Trempealeau County, Wisconsin - Biographical sketches, 1917 (part 18 of 20)

John Durisch, a well known and highly esteemed citizen of Arcadia Village, now living retired after a long and active career, was born in Switzerland, June 21, 1846. With his parents, Thomas and Anna Durisch, also natives of Switzerland, he came to America in 1852, landing at New York. From that city the family came west to Prairie Du Sac, Wis., where they lived until 1856. They then migrated to Buffalo County, making the trip overland by ox team and driving before them twenty-one head of cattle. Arriving after a twelve-days' journey, they settled in Danuser's Valley, Montana Township, where Thomas Durisch bought 160 acres of new land from the government. With the aid of his son, John, he grubbed and cleared the land, building of tamarack a comfortable log house, 16 by 20 feet, hewn inside and out, which was the pride of all that region. Mr. Durisch continued to cultivate and improve his farm until his sudden death while plowing in the field in 1861. The mother, Anna Durisch, was born Sept. 4, 1810, and died at the home of her son in Arcadia at the age of 100 years. John Durisch was six years old when he accompanied his parents from Switzerland. He had attended the common and parochial schools in his native land and had but little further education after coming to America. At his father's death he was sixteen years of age and he subsequently operated the farm for his widowed mother up to 1869, breaking about forty acres more of the land. His father had built a substantial log barn, 20 by 24 feet, which added to the value of the property. In 1872 Mrs. Durisch rented the farm and with her family moved to Fountain City. The family included, in addition to the subject of this sketch, a daughter, Agnes, who was born in Switzerland, and who married Christ Mauele, a farmer of Montana Township. She died at Arcadia in 1893. The subject of this sketch and his mother resided in Fountain City up to 1874. He married Lucy, daughter of Christ and Ehzabeth Kindschy, pioneer settlers of Buffalo County, in 1870. In the spring of 1874 he arrived in Arcadia Village with his wife. Building a small house on what is now Deer Park Street, he entered into the teaming and livery business, and was thus occupied until 1898. He then traded the business for an improved farm of 160 acres in Lewis Valley, Arcadia Township, but remained in town and rented the farm. In 1876 the big flood came and wrecked Mr. Durisch's house in Arcadia. He then built his present brick veneer residence on Main Street, a nice-appearing and comfortable dwelling. His first wife died in 1893. They had one son, Thomas C, who was born February 10, 1872, died in 1884. Mr. Durisch remained a widower for a short time and then, in 1895, married Katherine, daughter of John and Katherine Maurer, of Arcadia. A Republican in politics, he was elected sheriff in 1894, and served one term, retaining his residence in Arcadia, and having a deputy, N. L. Fredrickson, in charge at Whitehall. For many years he served as village marshal, a member of the village board and as street commissioner. In 1914 he retired from active business life and in the same year sold his Lewis Valley farm. A number of years ago he invested in lands in the state of Montana, his interest in which he still retains. He is also a stockholder in the Western Wisconsin Telephone Company. Among his earUer activities may be mentioned the fact that, with J. I. Dewey, Charles Miller and James Gaveney (father of John C. Gaveney), he made the first canvass of Arcadia Township for 500 cows to stock the first creamery in this section, which creamery was built at Arcadia, west of the Trempealeau River. For a number of years Mr. Durisch hauled cream and butter from this creamery, often taking as many as sixty 60-pound tubs at one load. Mr. Durisch was reared in the faith of the German Evangelical Church and is an active member of St. John's Church of that denomination at Arcadia, of which with A. F. Hensel, Herman Cloug and Jacob Schneller, he was one of the founders. He was treasurer of the church for twenty-two years and for a number of years superintendent of the Sunday School. He and his wife are members of the best society in the village.

Collins Bishop was a type of the noblest ideal of the American pioneer. Lofty of purpose, keen of mind, kindly of heart, rugged of body, strong of personality, resourceful of disposition, he represented those noble traditions which are infused into the very soul of our national life, and in defense of which so many a noble patriot has given his all. His contemporaries whom he met in the stress and toil of every-day life delighted to do him reverence and honor, they regarded him as the possessor of every moral and manly excellence, with character and life that were well nigh flawless.

The spirit of the whole community which took his name, also took on something of the aspect of his high worth, and his excellencies and influence were woven into the very warp and woof of the community's gi'owth. Citizen, friend, patriot, pioneer, soldier, farmer, official, husband and father, in every capacity of life he did his highest duty, and nobly fulfilled his loftiest destinies. The halo and heritage of honor which he left has been passed on not only to his family, but also to the entire population of that prosperous county in whose founding he had so important a part. Collins Bishop was born in Nelson Township, Portage County, Ohio, January 9, 1822, one of a family of four sons and three daughters born to Ebenezer and Annie Bishop, all of whom lived to adult years, and all but two of whom became residents of the Trempealeau Valley. He was reared in his native state, and as a young man came to Wisconsin and located in Dodge County. From there, in 1855, accompanied by James Broughton, George Shelley and George Dewey, he came up the river from La Crosse to Fountain City, and found his way over the ridge to the present site of Old Arcadia, where he founded the colony long known as Bishop's Settlement. Thus located, he devoted his life to agricultural pursuits, living upon the same place for some fifty-five years. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he assisted in the raising of Co. C, 30th Wis. Vol. Inf., that famous company commanded by Captain Alex. A. Arnold, and recruited from the flower of fearless and heroic young manhood of Trempealeau County. Owing to disability, Mr. Bishop was soon transferred to Co. A, Veteran Reserve Corps, but he was as lion hearted in his patriotism and fealty to the Union as though baptized in fire like his comrades in the gallant Company C. As the years passed he was blessed with prosperity and success. He changed a wild tract of land into a rich, fertile, modern farm, he passed through the strenuous endeavor and hardships of pioneer life and lived to see his little settlement the metropolis of a great county. After a long and useful life he died Jan. 19, 1911, surrounded by the love and care of his large family. At that time it was said of him: "He died as he lived, with a clear mind, a clean conscience and without a fear of going into the Great Mystery. In his death his children lost a worthy parent, his friends lost a genial, kind-hearted and companionable fellow, his community and county lost an upright citizen and a soldier-patriot. His character and repute may be commended as most worthy of emulation. The virtue and excellence of such a man deserve to be recorded in the archives of history. Mr. Bishop was married July 24, 1844, at Cherry Valley, Ohio, to Emily A., daughter of Obed and Delight Warren, and this union was blessed with eight children: Florence, Rose, Emily, Blanche, May, Hiram, Howard W., and Winfred E. Florence married George W. Webb, and is now deceased. Rose married Arthur A. Markham, of Independence. Emily died in infancy. Blanche is the v/idow of Martin Woodhull. May is the wife of Frank Warren, of Black River Falls, Wis. Hiram died in 1868. Howard W. lives in Whitehall. Winfred E. lives in Arcadia. A book might be written of the life of Collins Bishop, and it would be replete with interest from cover to cover. A few stories of his experiences are still preserved in the traditions of the county. In the early days there were no physicians in the vicinity. A new family moved into the adjoining towTi of Glencoe. Soon after that a visit of the stork was expected. Having received a medical education through a two years' course in a medical college in the East, Mr. Bishop had acquired, through pioneer necessity, considerable skill and reputation as an obstetrician. On this occasion, after a hard day's work on the farm, he walked several miles to the sick woman's house, performed his duties as an obstetrician, and cared for the mother and child until the next day, when he was relieved by a neighbor woman. He never asked nor took pay for such errands of mercy. His resourcefulness in the most trying circumstances is shown in the story of his dead ox. One hot summer day he was on his way to obtain provisions at Fountain City, twenty or more miles away, with an empty wagon drawn by a pair of oxen. Over on the ridge, four or iive miles from Fountain City, one of the oxen became overheated. Mr. Bishop unyoked him and went down in the valley afoot and brought a pail of water. But on his return the ox was dead. So Mr. Bishop rolled him aside and gave the water to the other ox. By means of ropes and chains he harnessed up this remaining ox so that he could pull the wagon to town, while Mr. Bishop himself put his own head through the other bow, and thus held up the yoke as he walked beside the ox and continued his journey.

Winfred E. Bishop, one of the leading agriculturists and seed-corn growers of this county, is known far and wide for his character as a man, his usefulness as a citizen, and his worthy efforts in the cause of rural betterment. The son of the county's most distinguished pioneer, he lives on Arcadia's pioneer farm, and is worthily following the high traditions of his family, combining an intensely modern spirit of progress with the stability of the foundation upon which his career is based. Born on the historic place where he now lives, Jan. 25, 1869, the son of Collins and Emily Bishop, he was reared in an atmosphere of piety and culture, and received his education in the district, graded and High schools of Arcadia, supplementing this with a course in the Lambert Business College at Winona. Trained throughout his boyhood as an agriculturist, he became his father's partner at the age of 20, and this arrangement continued until his father's death, when he bought the interests of the other heirs and became sole owner and proprietor of the farm which he had assisted so materially in developing and improving. This development and improvement has since continued. The character of this farm, and the care with which it has been conserved during the sixty years that it has borne crops, is shown by the fact that it contains the first piece of land broken in Arcadia, which bore its first crop in 1857, and in 1917 yielded 85 bushels of oats to the acre. The two houses on the place are surrounded with a beautiful wooded lawn, the barns and outbuildings are commodious and modern, the farm is well fenced, and the tools and equipment are in every way adequate to the demands made upon them. Mr. Bishop makes a specialty of raising seed corn of the Golden Glow Yellow Dent Wisconsin No. 12 variety, with which he has won many prizes at the county and state exhibitions, and for which the demand is so great that it is only by refusing many orders that Mr. Bishop is able to keep enough for his own use. The industry was inaugurated several years ago on a small scale, when Mr. Bishop started the preparation of his first seed by drying and ripening it by the fire. Now he has a hot-air fan system, and raises some twenty acres each year, sixteen acres being for seed purposes exclusively. The pride of the neighborhood is Mr. Bishop's fine herd of Holstein-Friesian cattle, all high grade. While not the largest herd in the county, these creatures are acknowledged to be the sleekest and best cared for in every particular. Farming, as he does along such modern lines, it is natural that Mr. Bishop should take an active part in the work of the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Association, and that he should have been chosen to his present position as president of the Farmers' Co-operative Creamery of Arcadia. He has not cared for public office, but has listened to the call of duty and for two terms has done most excellent service as town treasurer. His fraternal relations are with the Masonic and Independent Forester orders. Mr. Bishop was married Jan. 25, 1890, to Hattie E. Wheeler, who died in March, 1891, leaving one son, Glenn, who is now a telegraph operator for the Northwestern Railroad in South Dakota. Nov. 30, 1893, Mr. Bishop married Ruth Weeks, and they have one child, Florence M., who is soon to graduate from the Arcadia High School. The family faith is that of the Christian Science Church.

