Zanesville, Ohio - The Annexation Of Putnam To (part 6 of 8)

practiced until the war of the rebellion broke out. THE Frousinn. - This society was organized in September, 1865, and, after a struggle for two years, disbanded for want of some essential voices. In 1868, this society reorganized, and continued to practice until May, 1871. Harmonig. - This society was organized in November, 1872, with members from most of the

THE MANNERCHOR. - This society reorganized during the winter of 1879-80. This effort brought together some of the ''old reliables,'' but ultimately failed, on account of their inability to maintain a competent leader, notwithstanding the aid derived from concerts during winter seasons.

GERMAN SINGING SocreTy. - This organization was effected, December 5th, 1879, at Adolph Horn's band room, wher Colonel Fred. Geiger was called to the chair, Judge H. L. Korte was appointed a committee to draft a constitution and by-laws. This organization flourished until the demands of business and social cares rendered it inexpedient to continue their exercises.

| was organized, January Ist, 1879, the membership reaching nearly two hundred; the average attendance was one hundred. The music selected had a wide range, and some selections were from the master musicians. Professor J. D. Luse led it gratuitously. The organization, however, could not meet at private houses, for want of room. Hall rent and music cost money, and, as in all such organizations, an incentive must lead, and a support sustain, so in this, and for want of patronage, notwithstanding their meritorious performances, the association suspended. Among the leading singers were Mrs. Stanbery, Mrs. Drone, Mrs. Bagley, and Miss Roper; Messrs. Cox, Ingalls, Waller, Edgar, and Albert Allen - talent enough to sustain any organization, under favorable auspices. This will be more apparent when the Mendelssohn Glee Club is spoken of. This is a male quartette, and, of course, lacking in the inspiration derived from the association, the cultivated female voices. This is no mere sentiment, as every one acquainted with music will readily admit. Yet the charms of music held this quartette together, under many disparaging elapsed since their organization. The club is composed of Professor J. D. Luse, leader and first tenor ; Hiram Waller, second tenor: J. J. Ingalls, first bass, and James A. Cox, second bass. These gentlemen were also members of the Choral As- As a male quartette, they combine the rare qualification of reading difficult music readily, with the crowning triumph of the singer - sympathy. It was the good fortune of the his-

**Soldier's Departure," *'Naught on Earth," and "The Artillerist's Oath ;" '"'Image of the Rose," "OQ, Wert Thou in the Cauld Blast," from the Arion ; pieces well calculated to test the singer's power, and, in the opinion of the writer, they triumphed gloriously.

Plaque

LAP - ''*THE CLASS OF 1880," AND THEIR WORK - ADAMS - LYONS - BREWER - HOWLAND - BARTON - -CRAIG - YOSEMITE VALLEY - ASSUMPTION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN - -MADONNAS - MURIL- -LO - BEAR RIVER - SUNRISE ON THE ALLEGHANIES - CUSTAR'S LAST CHARGE - CHARIOT RACE - WETTERHORN - STAUBACH - WATER COLORS - '*THE FISHERMEN ' - '' BREEZY DAY'' - SWISS SCENE - FLOWERS - CRAYONS - POTTER Y - - PLAQUE.

new, world, and also with their surroundings, which often had much to. do with shaping their course, and, doubtless, kept many a genius in obscurity, and a mere mention of those celebrities would be trite and unwelcome. This sketch, however, is intended for the general reader, and so we indulge in a recapitulation concerning some who won their laurels in America. .The first practicing artist of celebrity, in the United States, was John Watson, born in Scotland, in 1685 ; he commenced painting portraits' in New Jersey, in 1715. Nathaniel Smybert, of Edinburgh, began in Boston, in 1728. Benjamin West was the first native American artist; born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, in 1708 ; painted his first portrait in. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1753. John Singleton Copley was born in Boston, in 1738; first painted in 1760; he was the father of Lord Lyndhurst, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain. Charles W. Peale, was born in Maryland, in 1741 ; Gilbert Charles Stuart, Rhode Island, 1754; John Trumbull, Connecticut, 1756; William Dunlap, New Jersey, 1766; E. G. Malbone, Rhode Island, 1777; and were among the artists to win distinction in the United States. Dunlap was the author of an able work on ''Arts of Design."'

The reader need not be told that the number of artists has greatly increased since their day, for during this century, the world has taken it for granted, that a home is not to be thought of with bare walls. In art life, as in every other sphere of man, it has come to pass, that fidelity has brought excellence, and excellence has increased the demand, which has also so reduced the expense that every home may have these luxuries, and in many instances, the work of their own hands. The refinement consequent on deyeloping the talent for art is too evident to admit of argument, and we proceed to speak of its manifestations in Zanesville.

May 3, 1880, the work done by Miss Dunlap and her class in drawing and painting was announced for exposition. And while it is true that '' home talent'""is praised, as a 'matter of course, it is correct to say that the work exhibited was highly meritorious, and attracted special attention from home and foreign cities.

Miss Mary Stuart Dunlap is a graduate of Putman Seminary ; studied painting under James Beard, of College Hill, and Mrs. Beers, at Cooper Institute. To her was reserved the opportunity to develop the talent of many ladies of Zanesville. Their success is certainly complimentary toher. The themes have been hap- arts and artists, and'it is probable that the*subjects were pretty well mastered, for among the members of her class were : - Misses Cora Hubbell, Lida Black, Hatton, S. E. Rollo, Mary Munson, Effie Munson, Lucretia Stultz, Laura Wiles, Mary Lynn, Mamie Atwell, Daisy Shryock, and Mrs. Canfield, Minnie Munson, (Dr.) Barton, Franklin Cooper and Mrs. Hirsh.

Among the specimens of work exhibited, was a landscape by Miss Laura Wiles; a panel with landscape, Miss Mary Munson; a fan, with blossoms and birds, Mrs. Dr. Barton; flowers on panel, Miss Hatton; a deer headin crayon, Mrs. Canfield ; butters, decorated in birds and flowers, and an initial letter, Miss Rollo; palette, with odd design, Miss Atwell; palette, blackberries and flowers, Mrs. Hirsh; unique design on china plates, Japanese, Miss Munson; and many other fine specimens; the reception was a great success, and a just source of pride to lovers of art in Zanesvilie.

Among the artistsin Zanesville, we find Adams, Lyons, Brewer, Howland, Barton and Craig. Mr. Barton was born in Zanesville, and in early life began to exhibit his talent with pencil, India ink, etc., and yet was never regularly instructed ; he painted his first picture in 1842, and has since devoted his time and talent to oil painting. Inthe spring of 1844, he studied in the National Academy of Design, in New York, and after sixteen months, returned to his native city. In 1875, he visited Europe for the purpose of seeing the works of the great masters.

At the Exposition in December, 1880, in the Art Department, was exhibited '' Yosemite Valley," by J. P. Barton; a view taken from the summit of Mariposa Trail, showing the whole of that wonderful Valley. On the left of the picture is seen E] Capitan, three thousand five hundred feet high; on the right, Bridal Veil Falls; in the middle distance, Half Dome; in the middle foreground, at the base of Bridal Veil Falls, Mirror Lake, than which nothing grander has yet been seen; in the foreground, the peculiar and gigantic flora of California. By the same artist: ''Assumption of the Blessed Virgin." The great painters have delighted in this theme. A high authority tells of more than five hundred different styles of Madonnas; this is a splendid copy after Murillo, purchased in Brussels by the late Mr. Aspinwall, for ten thousand dollars. There were also a number of portraits of wellknown citizens, highly prized for their life-like character. Mr. Charles Craig had a ''View on Bear River," 'Sunrise on the Alleghanies," "Custar's last Charge," and ''The Chariot Race ;" the latter copied from the great painting by Alexander Wagner, representing the close of an exciting race, in the présence of the Emperor Domitian, in the circus, Maximus, at Rome, with all the wealth and beauty of their day. Mr. Craig needs no eulogy.

''Wetterhorn" (Peak of Tempests), by Frank Stark. This is a lofty peak of the Bernese Oberland, Switzerland, on the east side of the Grindenwald. From the path by which it is ascend- ed, rises one vast precipice of Alpine limestone, seeming to threaten the traveler; the. height is about thirteen thousand feet. Also, (Dust-Stream). This celebrated waterfall is a mile from the village of Lauterbrunnan, in the Canton of Berne, Switzerland. It has a descent of nearly nine hundred feet, and, long before it reaches the bottom, it is blown into dust of silver spray; hence the name, trom stawé (dust), and hach (stream).

WaTER CoLors. - Only a few of inher class ot pictures were shown at this Exposition, yet enough to afford a clear idea of their peculiarities. The most casual observer would notice that there is a sharpness of tone and purity of color which do not belong to oil paintings. This does not enhance the one or detract from the other. but is simply a characteristic. Charming landscape effects are produced in water colors, as was seen in the pictures executed by General Granger.

Some of the most impressive street scenes, church interiors, and character presentations, have been executed in water colors; and their adaptation to marine views may be easily comprehended by examining 'The Fishermen'' and ''Breezy Day' (Swiss scene), scene from Rosa Bonheur, by A. C. Ross.

Crayons. - Portrait of the late A. G. Brush and a child, by A. C. Fauley. Portrait of the late William C. Cassell. by T. C. Orndorff. Iforses, by Miss Kate Potwin. '*Psyche,"' 'Poor Relations," by Miss E. B. Blandy. "Stag at Bay," by Mrs; H. T. Canfield.

cups, and saucers, by Miss M. H. Buckingham. Pair of Pilgrim vases, and plaque, by Mrs. C. E. Munson. Pair of plates, by Miss Jennie T. Ball. | Pair 'of plates, 'by, Miss UL. H.. Black, Pair of cups and saucers, by Miss L. Stultz. Pair of cups and saucers, by Miss C. M. Hubbell. Pair of plates, by Miss Mary Linn. Fruit dish (subject of painting, 'The Unexpected Guest'). Miss Ella G. Ross. Pair of cups and saucers by Mrs. Dr. Scott.

In June, 1881, the art work of Miss Dunlap and her class was even more surprising in variety and excellence. These exhibitions demonstrate a high order of talent in the several artists, and afford ample testimony that home talent is not only abundant, but can find good opportunity and efficient leadership in Zanesville.

