Vincennes Township (part 12 of 14)

The subject of this review was educated in the district schools and after arriving at eighteen years of age continued his studies further in the schools at Sandborn and for two terms at Bloomington, Indiana. He began his active career as a teacher and for eleven terms had charge of schools in Vigo and Widner townships. He then identified himself with the farming interests, conducting a farm in Widner township for a number of years, and then bought seventy-five acres in Vigo township, which he now owns. He is also the owner of one hundred and sixty acres of land in Jackson county, Texas, and has so managed his business as to produce a goodly income upon his investments. Five years ago he built a handsome residence in Bicknell, where he has since lived, and he also owns four lots and two other houses and barns in the town.

On April 27, 1892, Mr. De Lay was happily united in marriage to Miss Anna J. Edmonds, a daughter of Rev. L. R. and Sarelda Edmonds, the former of whom was born in New Albany, Floyd county, Indiana. His father, John P. Edmonds, was a Methodist minister and also a teacher, as was his wife, the grandmother of Mrs. De Lay. Rev. L. R. Edmonds is a local preacher of the Methodist church and is well known and in high favor among the people of Sullivan county. Seven children came to brighten the household of Mr. and Mrs. Edmonds : Anna J., now Mrs. De Lay ; Lizzie N., now the wife of Dr. Edwards, of Terre Haute, Indiana ; Stella Logan, the wife of Wesley Enochs, of Sullivan county; Hattie Isabelle, of Terre Haute, now a widow ; Pearl, the wife of Dr. Corbin, of Sullivan county ; Carrie, the wife of Dr. W. F. Sheppard. of Bicknell ; and William B., a lawyer of Terre Haute. Of the seven children of Mr. and Mrs. Edmonds named above four became teachers and two daughters also taught music. The son taught school several terms previous to taking up the study of law. The wife of our subject was bom in Greene county, February 16, 1861, and after receiving her preliminary education in the country schools became a student of the State Normal School, from which she was graduated in 1889. She began teaching at seventeen years of age and continued in charge of schools in Greene and Sullivan counties for thirteen years, her last school being at Bloomfield. In this work she was highly successful and gained an enviable reputation wherever she was known. One child, Harriette Alae, born November 24. 1893, and now a senior in the high school, has blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. De Lay.

Mr. De Lay is a stanch believer in the principles of the republican party as those best adapted to promote the prosperity of the country. Socially he is identified with the Tribe of Ben Hur and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. His wife is a member of the Rebekahs and the Tribe of Ben Hur. The entire family are active members of the Methodist church and efficient workers in every cause that seeks to advance the permanent interest of those with whom they are associated.

Charles F. Bicknell

A native of \'igo township, Charles F. Bicknell was born December 27, 1857. He has spent his entire life in this locality and represents the third generation of a family whose name is inseparably identified with Knox county. As a representative of the farming interests, Mr. Bicknell by his thrift and unimpeachable character is justly entitled to the high esteem accorded to those who try to do their duty not only to their associates but to the community where they live. He is the son of Josephus and Mary Jane (Hooper) Bicknell. The father was born in Vigo township and lived there all his life on the same tract of land, becoming a substantial citizen. He was a member of the Baptist church and a liberal contributor toward its support, and politically he was a faithful adherent of the republican party. He was one of a family of twelve children, four sons and eight daughters ; all have now passed away, however, except Austin. David gave up his life for his country at the time of the Civil war. Grandfather Mumford was one of the old-time citizens of Knox county and the mother of our subject was also a native of this county and here spent her life, being called to her reward in 1872. There were six children in the family of Josephus and ]\Iary Jane Bicknell : Charles F., our subject ; Whit, a carpenter, of Bicknell ; Lewis, of Vigo township ; Fanny, the wife of Charles Wallace; Seward and Elmer, both deceased.

Charles F. Bicknell was educated in the common schools and remained on the home farm two years after laying his books aside. He then bought the place where he has lived for nearly thirty-five years, engaging in general farming with a measure of success that indicates sound judgment and a thorough knowledge of his business. He has made many valuable im- provements, among which may be named a handsome and commodious residence, a large and well arranged barn and outbuildings, fences and other essentials to a modern farming establishment. His place comprises one hundred and twenty-three acres and there is no waste land in the tract. Among other interests with which he is identified is the Bicknell Building & Loan Association, of which he is a stockholder.

In 1886 Mr. Bicknell was happily united in marriage to Miss Gertrude Teague, a resident of Bicknell, and six children have blessed the union, two of whom died in infancy. Chester and Maud are also deceased and Ara and Richard are at home.

Mr. Bicknell is a supporter of the republican party and although he has not sought political honors, he served with general acceptance as road commissioner. He and his wife are both members of the Baptist church, in which he has held office, his wife being at the present time clerk of the local branch of the church. Both Mr. and Mrs. Bicknell are active and intelligent workers in the promotion of the best interests of the region with which they have been for many years prominently connected.

Robert R. Reeve

For twenty years identified with the business interests of Edwardsport, Robert R. Reeve is recognized as one of the progressive men of Knox county whose word is as good as his bond. He was born in Edwardsport, February 4, 1869, and is a son of David I. and Harriet C. (Lemen) Reeve. The father was a native of Daviess county, Indiana, and came to Knox county in his boyhood, living in Edwardsport until his death, which occurred in 1888, with the exception of three years which he spent in Indianapolis. He was a mechanic and followed wagon making and painting. The grandfather on the paternal side was a native of Pennsylvania, of Dutch descent. The mother was born in Bruceville, Knox county, and there she departed this life in 1908. Eight children blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Reeve: Charles H., a painter, of Edwardsport; J. L., a practicing physician of Edwardsport; Mary E., the wife of Joseph Ferry, of Linton, Indiana; Martha B., deceased; Samuel M., a hardware merchant of Edwardsport; George E., chief of the fire department of Washington, Indiana; Robert R., our subject; and Lillie M., the wife of Herman Miller, a farmer, living near Bicknell, Indiana.

The subject of this review was educated in the public schools of Edwardsport and after laying aside his books became connected with a harness-making establishment with which he continued for five years. He then entered a general store as clerk and after an experience of eight months became identified with the drug business under Jacob Scudder. In this line he has since continued with gratifying success, also handling fire and life insurance and real estate. He was the organizer of the Edwardsport Bank and for fifteen months acted as its cashier, showing an ability that met the hearty approval of directors and depositors. He has also acted as trustee in the settlement of several large estates.

Politically Mr. Reeve is an upholder of the principles of the democratic party, although he has never sought for political honors. Socially he is a valued member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the encampment and has filled all of the chairs in the latter organization. He also holds membership in the Rebekahs and is scribe of the local lodge of the Tribe of Ben Hur. He devotes his attention closely to his business affairs, using a discernment that has enabled him to receive liberal returns upon his investment. It will be readily understood that he has many friends in Knox county, whom he has attracted by his genial qualities of mind and heart, which are so important in forming character and in making life a success.

Milton Wampler

Milton Wampler, a native of \'igo township, Knox county, was born March 31, 1857, and is a successful farmer, who by wise application of industry and perseverance has gained high standing in this county. He is a son of Joel and Amanda J. (Davison) Wampler, both natives of Wythe county, Virginia. The father came to Indiana and settled at Fort Knox, in Knox county, later coming to Vigo township. He was a highly successful farmer and was well known in the county, serving as county commissioner for one term. Politically he was an adherent of the democratic party. Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Wampler, two of whom died in infancy, but the other members of the family are Mary A., now the widow of I. F. Byers : George R., a farmer of Vigo township ; James Mitchel, of Vincennes ; Theodore, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work ; and David and Milton, both farmers of Vigo township.

