Madison City (part 13 of 20)

Early in the year of 1S48, the legislature of the state of Wisconsin passed a resolution, that the township be organized into a separate town, by the name of "Medina;" the first town meeting to be held at Bird's Ruins. The first meeting was accordingly held on the 4th day of April, of the same year, in the house of Louis Morrill, at which time, the following officers were elected (Louis Stone, William II. Munger, and Gideon Ormsby, acting as judges): Charles Lum, William C. Rood, and II. S. Clark, supervisors of the town; Urbane Parsons, town clerk; Aaron H. Pinney, treasurer; Martin King, W. E. Persons, and D. K. Hunger, commissioners of highways; S. Y. R. Shepherd, tax collector; O. W. Thornton, M. D. Currier, Charles Rickerson, school commissioners; O. W. Thornton, W. E. Persons, and D. S. Cross, justices of the peace; S. Y. R. Shepherd, and Nathaniel Larrabee, constables; Sardine Muzzy, Yolney Moore, Aaron Pinney, assessors; Jacob Miller, Moses Page, W. II. Hunger, fence viewers; A. M. Ilanchett, Nathan Brown, C. T. Weeks, John Luke, and David

Ormsby, overseers of roads in their respective districts. At said meeting, the pay of town officers was fixed at one dollar per day, for actual service rendered. There is no record of the number of votes cast at this election; but at the next one, there were eighty-three.

In 1849, there was a good, substantial school house erected at Bird's Ruins. It was built of red brick, and comfortably seated for the accommodation of about seventy scholars, and paid for by a tax on the district, which at that time comprised about one-half of the township. About this time the village received the name of Hanchettville.

In 1847, a lodge of Sons of Temperance was organized by Geo. B. Smith and Judge Knapp, from Madison. It remained in existence for about one-and-ahalf years, with variable success, and then passed away. In 1849, an Odd Fellows' lodge was organized in the brick school house at Hanchettville, but for some reason was sustained but a short time. It might, perhaps, be interesting to the reader to mention some of the inconveniences which were experienced by the early settlers in this locality. There were no roads in the town, with the exception of a wagon track cleared through the timber. And when we say " cleared," we do not use the term with its modern significance, for the road still bristled with stumps, and the wagons, as they rolled slowly along, tumbled over huge rocks, which had never been moved from their resting places. There were no bridges over the streams, and the routes were often lengthened in reaching a practicable fording place, while over some of the low and otherwise impassible places, they had constructed the time honored " corduroy," so well known and much used in all new timber districts. Over such roads, by means of ox teams, the settlers were obliged to draw their products to Milwaukee to market, some seventy miles distant, while their groceries and other necessary articles of merchandise had to be transported back by the same tedious method. For many years there was no blacksmith shop nearer than Lake Mills, ten miles east of Bird's Ruins, and the settlers used to put their log chains into a bag, and slinging it upon their back, carry them over the rough and muddy roads to that place to get them mended. H. S. Clark has been known to take the " shear " of his breaking plow upon his shoulders (and none but those who have seen one of the primitive breaking plows used in those times can appreciate this feat), and carry it to Madison, nearly twenty miles distant, get it sharpened, and return with it the same day. The first anvil and pair of bellows were brought into the town by Louis Stone, and the first blacksmith shop was opened by his nephew, Jesse Stone and J. Thompson, under a large burr oak in Bird's Ruins, where they held forth for some time in the open air.

The nearest grist mill was at Lake Mills, and in the muddy season, when the road was impassible for teams, the settlers, in cases of necessity, would take some corn in a bag, carry it on foot to the mill, get it ground, and bring back the meal. There are persons still living in the village of Marshall, who can well remember when the unvarying bill of fare was Johnny cake for breakfast, Johnny cake for dinner, and Johnny cake for supper, with its usual concomitant, " Wisconsin gravy." This was manufactured by taking a little flour or meal and stirring it in water, making a thin paste, which they spread on the corn bread. As civilization advanced, however, and times became more prosperous, some enterprising Yankee introduced sweetening into the locality in the form of cheap molasses, and then the better classes indulged in sweet corn bread once a week (Sundays). This was considered a luxury indeed, and was eaten with great relish, without sauce or gravy, butter being a "minus quantity" in those days.

As soon as the settlers could get a piece of land broken up, and procure seed with which to sow it, they raised excellent crops of winter wheat, ranging from thirty-five to forty bushels per acre; but on account of- their restricted market advantages for a great many years, they realized only an insignificant price for their produce, barely sufficient to pay their taxes and purchase a few necessary articles of wearing apparel, together with their indispensable farming implements.

In 1852, Charles Wakeman purchased a wagon for $90, and sold No. 1 winter wheat at thirty cents per bushel to pay for it. In 1852, A. M. Hanchett erected the first grist mill at Bird's Ruins. He also built a new mill dam, about twenty rods below the old one, and moved the saw mill down along side of the grist mill. The saw mill, after having accomplished its mission of converting thousands of feet of the primitive oaks into lumber, to the incalculable benefit of the early settlers, at last rotted and fell to the ground, the necessity for its labors being superseded by the increasing facilities of transportation, which enabled the people to procure pine lumber from the northern part of the state. The grist mill still stands upon its original site, and having been repeatedly remodeled and improved, is now known as the far famed flouring mill of Porter & Marshall.

In 1852 and '53, a plankroad was projected and built from Watertown to Hanchettville. The opening up of this great thoroughfare, connecting, as it were, this seemingly isolated district with the great business world, resulted in untold benefit and advantage to the settlers; and for many years the little villages which sprung up, as if by magic, along its line, were the scenes of bustling activity and lively enterprise. In 1853, the typhoid fever raged with great fatality throughout the town. Dr. H. H. Beebe, who had previously resided at Peckham's Corners, moved into Hanchettville, and although a young man, distinguished himself in treating this class of diseases, and gaining a reputation which time has fully sustained. He still continues to practice in the place, having by years of assiduous toil won the confidence and esteem

In 1856, the proposition of building a railroad from "Watertown to Madison was agitated; about one-half of the inhabitants were in favor of saddling the town with a debt of $25,000 for the purpose of assisting the project, while the remainder were opposed. A special town meeting was called, and the railroad advocates were defeated by two votes. In 1859, however, the Madison, Watertown and St. Paul Company succeeded in acquiring the requisite amount of "Pledges," and constructed what is known as the " Madison Branch Boad," locating a depot at Hanchettville and another at Deanville. Property holders anticipated great results from the effect of this road, in enhancing the value of property and building up the village of Hanchettville, and the unpretending name of Hanchettville gave way to the name of Howard City, in honor of one of the railroad contractors. But these anticipations were not realized, but on the contrary, actual adversity superseded the expected prosperity, and Mr. Hanchett was obliged to dispose of his vast property to Messrs. Porter and Marshall, who again changed the name of the village, this time christening it " Marshall," which title it retains at the present day.

While passing along down through the course of years, we would not forget to mention some of those who immortalized their names in the great war of the rebellion. Of the seventy or eighty from Medina who responded to our country's call for volunteers, at least twenty-one never returned. The first company organized in the town was by Capt. Bradford Hancock. Among the killed from the town we mention: Aaron Twining, Silas Hatfield, Peter Lusk, Daniel Norton, Edwin Hancock, Hiram Miller, William Berge, A. Wilsey, Carl Kappin, Charles Matthews, Isaac Warren, John Cruger, Charles Wendt, Hiram Smith, Lucius Gregg, DelbertLee, Wm. King, Charles Lintner, John Agnew, Charles Calkins, Butler, Merrey, Kinney and Hays. The town also sustained one draft, by which fourteen were impressed. Among the early pioneers of Medina, whose lives are intimately connected with the history of the town, but few now remain. A few have moved away, seeking to better their temporal condition by a change of locality; some of whom are lost to the knowledge, but not to the remembrance, of those who remain; others we have succeeded in tracing to their present places of abode, in different parts of our own and other states. But the marble monuments in the beautiful little cemetery just outside the village of Marshall marks the resting place of the larger portion of them. There are but two of the old settlers left in Marshall - Urbane Parsons, aged 76, and his wife, aged 82. Among those who still reside in the town are, wife of Asa Cross, aged 90; Charles Wakeman, 75; Stephen Mory, 82 ; Mrs. Agnew, 83; Mrs. Knapton, 76; Charles Lum, 70; Dean Chase, 80; Anson Warner, 75; Geo. Bashford, 84, and his wife, 75.

Among those whose ages are unknown to the writer are, Sardine Muzzy, Geo. Lewellen, Willard Oole, C. T. Weeks, Joseph Wilt, Willard Weeks, Asa Dewey,

E. Persons, Thomas Fallows, and Ole and Halver Osbbrnson. Of those who are dead, we would mention, Moses Page, aged 87; Asa Cross, 90; Samuel Smith, 84; Keuben Smith, 80; Louis Morrill, 73.

