Elkhart County, Indiana - Topographical and Industrial, 1881 (part 1 of 11)

Topographical and Industrial

A few words on the topograph}- of the couutj' and its industrial establishments will suffice to show the advantages which surrounded the earh^ settlers, and the rapidity with which they built up the many hives of industry that now afford uibor to thousands of hardy sous of toil.

is situate in the heart of the territory, once known as the St. Joseph country. From the Michigan State line to its southern limits is a fraction over 23 miles, and its breadth, from Noble county on the east to St. Joseph county on the west, 21 miles. Its total area is 4S3 square miles, or about 309.000 acres, - almost all capable of a high state of cultivation. In the records dealing with the transactions of the Board of Justices and Board of Commissioners, the dates affecting the organization of the county are given; but for the purposes of this topographical sketch, the names assigned to the townships by those ancient county governors are here given: Elkhart, Concord, Jackson, Benton, Middlcbury, Harrison, Jefferson, Union, Clinton, York, Washington, Osolo, Locke, Olive, Baugo and Cleveland.

The principal agricultural products of tlie county are wlieat, corn, flax, potatoes, oats, clover seed, witli all the garden and orchard products known in this latitude. The luxuriant grasses insure large returns under the head of dairy products, sheepfarming is extensive, while cattle and hogs sum up a large item in the wealth of the people. The county is not totally deficient in minerals, as iron ore has been discovered in many districts, and it is considered that a portion of the great coal field of Indiana

The Rivek3 And Streams

The St. Joseph river enters the county in Yoi'k township, and flows in a southwesterly course through "Washington, Concord and Bauo-o. The advantages it confers upon this portion of the State, and particularly on this county, can not be questioned. The St. Joseph and its tributaries have had a share in building up the city of Elkhart, and perhaps many years will not elapse until the prosperous village of Bristol will advance itself to t!ie importance of a large and populous town.

The Elkhart river enters the county in Benton township, and taking a northwesterly coarse pursues its tortuous way through the townships of Jackson, Elkhart, Jeiferson and Concord, making a confluence with the St. Joseph at the city of Elkhart. Along its route it furnishes a complete water-power, more particularly at Goshen, where, di'awn by man from its original channel, it sets the machinei-y of many mills in motion and thus contributes vastly to the prosperity of the city and connty.

The Christiana creek enters the county in Osolo township, and flowing south through Concord unites its swift waters with those of the St. Joseph. By this stream the first mill wheels ever set in motion here were turned, but the original structure has long ago disappeared to give place to another and more extensive enterprise, known as Beardsley, Davenport & Cook's Paper Mills.

This little stream has acted its part well, and still continues to flow on with undiminished vigor, reminding the passing traveler of other days, when Missionary Carey had the hardihood to compare its swift current to his wife's loquacity, and call it Christiana in her honor.

Yellow creek is purely Elkhartian. It begins in Harrison township and ends in Concord, where it empties into the Elkhart river. It, too, fulfills a part in the economy of nature.

Turkey creek enters the coi;nty in Jackson township, and forms a confluence with the Elkhart river near the village of Waterford, within a few miles of Goshen.

Stonej, Soloman's and Puterbaugli creeks are all diminutive streams, but capable of conferring many benefits upon the districts through which they flow, and niiglit with little trouble be made to afford a water-power.

Pine creek confers many advantages on Jefferson township. A tew mills are worked by its power, and it is of inestimable value to the farming interests.

Rock Run is another Elkhartian stream; it has its source in the eastern township of Clinton, iiows through Goshen, and forms a junction with the Elkhart river a few miles northwest of the city, near the Chalybeate springs. The ruins of John Carpenter's cornmill, near the confluence, are still visible.

There are numerous springs and streams throughout the county, each one filling its place unostentatiously and well. Every convenience that a people can derive from rivers and streams is within their reach, so that in this respect the county is all that can be desired.

The height of land occurs in the southern portion of the county, where the parting of the waters may be witnessed, - one set of streams flowing toward the sunny South, and the other toward the icy North. Jefferson, Elkhart, Washington and Middlebury townships contain some hilly tracts; but they are all capable of cultivation and are highly productive. The northern townships comprise very rich lands, both uimber and prairie; the southern districts were covered with heavy forests of oak, maple, beech, walnut and other species of trees when first seen by the old settlers ; but the labors of 50 years have stripped the grand old woods of their primeval majesty, and now only enough remain to ornament the country and give promise of fuel and lumber for the uses of home industries. Elkhart and Goshen are the two centers of wealth and civilization. All the conveniences of the West and luxuries of the East may be found in these little cities, so that where, a little over a half century ago, the wild Miami or Pottawatomie held his war-dance or dog feast, are to-day seen thrifty and beautiful towns and villages, inhabited by a people in a high state of civilization.

A Sketch Of Old And New Industries

Tolume, soil of unexcelled fertility, and a people of remarkable business enterprise were all crowded into one small county. The enterprising saw at a glance the wealth which surrounded them, - the natural resources of the land, - and grasping the situation entered without delay on that career of prosperity which placed Elkhart county among the first and wealthiest divisions in this State.

The measures taken by the earl}' settlers to open up this country to immigrants and commerce deserve a notice in these pages. Though they did not succeed in carrying the work through to completion, they u-ere tlie first to inaugurate it, and so claim the honors which usually jjertain to first reformers.

Buffalo Akd Mississippi Eaileoad

At a meeting held at South Bend Feb. 21, 1S37, the following named gentlemen presented certificates of their election as members of the directory of this company: William Latta, James R McCord, Goshen; Kobert Stewart, Michigan City; John Brown and Aaron Staunton, of La Porte. The meeting of shareholders elected at the same time Robert Stewart as President, and John Brown, Treasurer of the company. After a formal organization of the meeting it was resolved that " books for the subscription of stock be opened on the second Tuesday of March next, at the following places: Michigan City, La Porte, South Bend, Goshen, Elkhart, Lima and Steuben, by the following named persons residing in the said respective places, viz.: by David Sprague, in Michigan City; William Allen, in La Porte; John A.Hendricks, in South Bend; by James E,. McCord, in Goshen; by George Ci-awford,in Elkhai-t; by Ephraira Seeley, in Lima; and by Thomas Gale, in Steuben; that each of said persons before opening said books be required to file with the president a bond in the penal sum (if ten thousand dollars, with security, to the approval of the president, conditioned for the well and faithful paying over to the treasurer of the company all such sums as may be received by them on such subscriptions of stock." Many other resolutions of a like form, succeeded by one requesting the editors of the Goshen Express, La Porte Herald, Michigan City Gazette and the South Bend Free Press to publish the proceedings of this meeting, show- ing the progressive character of the settlers. ISlov were the editors idle in the matter; for early in March Dr. E. W. H. Ellis addressed the people on the subject, reminding them of its vast importance both to themselves, their posterity and their common country. It further saj-s: "An opportunity will be offered on the second Tuesday of this month for you to prove to the world that the spirit of enterprise is not entirely extinct, and that you have a proper regard for the interests at stake, by coming up to contribute with your neighbors in pushing forward this grand improvement. Let every man put his shoulder to the wheel, and the car, which must scatter wealth around your doors, must move forward! Books will be opened on the second Tuesday of this month in this town and Elkhart, and we trust there is not a farmer in the whole country who will so far forget his own pockets as to neglect the proper means of tilling them by subscribing for stocl« If we do wish for these and other benefits arising from this project, let no one depend on his neighbor for its advancement, but all come forward with the single determination of pushing it ahead."

This railroad agitation extended over a few years; but owing to some unaccountable opposing influence the immediate results were certainly trivial and unprofitable. However, later years saw the extension of tlie iron road, so that now it may safely be stated that every farmer and merchant has all the facilities which railroads ofier within easy reach. The progress of the railway was slow. In fact, for many years it was doubtful when the snorting of the iron horse would echo through the woods and along the rivers of the county; but the pioneer of commercial and agricultural prosperity appeared at length upon the scene, and now has so grown in size and wealth as to require the following exhibit on the duplicate books of the county.

Agricultural Products

This report for 1879 was furnished to the Department of Statistics and Geology by Auditor Heukel, who compiled it from the I'eports of the township assessors.

The fairs, or more properly, county expositions, have, during the past few years, become remarkably identified with progress. It has been truly said that with the exception of those that were held during unpleasant weather the county, district, and local fairs of the past season have been well patronized. The comparative large attendance at these fairs may be accounted for in various ways. Times are prosperous in the country, and farmers generally have plenty of money to spend. The roads have been in excellent condition, and the railroads have made reductions to persons attending fairs. There is a great deal of interest in fast horses, and horse races form the leading attraction at most of the fairs. Most of the addresses have been made by politicians, and pains have been taken to secure crowds to hear them.

All the reports of the fairs speak of the large ci'owds assembled, of tlie fast trotting, aud of the applause that followed the speeches of the politicians. A gentleman who recently occupied the presidential chair attended several fairs and was the means of adding laro'elv to the receipts. The present president attended a few and caused many other people to attend. A gentleman who hopes to be president, and who is interested in farming to some extent, attended a few fairs in his own State, and proved to be almost as o-reat an attraction as a balloon filled with smoke, a sleight-of-hand performer, or a horse that has trotted a mile inside of two minutes and a quarter. At some fairs female runners have been the means of drawing very large crowds.