Chapter Xxiv The Opera House

Ot the Opera, it will be remembered. that Octavio Rinuecini, ot Florence. was the inventor of the production of musical representations of Comedy and Tragedy. and other dramatic pieces ; and that Emelio de Cavelero. disputed this honor with him, A.D.. 1590. Among the Venetians, opera was the chiet glory of their carnival. About the year 1669. the Abbot Perrin obtained a grant from Louis XIV.. to set up an opera at Paris, where. in 1672, was acted Pomona. This play was probably in keeping with Ovid's story of Pomona and Vertumnus. '**This Hamadryad lived in the time of Procas. King of Alba. She was devoted to the culture of gardens, to which she confined herself, shunning all society with the male deities. Vertumnus, among others. was enamored of her, and under various shapes, tried to win her hand: sometimes he came as a reaper, sometimes as a hay-maker, sometimes as a ploughman, or vine dresser ; he was a soldier, and a_ tisherman, but to equally little purpose. At length, under the guise of anold woman, he won the contidence of the goddess, and, by enlarging on the evils of a single life, and the blessings of the wedded tumnus, and relating a tale of the punishment of female cruelty to a lover. he sought to move the heart of Pomona; then, resuming his real form, he obtained the hand of the no longer reluctant nymph. [Ovid. Met. 14, 623. Seq. Knightley's Mythology, p. 539]. Sir William Davenant introduced a species of opera in London, in 1684. The first regularly pertormed opera was at York building, in 1692. The first in Drury Lane. was in 1705. The operas of Handel, were performed in 1735, and they became general in several of the theatres in a tew years after. The first opera in Zanesville, that truly deserved the name, was given in this 'Temple of Art," at the opening, January 20, 1880, by the Emma Abbott English Opera Company. and was a grand affair; : patronized by the elite of this and neighboring cities. The eclat of this performance was heralded by the press generally, in the State and out of it. Messrs. Shultz & Hoge, the proprietors, have conferred a princely benefice on the community .in furnishing thereby rendering the city a great attraction for operatic and other musical and public performances, and exhibitions: adding, also, the block of elegant store rooms, with spacious rooms over them for offices. The building has a frontage of one hundred and twenty-five feet on Fitth street, extending from the southwest corner ot Fountain alley southward,and a depth of seventytive feet. The third story contains the **Conservatory of Music" Hall, which is forty by sixty feet, and **Gold Hall," which is sixty by eighty feet. These halls supply a want long felt. They are very handsomely decorated, and adapted | for every public purpose, having dressing rooms, cloak rooms, committee rooms, and kitchens convenient. The architecture of the Opera build ing is derived from the antique - a style that originated in Italy about the commencement of the fifteenth century, and is termed Renaissance.

known in architectural parlance as the ground floor. The grand entrance, which is on Fifth street, is spacious, and richly decorated. The floor is tiled in the best manner known to the art, and is a marvel of beauty and durability. The stairways are ample and easy, and suggest visions of Baronial splendor in ''ye olden time."' The corridors are spacious, and convenient dressing rooms for ladies and gentlemen, are fitted up with elegant furnishings, including everything needed for.the most elaborate toilet. The seating capacity of the house is over eleven hundred, estimating the permanent seats, which are models of beauty and ease, and so arranged that every one commands a full view 'of the stage. The acoustic qualities of this -beautiful temple are,perhaps, pertect ; they have been gréatly extolled by the best critics. The designs and decorations are harmonious, and in keeping with the advanced improvements in decorative art. The stage, which is seventy by thirty-five feet, is provided with every appliance to be desired by the historian. The scenery is so beautiful and varied as to defy description.

The drop curtain is a classical composition - if Mythology may be so considered - representing Apollo, standing in a golden chariot, leading forth the horses of the Sun. On one side, gazing on this enchanting scene, are the radiant forms of the muses of Tragedy and Comedy; on the other is Pan, the god of the shepherds, and subsequently, the guardian of bees, and the giver of success in fishing and fowling. He haunted mountains and pastures ; was fond of the pastoral reed, and of entrapping nymphs; in form, he combined that of man and beast, having a red face, horned head, his nose flat, and his legs, thighs, tail, and feet, those of a goat. According to one of the Homeridae, he was the son of Mercury, by an Arcadian nymph. With him, are other nymphs, rejoicing at the appearance of Apollo and his prancing steeds; and other nymphs traverse the ethereal space above, heralding his coming. A more significant and beautiful curtain could not have been designed, and the richness of the tapestried surroundings betoken. exquisite taste and magnificence. Reader, this is the grand spectacle that looms up before you on entering, and here we leave it.

Chapter Xxv Eleemosynary Institutions

CHAPTER XXV. ELEEMOSYNARY INSTITUTIONS. MUSKINGUM COUNTY INFIRMARY - JOHN TIRE'S WILL - LEGAL ACTION CONCERNING THE WILL OF JOHN M'INTIRE - THE MUSKINGUM COUNTY CHILDREN'S HOME - M/'INTIRE CHILDREN'S HOME.

legal step taken to provide for the poor by the county, was an '*'Act to authorize the establishment of poor houses," passed February 26th, 1816 - [ Chase's Statutes, vol. 1, p.998.] Like all early efforts, this was subjected to alteration from time totime. March 23d, 1850, the name ''Poor House"' was changed to the ''Infirmary,"' as less obnoxious in sound. The struggles incident to opening up a new country were not confined to individual welfare, but partook of a communistic nature ; were for mutual benefit, and it was therefore a practical and reasonable act to provide for whoever should be found in need, by a mutual effort, such as this. This was also esteemed a Christian duty. ''The poor shall never cease out of the land ; therefore I command thee, saying, thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor and to thy needy in thy land.'' - Deut. xv. 2.

The present Infirmary farm contains two hundred acres. The following extracts from the Commissioners' Journal, exhibit the acquisition of this property.

June 30th, 1838. - This day the Commissioners purchased, of Andrew R. Jackson, one hundred (100) acres of land in Falls township, Muskingum county, and being the east end of lot No. 2, Jackson's division, in Quarter township No. 4, in township No. 1, range No. 8, for the purpose of a County Poor Farm, and obligated themselves and their successors in office, in their corporate capacity, to pay said Jackson for the same, asfollows: T'wothousand dollars ($2,000) on the first day of October next, to be applied to the payment of a mortgage in the hands of A. Buckingham & Co., and the balance as may hereafter be agreed upon.

July 3d, 1838, Andrew Jackson, having presented a deed executed by himself and wife to the Commissioners of Muskingum 'county, and their successors in office, and assigns forever, for one hundred (100) acres of land, heretofore purchased by the said Commissioners, for the accommodation of a poor house for said county. It is therefore ordered by the Commissioners, that the Auditor issue orders on. the County Treasurer for three thousand dollars, ($3,000,) the price agreed upon for said land, the orders to be for such amounts as the said Jackson may require ; the said sum to be paid on or before the first day of October next, and the said Jackson to allow interest on all payments made before that time.

October 8th, 1863; the second one hundred acres of the poor farm, adjoining the first tract, was purchased of Augustus C. Springer, for seven thousand dollars ($7,000). The contract for building the first ''Poor House,' was

Tue New Buiipinc. - The architect was W. C. Hazlett ; the contract was let May 15th, (the ist Monday,) 1880. Thecontractors for excavation, foundation and brick work, T. B. Townsend; for cut stone, Eisle & Berkimer; for iron galvanized iron work, slate and tile roofing, Wm. Hall; painting, Henry Mechlin; plumbing, Rockel & Sons.. The total contract price, $44,000; to be completed in May, 1881. The building will accommodate 200 inmates, and have extra rooms for the Superintendent. »

The farm contains about thirty acres of wood land; the remainder is all under cultivation. The premises have been in use since 1841. In that year the total expenditures amounted to $4,950.27.

The number of inmates at the close of that year was twenty-five. In June, of thesame year, John Burtch was appointed Superintendent, at a salary of three hundred dollars per annum, board and house room for himself and family.

In 1842, the products of the farm were: Wheat, 250 bushels ; oats, 170 bushels ; corn, 480 bushels ; potatoes, 400 bushels; turnips, thirty bushels; buck wheat, ten and a half bushels; clover, twelve tons; timothy, three tons; pork, 2,212 pounds.

The institution is under good discipline. The following requirements are found in the code: Cleanliness and good behavior; the inmates shall perform such labor as may be assigned them - if practicable, this shall be such as they have been accustomed to ; to exercise in the open air, as recreation, in places assigned by the Superintendent ; men are to shave, or be shaved, twice a week. And all are required to attend Divine service whenever held in the house, except those having conscientious scruples opposed to this requirement, and they are required to remain in their rooms during this time.

tendent. be permitted to visit their friends, and have their friends visit them, according to the discretion of the Superintendent - -except on Sabbath.

Among the prohibitions are: ''Lying, stealing. profanity, quarreling, fighting, card-playing, immoral books, obscene conversation, and the use of intoxicants."' T*'hey shall not sell nor barter their utensils, clothes or provisions, nor offer any fee or gratuity, whatsoever, to any persons belonging to the house, nor accept or receive any reward from any other person, for services rendered or to be rendered."

Products of the farm, 1880: Wheat, 1,085 bushels, of which 500 bushels were sold for $450., and the money paid into the County Treasury ; 550 bushels were exchanged for flour for the use of the institution ; corn, 1,100 bushels ; oats, 100 bushels; potatoes, 100 bushels; hay, twenty-five tons; all of which was consumed on the place.

Infirmary Directors: One Director is elected annually, [See Sec. 957, Revised Statutes, ] and the term of office begins the first Monday in December. The present Board consists of Robert Slack, whose term of office expires in December, 1881 ; Geo. A. Gardner, whose term expires in December, 1882, and Addison Palmer, whose term expiresin December, 1883.

The powers vested in the Board are defined in Sections 961-2, Revised Statutes, and by virtue of this authority, they have appointed the present Superintendent for one year from March I, 1881, at a salary of six hundred dollars, and his wife as matron, ata salary of one hundred dollars, beginning at the same date, and the following physicians to attend the poor entitled to gratuitous service: For the Infirmary, Dr's. J. G. F. Holston and L. M. Reamy, at a salary of two hundred dollars each. And for the wards of the city, as. given, with salary affixed: ist and Dri; Aw Co Oatley, s$120.001) gd Ward, Dr. Seth Allen, $60.00: 4th and 5th Wards, Dr. W. C. Lenhart, $100.00; 6th Ward, Dr. J. T. Davis, $60.00; 7th Ward, Dr. W. E. Atwell, $50.00; 8th Ward, Dr. C. H. Evans, $70.00; 9th Ward, Dr. J. R. Larzelere, $50.00. Total, $910.00.