Coming down to the present time, we would call attention to those, to whose enterprise and zeal the village of Marshall is indebted for its present prosperous condition. Among the live men of the place we must mention William H. Porter, the proprietor of the flouring mill, which he is having repaired and remodeled at an expense of from five to six thousand dollars; he is resolved to make it one of the first mills in the country. To this end he is furnishing it with steam power, in addition to the excellent natural water power upon which he has hitherto depended, and is now prepared to do all kinds of custom work and manufacture all the modern brands of flour. Samuel Blascoer, an old and respected merchant, supplies the surrounding community with goods, from the largest and best assorted stock of merchandise to be found between Watertown and Madison ; his annual sales amounting- to from thirty to forty thousand dollars. K. W. Jargo, druggist, keeps constantly on hand a large assortment of drugs and medicines, toilet and fancy articles, glass, paints, oils, and a general stock of groceries. John Lindsay, dealer in boots, shoes and harness, a large portion of which are home manufactures. Herman Glagow, dealer in heavy and shelf hardware and stoves, and manufacturer of all kinds of tinware. Cramer & Co., dry goods and groceries; location near the depot. Peter Yan Loan, wagon and carriage shop. J. O. Nordell, harness shop. John Sanders, boots and shoes. William Pickard, grain buyer. C. E. Bell, furniture and repair shop. E. J. McPherson, blacksmith shop. Geo. E. Allen, livery stable. Mr. Allen is also one of the best veterinary surgeons in the state, and has a large barn arranged into an infirmary, where he is prepared to treat the worst of cases.

As before mentioned, Marshall contains one of the finest academies in the state. It was erected in 1866, at a cost of $14,000. It was built by a joint stock company, but the credit of the successful and speedy consummation of the project is due, in a great measure, to the enterprise and energy of E. B. Bigelow. The Methodist church erected in 1869, at a cost of three thousand dollars, is a fine wooden building, and was dedicated in February, 1869, by Rev. Samuel Fallows. The Baptist church, a fine brick edifice, was built the same year, and was dedicated February 17, 1869, by Rev. O. G. Hoge; its cost being a trifle over three thousand dollars. We would not forget the

German Methodist church, about one and a half miles south of Marshall, a neat little building, erected in 1S76, at a cost of fifteen hundred dollars.

Marshall Academy was opened January 7, 1867, with J. J. Mclntire, principal, and Mary A. Cuckoo, preceptress, under the supervision of the following board of directors: Joseph Hart, president; W. 11. Porter, treasurer; E. B. Bigelow, secretary; Louis Morrill, Samuel Blascoer, Thomas Hart, Torga Oleson, Jacob Miller and Samuel Fields. In 1869, the building was purchased by the Augustine Synod of Lutherans, and formally dedicated to their use in November of the same year, with J. J. Anderson as principal of the Academic department, and Prof. Weinass, of the Theological Seminary. It is now under the supervision of Prof. Henry Dorman, with F. W. Huntington, Teacher of Languages.

Board of Supervisors - William II. Porter, Chairman, P. W. Agnew and E. Zimbrich. Town Clerk - Henry Dorman. Treasurer - David Hames. Assessor - I. C. Knapton.

William H. Porter, Postmaster, has had the management of the office for many years. George H. Norton, resident attorney-at-law. H. H. Beebe, practicing physician.

Blue Mounds By John C. Ward And Ira Isham

The town of Blue Mounds is situated in the southwestern part of Dane county; is bounded on the north by Vermont, east by Springdale, south by Perry, and west by Ridgeway, in Iowa connty. Twothirds of the town is rolling prairie, and the balance good timber, with now and then a fine grove on the prairie. The soil is rich, a good farming country, and well watered.

This town was settled first by Ebenezer Brigham in 1826, on section 6. In 1828 he struck what has since been called the Brigham lead, on section 7, and hundreds of thousands of pounds of lead ore have been taken out of it. There are a great many other diggings in the town, but this one is the largest; and though some of them are worked until this day, the last mentioned has yielded about 10,000 tons.

A fort was erected here in 1832, on section 7, called the Blue Mounds fort, for the protection of the miners and inhabitants of the surrounding country. In 1831 or 1832, Mr. Brigham had occasion to send two men to his residence on section 6, to repair some fences, when a number of Indians, who lay in ambush, rose up and fired on them, killing one and then capturing both of their horses; the other man made his escape to the fort, about a mile distant. It was also about this time that Lieut. Force and Capt. Green of the fort (the latter 's family residing in the fort), rode out about two miles in a northeast direction on to the Madison and Mineral Point road, on section 9, and were attacked by Indians that lay in ambush among some hazel brush. Firing on them, they killed Lieutenant Force dead and wounded Captain Green in the arm, breaking it; he undertook to make his escape to the fort on horseback, but the Indians being also mounted, and being in large numbers, succeeded in surrounding him in a grove on section 16, where they killed and scalped him. Their bodies lay on the ground for about three days, until Gen. Dodge, from Dodgeville, came out with the rangers or volunteers and buried them just where they were killed. Their remains were afterwards taken up and buried near the fort.

Nothing of importance occurred from this time till 1844 to 1845. The permanent settlers of the town in the spring of 1845 were, Ebenezer Brigham, Jeremiah Lycan, Edward Dale, Ira Isham, William Kowe, and John Rowe. In 1846, two or three Norwegian families settled in the town, and quite a number of Americans. John Rider and a number of others came in 1847 and 1848. The first town meeting was held at the house of Ira Isham, and the following officers elected : Stipervisors - Ebenezer Brigham, chairman; Thomas Heaney and Thomas Steele; Clerk - A. S. Needham; Assessor - John

Game, such as deer, wolves, bears, prairie chickens, partridges, quails, etc., were abundant in those days. In the spring of the year it was nothing uncommon to see from twenty to thirty deer in a drove, and thousands of prairie chickens, partridges and quails, could be shot quite easy from a wagon. The wolves were also plenty, but very shy, seldom ever seen in the day time, and did not attempt to attack any human beings.

Three-fourths of the population at the present time are Norwegians, who are an industrious people and good citizens; the others are Germans, Irish, English and Americans. From 1845 till the railroad passed through Madison going west, there was a daily mail through here, and sometimes as many as four extra stages, all four-horse. There was a post office in this town as early as 1828, called the Blue Mounds post office. There is no East Blue Mounds post office, as sometimes by mistake it is called. There is a West Blue Mounds in Iowa county, and a post office in this town called Mount Horeb, making two post offices. "We have four whole, and two joint school districts, and also good school houses. The first school district number one was established in 1816, on section 10, on the Madison and Mineral Point road. There are four churches, one Method' st Episcopal, one Ger- man Methodist, one Norwegian Lutheran, and one German Lutheran; they are all well attended. "We have no saloons in the town, and never granted licenses but once or twice, and then the whole time the saloon was kept was about three years.

At Blue Mounds F. Brackenwagon is postmoster, and keeps a store with a general stock of merchandise suitable for a country trade. At Mount Horeb O. C. Nubson is also engaged in the mercantile business and keeps a suitable stock of goods. F. J. Field and Samuel Thompson are the blacksmiths; Paul A. Sletto, shoemaker; Andrew E. Thompson, capenter; while Dr. P. A. Flaten is the physician, with a good practice.

[The following communication, sent us at our special request by J. R. Brigham, of Milwaukee, nephew of the patriarch pioneer, Ebenezer Brigham, will be read by our readers with unusual interest. We regret the brevity of it, but nevertheless feel deeply obligated to him for his hasty sketch of the times and events that surrounded historic " Smoky Mts.," and a just pride in reflecting that the history of Dane county's first pioneer belongs to the whole State, and every stone placed in the structure is tending to the repleteness of the whole fabric]

Blue Mounds was created a political town by an act passed at the last session of the territorial legislature, approved March 11, 1848, the same year that Wisconsin became a state. The act provides that " so much of range six as is embraced in towns six and seven, in Dane county, is organized in a separate town, by the name of Blue Mounds, and the first town meeting shall be held at the house of Ira Isham." Mr. Isham, who is still living on his fine farm hi the same town, a hale and hearty fanner, lived at that time in what was then and still is known as the "Brigham Place," where he kept puhlic house for the accommodation of travelers, who at that day were numerous. In earlier times, and before the day of railroads in Wisconsin, the Blue Mounds road was one of the chief thoroughfares of the territory. The natural dividing ridge, which extends from near Madison almost due west to the Mississippi river, and separates the waters running northerly to the Wisconsin from those running in the opposite direction, finding their way to the Mississippi south of the Wisconsin boundary, passed close by the house. Along the natural grade of this dividing ridge was established the military road from Fort Winnebago (now Portage) to Fort Crawford (now Prairie du Chien). This was probably the first wagon road maintained within the limits of Wisconsin At the date of the organization of the town, it was the stage route from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi river. The four-horse coaches of the United States mail, with nine passengers inside and more on top, passed each way daily. The old stage coach, now almost forgotten, was then in its glory. The driver's box was a throne, and the stage driver was a monarch. Among the best known of the good drivers of that day was Andrew Bishop, "The Elder," as he was respectfully termed by his brethren of the four-in-hand. Since that time, Mr. Bishop has acceptably filled the important offices of sheriff of Dane county and chief of police of the city of Madison, which last position he holds at the present time; but he can scarcely be a more important character, or better or more widely known in either of his later offices than he was in the days when he lustily wound the sounding horn along the echoing sides of the Blue Mounds, and, with a cheery flourish of his long silver-mounted whip, brought his load of nappy passengers up to the door of the house for dinner. There were no second-class seats in the coach of those days, but it was a coveted privilege, and memorable to him who secured it, to ride on the box with " The Elder."

The date of the political organization of the town is by no means the beginning of the history of Blue Mounds. As long ago as when the school maps designated all the country west of Lake Michigan as Northwest Territory, a point about midway between the Mississippi and the lake, was marked " Smoky Mts." North of this the Ouisconsin river (as the spelling was) was indicated, and nothing else of all that makes our present state had name or place. The two peaks so marked Smoky Mts, since called the Blue Mounds, are conspicuous features in the landscape of western Wisconsin. Rising abruptly from the long rolling prairie' at their foot to the height of 1,100 feet above the level of the river, they are distinctly visible more than fifty miles away, and seen from a distance, across the prairie on a summer day, the names Smoky and Blue Mounds well characterize their appearance.