The reports of most fairs make no mention of any display of field and garden crops, dairy products, or of useful domestic animals and fowls. Tlie failure to mention these articles is probably owino- to the fact that they did not constitute conspicuous features of the exhibition. It is likely tliat there were some pens of sheep and pigs, some coops of chickens, some stalls filled with cattle of different breeds, and a few horses that were not designed for the race-course. It is also likely that there were some specimens of corn, wheat aud other grains as well as a few packages of butter and cheese. In the vicinity of the " fine-art hall " were probably displayed a few beets, cabbages, pumpkins, squashes, and other garden vegetables, and some specimens of fruit.

The display of farm products, however, was not sufiicient to attract persons who were intei-ested in their production. This is not to be wondered at, as the premiums oflered for them were ridiculously small, not enough in many cases to pay the cost of bringing them to the fair. The managers of the exhibition did not relv on these articles t(> render the show attractive or to secure a laro-e attendance. They knew very well that the more nearly a fair resembles a circus the better it is patronized. They accordingly arranged to have a large number of fast horses present, as well as several persons who would render themselves amusing. They also allowed numerous showmen to exhibit disgusting monstrosities within the inclosure on the payment of a license to the managers of the fair.

It is not enough to say that fairs have not improved any during the past twenty-five years. The truth is, they have greatly depreciated in interest and in value to the agricultural community. At the time when specimens of the imiproved breeds of animals were scarce, it was of great advantage to farmers to have aa opportunity to see them. INow they have become so common as to be no longer curiosities. The like is true in relation to new breeds of poultry and farm machinery of various kinds. At one time there was great interest in plowing matches and in field trials of different kinds of machines. Of late there have been no trials of skill or any tests of the merits ot different kinds of machinery.

It is likely that local associations made a grave mistake in allowino- all persons to compete for premiums. The practice has become o-eneral for professional breeders to take tiieir stock to all the fairs they can reach during a season. As a consequence, they take all the premiums of the stock of the kind they breed and discourage others from exhibiting at all. The professional breeders who can exhibit at 20 fairs derive a large sum l)y way of premiums, and at the same time advertise their stock if they do not make sales on the spot. The presence of show herds on the fair-grounds discourages small In-eeders who live in the country or district, as well as farmers who raise stock while they are engaged in general agricultural pursuits.

Of late most persons have curae to look on the award of prizes at fairs with considerable distrust, if not with absolute contempt. They know that the great majority of judges are not competent to make awards according to the real merits of the animals or farm products that they examine. They may be honest, but they are lacking in knowledge and are easily imposed upon. Many who are appointed judges by the managers of fairs fail to attend, and their places are snpplied by persons found on the fair-grounds. The practice of distributing premiums in such a manner as to give the best satisfaction to the various exhibitors has become general. Judges who are conscious that they are incompetent hesitate about making awards, and generally divide them in a way they think v/ill give no offense.

To make awards that shall be in the highest degree satisfactory to the breeders of tine stock it is necessary to employ the services of experts who shall pe paid for their trouble. This is the course pursued at the principal fairs in Great Britain, and the awards made there generally give satisfaction to the various exhibitors. The judges devote a large amount of time to the stock in each class, and make a diligent comparison of the scale of points. Exhibitors and all others interested learn by the decision of the jitdges not only which animals are, in their opinion, superior to the others on exhibition, but in what particular and to what extent they are superior. A decision of this kind is of great'advantage to breeders, as they may learn by it what animals to couple in order to produce young that shall combine the numerous points of excellence to the highest degree. In England a prize animal ranks for more than it does in this country, on account of the high reputation of tlie judges and the great pains taken in making the awards. Here it does not add much to the reputation of an animal that it takes the first prize at a fair.

When the managers of a small county fair advertise that "competition is open to the world." they give notice to farmers in the vicinity that the chances of their obtaining prizes are very small. It the premiums offered are sufficient to attract wealthy professional breeders tliey will be present with their show herds, and, as a matter of course, will take all the premiums. The expense of driving animals to a fair, of taking care of them for four or five days, and driving them back to the farms where they belong, is considerable. In addition to this there is ordinarily an entrance fee and the cost of a season ticket for the exhibitor. Few farmers will be at all this expense and trouble simply to render a fair interesting. If there is no prospect of receiving some recognition of the merits of their animals they will keep them at home. If competition was restricted to the county, however, there would be a friendly rivalry among the local farmers and stockbreeders. They would have a reasonable idea of what they would have to contend against, and would run the risk of exhibiting.

Professional breeders can take their stock to most fairs with less expense and trouble than persons can who live in the samecounty. They have but to load them on cars and unload them in the vicinity of the fair grounds. If the animals themselves are " professionals," or members of a " show herd," they are accustomed to traveling on railroads and will step on or ofl" a car with as little hesitancy as a commercial traveler. They are not frightened at any of the sights they see or any of the noises they hear in a strange place. They will make for the best stall on the fair-ground as expeditiously as a " drummer " will secure the best room in a hotel, though the proprietor has announced to the public that thev are all full.

A county fair should be managed in such a way as to encourage agriculture, horticulture, and stock-raising among the people of the county. Inducements should be held out that would cause nearly all the fanners to exhibit. Persons are most interested in an exhibition in which tliey take part. To be first in the county in the production of any class of animals or any kind of'field crops is a distinction that most farmers will strive to obtain. Eestricting competitions to the people of the county in which a fair is held often has the effect of causing;farmers to purchase improved stock, partly for the purpose of exhibiting it at the annual fair. It also has the effect of inspiring local pride, as the farmers do not like to have their fair compared unfavorably with one held in an adjoining county.

The managers of many local fairs have not been content with limiting competition to the '- world." They have even extended it to " the flesh and the devil," and the latter has not been slow in embracing the opportunity offered to exhibit his wares. His trusted agents are found in tents, stalls, and booths, engaged in practices that should not be tolerated in any civilized community. In these vile places monstrosities are exhibited that are disgusting in the extreme. Books and pictures are sold that would corrupt the morals of pirates and highwaymen. Games of chance are played in which there are no chances of winning the money that is staked. Songs are sung and low jokes exchanged that would disgrace the vilest den in Five Points. These abominations are bringing many fairs into disrepute.

Many boys get their first taste of liquor and take their first lesson in progressive vice on the grounds at a county fair. They invest some money in a prize stationery package that contains a brass ring, ornamented with a piece of colored glass, and borrow more capital to make another investment. They hear vulgar expressions in a side-show, which they repeat among their playmates. The grounds of many fair associations require purifying, and then need a faithful watch kept over them. Managers should know that thieves, pickpockets, gamblers, sleight-of-hand performers, and the venders of obscene literature are among the first to procure fair lists and to prepare to make excursions. A combined effort should be made to exclude these persons from fair grounds.

The practice that has become very common of late of offering prizes for fancy work, drawings, poor paintings, natural curiosities, school exercises, and a hundred other things that have no immediate or remote connection with any department of agriculture, is questionable. They occupy space that should be devoted to farm, garden, orchard and dairy products. They detract attention from the articles for the exhibition for which agricultural fairs were instituted. The premiums oiiered for them require a considerable portion of the entire receipts of the fair, and diminish the premiums given for agricultural products. They may all be well enough in their place, but there is no more propriety in displaying them at an agricultural fair tlian at a camp-meeting or a political convention.

Let the pi'ojectors of these expositions order the exclusion of the votaries of nonsense, and the institution will be quite in keeping with this progressive age.

The editor of the D'tihj Review has given much attention to the resources of the county. In his columns he shows the remarkable progress, and treats the subject with characteristic candor.

" The Review " he says " will be pardoned if its claims on behalf of Elkhart county appear at all extravagant, for certainly nothing can be further from its wish. On the contrary, it believes that a statement of facts alone, without embellishment, is all that is needed to attract even greater and more wide-spread attention to a section of country that has already received almost every possible recognition at the hands of the Almighty - a section of the State that has from a wilderness, and within the memory of living men, been converted into a garden of frnitfnlness and a busy hive of productive labor."

The comparative statements elsewhere given, and compiled from the tax duplicates every tenth year from 1845 to 18'75 inclusive, are more eloquent than figures usually are, and yet in a concise, unpretentious way they speak of a constant influx of immigration; of hard work and patient endeavor on the part of the pioneers and of those who have come after them. They speak of a prudent, economical and accumulative people, whose povei-ty changed to competencies and wealth by dint of labor. They also show us a ratio of growth that is enconraging.

In 1845 the appraised value of ail taxables in the county was but $1,31 9,314. Ten years later the valuation was $5,074,894, an increase of §3.755,580. and in 1855 the valuation of personal property was greater than the total valuation of lands, improvements and personal property combined of 1845.

shown. The farming lands in the county, in 1855 appraised at $1,147,383, in 1865 were appraised at $3,597,891, while the value of personal property had swelled from one and a half millions to three and a third millions of dollars.

Of course no one will understand for a moment that these figures represent the real valuation, but as the ratio of assessment has continued essentially the same they serve to show the ratio of increase.

Such a gratifying showing can really be nothing hut a statement of the relation of cause to effect. We see before us both the cause and effect. AYe see a county comprising an area of 300,120 acres, and of that total area the per cent, of waste land is merely nominal. AVe see railways traversing the county in every direction, and whether we ride through the county on the cars or by private conveyance, we note upon every hand evidences of improvement. We see attractive farm houses, we behold large barns and out-buildings, the fences are in repair, a very considerable proportion of the land is under cultivation, and we can hardly realize that these effects have all been brought about within so few years.

We visit the factories of Elkhart and Goshen - they are many and they give employment to large capital and hundreds of workmen and work- women; we know that through them Elkhart county is levying tribute upon communities elsev/here throughout the length and breadth of the land; and we can hardly realize that this system of productive enterprise, with its manifold ramifications, is, so far as our county is coucerned, the child of to-day, as it were.