The total amount expended for the benefit of the poor not in the Infirmary, for the year ending March Ist, 1881, has been $3,000.00. The en-

Under the provisions found in Section 976, Revised Statutes, the Board has entered into arrangements for transferring the children at the Infirmary, and any hereafter received into that institution, to the ** McIntire Children's Home," where they are to be cared for, as other children received into the Home, and at the same cost that said children would be to the county.

August 4th, 1815. - At a called Court of Common Pleas, held at Zanesville, in Muskingum county, present, David Findley, Stephen C. Smith and Daniel Stillwell, associate Judges of said court, the last will and testament of John McIntire, deceased, was produced in open court, and proven on the oath of Samuel Culbertson and Job Stanbery, the subscribing witnesses. Daniel Convers and Alexander Adair were sworn in open court as Executors, when the usual orders were made.

make a just disposition of all my estate, both real and personal, to take effect after my death, do make this instrument of writing, as, and for my last will and testament, hereby revoking and disannulling all former wills, by me heretofore made.

** Inthe first place, in lieu of my wife's full dower at law, I give devise and bequeath to her absolutely, the one half of all the personal property I may die possessed of, except my clock, she not take the one-half, the residence is to be sold, and she is to get the money arising from the sale. I also give, devise and bequeath to her, vite her lite, my mansion house, barn, stable, and all my outhouses and iinprovements, within the present enclosure, where I now live.

**Secondly, so soon after my death as my executors, or a majority of them, may think proper, I order, direct, and empower them, to sell and convey in fee simple, in such parcels and in such.manner, and on sucli terms as they think proper, all and every part of my real estate in the county of Muskingum, or elsewhere, except the real property which I own and which lays to Ebenezer Zane, on the Muskingum River, which shall not be sold during the lifetime of my wife, and out of the sales and proceeds of the above lands, my executors are to pay off all my just debts as soon as possible, after which debts are paid, my executors are to pay to my wife,

Sally, annually during her life, the one- ~half of the rents, interest, issues and profits of all my estate, both real and personal. The money arising from the sales of my real estate after the payment of my debts, as aforesaid, is to be by my executors, vested in stock in the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, all excepting one hundred dollars, which I allow them to purchase a horse, saddle and bridle with, for John Chapman, who now lives with me, also another hundred dollars, which I allow to purchase a horse, saddle and bridle with, for Lucinda Green, who now lives with me. At the death of my wife, Sally, I allow my executors to sell and convey, in fee simple, in such a manner and on such terms as they think proper, all the rest, residue and remainder of my real estate then remaining unsold. The house and lot, as above bequeathed to my wife, with the' clock aforesaid excepted, and the money arising from such sale or sales to be vested in the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company stock, as my other money is ordered to be vested.

*« Thirdly, I allow my executors, if they think it prudent and proper, to pay out of the afore said funds annually to Negro Mess, who has lived with me, and now lives with me, fifty dollars, during his lifetime.

*¢ Fourthly, I give, devise and bequeath to my daughter, Amelia McIntire, otherwise called Amelia Messer, at the death of my wife, my mansion house, with the premises before described, in fee simple, provided she leaves heirs of her body, or heir, with the clock aforesaid : also I.give, devise and bequeath to her and the heir or heirs of her body, and their heirs forever, all rents, issues, interest and profits, of all my Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company Stock, which are to be paid to her annually during her life, by the President and Directors of said company, on her own personal application, and not otherwise. She is not at liberty to sell, stock, nor is the same ever to be liable for the payment of her debts which she may contract, or which her husband, should she marry, may contract. Should she leave an heir, or heirs, of her body, then, at hér death, the house aforesaid to be vested in them in fee simple, and all the stock aforesaid, to do with as they may think proper. But should my daughter, Amelia McIntire, otherwise called Amelia Messer, die without an heir or heirs of her body, then my house and lot, with the premises as before described, are to be held in fee simple by the company before described, for the use and occupancy of the President of said company, with the clock aforesaid, he paying into the fund aforesaid, for the use hereafter described, a reasonable rent, to be fixed by the Directors, for the same: and the President and Directors of said company are annually, forever, to appropriate all the profits, rents and issues of my stock, as aforesaid, and all my estate, of whatever kind the same may be, for the use and support of a Poor School, which they are to establish in the town of Zanesville, for the use of the poor children in said town, the children who are to be the objects of this Institution tobe tixed upon by the President and Directors of said company. This bequest to be absolutely void, in case my daughter Amelia, before described, should leave an heir, or heirs, of her body.

executors of this, my last will and testament, with full and absolute power, by me inthem, or a majority of them vested, to carry this will, and agreeable to my request, as an executor of my estate, then, in that case, I authorize, and fully empower the other two executors to fix upon, and appoint some other person, who will act as an executor, and after he is sworn according to law, as an executor is sworn, I do absolutely,

'*Upon the happening of the contingencies upon which depended this devise, the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company accepted the trust, erected a school building in the city of Zanesville, and supported therein a '*poor school," until the year 1856, when, owing to the flourishing condition of the public schools of this city, and the repugnance of parents and children towards a distinctive '*poor school," the said Zanesville Canal and Manutacturing Com-

_ pany placed the building under the control of the ' city Board of Education, which Board conductand fully, vest Him with all the powers which any | said school.

of March, eighteen hundred and fifteen, at Zanesville, Ohio. - -** Joun McIntire, [Seal.] ** Signed, sealed, and pronounced by John McIntire, in our presence, as his last will and the executors of John McIntire, deceased, Ebenezer Granger was appointed in his stead. E. Granger died in 1822, leaving Daniel Convers and Alexander Adair, surviving executors.

'« Of this fund, a sufficient sum to pay the expenses of schools taught in the McIntire School Building, from 1856 to 1865, was paid to the School Board for that purpose, and the additional

1867 - McIntTire's ADMINISTRATORS ETAL. VS. THE Ciry OF ZANESVILLE - Petition for the construction of the last will and testament of John McIntire, deceased. Reserved from the District Court of Muskingum county. TT. J. Taylor, Solicitor for Children's Home.

Lecat Action CONCERNING THE WILL OF Joun McIntirre. - The Administrators and the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company vs. The City of Zanesville. - [Ohio Reports, Critchfield, p. 352, et seq.] By a provision in the willin question, '' the President and Directors of said Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, are annually, forever, to appropriate all profits, rents, and issues of my stock as aforesaid, and all my estate, of whatever kind the same may be, for the use and support of a Poor School, which they are to establish in the town of Zanesville, tor the use of the poor children in said town, the children who are to be the objects of this institution, to be fixed upon by the President and Directors of said company.

*» At the date of the will, said Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company were unincorporated; but suon after the death of the testator, they were duly incorporated, and authorized to accept and execute the trust; and their corporate existence has been made perpetual for that not. Of the latter description, is a village, on the west side of the Muskingum river, called 'West Zanesville," in which lots were laid out by the testator, and denominated by him on the plat as The incorporated town, in 1815, was situated entirely on the east side of the river.

'*A part of the tund so donated is still uninvested, and stock in the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company cannot now be purchased, and, if so purchase#, would be of little or no value.

'*The present case is a petition filed by the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, and the administrators, with the will annexed of said estate, asking the Court for directions and advice as to the manner of investing the remaining part of the fund, as to the extent and limits of the 'town of Zanesville,' within the meaning of said .will, and as to the proper manner ot executing the trust within those limits.

'*The city of Zanesville answers, claiming that the present application of the fund, in aid of the free schools of the city, shall be continued.

'* Since filing the petition, a voluntary association, denominated the 'Muskingum Children's Home Association,' has been made a party defendant, and filed an answer in the cause. The object of this association is to 'secure proper care, culture and homes, for children in the city and vicinity of Zanesville, who, by misfortune or vice, are left in destitute circumstances, without ready received from the trustees, some part of the McIntire fund, to aid it from time to time in its charitable enterprise ; and the association asks that the Trustees be advised or 'directed to appropriate at least part of the trust for that use. DrEcrEE. - ''This cause came on to be heard upon petition and amended petition of the plaintiffs, the answers of the defendants, and the exhibits and testimony, and was argued by coun- | sel; on the consideration whereof, the 'Court directs and advises that the uninvested part of the fund, referred to in the petition, be invested otherwise than in the stock of said Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, in such way, and manner, as shall be most productive and safe. And the Court is of opinion, and so advises said Trustees, that it is the true meaning and intent of said will, that, in the selection of children to be the beneficiaries of said bounty, that they be not confined to the limits of the original town of Zanesville, or to the corporate limits of the borough or city of Zanesville, but may, and should, select them also frorg the said village of West Zanesville, or from any and all other additions to said town or city, which, in the common and popular sense, constitute parts thereof at the time of selection. And the Court further advises and directs the said Trustees to discontinue the present plan of applying a portion of the proceeds of said trust fund, in aid of the common schools of said city of Zanesville, being of opinion that arf permanent appropria-? tion of said funds, or any portion of them, in that way, would be a perversion of the same from the true objects and purposes of the donation. And the Court, further proceeding to advise said Trustees as to their duties in the premises, is of opinion and declares, that the real and ultimate purpose of the donor was, to educate poor children, resident in Zanesville; that, in carrying out that purpose, the powers of the Trustees are not confined to the mere establishment and maintenance of a free school, or institution for the education of poor children; but that they may, when found proper and necessary to the end proposed, also adopt other means for the education of-such poor children, in connection with such school or institution, and, as incidental thereto, including, among such other means, that so far relieving the wants of such poor children as to make their education practicable, when that end cannot be otherwise at- 'tained. and the proceeds of said fund are sufficient for that purpose. But the Court further advises, that the Trustees maintain and use, at all times, some suitable edifice, or edifices, for in-- struction, and that when they see proper to dispense any part of said funds through other associations or persons, they retain in their own hands a supervisory power over,them, and the right, at all times, to control their action. And it is further ordered and adjudged by the Court, that all the costs herein'be paid by said Trustees, out of the proceeds of said trust fund." Day, C. J., and White, Brinkerhoff and Scott, J. J., concurred.