The settlement, which has always borne the name of Blue Mounds, is worthy of special mention hi a history of Dane county, because it was, by several years, the earliest settlement in the county, being among the earliest hi Wisconsin.

Its first settler was Ebenezer Brigham, who established himself there in the year 1828, having come up from near the mouth of the Missouri river, first to what is now Galena, and from thence to the Blue Mounds, hi search of Mineral lands, that is, lands containing lead ore. The discovery of lead in the upper Mississippi, in the re^ gion of which Galena is .now the heart, created an excitement among the settlers of the Mississippi valley, farther down, and produced a rush for the new mining district quite parallel to the California excitement of 1849. The last was more widely spread, but in intensity and wild excitement among those whom it reached, in those days before railroads and telegraphs, the lead fever in 1827 and 1828 was equal to the gold fever twenty-one years later. Both brought sudden riches to a few, and untold hardships and misery to the most.

Mr. Brigham was successful hi making discovery of a valuable body of mineral (as the lead ore was and still is called by the miners) in some diggings on section seven, in the present town of Blue Mounds, which had been, before, somewhat worked by Indians and, perhaps, by wandering white men, but had been abandoned before Mr. Brigham's discovery of the lode wliich still bears his name. He built his cabin near a fine spring of cold clear water, on the side of the. Mound, overlooking the prairie for many miles. The spring still flows, but the original cabins, hi which he and Ins companions lived for several years, long since disappeared, and the larger and more comfortable farm house afterward built, which old settlers will remember pleasantly, as a welcome stopping place of the olden time, and which had been maintained in its original form, until it had become an interestiug antiquity hi our new state, having endured more than forty years, was burned to the ground in January, 1877.

was also a man well known in the early history of the territory and state, it is proper to make a brief record of his public service. On the organization of Wisconsin Territory, in 1886, which then included what is now in Iowa and Minnesota, as well as the present state of Wisconsin, Mr. Brigham was elected a member of the Territorial council, from the county of Iowa, which then embraced all south of the Wisconsin river and west of the Four Lakes. The council consisted of thirteen members, of whom seven were from districts within the present limits of Wisconsin, and six were from west of the Mississippi. Mr. Brigham attended the first session of the Legislature, held at Belmont in 1886, and the two sessions held at Burlington in 1837 and 1838. After the division of the territory by the line of the Mississippi river, he was elected a member of the council for the district composed of the counties of Dane, Dodge, Green and Jefferson, and was present at the sessions of 1838, 1839, 1839-40, 1840-1, and 1841-2, which were held at Madison.

During tins period, the question of continuing the seat of government at Madison was frequently up and hotly contested. During one session, the members of the council were so nearly equally divided that the absence of one member, voting for Madison, would have deen fatal. Mr. Brigham was, naturally, a champion of Madison. He was the only member of the council who had ever seen the spot, when the act of 1836 was passed, locating the seat of government at a point ' ' between the Third and Fourth Lakes," at the section corners where the capitol now stands. He was also one of the three members of the assembly from Dane county at the first session of the state legislature in 1848. He died in 1862, and his remains He buried in the Forest Hill Cemetery of Madison.

During the Black Hawk war, in 1832, Blue Mounds was the site of one of the neighborhood forts, for the protection of settlers against the Indians. It was called the Mound Fort, and was the home of about twenty-five people, including women and children, untd the war closed. The fort was situated on the high prairie, somewhat more than a mile from the foot of the mound, and commanded a view wholly unobstructed, in every other direction, for many miles. The fort was sometimes threatened, to the serious alarm of the inmates, but was never actually attacked by the Indians, who were frequently seen in the near neighborhood, so that it was never safe to be far outside the stockade. At different times, thev succeeded in killing three men of the little garrison, outside ol the protection of the fort. Two of them were butchered, in plain sight of the inmates of the fort, but too far away to be rescued. The two Misses Hall, who had been taken captive, were brought in to the Mound Fort by Winnebagoes and surrendered, on the payment of ransom . and the young women were returned to civilized life. Then- story attracted a good deal of attention and interest throughout the country, and the Blue Mounds Were brought into considerable notoriety, by the fact that the surrender was made there.

Blue Mounds was the point where Gen. Henry, with his command, effected a junction with Gen. Atkinson and his forces, two days after the battle of the Wisconsin Heights, where the Indians, under Black Hawk, suffered terrible defeat. At the Mounds, fresh supplies of amunition and provisions were procured, and the troops moved on at once. Crossing the Wisconsin at Helena, they continued the pursuit of the flying savages to the Mississippi, where the Indian forces were completely destroyed, in what is known as the battle of Bad Axe. Black Hawk escaped alive, but soon after surrendered himself a prisoner, and the war was ended. The importance of Blue Mounds as a point in these movements, lay in the fact that it afforded the shortest and almost the only feasible route to the Wisconsin river, by way of a remarkable ridge, sometimes called the "Hog's Back," just wide enough for a wagon, leading from the back of the mound nearly to the river, crossing the deep ravines and avoiding the marshes, and affording a natural and practicable road across a country otherwise almost impassable. By taking this route, guided by one well acquainted with the country, the army was enabled to overtake the Indians in their retreat, and to put an end to the war at a blow.

The records of the town show that the following were important citizens in 1848, at the organization of the town government, viz. : Thomas Haney, Thomas Steele, A. S. Needham, John Sample, Edward Dale, Jeremiah Lycan, Granville Neal, William Rowe, David Smith, William Skinner, N. Dryden and James Tennison, of whom very few still survive.

At the present time the town is off the usual routes of travel, and but little known by the public. Its natural features remain, and few, if any, more charming prospects are afforded any where, than that gained from the summit of the high mound in a clear day.

West Blue Mounds De. E. W. Jones

The village of West Blue Mounds is situated at the base of the " "West Blue Mound," the highest and most noted of all the Blue Mounds. On the east, south and west, we find rich, beautiful prairies - not an unbroken and level plain, but undulating, and in some places quite broken. The West Blue Mound is 1,187 feet above Lake Michigan, and 490 feet above the village. We are told by reliable parties and good authority that this mound is the highest point of land in this or neighboring states. From the summit of the mound one can see the capital city with the naked eye, and with a good glass, farms and buildings can be studied in every particular a distance of more than forty miles. Here we find a signal station and an observatory, constructed, we believe, by Profs. Davies and Irving, and a corps from the State University, while studying the topography of the country. Near the summit we find several fine sulphur springs, pouring forth large streams of their peculiar mineral water. This mountain is the property of Mr. C. B. Arnold. Persons desiring absolute quiet, pure air and water, cannot find a more suitable spot wherein to pitch their tent. As a resort for fatigued brain-workers, this point is especially adapted. No one breathes this pure air without feeling a sense of exhilaration that is really astonishing.

prepared a place of safety for their families in case of trouble with the Indians. The stockade is gone, and only the walls of earth remain to mark the spot where the brave and hardy pioneers in years gone by were wont to assemble for mutual assistance and protection. In the immediate vicinity of the village are some of the most noted lead mines in the state, such as " the Brag Holler," Brigham, and old Dudley diggings. The ore from these mines, I believe, is the richest in the world, being more than 90 per cent, pure lead.

The business interests of the place have never flagged. The Hon. John Adams, of Black Earth, was the first business man of note in the village, and he has done more than any other, perhaps, to establish the commercial interests of the place. The magnet (railroad iron) took him from this point many years ago, and he is so enamored of the steam whistle, that it is only once in a great while that his genial face is seen among his old friends and associates. Mr. Adams has an enviable reputation among the farmers of this section for honesty and fair dealing; in fact, is known as the farmer's friend.

Next among the men who helped greatly toward building up the place, we note Mr. Richard "Wade, now of Adamsville. Mr. "Wade was proprietor and landlord of the then " Wade House." He also carried a large stock of goods, and made quite a fortune by his strict business manners and hard work. Another thing Mr. Wade did was to rechristen the village. From a weakness the miners had for the game of he named the place " Pokerville," and by that name the village is best known hereabouts. Mr. Ira Isham is said to be the originator of the name.

H. Isaacson, Esq., now of Black Earth, was formerly of this burg, and "Ike " has handled many a crisp bill and bright gold piece while a merchant of this town.

At present the business interests of the place are in a very flourishing condition. Mr. William H. Jones, the leading merchant, is a strict and judicious business man. He is doing a very large business, selling anything a man wants, from a cambric needle to a prairie farm. Mr. Jones' business amounts to upwards of twenty-five thousand dollars a year, and by his square dealing, genial manners, and an eye to trade, it is constantly on the increase. Certainly no man has the confidence of his customers more implicitly than Mr. Jones, and from an intimate acquaintance with his private life as well as his business principles, no man is more deserving of such a trust. Aside from his large store, Mr. Jones is proprietor of the up-town hotel. The house has a reputation among traveling men that speaks more forcibly than any pen picture can advertise it. Let the readers of your book stop once at this house, and they will be satisfied that this is one of the best country hotels on the continent.

Next we meet our old friend C. B. Arnold, who has been here a quarter of a century. Mr. Arnold is a strict business man, and owns many hundreds acres of land, including the famed West Blue Mound. Aside from this fine property, lie is conducting a large and excellent hotel, also a well ordered store. Mr. A. has kept a hotel here for more than twenty years, and certainly understands his business. Through all this period the traveling public have eaten the good things from his table, and all agree that the house is hard to beat. I understand the firm name is soon to be changed to C. B. Arnold & Son, Mr. A. taking his son Ralph into full partnership.