And while the county possesses all the attractions of a rich agricultural section, while its prairies, its " bari'eus " and its erstwhile forests produce the fruits of the fields in abundance, we realize that the grandest development of the future must come from our constantly increasing manufacturing interest.

The abundance of water-power obtainable in the county is the " open sesame" of its success thus far, and will prove the magic watchword by wliich difficult pathways may be traversed and otherwise impenetrable barriers passed. The principal streains of the county are the St. Joseph. Elkhart, Bango, Christiana, Little Elkhart, Yellow creek. Pine creek, Rock Eun and Turkey creek. Elkhart river furnishes magnificent water-power at Elkhart, Goshen.

Beaton and other points ; the St. Joseph, at Elkhart, affords sufficient power to operate almost countless factories, and at Bristol a magnificent power can be obtained from it. At Middlebury the Little Elkhart aftords good power; Pine creek serves to operate a number of saw mills along its course, and so does Bock Bun. At Goshen and at Elkhart a system of hydraulics, costing thousands upon thousands of dollars, has been perfected, and the power that nature has provided has been conserved to a degree that augurs well for the future.

Cpiapter Xiy Newspapers And Their Constituents

God and the intelligence of the American people Lave given a free American press! It is the exponent of the American mind with few exceptions, and these only occur in the few cases where, ignorance leads the freeman of our soil to become a convert to the European school of fl-unkej'ism, or where the people are so shortsighted as to permit an immigrant newspaper writer to indulge in eulogies on the greatness of transatlantic peoples. Some unfortunate men are so situated: tiiough happily few in number, their nonsensical praise of the slave-holding monarchies of the world rests only in the minds of the more imbecile of our citizens, so that now, and to our shame, it is not very uncommon to hear a man, born on this free soil and raised under its liberty-inspiring inHuences, extolling the glories and the pageants of foreign lands. It is all most disgusting trash! There is little in the government of Europe, iji the slavery of four-lifths of its population, to commend itself; and the knowledge of this, so prevalent in the United States, is a full safeguard against the growth of that foolish, if not unnatural and most pernicious vice commonly called flunkeyism. The people understand their duties to the Republic, and none among them more so than these indefatigable men who identify themselves with the press of the country.

Elkhart county has been really blessed in its newspaper men; all evidences point out the writers of the past to equal those of the present; flunkeyism was not the attribute of one of them: they labored late and early in training the minds of their constituents, and in most cases in a philosopical manner; so that they conferred inestimable good on the district, and won, by degrees, the confidence of the people. They opposed all innovations and constitu- (603) tiona! amendiuents which might hare a tendency to subvert the principles of this Government; they set their denunciations of tyrannical and ari^itrary measures in " black-letter;" they stigmatized moral cowardice, and showed that from the village council roona to the chambers of the national Government virtue should be doubly cherished, and vice subjected to rebuke and punishment, and thus bestowed a mine of sound reason upon the nation, and deserved a share of national gratitude. A reader may possibly imagine that the idea is too far fetched; but let him claim the confidence of the men under notice, or act their ]mrt for even a brief space of time, and then a full realization of their labors and their sacrifices will break upon his mind. He will learn something of their studies and their anxieties, and join with the writer in the high opinion which he has formed of the honest newspaper men of the Republic and of this county.

The question of enchaining the press has often, presented itself to the favored few. Some severe measures were enforced against a little editorial band in this country not many years ago; and though the honesty of the men deserved a higher consideration at the hands of Congress, their terrible denunciations of a just war half justified their punishment, and left the dangerous precedent uncriticised. Victor Hugo, who has labored in the interest of man's political freedom throughout a long and eventful life, has given a beautiful idea of the press in his eloquent warning to the French legislators: Consider well what you would Jo,"' said he. ''Reflect on the task that j^ou have undertaken, and measure it well before you commence. Suppose you should succeed: when you have destroyed tlie press there will remain something more to destroy. - P.irisI "When you have destroyed Paris, there remain France. V\^heu you have destroyed France there will remain the human mind. I repeat it. let this great European alarm party measure the immensity of the task which, in their heroism, they would attempt. Though they annihilate the press to the last journal. Paris to the last pavement, France to the last hamlet, they will have done nothing. There will yet remain for them to destroy something always paramount, above the generations, and, as it were, between man and his Maker; something that has written all the books, invented all the arts, discovered all the worlds, founded all the civilizations; something which will always grasp, under the form of revolutions what is not yielded under the form of progress;

The veteran writer makes the press almost synonjnions with the nation. Prescribe its liberty and the nation suffers: therefore let us regard and cherisli onr newspapers, - stigmatize what is corrupt in them, and applaud their justice. Such is due by the people to the press and to the nation.

The Northwestern Review and St. Joseph Intelligencer became a reality Nov. 16, 1831. It was the result of the literary and mechanical enterprise of two 3'oung journalists, J. D. and J. H. Defrees, and may be considered the lirst newspaper devoted to the interests of the St. Joseph country, as well as the first local sheet presented to and published for readers in this county. On May 23, 1832, the Messrs. Defrees removed the office of the Pioneer to the second story of a house in South Bend, once the tavern of Mr. Lilly, and being established there, gave to the journal the name of the St. Joseph Beacon, devoting its columns more particularly to the interests of the St. Joseph country. This was tlie troublous period of the Sac war excitement, which the sensible reasoning of the editors of the Beacon failed to allay. J. D. Defrees opposed his columns to the unwise action of the State in sending the 40th Regiment to the front, and again he criticised severely the conduct of the regiment, so that the enmity of the volunteers was not to be wondered at. On the return of the 40th from Chicago in 1832, the more reckless men attacked the Beacon office, and would have given it up to destruction had not wise counsel prevailed.

The Beacon continued to be published at South Bend until 1834, when Mr. J. D. Defrees transferred his office to White Pigeon. Previously, in 1833, Mr. J. H. Defrees disposed of his interest in the Beacon, and removing to Goshen, entered on that commercial career which has taken such a very important part in building up a prosperous town.

T\i& G:05\\&n Express was the first print projected withia Elkhart county, the first number being issued Jan. 28, 1837, and on the lapse of this name it was succeeded by the Northern Indianian in the latter months of 1839. This journal was edited by C. L. Murray from its beginning to its last issue, and was a most important auxiliary in forwarding the good of the people.

The Goshen Democrat. The first days of Ausust, 1873, witnessed' the transfer of the Democrat from Col. Melvin B. Hascall to Messrs. C. L.Murray and Wra. A. Beane,with the former of the new proprietors in the editorial chair. ]'"our da^'s after the transfer, or on Aug. 6, the editor addressed his constituents, and so pertinent was his review of the Deraocrat from its establishment to his time, that it will meet the whole requirements of history in this connection.

the great majority of our readers, we are well known," said Mr. Murray. In all the public events which have transpired and agitated the people we have takeu a more or less active part. We have been their representative and their senator preceding and during the M'ar. and thus shared their confidence as well as experienced somewhat of piiblic life. When but a boy we were put into a printing office, in Towanda, Bradford county, Pa. We followed the fortunes of our brother-in-law, Warren Jenkins, with a printing office, in 1S29, to Milan, Huron countj', Ohio, and from thence, in 1S32. to Columbus, the capital of the State, whei-e in a few years we graduated as a jonrne^-man printer and assumed the foremanship of the Ohio Statesma.n, and was in that oftice when its proprietors, Gilbert and Melcher. sold to Sam. Medary. In 1836, in conjunction with David P. Espy, another brother-in-law, -we purchased the office of the Picjua Courier, in Piqua, Miami county, (Dhio, and along in 1836, sold out to J. D. Barrington; and at the solicitation of John D. Defrees and James H. Barns (a committee appointed by the citizens of Goshen to hunt up a printer liere) we proceeded to (.'incinnati, purchased materials, brought them as far as Dayton by canal, and wagoned them the balance of the way to the "Land of Goshen," and, in partnership with Anthony Defrees, Jr., published the first paper in Goshen. Soon after Mr. Defrees sold out his interest, and we became its sole owner and editor.

" The Goshen Democrat, edited by Tliomas H. Bassett, followed about six months after the establishment of the Goshen Express. iSTeither paper at that time could live independent of the private contributions of their respective friends. Becoming involved in the general smash-up of the banks in 1838, the Express was taken off" our hands by a number of gentlemen, who formed a company to sustain it. AVe retained an interest in the paper and conducted it for them. The original article of association now lies before us, signed with their own hands, yellow and worn with age ; while most of the men - active, prominent men and politicians then - now molder in their graves. They are as follows: - John W. Yiolett, Oliver Crane, James H. Barns, Joseph H. Defrees, Johnston Latta, Elias Manning. Elias Baker, W. A. Thomas, Cephas Hawks, Fred. A. Harris, L. G. Harris. John Stauifer, Latta, Sam. H. Clymer. John D. Defrees, J. L. Defrees, Davenport and Haine, Thomas Thomas, Jonathan AVyland, H. Beardsley, E. S. Hinton. James Frier, Mark B. Thompson, John Weed. Geo. Crawford, J. D. A^ail. John McBride, John Itohrer, Jacob Cornell, (3wen Coffin, and James 11. McCord. AVhen we look back to those early times in our liistory and can think of snch men as these as our associates and friends.it makes our heart glow v/ithajust pride. The memory of the dead brings back many pleasant recollections, and the living have always our highest personal regard.