Educated in the district schools, Milton Wampler grew up as a farmer boy under the kindly protection of a genial home. He early showed an inclination toward agricultural pursuits, but before settling down in this county he went west, where he spent two years and gained a great deal of valuable information by contact with strangers. Returning home, he began farming upon his own account and acquired ownership of one hundred and ten acres of good land, upon which he has made many improvements and cleared twenty-five acres, which was formerly occupied by a forest. He is recognized by his neighbors as one of the thoroughly equipped and upto-date men of the township, who generally accomplishes anything that he undertakes.

Myrtle, the wife of Edward Blackwell, of Bicknell; Winfield, a farmer of Vigo township ; Fletcher, of Bicknell ; Stanley, also of Bicknell ; Arley, deceased; Effie, Goldie and Ralph, all at home; Armeda, deceased; and Walter, at home.

Mr. Wampler is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and socially is connected with the Masonic lodge at Bicknell. Politically he is allied with the democratic party. He has never sought for official honors, as his attention has been devoted to his farm and to a large family, whose training and education have required his best thoughts. Faithfully has he discharged his various duties and no man stands higher in the estimation of thinking people of the community than the worthy gentleman whose name stands at the head of this sketch.

There is probably no more popular citizen in Wheatland, than the one whose name stands at the head of this review. A native of Knox county, he has here spent nearly his entire life and in countless ways has proven his interest in the community with which he has been long and closely identified. He was born September 8, 1854, and is a son of Richard and Frances (Stevenson) Robinson, the former of whom was born in Knox county October 16, 1824, and departed this life at the age of sixty-four years, February 13, 1888. The father was educated in the subscription schools of this county and became one of its most successful farmers, being the owner at the time of his death of fourteen hundred acres of land. He was a man of unusually good judgment in business affairs and while he did not seek public office he served in a number of minor positions in his township. He was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and a stanch supporter of the Scotch Presbyterian church. Mrs. Robinson was a native of this county, a daughter of John and Sarah Stevenson, who came from County Tyrone, Ireland, and located in Knox county, where Mr. Stevenson attained an honorable standing as a citizen and as an agriculturist.

Dr. Robinson received his preliminary education in the subscription schools and later attended the State Normal School and Cecilian College, at Cecilian, Kentucky. Having prepared for the medical profession, he began practice at Wheatland in 1885 and has since continued uninterruptedly, gaining the recognition of the people in an uncommon degree. Dr. Robinson is a studious and painstaking practitioner and has suffered nothing to distract his attention from a profession to which he has devoted the best energies of his life. Besides being one of the oldest practicing physicians in this part of the county, he is known as one of the most skillful and successful. He is the owner of a farm of forty-five acres in this county and of his home and office in Wheatland. He is also a stockholder and director of the Farmers & Merchants Bank of Wheatland.

In 1895 Dr. Robinson was united in marriage to Miss Alice J. McGarrah, a daughter of James H. McGarrah, of Gibson county, and one child has blessed this union, Lois Elizabeth, now living at home.

The Doctor accepts the principles of the democratic party as those best adapted to the perpetuity of a free government. He holds membership in the Presbyterian church and socially is identified with the Alasonic fraternity, being a member of the blue lodge, chapter and commandery at Vincennes, and of Murat Temple, N. M. S., at Indianapolis. He also holds membership in the Order of Ben Hur and the Royal Arcanum. The home of Dr. and Mrs. Robinson is one of the favorite gathering places for friends and acquaintances and here they are always assured of generous hospitality. The Doctor is a man of extensive reading, a fine conversationalist and a friend to every worthy movement for upbuilding the community. He is justly esteemed as a leader not only in Wheatland but throughout a wide section of Knox countv.

Dr. Lewellen Byron Staley, a leading practitioner of Knox county, whose home for thirty years past has been at Bicknell, was born in Paris, Edgar county, Illinois, December 8, 1844, and is a son of Emanuel and Caroline (Norton) Staley. The father was born in Wythe county, Virginia. He lived for a short time in Ohio and when about fifteen years of age came to Illinois where he continued until his death, which occurred in 1894. He was a successful farmer. Politically he was allied with the democratic party until the time of Buchanan's administration when he became a stanch republican. He was a member of the old know nothing party and a great lover of his country. Grandfather Jacob Staley was of German parentage and participated as a soldier in the war of 181 2. The mother of our subject was a native of Ohio. She came to Illinois with her parents and was married in this state, being called away in 1896. There were ten children in the family of Mr. and Mrs. Staley: Sarah, deceased; Oliver, a farmer of Edgar county; Aaron, also a farmer of Edgar county; Lewellen Byron, our subject; Manuel, a farmer of Edgar county; Susan, the wife of Dr. T. H. Brown, of Sandford, Indiana; Mary, the wife of Caleb St. Claire, a machinist, of Terre Haute, Indiana ; Florence, of Terre Haute ; Laura, the wife of Edward Amroe, a machinist, of Terre Haute; and William, deceased at the age of sixteen months.

Dr. Staley attended the district schools and grew up on the home farm under the kindly influences of a loving father and mother. At eighteen years of age, in June, 1862, the Civil war then attracting the attention of the entire country, he enlisted for a period of three years. He was a bright young soldier and several times was offered opportunities of advancement.

but he refused them all, preferring to carry a gun. He participated in many of the important battles of the war, receiving a wound in the forearm at the battle of Chickamauga and a wound in the leg while engaged in the battle of Franklin, Tennessee. From both of these injuries he fully recovered. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Chickamauga and conveyed with his comrades to Belle Isle, where they were confined for four and one-half months, being then removed to Libby Prison, where he was incarcerated for an equal length of time. After his release he rejoined his regiment, continuing in the service until he was honorably discharged. During the war he participated in twenty-seven battles and at all times performed his duty in behalf of the cause in which he was profoundly interested. After his return home, having decided upon a professional career, he attended Westfield Seminary and later he took a course of lectures at the School of Physicians and Surgeons at Indianapolis and attended the Cincinnati School of Medicine and Surgery, at Cincinnati. In 1890, 1891 and 1893 he pursued post graduate studies in Chicago. He received his M. D. degree from the Cincinnati College of Medicine & Surgery in 1881, but practiced for seven years while an undergraduate at Pleasantville, Indiana, coming to Bicknell about 1882, where he has ever since actively engaged in the duties of his profession. He has specialized in gynecology and has made a record of over six thousand births which he has attended. In his special line of work he is regarded as an authority by his brethren of Knox county and his practice extends over a large territory in western Indiana where he is known as one of its most reliable physicians, being now the senior member of the firm of Drs. Staley, Reese & Staley. Financially he has been highly successful and is the owner of sixteen houses and lots in Bicknell.

In 1867 Dr. Staley was united in marriage to Miss Catherine Hicklin and three children resulted from the union : Mary, deceased ; and Dora and Nora, twins, the former the widow of David Quails, of Terre Haute, and the latter the wife of Edward Calendar, a railway express messenger of Indianapolis. Mrs. Staley having departed this life in 1880. the subject of this review was married in 1881 to Mrs. Martha Robertson, the widow of Thomas Robertson and the mother of one son, Thomas. This son studied medicine and was the second member of the firm of Drs. Staley & Staley from 1903 to 1910, at which time Dr. Reese was taken in as third member the firm name being changed to Staley, Reese & Staley. By his second marriage Dr. Staley became the father of a daughter, Anna May, the wife of Dr. Forrest Reese, junior member of the firm.

