considerably over half a century. George H. Markham was born in Yorkshire, England, Jan. 24, 1837, son of John and Marianne G. D. (Wood) Markham. He led the little group of people who in 1856 settled near the mouth of Elk Creek, and here he has since continued to be a leading citizen. George H. Markham was the first town clerk of the town of Burnside, which then included the present territory of the village of Independence and the town of Chimney Rock, and served as treasurer of the town of Burnside and later as treasurer of the village from its incorporation in 1886 for 30 years or more. He represented Trempealeau County in the Assembly during the 1879 session of the State Legislature and also served his town as member of the county board when the county seat was at Galesville. At an early day he held the office of justice of the peace and frequently officiated at nuptials of the settlers in the absence of a clergyman. He was made a Mason in "Doyles" Lodge No. 99 at the Island of Guernsey in 1854 ; was a member of the Knights of Pythias Lodge at Independence and also held a chair in the Ancient Order of United Workmen, frequently representing his local lodges as delegate to the Grand Lodge of Wisconsin. He was married Oct. 8, 1862, to Fannie M. Bishop, a daughter of Dr. Edmund Bishop, of Portage City, Wis., and to this union one son, George A. Markham, was born on May 7, 1865, who for many years, and until his death on July 16, 1909, edited and published the Independence News-Wave. He was married Oct. 11, 1891, to Ada Rogers, of Osseo, Wis., an only daughter of Alfred H. Rogers, now living at Independence, who was an early settler of the town of Burnside, and left no children. Alfred H. Rogers was born in Dane County, this State, June 4, 1844, and was married at Osseo Dec. 2, 1866, to Abby Buzzell, who was born in Waukesha County, this State, April 28, 1849. Except for a year in Iowa and three years in Missouri their married life has been spent in this county.

Arthur A. Markham, a substantial pioneer of quiet tastes, was born at Bagnere de Bigorre, in the Pyrennes, France, June 8, 1840, the fourth son of John and Marianne G. D. (Wood) Markham, with whom he came to America in 1857, and to the present site of Independence in 1867, he and his parents having spent the preceding winter at Black River Falls, while his brother George H. had located the family estate at Independence. Arthur A. Markham being a younger brother of George H. and of a retiring disposition was not so well known in the community. He had no taste for public life and devoted his time almost entirely to the improvement of the large farm. He did, however, act as treasurer of the town of Burnside, being its first treasurer, and also acted as secretary of the "Grange," a farmers' organization which was quite influential in the early '70s. (The "Grange" obtained supplies from the Montgomery Company, of Chicago, the start of the mail order business.) He belonged to no secret orders, except the Good Templars. He was married June 24, 1874, to Rose C. Bishop, daughter of Collins Bishop, the first settler of Arcadia. They had six children, four boys and two girls: John Albert, born Sept. 6, 1875, and Claron Arthur, born Jan. 3, 1878, are practicing attorneys, the first named of Independence, and the last named of Beaver Dam, Wis. Marianne Emily Markham. the third child, -was bom July 21, 1883. She has not married and resides -vrith her parents on the old Marlcham farm jxist the village limits. The founh child. Fredrick Clements, -was bom June 13. 1885. He. as did his brothers and sisters, completed the course of study at the high school of Independence, and at once settled upon the old farm, after taking some advanced study at Madison in agriculture. He married Inez Leonard, of PottersviBe. Mich., July 4. 1916. The fifth child. William Hughes, -was bom Dec. 13. 1888. After his gradution at the home schools he attended Appleton College and then completed the la-w course at the Unversity of Minnesota, and is now practicing la"w at Horicon, Wis. He married Mae Spencer, of St. Charles. Minn.. June, 1915, and has one son. The sixth child, Blanche Fannie Markham. -was bom Feb. 18, 1890. who after completing the local high school took special training in music and normal work ar ; ' " " -; ' " ;.rs, at present teaching music and Enghsh

John A- Markham, former district attorney, three times president of Independence, and an active worker in the cause of advancement in his native village of Independence, is worthily fulfilling the traditions of a diBtinguished ancestry. Energetic, keen-minded and capable, he has imptBSBed his personality upon many causes which he has fostered and enoonraged, and has been especially active in behalf of the cause of ci^nc righteouBnesB and improvement, good roads and modem schools. His sightly home is one of the most attractive residences in the county, and he and his wife are widely known for their genial hospitality. He was bom Sept. 6, 1875, son of Arthur A. and Eose C. (Bishop) Markham. and spent t, 'id on the farm, receiving his education at the Independence High

Sc:. . - _:^d the L'niversity of Minnesota, from which institution he graduated in June, 1901, with the degree of Bachelor of Law and was admitted to practice law in the Supreme Court of Minnesota and later in the State of Wisconsin. That same year he and his brother, Claron Arthtir Markham, who had completed the same course of education, opened a law oflBce in the city of Beaver Dam, Dodge County, Wis., where both brothers were admitted and joined the Odd Fellows' Lodge No. 117. John A. Markham was married to Eleanor Louise Brown, eldest daughter of Capt. William E. Brown, of South Bend, Ind., on May 21, 1904. He has three sons : Arthur Wilham. bora at Beaver Dam. Wis.. May 31, 1905 ; George Francis Markham, bora Aug. 15, 1909, at Independence, Wis., and Richard Albert Markham, bora Dec. 13, 1912, at Independence. Wis. In October, 1905, John A. and ClaroD A. dissolved partnership and John A. removed to Independence, where he has since continued the practice of law. He served two terms as prosecuting attorney of Trempealeau County from 1909 to 1913 and has held various municipal oflBces, including justice of the peace and city attorney, and for the past three years has been president of the tillage of Independence. He was made a Mason at "VMiitehall Lodge No. 271 and a Roj-al Arch Mason at Arcadia, Wis.

Phillip Wolfe, an early settler in Buffalo County, long since passed away, was bom in Prussia in 1824, and came to America when a young man.

in 1849. He had learned the blacksmith's trade in his native land and after landing in this country settled first in Sj-racuse. N. Y".. where he worked at his trade. After remaining there a year, however, he went to Galena, 111., where he also followed his trade for a while. He then bought a farm in Cross Township, Buffalo County - a place that had some small improvements on it, including a log house and stable. Except for one more year spent in Galena, he continued to follow general farming in Buffalo County until his death, July 15. 1886. When he started farming here he had 160 acres in his original tract, and later bought 160 more, thus being the owner of 320 acres at the time of his death, of which 170 were under the plow, the rest being in timber and pasture. He had erected good, substantial buildings and was in comfortable circumstances. Although a farmer for so many years, he continued to work at his trade aU his life. building a shop when he moved onto the farm. As a skillful blacksmith he was widely known and had a good business. Mr. Wolfe was married in Galena, 111., to Catherine Reidinger, who died in 1S84. They had five children, whose record in brief is as follows: Phillip. Jr.. bom Feb. 14, 1857, at Fountain City, Wis., is now Uving retired in Arcadia, and is the owner of a farm in Buffalo County; Henry, born in Glencoe Township. Buffalo County. Dec. 31, 1859, is a farmer in Cross Township. Buffalo County, where he owns 1,000 acres of land : William is a prominent business man of Arcadia; Bertha, born June 11, 1863, is the wife of Christian G. Wenger, and resides in Arcadia Village : Fred, bom Oct. 24, 1865, in Cross Township, is proprietor of a hotel in Fountain City.