"The printing-office was finally, after a great many vicissitudes, sold and taken to Elkhart, and from there, in 1S45, purchased by F. A. and L. G. Harris, and carried to Monoquet, Kosciusko county, wliere we had again tlie honor of publishing the first paper, continuing it there a little over one year, until the countj' seat was Unally settled at Warsaw; it was sold out to Peter L. Runyan and taken to that town. We moved to Indianapolis in 18-16, and was employed by J. D. Defrees as a writer on the State Joibrnal. After remaining there through the Ta3'lor canrpaign we returned to Jefferson township, where we had previously bought land, and erected a log cabin, went to work, cleared up a farm, and lived there ever since, until we sold out and moved to town. All through these long years, up to the last presidential campaign, we acted with the old Whig, and after the rise and agitation of the slavery cjuestion, with the Republican, party. We attended the Cincinnati Convention, was appointed a member of the State Executive Committee from this district, united with the Democrats in support of the l^ationai and State tickets, wrote and spoke in their support, and we stand with them to-day heart and soul, and with all those who sincerely believe that we had enough of political dishonesty and corruption, and will unite to overthrov? it. It is with this purpose in our old age ' we return to our first love,' and take up the pen, caring nothing for parties or party names, having the utmost faith in the honesty of the people, and their power, if they will but exercise it, to correct all abuses andeliminate all official corruption."

The Democrat was projected in 1838 by Edward Brown and Thomas H. Bassett. Bassett was succeeded in the editorial chair by Dr. E. W. H. Ellis, who, with his brother, AV. R. Ellis, cont)UO HISTORY OF ELKHART COUNTY.

tinued its publication up to 1S50. Mr. Beane, the present editor, entered the office in 1S4J: under Dr. Ellis, and has continued his connection with that journal down to the present time, with the exception of a few years devoted to other business. In 1S50 Emery & Bonton purchased the paper; subsequently Judge Robert Lowrj, of Fort Wayne, took an interest, and in 1855 the Judge disposed ot his interest to J. T. Bennett. Earle & Heath succeeded as publishers in 1S5S, and T7m. A. Beane as proprietor in 1860. Mr. "W". H. Norton, the present assistant editor of the Democrat, purchased the controlling interest in 1862. From the latter part of 1863 to 1866 Mr. Beane held the editorship; H. S. Fassett, now of the South Bend Register, published it up to March, 1S6S. In 1872 Melvin B. Hascall with La Porte Heffner assumed control; but within the subsequent year the office became the property of Murray & Beane. In 1878 Mr. Murray retired from tlie Democrat and entered upon the publication of the South Bend Herald, leaving the entire business in the possession of W. A. Beane. The office sent man}' gallant soldiers to the front daring the civil war, among whom were E. F. Abbott, S. J. Connell, Wm. J. C. Blaine and Wm. Coffin. In many other respects, too, it has proved itself one of the strongest supporters of the first principles of the Republic, and so long as it continues in this course it must live and prosper.

William xL Beane, editor and proprietor of the Goshen Democrat^ was born in Preble county, Ohio, Oct. 5, 18S8. He was the son of William and Harriet (Howell) Bean. The family removed to Elkhart county, Ind., in 1836, and resided at Benton village. There the elder Beane died in 1840, and his wife followed him to the undiscovered country in 1872. There were five sons and two daughters in the family. One son and one daughter are in Oregon, and one son in Leesburg, Ind. William came to Goshen in 184:3 and began to learn the printer's art in ISM, entering the office of the Goshen Democrat when Dr. Ellis controlled that paper, and being more or less identified with it ever since, with the exception of six years, during which time he was a clerk in the store owned by John Winder. In 1860 he bonght the Democrat office, and has been its proprietor since, with the exception of short intervals. He has taken the paper through every political campaign since the memorable Lincoln and Douglas contest, and has always wielded a vigorous pen in behalf of Democracy. He is a genuine country editor, and accepts the inevitable ups and downs of newspaper life with equanimity, indulging occasionally in vigorous English when there is momentary call for it. but soon recovering his usual good nature and even temper. His paper is a prominent landmark in the history of Elkhart county, and has never been more conspicnous than under the editorial conduct of Mr. Beane. who has given it an individual and pronounced character. He has held and sought no office of any grade, choosing to be an editor only, untramraeled by tiie necessities of hunting and holding public place. Mr.Beane was married in 1851 and has six children, three sons and three daughters. His daughter Hattie married Dr. "W. E. Geddis, wlio now jjractices at Leroy, Mich. Frank is married, and is a telegra,ph operator at Boone, Iowa. Charles E., the oldest son, is engaged with his father in i\\Q Democrat otfice. The youngest son, Josepli A., and the two daughters, Minnie L. and Lucy A., are yet small and attend school. The history of the Democrat as a newspaper appears elsewhere in this work.

The Kinderhook Dtitchman was ]iublished in lSl-0, and edited by Dr. W. H. Ellis. Its columns were purely political in character. The editorial salutatory, from which is the following extract, is its histoi'y:

-- A few reminiscences will account for the title of our paper. The first settlers of New York, and that delightful portion of country bordering on the Hudson and Mohawk rivers, emigrated from Holland, to endure the privations and share in the bounties of the new world. From them have descended some of the first statesmen of America, among whom stands pre-eminent Martin Yan Buren, the son of a humble Dutch farmer of Kinderhook." The Dutchman was a quarto sheet, well printed, edited with ability and a terrible opponent of Whiggism. Yet the Whigs survived its repeated attacks, and proved once more that intolerance in political inatters does not bring power to the party which advocates and practices it. Notwithstanding the earnest Deinocrac}' of tlie literary Doctor, it may be stated positively that he enjoyed the esteem of all men and the friendship of many.

The Elhhart County Times is said to have appeared in January, 1856, with KobertGillson and J. M. Defrees editor and proprietor. We are told that the Goshen Times was established previously by E. W. Metcalf; and to this opinion nrany old residents incline; but that the County Times had an existence is not denied. Therefore, while conceding all that is asked for the enterprise of Messrs. Gillson and J. M. Defrees, the writer does not feel justified in changing a line of what he has hitherto written in connection with the

Metcalf enterprise. It is possible, in fact probable, that one or other of the Defrees family took an active part in projecting the Times, as they did in every other newspaper enterprise in Northern Indiana; but every record brought under the writer's notice points out the following sketch to be correct:

The Goshen Times was established in 1S55 by Editor E. "W". Metcalf who afterward transferred his interest to Dr. E. W. H. Ellis and C. W. Stevens. This newspaper may be said to have occupied a very prominent place from its first issue; and though it has been exposed to many and severe vicissitudes, it survived time and change and thus it copjcs down to the present, carrying with it the same principles and form which insured it a welcome in 1S55. Dr. Ellis and many of the men connected with the Times have passed to their eternity, but through some healthy influence the style of their moral writings has been perpetuated, so that to-day we may take up this journal with the assurance that in its columns nothing opposed to good taste will be found.

In January, 1861, Dr. E. W. H. Ellis disposed of his interest in the Goshen Times to C. W. Stevens. The salutatory address of the Tiew editor was brief; but yet contained a reference to the high order of the services rendered by Dr. Ellis to the press and people. In June, 186'2, after a connection with the Times extending over six years, C. W. Stevens sold his interest to Messrs. Copeland and Cole. In November, 1S63, Myron E. Cole retired, selling his interest to I-I. W. Smith. In 1367 William McKendall Starr purchased the Times, and eight years later was joined by James E. Eookner, who, however, retired within six months. In 1877 Dr. Byerle purchased a half interest, and early in August, ISSO, became sole proprietor, permitting Mr. Starr to retire after an exceptional! v brilliant and useful career on that journal, extending over 13 years. Dr. Ellis may be termed the father of this journal. For many years he labored with assiduity to render its columns a reflex of his mind, and, so far as can now be learned, had his labors attended with signal success. In his address to tlie editorial convention in 1359 he says:

It is not less a man's duty than his right to form his principles from a sense of their correctness, and assert them without fear. If there be a man living whose prerogative it is to claim a position as an equal of his fellow man, it is the upright, conscientious, fearless, independent editor. It is his daily business to pass in review the shifting scenes of the panorama of the world, to discuss the great principles which lie at the fonndatioii of the goverument, to ponder the acts of men in power, to weigh the merits of conflicting principles, and to scrutinize the secret springs of human action. In the exercise of these functions he may often come in conflict with men aspiring to. or already occupying, positions of influence orof power; but even this should not deter him from, the faithful discharge of his duty. The path of the sycophant may be smoother and carry one forward over gentle slopes and along flowery vales, and by purling streams, bat the path of independence is that of honor." The honest old medico-editorial Ellis laid down a line of action which lionest writers ever follow, but he treated the power that would venture to subject tlie people, the press, rather too gently; but perhaps the circumstances of his time did not call for stronger language. That he acted on what he believed to be the duty of an editor is conceded; that his good example and salutary advice, as a writer or a speaker, have had effect, cannot be doubted, and it is to be hoped that all men who, even for a day, hold an editorial chair, will, like him, oppose every creature who supports political and religious intolerance, public or private dishonesty, treason to the State, or the slavery of any section of our population.

