Elkhart County, Indiana - Topographical and Industrial, 1881 (part 5 of 11)

At the mill, which is located on the hydraulic, a force numbering from 1.5 to 20 hands is usually employed, and though the business of the mill and yard is chiefiy the supplying of a local demand, it has assumed large proportions. The members of the firm have worked faithfully and well toward tlie upbuilding of this business) and they have deserved credit for what they have accomplished.

The Phcenix Planing Mill

Along the hydraulic are grouped the most important of the manufacturing industries of the city, and as one of the " brotherhood of producers " we name the Phcenix Planing Mill and sash, door and blind factory. The "Phoenix" is appropriately christened, too, for, like the fabled bird of mythology, it arose from its own ashes, the mill, or its predecessor, rather, having been burned.

The business was established in 1869 by the firm ofGore& Vanderlip; in 1S73 the firm became Gore & "Wright, which was succeeded by Gore & Yfright Bros.; and the 1st of January the present firm style was assumed, the co-partners being James K. Gore and F. "W. Wright.

Mr. Gore came here in 1856 from Cold Springs, N. T. He was a machinist by trade, and now for 10 years has been actively connected with our manufacturing industries. Mr. Wright is also a ISTew Yorker by birth - from Whitehall. Both gentlemen are " workers," and the success that has followed their efforts is attributable directly to themselves rather than to extraneous circumstances.

The market for their wares is largely local, but the trade has developed very much. Since the fire new machinery throughout has been placed in the mill, and it is now one of the most completely equipped establishments of its kind in this portion of the State. Punning full, the force employed usually numbers from 13 to 15, and the general business done is the best evidence of the popularity of the proprietors, and the genuine character of workmanship.

Elkhart Steam Marble Works

Fourteen years ago N. P. Doty happened in Elkhart. He believed he saw an opening in the marble business, telegraphed his brother, D. M. Doty, to " come on," and soon after the firm of Doty Bros, was formed. These gentlemen were young men ; they had had, at that time, 10 years or more experience as practical marble cutters, and they believed in themselves. They had no competing firms in the city.

The evidences they gave of their skill attracted attention; their business grew, and in 1870 they found it necessary to introduce steam-power for the cutting of marble for slabs and shafts, and for shaping pedestals. Although the only dealers here they have had to contend against competition from all the surrounding country, by no means having a monopoly ; every particle of success they have attained has been won by hard work and close endeavor.

The visitor to Grace Lawn Cemetery will note, among other exquisite evidences of the firm's skill, the handsome monuments erected over the graves of Mr. J03', of Dr. Henry and of little Katie Tucker, as well as almost innumerable others, and throughout JSTorthern Indiana and Southern Michigan the}' have marked many a grave with tokens more or less costly.

Foundky And Machine Shop

The early history of this foundry is obscure indeed; the concern passed through a number of changes in proprietorship, but the present firm, composed of Harvey Little and Wm. Forward, has been operating it for three years. Mr. Little came here from Mishawaka 17 years ago; there and at South Bend he had been connected with a similar line of manufactures; for 40 years he has been engaged in the business, 26 years as a proprietor. Mr. Forward has been here abont the same number of years; he, like Mr. Little, is a practical molder and has had a life- time experience; both gentlemen are workers, devoting their whole time to the interests of the factory.

The specialty of the foundry is architectural work of all kinds, such as fronts for buildings, colniniis, etc. Their work has gone to nearly every town in JSTorthern Indiana and Southern Michigan, and every contract that has been tilled has but .added to the reputation of their works. A specialty is also made of repairs of all kinds, and also of the construction of mill work; the firm completed the new machinery for the pulp mill here. Beautifully designed and executed ircm fences and I'ailings also form another specialty; indeed a general range of work is done, and the shops comprise an interest that we could illy spare from Elkhart. A force ranging from 10 men upward is employed, and under careful management the enterprise accomplishes its part toward still further developing the manufacturing interests of the city.

The Thompson Automatic Windmills

factory gives employment to four artisans, two mill-constructors, and 20 tra^^elin;^ salesmen. The value of manufactured goods from the date of establishment to the close of the year may be set down at $10,000, but a much larger trade is anticipated for 1881 on account of new mill, patented Sept. 23, 1880, by Mr. Thompson, and known as "The Thompson Automatic." This will doubtless supersede all the old contrivances in this connection, and together with creating a new era in the manufacture of windmills, will also tend to increase the trade of the firm.

The Eagle Knitting Factokt

was established in 1877 by Messrs. Quaife & Thompson. In February, 1878, the firm was incorporated as a limited liability company under the laws of the State, with W. H. Quaife as president, and L. A. Thompson as secretary and treasurer. The capital stock was then fixed at $10,000; but being reorganized in February, 1880, the capital stock was increased to $30,000, and J. M. Hughes appointed treasurer, L. A. Thompson secretar}', and W. H. Quaife president. The value of maciiinery is over $10,000. The factory entered upon its career witli a force of 10 hands; after the first reorganization in 1S7S, 35 were employed, and toward the close of the year 1880 the work engaged no less than 200 hands. The value of goods manufactured during the first 12 months of its existence was $18,000, and that of sales effected during the year ending October, 1880, equaled $125,000. The power used is steam, and the machinery specially adapted to the work; automatic measuring attachments and all the improved mechanisms known for producing the best and most uniform goods have been requisitioned. A steam finishing macliine, constructed specially for the company, gives to the goods a superior finish and gloss, and contributes much to insure a full patronage. The factory is well organized, order is observed in every department, and the employes are treated in a humane manner. In a word, it is a credit to the city and its projectors.

The Elkhart Knittimg Factory

is situated at the northwest corner of Pigeon and Main streets. Like its competitor, it gives employment to a large number of hands; but being a more modern institution does not approach it in trade or organization. Among its projectors were Messrs. S. S. Strong and Jacob Mandler. There is room enough in the city for these industrial establishments. The good they may accomplish in a commercial sense is incalculable; but there remains a moral good to be brought round, and this rests entirely upon the thorough discipline of the persons employed during the hours of labor, and the establishment of well-ordered reading and recreation rooms wherein the girls may spend their leisure hours. The first duty pertains to proprietors, the second to the citizens.

In February, 1876, E. E. Tiedemann and E. M. Winchester associated themselves together under the name of the W. & T. Cigar Company and began the manufacture of cigars and tobacco. It was a new enterprise in the city - at least no similar establishment of any magnitude had ever been conducted here, but from the outset its success has been assured. The co-partners were workers; they had an ambition to build up a large and remunerative business, and they have gone at it in the right way. Mr. Tiedemann is a practical cigar manufacturer and has general charge of the factory proper, while Mr. Winchester attends to the buying of stock and the sales department. He is familiar with the business, having been connected with it a long time; buys his wrappers direct from tobacco growers in Connecticut, with many of the more prominent of which he is well acquainted; is equally careful as to all the stock purchased, and the result is that the company is putting upon the market a line of cigars tliat are, in point of excellence and price, unsurpassed.

The business of the factory was established 11 years ago by Mr. E. D. Foster, a native of New York, who came here from Ohio 17 years ago. He has been variously employed since then; a part of tlie time he was engaged in blacksmithing, but for the' past 11 years carriage-making has occupied his time. The present firm was formed si.x years ago last March, succeeding to E. D. Foster & Son.

The increase in business late years may be well illustrated by the following statement of fact: Eleven years ago Mr. Foster's cash capital did not exceed $60 ; with that beggarly amount he entered what has since proved to be competition witii the leading carriage factories of the country. Instead of the small shops and limited facilities of then we find the firm now occupying roomy and con- venient shops, the main building bein^; two floors, bricli and stone, 90x21 feet. Two other buildings are also used, each about .20x30 feet, one having varnish and tinishing departments above and repositoi-y below, the other a repository for unfinished work and for storage of lumber. When running full the factory employs from 20 to 25 men. For the past few years the business has doubled its proportions every year, and the trade, while to a great extent local, reaches to points as far away as Missouri, Minnesota and Iowa.

The members of this firm have gained a high position in the world of mannfactui-es. For a number of years thay have been extensively engaged in the construction of vehicles, and now employ from 60 to SO naen. Their carriages and buggies are well built, and deserve the large patronage which has been accorded the company.

The Akisjian Saw-Mill

may be considered a relic of the past. A portion of it comprises the old mill of the village of Pulaski, and if a continuance of the present prosperous condition of its trade can be hoped for the old mill-wheels may tnrn on foi^ever.

The Boss Ekick Factory

The factory now operated by J. K. Boss was established in 1S71. The owner is a native of Switzerland, 1int coming here direct entered one of the old brick yards, and worked his way upward from an employe to the proprietorship of a great industry. In 1871 he employed 10 men, but since he has added valuable machinery and steam-power, valued at $3,000, employs 15 men, and thus rendered his factory capable of producing 3,000,000 brick per half year. The perforated brick made by J. W. Penfell's brick and tile machine, have brought the name of the maker under public notice, and insure for the factory a growing patronage.

established in the fall of ISSO, has in the course of a few months built up an extensive trade, and gives promise of taking an important place among the industrial establishments of the city.

is another product of these busy times. The company was organized in lS7S-'79, and since the establishment of their works a steady trade has been maintained.

Tue Press Of Elkhart City

Reference has been made to the Review in the history of the county; but since it is the design of township history to treat local industries fnlly, a further notice of C. H. Chase's literary and business enterprise will be in place, particularly because it is so intimately associated with Concord township and the progressive city of Elkhart.