William R. Wolfe, a well-known business man and popular citizen of Arcadia, has taken a part in many of its important ventures, and has been especially active in fraternal affairs. He was born in Glencoe Township, Buffalo County, this State. July 31. 1S61. son of Phillip and Catherine (Reidinger) Wolfe. Reared amid pioneer conditions when his parents were struggling to develop a farm, he had to work hard as a boy, and thus had little opportunity for extensive schooUng, though his keen observation and wide reading have since given him good educational training. In the spring of 1888 he left the paternal roof and bought the Behlmer Hotel at Fountain City, which he conducted until 1890. He then came to Arcadia and went into business on Main Street opposite Hotel Cain, remaining there until 1904. when he came to his present location. Since 1905 he has been lessee and manager of the Opera House, which he has made one of the best in the State for a city the size of Arcadia, having refitted and furnished it tastefully and made every effort to secure high-class entertainments. He has for a long time given his active support to practically every local enterprise calculated to be of benefit to the community, showing in this respect a commendable degree of public spirit. He is now in comfortable circumstances, having accumulated a fair competency. At Arcadia Mr. Wolfe is a charter member of Trempealeau Tribe. Independent Order of Red Men. of which he has been treasurer, and a charter member of Maple Brook Camp. No. 24, Woodmen of the World, of which he has been clerk for four years. At Fountain City he joined Steuber Lodge. No. 280. 1. O. 0. F.. in 1SS2. At Winona he is a member of Winona Aerie. No. 1243, Fraternal Order of

Eagles. Mr. Wolfe was married Sept. 3, 1891, to Paulina, daughter of John and Rose Earney, of Cochrane, Buffalo County, and they began domestic life in Arcadia, where they have ever since resided. They have one child, Leona, who was born May 26, 1892, in Arcadia Village. She is the wife of William Knoop, who is engaged in the shoe business in Arcadia. Mr. Wolfe is a Democrat in politics and has sei'ved as treasurer of the Democi-atic County Committee for four years.

Christian Kolden, an early settler, was born in Gulbrandsdalen, Norway, and was there reared and married Ingri Ramstad, who was born Dec. 3, 1838, and died Aug. 1, 1903. They came to America in 1870, and located near Urne, in Buffalo County, this State, remaining until 1884, when he secured 120 acres in section 10, town 23, range 7, Hale Township. This farm he developed and improved, increasing the property of 200 acres, and successfully carrying on general farming. He now makes his home with his son. Die, who has the farm lying just across the road on the east. Mr. and Mrs. Kolden had five children : Ole, born Aug. 24, 1867, a farmer of Hale Township; Eldri, born June 13, 1875, in Buffalo County, who keeps house for her brother Ole; Torsten, born Jan. 16, 1878, also in Buffalo County, who died Aug. 27, 1881 ; Karen Torine, born May 16, 1880, who is the wife of Carl P. Hanson, a farmer near Onalaska, Wis. ; and Thea Lydia, born Feb. 6, 1884, who married Orville Evenson, a farmer near Whitehall. She died Nov. 6, 1907.

Ole Kolden, proprietor of the fertile Kolden Stock Farm of 160 acres in sections 9 and 16, town 23, range 7, Hale Township, is doing his full share toward developing the agricultural resources of the county. Energetic and capable, he is a successful farmer, a good neighbor and a useful citizen. He was born in Gulbransdalen, Norway, Aug. 24, 1867, son of Christian and Ingri (Ramstad) Kolden, who in 1870 brought him to America and settled in Buffalo County, this State, coming in 1884 to Hale Township, where he grew to young manhood and was trained to farm pursuits, assisting in the cultivation and development of the home farm. He bought his present farm in 1894, and moved onto it in 1908. Here he has since carried on general farming, operating it successfully, and keeping graded Holstein cattle, of which he has 30 head, with a registered sire ; about 30 head of Poland-China hogs, and a flock of White Leghorn chickens. Like other enterprising farmers, he has improved his place from time to time by the ei-ection of new buildings, installed with modern conveniences. Thus, in 1910, two years after moving onto this property, he built his present residence, a two-story and basement house of nine rooms, installed with a hot water heating system and other modern improvements. In 1915 he built a barn, 44 by 64 by 14 feet above stone basement, with an ell 32 by 20 feet for horses. The barn has cement floors and steel fixtures all through. His granary and machine shed is a frame building, 16 by 28 feet, with an ell 32 by 34. All the buildings on the farm are well constructed and present a neat appearance. As one of the substantial and prominent men of his township, Mr. Kolden has not escaped public office, but has served cheerfully as township supervisor for four years and as school clerk three years. He is a member of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America. Mr. Kolden was married, June 3, 1908, to Kari Moe, of Gary, Minn., who was born in Norway, June 18, 1878, daughter of Guttorm and Anna (Lyngve) Moe. She died April 15, 1912, leaving one child, Isabella Alvidia, who was born Nov. 6, 1910.

George A. Coy, an energetic young business man, was born in Independence, Jan. 11, 1892, the son of Elmer and Barbara (Cook) Coy, the former of whom has been a rural carrier on Route 1, out of Independence, since 1902. George A. acquired a good education, passing through the graded schools and graduating from the Independence High School in 1910. Thus prepared he entered the rural mail service as carrier on Route 3, from Independence. Two years later he went to Montevideo, Minn., learned the trade of linotype operator, and followed that line of work for a year and a half, then returning, and becoming a mail carrier on Route 3, out of Independence. In 1916 he entered into partnership with John A. Rumpel in the firm of Rumpel & Coy, and bought out the meat market of Peter Filla at Independence and built up a substantial business in meats, groceries and baked goods, and also renting the building, a substantial two-story brick building with full basement. He was married, June 8, 1915, to Katherine McClone, of Stevens Point, a graduate of Stevens Point Normal School, who was a teacher in the seventh and eighth grades of the public schools for seven years. Her parents were Edward and Sarah (Timlin) McClone, the father being now a retired farmer living at Stevens Point. Mr. and Mrs. Coy have one child, Katherine Loraine, who was born July 29, 1916.

William Van Sickle was one of the earliest settlers. Coming to this county in 1856, he and his family located in Preston Township, where they began life in true pioneer style, living for three months in a tent, while William Van Sickle hauled lumber from Merrillan to build a house. This domicile when completed measured 12 by 20 feet, and besides constructing it he made his own furniture. He had two yoke of oxen, indispensable for pioneer farming, and cut his wheat with a cradle, threshing it the first three years with a flail. His hay he cut with a scythe. For provisions the family depended largely on the game which he killed, of which there was an abundance, including bear, deer, ducks and prairie chickens. Indeed, the family had little occasion for money, as trousers were made from bagging and moccasins from cowhides, Mr. Van Sickle and his sons wearing blue denim shirts, and it was always possible to trade hay, corn, wheat or game for such articles as they could not raise or make themselves. Of course, there were inconveniences and occasional privations in connection with such a life, but these were surmounted or endured until conditions gradually improved.

Levi Van Sickle was born in Will County, 111., April 3, 1840, son of William and Carohne (Denny) Van Sickle, who brought him to Preston Township in 1856. He was reared amid pioneer conditions, residing on the home farm and assisting his father until he was 25 years old. Then, ambitious of an independent career, he homesteaded land for himself in Preston Township, taking up 160 acres, where he resided until 1879 - a period of 14 years. Having during that time considerably improved his place, he sold it and went to Blue Earth County, Minnesota, where he remained three years. He then returned to Wisconsin and rented the David Wood farm for two years. In 1884 he bought a farm in section 24, Lincoln Township, where he resided until his death. He was married, Oct. 1, 1865, to Mary Wood, daughter of Alvah Wood, and a sister of David Wood. He and his wife had four children: Cora, wife of Erwin Rumsey, who is employed in the freight depot of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway at La Crosse, they having one child, Ethel ; Alvah, a farmer in Pigeon Township, who married Grace Thompson and has one child, lone ; Estella, who resides at home, and one that died young. Mr. Van Sickle was for many years a member and trustee of the Presbyterian church at Whitehall.

John Charles Hewitt, pioneer lumberman, successful agriculturist, and gallant soldier, was born in Canada, Aug. 19, 1832. Early in hf e Mr. Hewitt became a lumberman and riverman. He was still a young man when he came to the United States and was in this country when the Civil War broke out. In that great struggle he took an active part, enlisting at La Crosse in the First Wisconsin Light Artillery, with which organization he served three years and escaped unwounded. At the close of the war he returned to La Crosse County and again took up river work as foreman for the Black River Improvement Company, soon moving from La Crosse to Bloomer, Wis., where he lived for two years. He then moved to Beef Slough, near Nelson, in Buffalo County, as foreman for the Mississippi Logging Company, remaining there about five years, and subsequently returned to La Crosse County, where he purchased a farm. Not long afterward he again entered the employ of the Black River Improvement Company, working on Black River. After spending three years at this familiar work the farm again claimed his attention and he returned to it and followed agriculture until 1890, when he quit that occupation and moved to La Crosse, where he lived retired for about two years. He then came to Gale Township and purchased the farms on which his sons Charles F. and Mai'k R. now reside, and resumed agricultural operations, being thus actively engaged until 1899, when he retired and moved to Galesville, where he died Dec. 12, 1912. Mr. Hewitt was married Sept. 2, 1867, at Minnesota City, to Margaret Jane Stiltz Rooh. Margaret Jane Stiltz was born near Mansfield, Richland County, Ohio, Jan. 22, 1841, and was brought by her parents to Juneau County, in this State, in 1855. Four years later she married Jacob Rooh, who died in 1865, leaving two children, of whom Fred Rooh, of La Crosse, still survives. Mrs. Hewitt died July 7, 1917. Mr. and Mrs. Hewitt are survived by six children: Charles F., Harry B., Mark R., Frank B., Lottie and Emma. Charles F. is the State oil inspector.