Dr. Staley served as special pension examiner for the United States government and is president of the county board. He was formerly a member of the Sullivan County Medical Soc'ety and now holds membership in the State Medical Society, the White River Valley Medical Society, the Knox County Medical Society and the Bicknell Medical Society. He served for a number of years as president of the Knox County Medical

Society and is now senior censor of that organization. He was also for several years president of the Bicknell Medical Society and has many warm friends among his professional brethren. Socially he is one of the most popular men in this part of the state, always willing to assist in forwarding any enterprise that tends toward the betterment of the community. He holds membership in the A. F. & A. M., being connected with the blue lodge and chapter, and is also identified with the Tribe of Ben Hur, of Bicknell. He has passed through the chairs in most of these organizations and for twenty years was an active worker of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows but was obliged to give up this order on account of the pressure of professional duties.

Energetic, prompt and reliable in everything he undertakes. Dr. Staley has attained a deserved success in his profession and also as a business man. Some men are born with one talent, but the subject of this review has in an eminent degree succeeded in everything to which he has devoted his attention, being the possessor of innate abilities that have proven superior to all ordinary obstacles. He clearly belongs to that class of men whom to know is to esteem and honor.

Fred Wagner

Fred Wagner, now living partly retired at Westphalia, Knox county, and recognized as one of its stanch and reliable citizens, was born in Vigo township, this county, September i6, 1853. He is the son of Antoine and Mary Wagner. The father was a native of Germany and when he attained years of manhood, being of an ambitious and progressive mind, he decided that he would seek his fortune under the favoring auspices of the stars and stripes. He accordingly came to America and selected Knox county as his home, beginning as a farmer, but later entering the general mercantile business in which he was engaged successfully for twenty years. The mother was also a native of Germany. She was a woman of many estimable qualities of mind and heart and departed this life in 1868. There were six children in the family, of whom the subject of this review was the eldest, and one of whom died in infancy. John, William and Mary are deceased and Lottie is now living in Westphalia.

The subject of this review was educated in the common schools of Westphalia, where he studied both the German and English languages and received a very good training for business life. He began his active career in the grain business and later also became a dealer in live stock, continuing with marked success in both lines for thirty years. He gained an established reputation as a man of reliability and clear judgment and those with whom he dealt have always been among his best friends. He is now practically retired and is the owner of a farm of eighty acres, a comfortable

In March, 1886, Mr. Wagner was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Renner and three children, Nellie, Mary and Adam, have blessed the union, all of whom are living at home. Politically Mr. Wagner is identified with the democratic party and although he has never sought public office, he served with great acceptance to the people as road boss for fifteen years. He is a valued member of the German Lutheran church and the success which he has attained in life he owes mainly to his own undaunted perseverance and laudable ambition. He has found in his wife a congenial and loving companion whose advice has assisted him in times of emergency. They are now resting from the burdens of life in a pleasant home, surrounded by their children and possessing all the comforts that may be desired. Such are the rewards of well directed industry.

Lawrence Roeder

Lawrence Roeder, a leading business man of Sandborn, and well known in Knox county, comes of stanch Teutonic ancestry. He was bom in Bavaria, Germany, March 4, 1869, and is a son of John and Margaretha (Sommer) Roeder. The father served for ten years with high credit in the German army, participating in the war with Austria, in 1866, and in the Franco-German war in 1 870-1 871. He became a lieutenant and also acted as bugler in the war with France. On account of distinguished services in behalf of his country, he was awarded the medal of the iron cross - an honor very highly esteemed by the valiant soldiers of Germany. After retiring from active military service, John Roeder became an officer of the government and was identified with the postoffice department for a number of years. He was called away January 2, 1906. There were ten children born to the family of Mr. and Mrs. Roeder, only two of whom are now living: Lawrence, our subject; and Carl, a barber, of Baltimore, Maryland.

Educated in the public schools of his native land, the subject of this review early gained a thorough training in the principles which are so important as a foundation for further intellectual advancement in after life. The habits of reading and study which he acquired as a boy have been carefully cultivated and he is today a man of unusual literary ability. He also possessed in his youth a laudable desire to make the best of his opportunities and at fourteen years of age he bade farewell to familiar faces and scenes and started for America, landing in Baltimore, October 17, 1883. Traveling westward, he stopped at Indianapolis, where he remained for eleven years working at the tailor's trade. In 1894, still seeking to improve his financial condition, he came to Sandborn where he worked for six months under H. L. Renner. Having looked over the field and decided to cast his fortunes permanently with this community, he bought out the business of Wiley McGinnis, the firm name becoming Begeman & Roeder. After seven years, having in the meantime prospered handsomely, he purchased the general merchandise stock of William Van Meter, the firm becoming Roeder & Ledgerwood. Two years later Mr. Ledgerwood retired and Mr. Roeder took into partnership Peter Hill, the title of the firm becoming Roeder & Company, which still continues. The company owns a handsome store building twenty-two by eighty-eight feet in foundation area, with two rooms, and thoroughly adapted to meet the requirements of an increasing patronage. Mr. Roeder is now at the head of the largest merchandise business in Sandborn, the receipts of which now range from forty to fifty thusand dollars per year. It is evident that many of the fondest dreams of the German boy who landed under the stars and stripes to seek liis fortune among strangers have been realized.

On the 15th of October, 1893, Mr. Roeder was united in marriage to Miss Clara M. Begeman, a daughter of August A. Begeman, a prominent farmer of Vigo township, this county. One child has blessed the home. Ruby R., now a student in the sophomore class of the high school. Mr. Roeder and his family are identified with the Methodist church in which they are active workers, and he is a member of the Tribe of Ben Hur, with which his wife is also connected. He holds membership in the blue lodge and chapter of the Masonic fraternity, the former of Sandborn and the latter of Bicknell. The esteem in which he is held by his brethren is indicated by the fact that he has passed through all the chairs of the blue lodge, and it may also be stated that for sixteen years past he has filled the office of scribe in the local Ben Hur lodge, is secretary of the Knights of the Maccabees and a member of the Modern Woodmen of America. Mr. Roeder has always taken a vital interest in educational affairs and is at present serving as president of the school board. In all the relations of life he has shown an ability and fidelity that have won him the confidence and respect nf the entire community.

Rev. Meinrad Fleischmann

Possessing the sterling qualities of a race ever noted for fearlessness and loyalty, Meinrad Fleischmann, a native of Lachen, Switzerland, elected to devote his life to the priesthood and since his ordination on the 21st of June, 1867, has labored earnestly, conscientiously and effectively for the upbuilding of the cause in which he so firmly believes. In 1897 he received appointment to St. John's church in Vincennes.

family, who settled first at Louisville, Kentucky, but afterward removed to Spencer county, Indiana. He died in March, 1877, at Brookville, Franklin county, and his wife passed away in September, 1876, the remains of both being interred in Brookville.

Father Fleischmann, of this review, pursued his preparation for the priesthood at St. Meinrad's College in Spencer county and took holy orders on the 2ist of June, 1867, at St. Meinrad's, the ordination services being conducted by Bishop De Saint Palais. For a short time he was assistant priest at New Albany, Indiana, and on the 8th of December, 1868, was appointed to the pastorate of St. Michael's church of Brookville, Indiana. His brother Joseph, who died in Vincennes on the 6th of April, 1910, was his assistant in Brookville from 1874 until 1885.

Rev. Meinrad Fleischmann received appointment to St. John's church in Vincennes in 1897 and has since occupied that position in which he has been very active in promoting the work of the church in many departments, has made various improvements and has interested himself not only in the affairs of the parish but in affairs of general importance relative to the upbuilding and progress of the city. He is a cultured gentleman, popular with all creeds and particularly beloved by his own people.

Samuel T. Reeve

Samuel T. Reeve, an esteemed citizen of Edwardsport, was born near Brownstown, Jackson county, Indiana, November 13, 1831, and has now passed the seventy-ninth milestone of his life. He is a son of Joseph and Sarah (Ireland) Reeve. The grandfather, also named Joseph Reeve, was of Welsh extraction. He was a sea captain and was waylaid and killed for his money within a short distance of his home in Philadelphia while returning from a voyage. The robbers left Captain Reeve's compass which was handed down in the family for many years as a precious heirloom. After the death of her husband Grandmother Reeve came to Ohio and later to Jackson county, Indiana. The father of our subject was born in Philadelphia in 1808. He was a farmer and lived in Ohio and at various points in Indiana, finally settling at Edwardsport in 1865, where he continued until his death, which occurred January 31, 1887. Politically he was a supporter of the democratic party until the war, but from that time he was an ardent republican and was always proud of the fact that he voted for General Grant for president of the United States. He was a firm believer in the Bible and for many years was an active worker in the Missionary Baptist church. The mother of our subject was born near Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1810, and died February 3, 1863. There were eleven children in the family, six of whom grew to maturity: Samuel T., our subject; David, Louisa, Elizabeth, Sarah and Lydia, all of whom are deceased. Joseph Reeve, the father, was a second time married, the lady of his choice being Miss Elizabeth Ireland, and of this union one child was born, Florence, the wife of Alexander Boyer, of Edwardsport.

Educated in the public schools, Samuel T. Reeve early became connected with farming interests and continued in this work without interruption until July 15, 1862, when he enlisted in Company C. Eightieth Indiana Regiment, to fight for the Union. He participated in the battles of Perryville, Resaca, Atlanta, Franklin and Nashville, and in many minor engagements of the Army of the West, performing his duties in such a way as to meet the warmest approval of the officers of his company. In September, 1863, he was commissioned duty sergeant and later was made orderly sergeant. During the Atlanta campaign, the weather being extremely hot, he suffered from sunstroke, and his health has ever since been affected by this cause. On June 6, 1865, he was honorably discharged at Camp Dennison, Ohio, and, returning home, he began farming, but on account of his affliction he was obliged to give up that occupation and, settling in Edwardsport, he began business in March, 1867, as a cabinet-maker and undertaker with Ewald Villwock and in 1877 he became sole proprietor of the establishment in which he has ever since continued, being now one of the oldest business men in Knox county. He handles a large and select stock of furniture and house fixtures and has attained deserved success in his calling.

On the 29th day of October, 1854, Mr. Reeve was united in marriage to Miss Hulda Hargis, a daughter of William and Elizabeth Hargis, of Edwardsport. Three children were born of this union: William S., now in the rug machine business at Indianapolis ; Effie H., the wife of Charles Sensabaugh, of Bartow, Florida; and Joseph L., deceased. Mrs. Reeve having departed this life June 4, 1877, our subject was again married February 29, 1879, to Miss Anna Worth Johnson, a daughter of Jacob and Matilda Johnson. She was bom in Illinois in December, 1848. Nine children have come to brighten the household of Mr. and Mrs. Reeve : Isaac and Alberta, deceased ; Hulda, the wife of Charles Cochran, who is associated in business with the subject of this review; Louisa, the wife of Albert Mabes, who is in the hardware business at Edwardsport; Birdie, the wife of Ernest Killion, a banker, of Plainville, Indiana; Samuel T., Jr., of Edwardsport; David F., also of Edwardsport; Glenn and Maude R., at home.

Mr. Reeve and his family make their home in one of the most commodious residences in Edwardsport. He also owns sixteen lots in the town and fifteen acres adjoining and is the owner of the building in which his business is carried on. He is an active member of the Grand Army of the Republic and also of the Baptist Missionary church, to which the entire family belongs. His sons hold membership in the Masonic order and his daughters and Mrs. Reeve are members of the order of the Eastern Star. Mr. Reeve has never sought public office, but he served for eight years as trustee of the township, declining at the end of that time to accept the position any longer. He has all his life been active and energetic and has at- tained the success in his business affairs to which he is entitled on account of the excellent judgment herein displayed. No less successful has he been as the head of a large family and he possesses in an eminent degree the love of his children and the respect of all with whom he is associated.

Charles A. Phillippe

The name Phillippe is well known in Knox county and no member of the family has attracted in a higher degree the respect of his fellowmen than Charles A. Phillippe, an active business man of Bicknell. He was born near Bicknell, on the 29th of January, 1871, and is a son of John and Catherine (Thompson) Phillippe. The father is also a native of Knox county and a son of Peter and Mary (Fox) Phillippe, the former of whom was born in Wythe county, Virginia. John Phillippe is now living retired near Bicknell, the faithful wife and mother having been called to her reward in 1897. There were six children in the family: Adam, now living on a farm near Vincennes ; Charles A., our subject; Edgar, in the furniture and undertaking business at Bicknell ; Maude, the wife of Dal Vaught, living on the home place ; Robert, a farmer of Knox county ; and James C, a record of whom appears elsewhere in this work.

Charles A. Phillippe received his early education in the public schools, later attending the State Normal School and the old university at Vincennes. He also spent two years at the Indiana university in Bloomington. He taught school for seven years, being superintendent of the Bicknell schools for three years, but ten years ago retired from that vocation and entered the grain business at Bicknell, now owning a mammoth elevator and auxiliary buildings in central Bicknell, surrounded by four lots. He has attained great success in his business and is one of the most extensive grain dealers in Knox county. He is also identified with the farming interests and is one-half owner in two hundred and twenty-five acres of land near Bicknell and the sole owner of fifty acres adjoining the corporation. He has assisted greatly in promoting the growth of the town, laying out the Ball Park addition, and is the owner of half interest in fifty lots in that tract.

In 1907 Mr. Phillippe was united in marriage to Miss Frances Adelia Scudder, who is a daughter of Jacob Scudder, of Edwardsport, this county, and is one of the estimable ladies of Bicknell, always assisting to the extent of her ability in forwarding every worthy movement. Mr. Phillippe is a member of the Methodist church, while his wife is affiliated with the Christian church, and they are both liberal contributors to religious work. Politically Mr. Phillippe is in sympathy with the democratic party and fraternally he is identified with the blue lodge, chapter and commandery of the Masonic order. He is now serving as high priest of the chapter at

Bicknell. He is recognized as a man of keen foresight and good judgment - a man who has a large measure of business sagacity and perseverance - two elements that contribute greatly to business success. The honorable position which he has attained is due to his own efforts and, therefore, he may truly be called a self-made man.

August A. Begeman

August A. Begeman, now living retired in the enjoyment of a well earned rest after many years of earnest and successful labor, is of Teutonic ancestry and was born in Lippe-Detmold, Germany, March 29, 1836. He is a son of Herman H. and Louisa (Freitag) Begeman. The father of our subject held a government position in Germany and was identified with the farming interests. He came to this country in 1848, seeking more favorable conditions for his children, and located in this county just across the valley from the home of our subject in Vigo township. Here he lived until his death, which occurred in 1852. The mother was called away in September, 1863. Of their children all are deceased except the subject of this review, their names being William, Henry, Herman, John C., Carl, August A., Ernest, Louisa, Sophia and Helen.

August A. Begeman crossed the ocean in an old sailing vessel, which required eight weeks and three days for the voyage, now accomplished in five or six days. He was then in his boyhood and many of the scenes of this eventful trip made an impression which has remained vividly through life. Landing at New Orleans, the travelers came by water to Evansville, this part of the journey requiring seven days. Although a mere lad, our subject began to work in earnest immediately after arriving at his new home and he had very limited advantages of education, attending the district school only three months. However, he applied himself industriously during evenings at home and learned to read and write in both the English and German languages. Through life he has been a close student and observer and he is known as a well read man. He began for himself as a farmer by purchasing forty acres of swamp land and during the first winter he made six thousand rails, which he sold at fifty cents per hundred, turning out a like amount during the winter following, so that he eventually was able to pay for the land. In the course of years he accumulated about three hundred acres and cleared off three different farms. He sold a goodly portion of his land and is now the owner of ninety acres, upon which there stands a comfortable dwelling and other modern improvements. He also owns real estate in Sandborn, and two or three business buildings, and is a stockholder in the Sandborn Bank, of which he was a charter member. When the railroad was being built through this region he was made foreman of thirty-seven men and also was appointed to re- ceive timber for the road and make out pay rolls, being virtually in charge of the construction of the line between Sandborn and Westphalia. At one time he was appointed by the county commissioners to replat Vigo township, the taxpayers having got the plat mixed up. He succeeded in straightening out the tangle to the satisfaction of everybody concerned and in business affairs generally has always shown an ability that reflected upon him the highest credit.

Mr. Begeman has been twice married, his first wife being Miss Anna Sedlemeier. One child was born to this union, Clara S., now the wife of Lawrence Roeder, of Sandborn, a record of whom appears elsewhere in this work. Mrs. Begeman having been called away in 1874, our subject was again married in 1894 to Miss Alice Carroll, who lias proved to him a faithful and loving companion. Politically Mr. Begeman affiliates with the democratic party, whose principles he heartily endorses. Although he has not been a seeker for public office, he has filled the positions of assessor of Vigo township and deputy sheriff of Knox county with great acceptance to the people. Socially he holds membership in Sandborn lodge, I. O. O. F., and in the encampment, having passed through the chairs of this organization. In all the relations of life, public and private, he has shown an integrity and trustworthiness that have justly placed him among the honored citizens of Knox county.

A. L. Brocksmith is one of Bicknell's most influential and prosperous citizens. His birth occurred near Freelandville, Knox county, Indiana, on the Sth of November, 1859, his parents being Henry and Henrietta (Dreiman) Brocksmith. A sketch of the father appears on another page of this work. A. L. Brocksmith attended both the German and English schools in his youthful years and subsequently spent four years in travel, covering about a thousand miles a year. He then settled in Freelandville and was engaged in the saloon business for three and a half years, on the expiration of which period he traded his establishment for a farm in the southern part of Knox county.

Two years later he came to Bicknell and here embarked in general merchandising, successfully conducting a store of that character for thirteen years. At the end of that time he took over the management of the Linn Coal Company, having a controlling interest therein. Five years ago he organized the Bicknell Light & Power Company, lighting the streets two years before the town was incorporated. He was also one of the organizers of the Bicknell Building & Loan Association and one of its directors. He is an extensive real-estate owner, having a number of lots and buildings in Bicknell as well as property holdings elsewhere. He not only became manager of the Linn Coal Company but was the man who developed the mine nine years ago. It has a capacity of from five to six hundred tons per day and from ninety to one hundred men are employed in its operation. Mr. Brocksmith again manifested his progressive spirit by installing the first direct connected dynamo for cutting coal in the state. He well merits the proud American title of a self-made man, for his present prosperity is attributable entirely to his own efforts, splendid executive ability, untiring perseverance and pluck.

In 1887 Mr. Brocksmith was united in marriage to Miss Lucy Robbins, by whom he has six children, as follows : Eva, the wife of Clarence Wampler; Chester, Rachel, Steen, Robert and Charles, all at home.

In politics Mr. Brocksmith is an independent democrat, while fraternally he is identified with the Modern Woodmen of America. His wife is a devoted and consistent member of the Christian church. He possesses many of the strong characteristics of his Teutonic ancestry, especially that spirit of determination which enables him to unfalteringly pursue a course that he has marked out until it reaches its culmination in success. Knox county has always been his home and he has many friends within its borders.

Charles W. Cochran

Charles W. Cochran is one of the younger business men of Edwardsport, who has attained an honorable place in the estimation of the community. He was born at Freelandville, Knox county, October 7, 1880, and is a son of Michael R. and Eliza Jane (Winkler) Cochran. The father was bom in Indiana and has devoted his entire life to farming. The mother is a native of Knox county. There were two children in the family : Charles W. ; and George N., who is a harness maker of Sandborn, Indiana.

The subject of this review was educated at Freelandville and also at the State Normal College of Terre Haute, Indiana, spending three terms in the preparation for teaching. After leaving the college he taught for three years in the common schools and at twenty-two years of age, having decided to change his occupation, he became identified with harness making, the furniture business and embalming. In the meantime he had taken unto himself a wife and they both attended the Cincinnati School of Embalming and both hold state licenses as embalmers, their services often being called for throughout a wide region surrounding Edwardsport.

On the loth of April, 1902, Mr. Cochran was united in marriage to Miss Hulda R. Reeve, and to this union one child, Ruth, was born May 16, 1904. Politically Mr. Cochran is in sympathy with the principles and candidates of the republican party. Fraternally he is identified with the Masonic order and now holds the office of junior warden in the local lodge. He is also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the encampment, and he and his wife are connected with the Order of the Eastern Star, of which he is worthy patron, and the Rebekahs. Mr. Cochran has been largely blessed in his marriage, as his wife is a woman of excellent judgment and has been of the greatest assistance to him in all the interests in which he is associated. They have many friends in Edwardsport and vicinity, whom they have attracted by qualities of usefulness and unselfishness that seldom fail to meet deserved recognition.

Henry Brocksmith

Henry Brocksmith, who has lived retired at Bicknell since the fall of 1902, was formerly actively and successfully identified with the agricultural and mercantile interests of Knox county. His birth occurred in Lippe-Detmold, Germany, on the 6th of December, 1833, his parents being Lewis and Wilhelmina (Fricke) Brocksmith, who were born, reared and married in that country. In 1848 the father crossed the Atlantic to the United States, locating in Freelandville, Knox county, Indiana, which was then all covered with timber. He purchased land from the government and prepared it for cultivation, carrying on general agricultural pursuits until called to his final rest in 1883. The period of his residence in this county covered more than a third of a century and he gained an extensive acquaintance within its borders. His wife passed away in Knox county in 1874. Their children were three in number, namely: Lewis and Louise, who are deceased ; and Henry, of this review.

The last named, who obtained his education in the schools of the fatherland, accompanied his parents on their emigration to the new world. During the early period of the family's residence in this county the trustees of Widner township rented a large smokehouse belonging to Lewis Brocksmith and conducted a free school therein for six weeks. When twentyfive years of age Henry Brocksmith was married and began farming the old homestead place independently, continuing to reside thereon until 1869. He then disposed of the property and embarked in business as a general merchant of Freelandville, conducting the enterprise for five years. On the expiration of that period he once more became identified with farming interests and was actively engaged in the work of the fields until the fall of 1902, when he came to Bicknell, here erecting one of the most beautiful residences that the town boasts. He also owns another commodious residence and is widely recognized as one of the substantial and respected residents of the community.

In 1859 Mr. Brocksmith was united in marriage to Miss Hattie Dreiman, by whom he has eight children, as follows : August L., who is one of the leading coal operators in Knox county; Henry F., who follows farm- ing near Vincennes ; Louisa, at home ; Lena, the wife of Henry Shookman ; Otto, an electrician of Linton, Indiana; Lewis, who is a merchant; Edith, the wife of John Linn, of Bicknell, Indiana; and Frank, who is Hkewise engaged in merchandising.

In poHtics Mr. Brocksmith is independent, supporting men and measures rather than party. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the United Brethren church. He has now passed the seventy-seventh milestone on life's journey and receives the respect and veneration which should ever be accorded one who has traveled thus far on this earthly pilgrimage and whose career has been at all times upright and honorable. For more than six decades he has made his home in Knox county and is therefore largely familiar with its annals from pioneer times down to the present.

John Kroggel

The United States owes a great deal to Germany on account of the many sturdy sons and daughters of the fatherland who have crossed the ocean and established prosperous homes under the favoring influences of the American republic. Among the number should be named John Kroggel, now engaged in the mercantile business at Westphalia, Knox county. He was born in the northern part of Germany, February 3, 1866, and is a son of John and Minnie (Ruedneck) Kroggel. The father came to this country and spent the last seventeen years of his life. He was twice married, three children being the result of the first union, all of whom are still living in the old country. By his second marriage there were two children : John, our subject, and Herman, a farmer living near Sandborn. The mother was also married twice, her first husband being a Mr. Albright, by whom she had two children : Fred, a resident of Mississippi ; and William, now living in Widner township, Knox county. The mother is still living and makes her home with our subject.

John Kroggel was educated in the public schools of Germany, where he received a good training, which has been of great benefit to him during his active life. He came to the United States at the age of eighteen years, in 1884, and for eight years engaged in farming. However, his talents seemed to attract him in another direction and he changed his occupation, becoming driver of a huckster wagon. Twelve years ago he entered the mercantile business for himself and has since continued, attaining a gratifying measure of success, which usually is the result of well applied industry.

In 1898 Mr. Kroggel was united in marriage to Miss Amelia Due, and two children have blessed the union, Theodore and Herbert, both of whom are at home. Mr. Kroggel is in hearty sympathy with the principles of the democratic party, whose candidates he usually assists to the extent of his ability, and is a valued member of the Evangelical German church of Westphalia. He is a man who would make his way anywhere. He understands the necessity of economy in the beginning of any successful career and he has the patience and perseverance that are not to be defeated by difficulties. Hence it is no wonder that he has scored success in his adopted country, and it is hardly necessary to say that no more patriotic citizen is to be found than the worthy subject of this review.

Nelson Carroll

Nelson Carroll, of Sandborn, Knox county, who by application and sound judgment has gained recognition as one of its substantial business men, was born in Vigo township, this county, one and three-fourths miles west of Sandborn, February 7, 1876. He is a son of Jackson and Elizabeth (Brewer) Caroll. The father was also a native of Knox county and passed his life here but died in Sandborn in 1879. He was one of the successful farmers of Knox county and a man of very high standing, whose influence was always exerted in the direction of upbuilding the permanent welfare of those with whom he was connected. The mother of our subject was a native of Greene county, this state, and was married in Knox county. She is now living and makes her home at Sandborn. Three children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Carroll : John W., a farmer of Vigo township ; Emmett, who is also engaged in farming in Vigo township and is in partnership with our subject in business ; and Nelson, our subject.

Educated in the old North Vincennes school for a few years, the subject of this review received a fair start along the lines of mental training, which he has greatly extended by reading and observation. He was brought up to work and remembers that at eight years of age he was set to plowing corn and succeeded in holding the plow between the furrows. Later he learned the brickmason's trade and became a contractor, in which he continued until 1903, when he invested in the lumber business. After some experience in his new enterprise he associated with his brother and they are now in charge of a large lumber yard, with a complete line of everything pertaining to the building interests. Being men of good business capacity, they have attracted a large patronage in Sandborn and from the surrounding country, so that now they are receiving handsome returns upon their investment and the business is steadily growing. Our subject is also identified with real estate and other interests and finds his time well taken up in meeting the demands of a progressive community.

On the loth of July, 1896, Mr. Carroll was happily united in marriage to Miss Alice Wells, of Sandborn, Indiana. Two children have blessed the union, Roxie and Lester. Politically Mr. Carroll is in sympathy with the democratic party and socially he is identified with the Masonic lodge of

Sandborn, being past master of the same. He is a firm believer in the authority of the Bible and he and his wife are active members of the Christian church, of which he is a deacon and treasurer. By conscientious application and wise business sagacity, he has become in a large degree financially independent and is known as one of the progressive business men of Knox county. He has gained his present enviable position very largely through his innate spirit of perseverance, never yielding to discouragements, and he is a living illustration of the value of those important characteristics in attaining a laudable success in life.

Robert Curry

Among the men who bravely performed their duty on the field of battle when the country was in danger may be named Robert Curry, an honored resident of Edwardsport, Knox county. He was born in Dubois county, Indiana, September 30, 1844, and is a son of Thomas and Catherine (Barren) Curry. The father was born in Durham county, England, in 1809, and was a coal miner there. He came to the United States in 1833, stopping for a time at Pittsburg and then going to Hawesville, Kentucky, where he became a coal operator on the Mississippi river, delivering to the market at New Orleans. After seven years' experience in the south he located in Dubois county, Indiana, where he purchased eighty acres of land, which he cultivated until 1854, when he settled in Edwardsport. Here he lived until his death, which occurred April 23, 1876. Politically he was a stanch republican. A firm believer in the authority of the Bible, he was a valued member of the Christian church. The mother of our subject was also born in Durham county, England, where her eyes first opened to the light of day in 1812. She was married in England, in 1831, and departed this life at Edwardsport, September 18, 1877. Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Curry: John, who was born March i, 1833, and died October 5, 1861 ; Alice, who was born July 5, 1835, and passed away in February, 1898; EHzabeth, who was born February 21, 1837, and died in March, 1898; Thomas, Jr., who was born December 9, 1840, and was called to his final rest in September, 1858; Robert, our subject; James, who was born May 5, 1848, and now a farmer of Decker, Indiana ; Jacob B., who was born February 2, 1852, and died August 19, 1953 ; and Jacob II, who was bom July 3, 1854, and died August 23, 1854.

The subject of this review was educated in the district schools and grew up on the home farm, where he remained until he was twenty-three years of age. On July 4, 1863, he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Eighteenth Indiana Volunteers, for a period of six months, and remained in the field until discharged in March, 1864. After a short visit at home he reenlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Indiana Volunteers, for one hundred days, serving until after the close of the war, when he was honorably discharged. He took part in the battles of Blue Springs, Bullsgap, Mains Crossroads and many lesser engagements, always performing his duties in such a way as to meet the hearty approval of the officers of his company. After returning from the army he devoted his attention for a time to farming and later was a coal operator, also engaging in the grain and live-stock business. He has been very successful and is the owner of a fine farm of two hundred and sixty acres in Vigo township and a beautiful home at Edwardsport, to which is attached sixteen acres of ground.

In 1866 the subject of this review was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Walker, who was born in Daviess county, Indiana, May 31, 1841, and is a daughter of John and Anna (Smiley) Walker. Two children blessed the union. Catherine is the wife of W. E. Payne, pastor of the Christian church of Brownstown, Indiana. They have two children, Elmer Curry and John Howard. Orris Asa was married to Jessie Roby and they have six children : Ruby, Robert C, Charlotte, Garnette, Teddy R. and Frances.