The Elkhart WeeMy lievieiu is solely the work of the present editor of the only daily journal in the county. Over 20 years ago, 1S59, Mr. Chase sent on one of his friends, John S. Weller, to project a paper, with instructions to style it the Review, in perpetuation of the name of a journal with which he was formerly connected at Cleveland, Ohio. The directions of the principal were faithfully carried out, so that within a few months, when he had closed a course of honorable labor in the East, he came to Elkhart city, took possession of the editorial chair, and through a long course of years held it with honor to himself and profit, indirect but certain, to the community with whom he cast his fortunes. Durin<r the first year of its publication Mr. Weller retired from the paper, and until 1865 it was conducted solely by its projector, when Mr. B. Mattingly became part proprietor and remained so until the fall ot 1S66. He was succeeded by Geo. S. Chase, a brother of the first, wiio remained with him until 1871, when Mr. A. P. Kent bought his interest and has since been continuously proprietor with Mr. Chase, the firm being known as Chase & Kent. In 1872 these gentlemen entered upon the publication of the Elkhart Evening lievieio, and from that period to the present the journal, its patrons and the city grew up together, until now they are so closely allied to each other that when one of the three branches moves forward the other two follow, and thus march steadily onward to the goal of prosperity. The otfice of this journal is situated on West Jaclcson street, over the postoffice. It is replete in all its departments. The editorial room may be considered by many a little too limited in extent, but for convenience it is admirably adapted. The newspaper composing room occupies a large, well-lighted apartment adjoining the sanctum. Its furnishings are complete, cases well filled with new type and all the suggestive paraphernalia of the chapel in the hands of experienced men and a judicious management. The job room is very extensive, and in the extent of its various fonts and the excellence of its presses may vie with many great printing establishments of the Union's cities. The neatness and dispatch with which the work of this department has been performed have won for it a high reputation, and insure its progress.

The Atmospheric-Gas Engine

This work of art is quite ia keeping with the Reviezv office. It is so constructed that gas and air, mixed in such proportions as to give a mild explosive compound, are admitted under a piston, which slides air-tight in a vertical cylinder open at the top. The compound is ignited, explodes, and the explosion drives the piston upward. The ignited gases having increased in volume, lose their heat, their pressure becomes less as the piston rises, and when it has reached the top of the cj'linder a partial vacuum is formed, and the pressure of the atmosphere makes the piston descend. The work thus done steadily by the atmosphere during the return stroke of the piston yields the driving power, which is transferred to the shaft by suitable mechanism. This utilization of the instantaneous driving power of the explosion by allowing the piston to fly up freely from it without doing other work than emptying the cylinder of air, is the basis of great economy and success of these engines. The nearest approach to this piece of mechanism is the spray engine, recently invented in Russia. The superiority of it, however, is not in the machinery, but lies solely in the fuel. This magazine of dormant energy, as we may term raw fuel, is simply the fluid refuse of petroleum oil, and after being blown into a spray by means of a jet of steam from the boiler of the engine, it is ignited inside the furnace, and burns with a roaring sheet of flame. Such a mode of combustion has several prominent advantages over the usual coal fire. It requires no stoking, and the flame can be manipulated like a jet of gas, and the steam pressure kept up to a required degree. Like the atmospheric-gas engine, it is unaccompanied with smoke or ashes; but for the purposes of the press-room comes far below the American machine in its utility.

involved in feeding a steam engine is dispensed with. The expense of runnino- it does not exceed $8 per month, all the dangers of steam are obviated, it can be put in motion at any moment, and everj'thing in connection with the department is clean and orderly. The visitor to the Review_ office should seek a conference with the foreman of the press-room. He will show the workings of this small but powerful contrivance of mechanical genius, and as it is really a thinir of beautj' as well as of utility, the visitant will be more than amply rewarded. Tlie ]n-ess on "^vhich the daily and weekly editions of the Review are struck off is another interesting work. To learn the part that a newspaper really plays in the world of intellect, one must travel from the editorial chair to the press room, and there behold the result of another branch of study in that machine, which receives, prints, and delivers the living sheets to the circulating clerks. Elkhart owes a debt to her newspapers.

The Klkhaet Observek

wliich has been already noticed, passed into the possession of the Revieio in April, 1876. A contemporary residing in a neighboring county conveyed his thoughts to the press, and in congratulating the purchasers, said :

" We understand that Messrs. Chase & Kent, of the Elkhart Revieio, have purchased the Observer office, in that place, and consolidated the two offices. That is right. There should be but one Republican paper in Elkhart, and we congratulate the Review upon its success in obtaining the field. Now, boys, shake us up a live paper." The boys did shake up a live paper, creditable alike to themselves and to their city.

The Elkhart Democrat. This journal is identical in principle and form with the Democratic Union, established by D.W. Sweet in 1866. Under the management of Mr. Sweet a daily edition was issued for some time; but owing to varied causes this offspring of the old weekly was discontinued.

Mr. Shutt, the present editor and proprietor, took possession of the journal Aug. 30, 1878, and has since continued to enjoy the confidence of the political party which he represents. In 1879 the name of the paper was changed to that of the Elkhart Democrati and the form converted into an eight-page sheet 32x41 inches. The value of the office is $2,000, the weekly issue 1,000 copies, and the number of hands employed, four.

The Elkhart County Journal, a very neat eight-eolnmn weekly, under the proprietorship of Messrs. D. H. Christophel and W. E. Hawk, two young men well known in the city, the former long connected with printing and newspaper work and a native of this county, and the latter a retired dentist. The character of the Journal was at once apparent and unmistakable. It is Republican in politics, independent in spirit, pure in tone, and beautiful in typograph}'. Its contents at the start showed that its projectors had made a deliberate survey of their field, and studied thoroughly the wants of the people of Elkhart county. It at once became a favorite with the readers, as is shown by its rapid growth in circulation. It has at the present writing, just three months after its establishment, a circulation of 700 copies, a result which has rarely, if ever, been reached in local journalism. The office is as complete as that of any weekly newspaper may be. Fonts of new type, standard presses and a steam engine make up the modus operandi; while ability in the editorial and assiduity in the composing room render the workings of the establishment almost per- -(-ect.

The Herald of Truth was established in 1864, at Chicago, by Funk Brothers. Three years later the fi rm removed the office to Elkhart, and during the period of 13 years, connection with the city have made remarkable progress. The journal, wliich they publish monthly, has a wide circulation throughout the United States, the Canadas and Europe. Their office comes next to that of the Review in extent, and, like it, possesses an improved atmospheric-gas engine. This is known as the '- Otto Silent." It does its work effectively and noiselesly, and is certainly a mechanical curiosity. It differs from that in the Review office by its compression of the explosion. The entire cost of running it 10 hours per day is about $33.00 per month, and its power equal to that of four horses. The press-room is very well equipped; the composing and editorial departments are well organized, and altogether the establishment may be considered complete. The business of the Herald and Publishing House of Funk Bros, gives employment to 20 hands and the monthly circulation of their journal is said to have reached 5,000 copies.

Presbyterian . - The Rev. E. Barr has, in conformity with his unquestioned zeal and the promptings of a literary mind, furnished the following sketch of the Church over which he now presides:

The First Presbyterian Cliurcli, of Ell^hart, lud., was organized with 10 members, May 1, 1840, in the house of Judge S. F. Beebee, corner of Main and Jackson streets, hy a committee of the Presl)jtery of St. Joseph, consisting of Norman Kellogg, Luther Humphrey and JToah Cook, ministers, and Elias Smith, an elder from the Cliurch at Mishawaka. James Crawford and James Irwin ordained elders, and Kev. iSTorman Kellogg was the first minister. During a period of 30 years the Church was served by various ministers as "stated supplies" for a longer or shorter time. The first pastor installed over the Church was Eev. William J. Essick who took charge of the Church on the 1st of May, 1870, in obedience to a call signed by all the members of the Church, and whose installation took place on the third Sabbath evening of the December following. The Presbyterian Church was one of the earliest Church organizations formed in the town of Elkhart; and had no house of worship for several years after its organization. During the summer of 1846 a frame church edifice was completed on the corner of High and Second streets. This was the first church building erected in the town; and for some eight years was the only house of worship available, not only for the Presbyterians, but also for two or three other religions denominations. The earnest and self-denying efibrts put forth at the time of securing this house for the public worship of God by the little handful of pioneer Christians, amidst the difliculties incident to the condition of things at that early day, can scarcely be appreciated by the youthful generation that has arisen since. The congregation continued to occupy this house as its place of worship for about 26 years; but during the pastorate of Pev. Wm. Essick it was decided to erect a more commodious house.

During the years 1871 and 1872 the old structure was disposed of and gave place to the new brick one which stands on the same lot. The present building is but the rear section, or lecture room, of a main edifice designed to front on High street, and which, when completed according to the design, will be an ornament to the city, a credit to the society, and, in a measure, that which is due to Him for whose worship it is to be built. The portion now completed and in use is, however, itself a large, well-finished church. It is nearly 40 by 80 feet in its extreme, outside measure. The walls and ceilings are frescoed, and the windows are of beautiful stained glass. The room has a gallery at each end, with seats for 200 persons; and the entire seating capacity is fully adequate for the comfortable accommodation of 500 people. The house is lighted with gas, and has furnace heaters. The central location of the church makes it easily accessible from all parts of the city. The present membership actnally resident is about 100. The Sabbath-school numbers 100, and at the present writing is oa the increase. The session and trustees constitute a " Church Council" of 13, viz.: the pastor, six elders and six trustees or deacons, to whom is committed the general management of the affairs of the Church, the appointment of ushers, treasurers, chorister, organist, sexton, officers of the Sabbath-school and all the standing committees of the Church. The sacrament of the Lord's Supper is administered quarterly, on the first Sabbath, respectively, of March, June, September and January. In 1S70 Rev. W. J. Essick became pastor and served the Church for nearly three j'ears. During his ministrations the present church building was constructed. It has cost, as it now stands, about $li,000. The front, which was designed, has not yet been built. Since 1S73 the Church has been served by Rev. S. M. Crissmaii and Rev. S. E. Barr, and for the past year by the present pastor, Rev. Edward Barr, who was. installed in jSTovember, 1S79. The present number of members is ISO.