Rev. Emanuel Christophersen was born in Lyngor, Norway, June 23, 1849. Parents: Christopher J. and Margrete Christophersen. At the age of 13 years he entered Drammen's Latin School and six years later matriculated at the University of Christiania. In 1873 he concluded his theological studies and after making a tour of Scotland, England, Germany and Denmark assumed the position of high school director in Gjerstad. Here he received information regarding the spiritual want among his fellow countrymen residing in America, and expressed his wiUingness to enter ministerial work among them. Through Bishop Hench he received a call from Pigeon Falls and affiliated congregations. He was ordained in Vor Preiser's church in Christiania in 1876. The 23rd of March, the same year, he married Inger Nilson, also from Lyngor, Norway, born Oct. 3, 1849, of parents Knut and Helene Nilson. Immediately afterward they emigrated to America and arrived at Whitehall May 30, 1876. Here they lived a few months until the parsonage which was being built half a mile north of Pigeon Falls was ready for occupancy. His call consisted of five congregations and a number of missionary stations. For 33 years he performed his arduous labors in this large field with rare fidelity, traveling about in rain and sunshine, summer and winter, preaching the word of Christ's gospel, administering the sacraments, comforting the sorrowful, and instructing the young. During these many years of continued pastorate in Pigeon Falls he became widely known and respected in this and neighboring counties. His manly bearing, his clean-cut character and his integrity, together with his considerable learning commanded universal recognition and esteem. In his lifework he was ably assisted by his faithful and selfsacrificing wife, whose crowning work it has been to make a home rich with joy, peace and contentment. Their married life was very happy. Eleven children were born to them. The three oldest boys, Christopher, Knut and Gotlob, all died young. The other eight living are: Anna, married to Olaf Mosbo and living at Rembrandt, Iowa; Johannes Bjorn, married to Eva Brevig and living at Roanwood, Mont.; Einar Bjorn, successor in the father's call and living at Pigeon Falls, married to Myrtle Peterson, of Trempealeau Valley; Gerhard Bjorn, married to Addie Dale and living in Superior, Wis. ; Johanne Marie, married to Rev. J. C. Johnson and Living in Frankfort, Mich.; Knut Johan, at Pigeon Falls; Ragnhild Margrete, graduate nurse of Augustana Hospital, Chicago, living in Fargo, N. D. ; Valborg, teacher in North Dakota. On the 23rd of March, 1909, the anniversary of his wedding day, he suff"ered a paralytic stroke while seated at the dinner table and died a few hours later. The funeral took place on the 29th of March. Right Reverend J. Nordby, the president of the Eastern District of the Norwegian Lutheran Synod, spoke on 1 Peter 5:10, 11. The Revs. Ramberg, Gimmestad, Urberg, Bestul, Hovde, Berrum, Vik and Kvaase delivered brief addresses. The funeral services were attended by a great host of mourners. Floral offerings were sent by many societies and individuals. A number of old parishioners served as pall-bearers from the residence of the deceased to the church. Six brother ministers carried his remains to the grave. Members of his congregations and his family have erected a beautiful monument upon his grave. At the time of his death his call consisted of three congregations : Pigeon Creek congregation, at Pigeon Falls ; South Beef River, Jackson County, and Upper Pigeon Creek, Jackson County. During his pastorate at Pigeon Falls he had preached approximately 3,150 sermons, baptized 3,079, confirmed 2,029, married 480 couples and officiated at 1,002 funerals.

Einar Bjorn Christophersen was born in Pigeon Falls, Aug. 16, 1885. His parents were Rev. Emanuel Christophersen and Inger Christophersen. In the fall of 1900 he entered the preparatory department of Luther College,

Decorah, Iowa, graduated from the preparatory department and continued in the collegiate department in 1902. He was graduated from the collegiate department, comprising a classical course, in 1906, with the degree B. A. The following year he taught school and in 1907 was admitted as a student at Luther Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. Upon completing the theological course at this institution in 1910 he was called to be his father's successor as pastor of Pigeon Creek and affiliated congregations of the Lutheran church at Pigeon Falls. On June 18, 1912, he was married to Myrtle Birdine Peterson, born Nov. 8, 1888, daughter of Bent and Anne Peterson, Trempealeau Valley. Three children have been born to them: Emanuel Bjorn, born May 9, 1913; Rolf Erling, born Aug. 19, 1915; Paul Gerhard, born May 22, 1917.

Daniel C. Dewey, the pioneer, was bom in Delaware County, N. Y., April 16, 1828, of English descent, the son of Aaron Dewey. The original ancestor in this country was Thomas Dewey, who came from Sandwich, Kent County, England, and settled in Massachusetts, where he died April 27, 1648. Daniel C. was but 4 years old when, in 1832, he removed with his parents to Cherry Valley, Ashtabula County, Ohio, where his boyhood was spent, and this early attachment made him always deeply interested in everything identified with the "Western Reserve." He came to Wisconsin when that State was but a Territory, and a few years of his youth were spent in the vicinity of Horicon, Dodge County. Later he went to Clarkson, Monroe County, N. Y., where he married. In the fall of 1852, he settled in Martin, Allegan County, Mich., where for the next five years he labored clearing up and improving a homestead. This was then a heavily-timbered country, and it is characteristic of the conditions consequent upon opening up such lands for cultivation, the felling and burning large quantities of timber, the decaying vegetation, and the steam arising from the drying of the soil heretofore shaded, almost invariably produce a state of unhealthiness, and this young couple, although each possessed of robustness fitly typical of the hardy pioneer, escaped not these malarious conditions. To avoid suffering longer, they sold their homestead and removed to Arcadia, Trempealeau County, Wis, where they arrived May 8, 1859. His brother, George D., had settled there five years previously as one of the first in this, until then, uninhabited locality by civilized men. The mother had come here in 1857, after the death of her second husband. Henry W. Dewey and Walter D. Dewey came later. Hence the Deweys must ever be regarded as among the earliest settlers of Arcadia, who made the early development of the place, promoted the welfare of the little community, and assisted in the organization of the town, and its early government. The nearest postoffice was at Fountain City, upon the Mississippi River, over 20 miles away. It was also the market place, and where supplies were purchased and drawn to the little community with ox teams over roads of the crudest and most primitive construction. The community grew, prospered and developed rapidly. The Deweys were energetic, public spirited and, it is safe to say, wei-e as potent factors in promoting the interests of the community as any therein. Daniel Dewey was for a long time a school officer. He solicited immigration, procured the establishment of mail routes, carried the mails.

laid out and built roads, nearly swamped himself financially by contributing too liberally to the building of a church. In the War of the Rebellion he enhsted in Company C, Thirtieth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, on Aug. 10, 1862, and served as sergeant of his company. One day when stationed at Camp Randall, while in charge of a squad of men who had been assigned to duty in the removal of some stone, to encourage his men he took a hand with them and, in his enthusiasm, accidentally overdid, the strain producing double hernia, and not long thereafter was discharged for disability incurred. He never fully recovered, and although his death did not occur until July 4, 1889, it is thought that this army service accident may have been the remote cause of his disease, an operation for which at the hospital in St. Paul, whither he had gone for treatment, he did not survive. Like his father, was a great reader and well informed on the political and other events of his day. In politics a Republican, though not a strong partisan. In religious matters his were the most progressive views, very genial in his nature, broad-minded in his conception of humanity, kind as a friend, fearless as an enemy, charitable, public spirited, always entertaining a deep interest in that which was deemed a benefit to the commonwealth. He suffered much pain from his disease for the last five years of life, but bore it well and did not complain. He married, June 5, 1852, at Clarkson, N. Y., Josephine M. Trumbull, daughter of William and Polly (Cropsey) Trumbull. His father was born Oct. 4, 1836, in Rensselaer County, N. Y., and died Jan. 15, 1896. After her husband's death his mother lived with her son Jay on the old homestead, and with her daughter Ida on the farm adjoining. She was of a quiet, sunny disposition, with a tendency to see only the bright side of everything of life. Young and old confided in her, knowing that their secret troubles were safely lodged in the repository of a faithful breast whose heart throbs would beat in sympathy and pour oil of soothing influence upon the troubled waters. There are three children : Ida, widow of D. L. Holcombe, of Arcadia ; Ada, widow of J. C. Haigh, of Bismarck, N. D., and Jay I., a leading citizen of Arcadia.