Messrs. Smith & Racely are the leading wagon makers and smiths of the place. They are young men of skill, muscle and energy, and are bound to win. They have a fine, commodious building, well stocked with wood and iron, ready at all times to do work in their line neatly and satisfactorily. :

Mr. John Helmenstein is the " boss " boot and shoe maker. John is an old settler, and has, aside from an exceptionally large trade in the shop and shoe store, one of the very best farms in Wisconsin, which is manned from his own household, having six hardy sons, who, by the way, are most excellent farmers. John is one of the oldest settlers at present in town.

Mr. James B. Quinn is doing a large business in the harness trade. Being a first-class workman himself, and having only good journeymen in his shop, the public cannot help but be satisfied with his work. Mr. Quinn is also doing a good business in the liquor trade. AVe recommend Mr. Q as a first-class man.

a first-class mechanic, and the best shot in Iowa county. We might descant on his many virtues, but all to no end, for every one within a hundred miles knows " Old Tony the Scout." Mr. Miller is an old plains man, Indian fighter, scout, and the best natured, biggest hearted, and most contented man living; that is " our opinion."

Dr. R. "W. Jones, a Kentnckian bred and born, is the only physician in the village. There are no lawyers nearer than Black Earth, Mazomanie or Dodgeville. The general health of this place and the surrounding country is remarkably good, and free from the results of malaria in less favored localities.

Black Earth, Mineral Point, Mazomanie and Madison, are the railroad points to and from which all our wares come and go. So much for Pokerville.

Among others doing a good trade in general merchandise, is Mattheus Gratz, who is favorably known through a large portion of this and adjoining towns. Carl Morhrhenney and Son are also known as good mechanics in the blacksmith business; while Ole Olsen has a steady increasing custom in harness making and repairing.

Windsor By Sherman Brothers

The town of Windsor is on the north tier of towns in the county of Dane, lying IN". N. E. from the city of Madison about twelve miles. Bounded north by the town of Leeds, Columbia county; east by the town of Bristol; south by the town of Burke; and west by the town of Vienna.

About three-fourths of the town is high, smooth, rolling prairie; about one-fourth openings and grove timber^ with a small portion of marsh lands.

Two creeks take their rise in Windsor, known as Token and Catfish creeks; the most important of which is Token creek, its prominent source being three springs, from which a sufficient amount of water gushes out of the earth at the foot of a small hill to run a mill.

At the time of the Black Hawk war, the munitions of war and soldiers on their way from Madison to Fort Winnebago passed through the town of Windsor, and the amount of travel made such a trail that some traces of it may still be seen.

on horse back, and took this trail. There were only two houses between the fort and Madison, those of William Lawrence, near Token Creek, and Wallis Rowan, near Poynette, on the military road. Mr. Ream put up at Rowan's, and after being bountifully supplied with hoe cake and bacon by Mrs. Rowan, retired to rest. He was woke up early in the morning by several cocks crowing in close proximity to his bed, and discovered that the rail of his bed was the roost of Mr. Rowan's chickens. When he returned from the fort, he put up at the same place, and slept in the same bed, and says when he awoke, he thought he had a flock of sheep for his bedfellows, but they afterwards proved to be a number of Indians with new blankets, who had noiselessly taken possession of the floor during his slumbers, and the new white blankets were the results of a visit to some trading post.

The first actual settler was Wm. Lawrence. He came from the state of Vermont, and settled in the town in the year 1841, on section 5, on what is well known as Eagle Point, or the Ilelden farm, now owned by Hon. J. C. Hopkins, of the city of Madison. Mr. Lawrence was one of the patriots from this town who enlisted in the Union Army during the late rebellion. He was taken sick while in the service, came home and died at his residence in Windsor.

Soon after the settlement of Mr. Lawrence, James Morrison, a Scotchman, settled on Section 6, near what is now known as Morrison Station. Mr. Mor rison was a man of ability as a farmer; succeeded to accumulate a good property; settled two of his sons on fine large farms near his residence, and at his death, about one rear ago, left his other son in possession of the old homestead.

About cotemporary with Mr. Morrison's settlement was that of Thos. Campbell, another Scotchman, who settled on section 17, near what is now the village of De Forest. Mr. C. has also been successful in tilling the soil. Surrounded by many of the good things of this life, he is still living to enjoy them.

Mr. Pellett soon after built a log house on sec. 30, on the farm once known as the Turner farm, but now as the Spencer farm. The same year Mr. Leland settled on Sec. 30,on what is now owned by S. H. Sabin. Their log houses still stand, but they have had some repairs. Messrs. P. and L. were both from the state of Yermont.

Charles Lawrence came from the state of Vermont in 1838; married a Miss Moore in the city of Madison; built a house and commenced to improve a farm in the year 1842, at Token Creek, in the town of Windsor. Mr. Lawrence has three children - Henry, James and Ellis. Henry was the first male child born in Windsor. He married Miss Bertha Miller in Windsor, and they are now living in the city of Madison. Henry Lawrence is a mechanic of superior skill as a painter.

In the same year of Mr. Lawrence's settlement (184:2), Randall Abner, a well educated Indian improved a piece of land on sec. 28, known for many years as the " Old Abner 40;" now owned by Jefferson A. Pinney. Mr. Abner was a sweet singer, took an active part in politics, and was' a good man in many respects. He emigrated to California some twenty years ago, joined the United States Regular Army as a scout, and was killed, in the discharge of such duty, by an Indian.

In the year 1843, Mr. Nathan Spalding left his native state (Vermont), and, after a long journej7, a part of the way traveling with an ox team, he halted in the town of Windsor, himself, wife and three children much worn out by fatigue. He built a house on section 34, and improved a fine piece of land. Mr. S. was a good man. He held several offices in town during life. He was commissioned by President Polk as postmaster, which office he held for twentyfive years. He died in December, 1874.

About cotemporary with the settlement of Mr. Spalding was that of Mr. Toffelmire. He built a house on the town line at Token Creek; made a dam across the creek, and just below it put up a saw mill in the town of Burke.

In 1844-5, N. N. Pike and James West, Sr., squatted on section 5; Thomas Kewin, Thomas Cummings and John Kershaw, on section 6; James West, Jr., and Major Kinnison on section 8; Samuel Stephenson was the first settler on section 17. Kershaw and Stephenson left to seek their fortunes in California during the gold excitement of 1849. Kershaw returned, and is now a prosperous farmer in the adjoin- ing town of Vienna. All of these early settlers Lave removed, most of them in 1847, when a number of Norwegian families located in the northwest part of the town and purchased the former claims. Among these were Ingebrecht Larson, Peter Linde, Stephen Holum and Sinr and Johannes Grinde. This year, J. W. Helden, of the firm of Helden & Weston, j)roprietors of the "Fay" saw mill, in Wood county, Wisconsin, sold his interest in the mill, and other extensive lumbering interests, bought the place first owned by Wm. Lawrence, added large tracts of land to the original purchase, and introduced valuable stock, having for many years conducted a stock farm. The place was then known as "Eagle Point." He kept hotel. The building, a log structure, one of the earliest landmarks, is still standing, suggesting happy recollections to travelers and early settlers.

From 1845 to 1846, there was a rush of immigration into the town from various parts of the world, viz.: Daniel W. Stone, from Maine; Elias Combs, Wm. Whitney, Samuel Burrington, Sylvester Raymond, James Dorman, Wm. Bartholomew, Morris Goodrich, and many more, from the state of Ohio; Christian O. Hatleberg, from Norway, the first Scandinavian settler; and Ferdinand Rekon, the first German settler, O. M. Cross, Josiah E. Carpenter, Rev. Elisha R. Swain (a Baptist clergyman), Willard Blanchar, James Farwell, Orrin Chamberlain, Leonard and Justin Fish, Isaac Porter, Warren Baird, Nathan Rowley, S. H. Sabin, Justin C. Pinney, James

Samuel Stevenson was the first Englishman. He settled this same year on section 1 7, and commenced to improve the farm known as the " Durkee Farm," and subsequently as the " De Forest Farm," which atone time was the largest farm in Windsor.

In the fall of 1846, the town was organized with the towns of Burke, Westport and Vienna, and as many of the early settlers were from Vermont, it was their intention to name the town "Allen," in honor of Ethan Allen, the eccentric representative of the Green Mountain State, but on presentation of the name to the legislature it was found that there was already a town by the name of " Allen " in the state, and consequently another name must be adopted for the proposed new town. When the citizens had learned this fact, the question of a name for the town was upon every body's tongue. While this was being discussed at a social gathering of a few neighbors, it occurred to Mrs. J, E. Carpenter and Mrs. Wm. Whitney, who were present, that the town should be called "Windsor," in commemoration of Windsor, Vt., the native town of Mrs. Whitney. Windsor, said these good matrons, is a pretty name, and old Windsor, in the Green Mountain State is worthy of a namesake in the Badger State and why not call the new town Windsor? " Windsor.*' "Windsor." resounded from all parts of the room, and " Windsor" was soon echoed from the surrounding neighborhood. Without further formality the name " Windsor " was sent up to the legislature and became the established name of the new town. Thus it was that these two worthy ladies gave the town a name. Mrs. Carpenter still lives within its limits, enjoying a competency of the good things of this life, the result of honest industry, but Mrs. Whitney, some years ago, emigrated to the state of Iowa.