McIntTIrRE CHILDREN'S Home. - The inception of this institution dates back to a time in June, 1865, when Mrs. Van Buren, Mrs. James, Mrs. Captain Hazlett, Mrs. D. Brown, Mrs. Louisa Brooks, Mrs. General Leggett, and Mrs. Joseph Black, convened, in one of the small rooms of the Second street-M. E. Church, at which meeting Mrs. Van Buren was chosen President, and Mrs. James, Secretary. The result of this meeting was, that it should be ascertained what money could be raised for the purpose of caring for destitute children, to accomplish which, committees were appointed to solicit funds in each ward.

On July 24, 1865, a second meeting was held, in the same place, and a committee was appointed to prepare a suitable Constitution and By- Laws. The meeting also decided to invite the co-operation of Rey. Mr. Platt, Henry Blandy, C. W. Potwin, John Taylor, Jr., Joseph Black, General Leggett, Rev. Levitt, Alexander Grant, and others. July 31, of the same year, they met and perfected an organization, and adopted rules to govern the Home. The name selected was significant of their intent, viz.: ''The Muskingum County Children's Home." The officers elected were:

Board of Control - -Mrs. Van Buren, Mrs. Captain Hazlett, Mrs. Dr. Brown, Mrs. D. M. Leggett, Mrs. Benjamin Wheeler, Mrs. Brooks. and Mrs. Maginnis.

The first ''Home"' was opened in Mrs. Flood's brick dwelling, on Market street, east of Blocksom alley. In the spring following, these rooms were found insufficient for the accommodation of the children, and the Board of Control contracted with Stephen Harper for his five-acre lot, situated on the old Wheeling road, one mile east

Rules Governing the Institution. - Parents or guardians, or,.if none, the Trustees of townships, or Infirmary Directors, are required to sign a paper of indenture, giving the child to the Trustees of the Home, to be placed in their care and protection, to feed, clothe, school, and care for, as their own children; the Home to provide suitable homes for the children, among good and respectable people.

Such persons are required to enter into bond to take care of the child, or children, as though their own. The child is required to be industrious and obedient, and, when of age, the adopting parents are required to furnish two suits of clothes, one of which is to be new.

The importance of such an institution as the Children's Home having been demonstrated, as fulfilling the desires expressed in the will of John McIntire, who bequeathed his property for the benefit of poor children, the administrators of his estate generously came to the aid of the Board of Control, by paying the expenses, and affording

September 4th, 1867, Mrs. Highfield resigned her Matronship, and Mrs. Ely (her daughter), was appointed to fill the vacancy, and Miss Kate Duross was appointed teacher.

In July, 1868, the McIntire trustees agreed to purchase and hold the mortgage debt of said Children's Home Association, and to contribute two thousand dollars a year to support the Home, the name being changed (May 16th, of the same year,) to McIntire Children's Home. After supporting the ''Home'"' for eleven years, in the old frame building, in the fourth ward, the trustees became satisfied that a building ought to be constructed specially adapted for such purpose. The McIntire estate, having become the owner of '*Woodside,"' a site containing some eight acres, and familiarly known as the homestead of Judge Richard Stillwell, and, subsequently, of Mr. Kaemmerer, the executors, by virtue of their official power, and in obedience to the intent of the testator, whose estate they control, set this tract apart for the *'John McIntire Children's Home." Under legislative authority, the ground aforesaid was annexed to the city of Zanesville, and opened Kaemmerer avenue, which leads from the Ilome grounds to Adair avenue, thus. bringing it into direct communication with the public highways of the city, while it is retired from the annoyances of a common public thoroughfare, and enjoys the delightful advantage of a suburban home, on a commanding eminence, amid the shade and beauty of luxuriant forest trees.

The executors made a contract with the County Commissioners, through a joint commission, consisting of Jeft. Van Horne, on the part of the Commissioners, and C. C. Russell, M. M. Granger, and D. C. Converse, for McIntire Children's Home, as follows: ; oodside (Kaemmerer's subdivision, recently annexed to Zanesville), a brick building, for said Home, suitable for the accommodation of one hundred children, and the necessary officers and attendants of the Home, which building shall be the property of the McIntire estate, for the use of said Home.

Second - The Commissioners of Muskingum county, pursuant to act of February 11th, 1869 [Volume 66, Ohio Laws, page 11], will aid said association in and about the erection of said building, pay to said association the sum of six thousand dollars, ($6,000.00), payable as follows, to wit: On or before the first day of May, A. D. 1879, the sum of two thousand dollars, ($2,- 000.00) ; on or before the first day of January, 1880, the sum of three thousand dollars, ($3.- 000.00); and the balance on or before the first day of July, 1880.

Home, children from the County Infirmary, and keep, and maintain, and instruct them in like manner as they do unto and for other children admitted to said Home, and will maintain a school in said Home, as required by the State of Ohio touching said Home.

Fourtk - Said County Commissioners will use all legal power of taxation that is, or may be, given them, (by law), for the purpose of raising money to fulfill the following stipulations, and will pay it, from time to time, to said association, as raised, to wit: For salaries of Superintendent, Matron, and-other necessary officers and attendants, not exceeding their pro rata share of said expenses, properly belonging to the children admitted from said Infirmary, not exceeding the sum of three thousand dollars,($3.000.00), a year, for furnishing books,:school apparatus, etc., their proper cost for said children so received from said Infirmary Directors.

The new Home building was begun in June, 1879, and finished in August, 1880; the opening was celebrated, and it was dedicated by appropriate religious ceremonies, and a sense of relief came, lifting the shadows that over us roll.

The structure is one of the most beautiful in this vicinity; the entire length is one hundred and twenty five feet, by ninety im width ; the basement is built of limestone, with range-work above the window sills. The east and west wings are two stories high; the central portion is three stories high; the roof is Mansard; the walls are of brick, with handsome stone trimmings. In the architrave, over the main entrance, the name of the institution, '*McIntire Children's Home,"' is cut in bold, stone lettering. The building fronts south, and the stone steps at the doorways are neat and remarkable for easy ascent and descent. The building contains thirty-five rooms. There are several avenues of escape in case of tire. The building is heated throughout by steam, from the boiler room, in the basement, and so perfect is the system that no accident can occur, The structure 1s to be lighted by gas, furnished from the pipes of the Zanesville Gas Light Company.

The Home farm comprises one hundred and four acres of land, and is in charge of two farmers, for whom neat tenement houses have been erected. Two new frame houses have been built, one for the janitor of the Home, the other for the overseer of the farm. "They were constructed from the' material of the large frame building which formerly occupied the site of the Home, built by the late Judge Stillwell. The barn and stables have been newly repaired and painted, new board fencing around the farm, picket fence around the Home building and grounds immediately attached, the lawn laid out in walks, and ornamented with evergreens, and, all in all, the ~ new Home is a charming place.

Arrangements have been made with the Intirmary Directors, under authority vested in them, [see Section 976, Revised Statutes], to take into the Home the children that now are, or may hereafter, come to the Infirmary, and care for them as other children.

Board of Managers - Mrs. Stanberry, Mrs. G. N. Guthrie, Mrs. Robert Fulton, Mrs. James R. Peabody, Mrs. Laura Taylor, Mrs. Alexander Sullivan, Mrs. Thomas Griffith, and: Messrs. A. Grant. Charles C. Goddard, and George W: Thompson.

Chapter Xxvi Muskingum Improvement

NAVIGABLE CANALS - THE CANAL FUND - COMMISSIONERS OF - POWERS - WHAT THE COMMISSIONERS DID - COST OF MAKING THESE IMPROVEMENTS - CONNECTION WITH THE NAVIGATION OF THE OHIO RIVER - REVENUE DERIVED FROM THE IMPROVEMENT. - TOLL RECEIPTS - TONNAGE TABLE - THE BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS.

February 4th, 1825, an act was passed by the Legislature of Ohio, *'to provide for the internal improvement of the State of Ohio, by navigable canals,' which is as follows : consist of three members, each of whom shall take an oath, or affirmation, well and faithfully to execute the duties required of him by law, who shall continue in their appointment six years, and which Board shall continue until the stock which shall be created, as hereinafter provided, shall be wholly paid and redeemed, and that the terms of service of the three persons first appointed, shall be so ar ranged that one of their terms of service shall expire at the end of two years, and one at the end of four years, and one at the end of six years, to be decided by lot, so that one of said Commissioners shall be appointed every two years, and shoulda vacancy happen in said Board by death, resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature, the Governor, for the time being, shall appoint a person, or persons, to fill such vacancy, until the Legislature shall actin the premises ; provided, that any of said Commissioners may be removed by joint resolution of both branches of the Legislature; and that the following persons and their successors shall constitute said Board, to wit: Ethan A. Brown, Ebenezer Buckingham, and Allen Trimble; that a majority of said Commissioners shall be a quorum for the transaction of business ; they shall superintend and manage the canal fund, and shall receive, arrange, and manage, to the best advantage, all things belonging thereto ; they shall borrow, from time to time, moneys on the credit of the State, at a rate of interest not exceeding six per centum per annum, and not exceeding, in the year eighteen hundred and twenty-five, the sum of four hundred thousand dollars, and in any succeeding year, during the progress of the work hereby contemplated, a sum which shall not exceed six hundred thousand dollars, for which moneys so to be borrowed, they shall issue transferable certificates of stock, redeemable at the pleasure of the State, at such time, between the year one thousand ay hundred and fifty and the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, as the said Commissioners of the Canal Fund may determine, to be paid out of said fund, and transferable at such place, or places, as, in the opinion of said Commissioners of the Canal Fund, shall best promote the interest of the State ; they shall pay the sums so borrowed to the Canal Commissioners, or their orders, for the purpose of making the canals hereinbefore described, under such regulations and restrictions as the Commissioners of the Canal Fund may deem necessary and proper, in order to secure the application a the ee), to the ane of the canals: * * *

Beate 8. '*That it shall be lawful for Bi said Canal Commissioners, and each of them by themselves, and by any and every superintendent, agent, or engineer employed by them, to enter upon, and take possession of, and use all and singular, any lands, waters, streams, and materials intended by this act; and to make all such canals, feeders, dykes, locks, dams, and other works and devices, as they may think proper for mak- ing such improvements, doing, nevertheless, no unnecessary damage ; and that in case any lands, waters, streams, or materials taken and appropriated, for any of the purposes aforesaid, shall not be given or granted to this State, it shall be the duty' of the Canal Commissioners, on application being made to them by the owner, or owners, of any such lands, waters, streams, or materials, to appoint, by writing, not less'than three, nor more than five, discreet, disinterested persons as appraisers, who shall, before they enter upon the duties of their appointment, severally take an oath, or affirmation, before some person authorized to administer oaths, faithfully and impartially to perform the trust and duties required of them by this act, a certificate of which oath, or affirmation, shall be filed with the Secretary of the Canal Commissioners; and it shall be the duty of said appraisers, or a majority of them, to make a just and equitable estimate and appraisal, of damage, if any, over and above the' benefit and advantage to the respective owners and proprietors, or parties interested in the premises, so required for the purposes aforesaid, and the said appraisers, or a majority of them, shall make regular entries of their determination and appraisal, with an apt and suflicient description of the several premises, appropriated for the purposes aforesaid, in «a book, or books, to be provided by the Canal Commissioners, and certify and sign their names to such entries and appraisals, ete. f "M. T. WILLIAMS, 'Speaker of the House of Representatives. 'ALLEN TRIMBLE. '*Speaker of the Senate."