The present officers ot the Church are as follows: R. D. Bradenj J. R. Matlier, J. D. Devor, Aaron Work, Wm. C. Hendricks, M. Spangler, Wm. Mann, J. M. Hughes, Elders. Hon. I. N. Everett, Dr. J. A. Work, H. T. Browning, Dr. Wm. George, Trustees.

C ongrcgational. - The Congregational Cliurch is a re-organization of the first Congregational Church, established here between ISil and 1S45, but afterward merged into the Presbyterian Church. This organization took place April 10, 1869, and the names of the first members are D. J. Clark, Mrs. Ruth Clark, Mrs. A. M. Bonnell and Mrs. Catarin Ellis, who were members of the old Church prior to re-organization, with thefollowing who subsequently joined it: Mrs. S. Shuey, Mrs. Mary Eaber, Alpheus Bugbee, John W. Ellis, Mrs. C. W. Ellis, Mrs. Mary Clark, Mrs. Amanda Reynolds. John W. Ellis was the first clerk. D. J. Clark was the first deacon, and Josiah Graves, Joel Ellis and John W. Ellis, trustees, witb Rev L. R. Royce, first pastor. The church was completed in 1872, at an expense of $8,000. The size of the edifice is 40x50, and the style composite, or a grouping of Grecian and Roman. It gives a seating capacity of 500. In 1874 Rev. Wm. Royce gave place to Rev. C. S. Warburton, and he was succeeded by Rev. M. W. Dar-

Germ-an EvangeUocd Church. - The establishment of this congregation dates back to 1860, when Kev. E. L. Lipplinger, of the Mishawaka circuit, rendered the services of the Church. Then the onlv members forming the society in the town of Elkhart were Christian and Gertrude Theis, William and Matilda Paul, Conrad and Lora Zissel, with J. M. Gomer and E. Piegel. The two latter members continued the good work of Mr. Lipplinger until 1865, when Eev. G. A. Hartel took charge of the mission district of Mishawaka. More German emigrants having settled in the district, Hartel found it necessary to devote greater attention to the wants of his increasing flock, and procure for them a suitable place of worship, instead of the small dwellings in which their periodical meetings were lield.

The pastor, with the members, made arrangements for a place of worship; the members, with the aid of good citizens, raised $1,100, then purchased the west lot of the block, on which the large, new school building is now located, wliere the one-story dwelling occupying it was fitted up into a neat little chapel and used for worship. The old scliool building being burned, the city contemplated to build a large house needing more ground, and proposed an exchange of that lot for the lot on Division street, where the Evangelical Church now stands. The little cliapel was moved on the new lot, fitted up, and in 1867 the Indiana Conference located a mission in the city; sent Kev. J. Fisher here as missionary, when an extensive revival was held. Quite a number were converted and united with the Church. The little chapel was now too small, so arrangements were made to build a larger and better church. These arrangements were carried out in 1868 at a cost of $9,000. The church then erected is a brick structure 65 by 45 feet, and two stories in height; in the basement is a Sunday-school room, two class rooms, and an audience room. Above the structure are a cupola and bell.

From 1868 to 1872, a number of English citizens were converted and united with'the Church, so that it became necessary to organize an English class. In 1872, conference being held here, the congregation was divided, some 70 members were organized into an Englisli societ]', and an English mission established. This reduced the German congregation to 100 members, but since 1872 an increase of 31 has been recorded. The trustees are: C. Zissel, J.

Trachsel, M. Fisher, H. L. Martin, Frank Rinehart. Together with the pastors hitherto named, Reverends John Fox, John Casteller and W. G. Brackley were pastors for short intervals since 1ST2, while M. "W. Steppey holds the pastoral charge at present.

The First English Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized in June, 1873, with i3 members. The year following Rev. J. . G. Biddle entered upon the church-builder's task. The masons had already completed their portion of the work, but before the roof could be placed in position the cyclone of June, 1874, passed over the country, and among the ruins which bore testimony to its destructive powers were those walls of the proposed church. Subsequently, in 187-1, the congregation, assisted by the people, succeeded in erecting the building, which since has been their house of worship. T. J. Himes is the present pastor.

The Sweedish Evangelical Lutheran congregation was organized Nov. 15, 1873. The first pastor was G. Luudahl, who came from La Porte to tiiis place once a month. The first trustees were L. AVahlberg, John Hutlin, Adolf Johnson and Gust. Simonson. The first members were A. P. Robinson, A. Wahlin, A. F. Johnsou, John Hutlin. John Anderson, Joel Strcemquist, P. M. Nelson, C. Anderson, C. A. Johnson, A. NystrcEm, A. E. Luudgren, with all their wives, and N. A. Coilberg, G. Simonson, I. J. Simonson, Fr. jSTilson, J. Nystroam and Ida C. Johnson.

The present pastor, G. Lundahl. Present trustees: J. Stroemquist, F. Nilson, S. Stenson and C. Magnuson. Present number of communicants, 48. The congregation belongs to Augustine Synod, a great Swedish ecclesiastical body in this country. A Sunday-school flourishes in connection with this Church.

Catholic Church. - The first congregation was formed in the fall of 1866, by Rev. August Oechtering, with Vincent Yoisnelt, Valentine Marx, A. tudwig, Jos. Ladwig, I. Singer, F. Lenkerheld, Wm. Ringwald, James Evans, Denis Brophy, James McGuire, and H. A. Martin. In 1868-9, the new church was inaugurated, and completed at a cost of $1,500. and opened for divine service October 25, 1869. This work was carried out under the direction of the Rev. A. B. Oechtering. In November, 1869, Rev. John Oechtering succeeded to the pastoral charge. Rev. J. H. Quinlon was appointed pastor in November, 1871, and during the nine years which have since elapsed. Rev. Mr. Noll, and Rev. Wm. Kroeger, the present pastor, have been in spiritual charge of the congregation. The number of communicants is estimated at 300, aad that of children attending Sanday-school at 145.

The Methodist Episcopal Church. - The Church of Elkhart was oro-anized so early as 1832, within the mansion of one of the early settlers, as related in a foregoing page. The appointment of S. B. Ball, of the South Bend circuit mission, in 1S36, and the visits of other missionaries between that year and 1841, when C. "W. Miller was appointed, kept the members of the little congregation together. The visiting ministers succeeding C. W. Miller were: Warren Griffith, in 1S4:"2; E. Iloldstock, 1S43; B. Winans, 1844; 0. V. Lemon, 1845; J. H. Bruce, 1846; James Farnsworth, 1S4T; B. Winans, 1848-'9; E. Holdstock, 1852-'3; Isaac Ayers, 1854; E. Preston, 18o5-'6; W. S. Birch, 1857-'S; J. H. Hutchison, 1859-'60. James Johnson was the iirst resident pastor in 1S6L; T. Comstock, 1863; V. K.Beamer, 1865; H. J. Lacy, 1867; E. Hall, 1869; S. H. Rhodes, 1871-'3; A. E. Matin, 1875, and M. H. Menenhall, D. D., the present incumbent. The church edifice was inaugurated in 1856 and completed the following year, at a cost of $10,000. Later a terrific storm swept over the town which carried away a portion of the roof and razed many feet of the walls; however, the damage was immediately repaired; since that time the building has been much improved and extended. It is Homaic in architectural style, and possesses an area of 3,600 square feet. Tlie present congregation number 400. The trusteeship devolves upon Wm. Axtell, J. C. Stuck, Wm. Banger, A. Hay and T. J. Bostwick. The Rev. J. H. Hutchison, the acting mayor of the city toward the close of 1880, was among the early pastors of the Church.

The Baptist Church was organized with five members in July, 1860. The Rev. Dr. L. A. Alford was the first pastor. The church possessed by this society is a frame building, semi-Gothic in style, and commodious. The Reverends Russell, Huntley, W. W. Smith and the present pastor, R. E. JSTeighbor, have held pastoral charge in succession since Dr. Alford's time, and though the Church has been without a shepherd for sometime, the members have always manifested a rare fidelity in their adherence to the First Baptist congregation. Tlie church was erected in 1861, and dedicated August 3, the same year.

St. John'' s Episcopal. - This congregation was organized in 1867 with Rev. M. V. Averel as pastor. Rev. R. Totter and A. E. Bishop succeeded him in the administration of the parish. In

1873 the church of St. John was erected, and, with the grounds on which it is located, cost the congregation about S-i,000. The Church has been attended from time to time by the pastor of the neighboring parish of St. James; but now tlie congregation has not a resident pastor.

The Christian Church was organized Oct. 23, 1878, with C. F. Mortimer as pastor, and I. C. Stephens, John Titus and A. F. Landen, trustees. Tlie house of worship was erected in ISTovember and December, 1878, at a cost of $1,400 including lot, and is in extent Si.xiO feet. The style is plain, with Gothic gables. Mr. Mortimer imdertoolc to build this church without advising with his congregation, without a dollar in the church-building fund, or without a written contract with the constructors. He carried his enterprise to a successful issue, so far as the building is concerned, but bequeathed to his congregation a small debt - large when the limited number of the brethren is considered - which entails upon each principal member a considerable annual expenditure in payment of interest on the amount due to the builders.

The Mennonite Church. - The organization of a Mennonite congregation was entered npon in the fall of 1867, and completed during the ensuing spring. The first place of worship was supplied by J. F. Funk, who bestowed upon his co-religionists a large room in connection with his book-store. The membersof the first congregation comprised J. F. Funk, H. B. Brenneman, Joseph Summers, A. R. Funk and a few others, with the first-named as pastor. From 1868 to December, 1870, two regular meetings were lield. During the closing days of December a congregation was formed to meet every two weeks; but not until the completion of their church in November, 1871, did the members observe regularity in attendance. This church is a frame building 36x40 and was erected at a cost of $1,200. Jos. Summers and M. D. Wenger are the trustees at present, and I. F. Funk with J. S. Coffinan, pastors.