John F. Brom, one of the successful farmers of Dodge Township, residing in Section 6, was born in Pine Creek Valley, this township, May 23, 1875, a son of Frank and Katherine (Pribyl) Brom. Both parents were born in Bohemia, the father in 1850. Frank Brom came to America in 1861 or 1862, with his parents, they settling first in Winona, Minn., but soon the father of Frank homesteaded 160 acres of wild land in Section 6, Range 9, Township 19 (Dodge), and Frank was brought up on this farm, having abundant opportunities to make acquaintance with hard work. In course of time he succeeded to the property. He cleared and developed the land, adding 49 acres to the farm, which increased its size to 209 acres. He also built a two-story frame house, two large barns, a granary, machineshed and poultry house. All the buildings are painted and in good shape, while of the land, 125 acres are under the plow, the balance being in pasture and timber land. Frank Brom was engaged in general farming and dairying, keeping grade cows and selling cream at Arcadia and later at Dodge. He died at Winona, Minn., in 1911. His wife died in Pine Creek Valley, Dodge Township, in 1887, and is buried at Winona. John F. Brom remained on the farm with his father until his marriage, his education having been acquired in the district and parochial schools. January 24, 1899, he was married to Frances, daughter of Joseph and Susan (Weir) Brizinski, and took his wife to his father's home, where they resided until the fall of that year. They then moved to the Pribyl farm, adjoining the Brom homestead on the northeast, which farm had been bought by Frank Brom, who gave it to his son. On this place the present residence had been built in the summer of 1899. The house is a two-story upright with two wings and is modern in its furnishings, having bath, hot and cold water and everything desirable except electric lights. The barn is a frame building with hip roof, 36 by 60 by 20 feet ; the granary is 20 by 28 feet, with a lean-to,

20 by 28 feet ; the other buildings being a wood shed, 14 by 20 ; buggy shed, 14 by 24, with shop lean-to, 10 by 20; poultry house, 12 by 24; machine shed, 24 by 60, and a cement block silo, 12 by 26 feet, all painted and in good condition. Mr. Brom has 120 acres of land under the plow, the balance of 242 acres being in pasture and timber land. In 1912 he bought the old homestead of 120 acres from his brother, Martin, who had inherited it at the father's death. He is engaged in general farming and dairying, keeping 18 grade Shorthorn cows, 25 grade Duroc Jersey hogs and 160 Shropshire sheep. He also has a small orchard of three acres. His farm is 16 miles from Winona, 15 from Galesville and 9 from Arcadia. In politics Mr. Brom is a Democrat. He has taken part in the government of his township, having served as supervisor two terms, being chairman of the board one term, and clerk of School District No. 2 for nine years. Aside from his farming interests, he is a stockholder in the First State Bank of Dodge, in the Western Wisconsin Telephone Company and in the Dodge Shipping Association. He and his wife have had eight children: Benjamin, born March 24, 1900, who is assisting his father on the farm ; Theodore, born August 24, 1902, who died October 15, 1908; Richard, born September 2, 1906; Florence, August 7, 1908; Cyril, May 25, 1910; Clarence, April 14, 1912 ; Alvin, January 23, 1914, and Isadore, October 17, 1915. Mr. Brom, with his wife and family, are members of the Catholic Church, attending Sacred Heart Church at Pine Creek.

Edward B. McWeeny, town chairman of Arcadia, prominent member of the county board, and enthusiastic road builder, is one of the leading citizens of the county. Coming of a family of which several members have gained national prominence, he has preferred to devote his life to this vicinity, and his work has been productive of much good. His voice on the county board has ever been raised in behalf of those things which he beheves to be for progress and betterment consistent with consideration for the tax payer, and his work in behalf of good roads is widely known. He successfully farms on Section 29, Arcadia Township, and has a pleasant and attractive place. Edward B. McWeeny was born at Glencoe, Buffalo County, this state, March 28, 1874, son of James and Catherine (Scanlon) McWeeny, thrifty farmers. James McWeeny is now dead, having passed away in 1900, but his wife is still living. They had a family of eight children: John, who resides in Chicago, 111.; Nellie, unmarried, who is a trained nurse at South Bend, Ind. ; Mary, wife of Adam Ziegweid, of Beach, N. D. ; Elizabeth, who is the widow of Joseph Boyle and resides in Chicago ; Patrick, of Chicago; James, who is a foreman in the Illinois Steel Company's plant at South Chicago; Edward B., subject of this memoir, and Frank, a cattle buyer, who resides in Arcadia. Edward B. McWeeny acquired his education in the district school, which he attended from the age of eight years to that of 17. He remained on the McWeeny farm at Glencoe until he was 27, except for one summer which he spent in North Dakota. April 8, 1902, he was married to Sophia, daughter of Engelhart and Elizabeth (Bills) Doelle, of Cross Township, Buffalo County. Previous to this event he had purchased a 200-acre farm on Independence Road, two miles north of Arcadia Village, and here he and his wife began housekeep- ing in the two-story frame house on the property. Since then he has erected a good frame barn, 36 by 84 feet, with half basement. He does general farming, having at present 125 acres under the plow. He has an ample equipment of teams, wagons and tools for the profitable cultivation of his land, and his property presents a neat and thriving appearance. Aside from these interests, he is a stockholder in the Arcadia Shipping Association and the Farmers Co-operative Creamery of Arcadia. A Democrat in politics, Mr. McWeeny has been chairman of the town board for four years. He and his wife have had eight children: James, Leo, Lenore, Bernard, Albin, Henry, Eleva, and Elizabeth, of whom the last mentioned is now deceased. All were born on the farm. The family are members of the Catholic Church at Arcadia, and Mr. McWeeny has been a member of the Catholic Order of Foresters for the past twenty years, and of the Knights of Columbus since 1913.

Lorenzo D. and Frank Tubbs, livestock dealers and real estate agents, constitute the firm of Tubbs Brothers, for many years intimately connected with the business life of Independence. They came to Burnside Township from Hixton, this state, in 1874, with other members of the family, and engaged in farm pursuits on the home farm. Later they engaged in the livestock business. In this connection Lorenzo D. had charge of the Dakota interests of the firm. For a while they engaged in the implement business in Independence, but later sold out to R. Warner Brothers. The Messrs. Tubbs now handle considerable real estate, and deal extensively in livestock, making a specialty of buying and selling horses. The parents of these gentlemen were Lorenzo and Mary Jane (Colwell) Tubbs, both now deceased. After the death in 1856 of the father, who was an Ohio farmer, the care of the family devolved upon the mother, who in 1872 brought them to Hixton, this state, and in 1874 to Burnside. Mr. and Mrs. Lorenzo Tubbs had nine children: James, Mary L., Elma, Elizabeth, Frank, Adelle, Lorenzo D., Sarah Jane, and Alice. James, Mary L. and Elma are dead. Elizabeth is the widow of Lee Hutchins, of Independence. Frank is in the real estate and livestock business. Adelle is the wife of Robert Watson, a farmer of Buena Vista, Colo. Lorenzo D. was born Oct. 18, 1852, was educated in the district schools and in Gale College, was married in October, 1894, to Lydia L. Grout, is engaged in the real estate and livestock business and has been a member of the village council of Independence since 1910. Sarah Jane is the widow of George Walker and lives in Detroit, Mich. Alice is the wife of J. M. Hall of Detroit, Mich.

John Schmidt was one of the early settlers of Buflfalo County, this state, and by developing a good farm took a part in its progress and growth. He was born in Langwies Canton, Graubuen, Switzerland, in 1817, there grew to sturdy manhood and married Mary Roth. She died in her native land, leaving four children - George, Dorothy, Nicholas and Ursula - and in 1867 Mr. Schmidt with his children set out for the United States, embarking at Hamburg on the steamship "Saxonia." Landing at New York after a voyage of nine days, they came directly from that city by train to La Crosse, Wis., and then by boat up the Mississippi River to Fountain City, where they landed May 29, 1867. Mr. Schmidt lost no time in getting settled, as he immediately took up 180 acres of partially improved land in Cross Township, Buflfalo County, and set to work to develop it. There was much hard work to do, but he persevered, and in time his efforts were rewarded, and he found himself the owner of a good farm with substantial buildings. This place was his home until 1883, in which year he went to North Dakota, where he spent ten years, dying in Cass County in that state in 1893.

