Elkhart County, Indiana - Topographical and Industrial, 1881 (part 2 of 11)

We, the undersigned, being desirous of forming ourselves into aa Episcopal congregation, by the name of St. James' Parish, agree to adopt and be governed by the constitution and canons of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States, and the constitution and canons of the diocese of Indiana.

This resolution was subscribed to by 30 members, who then joined in the election of their first vestry. This resulted in the appointment of Messrs. P. M. Henkel, C. B. Alderman, Geo. Howell, C. W. Stevens, Charles Edward Lawrence, Henry Pearch, Wm. B. Martin, John Graham and G. T. R. Wadleigh on the vestry. The first services were held every alternate Sunday in the Swedenborgian church, until 1S61, when Rev. C. A. Foster and the vestry succeeded in the erection of a church edifice, in which services were given regularly. The pastors of this Church in the county were: Reverends Foster, 1859; Samuel D. Pueford, 1867; Robert Charles "Wall, 1869; I. E. Wildemau. 1S70; Richard Totten. ISTl; Thomas W. Mitchell, Martin Y. V. Averill, A. E. Bishop and W. Forgus. The churches of this congregation at Elkhart, Goshen and Bristol are substantial buildings, and now claim large congregations.

The Presbyterian Church

The Presbyterian Churches of Goshen and Elkhart were organized in 1838 and 1840 respectively, the first with a congregation of 15 members, and the second with one of 10 members. The Churches of Millersburg and Bristol were subsequently organized. Theoron Depew was the first minister of the latter Church, and Rev. Mr. Cook, of Goshen, Elkhart and Millersburg. These pioneer pastors were succeeded by Rev. Messrs. Bonton, Kenzie, Johnson, H. L. Yannuj's, Edward Barr and Theoron Depew. The beautiful church of Goshen and the more extensive and costly church of Elkhart have been constructed during the pastorate of Rev. Vannuys, and reilect much credit upon the organizations.

The Catholic Church

The extensive territory of Indiana was at a very early period organized into missionary districts by the successors of the. renowned Marquette. The names of the fathers, who, after the establishment of Yincennes, pushed northward to the Indian set- tlement of Elk Heart, are now nnkuown, with the exception of the name of E.ev. James Marest, at least within the county of that name; but that thej' came and went are facts carried down by Indian tradition. Father De St. Palais, afterward Bishop of Vincennes, traveled over the county in a missionary character, at a date comparatively recent; but even of him little is remembered by the old inhabitants of the county of beautiful prairies. The Rev. Francis Cointet has left an endurable name, and may be termed the first pastor of the Catholics of Elkhart county. His successor in this mission field was the Rev. Dr. E. B. Kilroy, who, in speaking of Cointet, said that he was the first who visited Goshen, as now known, though many of his countrymen and colaborers passed over the site of that pretty little city long before the good old pioneers came to settle there, and even prior to the time when the honest Mad Anthony, Col. Jackson and other soldiers first saw those lovely prairies, on which not a few of them afterward settled. The Rev. Francis Cointet continued to be a regular visitant from Jan., ISiT to jSTov., 1854, when he succumbed to the terrible cholera, and died at Notre Dame University. Dr. Kilroy speaks of him as one peculiarly endeared to the people. " I never knew," said he, '- a more devoted missionary than he was; he lived on horseback. At Goshen he generalW accepted the hospitality of Peter Fitzpatrick, then a store-keeper there, but now one of the brothers of Notre Dame University." Dr. Kilroy took charge of the mission of Elkhart county in 1S55. Even then he would leave Notre Dame on horseback, carrying with him his vestments, and make a first halt at Elkhart, where were four Catholic families ; thence to Goshen, where 10 families generally formed the congregation.

At that time," says the Doctor, " I used to be the guest of a German, whose name has almost escaped my memory, but whose hospitality is unforgotten. I doubt not bat the name was J. Usselman. The sheriff of the county was one Charley Seeley, a fine, liberal, broad-minded, whole-souled man, who not only gave me the court-house free, bat caused the bell to be rung for mass, and very often invited me to dinner at his pleasant home. From Goshen I used to go six miles out to the home of a German family (now on the railroad route), where I would celebrate mass for a congregation of 15 persons, thence to Ligonier and Kendall ville, and returned via Plymouth. "Within two miles of Ligonier there were four or five Irish families, who, with a few educated Americans, left notliing undone to insure my comfort. The names of those good people are now forgotten bj me; but if my wishes have prevailed, their genial natures have been justly rewarded. In those days ray mission extended from Kendallville "to within 20 miles of Chicao-o, and during my travels I was often forced to sleep in nature's bed-room, the beautiful forests of Korthern Indiana. The roads were horrible then ; but for the two years which I gave to constant travel over them the fatigues of those journeys were fully compensated for by the genial welcome of my co-religionists, and people and ministers of other forms of Christianity. Indeed many men who did not thoroughly acquiesce in the teachings of the Church, attended my Sunday mass, and tlie court-houses of Goshen, Plymouth and Valparaiso were always crowded, when I preached. In fact, during those times, were it not for Protestant donations, I would not have been able to feed .my horse, so that I shall never cease to remember the many kindnesses received from the people of Goshen and its vicinity." After Dr. Kilroy left the mission of Elkhart, he was appointed president of St. Mary's University, Chicago, and daring the war for the Union, was commissioned by the great war governor, Morton, a special agent for the supervision of the sick and wounded soldiers of Indiana. Since the restoration of peace the Eev. Doctor has traveled ranch, both in the great land of his nativity, through Europe and in the Canadas. "When last at Kome the late Pope conferred on him the title of Doctor of Divinity, on account of his extensive knowledge, important services to Cliurch and State and general moral greatness. He is tlie oldest living graduate of ISTotre Dame University, and consequently a pupil of Father Badin, the first priest ordained in the U. S. For many years past Dr. Kilroy has occupied a ver}' high position among Canadian churclimen, and is at present pastor of tlie important parish of Stratford. Amid all the lienors wliich the people generally bestow on him, his thoughts oftentimes revert to Indiana - the home of his boyhood and his early missionary career. Elkhart county is well remembered bj" him, and a desire exists to visit once more a people whom he loved and a land which he admired.

Pcv. Father SchaefFer took charge of the mission of Elkhart ci.'unty immediately after liis predecessor's appointment as State agent for the care of the sick and wounded in 1S61. He, too, was a zealous missionary, and during his short connection with the people of Elkhart, made preparations for the erection of the church which now offers a place of worship to the Catholics of Goshen.

The principal members of his congregation were John Hill, J. ITsselmann, John Snllivan, Christian Engel, John Roehrig, Charles Zirwes, ilatthew Skelly, John Mulholland and Fenton Stranb. The liberal subscriptions of these men together with moneys received from members of other religious denominations formed a building fund, and within a short period a substantial brick edifice was erected at a cost of $4,500, and consecrated by Bishop Leurs, of Fort "Wayne, assisted by the Pi,ev. A. B. Oechtering, now of Mishawaka, in 1S61. The new Church and congregation merited better pastors than were given them in the immediate successors of Rev. Mr. Schaefier, nor were the people content until the appointment of Father Meisuer, now of Peru, and of the Rev. J. Quinlan, both of whom succeeded in restoring confidence and peace. Early in 1S75 the Rev. M. F. ISToll was appointed to the pastorate, and subsequently in 1S7S the Rev. H. A. Boeckelmann received the appointment, who still continues in its ministry. The Catholics of Benton, Bristol and New Paris are comprised in the Goshen congregation. Those of Millersbnrg received the same attention as was extended to their co-religionists of Elkhart and Goshen, with the exception of a period extending from 1875 to 187S, when the Rev. D. Dachmig, of Avilla, administered that portion of the mission. At present the numerous branches of the Rinck family, with the families of L. Ninor, J. Lesch, Peter Beaver, F. Koehler, - Funk and I. iSpellman form its principal membership, and have erected a church at a cost of $2,250. This advance is due to the unobtrusive, though zealous, Father Boeckelmann. During the brief term of his pastorate much has been done in the interest of the Catholics of central and southern Elkhart, and it must be a subject for congratulation to learn that both himself and the few hundred mem.- bers of his congregation possess not only the friendship, but, in many instances, receive the unqualified cooperation, of the great majority of the people of Elkhart county who are only separated from them in religious opinions. This congregation owns the cemetery of St. John's, two and one-half miles northeast of the town, but owing to the difficult approaches to it, and its distance from the church, the deceased of latter days have been consigned to mother earth in the general cemetery of Oak Ridge.

The church of St. Yincent de Paul, at Elkhart, was built during the pastorate of the Rev. A. B. Oechtering, who organized that congregation in 1867. it having been hitherto attended by the missionary priests. On Oct. 25, 1S6S, it was consecrated and religious services performed within its unfinished walls, nor was the church dedicated until Oct. 25, 18T0, when the bishop of Fort Wayne assisted by Eererends Duchmicr and Oechtering officiated. In ISToveraber, 1869, Rev. John Oechtering received charge of the cono-resation, and on his being transferred to La Porte one year later, his reverend namesake was appointed pastor, who was in turn succeeded by Eev. J. H. Qninlan in ISTl. Since that period the Rev. M. F. jS^oU and Father Kroeger have administered the mission with remarkable ability, as is evidenced by the prosperous condition of church finances and the large average attendance.

Among the church builders of more recent times are found the names of Vincent Voisnett, Denis Brophy, J. Ludwig, John Singer, August Ludwig, etc. The number of members belonging to this

The Lutherans organized in October, 1S61. at Goshen, with a membership of 10, comprising Messrs. P. M. Henkel, Adam Yeakel, Shoup, Emerick, Kemph, Pi-onnett Hope, Grosspitch. Oblinga, and M. Bartholomew. The congregation, though limited, then met with some additions, and in a short time raised a Church. The Rev. M. M. Bartholomew was made its first pastor, and continued his services for a period of six years, when he was succeeded by the Rev. John Weber, who held the pastorate for five and onehalf years, until the advent of the Rev. Geo. Schmogrow. Since his time the English Lutheran Church, with the Rev. L. M. C. Weicksell as pastor, and the Trinity Lutheran with Rev. Geo. Harter in pastoral charge, has continued the good work inaugurated here in 1S61.