The United Brethren Church of Concord township was erected in 1863, the society having been organized some time previous. It has a membership of 34. Henry Smith is class-leader. Isaac Stauffer, steward, and Bev. Mr. Seese. pastor.

Emanuel Church of the Luthenon German Reformed denomination is situated on sec. 11. The corner-stone of this divine temple was laid Oct. 1.5, 1859. In this "temple foundation rock" were deposited a copy of the Bible, of a hymn book, the Church cats- chisms and of the Cliurch periodicals, and a prayer was offered that the gates of hell might not prevail against it. The cliurch building was commenced soon after and finished in 1S60. It now has a membership of 28 and is prospering.

Middleport Congregational Church. - The society at Middleport known as the "Congregational Brethren" first sprung up about the year 1870. At this date and for some years previous they had mingled with a society of members of opposite belief and they worshiped together till the winter of 1870, when Rev. Jacob C. Cripe commenced a protracted meeting in the Elkhart Valley church. The meetings continued about two weeks, and great good was being accomplished, when very unexpectedly trouble came like a ''thunderbolt,'' and soon the society was in twain, and the society of '' Brethren " concluded to be no longer -- ruled by men, but by the commandments of God;" and the only course to pursue was to organize a new Church, knowing that in so doing they could worship their God in accordance with the dictates of their own consciences. Accordingly, on Friday, Oct. 23, 1874, Eevs. Hendricks and J. C. Cripe organized the society, and the following Wednesday communion was administered at the house of Mr. David Garver, this being the first ordinance carried out in the society. Meetings of worship were held in the school and private houses till the fall of 1S7S, when the leading members met and determined to build a church of their own. The building was commenced and finally finished, although under the greatest difficulty. The second Sunday in January, 1879, it was dedicated to the service of God, the sermon being delivered by Eev. J. IT. Hutchinson. The present Bishop is Rev. Daniel S. Cripe.

Evangelical Church. - Middleport is a small village situated near Dunlap station, about five miles from Elkhart, on what is known as the "Elkhart and Goshen road." The Evangelical Church at this place was built in 1866, by "Wm. Eisenbeiss; Stanton Stevonsc n and Michael Weaver (now deceased"), trustees. The principal contributors were Charles Hate, Benjamin Weaver, Wm. Shroyer and others. The society now has a membership of 1%. Wm. Shroyer is the present class-leader, and Rev. S. S. Albert, pastor.

The City Schools

educational establishments. Here is a city of 7,000 inhabitants, possessing five substantial brick edifices and one frame building devoted to purposes of education, affording a seating capacity to 1,523 pupils, and employing 26 teachers. The amount of good accomplished by these institutions is incalculable. Though viciousncss can never be wholly eradicated, there is found in education a benignant influence which softens the evil part of nature, and leads it upward in just such a manner as the botanist trains some inclining plant in a course where it would prove both ornamental and useful. The school will banish ignorance, as we understand it, it will ameliorate the condition of man by leading him into a knowledge of true liberty, to an exercise of the mental faculties, and above all to a recognition of the uses for which God intended him. Beyond this man is incapable of proceeding. When he has completed the round of studies laid down in the curriculum the foundation of knowledge is laid, and he has arrived on the stage of comparative enlightenment. There are two sorts of ignorance, says the student of nature and theology. We philosophize to escape ignorance, and the consummation of our philosophy is ignorance; we start from the one, we repose in the other; they are the goals from which and to which we tend; and the pursuit of knowledge is but a course between two ignorances, as human life is itself only a wayfaring from grave to grave. We never can emerge from ignorance. If, as living creatures so, ;is cognizant intelligences, our dream of knowledge is a little light rounded with a darkness. One mortal, one nation or generation of mortals, may flare a flambeau, and another twinkle a taper; still the sphere of human enlightenment is at best a print, compared with the boundless universe of night surrounding it. Science is a drop; nescience is the ocean in which that drop is whelmed.

Let us therefore ignore transcendentalism in education. Let us observe what is practical in it, and cast away ail that partakes of the speculative. By this means we will arrive at a truer knowledge of ourselves; we will understand the economy of the Divinity, who placed us in the world, and being imbued with a sound, practical knowledge, we may one day become Christians, practical, not nominal, and being so, worship the God of the universe in peace, not selfishly and hypocritically, but liberally and earnestly, even as the martyrs of the catacombs did in the ages past, when the Redeemer brought peace to men of good-will Such a happy state of faith and morals can only be brought into existence by education. The means are at hand; pure minds and strong hearts can alone reach the desired goal; and it is a consummation devoutedly to be wished that all to whom the management of schools shall be intrusted, and the teachers to whom the education of our youth shall be confided, should be men and women particularly suited to the important work, persons who can appreciate the responsibilities of their positions, and who will not fail, on any occasion, to believe and inculcate that what is Ctesar's belongs to Cffisar, and what is God's pertains to God.

In the latter part of 1S79 a portion of the county press inquired into the condition of tlie schools of Elkhart and Goshen. In dealing with the educational houses of the former city, the editor of the " Goshen 2^ime5," compiled a summary of the County Superintendent's report, from which the following e.xtract is taken ;

"The total enumeration of school children in Elkhart is 3,000, and the actual attendance upon the public schools during the past term has aggregated very little short of 1,400. The last monthly report published showed nearly that number, and the enrollment was largely increased during the last six weeks of the term.

"Elkhart has six school buildings, with a seating capacity of 1,400 hundred. In two of the buildings there are unfurnished rooms which will be completed and seated as soon as needed. In the central part of the city, however, the buildings are overflowing, and it will not be many years before more buildings will be a necessity.

"Twenty-five teachers are employed in the schools, about 14 of whom are in the central buihling. The high school has a principal and two assistants. The course of study of the schools has been arranged with particular reference to practical ability in the preparation of pupils for after life.

" The School Board consists of the following gentlemen : Dr. W. H. Thomas, President; Aaron Work, Secretary; S. Maxon, Treasurer; Prof. A. P. Kent is the Superintendent; C. M. VanCleve, Principal of the High School, assisted by Miss Kate Drake and Miss Florence 0. Nichols."

jSTow, comparing the subscribed statistics taken from Superintendent Monry's report of September, 1880, an advance in attendance and an increase of school accommodation will be evident. It will be seen that the frame buildings are gradually giving way to more pretentious and substantial structures; that a marked improvement has taken place in every branch of the city school system, and that large balances remain to the credit of the people. This advance has been generally admitted. A reviewer of the city school superintendent's report says : '- We are in receipt of the biennial and annual report of the public schools of Elkhart for the school year ending 1880. A close investigation of the report warrants us in the assertion that the public schools of Elkhart are not only in a flourishing condition but under the very efficient management of Supt. A. P. Kent are destined to advance materially. The high-school course is now bearing a prominent feature in these schools, and will undoubtedly be largely attended in the future."

The public schools of the city were first organized about 1860, with C. J. Conn as principal and three lady assistants. The schools were held in a wooden building which occupied the site of the present central building, but which was burned in 1866. Among the superintendents who had charge of the schools from 1860 to 1870 were Mr. Conn, Mr. Luce, D. A. Ewing and Valois Butler. In 1S6S the present central building was erected, and at the time was considered a useless expenditure of public money, on the ground that it was far too large for the necessities of the city. The enormous growth of the city, however, soon proved that the Board were not unwise in their judgment. In 1870 there was an enrollment of 784 in the entire schools of the city. In 1880 the enrollment in the central building alone aggregated more than that number, and the average attendance in that building alone in 1880 was greatly in excess of the entire attendance in 1870. The building which at its erection had one floor entirely unused is now crowded from basement to belfry, and yet it is too small to accommodate comfortably all who belong within its walls.

In 1870 Prof. J. K. "Walts assumed the duties of superintendent, and very much of the credit of careful organization and grading is to be ascribed to him. In 187-i he resigned, and J. M. Strasburg was elected to the vacancy, which he held for one year, to be succeeded by M. A. Barnett. In 1879 this gentleman was succeeded by the present incumbent. Prof A. P.Kent, a man who had been in business for several years in the city, and who was well known by the people.

the same size M^as erected; in 187S the Weston school-house was finished and occupied; in 1879 the Beardsley school was erected. There are now six bnildino-s in as many parts of the city, all tilled to their utmost capacity.

The high school has been the especial care of all school officials. The course has been steadily advanced, and the aim of the present Board and superintendent is to make that school a model and an educational power. In his last report Superintendent Kent says:

"The course of study arranged for the high school is condensed and practical. The chissical course fits graduates for the State Llniversity, at Blooraington, and the diploma granted hy the School Board entitles candidates to enter that institution without an examination. Year Ijy year tiie amount of work required will be increased until the completion of the course will fit students for entrance upon the freshman year at Ann Arbor, or at any first-class university.

-' Some slight changes were made last 3'ear in the studies in the course, and an English course of three years was arranged. It has been tlie experience of several years tliat many pupils choosing the English course have left school at the end of the second or third year, thus losing the benefit of many of the studies which are most important in completing the common-school education of the coming generation. With this experience to suggest it, a course lias been prepared which embraces much that has hitherto been lost by pupils who did not complete the four years. It is not too much to hope that this course will secure the continued attendance for three years of many who felt they could not spare four years in the school. It is also hoped in time to make the mental discipline obtained in the high-school course so complete that pupils who graduate here will take rank along side the graduates of the smaller colleges, seminaries and academies of the West. Such excellence of instruction may be attained, and it will be the aim of the present Board and teachers to secure it as soon as possible.

'- The three years ' course will be suited to the wants of a very laro-e class of young people from the surrounding districts. In its preparation the aim has been to preserve and introduce those studies which have double utility, one of mental discipline and another of every-day use in the arts of life. Those young men who desire to acc[uire a knowledge of the sciences beyond that obtained in the common schools of the county will find excellent opportunities for pursuing tliese branches under the leadership of competent instruct- ors. The school is supplied with apparatus for succesfuUy teaching such branches. The course also provides for a careful drill in the studies required in the common school, and an effort will be made to fit students to become successful teachers. During the final term of the course those studies in which candidates for teachers' certificates are examined will be thoroughly reviewed, with a view to pieparing candidates for the County Superintendent's examination.