Mr. Curry is a stanch supporter of the republican party and, although he has never sought political honors, he takes great interest in the party's success. He is prominently identified with a number of fraternal organizations and was a charter member of the Edwardsport lodge, A. F. & A. M. He has passed through all the chairs in the blue lodge and holds membership in the chapter at Bicknell, Indiana. He and his wife are both members of the Order of the Eastern Star and he is grand patron of the local lodge. He was a charter member of the Edwardsport lodge, I. O. O. F., being the only charter member of this organization now living. The lodge was instituted June 27, 1867, and he has passed through all of its chairs. He was also a charter member of the encampment and is now chief patriarch. He and his wife both hold membership in the Rebekahs and he was a charter member of the local lodge of the Grand Army of the Republic and its first commander. Mr. and Mrs. Curry are identified with the Christian church and are socially quite prominent in the community. Their pleasant home is a gathering place where friends and acquaintances may at all times be assured of a cordial welcome. In his wife Mr. Curry has been greatly blessed, as she is a woman of excellent judgment and the possessor of many beautiful traits of character.

H. G. Conrad

H. G. Conrad, the superntendent of the Freeman mines, was born in Edwardsport, Knox county, Indiana, on the 13th of November, 1877, his parents being Gideon and Lorena (Greene) Conrad. The father, a native of Pike county, Indiana, came to Knox county in early life and here continued to reside until called to his final rest save for a period of about ten years which he spent in the west. He worked as a miner throughout his entire business career and passed away in 1900. The mother of our subject, who was born, reared and married in Pike county, still resides in Bicknell, where she has an extensive circle of friends.

H. G. Conrad attended the common schools until fourteen years of age and then went into the mines as a trapper. When a youth of eighteen he was made boss driver, while two years later he was promoted to the position of boss and at the early age of twenty-one became mine superintendent, which position he has held continuously since. He first served in that capacity at Edwardsport for five years and then came to Bicknell, where he acted as assistant superintendent for two years before being advanced to the position of superintendent. When the mine was opened he laid it out according to his ideas, having full charge of the underground development. He was graduated from the Scranton Correspondence School as a civil engineer, mining engineer and superintendent of mines and also passed the state examination, holding license as fire boss, mine boss and mine superintendent. He has worked his way steadily upward from a humble position to one of large responsibility and has proven himself especially capable in planning work and directing the labors of those under him.

On the 14th of June, 1905, Mr. Conrad was united in marriage to Miss Grace Thompson, by whom he has one son, Harvey Earl. His political allegiance is given to the democracy, while fraternally he is identified with the Masons and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Edwardsport. He also belongs to the encampment. In the county where his entire life has been spent he is well known and popular, having won the kindly regard and esteem of all with whom he has been associated.

Albert G. Craig

Albert G. Craig, who for the past six years has conducted a well appointed jewelry store in Bicknell, was born in Otwell, Pike county, Indiana, on the 17th of June, 1874, his parents being William and Louisa M. (Mc- Christy) Craig. The father, whose birth occurred in Kentucky in August, 1830, was but six months old when taken by his parents to Pike county, Indiana, where he has resided continuously to the present time. He has worked at the cooper's trade throughout his entire business career, which occupation was followed by his ancestors for many years. Unto him and his wife were bom eleven children, the record of whom is as follows : Herman E., who is a resident of Vincennes, Indiana ; William T., a jeweler of Otwell, Indiana ; Theresa A., the wife of John H. Smith, who follows farming near Spurgeon, Indiana ; Elisha R., who is engaged in agricultural pursuits near Mountain Grove, Missouri ; John P., of Otwell, Indiana, who is a driller for oil and coal; Oliver A., who was drowned in 1881 ; Marshall E., who follows carpentering at Otwell, Indiana; Cassius E., who is deceased; Louisa

Albert G. Craig obtained his education in the graded schools of Otwell and there began his work as a jeweler. Subsequently he spent three years in Winslow and then removed to Hazleton, where he remained for four months. On the expiration of that period he came to Bicknell, here establishing his present business on the loth of October, 1904. He handles a very select stock of jewelry, cut glass, chinaware, music, etc., and enjoys an extensive and profitable patronage. He also does a general line of repairing and is widely recognized as one of the substantial, enterprising and representative business men of the town. For the past four years he has been collecting old Indian relics and now has one of the finest collections of the kind in Knox county.

On the 5th of April, 1905, Mr. Craig was united in marriage to Miss Ethel Couch, of Mount Carmel, Illinois, by whom he has three children, namely : Elva Lorain ; and Ethelyn Louisa and Evelyn Louesea, twins.

Mr. Craig is a socialist in politics but has always voted the prohibition ticket, being a firm believer in the temperance cause. Fraternally he is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Bicknell. He belongs to the Christian church and acts as an elder therein as well as chairman of its board. He is likewise a member of the Retail Jewelers Association of Indiana and the National Jewelers Association. In all the relations of life he has proved himself an earnest, honest, upright man and a citizen of whom any community might well be proud.

William A. Bellinger

William A. Bellinger, who has lived in honorable retirement at Bicknell for the past two years, was long and successfully identified with the agricultural interests of Knox county as a farmer and stock-raiser of Widner township. His birth occurred in Virginia on the 17th of November, 1852, his parents being Joseph and Sarah (Cash) Bellinger. The father, likewise a native of the Old Bominion, came to Indiana in 1856, locating in Harrison county. Subsequently he removed to Kansas and there followed farming throughout the remainder of his life. The mother of our subject was born, reared and married in the Sunflower state and resides there at the present time.

William A. Bellinger, who was but four years of age at the time of his parents' removal to this state, attended the common schools in the acquirement of an education. In 1870 he came to Knox county, locating in Widner township, where he was successfully engaged in farming throughout the remainder of his active business career, also devoting considerable attention to the raising and feeding of stock. Two years ago he put aside the active work of the fields and purchased a fine residence in Bicknell, where he has since lived retired, enjoying the fruits of his former toil in well earned ease. He still owns two hundred and ten acres of valuable land in this county and is widely recognized as a most substantial and respected citizen.

Mr. Bellinger has been married twice. In 1873 he wedded Miss Margaret Chambers, who passed away the same year. For his second wife he chose Miss Alice Polk, by whom he has six children, as follows : Horace P., superintendent of schools at Pittsburg, Kansas, is married and has two children, Alice and Ralph. Lawrence, a resident of Missouri, is married and has one child, Blanche. Edgar, who follows farming in Widner township, is married and has two children, Thelma and Dwight. Ralph is at home. Chester is married and has one child, Ruth. Robert is also at home.

In politics Mr. Bellinger is a republican, while fraternally he was identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for a time. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Baptist church. The period of his residence in Knox county covers four decades and he enjoys a wide and favorable acquaintance within its borders.

Pinkney Be Lay, a well known business man and farmer of Knox county, now living partially retired, was born in Stafford township, Greene county, Indiana, April 8, 1835, a son of Alexander and Rachel (Carl) Be Lay. The father was a native of North Carolina, bom in 1801, and was one of the early pioneers of Indiana, coming to Greene county about 1832 or 1833, where he was identified with farming interests until his death, which occurred in 1866. The mother of our subject was born in North Carolina, in 1801, and was married in her native state before coming to Indiana. She departed this life twenty-two years after her husband, in 1888. They had eight children : Mary, and Bavid, both deceased ; James, who served in Company C, Eightieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, at the time of the Civil war and is now deceased; Nancy Jane, the wife of Samuel HoUingsworth, of Oklahoma; Malinda, deceased; Pinkney, our subject; Albert, who died in 1859; and Martha, also deceased.

Pinkney Be Lay was reared on the home farm under pioneer conditions and received his early education in the subscription school, a system which was in use prior to the introduction of the common schools. He assisted in the farm work as he grew up and continued at home until he was twentythree years of age, when he took unto himself a wife and removed to Knox county, locating on the White river bottom. Here he cultivated land and carried on general farming with a high degree of success, being recognized as one of the substantial farmers of the community. In 1892 he removed to Sandborn, where he has since lived and is actively identified with the Sand- born Bank, having been one of its organizers and now serving upon its board of directors. He is also interested in real estate and is the owner of one hundred and ninety acres of highly improved land in Knox and Greene counties. The farm is being cultivated by younger men and he is devoting his attention to other interests, in which he has made good paying investments.