**In pursuance of this act, the Board made arrangements for taking levels, and making surveys and examinations necessary to ascertain the best plan, and probable cost, of Anne that important river - -the Muskingum. Joseph Ridgeway, Jr., was accordingly Pea to proceed to the performance of this service. In this gentleman's skill the Board feels great contidence, and entertains no doubt but that his levclings and surveys are substantially correct. adopting a plan for improving the size of the river, the nature of the valley, its banks and bed, and ith connection with the Ohio river, have hesn taken into view. As the improvement of the river with that of the canal "through the valley of the Muskingum, it is of primary importance that the improvement should be such as to afford a commodious navigation, either for boats of the canal, or the steamboats of the Ohio.

steamboats of the size found most profitable for navigating the Ohio river, and construct the locks, and side cuts around the dams, of suffi-

~The channel of the river is sufficiently large for the convenient navigation of the largest steamboats, being, on an average, five hun - dred feet in breadth. The distance from Zanes-

| ville to the mouth of the river, at Marietta, following the meanderings of the river, is seventyfive miles and sixty-six chains. The amount of fall from the foot of the upper dam, at Zanesville, to the level of low-water mark at Marietta, is one hundred and four feet, and from the top of the Zanesville dam, one hundred and fifteen feet. To make slack water throughout this whole distance, if not less than four feet in depth, at the lowest stages of water, will require eleven dams across the river. The descent from: the lower dam at Zanesville, may be overcome by twelve locks, the aggregate lift of which will be one hundred and four feet.

"The lowest estimated cost of making these improvements, from the lower bridge in Zanesville to the Ohio river, including ten per cent. on the ba estimate, to cover unforeseen expenses, is $353,443.67.

olin bude to connect the navigation of the Ohio river with the canal, it will be necessary to improve the river betwen Zanesville and Dresden, by the erection of one dam across the river between these two places, and the making of a lock, to overcome the fall; together with a lock and an increase of the prez idth of the canal, at Zanesville ; the total cast of which is estimated at $56, 550.61.

'*A side cut, or branch canal, of about two and a half miles in length, from the main canal to the Muskingum, at Dresden, with three boat locks, overcoming a descent of twenty-eight feet from the canal into the river, will be necessary, to perfect the plan. The cost of this side cut will be about thirty-five thousand dollars." The contract for building this side cut was at once let, to be completed September 1, 1829.

The question of this improvement continued to be agitated until 1835, when the contracts were let, and work began. The contractors were : Josiah Spaulding, G. W. Manypenny ; Lyon, Buck & Wolf; Hosmer, Chapin & Sharp, and Arthur and James Taggert. The whole work was under the personal supervision of David Bates, civil engineer.

In 1841, the work was so far advanced as to allow the passage of boats; but it was not until a year later that the 'Muskingum Improvement' was entirely completed. The total cost was one million six hundred thousand dollars.

The revenue of the improvement is derived from tolls, similar to those collected on the Ohio Canal. The locks are located as follows: Dresden, Simms' Creek, Zanesville, Taylorsville, McConnellsville, Windsor, Luke Chute, Beverly, Lowell, Devolt, and Harmar. There are two locks at Zanesville, and a dam near each of the locks named, except at Dres-

The lock-tenders at Zanesville have been: Major Horn, Henry Bridgeman, William Stokes, and George Shrack. The latter, now seventy-five vears of age, has performed the duties faithfully, during twenty-four years past.

Tort Receipts. - The receipts during the year 1879, from tolls and water rents, on Division No. 2, of the Public Works of Ohio, which | embraces the Ohio and Hocking Canals, and the |

TonnaceE TABLE. - The following table shows the amount of business done at the Collector's office in Zanesville - the shipments and receipts - during the year 1879:

Articles. Arrived. Cleared. Barrels - Dvir Rees eae a ere a ens a 2,999 467 Pitti sence tees, ce eeses Pomicbesate cbcloweteanee 103313 Bushels - Pes Pilewieeseien Uvnaee eeu cspadaceere se aasneaes 2,545 (Coabmiinena secs: eoparecen4-e-> sae a-e 5,400 195 A AICS Mite pecan On erect eee aco ieee Rone 284,250 Pounds - PUHCR RINE, SKIDS: wconsqccntecenisae scene 60,000 TTOU, PIE OL SCLAP swaersancssess oes -ns-n<0 53,872 390,668 Wanihy INE ioteansnccoo.ceeskosenactoosei@tiocribas 7,350 555,870 NaS TOS a aghatinachbdadeerichapsbcba sop Sees 28,000 Merchandise. cserccesece icsnteacsase aces 1,413,362 5,016,300 PottersrWirel sci wsevatiseesc acces cesses 240,760 SUNG Ra carers tar sreeseenvoeeceewcccese 2,770,480 2,356,000 Number - Barrels, Gm ptvasnancccas cates spe siccenece 1,226 2,367 IB PACK cgiccned ewe Susigstdte cesicuaitee -asicarens 35,450 Hoop-poles..........ssseeees 39,090 4,000 teste ear caig scarves ccacceanciaus.duseecs 209,000 Staves and Headings..... .............- 420,000 STOEL PSS 9) Baader Persea SE 1,037,000 Feet - DRENDEN Cons tevee cseassdvstroncccn=ssteswess 558,560 188,600 | Perches - S LOnGieeokdnuacsseesoweess Siiteeetcseway eae: 828

Chapter Xxvii

The history of the railroads of the county shows them to have been powerful agencies in developing the resources, the growth, and prosperity of the industries and institutions, the march of mind, and the increase of wealth, while the increased facilities for transporting the products of the soil, other merchandise, and easy transit of passengers, seem almost too familiar to be duly appreciated. And yet, a careful contemplation of this important factor in our present civilization, shows that railways, which have inaugurated the new order of things, have rarely been beneficiaries to a degree commensurate with the outlay of money and brains required tg put them in operation and keep them up.

Live and let live, is a wholesome maxim, and, while the railroad remains our best means of transport communication, it should receive a generous patronage, at a living tariff. Of seventytwo companies in Ohio, reporting to the Commissioner of Railroads and Telegraphs, for the last fiscal year, the operating expenses were 67.45 per cent. of the receipts, and only thirteen of the seventy-two companies report paying dividends to their stock-holders.

THE CENTRAL Onto Rartroap. - On February 8th, 1847, the Legislature of Ohio passed ''an act to incorporate the Central Ohio Railroad Com- This was the pioneer railroad of the county, and its incorporators were: Robert Neil; Samuel Medary, Joel Buttles, Joseph Ridgwav, and Bela Latham, of Franklin county; David Smith, Daniel Duncan, Adam Seymour, Israel Dille, Albert Sherwood, Nathaniel B. Hogg, Levi J. Haughey, Jacob Glessner, George W. Penney, Jonathan Taylor, A. P. Prichard, and Wickliff Condit, of Licking county ; James Raguet, Robt. Mitchell, Daniel Brush, John Hamm, Solomon Sturges, Richard Stillwell, Daniel Convers, Levi Claypool, and Solomon Woods, of Muskingum county.

Authority was given to these incorporators, and their successors, to construct a single, or double, track railroad from Columbus, through Newark and Zanesville, to the Ohio river ; also, to extend it westward to the Indiana line, if desired.

March 8th. 1849, the charter was amended by conferring upon the company ali the privileges of an act regulating railroad companies, and subjecting it to the duties and liabilities therein imposed.

amended, giving to the company perpétual license to occupy its right of way, where no release had been obtained from the owner, provided the company had possessed the same peaceably for seven years, without any claim being made by the owner for compensation therefor, and '*such possession shall be prima facie, evidence that a release was granted."

In March, 1851, an agent was sent to England, with authority to purchase six thousand tons of iron rails, to complete the road to Columbus, it being supposed that the entire quantity could be delivered before the close of navigation, in the fall of 1851 ; these expectations were not realized, and it was not until March, 1852, that the entire consignment was received, although thirty-nine vessels were occupied in its transportation.

at Newark, and, on January 26th, 1852, the line between Newark and Zanesville was opened for business - *'in less than twenty-one months after the commencement of the work," as the official report boastingly asserts. Twenty-six miles of railroad, built in twenty-one months, is no achievement in modern railroad engineering, when one mile a day is frequently accomplished.

The first report of the Treasurer, showing the operations eu the road from January 26th to August Ist, 1852, for the operated line between Newark and Paice! gives the following resume :

'The President, in his report, presented at the same time, comments upon the road's prospects, when its connections east and west shall have been consummated, and of its geographical position, as commanding the best through line of.the country. He says: '*An indication of this result is already presented us, within the last few days, since the opening of trayel over the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to the Monongahela river.

We are now carrying passengers ticketed from Baltimore to Cincinnati, who, leaving the Baltimore road at Fetterman, take coaches to St. Mary's, on the Ohio river, from which place to Zanesville, by way of Marietta, they are brought in the mail steam packets of the Muskingum. If we can have through travel between B altimore and the west by so circuitous a route, what shall we not have reason to expect when the Baltimore road is finished to Wheeling, and ten hours staging only (over the National Road, which is kept in excellent condition), intervenes between the Baltimore and the Central roads?'

January 8th, 1853, the track-laying to Columbus was completed, and the road opened for business between Zanesville and Columbus. From that date to August 23d, 1853. 60,314 passengers were carried over the line.