" The attention of all who feel a desire for a course of study beyond that pursued in the district school is invited to the three years ' course. All foreign pupils will be gladly welcomed and entitled to the best the school can alford."

Board Of Education For 1S80-'81

Teachers for 1SS0-'81: Higli School, George W. Barr, Principal; Kate Drake, Assistant; Florence C. Nichols, Assistant; George L. Nichols, Assistant. Central Building: Millie A. Herring, A Grammar; Hattie F. Goldie, B Grammar; Annie Lara hie, C Grammar; Bessie Dinehart, C and D Grammar; Estella McKinstry, D Grammar; Mrs. M. L. Hewitt, A Primary and D Grammar; Carrie E. Tinker, A Primary; Hattie Chase, B Primary; Ada Maxon, B and C Primary; Esther McCleave, C Primary; Mrs. Maggie C. Stevens, D Primary. Fourth Ward: E. B. Myers, B C and D Grammar; Mary Hawley, A and B Primary; Estella Burns, B and C Primary; Jennie Alvord, D Primary. Fifth Ward: Phebe Stephens, A Primary; Sylvia Higgins, B Primary; Fannie Kiblinger, C Primary; Ida Kiblinger, D Primary. East Elkhart: William D. Middleton, 1st Five Grades. Beardsley: Nellie B. Hart, Mixed, 1st Five Grades Weston: M. A. Bonnell, 1st Five Grades.

The City Of The Dead

Grace Lawn Cemetery has usurped the place of the village burying ground of former times. The growth of the necropolis has kept pace with that of the city, until now it assumes an extensiveness and funereal beauty which arrest the attention of the passing traveler, and claim that peculiar admiration from the citizens which only a well-ordered cemetery can excite. This temporary resting place for the bodies of the dead is situate on the Elkhart river, and is approaclied from the city by the Middlebury road. The monuments are numerous and costly, perpetuating in enduring marble the names of those who aided materially in building up the city of Elkhart, as well as of many soldier patriots who gave their lives in defense of what all must hold forever dear, the integrity of this- Republic.

Grace Lawn has been the scene of many a deep sorrow; but it has also witnessed a few pleasing spectacles. Judge I. N. Everett's oration, delivered on Decoration Day, 1878, was a beautiful tribute to the memory of the dead. He said, in concluding his peroration, that the larger number of fallen friends and comrades were not buried there. They fell far away in the enemy's country. They are moldering on the fields of Shiloh, of the Wilderness, of Chickamauga, in the valleys of West Virginia and Tennessee, in the trenches and rifle-pits of Petersburg and Atlanta, on the hills of Resaca, on the heights of Alatoona and Kenesaw mountains, or perchance one lies buried fathoms deep beneath the waves of ocean. JSTo marble marks their resting place. No loving wives, mothers, fathers, or children bedew their graves with tears, or cover them with garlands, the last tributes of surviving affection. Let us not forget them on this sad occasion; bat let the garlands of flowers, which they so nobly won, be here consecrated to their memory. Let all our patriot dead be honored in their quiet graves, now and hereafter, until the great Captain of the universe shall summon them to the final roll-call."

Grace Lawn is a monument to fidelity. It is honored in the possession of the dust of those gallant men, who sacrificed everything in the cause of the Republic. The head-stones placed above their graves are so many warnings to those who, in the future, might dream of subverting the principles of the Constitution, and are sad but strong remembrances of what we owe to the Union. Let us arlance down the roll of honor.

Soldiers Buried In Grace Lawn Cemetery

Of the 9th Ind. Vol. Inf., Geo. Kiblinger, Oliver CarltoQ, Charles Thompson, H. Wines and George Stephens; of the llth, Owen James; of the Mth, Col. J. F. Curtis, Lieut. F. Baldwin, Charles M. Henry, Isaac Marshall, Henry Meisler, A. Sims Davenport and Jefferson Bender; of the iSth, Benj. Sweet, Lawrence Elliott, W. J. Monroe and Samuel Arisman; of the 74th, Capt. P. F. Davis, Charles Hinman and Charles liandall; of the 128th, I. C. Chamberlain; of the 133d, Tally Chamberlain; of the 1st Mich. Sharpshooters, Alex. Nickless; of the 12th Mich. Vet., Ambrose Dunne; of the 61st N. S. Col. Inft., Z. Z. Morehouse; of N. Y. Vol., Dan. C. Cutter, George Pettis and Wra. Kennard; other Ind. Vol., Dr. Punyan, J. P. Galvin, J. D. Sherman, John Demiug, Louis Delo, Mark Grant, John Titus and John Smith.

Let the memories of these men live on! Let their graves be kept green; and, in other years, when folly may, perchance, lead any section of our people into a wrong course, let the soldiers of the future follow in the tracks of past defenders, and, if necessary, die, guarding the rights of freemen and the first principles of the Pepnblic.

Societies Of Elkhart City

Elkhart City Medical Association. - The organization of the medical society was completed in JuTie, 1877. It embraces some of the best known physicians in the city, viz.: Doctors C. S. Friuk, C. S. Pixley, 0. B. Harrington, J. A. Work and G. B. Pratt. There are other prominent medical men, such as Doctors Haggerty, Poyneer and Taylor, who do not now belong to the society. The homeopathic physicians, A. L. Fisher, Thomas, A. A. Fahn&tock and Crockett, are outside this organization.

ElkJiart Dnving Park Association w&s, OYgamz^A in 1873-'!:, with W. F. Wickwire, 1st President; C. H. Chase, 2d President; J. H. Pottfield, 3d President. The association is financially prosperous.

The Agricultural and Horticidtural Societies comprise many of the leading men of the county, and contribute much to disseminate useful knowledge among the agricultural classes.

Kane Lodge, No. 183, F. & A. M., was organized, under dispensation, in February, 1855, and chartered June 5. Sol. D. Light, "W. M.. and Guy Lemon, Secretary, are among the officers.

Glen Cotmcil of the Royal Arcanum, No. 253, with A. P. Burns, Regent, and Chas. Leonard, Sec'y, is a recent addition to the society organizations of the city.

German Worhingmen'' s Society, with Charley Myers, President, and Julius Hunt, Sec'y, is another institution inaugurated here a short time ago.

Independent Order of Odd i^'^ZZows, comprising Pulaski Lodge, Encampment No. 60, and the Naomi Lodge, No. 67, of the Daughters of Reiekah, were among the earliest societies organized in the city. Elkhart Encampment, No. 101, was subsequently established.

Knights of Pythias. - Elkhart Lodge, No. 75, K. of P.,was organized in July, 1877; the present officers comprise E. P. Willard, P. C, and G. L. Thorpe, Recorder.

The Good Samaritan Lodge of Good Templars. - No. 34, was formed Dec. 22, 1858. Andrew Hay is the present W. C. T., and August Busscher, Secretary.

Elkhart Silver Cornet Band. - This company of musicians was organized in 1868, and being subsequently reorganized, changed the name in October, 1879, to that of the ," Trumpet-Notes Band." The uniform is more ornamental than useful.

Brown''s Tromhone Band., with Avery Brown as Director, takes a very prominent place in the district musical circle. Tlie uniform worn by the members is at once iiseful and respectable, being blue with scarlet facings.

The Hotels

The Clifton House occupies the site of the old Dawing Hotel, built in 1834. This was razed, and the Defrees House erected by Thompson i^ewell IS^ewton and Presley. This building was burned in 1852; but during the subsequent year Beardsley and Davenport erected the Clifton House, and placed it under the management of Lester Cook & Co. ; this structure was also destroyed by fire in 1860. In ISeS-'i Messrs. J. E. Beardsley, B. L. Davenport and Silas Baldwin built the present hotel. It has been, successively managed by Clark, Brown and Marr, the present proprietor who entered into possession July 29, 1880. There are 44 bedrooms, dining hall, parlors, office, lavatories, and a telegraph office ( established Sept. 27, 1880 ) in the hotel proper, while the building gives place to three large stores. This hostelry comes next in antiquity to the Elkhart Exchange, the remnant of which may be seen near the confluence of the Elkhart and St. Joseph rivers. The various fires and vicissitudes to which it has been subjected does not interfere with its lineage: from 1834 to 1864 it fell, to be rebuilt. Like a Chicagoan edifice, it has been reduced to ashes often, and so often grew stronger and more extensive out of its ruins.

The Elkhart House was built in 1844 by Perley Thompson. In has since been enlarged and improved and takes a very prominent place among the hotels of Northern Indiana. W. F. Wickwire has been the lessee for a period of 36 years.

The Railway House

iu connection with the Michigan Southern railroad depot, under the control of the genial Captain Tyler, does the largest business of any of the hotels. It is a most important factor in the make-up of the city, and offers a home to the traveler, which may not be excelled.

That much of the history of this township was made by the men whose biographies follow, is an undoubted fact. Therefore it is considered that the action of the historian, in dealing exclusively with the history of tlie township, and leaving that portico of it which may be entwined closel}'' with personal sketches, to be written by the biographers, is right and just. The value of histro-biography cannot be over-estinaated; it is as interesting as it is instructive, and with this belief the subject is entered upon with a hope that justice may be done to all, and a correct recital of -incidents fully placed before the reader.