Dr. Henry J. Byerle, editor and proprietor of the Goshen Times, was born in Berks county. Pa., June 4, 1S23. He was the son of Frederick Byerle and Salome Miller Byerle. The elder Byerle was a blacksmith. lienry attended common school until he was fifteen years of age, when he began to clerk in a areneral store, where he remained until he was twenty-one. He began to study medicine when he was eighteen years of age, and graduated at the Philadelphia Medical College. He began the practice of medicine when he was twenty-one_ in Lebanon county. At the end of one year Dr. Byerle left Lebanon county, and practiced in other parts of the State. Li 18.56 he came to Goshen, where he remained two years, and then removed to Kosciusko county, where he resided till 1865. During his stay in that county he was elected to the Legislature, this being in the year 1863. On resuming his residence in Goshen he engaged in the drug business. In 1870 he helped to organize the Goshen Manufacturing Company, and superintended it till 1878. During this time he introduced the manufacture of extension tables, which was then a new enterprise in this part of the county, and has proved very successful, assuming large proportions as a branch of industry. Dr. Byerle served two terms in the City Council of Goshen from 1869 to 1873. He purchased an in- terest in the Goshen Times in 1S77, and became sole proprietor ot the establishment and editor of the paper in the summer of 1S80. He is also at tlie present a partner in the drug and bookstore of Bjevle & Tauneyliill. The Doctor has lost two wives by death, the last marriage taking place in 1S77. He had three sons and four dauo'hters by the first two marriages. The oldest son is a practicing physician in Chicago, and two of the sons are married and reside in Goshen. A married daughter resides in Illinois. Dr. Eyerie is a member of the Methodist Church, is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, and a Eepirblican in politics. He has taken much interest in education', and has been twice elected a member of the School Board.

Mrs. M. E. T. Eyerie, wife of Dr. H. J. Eyerie, is the daughter of the E,ev. Thomas Tauneyhill. of Eryau, Ohio, and was born in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, Aug. .5, 1835. After receiving a common-school education, she entered Dickinson Seminary at Willi amsport, Pa., and was graduated at that institution in 1857. In lS7n she received the honorary degree of A. M. from Ealtimore Female College; and the same year she was chosen Preceptress and Professor of Mental Science in her Alma Mater^ which position she resigned at the expiration of two years. In Nov. 26, 1S77, she was married to Dr. Eyerie. Mrs. Eyerie has written a number of poems and narrative pieces for various publications, and is tlie author of a Sund;iy-schoo] volume entitled "The Young Folks of Eentfrew," which was published recently by the Methodist Book Concern.

The Elkhart Oiserver was placed before the people by Edward Molloy in 1S72. Its editorial columns gave evidence of ability and even large experience, and were often contributed hy Mrs. Emma Molloy. In 1S73 the management \'i-as augmented by the addition of E. K. Brush, and subsequently its pages showed a decidedlj' Eepublican tendency. Local brevities and foreign news almost always claimed impartiality, so that the Observer may be said to have given general satisi'action to its readers, and conferred much good upon the community by its comparatively broad views, and liberal-conservative teachings.

The Independent. - Messrs. George T. Ager and 0. A. Rhine entered the field of journalism early in 1877. The town of Milford, in Kosciusko county, was chosen for the birth of the Independent, and there its publication was regularly continued \mtil Nov. 15, 1S77, when the office was transferred to the much more important town of Goshen, and the publication of the journal resumed. The first issue of the Independent as an Elkhart county newspaper was made Dec. 25. 1S77. Since that period, in fact from its beoinnino'. the publishers have pursued a course which has really made the name of their journal synonymous, or rather in keeping with its editorial columns. The principle of political independence, or independence in pi^litics, has been clearly defined, and any breach of faith on the part of statesmen fully examined and justly condemned. The best interests of the country have had an able exponent and a careful guardian in its columns; a thorough knowledge of local and national affairs is evidenced in them, and far above all is the broad and liberal manner in which specifics against the intolerances of sectionalism are placed before the reader.

The establishment of a journal at Goshen, thoroughly independent in its treatment of every subject, was necessarily opposed by many obstacles. There two ably edited newspapers held the confidence of Democrats and Republicans. An independent party scarcely existed in sufficient numbers to support an independent journal, but the business tact, political integrity, and editorial ability of the maiiagement, overleaped all difficulties and succeeded in winning for the Independent a permanent place and fair fame among the journals of the city and county.

The Elkhart Revieio was projected in February, 1859, by Messrs. Weller & Chase. For a period extending over 21 years, Charles Henry Chase has been connected with that journal; he has witnessed every step of its progress, saw associates come and go, until in May, 1871, the purchase of an intei-est in the office by A. P. Kent promised a permanent partnership, and in the year following the issue of a daily journal placed the capital upon Chase's enterprise, and gave to the citizens the Elkhart Daily Review, - a sure monument of their advance in number and wealth. The Review treats local news fully and impartially; but in its editorial columns is intensely Republican in sentiment, and is looked upon by that political party as a true exponent of their principles.

Charles E. Chase, editor and part proprietor of the Elkhart Daily a.r\d Weekly Revietv, was born in Franconia, IST. H., Nov. 14, 1833. His parents were Joseph and Lucretia (Demie) Chase. His father was a merchant, Government official and journalist. During his later years he resided in Boston, and was, under President Buchanan's administration, an attache of the Boston custom house, but beiug a Douglas Deinociat he was obliged to vacate his position when the rebels held temporary sway in the "Washington cabinet. He once was a candidate for the Massachusetts Legislature on the Democratic ticket. When he died he was connected with the Boston Herald. Charles' parents moved Irom ISTew Hampshire to Vermont when he was young, and resided in Derby Line, on the Canada border. He attended school at Stanstead Academy, finishing his scholastic tuition when he was 13 years of age. One of his preceptors has since become Judge J. W. Jameson, of the United States District Court at Chicago. When he was li he became an apprentice in the office of the Sherbrook (Can.) Express., and remained there a year and a half, when he went to Manchester, ]Sr. H., and was employed in the ofncc of the Messenger- there. His parents removing to Cambridge, Mass., Mr. Chase accompanied them, and found work at his craft in the famous Kiverside book printing house. In 1>'.54 he followed the star of empire, and at length found himself at ^Vinona, Minn. There he had charge of the AVinona Aryus. Pie remained there till 181:5, and in the latter year returned to jSTew Hampshire, he then being 21 years of age. In connection with 0. S. Eason he purchased the ]S^ew Hampshire Farmer, published at Manchester. He soon tired of the unprofitableness of this concern, sold out, and in the fall of 1855 went South and S])ent the following winter in Xew Orleans and Mobile. In the spring he came liorth with the birds, and located at Keokuk, Iowa, where he remained till 1.S57. At Burlington, Iowa, he was married to Cynthia M. Parmenter. That year lie renioved to Cleveland, O., and was connected with the Q\es^e\a.ndi Daily Revievj, he relinquished in 1S5S, going to La Porte, Ind. In the spring of 1859 he came to Elkhart, and with J. S. Welier bought the Revieio oflice, with which he has been identified ever since. In November Mr. AVeller retired, leaving Mr. Chase in complete possession. On Dec. 3, 1863, Mr.s. Chase died, leaving no children- On Nov. 11, 1866. Mr. Chase married for his second wife Miss Alice M. Defrees, daughter of James Defrees, and niece of J. H. Defrees, Goshen. They have four children. In 1866 Moses P. Mattingly joined partnership with Mr. Chase in the ownership of the Reviev:. and he retirinsr in one year, Geo. S. Chase, a brother, came into the firm. In 1861 he retired and A. P. Kent bought an interest, and the firm of Chase & Kent has since conducted the printing and publishing establishment. The daily edition was started on Aug. 12, 1ST2, and has been since uninterruptedly issued. Since residing in Elkhart Mr. Chase has held the office of City Clerk, and was U. S. Assessor for two years during President Johnson's administration. He belongs to the Masonic order, the Knights of Honor and the Royal Arcanum.

The Democratic Union was established in jSTovember, 1S67, by T>. W. Sweet, and for many years took a leading place among the newspapers of the State. It was an unflinching advocate of Democratic principles and institutions, nor did the adventof G. F. Shutt, as associate editor and proprietor lessen its influence; on the contrary, its pages grew more interesting and its editorial columns began to abound in well-written articles in the interest of the party whose principles it hitherto merely reviewed. D. W. Sweet retired, and the present editor of the Elkhart Democrat took possession of the editorial chair. Under the control of G. F. Shaft, the Z*d??iocrai! makes rapid strides, and must be a most valuable auxiliary in the promotion of Democratic interests.

The Herald of Truth was published by Funk Brothers, in the interest of the Mennonite Church, and. as it is claimed, had a circulation of some extent. In July, 1S73, the publishers launched forth the Gospel Banner, and afterward the Emmgeliuni^s Panier _

The Millershurgh Enterjyrise, published at Millersburgh, was projected by Joel P. Heatwole in 1876. Mr. Heatwole made many sacrifices in the interest of the people of that district, but failing to meet with that liberal encouragement, which is the just due of an editor, he changed his office to Middlebnry in May, 1S78, aud in the following month entered upon the publication of the Middlebnry Record which has now a liberal patronage and gives promise of that permanency, which it deserves.

The Bristol Banner. - The origin of this paper is due to C. F Mosier, whose enterprise led to its establisliment in 1S77, and who still pursues the even tenor of his way, while presiding over the destinies of that newspaper. The support accorded the Banner is comparatively liberal, and so the labors of the editor are appreciated. The Bristol Banner \% a very popular little journal, supplying the people of the community with the substance of the news of the day, and affording the citizens a good medium of advertising and discussion of local interests.

The Najypanee Weekly JSfews is a well-printed, well-edited» lively little sheet, thoroughly in accord with the ideas of its subscribers, and watchful of the interests of the county. It was projected by A. B Saiith in 1879, who on retiring, left the onus of the editorial position to devolve on Will H. Holdeman, who is now its principal.