Early in 1854, it became known that the company had contracted fora lot of rolling stock from eastern manufacturers, and on Saturday, March 25th, 1854, a mass meeting was held at Nevitt & Dixon's Hall, to protest against this action of the company. A very lengthy series of resolutions were adopted, condemning the President of the company, whose action was characterized as dishonorable in the highest degree, and the Directors were urged to solicit his resignation... Numerous speeches were made, and C. W. Potwin, Joseph Galligher, George A. Jones, William H. Ball, David Applegate, and J. Cooper were appointed a committee to prepare an address to the stock-holders. The Zanesville City Council discussed the subject, and the excitement was in- were filled with editorials and contributed matter, and some cultivated the muses by writing verses upon the all-absorbing theme. The President replied to the charges, and vindicated himself from the aspersions cast upon him - at least, in the opinion of a majority of the stock- holders of the company, if not in that of the citizens of Zanesville.

On Wednesday, April 5th, 1854, the first freight hauled over the line east of Zanesville, arrived at this city at 4 o'clock, Pp. M., and consisted of the goods of T. W. Peacock, Esq., President of the P., M. & C. Railroad Company, en route to McConnellsville.

Thursday, April 27th, 1854, the opening of the road to Cambridge was celebrated; the depot grounds at Zanesville were filled, at an early hour, with crowds of people from home and abroad. Thetwo Zanesville military companies - the City Guards and Greens - marched to the cars in full uniform, to the stirring notes of martial music, and the National colors at their head.

About 8:30, A. M., the locomotive, John Bradley, started with the train, and arrived at Cambridge in safety and on good time, where the excursionists were met with a crowd, if anything, more dense than the one they had 'left at home. It was with the greatest difficulty that sufficient space could be secured for the military to form, but it was successfully accomplished, and a pro-

On Wednesday, June 7th, 1854, the road was opened for business to Cambridge, and on November ist, succeeding, the first train of cars was run through from Columbus to Bellaire.

June igth, 1857, a contract was entered into with the Steubenville and Indiana Railroad Company to carry all the traffic that road would bring, at Columbus or Newark, over the road between these points, with the same dispatch

The company having become very much embarrassed and unable to meet its obligations, on April 21st, 1858, suit was brought in the Circuit Court of the United States, for the Southern District of Ohio, by the Trustee under one of the and sale of the road. On May ist, following, the court placed the road in the hands of Hon. J. Jewett, as Receiver, benefit of parties interested. In his report for the fiscal year, 1860-61, Mr. Jewett This line has suffered more, perhaps, in its ordinary business, from the unhappy state of things in this country, than any one west of the Ohio river. Its main dependence for a through business, to and from the east, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, has, for some months past, been wholly disabled. Until that road is again able to resume business, this cannot expect to regain the position and character of a through route, which it had enjoyed previous to the obstructions which have been interposed to the working and operating of that road."'

On March 14th, 1864, the undivided one-half of the thirty-three miles of road, between Newark and Columbus, was sold to chi Steubenville & Indiana' Railroad Company, and on August 31st, 1864, the deed for the same was executed.

A plan for the reorganization, and capitalization of the stock and debt, of the Central Ohio Railroad, having been agreed upon, in pursuance of orders of the court, a sale of the road was made March 28th, 1865, to certain Trustees, for the benefit of the parties in interest. On November 1st, 1865, the Central Ohio Railroad Company, as reorganized, was formed. To it the old company conveyed its right and franchises on November 8th, and on January 29th, 1866,

November 21st, 1866, at a meeting of the stockroad to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company was concurred in by a vote of 43,213 shares, none against, and on December tst, 1866, the Baltimore & Ohio Company began operating the road, as its Central Ohio Division. This lease was subsequently modagement of the lessee, the road has been materimproved. Its rolling stock has been increased ; wooden culverts have been replaced with stone ones, and iron bridges are being substituted tor the original wooden structures : neat and commodious passenger and ware-house ac- important points; steel] rails and the improved iron splice have taken the place of the old iron rail and chair, or wooden block, and, in its present condition, the Central Ohio Railroads and care that the Central Ohio. Company's busi- | te ah Ss equipped and most safely conness was done, and divide with that company | CMCC OAO8 1p Le je On.

CINCINNATI AND MuskincumM VALLEY RaAILroApD. - On February 4th, 1851, the Cincinnati, Wilmington & Zanesville Railroad Company was chartered, with power to construct a railroad from Cincinnati, via Wilmington, Washington, Circleville and Lancaster, to Zanesville, and, under this authority, a railroad was built from Zanesville to Morrow, in Warren county, a distance of 132 miles. where it connects with the Little Miami Railroad.

The stock subscriptions, and a large amount derived from the sales of first, second and third mortgage bonds, were expended in the construcand the company being unable to comply with the conditions

Under this, and subsequent orders of the court, the Receiver continued to operate the road until a plan of reorganization was pertected, under which, by decree, June 1oth, 1863, the court ordered the mortgaged premises, including the franchises of the company, to be sold, such sale to free the same from all debts and liabilities. In pursuance of these proceedings, a sale was made, August 27th, 1863, to Charles Moran. in trust for such creditors and stock-holders as should reorganize as a body corporate, to run and carry on the railroad under the charter. October 17th, 1863, the court confirmed the sale, and directed the Receiver to make the conveyance to the Trustee.

On March roth, 1864, the parties interested in the purchase, met at Cincinnati, and organized the Cincinnati & Zanesville Railroad Company, under the franchises of the Cincinnati, Wilming- of the original company was well vested in the new company,the Director of the former formally conveyed the same to the re-organized company.

The new company issued new bonds and new stock, and failing in the payment of its indebtedness, a bill was filed by the Trustee, under the new mortgage against the company, April 30, 1869, for the toreclosure of mortgage and sale of the road ; October 6, 1869, the Court fixed a time for payment, and in default, directed the road to be sold, the company having failed to make payment; on October 16, 1869, % an order of sale was issued, and on asemmber 1, 1869, Thomas L. Jewett purchased the mortgaged premises. property, franchises, etc., for $1,400,000, which purchase was confirmed by the Court tie succeeding | day, and the property ordered to be deeded to him. Mr. Jewett operated the road in his individual capacity until September 1, 1870, when the Cincinnati & Muskingum V alley Railway Company came into possession of the road, which company continued to operate it until May I, 1873,,when it passed into the hands of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company, under aittase for ninety-nine years from January 1, 1873, sand is operated as the Cincinnati & Muskingum 'Walley Division.

pany constructed the ''Dresden Extension." PITTSBURGH, CINCINNATI & St. Louis Ratbway - -The Steubenville & Indiana Railroad Company was chartered February 24, 1848, by the |

Legislature of Ohio, with authority to construct a railroad from Steubenville, via. Mt. Vernon,to the Indiana State line. March 12, 1849, ae charter was amended, permitting the construction of a branch road from Coshocton, via. Newark, to Columbus, provided that any company thereafter constructing a road from the Ohio river, opposite Wheeling, by specified routes, should have the right to connect such road with the Steubenville & Indiana Company, at any point in the valley of the Tuscarawas river. Permission and authority were also given, with the consent of the Virginia Legislature, to bridge the Ohio at Steubenville, to connect with eastern roads, said bridge not to obstruct navigation. Under these, and other amendatory acts, the road was constructed from Steubenville to Newark, 117 square miles, but the company becoming unable to meet its liabilities, September 2, 1859, suit was brought in the Harrison County Common Pleas Court for the foreclosure of mortgages, and sale of the road. The Court appointed Thomas L. Jewett, President of the company, Receiver,and the road was operated by him, under direction of the Court. A plan for the adjustment of the liabilities and re-organization of the company having been per- 'fected, an order was issued by the Court, Janudeeded | ary 6, 1864, directing a sale of the entire property and road of the company, lying between | Steubenville and Newark, and on February De 1864, J. Edgar Thomson, H. M. Alexander and George W. McCook. purchased it for certain mortgage creditors, for $1.908.889. This sale the ; Court did not confirm, and the road continued to be operated by the Receiver.

The Court having approved of the project to purchase one-half interest in the thirty-three miles of road owned by the Central Ohio Company, between Newark anc Columbus, that outlet was secured.

March 24, 1849, the Legislature of Pennsyl- | vania chartered the Pittsbur gh & Steubenville | Railroad Company , and on December BOs TOS | it entered into an agreement with the Western | Transportation Company, of Pennsylvania, to construct a single track railroad between ittsburgh and Steubenville, and equip and operate the same for twenty years : on March 6, 1867,this road was sold under first mortgage, and the MP ah. Handle Railway Company was incorporated to operate this line.

On March 30, 1860, the Virginia Legislature | incorporated the Halliday's Cove Railroad Com- | pany, with valuable franchises between Pittsburgh and Steubenville.

On October 1, 1865, an agreement was made between the Steubenville & Indiana, Halliday's Cove, and the Pittsburgh & Steubenville roads, to operate the three lines, extending trom Columbus, Ohio, to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, under | the name of the Pittsburgh, Columbus & Cineinnati Railroad.

the agreement, and the proper legal steps having been taken to perfect the consolidation, the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company came into existence, and subsequently absorbed the Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley road.

ZANESVILLE & SOUTHEASTERN RaAILWway. - _ The subscribers to the stock of this railway had | a meeting at their room, over McCann Bros. & | Hazlett's, October 24, 1881. The meeting was called to order by Mr. James Herdman. Mr. F. _ J. L. Blandy was elected Chairman, and John | Hoge, Esq., Secretary. By-laws and rules pre- _ scribed by Col. Churchill were adopted, and then the meeting proceeded to the election of Direc- | tors, with the following result: M. Churchill, _ James Herdman, Francis Wedge, W. A. Graham, J. W. Pinkerton, George M. Jewett, John | Whitney and Oliver Tucker, being elected.