Jay I. Dewey, general manager of the Western Wisconsin Telephone Company, is one of the best known men in the county. For ten years he has been a most important factor in the success of the company of which he has had charge, his wide acquaintance throughout the extensive territory which the service covers, his executive ability and his genial personality, coupled with his genuine interest of all those whom his lines serve, all combining to make him an ideal man for the position. It is not alone in the affairs of this concern, however, that he is assisting in the development of the county. Since 1898 he has been president of the Arcadia Board of Education, in which time he has guided the public school of Arcadia from a small village academy to the magnificent institution which it is today; he was actively interested in the building of the present schoolhouse, and has been a leader in the installation of the vocational and recreational departments. Since January, 1914, his business experience has been of much value to the county in his exercise of his duties as president of the Trempealeau County Insane Asylum. While he has consistently sought to avoid pubhc office, he has nevertheless listened to the call of duty and has served as chairman of his township for eight years, and in other local offices, besides having been a member of numerous committees and delegations. His business holdings include extensive farming interests at Old Arcadia, and stock in the Bank of Arcadia, of which he is a director. His fraternal relations are with the Masonic order, in the Blue Lodge and Chapter of which he has passed through all the chairs. A native of Kalamazoo, Mich., where he was born Dec. 10, 1858, he is a son and nephew of two of Arcadia's leading pioneer families, his parents, Daniel C. and Josephine (Trumbull) Dewey, having brought him to Old Arcadia in 1859. He attended the public schools of Old Arcadia, and supplemented this training with courses in the Winona Business College at Winona, Minn. His early life was devoted to agricultural endeavor, and farming has since continued to be his hobby. In 1889, after his father's death, he purchased the old home farm of 40 acres, and so successfully conducted it that in time he built up his present splendid place of 298 acres of as good land as is to be found in the county. He developed the farm, remodelled the house, erected new barns and outbuildings, and for a number of years successfully carried on general farming, making a specialty of the dairy type of graded Shorthorn cattle. He now rents the farm, but still lives there. Jan. 1, 1907, Mr. Dewey listened to the request of his friends who were vitally interested in the Western Wisconsin Telephone Company and accepted his present position, in which he has since faithfully served, greatly to the credit of himself and the benefit of the community. Mr. Dewey was married, Aug. 6, 1885, to EUa Arnold, daughter of William B. and Clara (Sawyer) Arnold, the former of whom lives in Winona, and the latter of whom died in 1902. Mr. and Mrs. Dewey have had two children : Theron A., who died at the age of 2 years, and Myrrl, who died at the age of 4 years.

John Peterson, one of the early settlers in Preston Township, who did good pioneer work in helping to subdue the wilderness, belonged to that hardy Norwegian race to which the great Northwest owes much of its present civilization and prosperity. Coming to America with his wife, Mary Peterson, and two children, in 1857, he selected the State of Wisconsin as the field on which he proposed in future to fight the battle of Mfe, and after some investigation as to a favorable location, finally purchased 120 acres of land near Blair, in Trempealeau County. He found no subsequent reason to repent of his choice, and he and his wife spent half a century or more on the farm which he developed out of his originally wild tract. The early years were full of hard work demanded by the struggle with nature, but Mr. Peterson had in him the stuff of which successful men are made, and nature was finally conquered, his sons lending him their assistance as they arrived successively at the age of industrial activity. Mr. and Mrs. Peterson spent their latter years in comfort and ease, the former dying in 1902 and the latter in 1904. They were people widely known and universally respected, and their memory will survive for many years to come. Their children were : Hans C. ; Martin, who died young ; Martin (second) , now a farmer in section 3, Pigeon Township; Andrew, Peter and Albert; and Carl, Mary and Oluf, deceased. The father's name of Peterson has been changed to the family name of Johnson by the surviving children.

Martin Johnson, a retired farmer now living at Pigeon Falls, was for a number of years successfully engaged in agi'iculture in Pigeon Township. He was born in Sondreland, Norway, April 9, 1857, his parents being John Peterson and Mary Peterson, both natives of that country, who came to America in 1857, and shortly afterward settled in Preston Township, Trempealeau County. The name of Johnson has since been adopted as the family name by the surviving children. Martin Johnson was educated in the district school and resided on his parents' farm until 1880, assisting his father. He then moved to Pigeon Township, where he worked on a farm for several years, at the end of which period he purchased the farm of his wife's father in section 3, containing 80 acres. To this he subsequently added until he had a farm of 240 acres, well equipped with a good residence, barns and other buildings, on which he was profitably engaged in general farming until 1914, the year of his retirement. The farm is now being operated by his son-in-law, Jens K. Berge. Mr. Johnson was married in 1880 to Beatha T. Gunderson, who was born in Norway, daughter of Tosten and Bertha Gunderson, both of whom are now deceased. Of this union seven children were born : Bettilde Maria, Sept. 15, 1881 ; Johan Theodore, June 8, 1884 ; Olga T., Oct. 4, 1887 ; Clara H., Dec. 26, 1891 ; Clarence Helmer, June 22, 1895 ; Clara J., May 24, 1897, and Melvin B., Aug. 10, 1900. Bettilde Maria married Jens Berge, of Pigeon Falls, and they have three children : Ruth, Clarence and Laura. Johan Theodore died in 1886. Olga T. and Clara J. reside with their father at Pigeon Falls. Clara H. died Jan. 5, 1892, and Clarence Helmer July 8, 1896. Melvin B. is residing at home. Mrs. Martin Johnson, in addition to the three deceased children above mentioned, has also passed away, her death having occurred Nov. 15, 1912. The surviving members of the family belong to the United Norwegian Lutheran Church of America.

Peter KronschnabI, proprietor of the Arcadia Brewing Company, was born in Bavaria, Germany, June 29, 1870, son of Joseph and Magdalena (Gaschler) KronschnabI. Both his parents were natives of Bavaria, Germany. The subject of this sketch was reared a farmer. From the age of 7 to that of 14 he attended the public schools and then took a special course of one year, being mentioned for high honors. Having finished his schooling, he worked on a farm until he was 18, and then began to learn the brewer's trade in Regen, a small town in Bavaria. Having learned his trade by the time he was 20, he went to Mainz, in North Germany, as brew master and remained there until June 25, 1892. From that time until Dec. 7, 1902, he traveled over Germany, subsequently returning to Mainz and the people for whom he had formerly worked. March 23, 1893, a big brewers' strike took place and Mr. KronschnabI, with the others, left his position, he going to Zwiesel. The strike lasted for several months, and ended in defeat for the employees. Remaining in Zwiesel until Oct. 8, 1894, Mr. KronschnabI then went to Traxelsried, Bavaria, where he superintended the construction of a large brewery. In the fall he went to Munich and attended a brewing school there, after which he accepted a position with the Webber Bros., of Waedensweil, Switzerland, working for them as brewer until June 12, 1896. In the fall of that year he came to America, landing in New York in the month of September. Making no stay in the East, he proceeded directly to Appleton, Wis., where for a short time he was in the employ of the Munich Brewing Company. From there he went to Milwaukee, where he worked for different brewing concerns and also attended a brewing school, taking No. 4 course. May 26, 1900, Mr. Kronschnabl left Milwaukee for Waukesha and spent some time in working for different companies in order to gain a more extended experience. Feb. 1, 1901, he was sent to Bay City, Mich., to superintend the construction of a brewery. After this work was done he returned to Milwaukee, and spent a year with the Milwaukee Brewing Company, going from there in 1905 to Alpena, Mich., where he remained one and one-half years, then returned to Milwaukee, going from there to Appleton, Minn., to superintend the building of a plant. Then returning to Alpena, Mich., he remained in that city until June, 1908, when he came to Arcadia as brew master and manager of the Arcadia Brewing Company. In May, 1909, he leased the plant and still operates it under the lease. Mr. Kronschnabl was married June 25, 1898, to Anna Schoenberger, daughter of Frank and Anna (Krause) Schoenberger, and a native of Bavaria, who came to America alone in 1898. This marriage was the culmination of an acquaintance begun in the old country. After landing in New York Miss Schoenberger proceeded to Waukesha, Wis., where they were married. Of this union the children born are : Anna, April 23, 1899 ; Violet, Aug. 15. 1900 ; Mary, Aug. 6, 1902 ; Peter Paul, born March 29, 1904, who died Aug. 22, 1911, while accompanying his mother on a visit to Bavaria, and was buried in that country; Catherine, born Jan. 21, 1906; Theresa, June 25, 1912, and Peter Joseph, March 13, 1915. All except Peter Paul are living at home. Mr. Kronschnabl is independent in politics and has held no public office. He belongs to the Eagles, the Catholic Foresters, the Bonneventura and for the past 10 years has been a member of the German verein.