Congeegatioxal Chuech

The first congregation was organized at Elkhart in April, 1S69, with Rev. L. R. Royce as pastor and 10 m.embers, viz.: Jarvis Clark, John Ellis, " Alpheus Bugbee, Mrs. Reynolds, Mrs. John Ellis, Mrs. Anne Bonnell and Mrs. E. Ellis. Three years after this organization they succeeded in raisin^' sufiicieut funds to erect a new church, and in the latter part of 1872 it was opened for the uses of worship. Since tliat period it has kept pace with the progress of other religious denominations.

Ill 1S60 the German Baptists erected their first church, seven miles southwest of Goshen. For a period of thirty years they worshiped in their dwellings, in accordance with the custom of Daniel Gripe, their first pastor. Elder Gripe appointed preachers for the Sabbath days, who would, each in his turn, discourse to the people at the house of one of the old settlers; but in 1832 Jacob Studebaker and Martin Weybright were ordained ministers, and relieved the ancient elder of much of the work which formerly devolved on him; however the old man would occasionallj' preach until, after an existence of S7 years and six months, he passed to the grave, and a year later his brethren erected the first German Baptist church within Elkhart county. This denomination possesses a large membership and 10 places of worship here.

The German Jiicthodist Church

The German Methodists have made a most remarkable progress. A few years only have elapsed since they worshiped in the most primitive churches; but now they have erected sacred edifices throughout the county singularly chaste in design and costly in construction. Their members and influence are acknowledged; but yet it is strange that the records of their organization are so scant as scarcely to leave a date on which to base their history in this county. One fact, however, is established, which is that their Church at Goshen is said to be prospering under the pastoral care of the Hev. John kSchneider.

The Mennonites

These Mennonites are peculiarly interesting, since they take very little interest in the military or political world, merely contenting themselves with whatever the earth offers, and serving a God quietly and perhaps unobtrusively. They derive their faith from Menuo Simon, a clever and ambitious man, wlio aimed at a study of Christianity, and molded his belief almost in accord with the theoretical Waldensiaus. The advent of these people to Elkhart may be set down as the year 1843, when John Smith arrived. Hoover, Henning, Strohra, C. and J. Christophel, Jacob "Wesler, Hartman. Holdeman, Moyer, Smeltzer, Shaum, Blesser and Hershey subsequently came and settled in the county previous to ISoO. Eev. D. Brenneman and others followed. The earlv meet- ing houses of the Meiinonites were of the most primitive character; but as years rolled on even they advanced a little and now claim a church or meeting-house in every township. The Amish Mennonites, though few in [lumber, have a few churches.

There are several other denominations possessing churches and meeting-houses within the county, each doubtless deserving a historical sketch, but the very little information which can be gathered regarding them precludes the possibility of a notice in this section of the county history. The reader may, however, rest assured that there is sufficient church room within the county, a large number of pastors who, evidently, cannot find a leisure hour to reply to a polite note, asking for information in the interest of their churches, and thousands of really honest men and women, whose faith is living, and whose devotion is unquestionable.

Educational

The education of the masses is tlie leading characteristic of a free country; it is the guide to national greatness and to salutary reforms. Without it the people are less than the negroes of the darker days of the Hepublic; without it man cannot sura up the blessings of liberty nor aid fully in the duties of a good citizen. Though man may be always prepared for liberty, jet he who had not an opportunity, in his earlier j^ears, to attain even the rudiments of that education which a school offers, is a dangerous man to confer liberty upon; because his animal passions are then let loose, and the educated the political reformers - who contended, and won the precious boon for him, as well as for themselves, have often reason to cry out, " 0 Liberty, what crimes are committed in thy name!" From a want of a well-organized system of education many, if not all, evils spring. The terrible forces with which the dangerous classes often threaten to annihilate the people are recruited from the haunts of ignorance and vice. All the shocking crimes which disgrace the annals of many glorious revolutions have their origin in ignorance. The hideous Parisian communist and the brutal sectionalist receive their ideas from it, and by it are urged on to these horrible deeds which darken, as it were, the enlightenment of the age. and leave a deep stain on the pages of our history. Though the secret tribunal of olden times comprised men of fair fame, the members of it were led to the perpetration of acts that to-day would merit capital punishment and consign their names to obloquy. In the dark ages such men were heroes, and ignorance worshiped them as such. In later years religious and political parties have resorted to desperate and disreputable means to assert supremacy, and so all the evils attendant on a want of education have been carried down to our time, to vicionsness. That the terrible example set by bad men has borne good fruit is evident. Look over the educational statistics of the State, and deductions may be made of a most consolatory nature. A desire exists in the hearts of even the youth to pursue a course of study which the State offers, and as j-ears grow apace this desire becomes an absolute longing until now a promise of the universality of knowledge seems to be cousum mated.

]Mr. Chamberlain, in his address in 1859, when speaking on the uses of education, said: - ''Old settlers, I cannot leave this theme, on tiiis occasion so appropriate to enforce the duties which it imposes, without urging the consideration of their paramount importance. Even eveiy motive inspired by mere grovelling selfishness, to urge no higher and nobler incentives, should induce us, now that we are passing oif the stage, to see to it that those in whom ourselves are reproduced should be qualified by every kind of useful knowledge to buffet with the world, and all the adverse events which will beset them on their journey through life. ' Riches take to themselves wings and fly away.' Therefore, for our children's sake, let us not place reliance upon riches. But useful knowledge is that food of the soul which, allied with the immortality of our being, fosters and develops all the undying energies which characterize our true nature. As onr feet are sliding from their hold on mortal life, let us then see to it, I say, that this great, first and last duty, in every iota, is faithfully fulfilled. We owe it to ourselves, we owe it to our children, we owe it to our race, we owe it to our country, we owe it to our God. Yes, I tell you., our feet are sliding, noiselessly it may be, yet, resistlessl^' as the course of time, we ai-e going, going, going. In the performance of this duty then we have no time to spare; even since our last meeting we miss some familiar faces. Where is Harris, who then was one of our number, and whose familiar voice greeted us with good cheer? His work on earth is done; and if ours is not, let us be warned to be up and doing. Where is Mather? Cut oif in the prime of life; we shall meet his ever kind and cordial greeting no more here. Where is young Defrees? An old settler indeed, born on the banks of the St. Joseph, the very year, and at the point where I first looked upon that placid emblem of the even current of his life, - the first fruits, shall I say, of the great reaper, native to our soil. Thus the boy has come and gone. And we are old settlers of a generation. Do we realize it?"

Elkhart county has from its beg-inning paid much attention to educational matters. In the foreo-oing chapters reference has been made to tlie first village school and to the industrious teachers who instructed the youthful pioneers that came hither with their parents; but here the work of years of well-directed labor unfolds itself, and shows its imnieusit}- in the number and high character of the county schools. In every city, town and village of Elkhart, progress, remarkable, unusual, magnificent, has been made. No reasonable expense has been spared to render the working of the schools perfect, and it must be a subject for congratulation to a people who made much sacrifice of time and money, to behold the result of their own earnestness in the matter, and the zeal manifested by both township and county' school officials. The following statistics show the progress of the cause of education in the county, and cannot fail to be of much interest:

Seiii-Decennial Statistics

An address delivered by Prof. Monry in 1S7S deals with the subject of school management very fully. Plis opinion on such matters is of some importance, since he has made the school a subject ot life-long study. He says:

By a complete course of study we understand that a certain fixed curriculum is to be pursued and finished by the pupils in a determined period of school life^ and as tlioroughly taught by their instructors. Referring to the Constitution of Indiana, we obtain an idea of what the trainers of that fundamental code of State law intended should constitute a common-school education. It may be expressed in brief thus: Moral, intellectual and practical, or agricultural training and improvement. The State is bound to provide for all its children the opportunity for a free and thorough education, embracing all necessary training under the above heads. Each child has a right to be instructed in a course of study comprising a sufficient range of subjects to awaken all his faculties and employ his time from tlie age of (> to 31 years. The organic laws of the State do not limit to anj' youth the acquisition of knowledge, nor fix the boundary line of mental culture. It aims rather at affording its youth full opportunity to gain all the knowledge they have the capacity to acquire. The limits of acquirement are regulated by two factors: First, the capacity of the pupil; second, the willingness of the parents to avail themselves of the opportunity offered by the State. Legislative acts have determined the least number of branches constituting a course of study, and these are enumerated in section 147 of the new school law. No person who has given the subject of education much attention will question the propriety of demanding that every child of sound mind in the State shall receive at least this limited amount of instruction. How can he be fitted to perform his duties as a citizen and voter unless he has at least this much education?