The Elkhart County Journal is the latest newspaper enterprise. Messrs. Hawk & Christophel are the projectors. Their efforts during the few months that have lapsed seem to be much appreciated, so that its place among the standard journals of the county is almost insured.

David H. Chrlstojohel, associate pi-oprietor and editor of the Elkhart Journal, was born in Harrison township, Elkhart county, May 13, 1850. He was the son of Christian' and Rebecca Christophel. His boyhood was spent on his father's farm and in acquiring the rudiments of an English education at Harrison Center school. When he was 14 he attended the Butler Institute, at Goshen, and when he was 15 years of age he began to teach, and pursued that avocation till he was 17. He then entered the publishing house of J. F. Funk & Bro., Elkhart, to learn the printer's art, and remained there about a year. He afterward taught school four years. In 1872 he was an instructor in Mayville Normal Acadei^iy. During his stay here there were 22 students in the institution, 17 of whom received first-grade certificates, and became etiicient teachers, evincing the quality of instruction that was afforded at that institution. In 1S73 a stock company was formed, with the Funk Bros.' publishing house as a nucleus, and Mr. Christophel became a stockholder and superintendent of printing. The institution became known as the Mennonite Publishing Company. He remained with this company for seven years. The Elkhart City Museum owes its establishment to Mr. Christophel and Dr. F. L. Mills, and the first contribution of a section of mastodon's tusk, and a tooth of that extinct monster, was secured by them, and placed as a beginning of the very creditable collection that can now be seen in the city building. These remains of the mastodon were found on the farm of Mr. Delancy, two miles south of Elkhart. Mr. Christophel and Dr. Mills leased the land on which they wished to search, and thus secured for themselves whatever curiosities might be found thereon. They discovered a skele- ton, probably of an Indian female, on the wrists of which were two silver bracelets. Both the skeleton remains and the bracelets are now part of the Elkhart City Museum collection. Mr. Christophel made two trips to Kansas and the Eocky mountains, which enlarged his experience among men and the peculiarities of Western life. On July 1, ISSO, Christophel & Hawk, founded the Elkhart Journal. They paid cash for their office material, and have a fine oiitfit of news and job type, etc., and a cylinder Hoe press, run by steam. Their success thus far has been very flattering, and the Journal already has a large circulation in Elkhart county, which is rapidly increasing. Mr. Christophel was married on Thanksgiving day, 1S77. to Miss liosa Merritt, formerly of Brookville, JST. Y. The peculiar circumstances and disadvantages attending the life of W. E. Hawk and his remarkable success in spite of them, make this sketch oneof unusual interest to the reader of brief biographies. William Edward is the fifth of six children born to Samuel and Artimesa Hawk. He was born, near the village of ISTew Paris, Ohio, on Marcli 25, 1S4S, his father being a farmer of limited means. When he was three years old his parents removed to Wayne county, Ind., and three years later to Delaware county, Ind., near the village of Yorktown, where his mother yet lives. At the age of seven he was sent to school in the little log school-house in the woods, about a mile distant from his home, where he attended during the months of one summer. The studies in this silvan seat of learning consisted of the rudiments of spelling and reading. About a year later an event transpired in the life of Mr. Hawk which must have influenced more or less his whole after career. Pie had a severe and protracted attack of typhoid fever which deprived him entirely and permanently of his hearing. But, child as he was, he at once resolved that this obstacle should not prevent liis attaining the object of his ambition, which was to acquire such an education as would enable him to occupy a position of honor and usefulness in life. He was scarcely able to leave his sick-bed when he applied himself to study, and soon, witli no other aid than the spelling lessons which he had received, and a written copy of the alphabet, he learned to read and write. In 1S60, at the age of 12, he was sent to the school for the deaf and dumb at Indianapolis, where he attended during six terms of the school. Returning home, he worked hard on the farm, spending part of his small earnings for books and magazines, and his spare time in study. When he was 22 years of age, farming not having proved agreeable to him. be left home and studied dentistry in the office of Dr. Dills, at Piqua. Ohio, and kiter continued his studies in Dayton. In 1873 he canie to Elkhart and was employed in Dr. Cummins' office for a number of years. In 1S79 he was offered and accepted a situation in one of the leading dental offices in Detroit, Mich, but. at the request of friends, returned to Elkhart after remaining a few months in Detroit, and on July 1, ISSO, in partnership with Mr. D H. Ghristophel, issued the first number of the^'Elkhart Journal, a newspaper that is a credit to the city and county in which it is published, and is having a very remarkable success.

As Mr. Hawk is still a very youiig man and has just entered upon the business which seems best suited to his tastes and talents, we must look to the future for the development of the best fruits of his life. As a dentist he earned a high reputation, and as a journalist he will no doubt have even higher success and accomplish more good.

Light And Shade

These journals have often devoted columns to personal notices, generally consolatory and complimcntaiy. Sketches of quite a different character have also appeared in them, and under the heading of '' Light and Shade " many of such may be gi'ouped.

jSTever in the writer's experience has such a list as the following been offered for his delectation until the Elkhart papers came under his notice. Its beneficent influences cannot be questioned, as a number of the men noticed have since chosen a better half.

The chief among confirmed bachelors of the district round Goshen and the city itself must undoubtedly be Mr. Michael Bashor. We are not certain as to his age, but recollect as far back as 1843 of hearing unmannerly persons call him " Old Mike Bashor." He may be 50 or he may be 75 for all we know, although he does not look much older than he did 23 years ago.

Then, there are Drs. Latta, Jackson and McMorris, - the first two in the prime of manhood, with good practice, fine houses, horses and carriages; and the way matters now stand we see no reason why they should not mari-y. Mac will probably leave their company as soon as he thinks he can make both ends meet by the practice of his profession.

Kev. H. L. Vannuys has certainly withstood temptation well for many years, and as he is beloved by his congregation, and all who are acquainted with him, we hope soon to see him take a partner and settle down for the remainder of his life.

Col. E. M. Johnson is a good-looking young lawyer, full of life and energy, and doing a first-rate business. He sowed what wild oats he had several y'ears ago. and would make a nnniber one husband. He is well worth looking after, girls.

Hon. W. A. Woods is also one of the finest-looking men in town, has a good practice, and is said to be as good a lawyer as practices at the bar. ISTo fault can be found with him. unless it is with his whiskers, which are auburn.

Mr. Wra. Triford is a quiet kind of a gentleman, rather bashful, and does not go out much into company. He is more easily described than the others, from the fact of his having both auburn hair and wliiskers, and wliat are called " calico eye-brows." He has but very little resem.blance in other respects to Mr. Woods.

Capt." George Gibbon has been on the bachelor list a long time. He served through tiie late war with distinction, and is now engaged in the dry-goods trade. We hardly know what else to say "about George. He is, however, a clever fellow, and has had considerable e.xperience in the world, so that a wife could not teach him many things that he does not know something about.

Sergt. Aaron Arnold was described last summer as a juryman, and needs no further recommendation. He is liked by everybody, and would make a jolly husband.

Messrs. C. Weiler and Johnny Smith are named in conjunction on account of being so near in size. Frequent disputes have arisen as to which is the taller, but if our judgment is correct will wager that Chris is at least 1* inches higher in his stocking feet.

We hope none will feel themselves slighted at not being named in the first list, as the short time we have had would not permit a record of all. Their turn will come next. We are collecting the statistics as rapidly as possible. vSo wait patiently, girls and boys.

Everybody in town is acquainted with Charles Cloes. He has been a resident in Goshen for a number of years. During that time he has been engaged in the hotel business, farming and other industries.

Mr. August Jennings was a butcher for many years, and now takes the world easy by riding about in a new wagon with a picture of the lynx killed in Koble county painted on the box.

To commence with triplets, we first come to Patrick Joice. James H. Crary and Mr. Frank Abbott. We venture to say that in height there is not an inch diiference. and as to weight they would not vary a pound either way. and when you see one you have the outlines of the other two.

Messrs. Wm. Eachelor and Wm. Smith are two enterprising, industrious gentlemen, and both of very modest habits. Mr. Bachelor sticks to one thing as atteiitiveiy as any man we ever knew, and never loses an hour from work except on Thanksgiving and circus days.

Charley Hatch, the tall, good-looking young gentleman in the corner hat store, is all that could be desired in a son; and to be suitably 7nate-d he should marr^' a small girl.

Thomas A. Gilmore and Mr. Jackson Stratton ma}' as well appear nest, for fear we omit them. Jack has probably had the most experience; but the first can stand more water, while the latter is more used to fire.

Mr. Ben. Morris is foreman in W. A. Barns' machine shop, which is of itself a sufficient recommendation, as it takes a good man to fill the position. He looks more like a class-leader than a machinist.

Mr. George Burkett has the longest pair of whiskers of any man in town, if that is what the ladies like, and is both affable and pleasant in his dealings.

Wm. McCord and Sam Abbott are self-willed young men, and will probably never marry until they get ready. Mac did good service in the army and got shot a good many times. Sara has been shot out of the army a few times.

Edward I^ewton is sinewy but not sinful. Those who know him best agree that he is generous to a fault, and may be easily recognized in the dark by pronouncing these four letters: "'HICK!"

Capt. W. H. Veiiamon is our worthy County Treasurer. He is bashful to a tault, or he would never have made the perilous leap he did recently to avoid meeting a lady ''by moonlight alone."

Mr. B. C. Dodge has manage'd to lay by something for a rainy day. He came by it honestly, having -' martyred " four years as County Recorder, and sacrificed one leg to his country.