George Haines, who is conducting a prosperous farming business in section 8, Arcadia Township, was born in Scranton, Pa., Oct. 26, 1867. His parents, John B. and Elizabeth (Kuntz) Haines, were both born in Germany, the mother coming with her parents to the United States in 1853. They were married in Utica, N. Y., in 1853, and came by train from that city to La Crosse, Wis., in July, 1868, and then by ox team from La Crosse to Arcadia Township, Trempealeau County. On arriving here they located on what is now the Louis Remlinger farm in section 1, where they remained until the following year. In 1869 they bought 40 acres and homesteaded 160 acres in Myers Valley, section 8, Arcadia Township, and here Mr. Haines built a small house and began to make a home. His efforts were successful and he continued to work the farm for many years, and to make improvements, when he sold it to his son George in 1890. He died Nov. 18, 1908. His wife is still living in her own home in Arcadia Village, her daughter Elizabeth, who is unmarried, residing with her. Their children were: Christiana, Mary, John, Elizabeth, Anton, Margaret, William and George, all of whom are living. Mary and Ehzabeth reside in Arcadia Village, Margaret in Pennsylvania, Anton at Rice Lake, Wis., and John and William are with the Massuere Company, general merchants in Arcadia. George Haines had limited opportunities as a boy for acquiring an education, but made the best of those he had. He lived with his parents until 23 years old, at which time he bought the old homestead, where he has since resided, and which he is cultivating with profitable results. He is also a stockholder in the Bank of Arcadia. Jan. 26, 1897, he was married to Mary, daughter of John and Pauline Kostner, of Arcadia Village. He and his wife have a family of eight children: Clotilda, born Sept. 26, 1898, who resides at home ; Cyrill, born Nov. 4, 1899, residing at home ; Marcellus, born April 29, 1902, who is a student in St. John's University at Collegeville, Minn. ; Orlando, born Oct. 9, 1904 ; Thelma, born Jan. 15, 1906 ; Eldred, born May 10, 1909 ; Dolores, born Sept. 19, 1911 ; Everett, born Aug. 8, 1914, and Brunetta, born Sept. 24, 1917. Mr. Haines is a Democrat in politics and has served as supervisor one term. Since 1897 he has belonged to the Catholic Foresters and to the Knights of Columbus since 1914. He and his family are members of the Catholic church.

Edward Haines has lived in Arcadia Township since early childhood, his parents having brought him here in 1865. Growing up with the county, he has taken his part in its development, and is now one of the solid and substantial men of the community. He was born in Herkimer County, N. Y., March 12, 1858, son of Christian and Margaret Haines. The parents were born in Germany, located in New York State as young people, there married and lived there until coming to Wisconsin. Edward had attended school a short time in New York State, and continued his studies in the school of district 6, Arcadia Township, until about 14 years of age. He was reared to farm pursuits and remained with his parents until his marriage in 1882, when he took his bride to a rented farm in Bill's Valley, now known as the Michael English place. In 1883 he rented the Scholidon farm on the Fountain City Ridge. Misfortune overtook him, and he lost nearly everything that he possessed. But in August, 1884, he acquired 180 acres of partly improved land in Meyers Valley, two and a half miles south of Arcadia Village. Moving into a log house covered with boards, which stood on the place, he and his good wife set to work to establish their fortunes. Gradually they added to their possessions until the farm now consists of 488 acres, and in addition to this they own several residences in Arcadia Village. The log cabin has been replaced with a sightly set of buildings, including a two-story, 11-room modern brick house; a frame barn, 34 by 80 feet with full basement ; three poultry houses ; a machine shed, 18 by 40 feet ; a stone milk house, a garage and other buildings. The place is devoted to general farming and dairying, a good herd of Durham and Holstein cattle being maintained. The equipment, tools, machinery and implements are adequate and ample. Mr. Haines' business holdings include stock in the Arcadia Co-Operative Creamery Company, the Bank of Arcadia, the Farmers' Bank, the Western Wisconsin Telephone Company and other organizations. A Democrat in politics, he has served as supervisor of Arcadia Township two years and has been a member of the school board of district 6 for three years. Mr. Haines was married Oct. 23, 1882, to Julia Woutchik, daughter of Jacob and Ehzabeth Woutchik. Mrs. Haines came to America at the age of 17 years, following a sister who had come several years before. She and her husband have had 15 children: Margaret, born Oct. 3, 1883, died April 6, 1890 ; Frank, born Sept. 20, 1884, died Feb. 24, 1913; Elizabeth, born Jan. 14, 1885, is now Mrs. Isadore Meyers; Michael, born July 15, 1887, is now on the Casper Meyers farm, owned by his father ; Catherine, born March 20, 1889, is the wife of Henry Fernholz, of Arcadia Village; Edward T., born Aug. 22, 1890, lives at home; Mary, born Nov. 18, 1891, is a clerk in Arcadia Village ; Anna, born April 9, 1893, is in the Convent of Notre Dame, at Milwaukee ; Rose, born Sept. 28, 1894, lives at home; Agnes, born Feb. 26, 1896, died in infancy; Agnes (second), born April 11, 1897, is in the Convent of Notre Dame at Milwaukee; Florence, born Sept. 19, 1898, lives at home ; Raymond, born Sept. 3, 1900, died in infancy; Lenora, born Feb. 28, 1902, is a student in the Arcadia High School ; Fiorina was born Feb. 4, 1905, and lives at home. The family faith is that of the Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help at Arcadia Village, of which Mr. Haines was a member of the building committee when the parochial school was erected.

Andrew Gleason, who is engaged in farming 125 acres of productive land in sections 20, 29 and 30, Arcadia Township, was born in Bill's Valley, this township, June 2, 1866, son of Michael and Mary (Cashel) Gleason. His parents were both natives of Ireland, the father coming to America about 1861, and locating in Buffalo County, Wis. After residing there about five years, Michael Gleason, who had come to this country with some means, purchased 250 acres in Buffalo County. Of this latter farm he subsequently sold 130 acres, and then moved to Bill's Valley, Arcadia Township, Trempealeau County, being one of the first settlers in the valley. The remainder of his Buffalo County farm he retained until 1882, when he sold it. In Bill's Valley he homesteaded 40 acres, and bought 165 acres adjoining the Christ Haines farm. The land was wild and there were no improvements, but he set to work and grubbed and cleared it, having six yoke of oxen, which he had brought with him. The frame house that he built is still standing on the farm. The lumber for it and other buildings that he constructed was hauled from Merrillan, 50 miles, by ox-team. Among these buildings was a good barn, the timber for which he cut and hewed in Tamarack. Here Michael Gleason resided until 1893, and then moved to Arcadia Village, where he purchased a house in which he lived until his death in 1911. His wife died in Arcadia Village March 25, 1915. They had been married in Buffalo County, Wis., in 1858, and had enjoyed a happy married life together of 53 years until death separated them for a while. Their children were : Maggie, now Mrs. J. D. Stevens, of Beecher, 111. ; Mary Ann, who died in infancy ; Julia, now Mrs. S. R. Hunter, of Arcadia Village; Andrew, the direct subject of this sketch; Christian, who is a farmer in Buffalo County, Wis.; Katherine, who is an invalid; Elizabeth, unmarried, who is now living in the village home of her parents, which she inherited at their death ; May, wife of J. J. Enwright, of Plymouth, Wis. ; John L., residing in Gymon, Okla., and Anna, wife of L. F. Messman, of Enid, Okla. Michael Gleason was a staunch Democrat in politics, but never aspired to public office. Andrew Gleason was brought up on his parents' farm, on which he began to make himself useful at an early age.