The first election was held in the spring following, at the house of Horace Lawrence, then known as the Prairie House, in the township of Burke, and elected Charles M. Nichols chairnun of the board of supervisors, who lived on section 36, in the township of Burke; Eleazer Grover and Mr. Pettit were his associates; Ira Mead, town clerk; Selden Combs, treasurer; and Elias Combs, justice of the peace.

The first wedding party in Windsor was at the log house of Wm. Whitney, about one mile north of Token Creek. Josiah E. Carpenter, Esq., and Miss Caroline M. Reynolds were joined in wedlock by Rev. E. R. Swain. A large company were there on the occasion. Joy, glee, mirth and happiness were unbounded. Venison, roast pig, and other good things were placed on the table, and eaten with a relish not often seen in these latter days. The Elder remarked to the young married couple that "they must not be surprised if they did not always have so good a meal;" but we are happy to say that whenever we have dined at Mr. C.'s house, which frequently we have done, we invariably have found a well spread table.

The first female child born in Windsor was at the same log house, the daughter of the before mentioned Rev. E. R. Swain. The child was named Delia. Although a delicate child, she grew up to be a strong girl; received a fine education at the seminary at Beaver Dam, Wis., married a Mr. Ringland, and they are now living in Boone, Boone county, state of Iowa. The old log house is still standing.

Our space will not allow us to record but little of the characteristics of these early settlers, and perhaps we shall weary the readers of this volume with our lengthy history. We must beg indulgence simply to say this much, that all of them had the true spirit of pioneers. They enjoyed frontier life. It was " Hale fellows well met," in those days. Neighbor received neighbor at his cabin with cordiality, and travelers were made welcome to their hospitality. The small log cabin with already two or three families in it, would be found large enough for another family when some others came to make a home among them. There was no ambition then to see who could wear the finest clothes, drive the fastest horse, ride in the finest carriage, or live in the highest style; but they were ambitious to see who could break the largest number of acres of the prairie and opening lands. There was a competition to see who could grow the most wheat and other products of the soil. They were a moral people. Quarrels, broils and disturbances seldom occurred, and law suits wTere exceedingly rare. They were not unmindful in matters of religion. With the Rev. E. R. Swain for their minister, preacher and pastor, they were well instructed out of the word of God. They listened, heard and obeyed. Few men who preach the gospel of Christ will ever compare favorably with E. R. Swain. It is written, "Woe imto you when all men speak well of you." It has often been said, the Elder is free from the woe, one speaks evil and one alone; his words can do the Elder no harm. Elder Swain sold his farm in town, and removed to Iowa about ten years ago, where he still lives with one of his sons.

After the organization of the town, immigration rapidly increased. English, Germans, Norwegians, and people from different states settled on the fine prairie lands of the town, built better houses than the first settlers had done, and large portions of the rich, black sod were annually cut and turned over by the plow. The prairie was soon dotted all over with comfortable homes, and nearly every acre was brought nnder cultivation.

rington and his sons Jonathan, Rial, Daniel, Calvin and Charles; Franklin and Martin Ililliard, Austin Freeman, Allison and Tertius Turner, James Clements and E. P. Sherman, from different states.

About the year 1853, Hon. Charles Durkee left his comfortable home in Kenosha, Wis., and purchased Mr. Stevenson's property, already well improved, and soon after 600 acres of section 16 (a school, section); put the whole of section 16 under the plow in one year, purchased a large flock of sheep and other stock, and commenced farming on a big scale. Seven hundred sheep were shorn in one year; 4,000 bushels of buckwheat grown in another year, and as high as 8,000 bushels of spring wheat sent to market, one of the products of this farm for a single year. Mr. Durkee soon made sale of his farm at $25 per acre, to Mr. Isaac N. DeForest; went to Utah, was made governor of the territory, and died on his way to visit his old home in Kenosha, about two years ago.

The Madison and Portage Kailroad, connecting the city of Madison with Portage City, is the only line of railroad passing through the town of Windsor. Previous to the location of this road, two other lines of railroad had been surveyed, passing from corner to corner through the town, and crossing each other on section 26, E. P. Sherman's land; but neither of these two lines were ever built.

The Madison & Portage Kailroad is about 40 miles in length, and would prove an important link in any railroad line leading from north to south through the central part of the state. In its incipient stages, this road had a hard struggle for existence, lying almost dormant for several years after being surve}red, and the people of Windsor began to despair of ever having a railroad pass through their town. But about the year 18G9, a new impetus was given to the enterprise through the indomitable courage and perseverance of James Campbell, president of the company, assisted by Robert Sanderson as secretary, and an efficient board of directors. Through their influence the towns along the line of the road, and at its termini, were induced to purchase stock of the company, either paying cash or giving bonds for- the same; and, with the aid thus afforded, the road was completed in the year 1870. In the matter of furnishing aid for this enterprise, the town of Windsor generously furnished six thousand dollars in cash, and now holds the company's stock certificates for that amount.

In the matter of schools and school houses, Windsor compares favorably with other towns in Dane county. The rude log school houses of the early settlers have given place to neat and convenient edifices; and many of the modern improvements in school house furniture have been adopted. A striking contrast between the school houses of the early settlers and those of the present day is seen in District No. 1 near Token Creek village, where the first log school house in town was built. A large and well proportioned white edifice, now crowns the summit of a gentle eminence, within half a mile of the site of the old log house. Other districts in town show equally striking contrasts. But the log school houses had their day of usefulness, and will be held in grateful remembrance by many intelligent men and women of the present day, who received the first rudiments of education at these primitive edifices.

Three villages, Windsor, De Forest and Morrison, are located on the line of the Madison and Portage Railroad, within the limits of the town of Windsor. Each village is favored with a railroad station; each has an express office, and each is a market for grain and other farm products. And although these villages are only about two miles apart, and are within ten miles of other competing markets, still quite an amount of business is done at each; about 100,000 bushels of wheat, 15,000 bushels of barley, and 15,000 bushels of oats on the average, are annually shipped from these three stations, besides considerable quantities of corn, potatoes, wool, hides, poultry, butter, eggs, live stock, etc. From the village of Windsor alone, ten to fifteen thousand dollars worth of live hogs are annually shipped. Each of the three stations has its lumber yard, and large quantities of lumber are annually sold at each.

Among the enterprising business men of Windsor village, are Sherman Bros., proprietors of the Windsor cheese factory, and dealers in grain, lumber, flour, feed, salt, live stock, etc., being the successors of E. P. Sherman; Greenman Bros, are the leading merchants, and have a large trade in their line of business. H.

B. Lake is the only druggist; R. F. Sherman runs a tin and hardware shop. He is particularly noted for his skill as a cheese-maker, and has charge of the Windsor cheese factory. C B. Wilsey runs a successful blacksmith shop, and C. E. Carlton does a good business as carriage maker.

De Fokest. - At De Forest is a substantial and capacious grain elevator, owned and operated by H. S. Grinde, Esq. Over 70,000 bushels of wheat, besides other grain, have been shipped through this elevator in one year. Dennis Crawley owns a warehouse, and buys grain, etc., and keeps a stock of lumber. Moldstad, Dahl & Durkee, general merchants. K. Knud son's machine shops are located at this place. The proprietor, a skilled and practical mechanic, does an extensive business.

Windsor In The War By Herbert A. Lewis

We have been kindly furnished the following war history, together with news of the churches, by Mr. Herbert A. Lewis, whose long and intimate acquaintance with the town is a sufficient guaranty for the accuracy of its interesting details:

During the war of the rebellion, the town did its full share. According to the records, the town was required to furnish seventythree soldiers, as its part of the great armies summoned to the defense of the Union. It furnished eighty-six. No regular organization was raised in the town, as the volunteers were scattered through many different regiments. The town was largely represented in

Among those who died in the service were, William Lawrence, hi the first cavalry; John T. Vincent, of the Berdan Sharpshooters; Chester Porter, Abram Bartholomew, and Henry Goodrich, of the thirty-third regiment; Adam Smith, of this regiment, was killed at the battle of Tupelo, in Mississippi m the summer of 1864. Marshal Combs enlisted in the second Iowa regiment at the breaking out of the war, and at the bloody battle of Fort Donaldson was wounded, and came home to die. His cousin, Melvin Combs, also died in the service. Col. Clement E. Warner, at present an influential resident of the town, raised a company for the thirty-sixth regiment. Being the first captain mustered in, he became the ranking captain. The thirty-sixth arrived at the front in Virginia about the first of May, 1864, and engaged at once in the bloody battles of that year in Virginia. In less than three weeks after its arrival, its field officers had all been killed or wounded, and Capt. Warner found himself in command of the regiment. He was commissioned major, lieutenant colonel, and colonel, before the close of the war. While holding the office of lieutenant colonel, and while in command of his regiment at the battle of Deep Bottom, on the 14th of August, 1864, he lost his left arm, by a ininnie ball. As soon as he had recovered from the amputation, he returned to his regiment and remained in command until the close of the war. At the time of the surrender of Gen. Lee to Gen. Grant, the thirty-sixth was stationed just in front of the place where these distinguished officers arranged the terms, and it was to Col. Warner that Gen. Mead announced the fact that Lee had surrendered. Col. Warner has since represented the eastern district of Dane county hi the state senate. He is still a substantial farmer in the town.

Anson D. Goodrich enlisted in the thirty-tliird regiment as a private, but was appomted orderly sergeant, and was afterwards commissioned first lieutenant of his company. S. H. Sabin was first lieutenant of company D. of the fortieth regiment. This was one of the hundred days regiments, and the town had a large representation in its ranks.

regiment of three months' men, and afterwards in the eleventh regiment, in which he was an orderly sergeant, then first lieutenant, then captain, and was finally commissioned as major. After the war, Major Remick took up his residence in New Orleans, where he still resides.