George Schmidt, educator, agriculturist and public official, is doing most efficient service as assessor of incomes for Wisconsin District No. 28, comprising Buffalo, Pepin and Trempealeau Counties, and has to his credit a long term of office as superintendent of schools in Buffalo County, as well as considerable other public work. Born in Langwies Canton, Graubuen, Switzerland, June 26, 1857, the son of John and Mary (Roth) Schmidt, he was brought to Buffalo County by his father in 1867, and remained on the paternal farm until he had grown to manhood. He first prepared himself in the district schools of Cross Township and in the Fountain City graded school, after which he attended Gale University (now Gale College) for one year. When he was 18 years old he began teaching school in District No. 1, Buffalo Township and County, and taught subsequently for 11 years in different schools of the county. That he made a good record may be inferred from the fact that in the fall of 1886 he was elected to the office of superintendent of schools in Buffalo County, commencing his duties Jan. 1, 1887, at Alma, the county seat. He remained superintendent of the Buffalo County schools for eight years, maintaining a high standard of efficiency. Then, in the fall of 1895, he moved to Trempealeau County, locating on the Hiram Tracy farm of 276 acres, which he had previously purchased. He later increased the acreage of the farm by additional land purchases until it now contains 440 acres, having two sets of commodious buildings. In 1905 Mr. Schmidt purchased the Henry Dewey farm of 63 acres, situated one mile east of the village of Arcadia, the location being known as East Arcadia. The first store in Arcadia was built on this place in 1857, but after the Green Bay Railroad was constructed in 1873 the population moved into the valley, thus changing the location of the village. Mr. Schmidt removed to the Dewey farm in the spring of 1906, preferring this place for a residence in order that his childi-en might enjoy the advantage of attending the Arcadia high school, and here he has since made his home. He was married May 14, 1888, to Lina, daughter of John and Louisa (Waelty) Ochsner of Waumandee, Buffalo County, Wis., and he and his wife are the parents of six children : Erwin R., Walter E., Oscar J., George A., Louisa M. (first) and Louisa M. (second), whose record in brief is as follows: Erwin R., born Dec. 26, 1889, in Alma, Wis., graduated from the Arcadia high school in 1913, and from Washington University at St. Louis, Mo., in 1915, receiving the degree of M. D. He is now an interne at Barnes Hospital, St. Louis. Walter E., born at Alma, Wis., April 2, 1891, is a graduate of the Arcadia high school and of the Wisconsin University (agricultural department), in the class of 1913, and is now engaged in farming at Spring Grove, Va. Oscar J., born at Alma, Wis., June 5, 1895, is a graduate of the Arcadia high school and also took a two years' course in agriculture at the Wisconsin University. He is now residing at home. George A., born at Arcadia, Wis., Dec. 7, 1896, graduated from the Arcadia high school and is now a student at the Wisconsin University. Louisa M. (first), born in Arcadia Township in 1898, was accidentally drowned at the age of 18 months while playing on the farm. Louisa M., the second of the name, was born in Arcadia Township, May 30, 1903, and is now living at home and attending the Arcadia schools. Mr. Schmidt is a Republican in politics. In addition to his service as school superintendent, already mentioned, he served two terms as clerk of Cross Township, Buffalo County, was alderman for several terms at Alma, Wis., treasurer of Arcadia Township two terms, superintendent of assessment of Trempealeau County for six years, and is now serving his second term as district assessor of incomes. Aside from his personal farming interests and public employment he is a stockholder in the Bank of Arcadia, the Western Wisconsin Telephone Company and the Farmers Co-operative Creamery at Arcadia. He and his family are Protestants, though not aflSliated with any particular church.

Ellis G. Bigham, manager and secretary of the Farmers Co-operative Creamery of Arcadia, was born Nov. 11, 1878, in Arcadia Township, son of John and Grace (Gardner) Bigham, his parents being farmers in that township. He was educated in the graded school and high school of Arcadia Village, graduating from the latter in June, 1898. During the following winter he taught district school in the Smith district, Arcadia Township. In the fall of 1899 he began teaching in the Galesville school, having charge of the seventh and eighth grades and also taught for a while in the Galesville high school. The next summer, 1900, he went back to his father's farm and remained there for ten years. While living on the farm, in 1904, he was made manager and secretary Of the Farmers Co-operative Creamery of Arcadia, but remained on the farm until the fall of 1913, when, with his family, he moved into the village, and has since given his undivided attention to the creamery. Under his management the business has steadily increased until in 1916 a new and larger plant became necessary, and accordingly a new building, with full modern equipment, was put up on a site adjoining the old one. Mr. Bigham is a stockholder in the creamery and also in the Western Wisconsin Telephone Company. He is one of the enterprising young business men of the village, and is a member of the village board, though he has held no other public offices. In politics he is independent. Mr. Bigham was married Oct. 18, 1902, to Alice, the daughter of George and Katherine Kindchy of Montana Township, Buifalo County, Wis., and he and his wife have three children: Katherine, born Nov. 10, 1903; Mona, born Feb. 28, 1907, and Margaret, born July 27, 1911. All the children were born on the Bigham farm and all are attending school. Mr. Bigham was reared in the faith of the Methodist Episcopal church, and his wife in that of the German Evangelical church. In 1908 he joined the Masonic order, in which he has advanced as far as the Chapter, and in 1916 was junior deacon of the lodge. Since 1901 he has belonged to the Independent Orders of Foresters, and since 1906 to the Beavers.

John Busby, a well known and successful farmer of Arcadia Township, was born in Waukegan, Lake County, 111., Sept. 27, 1857, son of Thomas and Mary (Knight) Busby. His parents were born and married in England and came to America in 1854, later settling on a farm one mile north of Arcadia Village, on the east side of Trempealeau River. They are now living retired at Wakefield, Neb., their unmarried daughter, Florence, keeping house for them. Thomas Busby was 89 years old Aug. 24, 1917, and his wife 80 years Jan. 1, 1917. John Busby was less than a year old when he accompanied his parents to Wisconsin. He was brought up on the home farm and remained with his father until he was 30 years old. At the age of 22 he bought a threshing outfit with which he threshed for the neighboring farmers every fall. In 1888 he bought a farm in Korpal Valley, six miles north of Arcadia and four south of Independence. It consisted of 120 acres and was partly improved, having a small house but no barn. That same year he was married to Gertrude Lewis, daughter of John D. and Charlotte (Maybury) Lewis of Lewis Valley, Arcadia Township, and they settled on the Korpal Valley farm, where they resided until 1903. Mr. Busby then traded his farm for the Lewis homestead of 240 acres, a well improved piece of property, with frame house, a full basement barn, 30 by 66 feet and 16 feet above basement. He has since built a granary, machine shed and garage building and has put every part of the property into excellent condition. One hundred and seventy-five acres of his land is under the plow. Mr. Busby carries on general farming and dairying, keeping 25 grade "Red Poll" cattle, all young cows. He has a full equipment of machinery, teams and everything necessary to carry on a modern farm. The land in this valley is extremely fertile and is among the best farming sections in the county. Mr. Busby is a stockholder in the Glencoe Co-operative Creamery of Arcadia Village. In politics he is independent, voting for the man rather than for the party. He has served for a number of years as treasurer and clerk of the school district. He and his wife have two children - Benjamin and Irene. Benjamin, born Feb. 2, 1890, who is unmarried and hves at home, was graduated from the district school and the Arcadia high school, and attended for one year the department of Letters and Science at the University of Wisconsin. Irene, born March 24, 1897, resides at home with her parents. Mr. Busby has had four sisters and six brothers : Emma, Thomas, Florence, Charles Andrew, Oliver, Mary, Lilly, Mark and William. Of these Emma, Andrew, Lilly and Mark are deceased.

Andrew Losinski, Sr., an early pioneer, was born in West Prussia, Poland, Nov. 13, 1832, and was there reared. He came to America in 1861 and found his way to Winona, where several of his countrymen had preceded him. For a time he worked at what he could find to do in the vicinity of RoUingstone and St. Charles, in Winona County, and for one or two seasons was employed on steamboats on the Mississippi River. He also worked for Andrew Hamilton, proprietor of a lumber yard at Winona, being employed both in the lumber yard and about his residence. Mr. Hamilton had but one horse at that time, which he used both as a carriage horse and for delivering lumber, so that Mr. Losinski's work in looking after the stable was not arduous. In 1865 Andrew Losinski came to Dodge Township, Trempealeau County, and bought the Wright farm of 133 acres in section 19. Only two acres of the farm had been cleared, and there was neither house nor barn. One of the first things he did, therefore, was to erect a log house and a log barn and then he set to work to clear and improve the land. He resided there until 1899 and then moved to a farm of 180 acres situated a little east of the old home in the same section, which is the farm now owned by his son, Andrew, Jr. It was not until 1892, however, that he purchased the property. Here he resided until his death, July 29, 1911, when he was 78 years old. During his active years he improved the property, erecting a two-story brick house, with upright and wing, and a barn 24 by 84 by 14 feet. A man of sincere religious convictions, Mr. Losinski helped to build the first Catholic church in Pine Creek and was for many years a trustee in that congregation. He and his wife were hard workers and in the early years endured many privations and hardships, but succeeded in acquiring a competency for their old age. For a number of years previous to his death the farm was operated by his son, Andrew, Jr. His wife is still living and resides with her son Andrew, enjoying remarkably good health for one of her years. She was born in West Prussia, Poland, in 1847, and came to America as a child about 1860. Andrew Losinski, Sr., and his wife had nine children : Stanley, born in Dodge Township in 1867; Lorenz, born in 1869, who died in 1883 as the result of blood poisoning from a gunshot wound; Phela, born in 1871, wife of Joseph Poehler, a farmer of Arcadia Township; Vincent, born in 1873 and now living on the old homestead ; Andrew, Jr., proprietor of the homestead ; Frances, born in 1878, and now Mrs. Vincent Bambenek, living near Dodge Village ; Mary, born in 1880, now the wife of Tony Walski, a farmer of Trempeleau Township; Jacob, born in 1882, now a farmer of Arcadia Township, and Frank, born in 1885, who is proprietor of a general store at St. Phihp, Mont., and also postmaster.