Any teacher who cannot teach these indispensable branches is not qualified to be employed in the schools of the State. The salaries of teachers are now such as to justify our demand that they should be able to teach all the Ijranches previously indicated. It is a very eucouraging feature to observe the pupils iu the rural schools advancing in their endeavors to obtain a good English education, and their appreciation of its value. In this day of enlightenment and progress wlien any one aspiring to the teacher's duties and responsibilities is so amply aided to prepare for the same, no one can say that the examination we ref^uire them to pass through is too extended or severe; in other words, that we ask too much in requiring a thorough knowledge of all the ordinary English branches. This does not keep the standard of our schools too high. In more advanced districts we often find this course of study considerably extended, algebra, geometry, botany and other kindred subjects being extensively taught. ISlor do we find that other and more ordinary branches are less thoroughly pursued in scliools where this addition is made. On the contrary, it seems to arouse the ambition of the scholars and enkindle in the school an activity which permeates and increases in value all the work done. Yet, unfortunately, many fail to obtain a competent knowledge of even those branches of study which are to a certain extent made obligatory upon the would-be teacher. Many causes mav be assigned for such failures; but, perhaps, the chief one in the greater number of cases is a lack of a systematic plan of study formed from the beginning, and pursued undeviatiugly through the school course. This should be so systematically mapped out and arranged that both the pupil and the interested parent or friend of tlie pupil may at any time perceive just what has been done and may be accomplished in a given time. Also, this course should be so arranged that each pupil may, at any time, be able to compare himself with the standard of acquirement and intelligence suitable to his age, and in comparing may see at a glance what he lacks to obtain it. This co-operation on the part of the pupil must not only constantly benefit himself, but also greatly aid the teacher in his endeavors to keep up a high standard in the school. The idea of a course of study for the country schools is a new thing, and is one of the good results of county supervision. The good already accomplished by it is most encouraging fur the future, and the teachers are becoming convinced that no school can be properly systematized without its use.

as applied to school work, simply means advancement by regular steps. This is the natural process by which the mind acquires knowledge, and any departure from ways established by the Creator entails its own penalty. But when wrong methods are employed in education the penalty is not paid by the responsible violators of its laws; the children who trust implicitly in their instructors are the suiferers. The practicability of grading rural schools has long been a question, but experience - the test which, proves or disproves the value of any system - has shown it not only possible but highly practicable and valuable in its results.

"We, indeed, now find that from any school not graded no satisfactory results can be attained. Someofourleading educators concede the possibility of attempting to establish this system in our country schools, but doubt tliat of maintaining it. True, in the rural districts many obstacles intervene to retard the good results of firstrate educational measures, yet these only pirove the necessity of having a still more efBcient system of organization in country than in city schools in order to produce equally good results. Justice requires that, as much as possible, all our youth profit equally by the advantages of our excellent school system. Since then the system of gi-ading is not only a- possible, but a perfectly practicable, one, as can be proved by its results in many Indiana schools, it should be applied to all, and the teachers and other officers, of both city and country scliools, should insist that each school be thoroughly graded, and that this system be maintained from year to year.

" Manv of our J-Tortiiern Indiana schools may be cited as illustrating the eminently good results of this system, since under its workings they have risen to a far higher state of efficiency than ever before. Teachers and patrons of our schools are unanimous in commanding its results. The necessity of gradation, or in other words, of proceeding by regular degrees, is a fundamental principle in life. "We find it established everywhere, in all business enterprise, in all mechanical pursuits, in the labors of professional men, in the ranks of our army and navy; yet nowhere is its necessitj' so imperative as in the work of the educator.

" A child proceeds from the known to the unknown, and he advances by regular steps or degrees. These steps are necessarily short, but if they are skillfully directed they will be just long enough to promote in the highest degree the best development of the learner's powers.

" A carefully arranged course of study is the first thing needful in the introduction and establishment of grades in the rural schools. This course should indicate the number and kinds of grades into which the stipulated studies will divide the pupils. Grades are not formed by dividing walls, but bj the different degrees of advancement on the part of the pupils. Therefore there may be several grades in any one department. Some fixed regulations are needful to sustain a grade when it is once established. An incoming teacher should find a perfect record left by his predecessor. This should indicate the exact grade and class to which each pupil belongs, either because of promotion or because he has failed of such promotion, and it is found necessary to leave him in lower grades and classes until he can pass satisfactory examinations. The record should further shov/ the exact page ia each study where the pupil should recommence his work. These records should be made in books, prepared for that purpose, and kept in the archives of the district for reference. Keeping these records on blank paper is simply of itself enongli to defeat the entire system of grading. It is onl}' possible to grade perfectly and to give the system a fair trial, where the school officers are willing" to do their whole duty."

During the first mouths of 18S0 maiiy of the township trustees sent in their reports, and as they have B|iecial reference to the divisions of the county, ihey may be regarded with some interest in this connection.

Middlebury Schools. - One of the school trustees, Mr. D. II. AYliite, of Middlebury, furnished to the county superintendent of schools a report under date of December, 1879. Since that period Mr. D. T. Kauffnian, the present tovv'nship trustee, furnished a statement as follows: Total number enumerated, 573; number enrolled during the month, 338; average belonging, 307; average attendance, 285 ; per cent, of attendance, 91 ; days of absence, 578 ; number neither tardy nor absent, 89; time lost by tardiness, 3i hours.

Mr. J. C. Mehl, a conscientious teacher, reported very favorably of his pupils, but was so precise in the premises that he debited himself with a period of time extending over ten minutes; yet, as he acknowledges, a rabbit was caught during those few minutes, which must be matter for congratulation to the farms and school authorities, as it was an exercising subject for himself.

The trustee of Elkhart township, Mr. Thomas Miller, furnished the following report: Total numbei' enumerated, 530; number in school iluring the mouth, 368; number belonging, 347; average daily attendance, 30f; per cent, of attendance, 90; days of absence,

This report is uiisuppleniented by any remark trora tlie teacher; but it is not to be supposed for a moment that the individual is less conscientious tlian Mr. Mehi.

Mr. Peter D. Berkey reported for liarrison township as follows: Total number enumerated, 716: number iu school during the month, -f5T; average number belouo-ing, iLiS; average daily attendance 372; per cent, of attendance. S9; days of absence, 126; number neither tardy nor absent, 90; cases of tardiness, 282; time lost by tardiness, S2 hours.

The trustee for Concord township, Mr. J. D. Gompton, gave the total enumeration, 51S; number in school during the month, 346; average belonging, 300; average daily attendance, 274; per cent, of attendance, 90; cases of tardiness, 109; days of absence, 487; number neither tardj^ nor absent. 76: time lost by tardiness, 22 hours.

Mr. Isaac Vv^isler, trustee of Locke township, reported a total enumeration, 402; numl>er in school during the month, 222; number belonging, 201; average dail}- attendance, 1S4; per cent, of attendance, 90; days of absence, 425; number neither tardy nor absent, 60: cases of tardiness, 163; time lost by tardiness, 63 hours.

The trustee o;' Cleveland township, Mr. Hiram Kantz, furnished his report as ibllows; Enumeration, 145; number in school during the month. 110; number belongirig, 114; average daily attendance, 96; per cent, of attendance, 91; days of afjsence, 250; number neither tardy nor absent, 14; cases of tardiness, S6; time lost by tardiness, 29 hours.

lii this genileman's repoi-t to the countj' superintendent he states that one of the teachers in his township failed to send in a rej:ort. vSome other tov,-nships have been backward also, so that the returns of the county are not con.iiilete.

Mr. Isaac Lamb, of York township, gives the following report, as published in February, ISSO: Total enumeration, 345; number in school daring the month. 249; number belonging, 23S; average daily attendance. 215; per cent, of attendance, 93; days of absence, 269; neither tardy nor aljsent.' 00; cases of tardiness, 100; time lost by tardiness. 39 hours.

31)1; average atteudauce, 352; per cent, of attendance, 89; absence, S70; neitliei- absent nor tardj, 93; cases of tardiness. 216; time lost by tardiness, 6i hours.

Mr. Jacob Ehart. trustee of Olive to'.vuship, reported enumera. tion. oSS; number in school, 326: number belonging. 305; attendance, 2S6; per cent.. 91; absence. 515; neither tardv nor absent, SI; cases of tardiness. 133; time lost by tardiness, 3S hours.

Osolo township schools, reported in January, ISSO, by Mr. Geo. Eich, the township trustee, show the following results: Total enumeration, 322; number in school, 116; number belonging, S5; average attendance, SI; per cent, of attendance, 90; absence, 196; neither tardy nor absent, 22; cases of tardiness, 32; time lost, 11 hours.

Mr. F. G. Koniaine, trustee for "Washington township, reported as follows: Total enameration, 1S6; number in school, 168; number belonging, 152; average attendance, 129; percent., 89; absence, i09; neither absent nor tardy, 19; cases of tardiness, 51; time lost, IS hours.

Tho trustee for Baugo, Lester Sawyer, reports a total admission of pupils to the schools of the township during the year of 292. An average attendance of 132; average number of days in which scliool was taught, 1-10; number of teachers employed, 12; and average salary, $1.-1:1 per day. The balance to credit of township school fund on Sept. 1, ISSO, is reported to be $1,089.17; the number of township institutes, 16; and the estimated value of school property is $10,100.

The schools of Benton received 111 pupils during the year ending Sept. 1, ISSO. The average daily attendance v.'as 270; the number of days on which school was taught equaled 1-40; teachers employed, 23, at an average salary of $1.56 per day. The balance to credit of scliool fund is $377.21; the number of township institutes, 7; and the estimated value of school property, $10,300. Thomas Frickett, the trustee, furnished the report.

Mr. C. Landgraver, trustee of Jackson township, reported the admission of 53S pupils to the schools during the year ending September, ISSO; number of teachers employed, 10; amount to credit of school fund, $117.71; value of school property, $13,100; and number of township institutes, S.

The trustee of Union township, Samuel Smith, reported the admission 01 606 pupils to the schools during the year ending September, ISSO; the number of teachers employed, 20; the amount on hand, $721.67; the number of institutes, 7; and the total value of school property, $13,300.