Ed Smith is said to be the best-looking single-man that attends the Bresbyterian Church, and John Gortner the best-looking married man. This is what we heard two young ladies say after being there to attend the sermon.

J. iv. MulhoUand has a beautifnl flowing beard, is good-looking, in good circumstances, and for a lady who wants a practical man he is the one to fill the bill.

Wm. A.Jackson is not exactly a resident of town; but being here so often we begin to claim him as one of our own. He is the very embodiment of wit and good humor, and takes well with the ffirJs.

Mr. Eli A^lbriglit is a jolly, round -faced, plump joung man. and would fill his part of the conjugal contract to perfection. He is partial to a lady in the eastern part of town and may get oif the string at any time.

La Porte Heffuer has bright prospects in the future as a young attorney. He has made some attachments, and for a young man claims to have b.id bitter experience in love afl'airs.

Charles Harris is our atfable Deputy County Auditor. He can appreciate a joke first-rate, but don't seem to care much about the society of ladies. He will probably hitch to some old-fashioned gal after a while.

AVill Davis is so likely to withdraw from the club any day that we shall givehim only a brief notice. He is good-looking, and we hope he willprove as faithful a husband as he has a lover.

William Burns, with John Drake, Adolph Schdorf and Louis Fiedke, came very near escaping our notice. Adolph is of noble blood (very little good, if we are to judge from fiunkyism), but was banished from his countr}' for rebelling against a monarchical form of government. He uses benzine.

Joe M. Noble, A. S. Leib, George G. Kimball and Frank Hubbell will do to be classed together. It is hard telling which can throw a ball the highest. They are fully as worthy of ladies' attention as any who have preceded them, so that no disrespect is intended in placing them last on the list.

The list is closed with the petition of the editor to all who feel that justice has not been done them. He has only to know their names to make the amende honorahJe.

Ill September, 1846, five large apples were presented to a citizen of Gosheu by Messrs. Josepli Cowan. Elilin Tremble, Balson Hess, Matthew Rippey, and Ezekiel Com])ton, weighing respectively 13 ounces. 32 ounces, 17+ ounces, 16 oimees and 19 ounces. A postcript to the description of the apples, the ceremony of presentation, and the beautiful contentment of donors and acceptor, says the apple from Jackson township has been quartered and eaten, as wilt be seen by the following

Certificate How Editors Commune With One Another

The editor of the Democrat, after quoting a local notice from the South Bend Begister, to the effect that no man need be without a Bible, since Jerry Knight, of the Oliver House, will give one for a nickel, or in case of total insolvency without it, expatiated on the notice, saying : Wonders will never cease! Jerry Knight selling Testaments ! What kind are they ? After the style used where the Maine liquor law is in force? Send us a nickel's worth, Jerry." The editor of the Times, referred at some length to the brother literateur's action in the matter, concluding his notice with the following paragraph: ''With the return mail the Testament came to hand. "and Mr. Beane sat down on Sunday and read it nearly through, as he informed us, though he did not say it was the first time he had ever read such a work - and on Sunda}' evening he was at church, greatly interested in the services. So we have strong faith in the reformation of our brother."' few lines to let you know that i got home all rite and i am fealing all rite and hope you are fealing as well as i am i never had so much pleasure in my life and I hope you are pleased with the ride i never will go with no other gurl ontil i Sea your fair Sweet fase a gin or hear from you i am coineing down shoe day that is the 11th

Histoet Of Elkhaet Countt Delinquent Newspapee Subsceieees

Under the heading " Mark the Runaways," the Express of 1S37 nsed to deal with subscribers. In the last issue of the paper for April of that year it devotes fully one half column to a B. F. Dey, who vamosed with his goods and chattels, leaving his name upon the roster of the subscribers to the Express, as a memento of his stay. In the same issue there are notices of four other vagrants. The first name to figure on this roll of honor is that of Charles C. Thraslier.

He came to this town not long since, and purchased a grocery store from Messrs. J. D. & J. S. Defrees. He ran in debt $100 or $200 besides in tliis purchase, and all on a sudden he sold the grocery for ready money in hand. This was no sooner done than he decamped, leaving his creditors to whistle for their pa3^ He left his family, who have since followed hard after him. It is supposed that he is somewhere in the State of Micliigan. In stature he was of the middle lieight, and tolerably thickly set. He has a kind of a sheepish look, and when he talks it is done in a kind of a lazy, whining tone.

The last name on the roll is Kobert Craig, ''another vagabond," who left us, his other creditors and his family behind without saying which way he was about to tramp. Should his eye rest on these notices of his motley companions and scape-goats from a world of trouble, he may consider this as a '' receipt in full," so far as our account goes. A friend at our elbow informs us that Craig, too, has pushed for Ohio. Our Buckeye printers must be on the lookout for these worthies.

S. H.Burnett, a drunken, red-visaged tippler, a farmer and milltender by trade, ran off without paying for his paper, and leaving numerous bills unfooted through the county. He has put for Ohio with his family of live stock.

B}' the last mail, December. 1S37, we received a line from the postoffice at Elkhart, saying that H. Doolittle wished his paper discontinued. Mr. Doolittle has received our paper from the beginning without paying us a cent. jSTow, we shall not discontinue do-little's paper until he concludes to do-more. Just show him the terms, Mr. Postmaster.

The Churches

''Live while you live," the epicure would say, "And seize the pleasures of the present clay :" " Live while you live," the Clu-istian preacher cries, "And give to God eich moment as it flies." Lord, in my view let both united be : I live to pleasure while I live to thee .

That tliere exists a God is doubteil bj' ver}' few; and so generally received is this fact, that millions of men, called wise men, have ceased to inquire even into His attribiites, and continue to adore Him. A writer, who once merged into infidelitj', returned to a calm inquirj' after the mental storm which tossed him on the waves of doubt had subsided, and exclaimed, " There is a God!" Tlie herbs of tlie valley, the cedars of the mountain bless Him; the insect sports in His beam; the bird sings Him in his foliage; the thunder proclaims Him in the Heavens, the ocean declares His immensity; man alone lias said tliere is no God ! Unite in thouglit the same instant the most beautiful objects in nature. Suppose that you see at once all the hours of the day and all the seasons of tlie year; a morning of spring and a morning of fall; a night bespangled with stars and a night darkened by clouds; meado.vs enameled with flowers; forests hoary with snow; fields gilded with the tints of fall, - then alone you will have a just conception of the universe! V/hile you are gazing on that sun which is plunging into the vault of the West, another observer admires him emerging from the gilded gates of the East. By what inconceivable power does that aged star, which is sinking fatigued and burning in the shades of the evening, re-appear at the same instant fresh and humid with the rosy dew of the morning! At every hour of the day the glorious orb is at once rising, resplendent as noon-day, and setting in the west; or, rather our senses deceive us, and there is properly no east or west, no north or south in the world. Poetry never yet doubted the existence of a Deity, and some of the most astute thinkers were poets and Christians; the most gifted prose writers devoted much attention to the ques- (626) tioD of a God, and proclaimed the existence of Him, who is at once the omniscient and omnipotent. Everything combines to prove and glorify a God. Man alone questions His reality; but happily the questioners are few and far between, and still Christian majority here grants to Jew. Turk, atheist and heathen Mongolian every toleration, leaving them at liberty to worship at their respective shrines. This is the first principle of liberty; its protection is guarantied by the Republic, and under its genial influence the Christian and the non-Christian make just such progress as each class merits.

Ill this count}' the varied forms of Christianity have made great advances, churches have multiplied, until every village and town show their spires and cupolas, and yet their bells do not now ring out peals of discord; for the civilization of our time, in this -Republic, has, let us hope, abolished forever religious bigotry, leaving Nature to act the despot in winning the minds of men to the first truths of the Christian Church, and the Great Desiguer to form their hearts for the reception of such truths, as he did the skeptics in the tempest:

The evil examples offered by members of the various Churches, do more injury to Christianity than all the sophisms of the infidel, the arras of the united Mussulmans or the presence of 100,000 Mongolian mandarins and high-priests. Therefore it would be always well to make provision for the correction of abuses from within, and by so doing each section of the Christian Church will just have sufficient work on hand to prevent its uncharitable interference with its neighbor, and gain that valuable experience whicli has resulted in rendering so many men capable of minding their own business.

The Methodist Chuech

The progress of Methodism in Goshen, and throughout the county of Elkhart is something remarkable. So early as 1829, when settlers from the East flocked hither to possess themselves of the 160 acres whicli Congress offered under the pre-emption law, the Methodist missionary followed in their trail, and, subsequently arriving at their settlement, dwelt among them. The first missionary of the Methodist Church, who came here at the instance of the Ohio Conference, was named Felkner; but in 1S31 the Indiana Conference began to extend its boundaries, with the result of substituting the Kev. Xehemiah Griffith for the Ohioan. Mr. Griffith's mission comprised all the St. Joseph country, and subjected the preacher to much laborious work and many troubles. However, in 1S32, this state of affairs was remedied, the district was divided into parishes or circuits, and Eev. R. S. Robinson told off for duty in Elkhart. In 1833 the ministerial force was augmented by the advent of Rev. Messrs. Beswick and Phelps; their mission was extended, and their duties in every way increased. The Presiding Elders were Armstrong, Hargrave, Beers, Brenton, Daniels, Good, Colclezer, Stallard, Stabler, Aaron A. Wood, who, in the course of their duties, met with every co-operation from such men as Latta, Defrees, Pease, Myers, Carpenter, Col. Jackson, Sparklin, Darlan, Mercer, Zollinger. Thomas, Cephas Hawks, and many others, with their wives and daughters, wlio took a prominent part in making religion practical by being ever ready to help the ailing arid the poor. The names of the ministers succeeding to the charge of this old mission may be placed in order of precedence in point of time. The}' wore Revs. Ball, Harrison, McCoole, Boyd, Posey, Skillman, Stagg, Holdstock, Wheeler, Munson, Stonex, Bruce, Green, Meek, Lamb, Graham, Taylor, Stright, Pettijohn Miller, Demott, Gilham, Corastock, Stnbler, Meniuhall, Hasty, Newton, Mahin, Martindale, Rhodes, Lamport, Phillips and Dr. Pierce.