Andrew Losinski, Jr., who is engaged in farming in section 19, Dodge Township, was born on the place where he still lives, Sept. 7, 1875, son of Andrew and Anna (Rudink) Losinski. He was reared on the home farm, and under his father's instruction gained a good knowledge of agricultural methods. As his father grew old the management of the farm feU more and more into his hands until at last he had the entire management of it. Three years before his father's death, or in 1908, he bought the property, since which time he has built a new barn and a silo of good capacity, besides a tool shed. His education was obtained in the district and parochial schools. Like his father before him he is a member of the Sacred Heart Catholic church at Pine Creek. In politics he is a Democrat.

Emil F. Rotering, county highway commissioner, is leaving a permanent record of his work in the magnificent system of public roads which the county is developing under his able supervision. As a contractor he was the pioneer builder of macadamized roads in Buffalo and Trempealeau County, and he is thus familiar with the technical details of road building in all its departments. In his present position his experience, his diplomacy and his ability to inspire others with his enthusiasm are all finding their reflection in the work which he is accomphshing. Thoroughly democratic by nature, he is of genial and pleasant temperament, and being still a young man. and having already worthily achieved much of merit, his friends predict for him a brilliant future of wide influence. He was born in Glencoe Township. Butt'alo County. Oct. 4, 1886. son of Henry and I\Iary Rotering. Henry Rotering was born in Germany, came to the United States in 1878, married Mary, a native of Buffalo County, this state, farmed in that county for a number of years, and later operated a livery business in Arcadia. Emil F. Rotering acquired a district school education, and also took a course in the Arcadia high school. He farmed at home until attaining his majority, and then became a rural mail carrier on Route 2, out of Arcadia. Wis. Five years later he associated himself with his father in the livery business. It was thus that he became interested in the good roads movement, and in 1911, the State Road-Aid Law having been passed, he engaged in the road contracting business. In this capacity he built the first macadamized roads in Buffalo and Trempealeau Counties, and also did considerable road grading, receiving practically all the important contracts that were let under the State Aid Law while he was in business. So highly did his work in this capacity commend itself to the people of the county that in 1915 he was appointed to his present position as county commissioner of highways. Taking hold of his new work with a vim. he has followed a consistent plan of improvement, and in spite of the difficulties of road building in Trempealeau County, owing to the inequahties of the surface and the scarcity of good road material, he has evolved a splendid system and accomplished good results. After taking office he disposed of his livery and traded his road-building outfit for a fertile tract of 200 acres near Osseo. which he still owns and which he has fenced and improved in various ways. He also owns a pleasant home in Arcadia, and considerable other real estate, and his business holdings include stock in the Trempealeau Lime Products Company of Trempealeau, the Farmers & Merchants State Bank at Independence, and the Ettrick & Northern Railroad at Ettrick. His fraternal relations are %vith the Knights of Columbus, the Woodmen of the World and the Red Men. Mr. Rotering is one of the most active and wideawake young men in the county, and he is always willing to give his time and Influence in behalf of every movement which he believes to be for the best interests of the county and its people. He is an out-of-door man, an able motorist and an enthusiastic hunter. Mr. Rotering was married Dec. 30. 1913. to Isa Faulds, daughter of John and Margaret Faulds and five years postmistress of Arcadia. John Faulds was born in BaiUieston, Scotland, and came to America with his parents. Mr. and Mrs. James Faulds, in 1847. They settled in Hazelton. Pa., and in the spring of 1855 came to Glencoe, Wis., they being one of the pioneer settlers of that place. He enUsted in Company F. Seventh West Virginia Cavalry. Nov. 4. 1864, and served to Aug. 1. 1865. when he received his honorable discharge. In 1871 he was married to Margaret Wright of Tollcross, Glasgow, Scotland, making their home on the farm in Glencoe until 1880, afterwards mo\ing to Arcadia,

Emil F. Eoteeing

John D. Lewis, the first permanent settler in Lewis Valley, Arcadia Township, and now one of the oldest and most esteemed residents in the township, was born at Syracuse, N. Y., Feb. 19, 1828, son of Morgan and Lydia (Comstock) Lewis. The father was born in DeRuyter, a small village in Madison County, New York, June 29, 1805, and died in the same place July 1, 1855. His wife survived him over 40 years, dying at the home of her son, the subject of this sketch, in Arcadia Township, June 14, 1896, at the age of 90. She was buried in Arcadia Village. The Lewis family is of Welsh origin. John D. Lewis was brought up in his native state, where he learned the carpenter's trade. At. the age of 23 years, Aug. 5, 1851, he married Charlotte Maybury. Three years later, in 1854, he set out for the great Northwest, reaching Winona, Minn., July 8, that year. Here he found work at his trade, and on September 5 was joined by his wife, his son Kossuth and daughter Inez. The family resided in Winona until Jan. 1, 1855, Mr. Lewis working as carpenter for Mr. Sowner, who was then postmaster of Winona. On the date last mentioned he moved with his family to Fountain City, Wis., where he continued to follow his trade. While residing here his little son Kossuth was accidentally drowned, July 8, 1857, which calamity came as a sudden shock and caused great grief in the family, but in October of the same year another son was born, and the name of his dead brother was bestowed on him. On the breaking out of the great Civil war, in April, 1861, Mr. Lewis enlisted promptly in the Sixth Wisconsin Infantry, and obtained the rank of heutenant in Company H. Going south with the regiment, he remained in the service until Dec. 22, 1861, when he was discharged and returned home. March 29, 1865, he re-enlisted as captain, but this time served only one month, when the war ended with the surrender of General Lee. Early in 1866, a Mr. Davis, a surveyor and a friend of Mr. Lewis, told the latter of the value of the land in section 8, Arcadia Township, Trempealeau County, especially in what was then called Niffin Valley. He and his wife decided that this was a good opportunity for them to acquire a homestead, and accordingly. May 26, 1866, Mr. Lewis bought a piece of land in the valley and he and his family moved onto it. Lewis Niffin, who had been a resident there for awhile, had moved away, and the valley now took the name of Lewis Valley, which it bears to this day. Mr. Lewis was very poor when he began farming, and had many difficulties to struggle with. Provisions had to be brought overland from Fountain City, 22 miles away, and there was an immense amount of work to be done on the farm. Mr. Lewis hastily erected the most necessary buildings and began the cultivation of the land. His children were all young and could be of little assistance, so the burden of toil for the first few years fell upon himself and wife. As fast as he was able he increased his improvements on his property, in time erecting a frame house and barn and adding to the number of acres under cultivation, 5n the meanwhile practicing habits of strenuous industry and economy. Prosperity came gradually but surely. Occasionally there were hard times, as in the years of financial depression, but general conditions continued to improve ; other settlers came in, farm machinery was introduced more extensively, lightening the fai-mer's burdens and increasing the size of his crops; better roads were constructed, and with the general rise of prices the value of Mr. Lewis's farm increased. His children grew up, the boys helping their father on the farm and the girls their mother in the work of the household, until some of them married and moved away. In the meanwhile Mr. Lewis has become prominent in the community, and well known not only in his own neighborhood, but also throughout the county. Elected to the office of county clerk, he served in it efficiently for five years, and was also a member and chairman of the county board three terms. He was also a justice of the peace for many years, and for 25 years was school director, also serving for years as clerk of the district. In 1903 Mr. Lewis, then 75 years old, sold his farm to John Busby, a son-in-law, who has since operated it, and with whom, and his daughter, Mrs. Busby, he now resides. Although 89 years old, he retains his faculties in a remarkable degree, being quite active for one of his age, and is quietly enjoying his declining years. His wife died April 1, 1910. Mr. and Mrs. Lewis had a large family, of whom the following is a brief record: Kossuth (1), born in New York state, Feb. 4, 1852, died from drowning at Fountain City, Wis., July 8, 1857 ; Inez, born in New York state Aug. 7, 1853, who is now Mrs. John Burt of Myers Falls, Wash. ; Charles, born in Winona, Minn., Dec. 24, 1854, who died in infancy; Kossuth (2), born at Fountain City, Oct. 4, 1857, who is now living in Topeka, Kans. ; Blanche, born Dec. 1, 1860, who married Frank Ducker of Green Bay, Wis., and died in 1913; Gertrude, born at Fountain City, Jan. 1, 1863, who is now the wife of John Busby, owner of the Lewis homestead; Clive, born at Fountain City, Dec. 9, 1864, and now living at Beach, N. D. ; Delos, born in Arcadia Township, Jan. 4, 1867, who resides at Glendive, Mont.; Adelbert A., born in Arcadia Township, June 28, 1869, who resides in Minneapolis, Minn. ; Archie, born in Arcadia Township, who died at Fridley, Mont., in 1914, and Hugh, born in Arcadia Township, Oct. 6, 1876, who is now living in Korpal Valley, this township. Mr. Lewis, though reared a Baptist, has never united with any church. He is one of the best known and most highly esteemed citizens of Trempealeau County and has attained his present position in life through honest indus- ,try, fulfilhng his obligations to all men and doing whatever he could to advance the interests of the general community. His surviving children are also prosperous and respected.