Dr. Johnson W. Allen. - The subject of this sketch, a prominent retired physician of Elkhart, is a native of Addison county, Vt., and was born March 4, ISll. His father, Truman Allen, was a native of Connecticut; his mother, Polly, nee Wheeler, was born in Ireland; he was brought up on a farm on the Genesee river, where his parents removed wlien he was but 3 years old; he received his literary education in the Geneseo Academy, after which he read medicine for five years; he studied in the hospital at Toronto, Canada; graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at New York city in lS-35; he removed to Fredericktown, Knox county, Ohio, in the fall of 1835, where he practiced his chosen profession until 184S; he then came to Elkhart, where, by a thorough knowledge of his profession and energy, he built up a large practice, which he held through all the many j'ears belabored in the cause. The constant labor of many years ha> so enfeebled him that he has retired, but has laid up for himself an abundance of tliis world's goods to make him comfortable the remainder of his years. He was married in 1838 to Miss Emeline E. Strong, by whom he has 1 son, William P. Mrs. Allen died in 1854, and the Doctor again married in 1858, this time Maria B. Seamans.

Taylor Z. Arisman, of the firm of Arisman & Son, grocers at 200 Main street, Elkhart, was born in Juniata county. Pa., Dec. 21, 1847. His father's name was Jacob Arisman, and his mother's maiden name Savina Stumbangh. His family resided on a farm, and remained at Taylor's birth-place till he was seven years of age, when they removed to Elkhart county, Ind., and located on a farm three miles from the city. His father was for years in the employ of the Michigan Southern & Lake Shore railroad, and March 13, 1861, he and his son Taylor opened a grocery store on Main street. This business thev have prosecuted ever since, and are now among the leading grocers in Elkhart. Tiie elder Arisman had the honor of a membership in the first Common Council of the city of Elkhart, being elected from the 5ch ward, and his son Taj'lor at the same time, took a seat in the Council from the 6th ward, a noteworthy coincidence in a city no larger than Elkhart. Mr. Taylor Arisman is a member of the Odd Fellows order, and is a Past Grand and a Past High Priest. He has represented the Encampment in the Graiid Lodge of the State, and is District Deputy Grand Master of Encampment ~So. 104.

Joseph D. Arnold, attorney at law, was born in York tp., this county, in 1836. He was the first white child born in York tp. He is now 44 years of age, and his life is contemporary with the growth of the county. He was the son of A. B. and Althina D. (Davis) Arnold, who were among the first settlers in the county. They came from Western New York in 1S35, and settled on a farm in York tp., where they resided till 1865, when they removed to Wisconsin. The}' now live in Walworth county, near Geneva lake. There were 5 sons in the family, of whom Joseph is the oldest. He remained on the farm till he was of age, and during his minority attended a collegiate institute at Ontario, Lagrange county, Ind., and was three months at school in Cleveland, O. He settled in Goshen in 1860, and acted as Deputy Clerk of Circuit Court of this county until January, 1862, when he began to read law in the ofiice of John. H. Baker, since member of Congress. He was admitted to the Bar in 1863, and thereafter located in Elkhart, where he remained a year and a half. He then returned to Goshen, where he resided till 1871. During this period he was a partner of Hon. John H. Baker, and a portion of the time he was with Judge W. A. Woods. He was also District Attorney' in 186S-'9, and in that capacity was public Prosecutor for Elkhart, St. Joseph, La Porte and Marshall counties. In 1871 he removed to Wisconsin, and remained there till 1879, when he returned to Elkhart and resumed his residence here. He was married in 1865 to Miss Louisa J. Broderick, daughter of N. F. Broderick. They have 3 children, both sons. Mr. Broderick is a member of the order of Odd Fellows. He is at present engaged in the practice of law, having an ofiice on Main street, opposite the Clifton House, and is known as one of the better class of attorneys in Elkhart county.

Ha.zen W. Avery was born in the town of Topsham, Orange county, Vt., Feb. 22, 1831. His parents were Christopher and Emley Walker, also natives of Vermont. He was reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools. He engaged as a clerk in a grocery for two years; about 1855 he began railroading as fireman on an engine, and now he has been engineer for several years. Mr. Avery now runs engine ISTo. 112 on the eastern division of the L. S. & M. S. R. P. He came to Elkhart in 1866; was married, Dec. 31,1863, to Miss Julia Armstrong, a native of Bradford, Vermont, and a daughter of William Armstrong.

Silas Baldioin, one of the oldest and most prominent citizens of Elkhart, was born in Bloomfield, IST. J., in 1811. He was the son of Daniel S. and Elizabeth (Kent) Baldwin. There were 9 children in the family. They removed from New Jersey to a place near Pittsburg, Pa., and remained there two years. From there they went to Warren county, Ohio, and resided there till 1828 or 1829. From thence they removed to Cass county, Mich., and settled on the open prairie before the land had been placed in market. Silas was then IS years of age. In lS21-'22 he wasalaboreron farms. In 1832 he volunteered in the Black Hawk war. He was in a com- pany commanded by Capt. Isaac Butler, Gen. John K. Williams being the officer in superior command. They marched for the hostile territory in May, and after reachino- Chicago, took charge of that post till Maj. Whittler, of the regular array, and his troup, came round the lakes and relieved them, which was in the month of June. In 1836 Mr. Baldwin began to speculate in Government lauds, finally entering a dry-goods store in Edwardsburg, Mich., a business that he followed till 1843, when he removed to Elkhart, then a small place. At that time there were here a saw-mill, gristmill, a distillery, two hotels, stores, and about 300 people in the village. When he arrived in Elkhart Mr. Baldwin opened a stock of goods for P. P. Milliard, and in the winter of 1841 he bought the stock, and, with only confidence as an investment, continued the business till 1856. During that time he was burned out twice, but, by strict attention to business, integrity and good management, arose each time, like Phceni.x. from the ashes of his burned property, and continued business. During all the disasters and mutations of his fortune he was never sued for anything, but, with rare tact, satisfied his creditors in every crisis.

In 1850 Mr. Baldwin took an active part in the struggle concerning the passage of the Michigan Southern railroad through this county, and acted as agent for the railroad in securing the right of way from Baugo to Bristol, collecting the local subscription himself, and on completion of the road he was continued as station agent at Elkhart. In 1856 he discontinxied the dry-goods business, which he had carried on so many years. He assisted Mr. Morehouse in the organization of the First National Bank of Elkhart, and was the cashier of that institution till 1867, owning a large proportion of its capital stock, but resigned the cashiership in the last-named year, on account of ill health. He is at present vicepresident of the First INTational Bank, one of its directors, and still retains his stock in it. Mr. Baldwin has occupied important political relations during his career. He was nominated for the Legislature twice by the Democratic party, the last time in 1849. He changed his political views when Fort Sumter was fired on, and since has been a consistent Republican. In 1844 he was appointed Postmaster of Elkhart, under Postmaster-General Chas. A. "WicliSe's administration, bat resigned on acc-"junt of ill health, in favor of B. L. Davenport, who succeeded him. His domestic relations and his worldly fortunes have been shared by Jane (Gephart) Baldwin, whom he married in 1837. One of their daughters, Elizabeth, is now Mrs. A. R. Beardsley, of Elkhart. A son, Frank, was killed at the battle of Stone River; he was a Lieutenant in the 44th Ind. Inf Helen was the wife of Col. John W. Shafer, who was mustering-out officer at Louisville. Ky. Mr. Baldwin is a man of independent character, belongs to no society or order, acts according to his individual views, and has had a career that places him among the verv first representative men of Elkhart county.

Mr. B. may trutlifuUy be said to be one of our self-made men, starting with veiy limited education, such as was acquired by a few months' attendance at the old log school-house; witii no means to commence the battle of life - except what nature had supplied - his career has been remarkable in many respects.

Lambert Barnes was born in Lancashire, Eng. _ He came to America in July, 1S4S, when he was 25 years of age. He had married Alice Wilde, and learned the paper-makers' trade before he came to this country. At first he went to Wisconsin, and afterward located at St. Charles. 111., and was in the employ of Butler & Hunt, wrapping and print paper manufacturers, and was foreman in that establishment, remaining there 14 years. From St. Charles, in 1S61, he went to Middletown, Ohio, and remained there till his removal to Elkhart. Here he was in the employ of Erwin, Lane & Co., and continued with them till his death, which occurred in September, 1S71. He left 7 children to the care of his widowed wife: William, who is employed in the paper mill; Lizzie, Alice, Minnie, James, Clara and Oscar. James also is a papermaker, and Oscar is employed in a box factory. Minnie married Willard A. Cone, son of Crocker Cone. Mrs. Barnes occupies a comfortable home in northeast Elkhart, and is blessed by the association and aid of her children, who are still at home or live near her.

Hev. Edtoard Barr was born in the town of Wooster, Ohio, Dec. 15, 1827, and is a son of Thomas and Ann Barr, natives of Peniij'slvania. The former was a Presbyterian minister, and began his labors in 1810. He was a foreign missionary for several years, and solicited for home missions for some time In 1835 he removed with his family to Kushville, Ind., where be died in August of the same year. From the age of 10 years our subject was brought up in Indianapolis, in the famih^ of James Blake. He was educated in the Hanover (Ind.) College, and read theology privately. He entered the ministry in September, 1857, in the Churches his lather had organized years before. He went to Bedford, Ind., in 1859. From 1861 to 1866 he had charge of the Frankfort Church. He then went to Muncie, Ind., and remained IS months. Then took charge of the First Presbyterian Church of Lafayette, where he remained five years ; next he was called by the First Presbyterian Cluirch of Madison, Ind., where he remained but one year. He came to the charge of the Elkhart Church in 1873, remaining but six months, when he resigned and went to Bedford, Ind., remaining six months, when he was recalled to Frankfort, where he remained five years. While there he erected a new church edifice. He was again called to the Elkhart Church in 1879, where he is now laboring. He was married in May, 1851, to Miss Millia Webb, of Orleans, Ind., who has borne him 7 children: Geerge W., Oily A., Thomas E., Susan J., Mattie G., Mary C. and Ruth. Geo. W. is principal of the high schools of Elkhart.