Meeting of the Directors. - The first regular meeting of the Directors of the Zanesville & Southeastern Railway was held at their rooms, at 7 o'clock of the day of organization. Present - Messrs. M. Churchill, James Herdman, W. A. Graham, Francis Wedge, J. W. Pinkerton, John Hoge, and John Whitney, of Morgan coun- | ty. The Board organized by the election of

Amid the prosy pursuits of the historian few opportunities afford him equal pleasure to the privilege of reviewing something of the lives, the associations, the peculiarities and achievements of men who have worthily earned honored distinction on the scroll of fame, particularly as benefactors of the human family at large. In this relation it offers us pleasure to recognize the name of Dr. H. Schoene, of Zanesville, Ohio, who, together with his estimable son, J. Z. Schoene, under the firm style of Dr. H. Schoene & Son, are extensively engaged in the manufacture and circulation of a marvelous panacea for almost every ailment in life, and extensively known as Dr. Schoene's Invaluable Vegetable Pain Destroyer, the Great Ohio Liniment and Anti-Dyspeptic. The Doctor, as his name infers, is a native of Germany, where he received a liberal education, espousing citizenship under the "glorious stars and stripes" in 1849. Ever having been an apt scholar and dili- | gent student in the pursuit of botany, coupled | with the scientific application of Esculapius' art, | he has perfected an absolute miracle in the grand remedy referred to. For over thirty-five years has his Great Vegetable Pain Destroyer been before the public, and to-day stands a veritable panacea for every human ill.

The Doctor is remarkably retired and unassuming in private life, being a great reader and close student in nature's broad garden. To this may be largely ascribed the wonderful success of his great remedy, particularly as he assumes no active professional practice outside the manufacture of his specialty preparations. He also has an extensive sale for his Sure and Safe Cure for Worms, as also Dr. Schoene's: Anti-Bilious and Liver Pills, the whole of which preparations are put up with a scrupulous care and neatness absolutely unequaled by any other reliable standard preparations in America. The greatest feature with Dr. Schoene's preparations is the fact that they have never required the backing of capital, or yet been dependent upon advertising for notoriety, but in long years past have won their own renown, and engrafted themselves so thoroughly into public confidence that the demand for them, in this day, actually taxes his energies to the utmost to keep pace with the increasing demand. In comparative humble, rural seclusion, he conducts his studies, researches, and the functions of his laboratory, with the great God of Nature for his sole guide and instructor, while Providence seems to bountifully bless his labors. Well may the human family accord to him such universal confidence, and his preparations such bountiful patronage, as from past and present indications they are yet i destined to a National reputation second to no other specifics ever yet introduced to the public.

After the discussion of some private business, it was agreed that the different townships along the line must come up with their respective amounts in donations and subscriptions before any positive steps would be taken to build the road. The meeting then adjourned,subject to the call of the President.

Chapter Xxviii Agriculture And Horticulture

MUSKINGUM COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY - FIRST EXHIBITION - OHIO STATE FAIR - THE OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION - EASTERN MUSKINGUM AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY - POMOLOGY - THE MUSKINGUM COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

. Tue Muskincum County AGRICULTURAL Socizry. - This Society was organized January 21, 1848, under an Act of the Legislature 'for the encouragement of agriculture, passed February 28, 1846.

The Board of Managers, acting in conjunction with these officers, were: Caleb Hall, of Blue Rock township: Matthew Gillespie, of Springfield township; Philo Buckingham, of Wayne township; Benjamin Wheeler, of Zanesville ; Isaac Dillon, of Fall township ; all of whom are dead.

The tirst formal exhibition, or fair, under the auspices of this society, was held in the autumn of 1848, although informal exhibitions of the agricultural interests of the county, were held in two or three preceding years. There are no records in possession of the present officers of the society of its proceedings from the time of organization, until 1865. In that year, James Buckingham was President, Valentine Best was Treasurer and F. A. Seborn was Secretary.

The first exhibition of the society was held in the old Market House. The first fair grounds were situated in Springfield township, on what is now known as Luck avenue, and comprised about twenty acres of ground, the same now owned by Howard Stanberry. These grounds, proving too small, were sold, and the present beautiful and commodious tract, situate about a half mile south of the former site, on the old Cooper Mill road, was purchased, and the necessary buildings erected.

grounds made a military camp, designated 'Camp Goddard,"' in honor of General Charles B. Goddard. December 23, 1865.:the Board of Directors organized and elected the following officers :

F. A. Seborn served as Secretary continuously more than ten years, and to him, more than to any other man, is due the prosperity of the society. He originated the present method of book-keeping, which was adopted by the society.

From 1874 to 1881, the officers remained the same, except the Treasurer, Mr. Poundstone, who declined to serve, and Charles Gorsuch was elected in 1876.

At the meeting of the Directors in January, 1881, the President, John M. Lane, whose term extended into 1882, announced his intention of resigning his position in the Board, and _ his office as President (which he had filled for ten years), giving as his reason for so doing, that age precluded that active interest in the affairs of the society that he deemed necessary.

Mr. Lane was largely instrumental in clearing off the heavy indebtedness of the society ; and during his administration, the fair grounds were very greatly improved, and he left the so-. ciety in the ownership of most excellent fair

The first premium list of the society amounted to four hundred dollars. The list of premiums for 1881, aggregated nearly three thousand dollars. The premiums being increased, the society has prospered.

At the annual election of five members of the Board, September 8th, 1881, during the fair, the Directors whose terms expire in 1881, were reelected by handsome majorities.

Tim: Eastern Musxrncum AGRICULTURAL SociEry. - This Society was organized the 7th of August, 1880, and elected the following persons as oflicers :

The first fair was given September 29, 1880, on grounds near Norwich, owned by L. D. Stoner, and was well attended. The receipts were near four hundred dollars, and _ the society had a surplus of eighty-nine dollars in the Treasury, after paying all expenses.

April 23d, 1881, the society formed a stock company, for the ensuing five years, the membership paying ten dollars each, for the purposes named. The company organized with sixty-five members, and elected' the following officers :

PoMOLOGyY AND THE Muskincum County Hor- TICULTURAL Society [By JoHN GrILBERT]. - A century ago, one looking over the grand old forests of Eastern and Central Ohio, would scarcely have thought of fruit as a feature of the landscape. Once this land had been occupied by the seminomadic mound builders. They, it might have mounds, we see around us, with some fruit-bearing tree or vine, new to the region. They died and left no such sign. Pomona had planted a few grape and strawberry vines, and where she could find room had cultivated a few papaws, and had been quite generous in the distribution of nuts and blackberries, and the supply was often beyond the demand, since the squirrels and birds, and a few wandering red men, were the only customers. ;

Old Time yawned lazily under the great trees, scarcely noting the eventful days as they expanded into weeks, months, years, and ages, but about a hundred years ago, a sharp, ringing sound, an unknown voice, came echoing through the forest strongholds, which startled him as with an electric touch, and he knew instinctively that a revolution was at hand. The white man had come. He carried a rifle - an insignificant toy - but the deadly weapon, whose voice awakened Old Time, and sent a despairing shiver through the heart of the huge trunk of the lordly oak, was this invader's pitiless axe. The fire, another agency almost as destructive, was engaged as an ally, and blackened patches appeared in the woodland, in which sprang up rude cabins, shadeless and grim as the stumps about them. These clearings, ever widening as they steadily encroached upon the forest domain, grew gradually softer in their features. They bore corn and vegetables, and supported life of man and beast : but it was a homely and prosaic life. Fruit - Pomona's generous gift, the poetry ot food - was lacking. :

An eccentric philanthropist, a Santa Claus in buckskins - they called him ''Johnny Appleseed" - following the forest trails, sought out the little homesteads in Muskingum and adjoining counties. The pioneer, dimly guessing at the value of the precious seeds he gave them, planted them in the rich virgin soil, and ere long the prospective Edens had something to tempt the youthful Eves and Adams of those primitive days,

These forest openings expanded and began to touch each other. Isolated life was passing away. People reached out and grasped the hands of neighbors, and there were common interests ; the social instinct asserted itself. They coveted fruit and flowers. The horticulturist is by act, and should be by intuition, a philanthropist, as well as a_ utilitarian, with thought of pleasing his friends, as well as himself; even if he begin with a selfish end in view, his occupation and experience will develop generosity, if there is a spark of manliness in his nature. These nobler instincts led to consultations and plans, and mutual assistance for the introduction of more and better fruit, and, naturally enough, the acquisition of the apple orchard was the first thought. There was abundant room for large ones, for the old allies, the axe and the fire, had never ceased trom their warfare. The grand old forests dwindled into isolated groves, and seemed not only likely to be annihilated, but considered as a myth of le-_ gendary days. Population began to crowd against itself, even in rural life. Individual enterprises, with better facilities than of old, were introducing new varieties of fruit. The delicate peach accepted their invitation, with modest timidity, and, for her charming grace, was crowned queen of summer fruits. Sone aristocratic strawberry families, after traveling abroad and graduating in eastern pomological universities, came back, to put to shame by their magnificence, the simple charms of their rustic cousins at home. ©The accomplished French pears came over the seas and banished, by their courtly presence, the boorish roughs of the backwoods varieties. The grape fraternity, by immigration and mutual improvement association, became refined in horticultural morals. The great apple family, with a record coeval with the advent of humanity, reformed their habits, and have ceased to tempt mankind to their ruin.

Pomona was amazed at the diversity of fags and disposition of her numerous children, and in ecstacies over their varied accomplishments. She found homes in Muskingum county for every variety of fruit that can be grown in the temperate 'zone. Some are nestling on sunny hillsides, and in the warm valleys ; many more prefer the free air of the hill-tops, while some indolent springsleepers choose northern exposures for a home. The diversified scenery affords a choice for all.

Agriculture has, indeed, its poetic side. The fruit raiser is an actor in a perpetual romance. From the time of the exuberant blossoming of trees and vines, to the development and consummation of fruitage, he dwells in an elysium of beauty, fragrance, andluxury. It is not strange, therefore, that horticulture became fascinating - drawing to itself the best and most generous of the agriculturists. Although its practical working became complicated, as the vast'array of fruit varieties demanded recognition, and admission into the best circles of pomological society. Caution became necessary, to guard against the admission of vagabond adventurers, as well as to encourage respectable fruit families to settle. Thoughtful people saw the advantage of mutual help in welcoming friends and keeping out intruders. Such aid, to be permanently useful, needs organization ; hence, it was determined to form a *thorticultural society."" We will look in upon one of their meetings on a summer day. The host greets us with cordial welcome; the scene is festive. Beneath the great shade trees, on chairs, benches, and rustic seats, we meet the reverend sire, the stately matron, the middle-aged manliness, and youth in vigor, graceful maidenhood, and happy childhood. In the centre of this joyous throng i is Pomona's shrine. The tables groan with offerings. The finest of all the fruits are there, and, as if conscious objects of admiration, they look their best, in honor of their respective 'donors, and in emulation of each other. The president is affable, everybody is genial, and we are with friends, 'All questions relating to fruit raising, the best varieties, the adaptabilit of soil and climate, the dangers from insects, frost and drouth, are, from time to time, thoroughly discussed. One may learn much of the art of husbandry, as well as fruit. Meanwhile there are croquet parties, and young people find pleasant walks in shady groves, in orchards and gardens - - we need not think they waste time - good husbandry may come of that, too! In due time the great picnic feast is spread ; offerings of fruit are made, and there is no lack of tempting viands. The envious sun now seems in haste to leave us, and, unless we wish to linger with those who will prolong the festivities into the night, the time to part has come.