Stephen Richmond was born in St. Lawrence County in the state of New York in the year 1848. His father, John Richmond, was an Englishman, and his mother, Margaret Hoy, was of Irish nativity. He i-eceived his education in the common schools of his native village, Louisville, and in the Lawrence Academy and Potsdam State Normal school. After completing his academic schooling he taught school for several years in the state of New York with marked success. About the year 1870 the "call of the West" reached him and bent his course toward the Badger state, and settling in Trempealeau County he became one of the pioneer schoolmasters. He was a strict disciplinarian, yet withal possessed of infinite kindness of heart - not that kind which finds its only expression in a sentimental demonstration, but rather of that character which looks to final results and the building up of better citizenship. The motto of his life, and the one that he sought to impress upon his pupils was, "Hew to' the line, let the chips fall where they may." For five years he was principal of the schools of Galesville, during which time he carefully instructed and became an important factor in moulding and forming the characters of many who today are among Galesville's best citizens, people who justly attribute much of their success and happiness to his untiring vigilance during those all but forgotten school days. In 1878 Mr. Richmond, feeling that he could be of greater use to his fellows in a new and untried field, moved to Arcadia, the village that was thenceforward to become his permanent home. Here for some years longer he pursued the noble profession of instructor, devoting all his moments of leisure to the study of the law, to such good purpose that in the following year he was duly admitted to practice that honorable profession. At about the same time, recognizing his unusual talent and ability as an instructor and organizer of schools the people of Trempealeau County elected him to the office of County Superintendent of Schools, which office he honorably filled for some time. Mr. Richmond married Ida Merwin of Centerville in 1871, and seven children were born to them, two daughters who died in infancy and two daughters now living, Gertrude and Lulu, and three sons, Frank C, Ben F. and William M. The two sons, Frank C. and Ben F., following in the footsteps of the father, pursued the study of the law, were admitted to the bar and became members of the law firm of Richmond & Richmond. Frank C. Richmond is also a graduate physician. Ben Richmond enlisted in the Spanish-American war and died soon after being mustered out from disease contracted in the army. The unusual brilliancy of this son was the source of continual pride to the father, and the shock of his untimely death was almost more than the fond parents could endure. This crushing blow seemed to affect the health of the father and marked an apparent decline in his previous robust health. It shattered his great hopes for the future of the firm he had so carefully launched; but with his usual undaunted courage he buried his sorrow in his great heart and manfully took up the added burden. As a lawyer he was deeply, conscious of his duties to his client, making the sorrows and passions of his client his own so that all enemies of his client were his enemies during the time he was engaged. These cares and duties were with him both day and night. To have put them aside during his hours of rest and diversion would have been to him a grave wrong to his cUent - an unforgivable sin. Mr. Richmond was a man of true friends, men of worth and character, who were drawn to him by the depth and sincerity of his nature, who loved the man for what he was - a friend not in prosperity alone, but as well in the dark day of adversity. In the course of nature a well rounded life, rich in those achievements which distinguish one from his fellows, reached its close, Sept. 4, 1912; the distinguished and respected citizen, the loved and loving father and husband, with every earthly obligation fulfilled, lay down to his last sleep. Mr. Richmond was deeply interested in historical matters, especially in the history of pioneer times in Western Wisconsin. It was his aspiration to prepare a History of Trempealeau County. He died before his task was completed, but he left behind many valuable manuscripts, which have been used as the base of much of the material in this present history.

Frank R. Paine, a prosperous business man of Arcadia Village, dealing in farm loans, was born at Cascade, Sheboygan County, Wis., Oct. 29, 1862, son of Rensselaer C. and Laura (Bigelow) Paine. The father was a native of Vermont, who came west and married Laura Bigelow at Cascade, Wis., in 1860. They settled near Winona, Minn., where in the spring of 1862 he was killed by a kick from a horse. After her husband's death Mrs. Paine returned to Cascade, and there the subject of this sketch was born in the following fall. In 1865 Mrs. Paine contracted a second marriage with H. T. Miller of Cascade, and she and her husband resided there until her son Frank was nine years old. Then, in 1871, the family moved to Sheboygan Falls, Wis. In the fall of 1874 they came to Arcadia, Trempealeau County, and here Mr. Miller bought a half interest in the flour mill of Broughton & Thomas, Mr. Broughton withdrawing from the firm, which then became Miller & Thomas. Soon after this Jacob R. Bear bought out the interest of Mr. Thomas, and the style of the firm was changed to Miller & Bear. In the meanwhile Frank R. Paine had grown to manhood. He had been educated in the common schools of Cascade, Sheboygan Falls and Arcadia, and at the age of 18 became clerk on a Mississippi River steamboat. Some time after the firm of Miller & Bear was formed, having now some means, he bought a half interest in the flour mill and was concerned in its operation until 1886 or 1887. In 1890 the entire property, including the mill dam, was destroyed by a great flood, but in the same year Mr. Paine organized a stock company and rebuilt the mill and property, managing it subsequently until 1910. Since then he has been engaged in selling farm loans. These have not been his entire activities, however, as in 1883, with Mr. Bear and his brother Fred he opened a general store at Durand, Wis. Mr. Bear died the same winter at Durand and Frank R. and Fred Paine continued the business up to 1886, when they sold out and Frank went to La Crosse, Wis., where he conducted a grocery store for about a year. In 1887 his health failed and for three years he was an invalid. May 22, 1885, Frank R. Paine married Kate A., daughter of Albert R. and Adeline Rathbone of Arcadia, the ceremony being presided over at the bride's home by Rev. T. G. Owen. Of this union two children have been born, Ina L., May 29, 1886, who is now Mrs. Ralph W. Danuser, her husband being a druggist in Arcadia, and Adehne, born Jan. 17, 1888, who died March 20, 1889. Mr. Paine is an independent in politics and has served as president of the village board of Arcadia two terms, having been a member of the board for a longer period. He is a member of the Masonic order, having belonged to the Blue Lodge at Arcadia since 1886, to the Chapter at Arcadia since 1887 and to the Eastern Star. He has belonged to the Modern Woodmen of America for many years, being a charter member of his lodge; also to the Independent Order of Foresters, of which lodge he is also a charter member, and to the Elk Lodge at La Crosse, of which he has been a member since 1904. Mr. Paine has a brother, Fred, who was born at Winona, Minn., in August, 1861, and who is now hving in Arcadia ; also a half sister and a half brother. The half sister, Laura, born in 1872, is now Mrs. G. O. Banting of Chippewa Falls, Wis. ; the half brother, Charles Miller, born in 1866, resides at Stoughton, Wis., where he is superintendent of the electric department of the Mandt Wagon Works. Mr. Paine's mother is still living and resides at Chippewa Falls, with her daughter Laura, whose husband, G. 0. Banting, is superintendent of city schools.

Christian G. Wenger, who is now living retired in Arcadia Village, after a successful career as an agriculturist, was born in Ohio, Aug. 18, 1852, son of Christian and Magdalena Wenger. When a boy he accompanied his parents to Buffalo County, Wisconsin, they settling on a farm in Cross Township. There he was reared, acquiring his education in the district school, and also becoming familiar with farm work on the homestead. On April 29, 1884, he was united in marriage with Bertha Wolfe, daughter of Phillip and Catherine (Rudeiger) Wolfe, who lived on a neighboring farm. Mr. Wenger and his wife had known each other from childhood, having attended the same school. In the spring in which they were married they took a rented farm in Cross Township, near the old home, and in the following year Mr. Wenger purchased the farm. After operating it until 1890 he was attacked by rheumatism, which compelled him to give up farming for awhile, so he rented out the place and took up his residence in Fountain City, where he made his home for a year and a half. He had recovered from his rheumatism, however, at the end of a year, and during his last six months in Fountain City he was engaged in a brick yard. In the fall of 1892 Mr. Wenger went back to his Buffalo County farm and resumed agricultural operations. It contained 160 acres, mostly improved, and he operated it for ten years longer. Then in 1902 he sold it and purchased the Meili farm, two miles north of Arcadia on Independence road. This also was a farm of 160 acres, well improved. In 1908 Mr. Wenger bought the Winkel farm of 113 acres, all improved with good buildings, and situated one mile north of Arcadia on Independence road. These two farms he operated until the summer of 1917, when he retired and, building a beautiful residence in Arcadia Village, has since resided here in the enjoyment of an ample competency gained through his own efforts as a general farmer and dairyman, in which branch of industry he achieved a marked success. He has rented his farms to his two sons, Alvin operating the Meili farm and Walter the Winkel farm. Mr. Wenger is a Republican in politics. He served one term as a member of the township board and was for a number of years a member of the district school board. For many years also he has belonged to the Modern Woodmen of America, being a member of Camp No. 769 of Arcadia. Mr. and Mrs. Wenger are the parents of four children: Oscar C, Alvin E., Olivia Ida and Walter H. Oscar C, born in Cross Township, Buffalo County, Nov. 29, 1886, is residing in Arcadia and is a rural mail carrier. He married Lena Ulbrecht of Courtland, Wis. Alvin E., born Feb. 25, 1889, in Cross Township, is a farmer, as mentioned above. He married Marie Shunk of Union Grove, Wis. Olivia Ida, born May 14, 1891, was graduated at the Arcadia high school and for some time was a teacher. She is now the wife of Rev. C. H. Kolander, pastor of the Evangelical church at Madison, Wis. Walter H., born Nov. 22, 1894, in Cross Township, is unmarried, and, as already mentioned, is operating the Winkel farm, residing with his brother Oscar and wife. The family are members of the Evangelical Association, being active in its good work and aiding in its support. They are good representatives of the best agricultural class in this part of Trempealeau County.