Norman Beckley, the well-known Assistant Superintendent of the C, W. & M. railroad, was born in Barre, "Washington county, Yt. His father was Samuel Beckley, and his mother's name before marriage, Roxana Colby. Mr. Beckley spent his boyhood with his father till he was 16, when he began an educational course, passing some time at Moutpelier and Newberry seminaries. AVhile he was at school, during the winter season, he taught school for the purpose of replenishing his funds. This course of educational life was continued till he was 20 years of age, when he journeyed westward in quest uf his fortune. This was in 1844. Mr. Beckley remembers Chicago at that period as a place scarcely a respectable embryo of the present city of wonderful growth. The Tremont House, where he stopped, was then a three-story wood structure. For a few months after his arrival in Chicago he was employed by Luther Rossiter, then a lumber dealer and leading man in Chicago. The yard was on Water street, west of Wells. Mr. Beckley contracted the ague in Michigan, before reaching Chicago, and at length was obliged to return to Vermont in quest of health. He took a position under C. F. Belknap, the famous contractor on New England railroads, and was by him appointed foreman of construction gangs, and continned that service till the grading on the Vermont Central railroad was done. Afterward he was employed a year on the Fitchburg railroad as paymaster. Subsequently he was section foreman on the track of the Vermont Central, and roadmaster till 1860. During that year he assumed a position as roadmaster on the Michigan Southern road, Chicago division, with headquarters at La Porte. This relation he held for two years. He then removed to De Kalb county. 111., and took the management of the Sycamore & Cortland road, a short line in that locality. He managed the enterprise so perfectly as to be able to declare a dividend of 14 per cent, on the capital stock. Owing to the jealousy and hostility of the EUwoods, prominent stockholders in the company, Mr. Beckley retired. In 1874 he was appointed Assistant Superintendent of the Michigan division of the Michigan Southern road, with headquarters at Elkhart, and removed his family from Sycamore in 1878. During that year he became General Manager of the Cincinnati, Wabash & Michigan railroad, and has held that office ever since.

.. While Mr. Beckley was in Illinois he superintended the laying of the track on the Chicago & Iowa railroad. He is a member of the Methodist Church, and is zealous in Sunday-school and Church work. He has always identified himself with the temperance cause, and has chosen only temperance men, when that was possible, as employes on the various roads where he has been manager. He is a Republican, and labors arduously for the success of its principles and measures.

Mr. Beckley was married Oct. 2, lSi7, to Rosetta Wills, of Hartford, Yt. He has 1 daughter and 3 sons: Emma Elizabeth, who married M. H. Wesley, a farmer in De Kaib county. 111.; Edward Henr}^, who is in the office with his father, and Edward Everett, still in school.

CaJvin Beebe. an octogenarian citizen, who resides in the northeastern part of Elkhart, can look backward upon a life and career one of the most intei'esting among the many in JSToi'thern .Indiana. His So years have been crowded with change, labor and success; and now, though so aged, lie is gifted with a measurable degree of strength and vigor, while his remarkably elastic and spirited temperament renders him cheerful even under the burden of years. He is one of the comparatively few who can glance backward over his remotely reaching pathway and view with satisfaction the successes that gem it ail along, with scarcely a disaster or a dark passage to mar the retrospect. His companion, almost as aged as himself, has been the sharer of his labor and success for more than 60 years, and hand in hand with her husband, she gazes toward the. sundown of life with him. her countenance irradiated with the thought that nothing but connubial harmony has dwelt in her household; that her life, with that of her husband, has been a success, with no morbid modern feeling of unrest and dissatisfaction at the so-called tyranny of matrimony to mar the recollection. Mr. Beebe was born in Lyme, Conn., Feb. 22, ISOl. He was the son of JSToah and Sybil (Eathbone) Beebe. His leather was a Kevolutionary soldier, and was present at the burning of New London, Conn., by Benedict Arnold, and saw the mingled blood and oil from soldier and pork warehouse flowing through the streets ankle deep. When Calvin was seven years of age his father's family moved to Burlington, Otsego county, N. Y. At that time even interior jSTew York was a frontier country, and the Beebes settled in the woods and cleared off the primeval forest to make a farm. When Mr. Beebe was 16 .years of age he went to Oneida county, and hired out as a farm hand. When he was 19 he married Miss Sybil Linsley, a lady but one month younger than himself. They began life on 100 acres, 10 acres of which land he had cleared before marriage. They resided there five years, and in August, 1835, removed to Parkman, Ohio. This town was named for Mrs. Beebe's uncle, one of the famous Boston Parkmans. - Geo. Parkman, the man who was killed by Dr. Webster, of Boston, a tragedy that at the time shocked the community by its horrifying accompaniments, was a cousin to Mrs. Beebe. Samuel Parkman, the second richest man in Boston of his day, was Mrs. Beebe's great uncle. Her mother's family were Puritans of well-defined descent, and her father's ancestry were Scotch loyalists. The family record dates back 400 years, and an old family Bible extant among the descendants gives a record that antedates Queen Mary's reign 12 years. Her great uncle. Samuel, was one of the proprietors of ^ffew Connecticut, Ohio, and granted a mile square of this estate to Robt. P. Parkinan, her uncle. Mr. Beebe and wife lived at Parlvman 13 years. He there cleared 55 acres with his own hands. He afterward moved to Bertrand, five miles west of Niles, Mich., and there took up 160 acres of the Pottawatomie reservation. This he cleared and converted into a beautiful farm. He resided here nine years, and then removed to Cass county, and purchased 80 acres, of which he cleared 55. In 18-19 he sold this farm and went overland to California, stimulated by that spirit of enterprise which always belonged to his character. At first he stopped in the mines, but soon located in Sacramento. When lie arrived in that enibrj'o city there were but five houses there, and much of the land on which the now large and fiourishing city stands was covered with forest. This last condition was a source of profit to Mr. Beebe. A man owned 10 acres of the town plat, which he desired to clear so that he could sell the land for building lots. Mr. Beebe bought the timber thereon for $1 an acre, cut it off himself, and sold the wood, for which he realized $1,400, which was accomplished in three and one-half months, While he was employed at this he made $23 per day. He then went into the dairy business, and altogether during the nine months of his stay in California, he made $1,000. The trip took 18 months, with which snug sum he returned home by sea. He immediately bought a tarm in Mason tp., Cass county, and eight days after his arrival home he had the farmstead in order for business. In 1865 he sold this property for three times the amount he paid for it. He has been so unfortunate as to have his shoulder dislocated, and after selling his farm he bought 14 acres where he now resides, in northeast Elkhart, and fitted it up for a quiet home in his declining years. During his life-time he has cleared nearly 300 acres of heavily timbered land, and converted it into fruitful fields. If a man is a benefactor of his race who makes two blades of grass grow where erst there was but one, what praise belongs to such a man as Mr. Beebe, who has restored so many waste acres to opulent productiveness? Mr. Beebe is a member of the Methodist Church, and Mrs. Beebe belongs to the Presliyterian denomination; neither is this a source of contention in the household, liberal-mindedness and good fellowship being the spirit that actuates both these worthy examples of sterling manhood and womanhood.

During Mr. Beebe's long life he has been a strictly temperate man, never in sickness or health having used tobacco or spirituous liquors in any form, and has been a generous supporter of religion and education by example and donation, as well as to the poor.

Emmanuel 0. Bickel, of the law firm of VanFleet & Bickel, was born in Elkhart county, three miles east of the city, April 24, 1850. His father was a farmer, who came to this county from Ohio in 1843, settled on 80 acres of land, and reared a large family of children, of which Emmanuel was the third son. He had the advantages of common-school tuition when he was young, and afterward attended the Butler Institute, Goshen. During his school years he tausjht during vacation season, and was employed part of the time on the hydraulic works in Elkhart, which were then being constructed. In 1870 his father's family removed to Davis county, Missouri, and settled on a farm there. Emmanuel went to Colorado in 1873, and remained there six months, returning to Elkhart in 1871:. He soon entered the law office of John M. VanFleet, Esq., and after four years became that gentleman's partner. JEIe was married in 1876 to Miss Marietta Smith, of Hillsdale, Mich. They have 3 children, both daughters. He was appointed Deputy Prosecuting Attorney, and occupied that position for six years, but recently resigned, on account of the pressing legal business of his firm. He was the prime organizer of the Elkhart Building and Loan Association, drafting its constitution and by-laws, and doing more than any other to promote the successof that important enterprise, which is backed by a capital of $400,000. He has for four years occupied the position of Secretary of the Elkhart Lecture Association, and has deeply interested himself in that means of social improvement and pleasure. Mr. Bickel has always been a hard-working, painstaking man, and has made a success of whatever he has undertaken, and has the promise of a bright future before him.

Richard Blachhurn was born in Leeds, Torkshire, England, Nov. 9, 18-27, and is a son of Eichard and Jane (Wood) Blackburn, also natives of England. He learned the tailoring business in his native conntr}', and came to Kalamazoo, Mich., in 1852, where he remained IS months, then to Galesburg, Mich., and carried on merchant tailoring for 19 years. He came here in 1872, and established the same trade, to which he has added a full line uf clothing. His capital stock amounts to $15,000; and his sales amount to $30,000 annually. He married Miss Mary Pounder in 1853. They had 10 children, 7 of whom are living: Alice, Lillie, Abbie, Emma, Jennie, Mariam and Richard.