The statistics show a steady advance in the number of pupils attending the township and city schools. That great progress has been made in the art of education is evident, but amid the general improvement, many evils still exist. Graded schools do not lead in every township: there are exceptions to the industry, zeal and ability which characterize by far the greater number of teachers employed. Men v\'!io forget tlie duties they owe to their children do not render all that co-operation which is in their power, and many teachers are actually driven to lose interest in pupils who become incorrigible under home influences. In a few instances the triistees do not exercise sufficient care and earnestness in their connection with school matters, and very often this laxity on the part of men holding such important positions leads to dire results by instilling itself into the minds of instructors and pupils. It was ever thus: carelessness on the part of the old and responsible begets negligence on that of the yonng and irresponsible. An example must be set and a precedent laid down by those in authority before the governed incline to industry and all the virtues which follow it. Every man to whom this country has endeared itself must exert all the powers of both mind and body to lay down examples for youth and lead them away from the brink of that chasm, to which evil precedence and ignorance might have guided their footsteps. A. federal government, a great republic, requires the masses to be educated. Ignorance and a pure federalism cannot dwell in the same house; therefore the republic ordains that libert}' and enlightenment must progress together, and she calls mpon the true men of the land to educate! educate!

In dealing with the history of each township, the schools will have special attention bestowed upon them. This course suggests itself as the proper one, since no less than 144 buildings devoted to educational purposes have to be noticed. Ail of them are worthy of description, and many claim pre-eminence. They are iden tilled with the townsliips, and so should hold a place in township history. Consequently there is no desire to interfere with the regular order of this work, and in the observance of that order a minute sketch of the schools will hold a place in the succeeding chapters.

Long before the white man had set foot on Hoosier soil." ths wild Indian had christened the stream Bango creek, which were the -' sporting waters " for the Indian boys. It was from this creek that the township derives its name. The word Bango is but an abbreviation of the original wliich is Banbango, signifying the "devil" or the -devil river.'" The creek was thus christened because of its terribly swift cnrrent during a freshet. On such occasions, even the expert Indian dared not venture out in the raging waters^ for fear that his little bark would become unmanageable, be hurled against tiie precipitous banks, and be broken to pieces, and "big Injun'' be drowned. The whites used the name " Baubaugo" for some time, and they, thinking that it recjuired too great an amount of " wind " to speak the woi-d. concluded to modify it to their own satisfaction, which they did, omitting the former ''ban," and having it siurply " Bango."

The dates of the ;irrival of the early settlers, and of the organization of the township, and other items of history are almost buried in obscurity. The old pioneers that effected the first settlements in the midst of hundreds of wild savages of this township have long since passed off the " stage of action," and been lain beneatli the sod. According to the evidence of Mr. Daniel Richason, who is the most authentic source we have, Mr. Wm. Mote was the first, lie having settled here in 1S30. Tlie next was John McNey, who was followed by Messrs. James Davis, John Barnes, Mr. Kellog, Jacob Kupel and Wm. Hichason. Later came Azel and Horace Meads, Jacob Kupel (again), Isaac Morris and some others. The last named person remained in the township for only one year, then Vv'ent to Olive township. Messrs. Wm. Richason and James Davis erected a sav/-mill on the Baugo at Jamestown (now called Jimtown'i. This town is situated on the bank of the Baugo, on section 26; it v.-as laid out about the year 1835, by James Davis.

Opened the first store in the place. The town was almost abandoned. A brick school-house is all the building in the place that is worth mentioning. The iirst election was held in the school-house at this place in 1S36; the township was organized some time pi-evions to this. The first school-liouse in the township was bnilt of logs in Jamestown. The county chapel is the M. E. denomination, and was bnilt in ISSi by Zenas Bsldeu. It is SOx-iO feet in size, and is a very elegant and commodious structure. In 1S74 a Baptist society erected a church on section 27, at a cost of §1.700. It is surrounded with a cemetery beautifully laid off in wards.

Peesonal Sketches

The history of Baugo township will now be completed by its most interesting subject matter, namely, sketches of its j.u'incipal citizens, many of whom are pioneers whose gray hairs are monuments of the hardships and privations of frontier life.

J. V. Crawford, farmer, sec. 13; P. 0., Elkhart; was born in Licking county, 0., Oct. 20, lS3o, and is a son of James and Mary Crawford, the former a of Virginia and the latter of Pennsylvania. In 1S30 the family moved to "Wyandot county, 0., where he grew to manhood, and in 1853 came to jMoble county, this State, where he resided till lS6i; tlien came to this county, where he has since been engaged in farming andstockraising. Sept. 17, 1S57, he was married to Lucinda M., daughter of John IT. and Barbara Haines, who were natives of Pennsylvania. To this union were born 5 children, of whom 3 are living, viz.: Eustatia. John II. and Luetta. The deceased are Altha B. and Barbara E. Mrs. Crawf )rd died Sept. 9, 1871, and Mr. C. again married Feb. 13, 1873, Harriet Krieg, by whom he had 5 children, viz.: Clowe {(jhloe) A., Oliver H., Susan R., Chester C. and Ada S. Mr. C's. father was a first cousin of Col. Crawford, who was burned by the Indians on Battle Island, "Wyandot county, Ohio. Mr. C. owns a farm of 133 acres, in sec. 13, worth $75 per acre.

Leonhard Frank is a native of Germany, and was born Feb. 7, 1830. His parents were George and Margaret Frank, also natives of Germany. In 1851 he came to America, landing in jSTew York city May 17. He first located in Burlington county, Is". J., and in 1655 removed to Crawford countj-, Ohio. Here he i-emained until 1867, when he came to St. Joseph county, Ind., wliere he remained until 1879 and then came to this county, where he is engaged in farming and stock-raising, at which he has been eminently saceessful. He was married Oct. 15, 1855, to Miss Mary Conger, by whom he has had 11 children; the 8 living are: George, Emeline and Caroline (twins), Lewis, Andrew. Theresa, Katie and John. Mr. Frank owns a farm of 146 acres on sec. 11, Concord tp.

Abraham B. Soldeman was born in "\YaYne county, O., April 4, 1S34. liis parents, Christian and Christiana Holdeman, were natives of Pennsylvania. He was reared on a farm and edncated in the common schools. His educational advantac^-es were more extended than those of a great many others of that day, and we see the i-esults: 20 years spent in teaching; May i, 1S56, he married Elizabeth Weed, and had 2 children, viz : Emma (now Mrs. Frank Gire) and Warren (dec). Mrs. Eloldeman departed this life May 11, 1860, and Mr. H. again married Sept. 15, same year, Mary, daughter of Isaac and Anna Kilmer. They have had 7 children. 5 of wliomare living, viz: Abner, Anna E., Alice M.,Priscilla and Martha il.. Sarah E. (dec.) and Menno Simon (dec). Mr. Holdeman owns a fai'm of 1S5 acres, in sec. 36, worth §75 per acre. Eeligiously he is a Mennonite and politically a Eepublican.

Jolin Iloldermaro, sr., was born in Tuscarawas count}', 0., June 6, 1S12, and is a son of Jacob Holderman, of Pennsylvania. Mr. H. was reared on a fiirm. He was utterly deprived of the advantages of securing an education; from boyhood to manhood he was seen wielding tlie ax or mattock njade by his father. In 1S32 he married Charity Gulp, by whom he had S children, 2 now living, viz.: Jacobj who married Catharine Mills, and Anna, now Mrs. Solomon B. Gulp. Mrs. Holderman died about tlie year 1837, and Mr. H. ao'aiu married in 1S3S. Anna Seese, by whom he has had 12 children; 0 of these are living, viz: Christopher, who married Miranda Mace; John, v^'ho married Nancy Helms; Rachel, now Mrs. Wni. Helms; Abraham, who married Lizzie Moon ; David, who married Ella Bislioj); Tobias, who married Lovina Crater; Lovina, now Mrs. John Page; James, who married Colestia Stoner; and Sarah, now Mrs. Jeti'erson Fish. Mr. Holderman owns 170 acres of land worth $50 per acre. Politically he is a Democrat.

Fninklin Poiitioxis was born in Stark county, Ohio, June 18, 1S15, and is a son of Gabriel and Martha Poutious, who removed their family to this county in 1853. They settled on sec. 15, this tp.. where the subject of this sketch still resides, engaged in farming. He was married May 26, 1870, to Miss Sarah Ann Fortney, daughter of Joim and Anna Fortney. She was born Jan. 25, 1851. they have 2 children, Ida JS". and Martha E.

Horace liandolph was among the early pioneers of this county, having settled here in the spring of 1836. He was born in Oneida county, N. Y., Jan. 11, 1815. His ]-)arents were Abel and Phebe Kandolph, the former a native of xvew York and the latter of Massachusetts. In 1834 Mr. Pandolph went with his parents to Lenawee county. Midi., and in the fall of 1835 went to Illinois, thence to this place. Mr. Pandolph passed his youth on a farm, having access only to the common schools. Dec. 1!:', 1841, he married Polly A., daughter of John and Flora Ealing, of Xew Y'ork. They have had 5 children, of whom 4 are living: Harriet, now Mrs. Byron Majors; Edwin, married to Mary Brower; Mary A., now Mrs. Daniel Breasecker, and Walter. Seth died Jan. 19, 1872.

Mr. Randolph's companion was taken away by death, thus leaving him alone, and March 12, ISTi, he joined himself to one Mrs. Jane Beklen ^McNey), with whom he still lives. To this union have been born 3 children, of whom 2 are living, viz.: Josephine and Charles. Feb. li, 1S66, Mr. Randolph's father died, aged 70, and now sleeps with many other pioneers in the Elkhart cemetery. He was a soldier in the war of 1S12. He iled to America, but was impressed by the British, and for live years fought against the " people of his choice." On one cold winter's morning he deserted his post and took his property, \vhich consisted of a horse and sleigh, and ventured across the Sl. Lawrence on tlie ice. When some distance from shore the ice broke and his horse fell through and was drowned, but he merely escaped with his life to the free soil. He immediately enlisted in the American service and served till the war closed, which lasted only five days after his enlistment. Mr. Randolph, the subject of this sketch, now resides in Baugo tp., where he settled in 1S(3S, and is engaged in farming and rearing stock. In politics he is a Democrat.