Leonard E. Danuser, well-known merchant of Arcadia, was born in Sauk County, Wisconsin, April 18, 1849, son of Florian and Celia (Buehler) Danuser, the pioneers. Florian Danuser was born in Canton Grisons, Switzerland, came to America in 1848, lived for some years in Sauk County, Wisconsin, and in 1855 came with other members of the family to Buffalo County, where they settled in the ravine that has since been known as the Danuser Valley. Leonard E. Danuser was reared to farm pursuits, and early turned his attention to merchandising. In 1877 he engaged in the hardware business in Independence, and thus continued until he came to Arcadia and purchased the business of Emil Maurer. The store is conducted under the name of L. E. Danuser & Son, and the son Ralph W. is the active manager. The company occupies a sightly brick building on Main street, compounds prescriptions, conducts a soda water fountain and deals in drugs, cigars, stationery, toilet articles, rubber goods, china, cut glass, jewelry and silverware. Mr. Danuser was married Dec. 6, 1877, to Hannah E. Lehman of Naperville, 111., daughter of Henry M. and Sarah (Huber) Lehman. Mr. and Mrs. Danuser have four children: Ralph W., his father's partner ; Sadie, wife of O. B. Strouse, cashier of the State Bank of Arcadia, and Lulu, who died at the age of seven years; Lillian, who is at present clerking in the store.

Ralph W. Danuser, licensed pharmacist and active manager of the store of L. E. Danuser & Son, Arcadia, was born in Independence May 14, 1880, passed through the graded schools and graduated from the Independence high school in 1896 and the Arcadia high school in 1898. Then he took a course in pharmacy and chemistry at the University of Wisconsin, with the degree of Ph. G. Since then he has been connected with his present concern. Fraternally Mr. Danuser is a member of the Masonic order, the Elks and the Independent Foresters. Mr. Danuser was married May 22, 1909, to Ina L. Paine of Arcadia, daughter of Frank R. and Kate A. (Rathbone) Paine, and this union has been blessed with four children: Donald, born April 12, 1900; Eileen, Aug. 12, 1911; Adeline, Nov. 13, 1914, and Bruce, May 26, 1917.

William H. Selck, manager of the electric light plant at Whitehall, Wis., and proprietor of the W. H. Selck Electric Company, was born in Arcadia, Trempealeau County, 1877, son of Timothy and Anna (Ehlers) Selck. Timothy Selck, who was born in Germany, came to America in 1860, residing for a few years in Winona, Minn., and Trempealeau, Wis. He then moved to Arcadia, where for over 30 years he followed the tailor's trade, dying in 1894 at the age of 52. His wife Anna, whom he married in Winona, now lives in Fargo, N. D., with her daughter Cora, who is the wife of Thomas Sullivan, a newspaper man. There were three elder children in the family, which numbered four in all, namely: Lena, wife of John

Danuser, an electrician living in Arcadia ; Lydia, wife of Henry Schroeder, a barber of Arcadia, and William H., of Whitehall. WiUiam H. Selck, after acquiring his elementary education, attended the Arcadia high school, and subsequently the University of Wisconsin. He then found employment as a bookkeeper, first at Pittsburgh, Pa., where he remained one year, and later in St. Paul, Minn., of which city he was a resident for two years. Returning to Arcadia he entered the employ of the Arcadia Telephone Company, and was with them for one year, during which time he helped to install the electric light plant at Independence, which he operated for one year subsequently. In 1903 Mr. Selck assumed the duties of his present position and has been thus employed up to the present time. In February, 1915, he bought from the village of Whitehall the electrical supply business which he is now operating under the name of the W. H. Selck Electrical Company, doing all kinds of electrical construction work. This business and his official duties as manager of the local light plant keep him busily employed in remunerative work. He is a member of the German Lutheran church and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. May 12, 1902, Mr. Selck married Ellen Michaels, daughter of John Michaels, a liveryman of Ackley, Iowa. He and his wife have had six children : Harold, who died at the age of 12 days ; Miles, who died at the age of four years ; Rolland, Norman and Warren, who are living, and one other who died at birth.

Daniel Scholz, who for many years was one of the best known and most respected citizens of Lincoln Township, was born in Schlesan, Germany, May 4, 1863, son of Gottlieb and Annie (Reuter) Scholz. The parents, both of whom are now deceased, came to America with their children in 1874, locating in section 7, Lincoln Township, this county, from wJiich place they removed subsequently to a homestead in section 11. On this latter farm they spent the rest of their lives. Daniel Scholz was eleven years old when the family settled in Trempealeau County. At an early age he assisted his father in the work on the farm, and after the death of his parents came into possession of the homestead, where he followed farming until his own death from drowning, March 24, 1913. His sudden removal while in the prime of life was a great grief to his family and a shock to the whole community. He had served as school clerk for nine years, and was a member and for most of his life had been an official of the German Lutheran church. Daniel Scholz was married Oct. 5, 1886, to Augusta Strege, who was born in Pomerania, Germany, Nov. 27, 1861, daughter of Herman and Caroline Strege, and who came to America in 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Scholz had nine children: Carl F. C, who manages the farm for his mother ; Bertha, the wife of Henry Underwood, who assists Carl on the farm; Annie, who married Carl Woychik, a carpenter living near the Scholz farm, and has two children, Raymond and Adeline; Ella, wife of Albert Fromm, also living in the neighborhood, who has one child, Evelyn ; Emma, a graduate of the La Crosse normal school, who has been teaching for four years in Hale Township ; Clara, Rudolph, Paul and Otto, all of whom reside at home.

Olea (Olson) Gunderson. The father was born in Soler, Norway, in 1834, and came to the United States in 1862, settling in Blair, Trempealeau County, Wis., where he remained two years. In 1864 he homesteaded a farm in section 6, range 8 west, township 22 north, Hale Township, and devoted the rest of his active period to its cultivation, his death taking place in October, 1881. His wife Olea, who was born in Soler, Norway, in 1842, after her husband's death contracted a second marriage with Brede Ramstad of section 1, Chimney Rock Township. She died Jan. 8, 1906, her second husband surviving her and being still a resident of his farm in Chimney Rock. Martin Gunderson, Sr., was an industrious, capable man and during his career as an agriculturist in Hale Township did much to improve his farm. He is still remembered by the older residents of the township, among whom he had many friends. Martin Gunderson, Jr., who was the youngest of eight children, acquired a good knowledge of agriculture and on the death of his mother purchased the old homestead, which he has since carried on with profitable results, doing general farming. His two-story frame residence, having seven rooms and basement, was erected in 1910 and is a neat and substantial dwelling. In 1915 he built a frame barn, with basement of cement blocks, 36 by 70 by 16 feet above basement, the latter having cement floors. It is equipped with steel stanchions and other necessary or useful appliances, furnishing ample accommodations for his stock. Dec. 25, 1908, Martin Gunderson, Jr., was united in marriage with Amelia Anderson, who was born in Whitehall, Wis., Feb. 20, 1872, being the eldest of the 12 children of Gilbert and Mary (Matson) Anderson. Her father, who was born in Norway in 1849, came to this country in 1860 and engaged in farming in Rosko's Coolie, Hale Township. He died March 8, 1911. Her mother, born in Soler, Norway, Jan. 19, 1854, is now a resident of Eleva, this county. Mr. and Mrs. Gunderson have no children of their own, but are rearing a son of Mrs. Gunderson's brother, Otto, Roy Anderson, who was born Nov. 20, 1903.

Olof C. Olson. Among the model farms of Unity Township is that of Olof C. Olson in section 19, containing 200 acres, and which is one of the old established farms of the township, its development having occupied a period of over 40 years. It was settled in 1873 by Christ Olson Poajakka, father of the subject of this sketch, who, born in Norway in 1834, emigrated to the United States in 1872, first locating in La Crosse County, Wisconsin. There, however, he remained only a year, at the end of that time coming to Unity Township, Trempealeau County, where he bought from the railroad company the land which now constitutes the above mentioned farm, and which is now known as Beef River Valley Stock Farm. Here Christ Olson Poajakka resided subsequently until his death in 1894, actively engaged in the development and improvement of his property, in which enterprise he made considerable pi'ogress. His wife, whose maiden name was Marie Flatten, is still living and resides with her son Olof C, the present proprietor of the farm, being now 76 years old. Olof C. Olson was born on the farm he now owns, July 21, 1873, soon after his parents had moved onto it, and here he has passed all his subsequent years. Until March, 1901, he worked for his parents, and then purchased the farm, since which time he has made some important additional improvements on it. In 1912 he built a barn, 36 by 100 by 16 feet above the basement, which is constructed of cement blocks, having cement floors, steel stalls, stanchions and mangers, cement water troughs and steel calf pens, with room for 75 head of cattle. He has also a side barn, 16 by 48 by 8 feet, and another, 16 by 24 by 9 feet ; two stave silos, 14 by 32 and 14 by 30 feet, and a hog house, 20 by 30 feet, with cement floor. His residence is a good substantial frame house of six rooms. The farm is well fenced with woven wire fencing. Mr. Olson keeps and raises pure-bred Shorthorn cattle, having a herd of 50 head, all registered, the head of his cattle herd being the five-year-old bull Roan Duke, weighing 2,250 pounds. His hogs are of the large type Poland-China breed, all full-blooded, registered animals, of which he has 200 head, selling 150 head in the season of 1916. The heads of the hog herd are King Jumbo, two years old and weighing 850 pounds, and Big Type Jim, which weighed as a pig in March, 1916, 250 pounds, and has won several prizes at various important fairs. Mr. Olson also raises Percheron horses, having two stal- Uons, has a flock of 60 pure-bred Mammoth Bronze turkeys and flocks of Toulouse geese and Black Minorca chickens. June 6, 1899, Mr. Olson was united in marriage with Paulina Thomasgaard, who was born in Unity Township, Sept. 16, 1872, daughter of Ole and Marie (Kleven) Thomasgaard, of whom a memoir appears elsewhere in this work. He and his wife have five children: Colonel, Edwin, Mabel, Melvin and Juha. The family are members of the United Norwegian Lutheran church, and Mr. Olson belongs also to the Order of Beavers. He is a stockholder in the Unity Co-operative Creamery at Strum. His present prosperity aff'ords a strong contrast to the conditions which prevailed when his parents first settled on this farm, as the house in which he was born was a dug-out in the hill, roofed over with marsh hay, and with a dirt floor and sod walls. In his boyhood days luxuries were unknown except that game was more often seen on the table than it is today, but often had to be eaten when other food would have been more palatable. As the son of early settlers, and himself a native of Unity Township, he is widely acquainted throughout this and neighboring townships, and he and his family stand high in public esteem.