gradually acquiring a competent knowledge of agriculture. He was married April 14, 1896, to Mary, daughter of Joseph and Anna (Scholidon) Kostner, of Arcadia Township, and for two years subsequently he and his wife resided on his father's "Bill's Valley" farm. In 1898 he moved to a rented farm at Glencoe, Buffalo County, where he lived until 1902, in which year he purchased 200 acres of land in the same neighborhood. After keeping the latter farm one year he sold it and bought 125 acres of improved land in sections 20, 29 and 30, Arcadia Township, which constitutes his present farm. In 1917 he remodelled the brick house and frame barn. The barn was struck by lightning and destroyed the same year. It was replaced by another barn, which in turn was struck by lightning and destroyed Sept. 6, 1916. It was rebuilt the same fall, on the same foundation. The entire acreage of the farm is now under the plow. Mr. Gleason carries on general farming and dairying, keeping from 10 to 12 grade Shorthorn cows. He is well supplied with all equipment for a modern farm and is doing a prosperous business. His property lies about a mile and a half northwest of Arcadia Village, the land being very rolling, like all in this vicinity, but fertile and capable of producing excellent crops. In poUtics Mr. Gleason is a Republican, and has served as a member of the district school board and as chairman of the township board. He and his wife have had five children : Gladys, born Oct. 18, 1897, who graduated from the Arcadia High School and is now teaching in Trempealeau County ; Clifford J., born Sept. 19, 1900, who is a student in Arcadia High School ; Kenneth, born July 31, 1910, who died in 1912 ; Gerald, born Sept. 27, 1911, and Melvin L., born July 20, 1912, who reside with their parents. Mr. Gleason and family belong to the Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help at Arcadia. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus.

Morris Anderson is a native of Hale Township, this county, and was brought to his present farm by his parents in 1883. He now owns 170 acres in section 1, Chimney Rock Township, and carries on general farming, making a specialty of Durham cattle, Poland-China swine and Rhode Island Red chickens. Mr. Anderson was born July 16, 1877, and with the exception of six years spent as a traveling salesman he has devoted his life to farming. He was married in Minneapolis, Dec. 31, 1913, to Cornelia Carlson, of Chimney Rock Township, daughter of Carl and Anna (Hendrickson) Carlson, and they have one son, Eldridge Rudel, born July 25, 1914; they have also adopted a bright girl, Margaret Meachin, born July 2, 1905. The family faith is that of the United Norwegian Lutheran church. Mrs. Anderson's parents came to America from Varmland, Sweden, in 1887, settling in Chimney Rock Township. Her father died in 1897, and her mother is still living on the old homestead. Five children were born to them : Charles, Emma, Beda, Cornelia and Julia, all living.

Andrew Anderson came to Trempealeau County in 1873, and lived in Hale Township until 1883, when he moved to Chimney Rock Township and purchased 170 acres in section 1, which in 1911 was purchased by his son, Morris. Andrew Anderson was born in Varmland, Sweden, May 20, 1841, and upon coming to America in 1866 located in La Crosse until settling in this county. He died Feb. 3, 1911. His wife, Olivia Jacobson, whom he married in Chimney Rock Township, was born in Sweden, March 6, 1838, and died Dec. 3, 1911. In the family there were three children: Morris has been mentioned. Amanda is the wife of Die Storberg, of Albion Township, this county. One is dead.

F. Carl Zeller came to Trempealeau County in 1857, took his part in the pioneer endeavors of this region, and here lived until his death, Nov. 26, 1898, a period of over 40 years. He was born in Bavaria, Germany, Aug. 11, 1831, and at the age of 23, in 1854 came to America, landing in New York, and finding his way directly to Prairie du Sac, Wis., where he lived until coming to Trempealeau County. Here, with his brother, Frank J., he bought 240 acres at the head of Meyers Valley, in section 17, Arcadia Township, the brothers having saved a little money during their residence in Sauk County. In 1861 the partnership was dissolved, F. Carl marrying and moving to what is now the George Haines farm in Meyers Valley, section 8, Arcadia Township. There he and his family lived until 1869, when he purchased the 240 acres of wild land adjoining on the west, which has since remained the homestead. He set at work with a will, grubbed and broke the land, erected a frame house and barn, and gradually achieved success and prosperity. A Democrat in poUtics, he did not seek public office, but consented to serve as school treasurer, a position he occupied for many years. He was a devout member of the German Catholic church, and was an important factor in the progress of that faith in this community. He was one of the first members in this vicinity, the early masses being said in a log residence on the Nick Myers farm in section 7, adjoining the Zeller place. Later he assisted in building the church at Hartman's Corners, three-quarters of a mile north of the old home. He did not live to see this pioneer structure replaced by the magnificent Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help, in which the congregation now worships at Arcadia. Mr. Zeller was married in 1861 to Margaret Frederick, the daughter of Adam Frederick. She still lives on the home place with a daughter, Elizabeth, and four sons, Adam, John M., Charles W. and William. Barbara died at the age of 12, and another Elizabeth died in infancy. Anton farms near Bismarck, N. D.

Adam Zeller has spent his life on the farm where he now lives in section 7, Arcadia Township. He was born March 23, 1865, son of F. Carl and Margaret (Frederick) Zeller, attended the district school, and was reared to farm pursuits by his father. In 1896 he took charge of the home farm, which he now operates. He has made many improvements thereon, including a sightly barn, 52 by 102 feet, with full basement, cement floors, James stanchions and other modei-n equipment. At the time of his father's death he succeeded him as treasurer of the school district, in which position he is doing most excellent service. In connection with the marketing of his dairy products and stock, he has acquired an interest in the Farmers' Cooperative Creamery at Arcadia, and in the Farmers' Shipping Association of Arcadia. Like his father before him, he is a Democrat in politics, and his faith is that of the Catholic church.

with the country, and became an integral part of its life and progress. Born in Leeds, Yorkshire, England, Oct. 5, 1839, he was but 8 years of age when his parents, John and Mary Hopkins, came to America and took up their home in Troy, Walworth County, this State. In 1855 they came to Trempealeau County and located on the north bank of the Trempealeau River, in the western part of Preston Township. In this primitive spot they erected a sod home and later a log cabin, and started to develop the fertile tract which has since been known as the Hopkins farm. Comforts and conveniences were lacking, farm and domestic equipment was of the crudest, marketing and trading facilities were of the poorest, the nearest point at which provisions could be secured being Galesville, far away and over the rugged bluffs. Often, while a mere boy, James Hopkins went to the mill at Galesville and brought back flour and other provisions on his back, or in the winter on a hand sled, trudging his way over the rough and sometimes dangerous trail. With the passing of the years and the growth of the county, conditions changed, and the farm became a beautiful estate in the midst of a thickly-settled community. Here the parents spent the remainder of their years, the father dying Jan. 9, 1888, and the mother Feb. 27, 1875. James Hopkins continued to hve on the home farm improving and developing it, and successfully carrying on general farming. He was an important factor both in public service and in the business life of the region in which he hved. As a farmer he was the staunch friend and the earnest advocate of the agricultural interests of the county. A thorough believer in cooperative effort among farmers, he was active in the Preston Creamery Company and the Farmers' Trading Association, both at Blair, and served for a time as president of each. At the annual meetings of the Trempealeau County Agricultural and Driving Association, held at Whitehall, in years past, he was always a prominent figure. He did good service as chairman of his township, and as treasurer and clerk of his school district, also doing excellent work several different terms as deputy sheriff. He was faithful to every pubhc trust committed to his cafe. He held the conscientious discharge of every pubhc duty above personal or private consideration. He was a firm believer in Prohibition and strove earnestly and persistently to bring it about. His was a positive nature, whatever he beheved, he believed with all his might, and he had the courage to avow his convictions, as well as the ability to assert them, yet he was a just man, able to see the other side of public questions as well as his own, and demanding of himself an even stricter standard than he expected of others. In a few words, he had common sense, an honest heart and tireless energy. About a year before his death Mr. Hopkins, accompanied by his wife, went to Seattle, Wash., intending to remain there with their sons. While there he was stricken with paralysis. Realizing that he had not long to hve, and desiring to see his old friends again, he returned to Whitehall. Thus it was his good fortune when the end came, April 17, 1913, to be under his own roof, surrounded by family and friends so near and dear to him. Through his illness he was uniformly cheei-ful and bright, and bore his sufferings, which were at times intense, with remarkable patience. The faithful wife, son and daughter were with him to administer to every want, and to extend him that sympathy which one's own alone can give. He lies buried in Lincoln Cemetery, at Whitehall, in and near which village he had spent the greater part of his life. Mr. Hopkins was married to Angelina Van Sickle, and their union was blessed with five children.

Florison D. Hopkins, county treasurer, and president of the Auto Sales Co. of Whitehall, was born on the Hopkins homestead in Preston Township, July 12, 1861, son of James and Angelina (Van Sickle) Hopkins. He attended the district schools, and was reared to farm pursuits. As a young man, he purchased a tract of 160 acres adjoining the homestead, and set about developing it, erecting a home, barns and other buildings, and building up a splendid farm. For a time he also rented the homestead. Reared in the home of prominent and influential people, it was natural that his attention should early turn to public affairs. In the old Convention days, he was delegate to many a convention that has helped to make political history in the county and state. For eight years he was chairman of the township, and for one term he was treasurer. His excellent service on the school board extended over a period of fifteen years. Upon the solicitation of his friends he ran for county treasurer in the fall of 1916, and was elected by a comfortable majority. His work in this important office has met with general approval, his wide acquaintance, his knowledge of the county and its people, his genial disposition, and his clear-cut business methods all being factors in favor with which he is held. In 1913 Mr. Hopkins sold his farm and took up his residence in the village. In Whitehall he purchased an interest in the Auto Sales Co. and is now its president. Reared as he was on the farm, he has continued his interest in outdoor life. He is an enthusiastic motorist, and takes especial delight in fishing, seeking both health and recreation at this pastime. Mr. Hopkins was married Aug. 26, 1885, to NeUie Shephard, the daughter of Henry and Phelina Shephard, pioneers of Preston township. This union has been blessed with four children : Goldie, Deva, Margaret and Harley J. Goldie is the wife of E. A. Guyton, M. D., of Eau Claire, Wis. ; Deva is the wife of Sidney Jacquist, of Blair, Wis. ; Margaret is the wife of Oscar Dahle, of Whitehall, Wis.; and Harley J. is a corporal in the Marine Service, having previously been a student in the University of Wisconsin.

John Maurer, a pioneer of Buffalo County, and one of the founders of Arcadia, is an excellent and typical example of the sturdy Swiss, who though few in number, have had so important a part in the upbuilding of America. Energetic, capable, versatile and generous, he was for many years an active leader among his fellow men, and though modest and unostentatious, his influence has been tremendous. As agriculturist, as hotel keeper, as pioneer postmaster and as merchant, he was the same quiet, genial personality, a pleasant companion, a loyal friend and a good citizen. But his supreme joy has been in his home, he reared his children with the affection and care characteristic of his race, and now in the afternoon of hfe, as he looks back over a well-spent life, his greatest pride is in the substantial positions in life which each of his children has attained. Born in Oberstammheim, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, July 27, 1832, he was there educated and reared. Upon attaining his majority, he determined to broaden his oppor- tunities by transferring his scene of activities to the new world. Accordingly, having saved his slender earnings, he was enabled to realize his ambitions by setting sail for America in 1855, reaching Fountain City, in Buffalo County, this state, in June of that year. The next March he homesteaded a farm in Waumandee Township, in the same county. There he remained until 1864, when he sold out to Fred. Schoepp, and moved to Fountain City, where he became landlord of the Eagle Hotel, and for a time served as postmaster. Ten years later, in 1874, he sold out his interests in Buffalo County, and came to Arcadia, where he erected one of the first stores in the village, and whose destinies he had an important part in shaping. From the date of his arrival until 1900 he successfully conducted the general mercantile business, building up a good trade, and winning a high regard in the esteem of his fellow men for his honest dealing. Since 1900 he has led a retired life, still, however, looking after his various interests. Mr. Maurer was married at Milwaukee on July 5, 1855, to Katherine Moos, born in Wihlen, Canton Zurich, Switzerland, April 1, 1833. This union has been blessed with four children : Catherine, now Mrs. John Durisch, of Arcadia; Albert A., a physician, of La Crosse; Emil, banker, of Arcadia, and Edward R., professor of Applied Mechanics at the State University of Wisconsin.

Emil Maurer, president of the Bank of Arcadia, financier and man-ofaffairs, has been a leading factor in the life of Arcadia for many years, and the civic movements in which he has not had an active part are few indeed. Coming here as a boy of twelve, he has grown up with the village and has had a share in its growth, having been one of the original supporters of several of the ventures which have contributed most largely to its development and progress. In spite of his substantial success in life, Mr. Maurer is democratic and approachable by nature, a sincere friend to every inhabitant of the village and countryside, and ever willing to give his time, voice and support in behalf of every good and worthy progress. At the prime of his activities he finds himself in an enviable position of respect and honor, satisfied in his work, and happy in his wide circle of friendships. He was born in Waumandee, this state, July 7, 1862, son of John and Katherine (Moos) Maurer, the pioneers, spent his boyhood in Fountain City and Arcadia, and was educated in the schools of Buffalo and Trempealeau Counties. At the age of 17 he entered the employ of G. G. Oppliger at Fountain City where he remained for eighteen months. With this experience, he returned to Arcadia in 1884, and purchased the drug business of James Pierson & Son. This concern he developed into one of the most important commercial ventures in the village, erecting for its occupancy in 1893, the handsome building which now houses the establishment of his successor, and in the upper story of which he still makes his home. While conducting the drug store he became interested in the Bank of Arcadia, and in 1901 he sold out his drug business to become president and active manager of the bank. His personality, integrity, standing, and wide friendships have been the important elements in the success of the institution. He is also one of the moving spirits in the Western Wisconsin Telephone Co., which he helped to organize and of which he has been the only secretary.

The Trempealeau County Bankers' Development Association has likewise found in him a valued member and an efficient secretary. In public life he has been president and member of the village council, and member of the board of education and of the library board. When he was president of the council, some of the village's best improvements were undertaken, and the present library was built when he was a member of its board. In the Masonic order he has served in all the chairs of the Blue Lodge and Chapter. His Elk affiliation is with the lodge at La Crosse. He is also a member of the Independent Foresters at Arcadia. Mr. Maurer was married June 13, 1885, to Magdelina Danuser, born in Buffalo County, this state. May 22, 1861, daughter of Jacob Danuser, the pioneer. This union has been blessed with four children: Erna E., Nettie E., Mae Alice and Merrill E. Erna E. graduated from the University of Wisconsin, and is now a teacher. Nettie E. graduated from the Winona State Normal School, taught school for a while, married Oscar A. Erickson, a merchant of Kasson. Minn., and has one son, William. Mae Alice is a graduate of the Stout Institute at Menomonie. Wis., and is now teaching domestic science at Evansville, Wis. Merrill E. has been a student at the Lawrence University, Appleton, Wis., and is now a student of the State Normal School at La Crosse.