Edward K. Boyer was born in Snyder county, Pa., Jan. 10, 1845. His father's name was Phillip S. Boyer, and his mother, previous to marriage, was Miss Amelia Kessler. His father was a farmer, and Edward remained with his parents until their death, which occurred when he was 11 years of age. Afterward he lived with his uncle till he was 17, when he enlisted in the war of the Eebellion. In 1861 he re-enlisted, and went out with the 74th Regiment. He was at the battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Bermuda Hundred, Fort Fisher and several other engagements. After the war he worked in a woolen mill a year. He was married on Feb. 2, 1866, to Miss Louisa G. Kantz. He removed to Elkhart Aug. 17, 1866, and was for some time employed in Palmer & Davenport's woolen mill; he worked four j'ears in the railroad foundry here under F. L. Collins; was a clerk one year in the grocei-y store of F. L. Kremer, and afterward went into business with Kinzy & Boyer, which relation was continued three years; then he formed a partnership with M. L. Stevenson, at 210 South Main street, and the iirm has done business till the present time. He has 2 children, James F. and Clyde E. He is a member of the English Evangelical Churcl'., of which he is a Trustee. In 1879 he was appointed Street Comnnssioner, but owing to business engagements declined to serve. Mr. Boyer is recognized as one of the representative business men of Elkiiart.

Robert D. Sraden was born April 6, ISIO, in Ross county. Ohio. He was the son of Robert and Elizabeth (Dean) Braden. Robert passed his time on his father's farm till he was 21. Mr. Braden's father was a native of Ireland, and emigrated to America just after the Revolution, landing at Philadelphia the day before Washington gave his farewell address to the army. When Robert was of age he engaged to work in a blacksmith shop, managed by his brother. He remained in this employment three years, and was married to Jane Wallace in 1834. They removed to Hardin county, Ohio, where he carried on a blacksmithing business. In IS'li he removed his family to Elkhart. He found here a small village, but a congenial spirit among the inhabitants. Among the more prominent people here then was Silas Baldwin, the Brodericks, Dr. Beardsley, Geo. Crawford and the Davenports. Mr. Broderick was in the dry-goods business, and John Davenport was engaged in the same line. There was a little mill on Christian creek, in the northern part of the town, and the saw-mill that had formerl}' rasped tlie air and ripped the logs on the Elkhart had been burned. Mr. Braden established a blacksmith shop, which was the third in the town. He received most of his pay for work in "truck;'' all trade was by exchange of labor and commodities. His first shop was on the ground now occupied by the postoffice. He built the shop where his sons now work in 1856. The first Mrs. Braden died in March, 1863, leaving 4 children, James, Robert, Scott and Belle. The boys are now blacksmiths, managing the shop and business founded by their father. The daughter, Belle, married Ellis Ludlow, he dying nine years ago, leaving her 5 children to care for. She resides in Elkhart. In 1864 Mr. Braden married again, this time Mrs. Margaret Broderick, widow of Mark A. Broderick. This lady is still living. Mr. Braden's recollection of the early history of Elkhart is interesting. There are now but three houses standing that were here when Mr. Braden arrived in 1844. Mrs. Braden has been in Elkhart 46 3'ears. When she arrived the site of the city was covered with forest, and the river was crossed by ferry. Mr. Braden has served for two years as Town Marshal; was elected a member of the Board of Trustees in 1872; and was elected to a seat in the Common Council from the second ward in 1876, and served in this capacity two years. He is a member of the Masonic order. Latterly Mr. Braden has been an invalid, from chronic disease.

Histoey Of Elkhart Couxtt

Sussex county, ^N". J., April 30, 1S05, near tlie site of the present town of Lafayette. His early educational advantages were limited. At the age of 11 years he went to Piqua. Ohio, and entered the store of "William Johnson. He soon after went with his father to Allen county, where the latter was employed as blacksmith at the Shawnee Indian ag-enc}' for 12 years. After residing awhile in Piqua county, again Sir. B. returned to the Indian agency at Wapaukonetta and engaged in selling goods to and trading with the Shawnee Indians, whose language he learned to speak fluently. He was married in 1831 to Margaret Herry, by wliom he had 5 children. The subject of this sketch, Charles B., is a leading mercliant in Elkhart; he was in Colorado at one time with neither friends nor money, and when he engaged in business, he had no capital, save what he had earned by his own efforts. He is now a prominent stockholder in the Excelsior Starch Factory at Elkhart, a history of which is given elsewhere in this work. He and his brother own a half interest in a business house of Elkhart, known by the firm name of Broderick Brothers & Hazelton. He was married Sept. 5, 1S70, to Miss Henrietta Daley, by whom he has 1 child. Pearl.

Henry T. Brotunlng was born in Columbia countj', IST. Y., Sept. 10, 1846. He was the son of Thomas Browning and Eliza (Butts) Browning; his father was a physician in Chatham and practiced there for 25 years. The famil}' emigrated to Kalamazoo, Mich., when Henry was 10 years of age. He attended the city schools of Kalamazoo and spent a year of study in the State University at Lansing, passing through the chemical course of that institution. In lS61-'5 he was in the commissary department of the army, and was mostly stationed at New Orleans. On leaving the army he engaged in the drug business at Howell, Mich., first being employed as clerk, then taking a half interest, and finally buying the entire stock. In 1876 he removed to Elkhart and bought out Isaac Bucklen & Sons, druggists, and has continued business in the same line ever aince. He occupies a fine store on the northeast corner of Jackson and Main streets, one of the most centrally located in the city. Mr. Browning was married in 1874, to Miss Mary L. McPherson, of Holland, Mich., and has a son and daughter, Mac and Bessie. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is one of the Board of Trustees of the Elkhart schools. He is a director of the St. Joseph Valley Building and Loan Association and treasurer of the Elkhart Lecture Association.

Isaac BucJden was born in the town of Winfield, New York, Aug. 80, 1816, and is a son of Simeon and Mary (Southwick) Bucklen, natives of Worcester, Mass. He was reared on a farm, and his early education was received in the common schools. He farmed the home place until 1859, when he removed to Coldwater, Mich. He came to Elkhart and engaged in the drug business for 15 years, being very successful. He has since sold the stock of drugs and rented his store room, and is now a member of the firm of H. E.

Bucklen &Co., Chicago and Elkhart, manufaetnrers of Dr. King's New Discovery, Electric Bitters, and Bucklen's Arnica Salve. He was married in September, 1842, to Miss Olive Wilcox, by whom he has had i children, 2 of whom are living, Mary and Herbert E. The latter is the head of the firm just mentioned.

Henry Burgess was born in Napierville, Canada, ISTov. 3, 1841, a son of Julian Burgess, and was reared and educated in his native town. He came to Valparaiso. Ind., in 1861, where he remained in the employ of the Pittsburg & Fort Wayne Railroad Company for about seven years. Pie then came to Elkhart, where he has ever since been in the employ of the L. S. & M. S. E,. R. Co.,- occupying the situation of conductor. He was married in 1872 to Mrs. Susan Look, daughter of Conrad Koehler. She was born in Goshen, this county. They have had 4 children, 3 of whom are living, viz.: Plarry, Merton and Guy Garfield. Mrs. Burgess was first married to Levi J^ook, by whom she had 3 children ; Libbie, Addie and Levie.

John H. JButterfielcl, a prominent liveryman of Elkhart, was born in Erie county, X. Y., Sept. 1, 1830, and is a son of James and Elizabeth (Faircbild) Butterfield. Mr. B. was brought up on a farm and educated in the common schools. He came with his parents to Washtenaw county, Mich., in 1831. He engaged in the livery business in diflTerent places in Michigan, and in 1860 located in Elkhart, and consequently is the oldest liveryman in this place. He is doing an extensive business in his line. He was married in 1853 to Mi'ss Mary C. Tnttle. in Livingston county, Mich. They have 1 child, Frank W. Mrs. Butterfield died in 1857, and he again married in 1861, this time Miss Alzina Manchester, of JSriagara county, ]Sl. Y., by whom he also had 1 child, Clara. His second wife died in 1862, and Mr. Butterfield again married in 1866, this time Mrs. Ann M. Burns. This union was blessed with 3 children, namely: Mary, Hattie and George. Mr. B. is a member of the Knights of Honor and of the Royal Arcanum.

Dr.Frank S. Carlton, dentist, was born in Cleveland tp., this county. May 18, 1840, and is a son of Jacob D. and Lucy S. Carlton, natives of Cleveland, Ohio. His grandfather, Ahimiah Sherwin, now resides in Cleveland, at the age of 92 years. Our subject spent his early days upon the farm of his father in Cleveland tp., and received a common-school education. He also attended school in Hillsdale, Mich. At the sound of the war trumpet he stepped boldly to the front, and was the first to enlist from his tp., in the three months' service. He served the time in Co. C, 9th Ind. Vol. Inf., and then re-enlisted for three years in Co. C, 74th Ind. Vol. Inf., but was discharged in about nine months on account of disability. In 1873 he established a dentistry office, and has built up a large practice. He was married in 1863 to Miss Carrie M. Kellogg, by whom he has 2 children, Charley and Byron.

Oeo. Cole is the fourth son and fourth child of a family of 5 children; was born Feb. 18, 1833, in Huron county, O.; his parents were Edward and Mary Cole. He was reared on a farm and his education was received in a common school. He came to this county in Febrnary, 1S59, where he has since resided, engaged in farming and stock-raising on a farm of li5-^ acres. He was married Dec. 31, 1S63, to Anetta Walker, daughter of Lucius and Lydie Walker, natives of Orange county, Vt. They have had 1 child, Arthur Walker. Mrs. Cole was born in Vershire, Vt., Aug. 27, 1S37. ^ M)-. Cole is a hearty supporter of the principles of .Democracy.

G. E. Comjptow was born in Osolo tp., this county, Aug. 5, IS'19, and is a son of Ezekiel and Frances (Ward) Compton, who came to this county during the pioneer days of 1833. He was brought up on a farm and educated in Elkhart and the county schools. He came to Elkhart in 1S65; was in the employ of Davenport & Hope for five years, and vv-ith A. A. Beardsley for four years. He then, in 1874, formed a parcnership with Mr. Header in the dry-goods and boot and shoe trade. He now carries a stock valued at $15,- 000, and his annual sales amount to $4:0,000. He was married in 1S77, to Miss Lizzie, daughter of Samuel Ames. They have 1 child, EEermaa. Mrs. Compton is a member of the Congregational Church.