Among those who have give en attention to fruit growing in 'tye olden time'' were John McIntire, John Mathews, Isaac Van Horne, John Townsend, William Culbertson, Isaac Dillon, Charles Gilbert, Seth Adams, and Rev. C. Springer. Of the present day, Thomas McLees, C. Hall, Levi Scott, N. F. Claypool, James Heenan, Martin Hoosan, John Granger, and Henry Gray.

The Mulbhitigich County Horticultural Society was organized about seventeen years ago, by Messrs. Imlay, Graham, G. W. Townsend, Ai% Jacobs Moore, Dr. Hildreth and others. Mr. Imlay was the first President ;G. W. Townsend, the first Secretary.

Run In The Corporate Limits Of Zanesville

WAVERLY CONGLOMERATES AT BLACK HAND - THE STRATA OF COAL MEASURES AT HIGH HILL, MEIGS TOWNSHIP, AND IN THE VALLEY OF JONATHAN'S CREEK - NO WIDE MARKED CONGLOMERATE AT THE BASE OF THE COAL MEASURES IN MUSKINGUM COUNTY - A GREATER OR LESS DEVELOPMENT OF NEARLY EVERY COAL SEAM IN THE SECOND GEOLOGICAL DISTRICT FOUND IN MUSKINGUM COUNTY - A SEAM OF COAL UNDER PUTNAM HILL - PUTNAM HILL LIMESTONE FOUND THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY - COAL SEAM IN BRUSH CREEK TOWNSHIP FOUR FEET THICK - THE LARGEST DEPOSIT OF LIMESTONE IN NEWTONVILLE ANd VICINITY - FOSSILIFEROUS LIMESTONE IN NEWTON TOWNSHIP - MUSKINGUM COUNTY MUCH BETTER SUPPLIED WITH LIMESTONE THAN MANY COUNTIES OF. THE STATE - IRON ORE OF EXCELLENT QUALITY - DRIFT TERRACES ALONG THE BANKS OF THE MUSKINGUM - GEOLOGICAL SECTION NEAR THE FORKS OF MILL RUN IN THE CORPORATE LIMITS OF ZANESVILLE - ANALYSIS OF IRON ORE ON SLAGO'S RUN--GEOLOGICAL SECTION ON THE ADAMSVILLE ROAD - ALSO ON PUTNAM HILL - SIDERITE ORE FROM IVES' RUN, ZANESVILLE - OBSERVATIONS OF GECLOGISTS - DRIFT - -THE TERRACES IN THE OLDEN TIME - COAL FORMATION - THE PRODUCTIVE COAL MEASURES - THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON - THE PROCESS OF MAKING STEEL.

In many respects, this county is one of the most interesting in the district to the geologist. It presents a greater vertical range of strata than any other county. As we descend the valley of the Licking river, from Licking county, we find the Waverly sandstone group dipping but slightly to the southeast, probably not more than ten or twelve feet per mile, and, as a consequence of this slight dip, we find the upper member of the group which overlies the Waverly conglomerate, seen at Black Hand, extending to the neighborhood of Pleasant Valley, before it passes beneath the surface. Uponthe Logan, or Upper Waverly, rest the proper coal measures, which, from that point, extend to the eastern line of the county beyond. Bycareful measurements, we find, as we climb higher and higher in the series, that on reaching the top of High Hill, in Meigs township, we have surmounted one thousand and ninety feet of the strata of the coal measures. Another interesting fact is revealed in the valley of Jonathan's Creek, in the township of Newton, in the existence of Newtonvillé limestone, which lies at the base of the coal measures. The Newtonville limestone is the equivalent of the Maxville limestone, found at Maxville, in the southwestern part of Perry county. Itis always found resting upon the Logan or Upper Waverly, or in close proximity toit. The dip of the strata from the western edge of the coal field, in western Perry county, is so slight that even the very base of the measures has not been carried down below drainage in the deep Jonathan Creek Valley. East of the Muskingum river, the dip is greater, as seen in the coal mines. But not far from the east line of Muskingum county we find, in places, evidence of a reversed dip. If we follow the line of the Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley Railroad from the west, we find at Bremen, the Logan, or Upper Waverly strata, at the base of all the hills, while at the tunnel, east of New Lexington, we are several hundred feet up in the coal measures. From the east, in the low valley of the Moxahala, we find between the railroad and Newtonville, the Newtonville limestone, which rests upon the Upper Waverly. We thus pass upon the Upper Waverly over several hundred feet of coal measures, and down to the Waverly again. The Newtonville limestone is one of the most interesting deposits in the State. It contains many characteristic fossils, by which its equivalency with the lower carboniferous limestone of the west has been determined. Prof. Meek, who has studied the fossils, regarded them as those characterizing the Chester and St. Louis groups, of Illinois and Missouri.

There is not found, generally, any wide marked conglomerate at the base of the coal measures in Muskingum county. The conglomerate at Black Hand, which was formerly regarded as a coal measures conglomerate, proves to belong to the Waverly formation, as has been shown in former reports. This Waverly conglomerate is a |

In Muskingum county, we find, in a greater or less development, nearly every leading coal seam in the Second Geological District. Many seams, thick elsewhere, are very thin here, and in one or two instances we find seams, thin elsewhere, unusually thick here. This continuity of seams in the same geological horizons, shows how widespread were the coal-producing marshes. The lowest coal seams, of which there are three in Jackson county, of great purity and value, are represented in Muskingum county, only by the merest traces of coal. No seam of coal of much value is found until we rise in the upward series to the vicinity of the Putnam Hill limestone, under which is a seam of coal, generally thin, and often wanting altogether, but sometimes increasing to a good workable thickness. This is Mr. Porter's coal, in Hopewell township.

Putnam Hill limestone is everywhere found in the county at its proper geological horizon, and is an excellent geological guide in finding the positions of strata above and below it.

The next seam of coal above the Putnam Hill limestone, thick enough for working, is what is, in Perry county, termed the lower New Lexington seam. * * The upper New Lexington coal seam is the equivalent of the Nelsonville seam, and of the great seam at Straitsville, and in the Upper Sunday Creek Valley, having in its wide extent through southern Ohio, various fortunes of thickness and quality. Both the upper and lower New Lexington seams are mined near Zanesville.

Higher up, we find only traces of the Norris, or Middle seam, of the Sunday Creek Valley. Above this, we have, in the Alexander coal, the representative of a seam widely spread. The Alexander coal is in some places over six feet thick. In Brush Creek township, there is a seam seventy feet above the Alexander seam, which is reported to be four feet thick. In other counties a seam is found on this horizon, but it was not found elsewhere in Muskingum county. About fifty feet higher, or 120 feet above the Alexander seam, is a well defined coal seam, ever holding its true place in the series, but it is generally quite thin. This seam-is found in Guernsey county, but not in Morgan. About forty-five feet higher: is another seam thick enough to warrant mining for local use, a seam found in several counties, but generally quite thin. This is twenty-five or thirty feet below the wide-spread fossiliferous limestone, which I have called the Ames limestone, from Ames township, Athens county, where it is developed, and was first described by Dr. Hildreth, in the old Geological Reports. 'This limestone is about 140 feet below the Pomeroy seam of coal. The Pomeroy seam is thin in the southern part of Muskingum county, but itis generally seen in its horizon. This seam is to be traced to Gallia county on the southwest, and to Bellaire and Wheeling on the east, and the Pennsylvania geologists have traced it to Pittsburgh, and identified it with the

Pittsburgh and Youghiogheny seam. In western Pennsylvania, several hundred feet of strata below the Pittsburgh seam, are destitute of coal seams of practical value, and hence are called the barren coal measures. In Ohio, at least the Second Geological District, we find more or less coal inthis interval. The Nelsonville, or Straitsville seam, is 420 feet below the Pittsburgh seam, and we often find two and three valuable seams above the Nelsonville one.

About thirty feet above the Pomeroy coal, are traces in Muskingum county of another coal seam, whichis seen in several counties, but with frequent interruptions of continuity. Not far of wide range, which I have called the Cumberland, from Cumberland, Guernsey county, where it is the chief seam worked. The Cumberland seam I have traced through Athens, Morgan, Muskingum, Noble, Washington, Monroe, Guernsey and Belmont counties, and it is a seam of great importance. About 115 feet above the Cumberland seam, is one of limited thickness, but of reported good quality, found on High Hill, in Meigs township, Muskingum county. This is the highest seam found in the county, and is 945 feet above the top of the Waverly formation.

Thus we have, in thicker or thinner. development, representation, within the limits of the county, of nearly eyery important seam of coal in the coal measures of southern Ohio. Ofsome of these, as of the lower Jackson county coals, we have only hints, but these hints are very significant in showing the wide range of the ancient coal-producing marshes. As each marsh, in which the coal grew, skirted in the ancient ocean, it held its range upon a water line. As such marsh settled down below the ocean, sands and mud were deposited over it, and a new surface formed for a new.marsh. The subsidence being regular and uniform, these marshes form seams of coal which show a natural and almost necessary parallelism. y Stovali® *

The largest deposit of limestone is that at Newtonville and vicinity, which is the more interesting because it is the finest representative in Ohio of the great lower Carboniferous limestones of Illinois and Missouri. There isa fossiliferous limestone eighty feet above the Newtonville deposit in Newton township. This was mistaken by one of my assistants in 1869, for the Putnam Hill stratum, a mistake which has led to some confusion. The true Putnam Hill limestone is seventy-two feet higher. Both of these seams are found at Zanesville, (Putnam Hill, ) the lower being in the bed of the Muskingum at the mouth of the Licking river, and the upper in the Putnam Hill above the dug-way. In the eastern part of the county are other limestone seams, which are higher in the geological series. * * * Some of these limestones are more soluble under atmospheric agencies than others, hence are more valuable in their fertilizing influence upon soils. Muskingum county is much better supplied with limestone than very many counties