Knudt Leofson Strand, the lirst settler in Norway Cooley, Arcadia Township, where he is still an honored and respected citizen, is one of the very few men in this county who are still living on homesteads which they selected before the close of the Civil War. He has been an industrious, hardworking man and a good citizen and has had his share in the progress which has changed this region from an unsettled wilderness into one of the best farming countries in western Wisconsin. The second of the six children of Leof Sorenson and Anna Knutsen Aaakre, substantial and God-fearing farming people, he was born in Strand, Telemarken, Norway, Feb. 8, 1834, and was there reared, receiving his education by studying two months each year under a traveling schoolmaster, and spending his youth in assisting his father at farming and lumbering. At the age of seventeen he left home and for several years continued to be employed as a farmer and lumberman. During the latter part of this period he devoted most of his time to hauling timber from great forests, sometimes as a day laborer and sometimes by contract. July 13, 1859, he married Anna, the daughter of Hoover and Margaret Hooverson, and began farming in a modest way in his native parish. Here was born the oldest son, Leof K., now a prosperous Arcadia farmer. But the ambitions of the young man were stirred to seek wider opportunities in the New World, so on April 4, 1861, with his wife and child, he set sail for America. After a tedious trip of ten weeks aboard a sailing vessel, they landed at Quebec, and from there found their way to Detroit, Chicago, and La Crosse, then the terminal of the railroad. Locating in Vernon County he secured such emploj-ment as he could at from fifty cents to $1.00 a day, and the following year pre-empted 40 acres of farm land. Trempealeau County was at that time attracting numerous settlers, and with a friend, John Gunderson, Mr. Strand determined to look over the land with a view to settling here. Selecting a pleasant location in Holcomb Cooley, the two men started cutting hay in the summer of 1863, with a view of making their permanent home there, but hearing of land to the northward, he and Ole Guttormson started out one day on a further trip of exploration. After a weary march, they reached the mouth of one of the most beautiful cooleys they had ever seen. Here, on the gentle slope, lay rich land, ready to be broken for crops, while water was pure and abundant. No settlers had yet erected cabins in its virgin expanse, and here Mr. Strand determined his future home was to be located. Hastening back to La Crosse he found that the land was still open and immediately filed on 160 acres in Sections 23 and 14. His preparations for moving were made during the winter, and as soon as travel was opened in the spring he came up and built a pole hut in which he took up his residence. The hut had the trodden earth for a floor and was thatched with hay. A small window with one pane of glass admitted the light, while a crude door on leather hinges furnished the entrance. Another pole and hay structure fui'nished a shelter for the yoke of oxen, two yearling steers, and two sheep which he had brought with him from Vernon County. Thus, with but a dollar in his pocket, began the first settler in Norway Cooley. In June he brought his family, and his happiness was complete. Few people of modern times can realize the difficulties with which the early settlers contended. The nearest neighbor on the east was the George Vernon family five miles away. The nearest on the west was Tolef Bergeson, four miles west. Indians thronged the cooley, and though friendly and harmless, kept Mrs. Strand in a constant state of apprehension by their savage ways. The nearest road was five and one-half miles away. Bishop's settlement, now Arcadia, was six miles away. Trempealeau was fourteen miles away, the trail leading through Dodge Township and over Whistler's Pass. The Big Tamarack Swamp was at that time impassable. Grain had to be hauled over hills and through swamps, the unshod oxen picking their way as best they could. In the winter grain was sometimes taken as far as the mill at Pickwick, in Minnesota. Such a trip was long and cold and filled with dangers. At times the ice on the river and marshes was so smooth and glaring that a trail of hay had to be made to prevent the oxen from falling and breaking their legs. There were no physicians nearer than Trempealeau and Galesville. Life on the Strand homestead was filled with work. By Christmas, 1864, the pole hut had been replaced with a substantial log structure, 14 by 16 feet, one and a half stories high, and well protected against the winter storms. It is interesting to note that the present home was built of hewn logs in the middle seventies. It is 16 by 30 feet, two stories high, with a full basement. In recent years the house has been veneered with lumber, thus making a thick-walled, comfortable home of solid proportions, fully plastered. The original farm has been increased to 280 acres, well divided into cultivated land, timber and pasture. Here, hale and hearty in his old age, Mr. Strand, with his good wife, is spending the afternoon of life, well content with what the years have brought him. Mr. Strand is a man of intense patriotism, a devout church member, and a believer in education and good roads. When the need of men to fight the Civil War was the greatest he was drafted, and walked to La Crosse to enter his command.

but upon reaching that city he found that he was physically disqualified owing to the after-effects of an attack of pneumonia which he had experienced some years previous. He assisted in organizing the first school district in Tamarack, a district which has since been divided into several more districts. He laid out the first road over the hill to Arcadia, and gave liberally of his time and money to further the cause of good roads throughout this region. He was one of the founders of the Norway Cooley Lutheran Congregation, of which he and all his family are members. He was on the building committee when the present edifice was erected, he was a trustee for many years, and has been one of its liberal contributors since its organization. All in all, he has been one of the county's most useful citizens, and justly deserves the high esteem in which he is held. Mr. and Mrs. Strand have been the parents of the following children : Leof K., born in Strand, Norway, March 10, 1860, now a well-known farmer of Arcadia Township; Hoover, born in Vernon County, Wisconsin, December 23, 1861, who resides at Thief River Falls, Minn. ; Anna, born in Holcomb Coulie, who died Jan.

18, 1867 ; Margaret, born in Norway Cooley, Jan. 6, 1866, who is the wife of Ludwig Johnson, of Ossian, Iowa; Sam, born in Norway Cooley, Nov. 8, 1867, who is a farmer there at the present time; Anna (2d), born in Norway Cooley, June 22, 1869, who is now Mrs. John Kasse, of Dane County, Wisconsin; Ellen, born in Norway Cooley, April 23, 1871, who is the wife of A. Emmerson, of Ettrick; Knudt L., Jr., born in Norway Cooley, Jan. 5, 1873, who died May 8, 1911, and Birgit, born in Norway Cooley April 19, 1877, now Mrs. Sam M. Swenson, of Tamarack.

Leof K. Strand, a successful farmer and business man residing in Section 22, Arcadia Township, was born in Strand, Norway, March 10, 1860, son of Knudt and Anna (Hooverson) Strand. He was one year old, when, in 1861, he came to America with his parents, pioneers of Norway Cooley, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin. There he attended the district school organized by his father, which was the first school in that section, and grew to manhood, assisting his father on the latter's farm. On Dec.

19, 1885, he was united in marriage with Amelia Amundsen, daughter of Andrew and Agnes (Olsen) Amundsen, of Norway Cooley, and who had been a schoolmate of his. For ten years after his marriage he remained on his parents' farm and then removed to a separate location, buying from his father 40 acres in Section 22, which tract lay in the vicinity of the old home. Here he erected his present residence, a two-story house consisting of upright and two wings, into which he and his wife moved the year he took the farm. He also built a frame barn, 28 by 46 by 16 feet, on full stone basement. Here he has since followed general farming and dairying with good success. His farm is well watered by springs and is provided with a full equipment of teams, tools and machinery. Mr. Strand in 1885 became interested in the first farmers' co-operative creamery in Trempealeau County, known as the Ettrick Farmers' Creamery Association, of which he became a stockholder. In this enterprise he took a very active part, working up the cream routes and hauling two routes himself for ten years, daily in summers and four days a week in winters. In 1896 he withdrew from the association, selling his stock. In company with Peter Larson,

Mr. And Mrs. Leof K. Strand Mr. And Mrs. Knudt L. Strand

Mr. Strand in 1891 bought the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter of Section 27 in Tamarack. Later Mr. Larson sold his interest to Ole A. Olson and Mr. Strand, but afterwards bought back an interest. Later Strand, Olson and Larson built the main part of what is now the Tamarack store at the head of Norway Cooley, which they rented to Levi Henderson, of Ettrick, who put in the stock. After remaining one year, Mr. Henderson sold his stock to Tver C. Myhre, who conducted the business to 1898. He then sold out to C. L. Boleng, who now operates the store. Mr. Boleng rented the building from the company until February, 1902, when he bought it. Mr. Strand is a stockholder in the Farmers' Shipping Association of Arcadia, the Arcadia Farmers' State Bank, the Tamarack Telephone Company, of which he has been president for the last twelve years. In this enterprise he has ever taken an active part to perfect its service and equipment. In politics he has always been a Republican and was chairman of his township board for six years. Mr. and Mrs. Strand are the parents of ten children, all of whom are living, their record in brief being as follows: Annetta, born Nov. 20, 1886, is now Mrs. A. 0. Severson, of Norway Cooley. Clara, born March 18, 1888, is unmarried and resides at home. Hilda, born Dec. 12, 1898, is now Mrs. C. W. Peterson, of Buffalo, S. D. Elmer, born Dec. 26, 1891, is operating a homestead farm in Lavinia, Mont. Clarence, born Jan. 25, 1894, is residing at home unmarried. Margaret, born Oct. 7, 1896, is now Mrs. A. M. Olson, of Thompson Valley, Arcadia Township. Laura, born Sept. 17, 1898. Henry, born Dec. 3, 1900 ; Milton, born March 19, 1903, and Mildred, born May 4, 1905, are all hving at home. Mr. Strand and his family are members of the Norwegian Lutheran Church at Norway Cooley, which he helps to support. Through enterprise and industry, backed by inteUigence, he has gained a position among the prosperous and respected citizens of his township and has never forfeited their good opinion.