An address delivered by the Hon. Joseph H. Defrees, on the occasion of laying the corner stone of the new M. E. church of Goshen, contains much valuable information, if not all, that may now be gathered in connection with the early years of Methodism in Elkhart county. He stated that the first sermon preached in Goshen was in a building which had been erected by Dr. J. Latta on a lot between the residence of Dr. M. M. Latta and Dr. Jack son's office; their first prayer-meeting was held in the bar-room of a hotel, and the prayers rendered by Messrs. Sparklin and Wangh. William Wangh. Thomas Thomas and George McCullom, with their wives, lived then on the town plat and in the immediate vicinity, so that they formed the first little society; a Sabbath- school was formed early in 1S32, and in 1833 the entire class comprised only iive or six men and, perhaps, a few ladies, with their children. The first class met in a log house which stood on the site of Dr. Jackson's residence. While the early Methodists of Goshen were thus marching slowly but surely over the road to greatness, James Beck, R. W. Randall, James Frier and J. Myers were laboring in another section of the vineyard, so that toward the close of 1832 a meeting of the members decided upon erecting a church wherein they might worship in peace. This building was, in its architectural outline, very uninteresting; it formed a peculiar quadrant, 40 feet square and about six feet higher than the tallest member of the congregation, and cost $4:45. Mr. Defrees gives a very vivid description of the furniture of this quaint edifice, and relates many stories in cormection with the varied and uncomplementarj' opinions held of it l.)y the local wits of that time. In 1840 no less than 150 members were added to the congregational roster. The great camp-meeting held at Violett Grove, south of the present location of Goshen, tended to this result, and brought the zealous preachers and their teachings into such prominence that many enrolled their names who would liave otherwise forgotten the existence of a moral communion.

In 1845 Geo. Rumsey, Ebenezer Brown, John Durlan, Asa A. Morton, James Anderson, Samuel Murray and Jos. H. Defrees, the trnstees of the great quadrangular ''Still-house" of the wits, resolved to desert the old monument of James Beck's architectural taste as soon as possible, and with the co-operation of their brethren, succeeded in raising a sufficient sum of money to construct the very pretentious building, in which they continued to worship until the dedication of their beautiful church in 1874. The zeal of these Methodists had already won for them an enviable reputation throughout the State, and gained for Goshen the honor of being made the first meeting place of the M. E. Conference in the newly organized portion of Northern Indiana. In 1852 the village was made a station, with Rev. J. D. G. Pettijohn in charge, and from that time continued to make such rapid advances, that within a period a little over 20 years the membership so increased in number and wealth that a structure of metropolitan character was deemed necessary. For this result many leading members of the congregation deserve high praise. People and trustees and pastors had a share in the great work: and united they may justly lay claim to well merited esteem.

June -Id, 1S73, a report of a committee favoring the improvement of the old church built in 1S46 was accepted by the conajregation; bnt within a few days their opinions veered round to the fact that a new and elegant edifice was indispensable. Accordingly a new committee was selected, of which Messrs. P. D. Harding, Jacob Hattel, W. W". Hinchman, 0. "W". Cunningham and Wm. M. Stare were members. These five gentlemen reported to a subsequent meeting in favor of a new church, and th.eir report having met with general approbation, subscriptions were at once called for, and after a short time the work placed in the hands of the contractor.

The new church was dedicated on tlie last day of January, 1S76, ' by the Rev. Dr. Thomas, of Chicago. The old house of worship, built in 18i6, was then deserted, and though many of the early visitors looked upon the old building with a peculiar veneration, the new church soon occupied ail their thoughts, and left little more to be desired in the shape of chnrch accommodation or magnificence. Tlie earnestness of the congregation was strikingly illustrated by the fact that of the $15,000 expended on the edifice, $10,000 were provided within the year, and the remainder contributed on the day of dedication, so that on the final dedication, by Bishop Merrill, in June, 1S77, not a cent was required to pay a debt. The builder who raised the stately edifice was Adam Kaffensparger, and his contract was so faithfuU}' performed, that to-day the beautiful church stands in testimony of the attention bestowed upon its erection bj' him, even as it is a most substantial record of the generosity, taste and zeal of the Methodist congregation. Cass Chapman, of Chicago, exercised his architectural taste in its erection. A sum appro.ximating to $5,000 has been expended on the church since lS7i, and still the proposed great bell for the tenancy of the tower has to be procured. The men who have raised such a temple will not leave their new and beautiful church without this antique and noisy appanage for any length of time, so that another bell may soon join in the Sabbath chimes. The present membership may be set down at 300, and the valuation of the church and parsonage, in 1880, at $23,500.

The Methodist church of Elkhart City is an imposing edifice. Throughout the county the zeal of members of this branch of the Christian Church has raised many elegant places of worship, until almost every township can boast of a little temple where the congregation may worship God in peace.

The North Indiana Conference

From 1S4:1 lo 1S52 tliis conference comprised the north half of the State. Since 1S52 it has comprised the northeast portion of the State, the State now consisting of four conferences. It contains about ISO members, but about 30 of these are now non-effectives, from the infirmities of age or other disabilities.

The first annual session of the iSTorth Indiana Conference, when it comprised the northern half of the State, was held atFortWajne in October, 18i±. Bishop Beverly Waugh. who once was jailer and court bailiff, presided, and Mr. Simpson, now one of the venerable bishops of the Church, was the principal secretary. The ninth session - or first under the present territorial arrangement - was held at Fort Wayne in 1S52, and tlie twelfth, or third session, at Goshen in September. 1855, over v/hicli Bishop Scott presided. On April 9, 1S79, he occupied the same position, being president of the 36th session of the conference, held at Goshen in the month of Ajn-il, that year.

The Baptist Church

Mr. Carey may be considered the first Baptist missionary who visited this county. At a very early date in its history he visited the early settlers near Elkhart, and actually named Christiana creek after his wife, because the flow of herdangnage appeared to him as swift as the waters of that stream . Since that time the membership of the Church has very much increased. In November, 1836, a congregation of only 11 could be found in Goshen, and those received instructions from Elder Adam Miller or from his deacon, "William Stanclifi". In .January, 1839, another congregation was organized at Benton, and the subsequent year another in that portion of Elkhart county, known then as the township of Turkey creek. The church of Elkhart city was organized in July, 1862. with a congregation of five members; that of Baugo township in February, 1874, and of TVakarusa in April, 1858. The list of the principal pastors of the Baptist Church since its organization here includes the names of Elder Adam Miller, Deacon Stancliff; Beverends Charles Harding. Elijah Barns, B. S. Clay.E,. H. Cook, C. Fish, L. Davis, Charles Ager. B.B. Baker (?), Geo.^i. Simonson. A. M. Bnch, F. B. Cressy, Watson Clark, M. G. Stanley, I. G. Fortman,

The Evangelical United Iiennonite Ohukch

The oi'igiii of this Church is of a vevy recent date. Under the influence of the Spirit of God, a number of ministers of the regn- Lir body of Meimonites in tlie United States and Canada, in the 3'ear 1SY3, became convinced that more earnest and vigorous measures should of necessity he adopted to further the cause of Christ than were being exerted in the Church at that time; such as protracted prayer and fellowship meetings. Accordingly, to free their consciences before God these means of grace were resorted to, and acknowledged and sanctioned of God, in the conversion of many precious souls, which resulted in the exeomniunication of all who sanctioned such proceedings from Cluirch fellowship.

A conference was called and a Church organized on the 15th of May, 1874, in Berlin, Out., and the name Reformed Mennonites adopted as a name of distinction. The year following a small body of Mennonites, called Nevv^ Mennonites, united with this body, when the name United Mennonites was adopted. In 1879 another small body, viz.: the Evangelical Mennonites, united with this body, when the present name. Evangelical United Mennonites was adopted.

The Church was organized in Elkhart county in the year 1874, with a few members, and in the autumn of the same year the first U. S. Conference was hold in tiie church of the Evangelical Association in Harrison township. Soon after a church edifice was erected at a Cost of $1,. 500. The Church has been gradually increasing since its organization, and at present (1880) number in this county about 200 members. A class of 20 members was organized in Goshen, November, 1878.

A Church organ, the Gosjyel Banner^ has been published in Goshen since July, 1878, edited by Eld. D. Breuneman. In January, 1870, a publishing house was established, which is being conducted by the Church, under the management of a committee chosen by the General Conference, and the paper published in both the German and English languages. January, 1S80, botli papers were changed from montlilies to semi-monthlies, Englisli edited by D. Brenneman and German by B. Bowman. The present m.onthly circulation of the tv.'o periodicals is 4,000 copies.

The Episcopal Chitrch

Episcopalians was held within the office of Geo. Howell, under tlie presidencj- of Rev. "Wm. H. Storey, at which the following resolution was carried: