Elkhart County, Indiana - Topographical and Industrial, 1881 (part 6 of 11)

Crocker Gone, florist, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., in 1820. He was the son of Birthday Cone, who was a fanner in the town of Lock, and moved to Ohio in 1836, and in Woodbury, Delaware county, opened a store, and prosecuted the mercantile business at that place, and afterward in Knox county and Fredericktown. Crocker left home when he was 19, and, as a peddler and collector, traveled through the Western States. This devious life he continued till he was 32 years of age, when he returned to Knox connty, and engaged in farming a year and a half. In 1852 he removed to Indiana, and bought 98 acres of land within the corporate limits of the town of Elkhart. This tract was then covered with forest, and Mr. Cone has cleared the land since it came into his possession, selling it off, piece by piece, as the town expanded in that direction, till now he has but 31 acres of the original 98. This he has brought to a high state of cultivation as a market garden, having followed that industry since he first came to Elkhart. About five years ago he made a beginning as a florist on a small scale. This branch of culture has giown under his careful and intelligent management, until now he has the most substantial and completely appointed propagating houses in ISTorthern Indiana. His establishment is the only one of the kind in Elkhart county, and consequently liis business is very large, and constantly increasing. He practices his own method of yjropagation, and has made of it a flattering success. His plants are all hardy and healthy. His establishment is an interesting feature of northeast Elkhart. Mr. Cone was married in 181:9 to Miss Ann E. Reed, who died in 1851. He was married to his present wife, Eleanor Kelsey Cone, in 1853. They have 5 living children.

Si 2 History Of Elkhaet County

Jersey. He was reared on a farm and received a common-school edncation. He removed to Columbiana county, Ohio, in 1836; he there engaged in farming and blacksniithing until 1S61, when he came to Elkhart, where he engaged in blacksmithing until 1878. He is now proprietor of tlie Pacific Dining-Hall, corner of Main and High streets, Elkhart. He was married in 18-52 to Miss Julia Mowry. by whom he has 2 children, C. Fraljklin and Alice M.

John Cook, one of the leading manufacturers and capitalists of Elkhart, was born Dec. 3, 1826, in Eoss county, Ohio. He was the son of James and Annie (Winder) Cook. His father was a farmer, and the family removed to this county and settled in Goshen when John was 6 or 7 years of age. He attended school in that place, and learned the compositor's art in the office of the Goshen Democrat-^ his father being in trade, John at length became a clerk in his father's store, and remained there 10 years. Afterward he became cashier in the Salem Bank, Goshen, a position that he occupied 13 years, himself and Thomas G. Harris being proprietors of that institution. In 1865 he went to New York city, and was for some time engaged in the commission business there. He returned west in 1867, and located in Elkhart, becoming cashier of the First jSTational Bank, a position which he now holds. His business and financial relations now consist of his connection with the First jSTational Bank and the Elkhart Print Paper Company. He was married in October, 18-18, to Miss Martha Winder of Goshen. He has one son, who is now assistant cashier in his father's bank. Mr. Cook is a Democrat in politics.

Stephen M. CxininxiTis^ D. D. S., was born Aug. 22, 1839, of Scottish ancestry on his father's side, and of Irish on his motliei-'s. The first immigrant of the family to America came about the time of the Revolution, and settled in Eastern Pennsylvania, and many, of the descendants still reside in Dauphin county, in that State. The Doctor's father was born in Indiana county. Pa., where he resided until he was of age, when he removed to an adjoining county and engaged in carpentering. He married Isabella McComb George, daughter of Wm. George, and had 5 children. The Doctor's mother died when he was about 12 years of age, and is buried in the United Presbyterian Church Cemetery, in Armstrong county. Pa. The subject of this sketch passed his youth in Pennsylvania, attending the common and high schools in his native village. In 1855 he went to an uncle's to learn the molder's business, but abandoned it on account of ill health. At the age of 17, he entered a dentist's office, and by close application soon made himself familiar with the business. He opened his first office in Dayton, Pa., but afterward went to Bluffton, Ind., and thence to Warsaw, in the same State.

When Dr. Cummins came first to Elkhart, in the month of May, 1862, then a village of 1,700 inhabitants, there was not much in the field to promise success. He was a young man of 22, a native of Pennsylvania and the son of poor parents. He brought with him a young wife, and was without money or friends in the place; but he had energy, perseverance and industry, and, what is quite as necessary to success in tlie dental profession, the faculty of winning friends. He opened a small office in Morehouse's Block, on Main street, and the first few years thereafter were years of struggle and discouragement; he had to contend not oilly with financial difiiculties, but with sickness. Perseverance, however, brought success, and Dr. Cummins is now among the first men of Elkhart county. His oflice rooms, for elegance and completeness, have few equals anywhere in the country, while his practice is probably the largest in the State. Such success could only have been attained by the most careful attention to business, industrj- and honorable dealing. Dr. Cummins received his degree of D. D. S. from the Ohio College of Dental Surgery in 1S69. He has three brothers who are also dentists.

April 14, 1S61, Dr. Cummins married Miss Helen M., daughter of Almon Case, an influential farmer of Bluff'ton, Ind., and they have now a family of children.

JBanjarnin L. Davenport was born in Shelby county, Ohio, July 2, 1824; died at his home in Elkhart, Ind., of pneumonia, April 23, 1880. He was one of the most prominent and honored citizens of the State and his loss is deeply deplored. His education was of the common-school order, and he worked on a farm until he was 16. At the age of 19 he came to the then small village of Elkhart, with nothing but his own energy to give him a start in the world.

That the poor farmer lad should have risen, by industry, honesty, and close application to business, to take rank with the leading manufacturers of this country, and assume the position of a leader in public enterprises, is a flattering evidence of the manner of man he was, who so nobly acquired this prominence.

For 23 years he was a merchant, and at the time of his death was President of the First National Bank of Elkhart, having held that position since 1868, besides being largely interested in milling and manufacturing.

Mr. Davenport was a man above reproach in his public and private life, of acute judgment, public-spirited and generous to a fault ; he always encouraged with voice and purse those social, business and moral enterprises which build up a communit}'.

The following extracts are taken from the address of Hon. M. F. Shuey, delivered at the memorial meeting of the citizens of Elkhart the day after Mr. Davenport's death:

* * "Hismanyotherpublicenterprises should notbe forgotten; such as the building and rebuilding of the Clifton House, his donations to secure the Pailroad Eating House, machine shops, etc. It is

Mauj' of his friends will always remember witli pleasure the firmness with which he supported the Union causes during the war. * * * In 1S76 he was a delegate to the jSTational Convention that nominated Mr. Hayes. In 1878 he was elected State Senator, to succeed his deceased brother-in-law, Charles Beardsley. It 'is not saying too much to remark that no senator ever made a better record in a first t^-m, in procuring valuable legislation, and in not casting a vote to which any honest man could object. He has also just been ai^pointed a delegate to the Republican JSTational Conventioii. both of which positions are made vacant by his death. To those of you who have known him for the past 35 years, as I have, 1 need not speak of his private character; you have all witnessed his public spirit, his great charities; his love of friends and family, his unsui'passed social qualities, his pleasant greeting. All tjiese are firmly stored away in our memories, which we will all read over and over when we think of our departed friend."

We give a portrait of Mr. Davenport in this volume. Samuel Daub, architect and builder, was born in Pennsylvania in 1822. His father's name was also Samuel. Wlieu he was 16 years old he began to learn his trade in Bucks county, Pa., and served three years. When he was 24 years of age he went to Philadelphia and engaged in building. For four years he acted as foreman. He held contracts in a company that in one season built 240 houses, three stories in height each, the buildings covering an entire scpiare. Mr. Daub had a contract to finish the interior of these houses. At the same time he was building Fillmore's Hotel, Philadelphia. He was in that city about 20 years. When 27 years of age he was married to Miss Matilda Myer, who died in Elkhart May 26, 1877. She left 2 children, Kate and Emmanuel. When Mr. Daub came West he located in Elkhart and began carpentering and building. He has erected some of the better buildings, in the city. He built his own dwelling, and all the others on the same block. Main street, three of which he now owns. He is one of the best builders in Elkhart, and is constantly employed, with a large force of men, in erecting many of the first-class business and residence structures of Elkliart and vicinity,

William Davis was born in Springfield, Vt., Dec. 22, 1818, and is a son of Joshua and Mary Davis. At the age of 15 he learned the tailor's trade, in which he continued until the breaking out of the late war. He then sold goods about a year. In 1862 he went to Titusville, Pa., and engaged in tiie oil speculation, and soon grew very wealthy, until his profits in the traffic amounted to $300,000; but he was soon, stripped of this all by Wall-street shysters. He came to this county in 1S6S, and farmed for five years, when he removed to Elkhart and opened a merchant tailor shop: is a fine workman, and has a good business. Was married in 1839 to Miss iimeliaM. Bissell, sister of the noted Geo. W. Bissell, of New York city, who is a nephew of ex-Governor Bissell, of Illinois. They had 6 children of whom 3 are now living: Clarence E., Francis L. and Henry B. Mrs. Davis died a niunbcr of years ago.

Asa. J. Dennison is a machinist by occupation. He was born in Herkimer, JN". Y., June 12, 1830. His parents, Geo. and Sarah ( Yenalien ) Dennison, were natives of N. Y. Mr. D. was reared in Herkimer till 10 years old, then went to N. Y. city, where he remained for two years. His education was obtained in that city. He was there during- the great millennium excitement of 1843. Afterward he was at Watcrton one year, then worked in the ship yards at Clayton for a while, then went as a sailor boy on the lakes, where his first boat life was spent as folks' boy ; then as sailor, then as second mate, afterward as first mate, then finally as captain. He followed the lakes for 19 years, and many were the dangers and hardships that he encountered during this time. In 1859 he went to Califorina and returned within a year. In April, 1865, he enlisted in the army, Co. D, Oth Mich. Inf. Yol. He was ordered to I'fashville, Tenn., where he remained till the war closed. At this time he returned to Manchester, Mich., and resumed railroading. In August, 1372, he came to Elkhart, where he now resides; was engaged as machinist till quite recently; is now acting as yardmaster.

May 12, 1S55, he married Martha A., daughter of Simeon and Jane ( Hill ) Spencer. Mrs. Dennison was born in Scottsville, K Y., Oct. 11, 1835.

Leonard Dhiehart. - Among the leading farmers of Concord tp. we find the name of Leonard Dinehart. He was born May 6, 1818, in the town of Copake, N. Y. His parents, Peter and Margaret Dinehart, were also natives of that (Columbia) county. He was reai-ed on a farm, and educated in the common schools of the county. Jan. 15, 1812. he was married to Miss Chloe, daughter of Henderson and Betsey Cole, natives of Connecticut. Mrs. D. was born Dec. 16, 1817, in Italy, ISl. Y. September, 1847, Mr. Dinehart, with his wife and two children, started for the West, coming by water on the boat " Commodore Perrj','' which wrecked near Huron Harbor; but all escaped to land. They remained there three days on account of the intense wind and storm, then boarded the Robert Fulton and steered for Toledo, where they arrived some days after. Then they went to Ft. "Wayne on the canal. Mr. Dinehart left his wife and children at. Columbia city and walked to Elkhart, and after prospecting awhile, procured a team and went for his family and goods. After returning to this county he purchased 49 acres of land for $400; paid $100 cash, and the remainder on time; after a reasonable space of time he paid the debt and then bought and sold land as he saw fit; and by thus doing, with his own industrial efibrts he accumulated considerable property, now owning a farm of 250 acres, one-half mile south of Elkhart, valued at $100 per acre. His residence is a very fine structure, with beautiful surroundings, well showing the taste and enterprise of the possessor.

S16 Histoet Of Elkhakt County

This family was blessed with 10 children, 9 of whom are living, viz. : Aurilla; Bessie, who is a teacher in the high schools of Elkhart, and has held that position for seven years; Louisa, also a teacher; Samantha, now Mrs. Wm. A. Decamp; Harmon, who married Miss Mary Upp; Jennie, now Mrs. Chas. Decamp; Charles, a graduate of the Elkhart schools; Harvey; Martha, also a graduate of the Elkhart schools; and Frankie P., deceased. Mr. D.'s grandfather Dinehart served in the Revolution under Gen. Washington. "While on duty at one time he was standing near one Mr. Livingstone, and, without warning, a British officer stepped in front of this gentleman and deliberately raised his gun intending to do the deadly work; but just at that crisis Mr. Dinehart gave Mr. L. a sudden push and thus he narrowly escaped his terrible fate; for this Mr. L. bestowed upon his benefactor a fine farm lying on the border of Lake Copake, IST. Y. Mr. D., the subject of this sketch, in politics is a '' staunch Kepublican."

William N. Drake, harness dealer and manufacturer in Odd Fellows' Block, Main street, Elkhart, was born iu Sparta, Kockaway county, jST. .J., in 1835. He was the son of Cornelius and Mary A. (Tunis) Drake. His father was a shoemaker, and William worked with him at the same trade till he was lY, when he began to learn the harness-maker's trade. The family had taken up their residence in Rochester at this time. During his 17th year he went to Coldwater, Mich., where he completed his apprenticeship. He worked as a journeyman two years, and then opened a shop of his own in Hamilton, Steuben county, Ind. This was in 18.56. He was married in 1861 to Miss Mary Parmater, and went into business the following spring at Concord, .Jackson county, Michigan. Afterward he was established at Constantine, Mich. In 1866 he tried his fortunes in Chicago, and opened a harness shop on South State street. The great fire swept away his business and left him with crippled finances. He was in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in 1875, remaining there a year. He worked in Angola, 111., one winter, afterward settling in Elkhart, removing his family here in 1878. He first opened a harness establishment next door to the postoflice, and formed a partnership with Henry Neal, on'eof the oldest inhabitants of Elkhart. He did business with him four years. Mr. Neal retired in 1879, since which time Mr. Drake has carried on business on his individual account. He carries a fine stock, manufacturing his own goods, and deals in all articles fqr sale in a first-class harness store.

A. W. Duniar was born in Chautauqua county, jST. Y., Feb. 16, 1818. His parents were William and Mary (Pickett) Dunbar, the former a native of Massachusetts, and the latter of ISTew York. His grandmother. Polly Purcell. was born on Nantucket Island. Mr. Dunbar was reared on a farm, and received a common-school education. He came to St. Joseph county, Mich., in 1836, and engaged in farming. In 1857 he came to this county, and resided on a farm two and a half vears, when he removed to Elkhart. He was sales- man in the lumber yard here for five and a half years. He served over three years in the late war, in Co. A., iSth Ind. Vol. Inf., and participated in the battles of Champion Hills, siege of Vicksburg, luka, Corinth, Raymond, Jackson, Miss., and others, 10 in all. Holes were shot in his hat at luka. He was married in March, 1839, to Miss Pho3be C. Stndley, by whom he had 6 children; of these, 5 are living, namely, Mary A., Harriet N., Helen M., William H., and Frank M. The deceased's name was Clarinda C. In 1876 Mr. Dunbar engaged in the sale of lime, coal, cement, feed, etc., in Elkhart, and is now doing a large business.

Jeremiah Dunmlre, deceased, was a native of Stark county, Ohio, and was born July 9, 1841. His parents were Gustavus and Julia A. Dnnmire, natives of Pennsylvania. He came to Elkhart county in 1864. and pursued the vocation of a farmer until his death. He was married Aug. 3, 1862, to Miss Mary Overmyer, who was born in Sandusky county, Ohio, July 10, 1844, and is a daughter of Elias and Judith Overmyer, natives of Pennyslvania. They had 9 children, viz.: Ellen, Hosanna, Emma, John, James, Elizabeth, Rufus, Charles and George. He had been a worthy member of the Lutheran Church since 1861. His father resides in Huntingdon county. Pa. at the advaned age of 74 years. Mr. Dunmire died Dec. 26, 1879, loved and respected by all. Mrs. Dunmire still resides on the farm, which consists of 124 acres on section 33, Concord town hip.

Frederick C. Eckelman^ M. D., was born at Selin's Grove, Union (now Snyder) county, Pa., Nov. 3, 1836, son of Francis and Barbara (Bauman) Eckelman, natives of Pennsylvania; father was a farmer by occupation and was much respected in his community ; he died in jSTorthumberland county, in that State, in 1S5S; the Doctor's mother is still living, and resides at Selin's Grove, Pa. The subject of this sketch passed his early years on his father's farm, receiving a common-school education and attending one year at Union Seminary at New Berlin, Pa. When of age his father died, and he took charge of the estate and carried on the farm about a year. In the spring of 18.58 lie commenced the study of medicine in 'the office of Dr. P. rt. Wagenseller, at Selin's Grove, and the following fall and winter he attended lectures at the Pennsylvania Medical College at Philadelphia; in tlie spring he returned to his studies at Selin's Grove, and the fall and winter of 1860-'61 attended another course of medical lectures at the same college, where he graduated the ensuing spring. He then came West, locating in Bristol, this county, wliere he at once commenced the practice of his profession, meeting with good success.

April 9, 1861. at Mottville, Mich., by Rev. A. S. Bartholomew, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Luke, a native of Selin's Grove, Pa., and a daughter of Abram Luke . The Doctor immediately commenced keeping house at Bristol, where he continued his practice until the spring of 1866, when, not having much faith in the future growth of that place, although his patronage there surpassed that of any other physician of that town, he removed to DesMoines, lovra, and shortly afterward to Tipton, Cedar county, Iowa, where lie carried on a drugstore and practiced medicine for four months; he then sold out and located in Buchanan, Mich., where he followed both these businesses until the fall of 1867, when he again sold out and finally removed to Elkhart city, for which place he had always entertained some feeling of partiality. By this time he had become coiisiderably reduced financially, and his start here, therefore, was on a very limited scale. He opened a drug store at 130 Main street, and, offering his professional services to the public, he soou more than regained his former footino in this county, and took a high rank as one of its leading physicians ; his practice at present is second to none iu the city. At first he resided for three years, with his family, in the upper story of the building in which he had his di'ug' store; he then built the large store which he now occupies, 20 by SO feet, and two stories high, of brick, and one of the best buildings on Main street. In 1S76 he erected a vevy fine private residence on 2d street, at a cost of about $15,000. It is of Milwaukee brick, with artificial stone trimmings, and is the latest style of architecture. It is twostories high, with basement, and 30 by 55 feet. The house is furnished in modern style, with all the conveniences necessary to comfort and economy. It has a Bell telephone which connects with his place of business. The grounds surrounding the residence are finely ornamented with walks, shrubbery aud a fountain, the latter supplied with water by a windmill. It is an ornament to the city and speaks much to the Doctor's credit in the way of enterprise. He is very pleasantly situated in all matters necessary to the comforts of life, financially, socially and in his family. His children are Minnie V., Melius M. and Ora S. The Doctor is a member of the Odd Fellows and Knight Templar orders.

We give a portrate of Dr. Eckelmau in this volume, Joel JEllis, one of the retired citizens of Elkhart, was born in Otsego county, N. Y., Feb. 14, 1821. His father's name was Jacob, and he is the brother of John W. Ellis, whose sketch appears on page 820. When Joel ari-ived in this county with his parents he was nearly 12 years of ago. He remained with his father on the farm till he was 24, when he was married to Miss Emeline Bailey. He soon afterward engaged in the forwarding and commission business on the St. Joseph, an enterprise of much consequence at that period, and one which has made him a historical character in the progress of Elkhart county. From 1846 to 1851, Mr. Ellis continued the business, until his name became a household word over an extent of country 30 miles to the south and eastward. At that day the only outlet to this region for market purposes -was down the St. Joseph to the port of the same name on Lake Michigan. Mr. Ellis owned boats and three warehouses, the latter being situated on the Elkhart, a little above its confluence with the St. Joseph. Remains of one of these warehouses are still standing. One of these warehouses was at the foot of Wash- ington street, another on Sycamore street, and a third on lot No. 3. The means of transportation employed by Mr. Ellis were keelboats, and these towed by light draft steamers. At the time mentioned there were 20 or 25 boats running between Elkhart and St. Jose])h, of which five were steamers. Besides these there were numerons flat-boats. There was nsually from 25 to 30 inches of water on the shoals, and quite large cargoes of produce were taken down the river. The steamers would carry 300 bushels of corn, and the keel boats much more. Among the shippei-s at Mr. Ellis' docks were Barnes & Defrees, Hawks Bros., of Waterford; Mr. Bivens, of Oswego; Mr. Darrough. of Benton, and Harris Bros., of Monocut. All kinds of merch.nndise were brought up from St. Joseph. Mr. Ellis relates ho'w, at one time, just before the opening of navigation, he had 27,000 barrels of flonr in his warehouses at one time. This was in the spring of ISiT. But the time came when the building of the Michigan Southern railroad destroyed the importance of the St. Joseph river as an avenue of traffic, and Mr. Ellis found, as many another man has found, that what was a great benefit to the communitj^ at large was a serious interference with his own present profits and his future prospects. In 1S52 navigation on the St. Joseph river, for commercial purposes, closed forever, and the keel boats and steamers went into a perpetual ordinary, or were knocked in pieces for other utilities than conveying farm products to market. Mr. Ellis found his warehouses deserted, and the corn, wheat and iiour of the region, and the merchandise that was needed in it, going and coming on the M. S. railroad. Reluctantly he yielded to the inevitable, locked his empty warehouses, tied up his boats or run them downi the river for sale, and turned his attention to other and more modern pursuits. But it was a serious loss to him. The last cargo was a load of high wines for Hawks Bros., which was shipped in the Red Rover, Capt. James Smith. The barge never came back, but was sold in St. Joseph. After he had closed the forwarding and eommission business Mr. Ellis took up his residence on a farm of 320 acres that he owned south of Elkhart, and improved it. In 1863 he returned to Elkhart to reside, having exchanged a portion of his farm for 90 acres within the corporate limits of the town. This property has grown quite valuable by the growth of the city, and a portion of it has been sold as city lots. Mr. Ellis' residence is situated on Burg street, in one of the finest portions of North Elkhart. He is a member of the order of Odd Fellows, and occupies a high social position in his locality. Mr. and Mrs. Ellis have 6 sons and 1 daughter. Jacob is employed as a railroad man; Wm. D. is married and is an employe in Mayor Conn's music-horn factory; Charles F. also is an attache of that establishment; Mace P. is railroading; Fred L. and Joel Ellis, Jr., are at home, and Clara, the daughter, is also at home.

John W. Ellis, of the Excelsior Starch Works, Elkhart, was born in Oswego county, K". Y., in the year 1825. He was the son of Jacob and Catharine (Bnrch) Ellis. Mr. Ellis' boyhood and youth were passed on his father's farm. His family removed to Elkhart, Ind\, in 1831, and settled upon wild land, among the Indians, in what is now Concord tp. When Mr. Ellis was IS years of age he found employment in a store in Elkhart as a clerk. His "employer was Philo Morehouse, and he remained with him about two years. He then engaged in trade on his own account at Edwardsburg, Mich. In one year he made a change to Waukegan, Wis., remaining there till 1850, when he went out among the pioneers to California, and was engaged in mining there for two years. He went out in what was called the " second emigration," overland, making the trip in 52 days, from the Missouri river to Sacramento, the quickest passage of that season. On returning he again engae-ed in trade atWaukegan, and continued in that line till 1856, wheiThe came to Elkhart, and here was engaged in merchandising and farming till 1S73. He still owns a farm in this vicinity. When the Excelsior Starch Mills were built he joined the stock company, assisted in establishing the works, and has since given his attention to promoting the success of the enterprise. He is also connected with the Eagle Knitting Factory, and is a director in that company. Mr. Ellis, in 1849, was married to Miss Clarissa Green. They have 5 children : Mary C, Jay B., Colonel Fremont, James S. and Lulu Belle. Mary C. is married to Koss F. McGregor, Dayton, 0., who is a steam-engine manufacturer. Jay E. is a machinist, and has a shop in Elkhart. Colonel F. is a physician; was a graduate of the ;N"ew York Homeopathic College, and is practicing in Ligonier, Ind. James S. is connected with the Eagle Knitting Works. Lulu is attending school. Mr. Ellis is a member of the Congregational Church in Elkhart, and is a Deacon in that organization. He is a member of the Masonic order, and holds the rank of Sir Knight. He was a member of the City Council in 1876 and 1878. From 1861 to 1875 he was Assessor of the town and tp. of Elkhart, and thus acquired a thorough knowledge of the value of property here. Mr. Ellis has been secretary of the Excelsior Starch Mills for the last three years, and a director of the company since its organization.

Orland S. Emerson, foreman in the machine department, Elkhart, Ind., was born in Kennebec, Maine, May 29, 1836, and is a son of Asa P. and Mary (Sole) Emerson, the former a native of Massachusetts and the latter of Maine. While in early childhood he was taken by his parents to Waterville, Me., where he was reared ; bis education was received in the schools of that town. He was married Oct. G. 1857, to Caroline JST. Crane, by whom he has had 8 children; 2 of these are living, viz.: Fred 0. and Marietta. Chas. M. is deceased. Mr. Emerson learned the machinery business while in Waterville, Me., where he worked for seven years, then went to New York city, and was engaged for one year in the same business with Yernes, Bard & Co., a tire-engine company. At the expiration of that time he went to North Vassalboro, Me., where he remained for five years, then to Yerraont, and passed seven years at his trade in the towns of Franklin and Concord, tlien he went to La Porte and tlience here. In politics he is a strong Republican.

F. B Erxoin, paper manniacturer, St. Joseph Yalley Mills, was born in Randolph county, Ind., in 1836. He was the son of George TV. Erwin, and Catharine (John ) Erwin. His father was a farmer near Lafayette, Ind., but in ISol embarked in paper manufacture in Middletown, Ohio. He was in the business at that place 20 years, and in 1S73 built the Elkhart Writing-Paper Mill, with the assistance of other parties. The firm was then known by the style of Erwin, Upp. & Co. Two years afterward Mr. J. C Lane bought Mr. Upp's interest, and the firnr of Erwin, Lane & Co. was formed . This company includes among its members J. C. Erwin and F. B. Erwin. The latter was once interested in a vanilla-paper mill with his brother, and has followed paper manufacturing since he was IS years of age. He was also a lumber dealer and contractor. He came to this State in 1873, to superintend the building of his father's mill. He was married in 18.58 to Miss Rachel McQuiety, of Middletown, Ohio. They have two sons, both of whom are now attending school. He is a Freemason, and in politics a Republican.

t/oAw 6'. ^rvjm, of thefirm of Erwin, Lane & Co., of the Elkhart Writing-Paper Mills, was born in Wayne Co., Ind., Nov. 28, 1838. He was the son of Geo. W. Erwin, and brother of F. B. Erwin. He was connected with his father and brothers in the paper manufacture in Middletown, Oiiio. The elder Erwin was instrumental in the building of five different paper mills in Middletown, the greatest paper producing town in the State. John C. and his brother, F. B. Erwin, were interested in a vanilla paper mill in Ohio. From 1865 to 1S73 John C. Erwin and his father were interested in the founding and management of the first writing-paper mill in Ohio. In the latter year they established a writing-paper mill in Elkhart, and F. B. Erwin, having, with his brother, sold the vanilla mill in Ohio, came to Elkhart and assisted in building the mill, and subsequently took an interest in it, in connection with the firm of Erwin, Lane & Co. John C. Erwin is connected with the Butler Paper Company, of Chicago, and is a director in that organization. Mr. Erwin was married to Miss Mary Hagaman, of Middletown, Ohio, in 1867. They have 3 children, Catharine, George, and an infant, the oldest being 12 years of age.

Simon £ssig was born in Stark county, Ohio, March 8, 1819, and is a son of John and Susannah Essig, natives of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. He was reared on a farm, and received a common-school education, in an old-fashioned country school-house. He was married Dec. 5, 1839, to Miss Polly Wertenberger, a native of Stark county, Ohio. They have had 9 children, 7 living, viz.: Susannali, Lj'dia, John, Simon, Lewis, Lovina and Solomon. Mr. Essig came to this count)' in 1856. He had nothing to begin with in life except a good constitution and a will ; and has now a good lionie. In politics he is Democratic. Three of his uncles were soldiers in the war o;' 1812, and his Grandfather Essig served as blacksmith from beginning to end of the Revolution, in General Washington's command.

Jxidge Isaac iV. Everett was born in VanBuren county, Iowa, in 1843, when that State was a Territory. His parents had removed to that then wild and remote country from Champaign county, O., and returned to the latter locality in 1851. They made tlie journey out and return by wagons, as there were no railroads in the West at that early day. When Isaac was 12 years of age his father died, but he was enabled to begin a course of study preparatory to a college course; when, however, the call for troops to put down the Rebellion became pressing, Judge Everett responded to the patriotic voice, and enlisted in the 31st Ohio Infantry. Under Gen. Rosecrans he made tb.e march through Kentucky to Murfreesboro, and on to Tullahoma, and was in the campaign that resulted in the battle of Chickamauga and the capture of Chattanooga. He was alsoin the Atlanta campaign. He then obtained a furlough and returned to Ohio. Wiien lie reached the front again, Sherman had cut loose from Atlanta, and had torn up the railroad tracks in hisrear. Mr. Everett was in the movement through the Carolinas toward Richmond, resulting in the capture of the rebel capital. He was honorably discharged at Washington, after the grand review. He spent the subsequent winter in Louisville, Ky., and at length entered Wesleyan University, Delaware, O. In 1867 he read law in the office of Munger & Walker, Findlay, 0., and thereafter spent one year in the law department of the Michigan University, Ann Arbor. He graduated at the end of that curriculum in the spring of 1869, and located at San xVntonio, Texas, for practice. He was elected by the Legislature of that State Judge of the 26th judicial district, which lay north of SanAntonio, and held that position for four years, when he resigned, which was in 1848. The same fall he returned to the North and settled in Elkhart. He opened a law office here and was elected City Judge in 1879. He was married in 1873 to Miss Mary Phillips, of Kenton, 0. They have 1 son. Judge Everett is a member of the Presbyterian Church.

Dr. Augustus A. Fahnestock was born in Harper's Ferry, Ya., Sept. 25, 1833. His father. Alfred Fahnestock, was a native of Baltimore, Md., and his mother, Eleanor Fahnestock, of Petersburg, Va. They removed with their family to Lancaster, Ohio, in 1835. In 1849 our subject went to Rochester, N. T., where he became well versed in the sciences of botany and chemistry. He remained in Rochester three years with EUwanger & Barry, nurserymen of that place. He was then appointed Professor of Botany' and Chemistry in the iSTew York Central Medical College, which position he held for three years. He then went to Albany,

N. Y., and superintended the construction of a large hot-house and grapery at that place. In 1856 the Doctor went to St. Louis, IMo., and there became foreman for Seigle Bros', nursery. He soon afterward took charge of the nursery of Asa Horr, in Dubuque, Iowa. In 1S5S he went to Toledo, Ohio, and in company with his father and another gentleman, established a large nursery there. During the winter of lS61-'2 he attended lectures at the Cleveland Medical College, and paid his tuition by delivering lectures upon botany. lie graduated at Hahnemann Medical College at Chicago, and then began the practice of medicine in Monroeville, Ohio. At the end of iive years he went to the old homestead, and attended to repairs for two years. In 1870 he came to Elkhart and engaged in the practice of medicine. He makes the diseases of women a specialty, and has been eminently successful. The Doctor has one of the finest medical libraries in all Northern Indiana. He was married in lS5i, to Miss Susan A. Wood, a native of Ithaca, JST. T. ; this union has been blessed with 6 children, of whom 5 are living, viz.: Eleanor E.. Catharine W., Grace, Charles L. and William M. Eleanor is a prominent teacher in the Asylum for Feeble-minded Children, in Columbus, Ohio. Dr. F. is a descendant of Count Von Joseph Fahnestock, first Prime Minister of Prussia in 1659, who married a daughter of John Sobieski, King of Poland.

Dr. A. L. Fisher was born in Ontario county, IS. Y., Aug. 1, 1845, and is a son of Jeremiah and Althea (Willson) Fisher, the former a native of Bristol, JST. Y., and the latter of Ontario county, jST. Y. Jeremiah Fisher's great grandfather was a commissioned officer under King George II. in the Province of Massachusetts Bay. His wife (our subject's mother) is a cousin of Marcius Willson, author of the noted series of Willson's Headers; and she is a niece of Gilbert Willson, of Richmond, Ontario county, N. Y., who is 95 years old. The Doctor received his literary education in East Bloomfield Academy, and is a graduate of Hahnemann Medica College, of Philadelphia, Pa., having received his diploma in*- 1871. Previous to his graduation he practiced one season in Kalamazoo county, Mich. After graduation he remained one season in Michigan, and then went to Shelby ville, Ind., where he remained but six months. Then, in 1872, he located in Elkhart, and has had a constantly increasing practice until his field of labor is very large. In 1872 he married Miss Carrie A. Wheelock, of West Bloomfield, N. Y., by whom he has 2 children: Hally and Winifred. He makes a specialty of diseases of infants and children, with which he is eminently successful.

Edxoln D. Foster, carriage-maker, was born in Granville, Washington county, ]Sr. Y., in 1824. He was the son of Wm. and Fanny (Evans) Foster. They removed to Ohio when Edwin was three years of age. His father died Jan. 13, 1859, his mother continuing to reside on the old homestead. Edwin began to learn the trade of a blacksmith when he was 19 years of age. Subsequently he learned the carriage-maker's trade. Before leaving Oliio he married Eliza J. Hayden, of Miinson, Geauga county. He came to Elkhart in February, 1S6S, and opened a shop near his present site. About 1865 he was elected Marshal of Elkhart, and served two years. He bought tlie commodious brick carriage factory that he now occupies, of Harper & Rittenhouse. The building had been occupied as a furniture and window-shade factory, had been burned and rebuilt, but not finished. Mr. Foster completed it, and fitted it up for the purposes of a carriage factory. His sons learned the trade with him, and were for some time employed in the shops. When Charles Alvin was 21, he took a half interest in the enterprise, and Alex. Gordon also joined in partnership. He retired after three years, and the brothers, Alvin and George, have latterly carried on the business under the firm name of Foster Bros. George H. Foster, one of the brothers, has been Deputy Postmaster for several years. There are 7 sons in Mr. Foster's family, 5 of whom are of age. All but 1 are over six feet in height, and 1, Frank, is six feet three inches tall; the father is six'fect, six and one-half inches in altitude; 3 of the children are married. Mr. Foster is a member of the Methodist Church, and lias been a Good Templar for 26 years, and member of one lodge of that organization for 20 years, and he has been all along a strong temperance man. The Fosters are making a fine line of carriages, and the work that they produce contrasts siiarpiy with the cheap vehicles that more pretentions factories are turning out for tlie deception uf unwary purchasers.

Dr. C. S. Frinh, the subject of this sketch, is at this time the oldest active practitioner of regular medicine in the city of Elkhart. He was born in Jefterson county, N". Y., April 3, 1835, but in the following year he was initiated into the mysteries of back-woods life in the Hoosier State. His parents, J^athan and Marian (Pease) Frink, both natives of ISTew York, with his 3 sisters and 1 brother, settled in JSToble county in the fall of 1836, and at once began the task of clearing up a farm in the heaviest of heavily timbered land, near the head-waters of the Elkhart river. The work was hard, but the father's persevering energy, aided by his eldest son, at last conquered, though the idolized mother died in less than a year, leaving a truly desolate family. The hand of poverty rested heavily on the household and sadly interfered with the educational ambition of the subject of this sketch. The common school and later on in life the Fort Wayne College, for a short time, gave him all the opportunities he had excepting his own unaided but determined etforts. In 1854 he began the study of medicine, and in the spring of 1859 he graduated at the Medical Department of the University of Michigan. He then located in Pome City, Ind.. where he practiced his profession until the fall of 1862, when he received a commission as Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Vols., and was assigned to hospital staff duty in V7ashiQgton, !N"ashville and Knoxville, Tenn., until January, 1861:, when he was promoted Surgeon U. S. Vols., and assigned to the field, at tirst in charge of the Operating Board of the 23d Corps, then as Surgeon-in-Chief of the 1st Division and afterward to the 3rd Division of the same corps, commanded by Gen. J. D. Cox, on whose staff he remained until the close of the war, filling the position of Medical Director of the corps during the last four months ' of its existence. After being mustered out of the service, he was breveted a Lieut. Colonel of U. S. Vols, for gallant and meritorious conduct in the field, the commission being signed by Andrew Johnson. In the fall of 1865 he located in Elkhart and resumed the practice of medicine. He was married in the fall of 1858 to Miss Arabella J. Verrailyea, by whom he has had 4 children, 2 of whom are living, Elloine and Charles W. In 1869 his wife died and two years afterward he married Mrs. Angeline S. Lowe, of Philadelphia. The fruits of this union have been i children, 3 of whom are living, viz. : Lauer S., Emily and Maud. The Doctor has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church since his fifteenth year, and his wife was of a Quaker family, but has from childhood :

Rev. John F. Funh, Pastor of the Mennonite Church, at Elkhart, and editor of the Herxild of Truth, was born in Bucks county. Pa., April 6, 1835, and is a son of Jacob Funk, a native of Pennsylvania. Mr. Funk is a self-made man, having started with a limited common-school education ; he worked and attended school during the summer and fall, and taught through the winters, for a few years. In 1857 he went to Chicago, and engaged in the lumber business for nine years. In 1864 he established a Mennonite paper in Chicago, entitled. Herald of Truth., which he brought to Elkhart in 1867. He now owns a book-publishing house and bindery, which he runs in connection with his paper : He organized the Mennonite Church in Elkhart since locating here, and is still its Pastor. He was married January 17, 1864, to Miss . ., Salome Kratz, by whom he has had 6 children ; of these but 2 ; -Si are living, Martha and Phebe. . -- '

David Oarver was born in Wayne county, 0., July 30, 1819, and is a son of Frederick and Sarah Garver, tiie former a native Frederick Co., Md., and the latter of the vicinity of Williams- -' , port. Pa. Mr. Garver was reared on a farm, and educated in a common school. He came with his parents to Cass Co., Mich., in 1828, where they remained until 1835, then removed to this county. He was married in 1843 to Miss Elizabeth Burget, -by whom he had 9 children, 6 of whom are now living, viz.: Susan, Edwin, Albert, Silas, Ellen and David. Mrs. Garver died jSTov. 30, 1864, and he again married Sept. S8, 1865, this time Susan . Van Wert, by whom he has 4 children, viz.: Albert, Amelia, Emma and Clara. Mr. Garver owns a fine residence, on section -

Alexander Gordon. - Among the prominent farmers of Concord . township, we find the name of Alexander Gordon. He was born Jan. 26, 1828, in Westmoreland Co., Pa. His parents were John and Eleanor (McWilliams) Gordon, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Ireland, and came to America in 1793. Our subject was reared on a farm till he was 18 years of age, when he engaged in lumbering, which vocation he followed for about 25 years. His father died when he was quite young, and he liad to support both himself and mother. His father at one time was one of the prominent farmers of Westmoreland county, but a great misfortune befell him. He went as security for other men and became so deeply involved that bankruptcy was the result, and he died in poverty, and in these limited circumstances he left his family. But in spite of all these hardships Alexander passed the prime of his life and thus accumulated property to the amount of SiO,000. He was married Aug. 20, 1S57, to Mary J., daughter of Kobert and Mary McBride. They have had 8 children, 6 of whom are living, viz.: Allen H., Albert A., Alexander, Wm. G. Addie G. and Alice A. Mr. Gordon was Postmaster in Nebraska, Pa., for tt years. In life he has always been considered prominent. He is a strong advocate of Republicanism.

James M. K. Gore, of the firm of Gore & Wright, planing-mill proprietors and wood-workers, was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., in 1837. His father's name was Samuel C, and his mother's name Ruth (Ketcham) Gore. His father was a pattern-maker. His family moved to Putnam county when James was two years of age, and remained there till he was 18 years old. He learned the pattern-maker's trade at Cold Springs, opposite West Point. When he was 18 years of age the family emigrated to the West, and settled in Elkhart, the father engaging in the wood-working business. James went to Mishawaka in 1860, and was employed in a furniture factory. Being a musician, in 1861 he enlisted in the 6th Michigan Infantry as leader of the "band. His regiment was ordered to Baltimore, and remained there six months, then to Newport News, Ship Island, New Orleans, Vicksburg, Baton Rouge, finally returning to New Orleans, where they were mustered out in 1862, the Government concluding to dispense vvith brass bands in the army. Returning to Mishawaka, Ind., Mr. Gore engaged in the manufacture of chairs, for 13 months. In 1863 he raised a compan}- in Mishawaka and was commissioned as its Captain, being assigned to the ISSth Indiana Regiment, going out for 100 days, but remaining five months, mostly engaged in the duty of guarding railroads in the rear of Gen. Sherman's army while they marched through Georgia to the sea. In 1865 Capt. Gore went to Fond du Lac, Wis., and was employed as foreman of the Union Iron Works there. In 1869 he returned to- Elkhart and embarked in the planing-mill and wood-working business with .John Vanderlip, till Jan. 1, 1873, when Henry C. Wright bought Mr. Vanderlip's interest, and he firm of Gore & Wright was formed. In 1875 Fred Wright bought Henry C. Wright's interest, and has been Mr. Gore's partner until the present. The firm run a planing-mill, manufacture dours and blinds and sash, and do a general jobbing business in the woodeiSTOHT OF ELKHAET COUNTY. S29 working line. Their factory is on Jackson street, east of Sage Bros' mills, and is furnished with a large amount of modern machinery. Capt. Gore was married in 1862 to Miss Elizabeth E. Field. One daughter, Grace, was born of this marriage. The first Mrs. Gore died in 1863, and Mr. Gore was married to Miss Elizabeth J. Ferris, of Mishawaka, in 1866. They hfive 1 son, Morton W. Capt. Gore is a third-degree Mason, and a member of the order of Chosen Friends. Religiously, he is a communicant in the Episcopal Church. He suifered lieavily by a tire on April 13, 1874, losing his wood-working establishment, bat hopes by industry and good fortune to retrieve his loss.

Joseph 0. Gregg was born in Circleville, Pickaway county, O., Jan. 5, 1841. His father, Israel Gregg, was engaged in the dry. goods trade in Circleville. Mr. Gregg from his earliest boyhood to the outbreak of the Rebellion spent most of his time in school. When Fort Sumter was fired upon he enlisted for three months in the 14th Ohio Infantry, and participated in the battles of Cheaj River, Laurel Hill, Phillippi and Cassack's Ford. When his firs ^ term of enlistment expired he re-enlisted for three years, and was engaged in the battles of Ft. Henry, Ft. Donelson (where he was bayonetted), Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, was in the Shenandoah Valley campaign, and with Gen. Grant during the Wilderness campaign, the march on Richmond and the several battles of that famous movement, ending in the fall of Richmond. He is satisfied with having tilled his position faithfully in the ranks as a private of the Si.xth Corps until he was honorably discharged. At the close of the war he engaged in his father's business, that of a dealer in dry-goods, on his own account, in Findlay, Ohio. Here he was married to Miss Emma F. O'Neal, daughter of Hon. Chas. W. O'JSleal. Failing health forced him to dispose of his business and remove to the West. In 1870 he located in Elkhart, Ind., where he has continued to reside until the present. In 1874 he invented and obtained letters patent on a process for reducing wood to paper stock, and erected a small mill ibr its manufacture. In 1S75 he invented and patented an improvement in his process, and patented the doubled-faced grinder in 1876. In 1878, finding the price of wood pulp declining, he invented the "combination board," on which he has obtained three letters patent, and is now engaged in its manufacture. This enterprise is proving to be a rich harvest to the Combination Board Company, of which Mr. Gregg is a member. Mr. Gregg's life so far has been a busy one. He firmly believes that close attention to business and careful management will win, and practically demonstrates his faith in this doctrine by devoting to it all his time and strength.

Michael Griffin was born at Chattam, near Canterbury, Kent, England, May '28, 1827. His father was Michael GriflBn, and his mother's maiden name was Sarah Baldwin. The father's occupation was that of a paper-maker. His father now lives at Kidderminster, England, and is S3 years of age. ' .

Mr. Griffin lived at Kidderminster four years before he came to America, and there learned the trade of paper-making. "When he had completed his apprenticeship he started out on the " papermaker's round," as it was called, iu search of work. He was furnished 18 to 2i cents a day by his trade association, and with this insufficient allowance he traveled 1,300 miles, looking in vain for employment. When he had completed the great circuit he became disgusted with England, and turned his hopes and his face toward America, the land of freedom and glorious opportunity. He was furnished £10 by the emigration society of that day, and by its aid was enabled to make the voyage to New York. From that city he, with a companion in adventure, went to Hartford, Conn., where they worked for three months at various labor. Their next stopping place was at Hei'kimer, IST. Y., where Mr. Griffin found employment in a paper-mill throughout the winter of 18i9. He afterward worked at his trade in Bradford, Yt., where he remained 18 months. He was subsequently employed in Glaremont, N. H., and Shirley, Mass. from the latter place he removed to Middletown, Ohio, and was employed by the Erwin Bros., since so wellknown in connection with the paper manufacture in Elkhart. Seturning East, he was employed at Bennington, K. H., Dracut, Mass., and Lawrence. At the latter place he married Miss Lydia Cox, and has lived happily with her ever since. After leaving Lawrence he worked seven and a half years iu Dorchester, Mass., and in 1864 he had what he considered an advantageous offer in Louisville, Ky., and worked in a paper-mill there for six months. The cost of living being high there he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, and while there worked six weeks in Castalia. Afterward he removed to Richmond, Ind., then to Hamilton, Ohio, to South Bend, Sellers' Landing, 111., Peoria, Excello, Ohio, finally locating permanently in Elkhart. Since coming here he has been iu the employ of Erwin, Lane & Co., and in the tissue-paper mill. He was one of the corporators of the tissue-paper company, and now owns considerable stock in that institution. When he arrived in Elkhart he had but $140 ; now he owns a tine house and lot in Northeast Elkhart, and his stock in the paper-mill, and is out of debt. He has been a "rolling stone," but he has gathered some moss, and his employment in so many difterent paper-mills in various parts of the country has given him a large experience in his business, a principal element of success in any calling. Mr. Griffin has 5 children living, having lost 2 by death. His 2 sons, Henry and Franklin, are employed in the paper-mill with their father. Jane, a daughter, married Lloyd Hatch, a paper-maker. Khoda and Eliza are unmarried.

Joh7i M. Hachathorn was born in Plymouth, Eichland county, O., Dec. 1, 1831. He was the son of Peter and Margaret (Andrews) Hackathorn, and remained in Plymouth till he was 25 years of age. He settled in Elkhart in 1859. and was here employed as a clerk for John Davenport for a time, and finally became his partner. In

1860 he was married to Miss Clementine Davenport, daughter of his partner. In 1870 he engaged in the grocery trade, which he continued till 1875. In 1877 he began to deal in ice, and now manages the Elkhart ice houses. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, liaving passed through all the degrees of that ordei', and now belongs to the chapter and commandery. He was once interested in the hydraulic works, and the Elkhart Woolen Mills. He built the brick store next south of the Clifton House, Main street, and a ver}' fine residence on the corner of Second and Marion streets. He also erected a handsome dwelling in North Elkhart, where he now resides. Mr. Hackathorn is the principal ice dealer in Elkhart.

Dr. Robert Q. Haggerty was born in Hancock county, Ohio, Dec. 27, 1853, and is a son of the late Kobert J. Haggerty, a prominent physician of Elkhart. He was educated at Notre Dame, Ind., and is a graduate of the Missouri Medical College, of St. Louis, and also of the Hush Medical College, of Chicago. He began practice in Elkhart in 1878, and is doing a good business, having practiced with his father prior to his death, which occurred in January, 1880.

Charles C. Harris was born in Yates count}', New York, May 31, 1837, and is the son of Nathan and Phila A. (Cole) Harris, natives of New Plampshire. Mr. Harris was reared on a farm until 16 years of age. He began working for railroad companies in 1855, and has been a i-ailroad man ever since. He began at the foot of the ladder and has gradually arisen until he is now conductor on a passenger train, and is in the employ of the L. S. & M. S. E,. R. Company. His parents came to this count}' in 1838. {Plis father soon after died, and he returned with his mother to New York, where he remained until 14 years old, and then returned to this county. He was married in April, 1859, to Miss Salina Punches, by whom he has 3 children: George, Nellie and Carrie.

Wm. Uartsog^ I'armer, sec. 24; P. O., Elkhart; is a son of Benjamin and Sarah Hartzog, natives of Pennsylvania; he was born in Wayne county, Ohio, Aug. 29. 1830; in 1843 he came with his parents to this county, where he grew to manhood; his education was attained in the common schools. He was married .June 8, 1854, to Catharine, daughter of George and Mary Huiebaugh, and has had 5 children; 2 are living, viz.: Benjamin, married to Alice C. Biggie, and Sarah A. Mr. Hartzog is of German ancestry. His grandfather came to America at an early day. Mr. JI. is the owner of 206 acres of land, part of which is in sec. 24. Politically he embraces all the doctrines and principles of the Republican party.

James W. Ilass was born in Springiield, 111., Oct. 21, 1834; his parents were Jacob and Marial Hass, the former a native of Germany and came to America when only 11 years old. He was sold by the captain to a man in New York city for his labor, which required his services for two years; in 1833 he settled in Springfield, 111., when that State was yet a Territory. He pre-empted the land whereon the city of Springfield stands. In 1835 he removed to

Butler comity, Oliio, where he remained till 1841, then moved with his family to Randolph county, Ind.; in these two places our subject was reared and educated. In 1853 they moved to Cass county Mich., and there Mr. Jacob Hass died. In lS5i James W. went to Dallas county, Iowa. In 1860 they returned to Cass county, Mich., and in 1866 came to this county, wliere he has since resided. May 15, 1856, he married Alcinda Paul and had 4 children. 2 of these are living, viz.: Hattie and William. Mrs. Hass was born Feb. 14, 1840. Her parents, Benjamin and Mary Williams, were early settlers in this county. Mr. Hass' father was a Captain in the war of 1812. Mr. H. owns a farm of 80 acres one-half mile south of Elkhart, worth $110 pei- acre.

Andrew Hay was born in Bedford county. Pa., Dec. 18, 1827, and is a son of Jacob and Mary Ha}'. He was reared on a farm and early became accustomed to hard labor. At the age of 17 he learned the plasterer's trade, which lie has followed ever since, except two years, which time he farmed in Michigan. He came to this county in 1844; was married Oct. 11, 1855, to Miss Sarah A. Stockbarger, by whom he has 4 children: John J., Andrew Horace Greeley, Mary S. and Sarah H. Zoa. John J. is in the regular army at Fort Lincoln, Dakota Territory. Mr. Hay is a fine workman, and lias a good, remunerative business.

Walter S. Hazelton, of the firm of Brodrick Bros. & Hazelton, was born in Strafl:brd, Orange county, Vermont, Dec. 1, 1840, and is a son of Thomas and Sarah (Kibliug) Hazelton. Five generations of the Hazcltous have resided on the same farm, our subject's greatgrandfather, grandfather, father, a brother, and his brother's son. The latter now resides there. This is in Orange county, Vermont. There are 12 children in his father's family, 6 boys and 6 girls, all living, and he is the youngest. The others are all in Vermont except his youngest sister, who is in California. He went to California by way of the Isthmus, in 1864. He went there on bor- I'owed cash, and when he arrived in San Francisco, he was without money. He there borrowed .$5 of a friend to bear his expenses to Sutler county, the place of his destination. He dug post holes the first month tor his board. He walked to Lincoln on Sunday, a distance of 10 miles, to purchase a pair of sheep shears. His friend with whom he had been stopping, persuaded him to abandon the idea of sheep-shearing, and he took him to Cashville. and secured for him a situation as clerk. He returned to Elkhart in 1876, and February, 1877, opened a grocery store, which he ran for 18 months. In 1879 he engaged in the dry-goods business, and also carried a stock of boots and shoes, notions, etc. This firm of Brodrick Bros. & Hazelton now do a business of $40,000 aimually. In 1872, on the 20th day of October, while in the Golden State, he married Miss Lavona L. White, a native of Middlebury, this county. She happened to be on a visit to her uncle, Charles S. White, who was at that time a partner of Mr. Hazelton in business in Cashville, California.

Williain C. Hendrichs was born in New Canaan, Conn., seven or eight miles from iNorwalk. He was the son of David and Sarah (Hoj^t) Hendricks. His great grandparents emigrated to this country from Holland, and doubtless spelled their name with the suffix ichs. His grandfather started on a return voyage to Holland, but was never heard from after he put to sea. When he was eight years of age the family moved to Addison county, Vt. ; from there he removed to Onondaga county, N. Y. The father was a carpenter and builder, and erected the first church in Porapey, JST. Y., in ISIS, a structure that still stands. Mr. Hendricks learned his father's trade, and studied architecture in New York city, and was employed in that metropolis nearly a year. He was married in the winter of 1S2S to Mrs. Lois Stevens, he then being 29 years of age. In process of time he engaged in the furniture trade in Pompey. Having land in Hancock county. 111., he in 1S39 visited that State, and stopped in St. Louis a while thereafter. At length he came to Elkhart county, Ind., and located on a tract of land in Jeflerson tp. His wife died about 30 years ago, and he was married a second time, to Emily Gould, of Pompey, N. Y., daughter of Col. Gould. Mr. Hendricks finally sold his farm and invested in Elkhart real estate, and has latterly resided in the city, busying himself in taking care of his property. One of Mr. Hendricks' step-sons, Dr. Chas. W. Stevens, is superintendent of the St. Louis Insane Asylum, and was a professor in a Missouri medical college. Richard F. Stevens, another step-son, is also a physician, and was once Collector of the port of New York.

Dr. John H. Henry was a pioneer physician of Elkhart. He was born in Urbana, Ohio, March 30, ISll. He was the son of David and Sarah (Pobinson) Henry. When he was three years old his parents removed to Sidney, and lived on a farm. Here the future doctor spent his years till he was 21, when he began to study medicine with Dr. Thomas, and eventually commenced practice at Lima, Ohio. Subsequently he removed to Poundhead, and continued practice there for five years. While residing at Poundhead he was married to Mrs. Zimmerman, who had 2 children by a former man-iage. They came to Elkhart in IS-tO, and he began practice here. Forty years ago Elkhart was a mer^ hamlet, and the Doctor was one of the first physicians in the place. His practice rapidly increased, so that he was obliged to ride night and day. This constantly subjected him to the act of getting in and alighting from his vehicle, which at last induced a disease of the kneejoints, by which the Doctor was made an invalid, and was obliged to take to his bed, where he remained 11 years and six months, when death came to his relief, which occurred on Sept. 2, 1872. His severe affliction attracted the attention of physicians far and near, many of whom visited him and made a study of his case. Being a strong Republican in politics, he took a profound interest in the Union cause at the outbreak of the rebellion, and his last eflfort before taking to his bed, where he was helplessly to remain so many long years, was io accompany the first company of Elkhart volunteers to the depot, preparatory to their departure for the front. Dr. Henry was a man of great energy of character, of sterling moral convictions, clearness of intellectual judgment, and a thorough student in his profession. Whenever a new subject was presented to his mind he investigated it thoroughly and conscientiously, and never allowed bigotry, prejudice or egotistic conceit to bias his mental decisions. He was a religious man, and a consistent member of the Methodist Church. His business ventures were successful, and he amassed a large property in houses and lands. Three of his sons and one daughter are now living. One is a physician in Chickasaw county, Iowa, and is a proficient in surgery.

M7's. Isabel Henry, surviving widow of Dr. Henry, was born in the year 1812. She was a native of Eoss county, Ohio. Her father, John Wallace, was a native of Ireland, and left Dublin for America when he was in his 20th year. He was a gentleman of education, taught school when a young man, and was engaged in the mercantile business in Ohio, finally taking up and improving a farm, on which he taught his boys to work. Her mother's name was Hannah (O'Connel) Wallace, a Southern lady. Mrs. Henry was first married in Koss county, Ohio, to James Zimmerman, by whom she had 2 children. He died when they had been married but three years. She afterward became the wife of Dr. Henry. She is a lady of remarkable character, and firm in her convictions of right and wrong. She is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and has been a life-long temperance advocate and defender. Her name has become historic as the leader of tlie Woman's Crusade in Elkhart in 1873. It was Mrs. Dr. Henry who led the famous prayer-meeting at a saloon on Harrison street, amidst a howling mob, where the heroic ladies maintained their ground till near raidnight, even after their leader, Mrs. Henry, had been knocked down by a missile hurled at her by one of the mob. The assailan t was prosecuted for the dastardly outrage, a fine of $500 was assessed against him, and he was sentenced to one year's imprisonment. The affair was published in the newspapers far and wide, and created a great sensation in Elkhart and throughout the West, but resulted in terminating the mob spirit in this city that had resulted from the anti-saloon crusade. Mrs. Henry is now residing in a comfortable dwelling on Pigeon street, waiting serenely for the summons that shall call her to meet her deceased husband on the golden shore.

Peltire Hill, President of the Excelsior Starch Works, Elkhart, was born in Kennebunk, York county. Me., Aug. 13, 1842. His parents were George and Mary (Lock) Hill. His father was a farmer, and till IS years of age he attended school and worked upon the farm, after which he went to Buffalo, N. Y., where he spent two years in various labor. He finally engaged employment in a starch mill, and remained in Bulfalo until 1870. While in that city he was foreman in Gilbert's famous starch works. When he first arrived in Elkhart he superintended the construction of a starch mill for A. L. Muzzy, afterward known as the Muzzy & Sage mill, and managed it for them till 1873. At the close of this period he joined his fortunes to the Excelsior Starch Company, becoming one of its members, and assisting to establish its business. He superintended the erection of the company's works, and put them in running order, and performed the function of superintendent thereafter. He was elected vice president of the company the second year of its existence, and president in 1880. He was married in 1870 to Miss Almira Hulbert, daughter of .James Hulbert, of Adrian, Mich. They have 2 children: Kuby and Charley. Mr. Hill is the practical man in manufacture at the Excelsior Works, and probably understands starch-making and the machinery for that purpose as well as any man in the West.

J osej>h Sollisvf us horn in Yermont June 17, 1829. His parents were Lyman and Elizabeth (Gardner) Hollis, the former a native of Massachusetts, and the latter of Vermont. Mr. Hollis was reared on a farm till he was 21, and educated in the common schools. In 1841 he went to Seneca county, Ohio, and in 1817 to La Porte, and followed carpentering there till 1859; then came to this county and pursued his former occupation. In 1871 he moved his family to Elkhart, where he now resides. Is at present the foreman of a company of bridge builders on the L. S. & M. S. R. H, !N"ov. 9, 1856, he was joined in marriage to OUie, daughter of Enos and Mary Eaton, and has had 2 children, both deceased, viz.: James S. and Mina P>. Mrs. Hollis was born July 17, 1836, in Seneca county', O., and is a member of the M. E. Church. Mr. Hollis is a member of the Masonic order, and is also a member of the City Council.

Ira G. H'ubbard was born in Oswego county, jSTew York, Feb. 21:, 1814, and is a son of Tliomas Hubbard. He was raised on a farm, and received a limited common-school education. He learned the cooper trade when young; came' to this county in 1812, and farmed until 1875, when he removed to Elkhart. 'March 20, 1839, he married Miss Catharine M. Sandhovel. She was born on the Mohawk river, Montgomery county. New York. Thej'had 2 children: Andrew P. (deceased) and Mary J. (now Mrs. John W. Fieldhouse, of Elkhart).

Justice James H. Hutchison was born Nov. 2, 1810, in Columbia county. Pa., and though he is now threescore and ten years of age, he is yet hale and hearty, and his countenance sheds the beam of youth upon all who behold it. He was the son of Andrew and Peggy (Irwin) Hutchison. His mother's father was killed in the Wyoming massacre, and the family scattered for refuge in the forest, the children being found, one after another, as they hovered under the friendly leaves like birds seeking protection from the relentless storm. Mr. Hntchison's father died when James was bnt three 3'ears of age. There were 3 sons and 2 daughters in the family. Of these Joseph was Postmaster of Sterling, 111., under James Buchanan, and John K. Hutchison became a Presbyterian clergyman, and died in Texas. Mr. Hutchison was kidnapped from his guardian, James Beyer, an Irishman of great wealth, by one Clark, who thus desired to spite Mr. Beyer for some alleged wrong. The boy was conveyed many miles away, and left with one Hurst, where he was for some time lost to his friends, and where he remained until he was 17 years of age. His guardian had begun a suit of habeas corpus against the kidnapper, the costs of which Mr. Hutchison was obliged to settle after he reached his majority. At the age of 17 he left Hurst, and apprenticed himself to a hatter. He remained with him four years, and afterward worked at the trade till it became unprofitable; then engaged in painting till he was so seriously poisoned that he was obliged to desist from that. Then he was clerk in a store for a while, and was thus engaged in Kendallville, Ind., when he began to preach, having received a license to exercise that function from a presiding elder of the M. E. Church. He held a protracted meeting at Kendallville, and a revival followed; a Church has grown up in that place as a consequence of his labors. In 1S5J: Mr. Hutchison joined the North Indiana Conference at Peru, having previously preached under the elder as a supply. He then began the career of a Methodist traveling preacher, which he continued for 20 years. During this time he was stationed at Orland, Angola, Leo, BluflFton, North Manchester, Columbus City, Lagrange, V/olcottville, and lastly Ligonier. After settling in Elkhart he was Marshal of the city for eiglit or nine months; was active in the work of suppressing the rough and gambling dens that too much abounded at that period. In 1S76 he was elected Justice of the Pe.ace, and was re-elected in 18S0 for another four years' terra. Mr. Hutchison was married the first time in 1832 to Miss Maria Musser, of Louisburg, Pa., and they had 10 children, 6 of whom are dead. The tirst wife having died, he was in 13.50 married again, to Lavina Heater, of Bucyrus, Ohio. She died in 1S54:, leaving 2 daughters. He was married a third time, to Miss Mary Kiblinger, and a son and daughter resulted from this union. Both these children reside at home. Esquire Hutchison is 70 years of age. but is still strong and vigorous. He has been a man of remarkable experience, and his life has been crowded with events that tried the endurance of his mind and body. He belongs to that massive and courageous t^'pe of pioneers that are fast passing away. When he was a boy he had his skull broken; he has had both legs fractured, and at the time of this writing he is recovering from a fracture caused by a fall; he has had many severe periods of sickness, but surmounting all, he is still a man of youthful appearance for his years. Since his residence in Elkhart Mr. Hutchison has procured a list of names of residents over 60, 70 and SO vears of aa-e. This he did to refute statements that had been made that Elkhart comity was an unhealthy locality. He found 11 persons over 80 years old, 50 over TO, and 112 over 60. These lists were published in an Elkhart paper, and caused much comment.

Austin D. Joy was born in Cass county, Mich., Sept. 30, 1853, and is a son of Nelson and Maria Joy, the former a native of JTew York, and the latter of Tennessee. Our subject received his education in Hillsdale College, Michigan. He came to Elkhart with his parents in 1862. His father was a prominent livery man of Elkhart, and died in 187-±. Austin then took charge of the business, which he has since conducted with the best of success. He carries a capital stock of S6,000, besides barns. He was married in 1S76 to Miss Irva E. Simonton, daughter of A. P. Siuionton, of this city, and one of the oldest settlers of the county. Mr. Joy is a member of the Knights of Honor, and of the Royal Arcanum.

D. 8. Kaliler was born in the town of Lancaster, Fa., Nov. 7, 1826, and is a son of Jonas and Sophia Kahler, also natives of Pennsylvania. He was reared and educated in his native town. He learned the cabinet-maker's trade, while yet a boy. He came to Canton, Ohio, in 1846, where, in 1851, he married Miss Catharine Sanders, a native of Stark county, Ohio, and a daughter of George Sanders. They have liad 3 children, 1 living, Ida. The deceased's names were Amanda and Pennie. Mr. Kahler removed to South Bend in 1853, and in 1867 he came to Elkhart, where he engaged in shipping fruit, potatoes, etc., for some time, and was ver}' successful. He then engaged in merchandising until 1878, when he retired from active lite, and now resides in Elkhart.

James Kavanarjh, of Kavanagh & Pollard, grocers, "Palace Store," Main street, was born in Wyoming county, JST. Y., May 26, 1842. He was the son of Charles and Ellen (Murphy) Kavanagh. His father was once in the boot and shoe trade in the city of Brooklyn, N. Y. The father died in 1S59, the mother still residing on the homes.tead farm in Wyoming county. James settled in Elkhart in April, 1872. He worked in a machine shop till 1877, when he engaged in the grocery business with A. V. Goodspeed, who was shortly after succeeded by John B. Pollard, and Kavanagh & Pollard have continued the business to the present time. The "Palace Store" is a landmark on Main street, and is a favorite resort of a long line of customers. Mr. Kavanagh has always been a strong temperance man, and was a candidate for the office of Treasurer at the first city election, but was defeated by the license party. At the nominating convention he received the unanimous vote, though be was opposed by several young men who had i-esidod in the city much longer than he. He was married Oct. 8, 1873, to Miss Maria Ordell Goodspeed, of Elkhart. They have 3 children: Charles H.. Ellen Maria and John M. Kavanagh.

Peter and Sophia, were also natives of ITew York. Geo. W. was reared on a farm. His advantages were very much limited. He was married in March, 1854, to Sarah l^eimand, and they have had i sons and 1 daughter: John, Robert (married to Miss Alice Row), William, a school-teacher, James and Catharine. Mr. Keely is a farmer by occupation, and owns a farm of 93 acres, worth SlOO an acre, with a cosy little residence.

Dr. A. F. Kelley was born in Massillon, Ohio, Jan. 8, 18i9. He was the son of James S. and Annie E. (Fan Stavoreu) Kelley. His father was a hardware merchant during the latter years of his life. In the early period of Massillon's history he was much in office, and was known by the familiar title of --Judge" Kelley. Dr. Kelley silent his boyhood and younger manhood in Massillon, and attended the public schools at that place. At the age of 17 he entered Kenyon College, and remained in that situation for some time. When he was 19 he began a course of study in Hobart College, Geneva, ITew York, and graduated at that institution in 1870. He began the study of medicine in the medical department of Wooster University. He passed one year at the Cleveland Marine Hospital as house phj^sician, after which he located in Massillon for the practice of medicine. His health having become impaired he came to Elkhart in 1873, and engaged in the drug business. He at first purchased Mr. Miller's interest in the firm of Hill & Miller, and continued with Mr. Hill three years, at the end of which C. H. Leonard bought Mr. Hill's interest, and the firm name has since been Kelley & Leonard. They conduct one of the leading drug stores of Elkhart county, the prescription business being a principal feature. Dr. Kelley is a member of the Episcopal Church, is a Mason, and belongs to the Knights of Honor.

IF. Kellogg, dealer in house-furnishing goods, Elkhart, was born in Ontario county, N. Y., in 1841. His father's name was Daniel H. Kellogg, and his mother's maiden name was Mary Ann ])^eal. His father was a farmer, and reared 3 children, 2 sons and 1 daughter, Joel being the eldest son. The family emigrated to Elkhart county. Ind.. when Joel was four years old, and settled on a farm in Cleveland township, four miles north of Elkhart. Mr. Kellogg spent his boyhood on his father's farm, obtaining an English education in the district schools. When of sufficient age he left the farm and engaged as clerk in a grocery store owned by H. H. Allen, Elkhart. After a lapse of time he engaged in the crockery and honse-furnishing line with E. A. Drake. At tlie end of 15 months he bought Mr. Drake's interest, and has continued the business on his individual account till the present. On July 12, 18S0. the St. Joseph Valley Building and Loan Company was organized, in which Mr. Kellogg took a leading part. He was elected Secretary of the association, and In that capacity opened the first subscription books, then proceeded to conduct the business of the company. He still holds the office of Secretary of the association, and is also a Director. He is a member of the order of

Chosen Friends, and is tlie Kecorder of the lodge in Elkhart, and a Director. Mr. Kellogg was married to Emma E. Jacobns in 1863. They have 3 children, Edwin P., Arthur F. and Elton F., all of whom are attending the public schools of Elkhart.

Edmund H. Kerstetter is a native of York tp., Elkhart county, and was born Oct. 23, 1840. His parents were Peter and Mary Kerstetter, who came to this county about 1S37. They removed to Goshen in 1841, where our subject was reared and partially educated. His collegiate education was received at the Hillsdale College, Michigan. He served three years in the late war, in the ITiJd Vol. Inf. He entered the service as Adjutant, with the rank of 1st Lieutenant, and after one year was promoted Assistant Adjutant-General_ with rank of Captain, which position he held until he resigned in 1864. He afterward served the people of Elkliart county as Sheriff for four years. He then, in 1871, came to Elkhart, and established the St. Joe Valley Bank, which he ran for six years, and then sold out. Fie was married in August, 1877, to Miss Alice M. Lee, by whom he has 1 child, Edgar L., born Nov. 12, 1878. Mr. Kerstetter is one of the founders of the Elkhart State Bank, which was established in April, 1 879, and is president of the same. The directors are: E. R. Kerstetter, T. F. Garvin, Mr. Strong, Rev. J. B. Fowler and E. P. Willard. T. F. Garvin, cashier; J. D. Wood, assistant cashier.

John S. Klnzy, of the grocery firm of Kinzy & Manchester, was born in Lancaster city. Pa.. Nov. 19, 1845. He was the son of Beneville and Elizabeth Kinzy. The familj^ removed to Stark county, 0.. in 1853, where they remained till John was of age. In 1861 the father and two sons enlisted in the 16th Ohio Regiment. The father was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, and died in eight days thereafter. Emmanuel, one of the sons, was taken prisoner in the same battle, and Isaac, the other son, took part in the same engagement. The latter, afterward being sick at Vicksburg during the siege of that place, was brought home, and died soon after. At 21 Mr. Kinzy engaged in carpentering and undertaking, and followed that occupation 10 years in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, when his health failed. He arrived in Elkhart in 1868, and in 1870 went to Crawford county. 111. Returning to Elkhart in 1873, he followed his trade till 1875, when he took a new departure and became a clerk in a carpet and paper store carried on by A. C. Post. He opened a grocery store in October of the same year, E. K. Boyer being his partner. Mr. Kinzy finally sold Jiis interest to M. L. Stevenson and went to Chicago, where for some time he was in the meat market business on State street. A winter's experience persuaded him that he could do better in Elkhart, and he returned to this cit}' in 1879, and engaged in the grocery trade on Feb. 14, since which time he has continued in the same line. Mr. Kinzy was elected a member of the Common Council in 1874, and was the first Councilman froiTi the fifth ward, and served one term. He is a member of the Evantrelical Association. He was married in

John Krau was boi'n in Germany Dec. 25. 1827. His father was abutclier, and he earl}' learned tliat trade; but this did not suit his taste at that time, and he tliei'efore learned to manufacture paper, and traveled over Germany, France and Italy, working at his trade in various places until 1855, when he came" to America. He got as far as Detroit, and there sold his watch and some of his clothes to procure money to complete his journey to South Bend, where he remained eight months and worked as a common laborer. He then went to Three Rivers, Mich., and worked as engineer in a paper-mill for 18 months. He also worked at the same business in Illinois,. Milwaukee and Beloit, Wis. He remained at the last named place in charge of the engine at the paper-mill for four and a half years. He then, in 1862, removed to Goshen, where he remained but six months, when in the autumn of the same year he came to Elkhart and engaged in the butchering business, which he carried on with success until 1866, when he went to Michigan and engaged in the real-estate business for two years. He then returned to Elkhart, and re-established a meat market, which he still owns, and has a large trade. He started with nothing, and now is considered one of the wealthy citizens of Elkhart. He was married in 1857, to Miss Christina Dick, and of their 7 children 4 are living, viz.: Johnnie, Willy, Charlie and Georgie. Mr. and Mrs. Krau are M'orthy members of the Lutheran Church.

Henry J. Kremer, grocer, 151 Main street, was born in Snyder county. Pa., Dec. 25, 1849. He was the son of Beneville and Elizabeth ( Plasser )Kremer. They resided on a farm where Henry spent his boyhood. Besides his common schooling he attended two terms in the Labanon Valley Seminary. At the age of 20 he came to Elkhart county, and remaining a year he returned to Pennsylvania and was married to Miss Elizabeth Luse, by whom he has 4 children, whose names are Elmer Eugene, Charles Clarence, IS^ellie Maud and Carrie.- He returned from the West for the second time in 1872, and was employed in a planing mill for three months, after which he engaged as clerk in a grocery store, which he followed for two years and a half. He then worked for the railroad company for six months, and in 1877 he ventured in the grocery trade on his own account, and has continued the business with success ever since. He is a member of the Evangelical Church and a Sunday-school Superintendent. He at present is a member of the Elkhart City Council from the fifth ward, is serving the second term in that capacity. This year he is a member of the Committee on Ordinances. He took an active part in the contest concerning the water-works, and strenuously opposed the projected scheme on account of the insufficient nature of the contract offered by the railroad company.

15, 1S39, and is a son of John and Mary Ley. In 1S52 he went to Monroe county, Mich.; he learned the blacksn:iith"s ti-ade at Whiteford, that county, and in 1S62 -went to Adrian and eng-aged in boilermaking for the L. S. & M. S. K. K. Co. He continued at this till 1S63, then shoved off to Nashville, Tenn., and pursued the same craft in the employ of the Government till the close of the war, then returned to Adrian. Mich., and resumed the same vocation. In 1S71 he removed to Elkhart and followed the same business for the same company. In 1873 he was appointed foreman of the boiler department, which charge he still retains. He was married Oct. 2i, 1S66, to Miss Ann E. Downing, a native of Liverpool, England. She was born April 16, 1841, and in 1852 came to America with her parents, James and Jane Downing. They have had 2 children, viz.; Minnie J. and Starr D. Mr. Ley is a Sir Knight of the Masonic order. He has taken 13 degrees, and was a participant in the Sir Knights' Triennial Conclave at Chicago, Aug. 26. 1880. Mrs. L. is a member of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Ley's grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionar}' war.

John Linderman, son of Christian Linderman, was born in Elkhart county in July, IS - . His father came from Germany about 50 years ago, and is now 80 years of age, and still living in Baugo tp. John remained on his father's farm till he was past 20, when he began to learn the blacksmith's trade in Elkhart, his employers being Landin & YanSickle. After three years he began business for himself on Main street. About this time he was married to " Miss Harriet Melissa Dodge, daughter of J. C. Dodge, Elkhart. Mr. Linderman has conducted the blacksmith and carriage-making business almost constantly since he first opened a shop for himself. He is located nearly opposite the Eagle Knitting Works, High street. He is a member of the Odd Fellows' order, and belongs to the Encampment.

JSaman Little, of the firm of Little & Forward, iron founders, Elkhart, was born in Orleans county, Vt., where he remained till he was 16 years of age. He was the son of James and Rosetta (Knight) Little. His father was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and was captured by the British, but was released by the renowned Ethan Allen. Mr. Little had a dubious experience when he was a boy, and early learned that the world has a cold and unfriendly side. Thr.own on his own resources when a mere lad, he drifted about Vermont, and through uncharitable and harsh treatment accniired a profound dislike for the people of his native State. When lie was 16 years of age he resolved to go West, and started with but 50 cents in his pocket. He first went to Whitehall, and took the tow-path of the Champlain canal for Troy. As he was trudging along he was hailed by a boatman on a passing canal packet, who asked him to Vide. He replied that he had no money. The boatman told him to come aboard, and he did so, and was treated in a generous manner all the way to Troy. Mr. Little said this boatman was the first Christian he had found in his life.

S42 History Of Elkhart County

Reaching Albany he started along the tow-path of the Erie canal, and soon hired out as a teamster for $10 a month. Thus he worked his passage to Buffalo, and had money left when he arrived. From Bnifalo he took steamer for Detroit, Mich., and eventually reached Marshall, where the first job he secured was one of husking corn. He finally found employment in a foundry, and remained in Marshall a year, when he went to Detroit. Once in his Michigan experience he made a trip from Detroit to Ann Arbor with bare feet, a distance of 40 miles, which lie walked in one day. He was a youth of rare pluck and endurance, and feared nothing so much as his whilom persecutors in Vermont. He woiild encounter anything in the Western vvilds rather than go back to them. In 1843 he went to Misliawaka, Ind., whei'e he was employed in a foundry. Afterward he went to Soutli Bend, where he remained eight years, and then spent some time in Mishawaka again. At both these places he was employed in the foundry business. In 1864 lie settled in Elkhart, entering a foundry. He bought an interest in a foundry, and continued to develop the enterprise until the large iron works of Little & Forward were established. This foundry is the only industry of the kind, with the exception of the railroad shops, in the cit^' of Elkhart. Mr. Little is eminently a self-made man, having had next to no early schooling, and making every step of his way over great difficulties and against disheartening odds.