Lester Sdioyer. farmer, sec. 25; P. O., Elkhart; was born in Portage county, Ohio, May 23, 1S32, and is a son of Levi and Caroline (Beer) Sawyer, the former a native of Vermont and the latter of Ohio. His early life was passed on a farm, receiving his education in the common schools, and qualified himself for teaching, which he follov.'ed for seven years. In lS54hecameto this county, where he has since resided, engaged in farming. Dec. 11, 1S56, he was married to Olive Y., daug'hcer of Jas. E. and Catharine Newman, of Tioga county, E". Y. They have had 5 children, 4 of whom are living, viz.: Clara E., Mina Ella, I'^ora F., Willie E. and Herbert (dec). 3Ir. Sawyer's grandfather, Asa Sawyer, was an officer in the Revolutionary war. Mrs. Sawyer's father was an early settler in this county. Mr. S. owns lO's acres of land, valued at $7, -500. Politically he is a Democrat.

Feter Stockharijer, tarmer and carpenter, sec. 15; P. O., Oceola, Ind.; was born Feb. 23, 183i, in Perry county, O., and is a son ot J ohn and Sophia Stockbarger, who were also born in Ohio. At the age of 11 years Mr. S. came with his parents to this county and settled in 'this tp., and here he was reared. His education was much limited. Oct. 29, 1S6S, he married Sarah Welch, by whom he has had 2 children, viz.: Hattie Bell and Milo Chelius. Mrs. S. was formerly the v.-ife of Amos Meach, now deceased. Mr. S's grandfather v>'as a soldier in tlie Revolution, and died at some subsequent time at the very advanced age of 102 years and 6 months. Mr. S. ov/ns lli^ acres' of land, worth $70 per acre. In politics he is a Democrat.

Sanivel J. Warner, son of John S. and Elizabeth Warner, was born in Stark county, O., July 22, ]S33. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of the countv. March 4,

1S60, he wasmarried to Mary A., daughter of Jacob C. and Nancy Pamler, of Maryland. To them were born 5 children, viz. : Charles, "Warren, Lloyd, Cora and Mattie. Mrs. Warner was born July 15, 1S3T. Mr. "W. owns a farm of lOii acres, bordering on the Elkhart river, and is worth $60 per acre. In politics he is a Democrat.

This is tu'.vnship No. 35 nortii, of range 7 east, is in the southeastern corner of the county, and coriiprises one of the finest sections of land in Northern Indiana. The surface is generally level, and the soil is a rich, sandy loam. The forests originally covering the land consisted of oak, maple, beech, poplar, etc. Elkhart river is a considerable stream running through tlie nortliern part of the ownship from east to west; Solomon creek, which takes a north westerly course and empties into Elkhart river below Benton; and Stouey creek, which runs a short distance througii the northern section of the township and empties into the Elkhart. The Elkhart aifords a good water-power, which vras improved at an early day and now gives motion to a flouring mill at Benton village, and also a saw-mill run by Messrs. Scott & Andrews.

The landscape of the township is pleasing to the view. Its thorough improvement, its well-cultivated farms, its comfortable and often elegant homesteads, its smooth roads and substantial bridges, the variety presented to the view by these, and the diversity of forest and cleared land, orchards, abounding fields, churclies, school-houses, all constitute a rural picture of rare beauty and pleasing effect as viewed by the visitor.

Tlie township was settled mostly by emigrants from the German settlements of Pennsylvania and Oiiio, and the original settlers are commonly called Pennsylvania Dutch. They are industrious and economical people, and have compelled prosperity to smile upon them out of tlie wilderness and the hardships of pioneer life. Nearly all the early settlers speak the Pennsylvania German language, and it is said that one half of the present inliabitants can talk in that tongue.

Various religious denominations are represented in the community and several church edifices show the religious zeal of the people. These are constructed substantially, and with good taste. Under the influence of these centers of religious and moral teaching the people of Benton township are remarkable for their high religious and moral character. There are five church buildings within the township, - two Methodist, one Lutheran, one Evangelical and one

Politically the votino- population of Benton is nearly equally divided between the two great leading parties. In a total number of 609 voters there is an average majority of 60 Republicans.

The first settler in Benton township was Matthew Boyd, who arrived in 1S28 and prospected that year. He removed his family to Benton in 1S29, and made a permanent settlement where the village now stands. His pre-emption certificate is dated Aug. 2. 1S31, and bears the signature of President Andrew Jackson. Mr. Boyd established a canoe ferry across Elkhart river at Benton, which he maintained for several years. Mrs. Irwin Berkeypile, a daughter of Matthew Boyd, is now the oldest inhabitant of Benton and still resides in the village. Martin Vance, Solomon Hockert, Peter Darr, Z. Bi'itler, Mr. Hire, the Ott family, John Longacre and the Juday family were among the earlier comers to Benton.

In 1S32 the village was laid out, the original town plat beingtaken from John Longacre's farm, and comprising 10 acres of land. Henry Beane laid it out. Afterward Mr. Boyd made an addition from his farm, and another was made from the farm of ilr. Samuel B. Clymer.

The first business building erected in Bentou village was that hy James Banta and Jesse D.Vail, about 1830, who kept a general stock of goods for sale to the settlers. The postofiice at Elkhart Prairie was removed to Benton in 1836, and Dr. F. W. Taylor became the first Postmaster. The first birth in Benton township was a daughter to John and Sylvia Longacre. Peter Darr built a saw-mill in Benton in 1836, and a grist-mill in 184i or '45. Dr. F. W. Taylor was the first physician in the township, settling in 1S3S. The first school-house was erected in 1836 and Henry Beane was the first teacher. The first church erected in Benton was that by the Baptist denomination in 1S3S, all the inhabitants contributing to defray the expense.

In 1S3S Pev. Geo. Boyd, a Methodist preacher, arrived in Benton and began his labors. In 1839 his eftorts resulted in a great revival, which strengthened the Methodists; and in 1845 the infant society had grown so large and influential as to be able to erect a church.

Eev. Andrew Henkel, the first Lutheran minister of Benton, came in 1847, and continued to serve the people of his faith until about 1870, when he returned to Ohio, and was succeeded by Rev. M. M. Bartholomew. During Mr. Plenkel's pastorate, and by his eftorts, the Lutheran church edifice was erected in 1853.

The first settlers of the township of Benton found the Pottawatomie Indians located in the vicinity". They had a village where Hon. John Thompson now resides. They were frequent visitors at Benton village, especially after liquor was sold there. Under the influence of fire water they would often become boisterous, and would annoy the inhabitants considerably. Mr. Thos. Longacre relates an incident, - how on one occasion a number of drunken Indians were in a saloon, and Mr. Longacre, being then a boy, was hanging about the place, when he sauntered up to a gun which one of the copper-skins had left standing against the saloon, and began caressing the weapon. The Indian did not like this familiarity with his favorite gun, and rushing at the boy, he jerked out the ramrod and began to lay it on the devoted back of young Longacre without mercy. The boy ran for his life, the Indian after him, cutting the boy's back with the cruel ramrod at every leap. The pursuit was kept up for a long way, and the boy nearly died with fright and pain. This was the favorite method with the Indians about Benton; if they could frighten women and children nearly to death they considered that their reputation for valor was coTnplete.

The Fort Wayne road passes through Benton, and this fact was an important one in the early history of the township, as it opened a means of communication east and west, - a great advantage to settlers.

The military record of Benton township is as bright as any of its contemporaries, considering its population. It sent a large number of soldiers to the front during the war of the rebellion. The citizens subject to military duty were obliged to submit to two drafts, but endured the ordeal without complaint.

In the same year (ISTT) in which the great Chicago fire occurred Benton township suffered great loss by forest conflagration. The long-continued drouth had dried the black loam and muck of the lowlands as if in a kiln, and the leaves, brush, weeds and grass were like tinder. The passing locomotives, sending out sparks that dropped upon the combustible material everywhere abounding, soon kindled fires in numerous places, and the entire surface of the township was soon threatened with sweeping destruction. The fire ran through the woods and arrived in the muck of the lowlands, uprooting trees, and causing them to fall with a succession of crashing noises that sounded dreadfully to the farmers during the livelong night. There was great danger that the town of Millersburg would be destroyed, and large companies of men were constantly on the alert to fight back the fire. It is estimated that during this friglitful time over 1,000 acres of timber were desti'oyed, and a large amount of fencing, hay and other property was consumed.

Many of the early settlers vividly remember their early pioneer experiences, and relate to the interested listener stories of life in the woods when they were hewing farms out of the wilderness. The settler usually plunged into the primeval forest, where his claim was located, often with nothing but his ax and a few household utensils to begin with. Sometimes he had an ox team, sometimes a horse and a cow. Sometimes there was nothing with which to support life but what roamed, bounded or flitted through the forest, or darted in the stream in the shape of flesh of animal or bird. The deer was the favorite source of food supply, and a common manner of making this reprisal from the forest was to hunt the animal in the night along streams by means of the boat and the torch. The deer were sometimes driven into the streams by the swarms of mosquitoes, fifty of the mild-eyed beauties often being seen huddled together in the water at once. This dilemma of the deer was the hunters' opportunity. They would get into their boats, light a flaming torch in the bow, which would, by its brightness, divert the observation of the deer from the hunters who lay low in the boat behind it. Then the craft would be allowed to float gently down the stream toward the deer that stand in the water blinking at the light, fighting oft" the mosquitoes, and all unconscious of the coming danger. When the boat had floated near enough to be within easy range, the report of the rifle would ring out, the night air would be cleft with singing balls, and one oi' more deer would be put where the sting of the myriad pests would never more torment them.

The only way of carrying the mail in the early days was on horseback, and the grist was taken to and from the mill in tlio same way. Living at long distances from each other, neighbors were more sociable and free-hearted than now, and would often visit each other, the visitors remaining with the entertainers for two days at a time. The early settlers now mourn and lament the decadence of the oldtime hospitality and liberality. There was a novel exchange currency in those days, which was neither the "money of the world " nor the money of fiat, bat was the currency of the woods, and was based on intrinsic value, namely, coon-skins." The pelts of these lovers of coon were considered good as gold, and were taken in exchange for all kinds of commodities, and the pioneer was considered a base-born wretch and no patriot if he refused a proffer of this kind of pelt.

As is common in all new timbered countrius the early settlers of Benton made sad havoc with the giants of the forest. They were mercilessly laid low witli the cleaving u.^;, and consumed by lire where they lay. Tims an enormous amount of prospective wealtli was destroyed. Cleared land the settlers must have, and they could not wait for the demand of growing cities or the coming railroad. To shov; how valuable this burned timber would now be had it been preserved, this instance is educed: James A. Koach recently sold a single walnut tree for SLOO! How many of such valuable trees were rediiced to nearly worthless ashes and went up in smoke, we can now only conjecture.

I'Ersonal Sketches

As an important part of the history of Benton township, we present biographical sketches of most of the early settlers and prominent citizens. The national character of the parties, the dates of their arrival here, the names of the members of their families and their present situation, etc., will be of the greatest interest to the community in wliich they reside, and constitute matter of the greatest, value to the historian of future times.

Melvin Alford, son of Tliram and Susannah (Adams) Alford, was born in Ohio in IS-il; his father was a native of Vermont, and of Scotch descent, and liis mother of Pennsylvania, and of English ancestry. He ^vas educated in the common schools of Ohio, and learned the business of stone and brick laying, in which he has been ver}' successful in a business point of view; has done some of the best work in the city of Goshen. April 23, 1S66, he married Loramie Beatty, and they have 1 child. Leland B., born March 4, 1S77. In 1S61 Mr. Alford enlisted in Co. I, 49th Ohio Vol. Inf., and was discharged at the close of the war in 1865. He started out as 8th Corporal and was mustered out as 2d Corporal; he was in every battle in which the army of the Cumberland engaged, under Col. Gibson, one of Ohio's greatest orators. Mr. A. was never in the hospital during the service. In politics he is a Bepublican. He has been a resident of Elkhart county most of the time since 1S65, and has followed farming for the last nine years, and also kept his other business going most of the time. He owns 104 acres of good land on sec. 1.

^;i/'i/ .l^iyi/id was boi'u in Peuiisyh'aiiia Jan. li, 1S36, son of John and Elizabetli (Rean) Alwine, of Gennaa ancestry; educated in the common school; came to Indiana with his parents in ISiS; in 1S56 he married Rebecca Mishler, and they had 2 children. Mr. Alwine's second wife was Miss Minerva Ann Platts, who bore him 3 children. He was married a tliirdtime, to Miss Mary Bangher, and by tliis marriage they had i children. Of all the children 7 are now living to cheer Mr. Alwine in his declining j'ears. In 1S7S Mr. A. left his fsirm and went into niercantile business in a hamlet called '-New Cincinnati." In politics Mr. A. is a Republican, and in religion a member of the United Brethren Church.

Dr. D. TF. Baker was born in this State Nov. 22, 1847, the son of John and Abigail (Smith) Baker, and the eldest of his father's children by his second wife. His father was a pioneer in this State, a farmer, and widely known and respected. The subject of this notice passed the days of his childhood mostly on the farm; received his education mostly in a select school at Wolf Lake, ISToble county, Ind., and his medical education in Cincinnati, in 1S71~'72; he commenced practice in Benton in 1S73, where he is at present, enjoying an enviable reputation. Pie is an nnassuming man, and permits the merit of his work to sustain him. April li, 1S67, he married Margaret Elizabeth Tuttle, and they have had 2 sons and 1 daughter. The Doctor is a Republican, and both himself and wife are members of the Church. His ne.xt younger brother, D. W., is also a practitioner of medicine, in Leesburg, Ind.

Albert J. Banta was born in lS3fi, and is a son of Albert and Mary (Bower) Banta, the former of English descent and the latter a native of Ohio, and of German ancestry. He was brought to this county when a child, by his parents, and was educated in the common schools of Elkhart county, and learned the trade of house plasterer, in which he has been very skillful. He is also a stone mason, and at present he follows farming, too, owning SO acres of land. Politically he is a Democrat. In 1862 he married Amanda Smith, and they have had 1 child, J. B., who was born in 1863.

A. W. BanUi,, Postmaster and merchant at Benton, was born in this county in 1S47, and is a son of James and Elizabeth (Jackson) Banta, the latter a daughter of Col. Jackson; was educated in the common school, the high school at Groshen and at Hillsdale (Mich.) College; has followed mercantile business here ever since he was 17 years of agei is a Republican in politics; was appointed Postmaster in 1875, and has been Trustee of his tp., in the election running ahead of his ticket by 40 votes. He owns a share in the home farm, and also a farm four miles south of Benton, besides his residence, which cost about $3,000, and the store, which is a iirst-class one for the country; he carries a stock of $8,000 to $10,000, consisting of a general assortment of fancy and staple dry goods, gents' furnishing goods, boots and shoes, hats and caps, notions, hardware, crockery, groceries, drugs and medicines, and also does a broker's business. Most of what he owns he has made hj lus owQ industry and gentleman!)' manners. March 28, 1S78, he married Emma Znllingei-, and they have had one child, named Earl Jackson, boi-n Dec. 22, 18S0. Mrs. B. is a member of the United Brethren Church, in good standing.

Inoin Berkeyjnle was born in Somerset county. Pa., in 1830, and is the son of Moses and Susannah (Fisherj Berkeypile, the former a native of jN"ew York, and both parents of English and German descent; he received his education at the common schools of his native State; has passed the most of his life as a farmer, but at present he adds to his life-long vocation that of insurance; he has 60 acres of land near Benton. He is agent for the U. B. Mutual Association, of Lebanon, Pa.; for the Prudential Mutual, of Harrjsburg, and of the Elkhart Mutual Association. In the insurance business he succeeds well. Politically he is a Republican. July 15, 1855, he married Amy E. Boyd, daughter of Matthew Boyd, the first settler in this vicinity. Tkey have had 4 sons and 2 daughters; 1 of the sons is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. B. are members of the U. B. Church.

Silas B. Blue, farmer, sec. 27; postoffice, Ligonier; was born in Allen county, Ind., in 1S4S, and is a son of William and Eebecca (Grayless) Blue, natives of Ohio, of Scotch-Irish ancestry; educated in District jS^o. 4, tliis tp. ; is of a literary turn of mind and of considerable natural ability as a writer, his contributions often a])pearing in the county papers. Doubtless, also, he would n:iake a successful *' business " man. In politics he is a Republican, and has been Supervisor, School Director, etc. ; !Mov. 8, 1868, he married Emma Miller, and they have had 2 sons, Amasa Orville and Howard Everett. Mr. and Mrs. Blue are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. B.'s parents settled in this vicinity in 1836, since which time they have witnessed many changes in the development of the country. Their daughter is the wife of Henry Snider, a native of Pennsylvania, whom she married in 1873, and they have 1 child. They, as v/ell as her parents, are all members of the M. E. Church. The subject of this sketch has two brothers, also Republicans.

Abraham Bollinger, farmer, sec. 9, was born in York county. Pa., Aug. 3, 1826, the son of Michael and Elizabeth (Treiber) Bollinger, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent; educated in the common schools of Ohio; came to this county in June, 1854, where he now owns 100 acres of laud. In 1846 he married Susannah Myers, and of their 12 children 9 are living. Mrs. B. died in 1874, and in 1879 Mr. B. married Electa, daughter of G. W. Hawkins, a pioneer of this county; she is a native of this county, and while she is a Republican in her political views, her hnsband is a Democrat; she is also a Methodist, while he is a Trustee in the Lutheran Church.

Johii D. Cordis, farmer, sec. 7; P. O. Benton; was born in Washington county, 0., in 1818, and is a son of James and Mary (Miller) Corns, the former a native of the Kevstone state and the latter of

Liverpool, En<jland. Mr. Corns was educated in tlie pioneer scboolhoiise, wliere he never saw a glass window, he arrived in Elkhart county Oct. IS, 1851, lived in Benton village 20 years, bnt for the past eight 3'ears he has lived on his farm of 60 acres, worth §80 per acre. It is one of the most fertile farms in the county. He also owns some town property. When he first started out in married life he had no means and was $150 in debt; this debt he paid by the use of the as and the grubhinL; hoe; for nine years he followed clearing and making rails; when he first came to Benton he had only $5, with wife and 3 children on his hands; but by industry, economy and the aid of his wife's counsel, he lias brought himself into comfortable circumstances. He married Miss Caroline Wise in 1811, and of their 8 children 6 are living; 3 of the sons were in the last war. In polities Mr. C. is a Eepublican.

iV. W. Dewey, farmer, sec. 5; P. 0., Millersburg; was born in this county Jan. 15, 1S52, the son of C. B. and Mary Ann (Benjamin) Dewey, natives of Ohio and of English ancestrj' ; mother was killed by a runaway tearj. He was educated in the common school in Clinton tp., this county, at the "rieasant"' school-house. In 1872 he married Mary Hoffman, and they have 3 daushters. Mr. and Mrs. D. are members of the Lutheran Church. He is a Democrat. His land comprises 53 acres.

D. W. Dinius, miller at Benton, was born Oct. 21, lSi9, in Huntington county, Ind., the son of Hirain and Hester (Eripley) Dinius, natives of Ohio and of German descent; educated in the common school in this State; learned the miller's trade, and was eight years in the employ of C. & E. Hawks, Goshen; he was brought up, however, on the farm. As a miller he has been remarkably successful. He is now running the "Benton Mills," having rented them Aug. 9, ISSO, when the}' had pretty well run down, but he has brought them up to the highest standard. Business has so increased that he now runs the mills night and day, being assisted at night by his father. In 1872 Mr. D. W. Dinius married Sarah Moore, and they have 2 sons. Politically Mi'. D. is a Kepublican.

Willia'in li. £aton, carpenter and farmer, sec. 1; P. O., Millersburg; was born in Union connty, this State, in 1835, and is a son of Samuel and Nancy (Simpson ) Eaton, of English ancestry, father a native of Yirginia, and mother of Tennessee; educated in the common schools of his native county; in 185S he married Sarah Moss, and they had 1 child, Henry M., born Aug. 11, 1860, who is now a farmer. Mrs. Eaton died in 1861, and in 1863 Mr. E. married Lucretia Allen. He owns 70 acres of good land, 50 acres of which he lias cleared of heavy timber, mostly himself. Politically he is a Pepublican, and he has been School Director in this tp. He had. three brothers in the last war, two in the 36th Inf., and the other in the 9th Cav. All three suffered wounds in battle.

English aiicesti'3% the father a natire of Yirgiriia. The subject of this Dotice was educated in the comuion schools of this county; in 187:^ he married Marv Carr, and they have 3 sons, Charles and George D. Mr. F. owns SO acres of land, and is a successful farmer; has lived in this county since 1853. Is a Republican.

John Freeland., farmer, sec. 2; P. 0., Millersburg; was born in Preston county, W. Va., Dec. 23, 1S12, the son of John and Mary (McCann'lFreeland; father a native of Maryland and of English desceirfc, and mother a native ot Pennsylvania and of German and Irish descent; educated in the log school-house in Yirginia; came to this county in 1S35, arriving with ouij^ $3.50 in his purse; obtained a start in life by working out by the month, and lately he has been offered §14,000 for his farm, which is in the suburbs of Millersburg. He has been promineutI_v identitied with the history ofthis community. In 1837, in Benton-, be married Sarah Longacre, and H of their 7 children are living; the 3 sons are married. Mrs. F. is not now living. She was a Baptist, as is also her husband.

John Gordy./iiwmcY and stock-raiser, sec. 31; P. O., Syracuse, Ind.; was born Aug. 17, 1820, in Ohio, and is the son of Wra. and Jane (Stewart) Gordy, father a native of Maryland and of English descent, and inother a native of Ireland. Mr. G. was educated mostly in thu common schools of Ohio; iias buen a farmer all his life; now has 120 acres of very valuable, well-improved land; he settled on his present estate in 1835, and is therefore one of the most prominent pioneers. Politically, he is a Pepul>lican, and in religion both he and Mrs. G. are members of the Church of God." in which he lias been Elder and Deacon. His wife, nee Mary Ann Maun, he married in 18-12, and of the S children born to them 3 sons and 2 daughters are living. The eldest son, G. W., was killed in the i.var of the rebellion, he liaving enlisted in Co. G, 48th Inft, in 1863.

Joseph R. IInwli'int< was born in this county, near Goshen. Nov. 11, 1833, sou of G. "\V. and Electa A. iSweet) Hawkins, of German descent, father a native of Pennsylvania, and mother of Ohio; they were pioneers here, but she died when the subject of this sketch was a small boy; the latter was placed in the hands of other parties, with whom he passed his early life upon a farm, without ever attending school. Learning the tanner's trade in Benton, he worked at it two years; but since 1S£8 he has run the Benton saw-mill most of the time; this mill was built in 1847. l-W early life Mr. Hawkins had a nari'ow escape from the rapacious jaws of a pack of wolves. He and his younger brother were out after the cows and got lost; when it became dark they heard the wolves, and Joseph immediately climbed a tree and helped his brother up into it by aid of his foot; the wolves soon arrived, and would not leave the place until the light of the torches borne by the anxious neighbors hunting for the lost was fully upon them.. In after years, when Mr. H. was performing his duty as Constable in arresting a felou named John Long, the culprit shot him in the side near the heart, and thus did the subject of this notice have another very narrow escape with his life.

Dec. 25, 1S54, Mr. H. married Mary J. Corns, and they have a son and a daughter, namely: George Fremont, born in 1S-t6, and Cynthia Viola, born in 1863. in 1S65 Mr. H. enlisted in the 152d Ind. Yol. Inft., Co. A, and was discharged at the close of the war. Politicallj-, he is a Republican, and was once a Constable for 15 years. Mrs. H. is a member of the M. E. Church.

Tilin.an. mih/sh. {a.Ymev and stock-raiser, and musician, sec. 2; P. O., Millersburg; was born in -Juniata county. Pa., Feb. 9. 1S33, a son of Peter and Catharine (Weller) Hilbish, both of German descent, the former of whom was born near Philadelphia in 1797, and died July 13, 1S5S; was brought up on a farm, attended school but little, though by perseverance he educated himself so as to be able to teach school, which he did two terms, to the satisfaction of his patrons; he studied his books nights and at odd intervals, while he was the eldest of the children and had to work hard. He early exhibited a faculty for excellence in music, which he has duly cultivated until he now ranks as the best musician in Elkhart county ; he has composed several pieces; excels also in teaching mnsic, both vocal and instrumental; lias a fine library on musical science, and by taking the chief musical periodicals of the day he keeps himself posted in the modern progress of that science; he can play ujion various musical instruments of the day, his favorite being a combination organ; the one in his possession is one of the best.

In l.SoT' Mr. Hilbish married Miss Melissa, daughter of John and Catharine (Summy) McBride, the former of Scotch-Irish descent and the latter of German, and they have 10 children, namely: Frances, Amma, Lowell, Miron, Leighton. Kalpli. Celestia, Effie, Willard, Minnie and Orplia.

When Mr. H. commenced in life he had Init little means except his good sense and physical capacity, and by these he has accumulated considerable property. He owns about 1,500 acres of land, raises and sells cattle, hogs and sheep. He is careful and cautious in all his transactions, strictly honest, and is therefore one of the most influential citizens of the county. He is a member of the Keformed Church, and Mrs. H. is a member of the M. E. Church.

It is said by those personally acquainted with him for years that he is not only a kind and affectionate husband and father, but that he is also genial, kind and hospitable to those who visit his house, and that his kindness extends to those who are in his employ, and that kindness even extends in a remarkaljle degree to his dumb brutes, especially his horses, of which he has some very fine specimens. It is also said by those best acquainted with him, that he is not only strictly honest in all his dealings with his fellow men, but

David Hire, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 26; P. 0., Ligonier; was born in this countj' in lSi2, and is a son of John and Mary (Blue) Hire, natives of Ohio, and father of German ancestry; educated in the common school in this tp!, in District No. i; in 186T he married Rachel Knox, and the)' have 2 sons and 1 daughter,, namely: George Anderson, Linval Justin and I^ettie Ennola. Mr. and Mrs. Hire are both members of the M. E. Church, and he is a prominent Kepublican, competent for almost any office in the county. He owns SO acres of good land, but he is still somewhat in debt. He is an industrious, liberal man. In 1862 he enlisted in Co. I, Tlth Ind. Vol. Inf and was discharged in 1865. He was in the battles of Jonesboro, Mission Ridge, etc.

Jesse Hire, farmer, sec. 13; P. O., Ligonier; was born in Ross county, Ohio, Jan. 21, 1811, the son of Randolph and Mary Ann (Iman) Hire; when of age he settled in this tp., at the same time with his parents and shortly after his first marriage, iu 1832. At this time he had nothing with which to mate a start in life except the ability and disposition of himself and young wife to be industrious and economical; he was even barefoot, had not sufficient clothing, and only five cents in money. The first two years he worked at digging and walling wells, whenever he could find that kind of work to do, and during the spare time he followed hunting and fishing. In this way he began to accumulate a little, and after awhile, by the aid of other occasional odd jobs, he obtained money enough to commence to buy and feed stock; the stock was brought to him, instead of his going after it, as the business was considered a good one, and his reputation outstripped that of all competitors. The neighbors brought along their stock especially about tax-paying time, and if Mr. Hire was away from home they would leave their stock in his cattle yard: afterward, sometimes after many days, Mr. Hire would pay them, setting his own price, and they were always satisfied.

Mr. Hire had but a few days' school education in his life, but he is a successful farmer and business man. At onetime he owned 400 acres of good land, and he says he has cleared 200 acres of heavily timbered land by himself He has given land to his children, and he now owns 2i0 acres, on sec. 13, where he has lived i6 years. He is the father of 14 children. 10 of whom are living. He has been married three times, and by his first wife he had 4 children, by his second wife 8, and by his third 2. In politics Mr. H. is a Democrat, having cast his first vote for Gen. Jackson.

Baltzer Juclay, a prominent pioneer, was born in Preble county, Ohio, in ISIS, the son of Heni-y and Elizabeth (Butt) Juday, natives of Rockingham county, Va., and of English and German descent; educated in the common schools of this State, having emigrated here in 1S36. He is one of the few who are admitted to the county fair free on the ground of having been a resident of this county for iO years. In 18i3 he married Ann Price, and they had 2 children. 1 of whom is living. Mrs. J. died in 1815, and Mr. Juday in 1S48 married Elizabeth Heltzei, and they had 5 children. She died, and Mr. J. subsequently married his present wife, by whom he has had 11 children. The parents are members of the Christian Church, and Mr. J. in politics is a Democrat. The pioneer experiences of Mr. Juday are many, and for an outline of those which are characteristic we must refer the reader to other parts of this volume, where many pages are devoted to the subject. Residence, sec. 13; P. O., Ligonier.

John M. Juday, firmer, sec. 20 ; P. 0., Syracuse ; was born in 1838 on the section where he now resides, and is a son of Michael and Margaret A. (Brenner) Juday, of German ancestry. In 1867 he was married to Margaret A. Miller, and they have had one son, "Warren C who was born June 15, 1869. Mrs. M. is the daughter of Wm. Miller, and was born in this State in 1841:. She is an intelligent lad}*. Both herself and husband are advocates of Republican principles, and he has always voted with the Republican party. He is a member of the Q. B. Church. In business matters he has been successful, and he now owns 87 acres of land worth $.50 an acre. His fathei- died Dec. 30, 1872, and his mother is still living.