E. Ct. Miller, who at one time taught the school in the Token Creek district, also enlisted in the first regiment of three months' men, and was afterwards a captain in the twentieth regiment. He has since been a member of the Iowa State Senate. Moulton De Forest was a captain in the eighteenth regiment. Newton De Forest was first lieutenant and afterwards major in the second cavalry. Both these officers were sons of I. N. De Forest, from whom the village of De Forest takes its name.

From this it will be seen that the town was not behind its neighbors in doing its share in that great struggle which achieved the grand result of proclaiming liberty hi all the land.

The religious history of the town is interesting. The first preaching was by Rev. Philip Eveleth, a Congregational minister, who preached in the old log school house at the foot of the north side of Token Creek hill.

The first church organized was the Baptist church, of which Rev. E. R. Swain, heretofore referred to, was the pastor. This church was organized in 18*46, and was for a long time the leading church in the town. Elder Swain was indefatigable in his labors to build it up. In 1S49, it was blessed with a revival which added largely to its numbers. Circumstances being such, its pastor thought it best to seek another home, the church having declined in numbers until it has but a few left in its organization.

The Methodists, with their unconquerable will and their unquenchable zeal, have also made the town one of their preaching places, and at one time had an organization there. The different preachers of that denomination, who will be well remembered, were Father Fox, Rev. Geo. Delamatyr, Rev. Mr. Bunce, Rev. Mr. Bolton, Rev. Mr. Cobbin, and others. Father Fox was an old gentleman with many eccentricities, and many an anecdote of his keen witted retorts are remembered.

The Congregational church was organized in April, 1851, at the Farwell school house, by Rev. C. W. Matthews, who for a long time preached to them on alternate sabbaths, supplying also the church of the same denomination at Sun Prairie. At its organization it had but six members. Kev. Philip Eveleth, who had preached the first sermon in the town, became a member of this church at that time. Its members were so few that in its infancy it was seriously contemplated that it be disbanded; but, in 1853, it was encouraged by the addition of a few new members, among whom were Deacon Warner and his wife, who have since been closely identified with it, and took courage and struggled on. In August, 1853, it became connected with the Madison District Convention, and Newton Lewis was its first delegate. In 1855, this church was farther strengthened by the arrival of Hon. W. H. Chandler, who has since been one of the prominent men of the state. Mr. Chandler and his wife were for years among the most reliable working members of the church.

In the spring of 1858, a large revival took place in the town, in which all the churches united. Rev. Almon Whitman, pastor of the Baptist Church at Sun Prairie, was the preacher on this occasion. The spirit of unity at this time was so great that an attempt was made to abandon all the church organizations, and to form a union church. This was only partially successful, as some, from conscientious reasons, were unwilling to abandon the churches they had loved so long. A union church was formed, however, in which every member of the Congregational Church joined, and many of the other denominations. This continued till 1864, when, by consent of all its members, it was again united to the Madison District Convention of Congregational Churches. In 1858, it enjoyed the ministration of Rev. J. P. Smith, then just starting in his profession, who is now a missionary in Turkey in Asia. Rev. George Delamatyr, a Methodist, and Rev. 0. 0. Stearns, a Baptist, for some years preached to the church. The first steps to erect a church were taken in the fall of 1860, and Deacon Warner spent the election day of 1860 in asking subscriptions for the new enterprise of the citizens as they came together to exercise their rights as voters. The church was erected during the year 1861, and was dedicated in March, 1862, Rev. Mr. Donaldson, then acting pastor, preaching the sermon. The cost of the edifice wa? $1,500, and as church debts were not fashionable then, it was all paid for. Mr. Donaldson lived at Beaver Dam, and drove that long distance in order to meet his appointments. Rev. Mr. Sedgwick preached to the church for a tune, in 1864. Rev. C. M. Morehouse preached in 1865 and 1866.

under the preaching of Rev. P. C. Pettibone, of Beloit. In 1866 Rev. Richard Hassell became the pastor of the church, and continued so for about three years. Mr. Hassell is now a resident of Grinnell, Iowa. He was succeeded by Rev. S. 13. Demarest, who remained about four years.

After a short time in which Rev. Mr. Williamson preached, the church called the present pastor, Rev. W. A. Lyman. Soon after his coming there was a revival, succeeded by large accessions to the church. There has recently been erected, at a spot about half-way between the church and the village of Windsor, a neat parsonage for the use of the pastor.

In the German settlement, in the northern part of the town a church was erected and dedicated in the year 1876, by the German Methodists. These good people have always been forward in good works hi the town. Mr. Frederick Pivian, a prominent member of this society, often officiates as pastor.

There is also in this part of the town a large society of Primitive Lutherans, that have been organized as a church for about eight years, Rev. 0. Hill, recently from Illinois, is the present pastor.

At DeForest there is a large society of Norwegian Lutherans, who worship at Norway Grove church, in the town of Vienna. There is a Norwegian school connected with the church, in charge of T. Thomson.

Windsor - E. P. Sherman, notary public and agent for railroad and express companies; T. O'Deir and J. W. Vincent, carpenters; Elisha Lake, boDt and shoemaker. Robt. Burrington, has recently purchased the store occupied by H. B. Lake, and is adding considerable to its size and convenience. Mr. Lake is also engaged in building a new store. J. W. Vincent has charge of the Windsor Hotel, where gaests will meet with courteous treatment and good fare at reasonable rates.

DeForest - A. L. Dahl, artist; A. Nelson, sewing machine agent and bookseller; K. Nelson and Bros., carpenters; C. Jahland and Bros., painters.

Berry

The town of Berry is situated in the western part of Dane county, and lies south of the town of Roxbury, west of the town of Springfield, north of the town of Cross Plains, and east of the town of Black Earth. The general character of the town is hilly, although there are several rich valleys, the largest being Halfway Prairie, which is sometimes called the English settlement, and that portion of Black Earth valley, which crosses the southwest corner of the town. The bluffs are timbered with several kinds of oak, cherry and poplar, the last being a recent growth, and admirably adapted for fencing. The poplars grow in groves, long and straight, and are cut when about six inches in thickness, sawed into fencing, and considered by many as superior to pine fencing. They seem to be especially provided by Providence for such purposes, as the large oaks, formerly used in fencing, are all gone. The town is abundantly supplied with water, there being a number of springs and creeks, with several mill sites, one of which, on the Black Earth creek, is being improved for a flouring mill. The climate is very healthy, there being no stagnant water or marshes.

The town was first settled in 1843, by James Mills, Captain Amos Heald, Albert Skinner, Joseph Rogerson and Hood, on Black Earth valley, and a

In 1845, a large number of English came out under a colonization society, which was organized in the city of Manchester, England, in 1842, called the " British Temperance Emigration Society." They located several of their claims in this town, and the following persons came out in 1845: John Whiteman, John Mead, James and William Bowman, G-eo. Draper, Francis "Wilson, John Ford, John Saville and James Crowther. This last gentleman relinquished his claim, giving it away, saying, "it was dear at a gift," and bought Albert Skinner's farm, on section 31, which had the first frame house in the town. His claim was situated on what was called "long breaking," in the town of Mazomanie, a miserable sandy prairie that would not grow white beans. This so enraged the officers of the society that they sent word to England that Mr. Crowther had left a nice farm and gone and settled in a swamp (which, by-the-way, was every foot dry and good land). In after years, when they would come up to see him, he would say, " let us go out and see my swamp."

Many amusing incidents are remembered of these early settlers; most of the English coming from manufacturing towns in the old country, were, to use a phrase, somewhat " green " respecting farms and farming, which the following incident will illustrate: Two parties (who afterwards became prominent and thrifty farmers) came to Joseph Rogerson, another English settler, who came out in 1S43 and settled on section 32, to buy his claim. After partaking of a frugal meal, which consisted of pork and corn bread, the latter made into the remembered "johnny cake," they went out to see the farm, examine the soil, etc.; after they got out to the field, one of them commenced to jump and spring on the ground, saying to Mr. Rogerson "is this land sound?" The latter, in a (feigned) terrified air said, " My G - d, friend, do not do that or you will go down about twenty feet." It is also related of another who, before he was "naturalized," commenced planting his corn, and had about an acre planted before he found out his mistake; he had planted an ear in each hill.

In 1847, the Germans first commenced to settle, the first comers being Otto Kerl and Mr. Anhalt. They rapidly settled in, till the whole town was taken up. But very few of the old English settlers are now alive to tell the tale of the trials and hardships of the early settlement of the town; most of them have gone to " that bourne from whence no traveler returns." The town now is almost entirely Germans, who, by-theway, make our very best citizens.

111 1849-50 a number of Germans settled here, ana the town has continued to fill up from time to time until it is now almost all cleared and broken up for cultivation.

The town was organized in 1850, and the first town meeting held on the 2d day of April, 1850. Twentyfour votes were cast, and sixty dollars raised for town purposes. The names of the voters were "Win. Seston, Otto Kerl, John "W. Ford, Thomas Barber, George Stevens, Henry Carden, John "Wightman, John Savelle, George Draper, Edward Barber, Francis Wilson, Thomas Hawley, John II. Roberts, "Wm. Hawley, John Gray, Thomas Haynes, Joseph Harrison, Edmund Ellis, Joseph Bowman, Samuel Hawley, William Bowman, John Mead, Henry Paddelford, Abijah Davis. And the following officers were elected : Supervisors - Joseph Bowman, chairman ; Thomas Haynes and John "Wightman. Town Clerk - Samuel Hawley. Treasurer - Thomas Barber. Justices of the Peace - Thomas Haynes and Joseph Harrison. Superintendent of School - Edward Barber. Constables - Henry Carden and Aug. Barnes. Assessor - George Draper.

In those early times there were plenty of deer, and often as many as twenty-four head at a time were seen feeding upon the fields of winter wheat sown by the early settlers. The town was a favorite resort with the Indians, because of the quantity of game frequenting this section of country, and their camp was about one-half mile from my house. In the fall of 1848, about sixty-five of them and their families remained near my land, on section 27, for about six weeks, killing deer. When they prepared to depart, they loaded each of their ponies with a fresh killed deer, which they purposed carrying to Milwaukee to sell. They made frequent visits to my house for flour and salt, and the most friendly relationship existed between them and my family, we passing in and out of their camp as often as opportunity permitted us. On one occasion, while I was making hay near their camp, three squaws came with long sticks or canes and helped turn the hay. When done, they signified by signs that they had done so because I had given them flour and salt.

The deer continued plentiful for a number of years, but the constant settling up of the town, and the killing of them, made their appearance very scarce, so that the last deer known to have been killed in the town was by myself in 1856.

A frequent and very troublesome annoyance to the settlers was the great number of wolves that made the night hideous with howling, and would even attack the stock if suitable care was not taken to keep the cattle in places of safety. In the winter it was sometimes unsafe, even in the day time, to be unarmed, as they followed teams of horses or oxen, watching every opportunity to attack them. One winter in 1847, between Christmas and New Year, Conrad Scheele, a young man living with me, started out with the ox team and sleigh to go to Clark's Corners, in Spring- field, to get a few bushels of potatoes from Joseph Knippschild, and after being gone about an hour, came back to arm himself, because the wolves were so numerous and savage he could not make any progress on the road.

On Table Bluff, the highest bluff in the town, section 29, there are a number of Indian mounds that are in the form of small hills, others Ions' or oblone;, while some of them take the shape of animals, such as bears, snakes, etc. On section 27, where my land is, there are several long ones, also having the form of animals.

There is evidence on sections 21 and 29 that the aborigines were engaged in mining or digging for some valuable minerals or flints, before the white settlers came to this town. Large excavations are seen showing where the soil has been thrown out for some purpose that we are not made aware of in our time. Perhaps to obtain the copper masses, or boulders from which they made their tools.

In those days the postal arrangements in the town were not within the requirements of our modern conveniences, and perhaps could not be better told than to relate an incident that came under my own observation. The nearest post-office was Madison, and letters for the town of Berry had to come over the Sauk road, by way of Mr. Dunlap's, then sometime afterwards it would be carried from there to Cross Plains, and then to Mr. Thomas, who was postmaster, on section 10. A friend and myself calling for letters at his house were informed by Mrs.

Thomas that her husband was in the meadow haying, where we went and found him mowing with a sickle one foot long After the compliments of the day were passed, we asked if there wrere any letters for us. lie replied that he would see, and sitting down on his haunches he very carefully with both hands took oft his hat (which was a genuine stovepipe of no very recent style), tumbled out a number of letters on the ground, looked them over for us, and then replaced the hat and its contents on his head. We were Germans, but we had never seen a portable post-office before, nor had any conceptions of the weighty correspondence of many heads being carried in one, and then covered with a stovepipe hat; but that was the post-office of Cross Plains.

The nearest mills that we had were Hickoeks', in Iowa county, Sugar River Mill, and the Lodi Mill; and the inconvenience of the early settlers in getting their wheat gristed was sometimes scarcely possible in cur times to imagine. On one occasion, I carried a grist to Hickoeks' Mill and found the mill stopped and undergoing repair; I then started for the mill at Sugar River, but found that also broken down and repairing, which ultimately compelled me to go to Janesville, before I could get my wheat gristed; occupying about six days going and returning. Mr. John Cropper started a mill at Halfway Prairie creek in 1863, but afterwards moved it to Mazomanie.

In 1852, I started a brewery, and continued in the business until 1861. In 1862, George Esser also started a brewery, and has built up a large business.

111 the southeast part of the town there is a large Catholic church, built of stone, and with a fine spire tkat can be seen for miles around. The present pastor is the Rev. John Friode, a well educated and sociable gentleman. There is also a Catholic school connected with the church. In the center of the town there is a German Lutheran church, under the pastoral charge of the Rev. Mr. Schenk, of Middleton. The town has six school districts.

The first store in town was kept by Hartwig Meyer, at Halfway Prairie;, and for several years Mr. Christian Henrichs also kept a store at the above place. There is no store at present.

The town is well supplied with stone for building purposes; and Mr. Peter Rouls has a lime kiln, and supplies the neighborhood with burned lime.

The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad runs through the southwestern part of the town. In Halfway Prairie there is a little village called Meyer's Corners, where are two saloons, one kept by Aug. Rieward, and the other by Herman Schneyer; two blacksmith's shops, one by August Hagemann, and the other by John Hagemann ; one wagon shop, kept by Jacob Back; one shoe shop, kept by Carl Schuman; and one tailor, Chris. Luetzow.

On sections two and eleven there is a lake known as Indian Lake, that has no apparent outlet. It was much frequented by the Indians for fishing and hunting, but of late years, they soldom visit it, although many of the citizens still continue to hunt here. From having dried up, it is not as larjre as formerlv.

Cottage Grove By Jas. Bell, Esq

The town of Cottage Grove is situated eight miles east of the city of Madison, in Dane county. It is designated on the government surveys as town seven, north, range eleven, east. The general face of the country is somewhat rolling; the quality of the soil is good and productive; partially prairie and some oak openings, with considerable marsh or meadow land, yielding excellent hay and pasturage; it is under a high state of cultivation. Fine farm houses and barns meet the traveler at almost every turn of the road, indicating thrift and social independence. The first purchase of land from the goverment in the township was in 1838, by Phillip Kerney, on sections eight and ten. In 1840, ¥m. C. Wells, Amos Harris and Horatio Catlin entered their lands in sections seven, eight and nine.

The first town meeting was held at the house of Amos Beecher, April 6, 1817, when, on motion of Rev. J. G. Kanouse, Horatio Catlin was chosen chairman, S. H. Adsit and Orsamus McCray, judges of election, and Rufus Howard clerk. The towns of Deerfield and Cottage Grove were then together for political purposes, and at that meeting there were seventy-one votes cast, and the following town officers were de- clared duly elected: Supervisors - Henry L. Bush, chairman, A. E. Adsit, J. W. Butts. Clerk - Frederick A. Mitchell. Assessors - John Sunderman, Lucius Loss and M. W. Adsit. Justices of the Peace - Edmund P. Butts, J. H. Clyde, Charles Drakeley. Commissioners of Highways - Molton J. Hammond, Samuel Halawork, E. Sampson. School Commissioners - E. D. Kanouse, John Barker, Eli Sperry. Collector - Isaac Beecher. Constables - Isaac Beech - er, E. A. Sperry, George S. Butler. Sealer of Weights and Measures - John Deline. Fence Viewers - Amos Harris, Allen Kanouse, Orsamus McCray. These men constituted the first town officers.

On the 20th day of April, 1849, the towns of Cottage Grove and Deerfield, by mutual agreement, separated their political connection by the action of their supervisors, who on the part of Cottage Grove were, Charles Drakeley and Lewis WaldrufF; on the part of Deerfield, Allen Adsit and Emery Sampson. H. M. Warner was town clerk.

Cottage Grove received its name from a burr oak grove, in the midst of which a public house was built, and where the post office was established in 1838, with Vm. C. Wells as post master. There are now two post offices in the town, the one at Cottage Grove, on the road leading from Madison to Watertown, and the other at Door Creek, on the west end of Liberty Prairie, eleven miles from the city of Madison, southeast, on the road from Madison to Milwaukee, by way of Cambridge and Fort Atkinson. Liberty Prairie cov- ers about five sections in tlie soutli half of the town, and called so by a number of citizens who assembled on the highest eminence on the prairie to celebrate the Fourth of July, and, from the exuberance of their spirits, together, it is said, with something from a little brown jug, that on looking around on the beautiful prairie, they became so enchanted with the sight, they involuntarily cried out "Liberty Prairie." Thus one of the richest and most beautiful prairies in the state received its christening. There are three organized churches in the town, each having a fine house of worship, the Presbyterian, Methodist and German Lutherans. The Presbyterian church was organized by the Rev. John G. Kanouse, in 1845, at the house of Horatio Catlin, his wife being an active member of the church, and his house the only "meeting house" in the town. Mr. Kanouse was minister for nearly twenty-five years, until his death on the 30th day of May, 1870. Since his death the pulpit has been filled by several eminent divines, such as Wm. Hendrickson, Lemuel Leonard, O. P. Thompson and others. The Methodist church, in Cottage Grove village, was organized at the house of Amos Beecher, in 1S16, by Rev. Matthew Fox and Rev. Mr. Montgomery with Laura Robinson, Samuel G. Curtis and Thomas Atkins as "charter members." The Methodist church on Liberty Prairie was organized shortly after by Samuel Dodge and L. D. Kelly. The former has long since gone to his reward, the latter is still in active life and engaged on his farm. The German Lutherans

The Evangelical Association is strongly represented in the town, though their church is situated just across the line, in Blooming Grove. They purpose at some early day building a new church in the town, where three-fourths of the membership reside. The church was first organized in 1853, in the house of C. F. UphofF, on section 19, and where services were held for a number of years, with Rev. Henry Roggats as pastor. They are now in a very prosperous condition.