Louis N. Larson, M. D. C, who is engaged in veterinary practice in Whitehall, Wis., was born in Norway, Aug. 30, 1874, son of Bernt and Johanna (Nelson) Larson. The father, also a native of Norway, came to America with his family in 1880, settling in Berton, S. D., where he foflowed farming until 1909. He then removed to Pearson, Wash., which is his present place of residence. At the age of 62 he retired from farming. His wife Johanna died in 1889 at the age or 39 years. Louis N. Larson, after acquiring his elementary education, spent two years in the high school of Spring Valley, Minn., and afterwards one year at Minneapolis Academy. He then entered the Chicago Veterinary College, from which he was graduated in 1905. Locating in Whitehall in the spring of the same year, he has since followed his profession here successfully. He has made special studies in bacteriology and histology, espe- cially as applied to veterinary science, and is rapidly becoming recognized as an expei't in his line. He is a member of several medical associations, the Society of Graduate Veterinarians of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Veterinary Medical Association. One of the stockholders of the Peoples State Bank of Whitehall he takes an interest in the success of that institution. His fraternal affiliations are with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Independent Order of Foresters and the Modern Woodmen of America. In politics he is a Republican. Dr. Larson was married May 23, 1906, to Tina Gusk of Preston Township, who was born in that township Nov. 23, 1881, daughter of Bernt and Jonena (Strate) Gusk. Her father, who still lives on the Gusk homestead, was born in Norway and came to America in 1870. Dr. and Mrs. Larson have a wide circle of friends and acquaintances in and around Whitehall.

Clarence J. Van Tassel, county surveyor of Trempealeau County, was born in Hale Township, this county, July 5, 1879, son of James and Clara (Wegner) Van Tassel. The father, who was born in Kenosha, Wis., came to Trempealeau County with his parents in 1863. They located in Hale Township, where he spent the rest of his life, dying in 1898 at the age of 40 years. His wife Clara, to whom he was married in Whitehall, is living at the age of 62 years. Clarence J. Van Tassel after acquiring an education took up the occupation of school teacher in 1895 and was thus engaged four years. Then, having learned the trade of photographer, he followed it in Whitehall till January, 1916, when he sold out. In the meanwhile he studied civil engineering at home, devoting a part of his time to it from 1907 to 1912, since which time he has followed it exclusively. He was elected county surveyor in the fall of 1910 and re-elected in the fall of 1914, having held the position continuously up to the present time. He also does engineering work for the Ettrick & Northern Railroad from Ettrick to Blair. His fraternal connections are with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in which he has passed all the chairs. Mr. Van Tassel was married Nov. 1, 1899; to Anna Stanley of Onalaska, who was a public school teacher, daughter of Lyman and Diana Stanley. Her mother is now a resident of North Yakima, Wash. Mr. and Mrs. Van Tassel have been the parents of five children : Wilma, who died at the age of six months ; Thurman, Howard, Gerald and Olive. The family reside in Whitehall, where they have a wide circle of friends and acquaintances.

Edward Torgerson, popular and efficient sheriff of Trempealeau County, from Jan. 1, 1915, to Jan. 1, 1917, is a native of this county, having been born in Independence July 2, 1885, second of the eight children born to Christ and Martha (Bidney) Torgerson, the former of whom is a hardware merchant in Independence. He passed through the public schools, and as a boy began work in his father's general store at Whitehall. There he remained until his father sold out in 1912. In the fall of 1914 he was elected sheriff. As sheriff he did excellent work and won the admiration of all the people of the county. Mr. Torgerson's fraternal affiliations are with the Masonic order and the Modern Woodmen. He was married April 28, 1911, to Stella Torson, daughter of Ole and Anna (Skogen) Torson, the former of whom is a meat dealer in Whitehall.

Frank L. Koepke, who is engaged in business in Whiteiiall as horse trainer, and as manufacturer and distributor of the Koepke controller bridles and the Koepke leading and subduing bridle, was born in Pommern, Germany, July 14, 1868. His parents, William H. and Albertina (Geffe) came to the United States with their family in 1869, settling in southeastern Pennsylvania, where the father engaged in railroad work. In 1885 they came to Wisconsin, and for two years resided in La Crosse. Then coming to Trempealeau County, William H. Koepke took a farm in Burnside Township, which he operated five years. Subsequently buying a farm in Hale Township he made that place his residence for the rest of his life, dying in 1911 at the age of 76 years. His wife died in 1913 at the age of 78. Frank L. Koepke was employed in railroad work for two years in early manhood. He then worked on his father's farm until 1898, in which year he took up the business of horse breaking, in which he has become an expert, having handled successfully all kinds of vicious horses. For some time he worked on horse ranches in Western Nebraska, handling as many as 83 horses for one ranch. He was employed on the Spade ranch, the largest ranch in Nebraska, and also on the Ostrander ranch at the same place. In 1906 he came back to Whitehall and in 1911, in company with his brother Carl, he conducted his father's farm, afterwards operating part of it for himself until 1914, since which time he has lived in Whitehall. Mr. Koepke was married Nov. 2, 1910, to Frances Gibson of Whitehall, a daughter of James and Alice (Bateman) Gibson, and who for some 12 years before her marriage was engaged in teaching. Mrs. Koepke's father, who was a pioneer settler in this region, died in Whitehall in 1902 at an advanced age. Mr. and Mrs. Koepke have three children: William James, born Oct. 26, 1913; Fern Majorie, born Jan. 16, 1912, and Donald Richard, born June 13, 1916.

Theodore B. Olson, proprietor of the Whitehall Cement Block Factory, at Whitehall, Wis., was born in Moe Cooley, Pigeon Township, Dec. 25, 1884, son of Brede and Tina (Peterson) Olson. The father was born in Norway in 1829 and came to America in 1871, buying a farm in Pigeon Township, this county, where he remained until his death in September, 1912. His wife, to whom he was married in Norway, was born there in February, 1841. She is still living and resides with her son Brede in Pigeon Township. Their living children are four sons and one daughter : Johanna, who is now Mrs. B. P. Moe of Pigeon Township ; Ole, a retired farmer living in Whitehall; Brede B., a farmer of Pigeon Township; Martin, a farmer in Sumner Township, and Theodore B. of Whitehall. Theodore B. Olson was the youngest member of his parent's family, which numbered in all 11 children. He remained at home until he was 20 years old, working during the last four years of that time for his brother Brede. In 1907 he began leai-ning the carpenter's trade, and worked at it subsequently in various places until August, 1912. Then taking up his residence in Whitehall, he entered the employ of A. E. Wood, a contractor, for whom he worked until December, 1915, at which time he bought an interest in the Whitehall Cement Block Factory, of which he is now the proprietor. The business is carried on in a one-story frame building, 36 by 90 feet, which is equipped with one press machine for making ell-blocks, a tamping machine for 8-inch blocks and a brick machine. The factory has a capacity of 500 blocks a day, and employs three men, having a ready sale for all the product they can turn out. Mr. Olson at first bought a one-third interest in the business, but purchased the remaining two-thirds May 4, 1916. He is a member of the Norwegian Lutheran church.