Dr. S. £. Kijler. deceased, was born in 1806, in Frederick county, Md., the son of Jacob and Ruth (Brown) Kyler, father of German and mother of German aud Irish descent; educated in the high school at Xenia; studied medicine in Bellbrook, 0., with Dr. Bell; earned his way by teaching school and splitting rails; commenced practice in Benton in 1838, being the first physician here. In 1838 he married Susan Ann Coy, a daughter of Henry Coy, of Ohio, and was born in Greene county, that State, of German ancestry; they had 2 sons and 2 daughters. Darwin, the eldest son, was killed in the war of the rebellion, at the battle of Jonesboro; he had enlisted in the 71:th Ind. Vol, Inf , Co. I. William B., the second son, is married and living in Benton. The daughters, Mary J. and Fannie M., are living with their mother on the farm of 57 acres adjoining Benton. In religious belief Dr. Kyler was a Universalist; Mrs. K. is a member of the Reformed Church, and the daughters are Methodists. The Doctor was a Whig until the organization of the Republican party, since which time he acted with this party. The public oftices which he held were those of Tp. Trustee and Overseer of the Poor. At the time of his death, m 1877, he was the oldest practicing phj'sician in the county.

ArcftS^innison ws-ihom in Virginia in 1816, the son of Mark and Nancy (Davis) Kinnison. natives of the -- Old Dominion," the father of English-Irish and tlie mother of Scotch-Irish descent; educated in the common schools of his native State; in 181:2 he married Charlotte Wood, and thej' have had 4 sous, all of whom are now living. In 1877 Mr. K. and his sun Ewin went to Europe and visited Scotland. France and Germany: Willis also spent a short time there the same year. Mr. Kinnison came to this county in 1833. and has ever since followed farming with success; he has given his sons 650 acres of land, and he still owns 150 acres. Two sons are married and living in ISToble county, lud., and two are unmarried and living on sec. 22. Mr. K. and all his sons are Eepublicans.

Joshua Kltson, farmer, sec. 26; P. O., Ligonier; was born in Ohio in 1S17, and is a son of Afford and Elizabeth (Row) Kitson, natives of Ohio and of English and German descent; educated in the common schools of Ohio and Indiana; settled in this tp. in 1861. In ISTl he married Melinda Hire, and they have 2 sons and 1 daughter. Mrs. K. is a member of the M. E. Church. In politics Mr. K. is a Democrat. In business aiiairs he has been remarkably successful. He owns 160 acres of land, most of which is in a high sta'e of cultivation.

William Koonce was born in Virginia in 1620, the son of Michael and Susannah (Miller) Ivoonce, natives of Yirginia, and of German descent ; educated in the old-fashioned log school-house; was married in ISifJ to Catharine Christe, and they have had 3 children, all of whom are living, 1 daughter at home. Mr. Iv. is a farmer, now owning 80 acres of land, and was getting along well with his vocation until he was taken sick some years ago ; for about a year now he has been bed-fast. He reads considerabl}', is an intelligent man and is a Republican. He and his wife are both members of the M. E. Church. Mr. Koonce was a resident here when coon-skins were legal tender for all debts, and when it was impossible for man to exist without the deer and coons and other animals of the forest, which they could kill and eat. Then people went to mill on horseback; the mails were carried also on horseback, and there were no wagon roads.

WiUiara Long, farmer, sec. 10; P. O., Millersburg; was born in Pennsylvania and brought up in Wayne county, 0., from the age of seven until the year 1865; he is a son of Jacob and Ann (Sasden) Long, natives also of the Keystone State, father of German and mother of Irish descent. Both of Mr. Long's grandfathers v^-ere in the war of the Revolution, rie was educated in the common schools of Ohio; is a natural mechanic and can turn his hand to almost anything. His first marriage was to Sarah A. Ewalt. Sept. 28, 1858, and they had 6 children; she died in 18 - . His second marriage was in .Vpril, IS - , to Susan Muldoon, by whom he has had 7 children. He came to Elkhart county Oct. 12, 1S6S. settling on sec. 10, this tp.. where he still resides. In 1878 his house and household furniture were destroyed by fire. He owns 176 acres ot land and other property, all of which he has made by his own exertions. He is just completing a new house, at a cost of $2,500. He is of a literary turn of mind, and is especially posted in law. He has practiced at the Bar. particularly in Allen county, with more than average success.

Thomas Longacre, blacksmith in Benton, was bora in tliis county in 1831, and is the son of John and Sylva (^Hayes) Long-acre, natives of Virginia, and of German descent; educated in the conimon schools; married in 1S58 to Mai-y Ann "Willis, and they have had 2 boys and 3 daughters. Mr. L. is a Republican, and has held the ofBce of Assessor six terms. During the war he enlisted in the 152d Ind. Yol. Inf., Co. A, and was discharged at the close of the war. His father was Captain of the militia in Tennessee in an early day; he came to this county in 1829. and was a member of the militia company here; he served six months in an Indian war. He was a prominent man in his day; was Tp. Trustee several years, and in politics was a Jackson Democrat.

Luckey, jr., farmer, sec. 25; P. O. Ligonier, Ind.; was born in 1838 in Pennsylvania, the son of James and Sophia (Tervis) Luckey, natives of Virginia, father of Irish descent, and mother of " American " and Indian, being a descendant of Pocaliontas. Mr. Luckey, the subject of this sketch, was educated m the common schools; came to this county in 1836. April 14, 1869, he married EosaTina Barbra, and they have had 3 sons and 1 daughter, namely: John B.. born March 1. 1870; William T., Aug. 2, 1872; George W., Feb. 27, 1876; and Eertha J., Sept. 22, 1878. Mrs. Luckey was born in German)' in 18-14, and was brought to this country \rj her parents, who settled in Ohio, and came to Indiana in 1853. Mrs. L. speaks the German as well as the English. In 1862 Mr. Luckey enlisted in Co. I, 74th Ind. Vol. Inf.', and was discharged in 1865; during the time he was appointed a non-commissioned officer but refused to serve. He was in every battle in which his regiment was engaged; was with Sherman on his grand march to the sea; was shot in the hand at Chickamauga. Politically he is a Democrat. In farming he has been moderately successful; now owns SO acres of land. Mr. Lucke3-'s father was an early settler in this county and a prominent man in his day. He had a finished classical education ; was a successfnl teacher many years, and was also a practical surveyor. He was prevailed upon to run for the office of County Surveyor in 1861, which year he died, aged 77 years. He had also been a soldier in the war of 1812.

Jacob MoUutt^ farmer, sec. 12; P. 0. Ligonier; was born in Ohio, 1814, and is tlie son of Alexander and Elizabeth (Tillman') McITutt, natives of Tennessee, father of Irish and mother of German descent; educated in the log school-house of pioneer times, in Preble county, O.; in 1833 he married Sarah Price, and they have 2 sons and 1 daughter. Mr. MciN^utt came to Noble county. Ind. , settling near wliere he now resides in 1834, and 11 years ago he moved to sec. 12, his present residence, where he owns 157 acres of land. He remembers when tliis part of Indiana was little more than an unbroken wilderness, and when he saw sometimes as many as 50 deer in one herd. Politically he is a Democrat. Mrs. MclN'utt is a m_ember of the Christian Church.

Michael F. Myers, farmer, was born in Montgomery county. O., Nov. 16, 1839, the son of Michael and Elizabeth (Frantz) Mye'rs, of German descent, father a native of Maryland, mother of Virginia; educated in the common schools of Ohio. June 26, ISTO, he married Cynthia Biake, and they have 2 daughters, Lilly M. and Matilda. Mr. Myers owns 160 acres of land, and has been a successful farmer. Politically he is a Republican.

Samuel Ott, one of the oldest citizens of Benton tp., was born in Preble county, O.. Dec. 5, 1S09, son of Frederick and Katie (Beard) Ott, natives of Virginia, and of German descent; educated in the frontier school-house; in 1S31 he moved to this county and commenced to improve a quarter section of land, where he lias ever since resided. He has seen the country about him grow from a wilderness, with but here and there a settler, blossom into fruitful fields and support a dense, civilized community. In 1832 he married Miss Anna Rookstool, and they had S children, 6 of whom are now living. Mrs. Ott died in 1866, a member of the Evangelical Church, of which denomination Mr. Oct is also a member. In political matters he is a Republican, and is a man highly esteemed in his community.

Thomas Prlekett was liorn in tliis county in 1833, and is the son of Jacob and Thirza (Pindell) Prickett, natives of Virginia, and of English ancestry; educated in tlie common school; in 186i he married Martha M. I)arr, and they have had 5 children, all of whom are living. Mr. P's. occupation has been farming, but he has run a saw-mill for the last 12 years. In politics he is a Republican; is Tp. Trustee. Mr. Prickett enlisted in Co. E, 29th Inf., in July, 1861; was transferred to the 9th Inf. before he was mustered in; Dec. 12, 1861, he was elected Orderly Sergeant March 3, 1863, 2d Lieutenant; and Sept. 20, 1863, was prom.oted 1st Lieutenant, which position lie resigned the iiext year on account of business at home.

Daniel Rex was born in CMnciunati, O., in 1815, the son of John and Nancy (Wliistler) Res, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent; was educated in the common schools of Ohio, and was married comparatively early in life to Delilah Vittle, and of the 11 children subsequently born to them 7 are living, 2 sons and 5 daughters, the eldest of whom, Sarah Jane, is the wife of Mr. Jonas Frantz, of Goshen. Mr. R. is not a member of any religious denomination; politically he is a Democrat. He owns a farm of 160 acres of land, and in his business has been iinancially successful.