Schools are well attended and well provided for; the census of 1875, shows a population of 1,430 inhabitants, the foreign element being largely represented. The village of Cottage Grove is located on section seven; it consists of the post office, one store of general merchandise, two blacksmith shops, one harness shop, one wagon maker, two churches, a school house and quite a cluster of dwelling houses.

In 1841, General Dodge passed through the village and put up at the Beecher tavern. His military career was well known among the early settlers, and with none more so than Mr. and Mrs. Beecher, who resolved on setting a table worthy of their distinguished guest. But the old general had endured too many privations, and too many homely fares to be disturbed in his usual method of dieting, and so regaled himself with bread, potatoes and pork, leaving all the "fixings " untouched. His room had been prepared with extra care, and with an eye to modern comfort and ease in the way of a good feather bed and pillows. But the general had pillowed his head on the soft side of a hard board many a time, and so asked the good lady, to her utter amazement, to supply him with some comfort by the removal of the feather bed, and the substitution of one of straw, which with him wras deemed a luxury.

In old stage times, and before access by rail to Madison had been accomplished, Cottage Grove was one of the relay and resting places for the members of the legislature going to and returning from Madison, and many a pleasant reminiscence is associated with Cottage Grove and the many guests and members who made mine host Beecher's house their abode, but which our space forbids enumerating at present, further than to record one notable circumstance. In 1841, a number of the early settlers agreed to have a social dance at Amos Beecher's tavern, and to show the extent and distance the guests came from, it is stated that H. W. Wales, Mr. Brown, G. H. Walker, were from Milwaukee; Mr. Hogan, from Waterloo; James Fran, from Fort Atkinson; Harris and Charles Lawrence, from Token Creek, and a large number from Madison. A noticeable event of the evening was, that Mrs. Davis, who weighed about 200 pounds, and Mr. G. IT. Walker, who weighed about 250 pounds, were the two leading dancers of the evening, displaying more ease and elegance of deportment in the mazes of the ball room than those with less corporeal incumbrance.

Through the energy of our Good Templar Lodge, there is a pleasing feature throughout the township that there is not a place where ardent spirits are sold, nor has there been for a series of years, although this was not always the case. Whisky, as in all new countries, used to be plenty, and highly prized, so much so, that at a town meeting the electors passed a " resolution" that hereafter hogs should be restrained from running at large, but "whisky was to run free," and in those times it did run freely. There is a very fine Grange Hall in the town, No. 97, Patrons of Husbandry.

No streams of water of any great volume are in the town,thoiigh Door and Koshkonong: creeks run through the town, but not of sufficient size for mill privileges. The township is under a high state of cultivation, and is extremely well located for markets. It is remarkably healthy, having a pure atmosphere, good water and plenty, and no miasmatic swamps to create fevers and agues. There are no natural curiosities, such as caves or large mounds, although there are plenty of ancient indications. On section four, on the land of Albert Gaston, there were some ancient. Indian relics.

Politically, Cottage Grove has not been behind the times in contributing her share of public men. She has given the state a governor, state senators and state legislators, and in the late civil war, Cottage Grove sent 105 men to the field; twenty-two of them left their bones on southern battle fields. Any person wishing to locate in this part of Wisconsin can- not do better. Here we have the best of society, the best of churches and school privileges, a good, healthy climate, good water, good markets, good soil, and just far enough from the capital city for a good, pleasant drive, accessible to three or four depots in thirty minutes drive. To the visitor the drive from Cottage Grove Corners to the city of Madison is truly lovely and enjoyable; for a greater part of the distance there is a full view of the city and the beautiful lakes Waubesa, Monona and Mendota, with, their bays and streamlets, and the Catfish river, with its many windings through natural meadows. The road leads for about two miles along the shore of Monona, where a lovely white sand beach affords facilities for good bathing or gathering of shell and pebbles. If a little touch of the hand of art was added to what nature has already done, it would cast Long Branch into the shade. To the seeker after pleasure and health, we would say, God has created few lovelier or more healthful spots than Dane county, and the town of Cottage Grove, for here will be found health and pleasures to overflowing.

Albion By Pkof. A. R. Cornwall

The town of Albion received its name at the suggestion of Isaac Brown, in honor of his former place of residence in the state of New York. Considerable discussion arose as to which name, Albion or Salem, should be given to the town, when some of the En glish settlers came in and battled for Albion, the name Caesar gave to their native island. Freeborn Sweet was the first settler. He came from Oneida count}', N. Y., in August, 1841. In September of the same year, Bjorn Anderson and Amnnd Anderson, from Norway, settled on section 2. The same fall, Samuel T. Stewart, of Massachusetts, settled on section 11.

In September, 1812, Jesse Saunders and Duty J. Greene, from Alleghany county, N. Y., settled on section 22, on what has since been called Saunders Creek, where the village of Albion now stands. In June, 1813, Solomon Head, Adin Burdick, James Weed, and Hiram Bently, settled in the same neighborhood. On the 22d of June, 1813, a " Seventh Day Baptist Church" was organized, Rev. O. P. Hull, first pastor. Among the early settlers in the northern part of the town were the Marsdens, Clarks, Halls, Busseys, Slaters, Humphreys, Rev. James Wileman, William Short, John Bullis, and several families of Norths.

These settlers soon organized a Primitive Methodist Church, with Rev. Marsden as first minister. Jesse Saunders opened the first store; Duty J. Greene the first hotel. The first school was opened by voluntary contribution in 1844. The Seventh Day Baptist meeting house was built in 1861, while Rev. T. E. Babcock was pastor. In 1868, the Episcopal Methodists erected a beautiful house of worship two miles from the village of Albion. Since then, in the same neighborhood of the Episcopal church, the Primitive Methodists have' built a handsome brick church. This church is near a beautiful lake, and altogether this community has one of the pleasantest locations in southern Wisconsin.

Albion Academy was founded in 1854. This institution has become one of the foremost academies in the northwest. There are three large brick blocks situated in the center of a twelve acre park, which constitutes the centre of the village. The corporate property of the academy is valued at $75,000. The courses of instruction embrace a six years' course in Greek and Latin; four years' course in mathematics; an extensive course in metaphysics; natural science; Normal course - a regulai^ professorship in instrumental music, vocal music, elocution, bookkeeping, penmanship, etc. A faculty of ten teachers constantly employed. Nothing wdiatever sectarian is connected with the school. There is an annual attendance reaching from 250 to 325. A large number of Scandinavian young people have been educated here.

They ave as a rule excellent scholars, and of industrious habits. Rev. T. R. Williams D.D., now of Alfred. University, was the first principal. He remained in the institution six years, from 1851 to 18G0. In 1856, he was joined by A. R. Cornwall, A.M., a graduate of Union College, as associate principal. Prof. Williams retired from the academy in 1860 ; since that time Prof. Cornwall has been at the head of the institution. The academy has a fine cabinet in natural history. The three literary societies have each a fine hall. The recitation rooms are ample. The institution receives no aid whatever, but relies entirely on a small tuition from each student. A laro-e number of teachers are trained for the public schools, and some of the foremost teachers in the state have been educated here. Hon. C. R. Head, M.D., has been president of the trustees during the twenty-three years of its existence. He has contributed largely and been one of the foremost in building up the school. Jesse Saunders has been a trustee from the beginning, and one of the main supporters.

Albion is one of the pleasantest villages in the northwest; healthy, and surrounded by a rich farming country. No intoxicating liquors were ever sold in the town. Expenses of students are less than any where else in the country. For the education of young men and women, few places offer equal advantages. A summer school of natural history will be connected with the academy, managed by Prof. Thure Kumlien.

Lakes. - On tlie borders of Koslikonong Prairie is a beautiful lake called Rice Lake, a mile and one-half in length and three-fourths of a mile wide. The town of Albion also borders on Koslikonong lake, which is nine miles in length and three to four miles in width. Rock river flows through the entire length of the lake, making its waters pure, and attracting to the lake immense quantities of migratory birds and of fishes. This is one of the most noted lakes for game in the northwest. Amateur hunters from London, Boston, New .York, St. Louis, Chicago and other cities, visit this lake annually. Gen. Sheridan has often tried his hand here, but rumor has it that he has better lnek in catching Indians with his "black charger," on the fly, than wild ducks and geese on the wing.

A four thousand dollar steamer will be put on this lake by the first of June. The steamer is nearly com - pleted - is being constructed by Messrs. Burdick & Lanphere, for pleasure excursions on the lake and river. It will have a 65 foot keel, 12 foot beam, double deck and pilot house; first deck, 20x90 feet; second deck, 20x60 feet, and a cabin 12x24 feet. The boat will have a new 18-horse power engine, built especially for steamers, and will be capable of carrying from 250 to 300 persons. It will be as strong and perfectly safe in every respect as regular passenger steamers, and elegantly finished and furnished complete. Koslikonong lake is the paradise of the naturalist. On its bosom are wild ducks innumerable; also geese, cormorants, pelicans, swans, and all the varieties of smaller birds found in the north- west are on its margin. It is claimed that one hundred tons of fish are taken from its waters in a single season. This lake is known all over the globe, chiefly through Prof. Kumlien, who has furnished specimens in natural history taken from it for a good many universities and museums, in the old world as well as in this country. The specimens in our normal schools are found here and prepared by him.