George N, Hidershide, M. D., dean of the medical profession in Trempealeau County, pioneer physician, retired army officer, useful citizen, and man-of-affairs, came to Arcadia in 1875, less than eighteen months after the railroad was opened, and his experiences were typical of that heroic band of medical practitioners who had so important a part in the development of the Noi'thwest. The story of his career presents him as working out the destinies of pioneer life hand in hand with the other forces for the common good. He was an integral part of the pioneer social fabric. As such he shared the aims and ambitions of his companions. Only rough outlines can be given of the heroic and adventurous side of his long and honored life. The imagination cannot, unaided by facts, picture the primitive conditions with which he had to contend. Long and dreary rides by day and night, in summer's heat and winter's cold, through flood and drought, through snow and mud, through rain and hail, were his common lot. Often he went for a week without being out of his clothes, and sometimes he went days without sleep. He trusted himself to the wilderness, crossed unbridged streams, made his way over untrodden ridges, and traveled the roadless wilderness. What few roads there were, were in the worst of condition. Often he took routes which showed not a single trace of human travel. Some roads consisted merely of parallel wheel tracks, from which the rain had washed the earth, leaving ruts whose stones made travel a constant succession of jolts. The present generation cannot realize the difficulties of a physician's travels in those days. Oftentimes the traveler had to make a temporary bridge across the swollen streams with planks or logs or poles. Sometimes in a dangerous place the horses had to be unhitched and led for a distance and tied, and then the vehicle hauled over the same route by the driver. Sometimes the patient was in a cabin so inaccessible that the physician had to leave his horse in a sheltered nook and find his way to the cabin on foot. But Dr. Hidershide was not unaccustomed to pioneer life and conditions. He had settled in Mt. Vernon Township, in Winona County, when that township was a wilderness ; he was not only in active sympathy with pioneer life, but was prepared by his own experiences to cope with its conditions. It was indeed particularly fortunate for the pioneers of Trempealeau County that a man of Dr. Hidershide's type was the one who should have cast his destinies in this county at the time he did. There was much sickness and much suffering. The people were poorly nourished and poorly housed. Sanitary conditions were of the worst. No quarantine restrictions were observed. Contagion was carried from family to family, and within the families there was no opportunity for isolation. To lay four or five contagion-stricken children in a single grave under the prairie sod was no uncommon experience. Physicians were few. The resources of the best physicians were limited. The doctors were without any of the modern equipment for fighting disease. The doctors at Black River Falls, Merrillan, Whitehall, Fountain City, Galesville, Trempealeau, Arcadia and Winona, who served this entire district, were greatly overworked. They were without our present means of physical diagnosis, without our laboratories and experiments, our medical journals, our chemistry, our bacteriology, our Roentgen rays, our experimental pharmacology and our antitoxin serums ; abdominal surgery was considered almost an impossibility, the Dr. McDowell case in Kentucky being the only one on record at that time. Many diseases which now yield to treatment were considered fatal. But Dr. Hidershide had his eyes, his ears, his fingers, his native vigor and resourcefulness, his kindliness of heart, and his adaptability. He learned much for himself, he kept pace with modern discovery, he readily adjusted himself to changing conditions, he put his heart and sympathies into every case. Up to the time of his serious illness six years ago he never refused a call. He always responded to the poor and gave as freely to those who could not pay as to those who were able to recompense him. In the early days the only income of the farmers came from small grains, and this money did not come until late fall. Many a farmer had hardly a single dollar during the spring and summer months. Business was done on credit. Often without funds himself. Dr. Hidershide year after year worked through winter, spring and summer, waiting until fall for the meager pay for his faithful services, only to find even then that many of the patients were unable to pay, and that he would have to wait until another fall, or sometimes forever. The long and exhaustive rides, the exposure to contagions, the heartaches and discouragements, the patient vigils by bedsides of agony when his own body was exhausted by exposure and racked with pain of fatigue, the kindly deeds of charity, the reassuring messages to the despondent, the shielding of the innocent, the guarding of secrets, the numberless self abnegations of such a man cannot be chronicled. He became almost a member of the families to whom he ministered. He was the adviser in matters not always purely medical. How welcome was his coming in the stormy midnight to a lonely cabin miles from the nearest neighbor. Earnest, cheery, capable, confident, his presence lightened the burden, shouldered the responsibility and brightened the gloom. From the toils and exposures of his professional life the doctor has found surcease in his love of the beautiful in nature. Passionately fond of flowers, he has laid out his lawns in a profusion of shrubbery and plants, and his estate, situated on the slope of land which separates the flats from the table lands on the principal street in Arcadia, represents the loving care which he has devoted to its arrangement and perfection. George N. Hidershide was born in Luxembourg, June 13, 1850, son of Nicholas and Anna M. (Salenting) Hidershide. They were well established there, but willing to sacrifice the comforts of their position and the companionship of their friends that their family might escape from the shackles of militarism, they determined upon cutting loose from old traditions and estabUshing themselves in the new world. Accordingly in 1857, with their four children, Peter, now a retired farmer of Mt. Vernon Township, Winona County, Minn.; Mary

Jane, now of Brown's Valley, Minnesota, widow of John Rodenbour; George N., the subject of this sketch ; and Mary A., now the wife of Henry D. Stevens of Winona ; (Louisa, who like her husband, Joseph Meyers, is now deceased, having been born later in this country), they set sail, and reaching Minneiska, Minn., in July of that year, they settled on a farm in Mt. Vernon Township, Winona County, in that state. There the father died, and in later years the mother moved to Arcadia, where she was given loving care and attention by her devoted son, the subject of this sketch. George N. grew to sturdy young manhood on the Mt. Vernon farm, attending the district schools, and rounding out his preparatory education with a course in the Winona State Normal School. In the meantime he had spent a year learning English in the home of Dr. George F. Childs, in Minneiska, and this had inspired him to adopt medicine as a profession. In due time he entered the Louisville Medical College at Louisville, Ky., and was graduated therefrom in 1875. This education he has supplemented by extensive reading and study, and by post-graduate courses in the Rush Medical College at Chicago, the Vienna University at Vienna, Austria, and in other institutions, so although the whole tenor of medical practice has changed since his entering the profession, he has nevei'theless kept fully abreast of the latest discoveries and the most modern methods. After a short practice in Chicago he was called home by the death of his father, and it was while home on the farm that he was induced to cast his destinies in Arcadia, with whose history his name has since been inseparably connected. His professional duties have taken him as far as Tacoma, Wash., Davis City, Iowa, and Jamestown, N. D. In Arcadia, where he is deeply loved and respected, he has been president of the village, president of the board of health, and president of the library board, of which last named body he is still the head. He was one of the founders of the Western Wisconsin Telephone Company, of which he is vice-president, and installed the first telephone in the Trempealeau Valley in this county. His financial interests also include stock in the Bank of Arcadia, in which he is a director, and whose destinies he has helped to shape. An active Republican in politics, he was chairman of the Republican County Committee for two terms, and in the old convention days was a delegate to many a political gathering, and the center of many a hot contest. For a time he was a member of the county board and has also served in other offices. He is a Thirty-second degree Mason and also associates fraternally with the Modern Woodmen, the United Workmen and the Beavers. He is a member of the American Medical Association, the State Medical Association and the Trempealeau. Jackson and Buffalo County Medical Association, and was first president of the Trempealeau County Medical Association, and at one time pi-esident of the Western Wisconsin Medical Society, now superseded by the individual county societies. He is also an active member of the Trempealeau County Historical Society. As a patriot he has given loyal service to this state and country. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War he off'ered his services to the state, and became assistant surgeon of the First Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, with the rank of first lieutenant, serving through the war and being mustered out with the regiment at the close of the conflict.

His kindly services so endeared him to the members of the regiment that upon the request of several of them the adjutant general recommended him to the governor for reappointment when the National Guard was reorganized. Accordingly he became assistant surgeon with the rank of first lieutenant on the staff of the Third Regiment, Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, being promoted to captain in the same regiment in 1903. In 1912 he received his commission as major, and became chief surgeon of the Second Regiment. He was retired from military life June 13, 1915. Dr. Hidershide was married in September, 1892, to Joseph Agnes, daughter of Michael and Margaret (Pfeiffer) Agnes. Michael Agnes, a merchant, was the original proprietor of the townsite of Minneiska, Minn.

Mrs. Sophia Proctor, proprietor of a lumber yard in Arcadia, with a branch at Dodge, is an excellent type of a modern business woman. She was born in Waumandee Valley, Buffalo County, this state, April 28, 1861, daughter of William and Grace (Muir) Robertson. Educated in the village schools of Arcadia, she made good progress in her studies and at the age of 18 years engaged in teaching. In this occupation she continued for three terms in the rural schools and four years in the Arcadia Village schools. She made a most proficient teacher, had unusual success in instilling knowledge, and is still held in loving regard by those who were then her pupils. July 19, 1883, when she was 22 years old, she was married to Richard Proctor. She entered thoroughly into his life and work, assisted him with his books in the lumber and grain business, and in 1896 became his partner. Since his lamented death Sept. 3, 1904, she has carried on the lumber business alone. She is the only woman member of the Wisconsin Retail Lumbermen's Association, and the only woman retail lumber dealer in Wisconsin. In public, fraternal and church affairs she has taken an active interest. For some years she did excellent service as trustee of the Arcadia Cemetery Association and as a member of the public library board. In Golden Rod Lodge, No. 100, Order of Beavers, she was worthy queen two years and secretary five years. In Coral Rebekah Lodge, I. 0. O. F., of Whitehall, she is likewise a faithful member. The Methodist Episcopal Church has found her a faithful member as treasurer, trustee and steward, and for many years she has been a teacher in the Sunday school. Energetic, capable and public spirited, Mrs. Proctor enjoys a wide popularity both in business and social circles.

Richard Proctor, for many years a lumber dealer and grain buyer in Arcadia, was born in England in 1844, and at the age of nine years was brought to this country by his parents, who settled on a farm near Old Arcadia. He was there reared, and for a short time attended school, but was largely a self-made man. He became interested in the lumber and grain business, was grain buyer for the Cargill Company at Arcadia, and conducted a lumber yard of his own. He died Sept. 3, 1904. He wasmarried July 19, 1883, to Sophia Robertson, and this union was blessed with two children, Lloyd R. and Mabel G. Lloyd R. was born Sept. 21, 1884. He passed through the Arcadia schools, graduated from the Arcadia high school, attended Morgan Park Academy, a preparatory branch for boys of the University of Chicago, and completed in the University of Wis- consin. He is now engaged in the retail grocery and bakery business at Grangeville, Idaho. He married Nora Johnson. Mabel G. was born Sept. 6, 1886, passed through the Arcadia schools, graduated from the Arcadia high school, attended Downer College at Milwaukee for two years, and in 1909 was graduated from the Northwestern University at Evanston, 111. She then taught for two years at Biwabik, Minn. She is now the wife of W. C. Schaefer, a dentist at Dallas, Ore., and they have one child, a daughter, Jean.