On the lOth of February, 1859, Mr. De Lay was united in marriage to Miss Nancy Maxwell, of this county, and they became the parents of eight children : J. A., a farmer of Bicknell, is married and has one daughter, Harriet. Elizabeth is the next of the family. William, who is engaged in the drug business in Palestine, Illinois, is married and has four sons, Earl, Cecil, Floyd and Frank. James A., a Christian minister, now deceased, married and had one daughter, Jamie. David Curtis, who is operating a gristmill at Lyons, Greene county, Indiana, is married and has seven children, Stella, Eldon, Ellis, Ruth, Chester, Virgil and Dorothy. Qyde, a farmer of Vigo township, is married and has two sons, Elmer and William. One child died in infancy. Maud is the wife of Everett Jones, who is in business with our subject, and they have had three children but only one is living, Everett P.

In March, 1905, Mr. De Lay was called upon to mourn the loss of his beloved wife, a woman of many beautiful attributes of mind and heart, who made many friends by her unselfish life.

Mr. De Lay is politically in sympathy with the republican party. He has never aspired to public office but for two and one-half years he served with great acceptance as member of the town board. He is a man of liberal views and is not a member of any religious denomination but contributes to all of the local churches. Successful in business and also in making friends, Mr. De Lay is known as a citizen of sterling qualities and one who has been of distinct benefit to the community. Loved by his children and associates, he is now at ease passing the evening of a well spent life, which has reflected credit not only upon himself but upon all with whom he has been connected.

J. G. Simonson, of Edwardsport, who is a descendant of good English ancestry and whose father was a pioneer of Indiana, was born in Daviess county, Indiana, across the river from Edwardsport, August 9, 1845. He is a son of Alfred and Sarah (Perkins) Simonson. The father was born in a fort in the early pioneer days about half way between Edwardsport and Bicknell. He passed his entire life in Knox county with the exception of four years, which he spent in Daviess county, and until 1846 engaged in farming. At the time named he entered the general merchandise business at Edwardsport, dealing also extensively in grain and pork, which he shipped by water to New Orleans. Associating with George Morgan, he built a large brick pork house, which still stands and is the largest building in EdWardsport, being used as a grain elevator. It is one hundred and seven by thirty feet in foundation area. He also built a large brick store building, which still stands and is used by the subject of this review. The father was a prominent real-estate holder in Edwardsport and erected twelve residences in the town. He was a democrat and a member of the Masonic order, having advanced to the higher degrees in the organization. At the time of his death in 1901 he was the oldest member of Washington lodge, Daviess county. The mother of our subject was born at Sugar Grove, Daviess county, and departed this life in Knox county in 1907. There were nine children in the family of Mr. and Mrs. Simonson : George, a farmer of Freelandville ; Emeline, the widow of Dr. Anderson, of Vincennes ; J. G., our subject; Lee, a farmer of Vigo township; Flora, the wife of David Bruner, of Sandborn, Indiana ; Laura, the wife of Steve Slinkard of Los Angeles, California, and Florence, John and Dora, all deceased.

Educated in the public schools of Edwardsport, J. G. Simonson, at sixteen years of age, in 1861, began his active career in partnership with his father, in which he continued for many years. About 1889 the partnership was dissolved and he conducted business on his own account, retiring from active operations in 1905. He is the owner of two lots and the brick store building which his father erected and also of forty-five acres of valuable land near town and sixty acres one and one-half miles south of town, as well as other interests which yield him a handsome income upon his investments.

Politically Mr. Simonson adheres to the democratic party. He has never aspired to official position but has always willingly assisted his friends who desired public office. Successful in business aflfairs, he can claim a host of admirers in the county where he has passed his entire life, and is recognized as a citizen whose honor has never been questioned and who has ever aimed to perform his duty to all with whom he was associated.

John A. Risch

Among the successful business men of Vincennes stands John A. Risch, who is president of the Vincennes Milk Condensing Company and is prominently connected with other interests. He is a native of Knox county, born September 21, 1865, and is a son of Sebastian and Mary (Heller) Risch His father, who was bom in Alsace-Lorraine, France, in 1834, came to America and for twenty-five years was engaged in the general merchandise business. The mother was a native of Indiana. Eight children of the family are now living: Catherine, now Mrs. John B. Prullage, of Vincennes, whose husband is sole owner of the Knox County Brick Yards ; John A., the subject

John A. Risch received his preliminary education in the public schools of Vincennes and then completed a course in a commercial college, thus preparing for the active duties of life. He first engaged as a bookkeeper in his father's office and after having gained the necessary experience was given entire charge of the store, evincing an energy and enterprise which was a sure prophecy of success. In 1892 he began in the general mercantile business on his own account, conducting what was known as the Economy Depart' ment Store. He was at the head of this business for fourteen years, retiring in 1906. Being a man of practical business observation, he became interested in the milk condensing business. He accordingly organized the Vincennes Milk Condensing Company and has since been its president and general manager, the result proving that his judgment was correct, as the business has shown a steady increase from the beginning. In October, 1909, he took charge of the creamery at Montgomery, Indiana, and in March, 1910, was made general manager of the Eldorado Ice Cream Company of Eldorado, Illinois. He also has large farming interests in Knox county and is a prominent holder of real estate in Vincennes.

' On the loth of February, 1907, Mr. Risch was united in marriage to Mrs. Emma Doak, a daughter of Robert Henderson, of Indiana. He is a member of the board of directors of the Vincennes Board of Trade and in social circles is affiliated with the Elks, the Knights of Columbus and the Harmonic Verein. Politically he is independent, preferring to vote for the men and issues that at the time appear to him most essential to the advancement of the interests of the city and state. He is popular with his friends and acquaintances broad in his views as to the duties of citizenship, and, being a lifelong resident of this section and fully alive as to its resources and possibilities, he has in many ways been able to advance the permanent interests of Vincennes and Knox county.

Samuel J. Miller

A prosperous citizen of Knox county, Samuel J. Miller, the owner of a highly improved farm which he acquired through his own industry, was bom in Widner township, Knox county, February 18, i860. He is a son of August J. and Wilhelmina (Wallerman) Miller. The father was a native of Hammerstein, Germany, but he was not satisfied with the conditions prevailing in one of the long established countries of the old world, so he came to the United States in 1857, seeking more favorable surroundings for himself and his family. It is this spirit of dissatisfaction that has led many to leave their homes and seek their fortimes in a strange land. The same spirit is responsible in a most important degree for the progress of civiliza- tion and its dissemination in the various countries of the world. August J. Miller located for one year at Louisville, Kentucky, then came to Knox county, making his home on a farm owned by Charles Harper, near Edwardsport. After cultivating this farm for a year he bought forty acres from Mr. Harper and after seven years pemanently located in section 4, Vigo township, where he continued until his death, which occurred in December, 1891. In his native country Mr. Miller was a blacksmith, but in Knox county he became a successful farmer and was known as one of the reliable and progressive members of the community. The mother of our subject was born at Hammerstein and departed this life in 1872, in Knox county. There were six children in the family : Augusta, who died in 1903 ; Samuel J. ; Joseph, deceased in 1908; John R., now living in Vigo township; Henry C, also of Vigo township; and Sarah J., who is married and lives in Washington township, Knox county.

The subject of this review was educated in the country schools of his native county and grew up on the home farm, becoming, under the direction of his father, thoroughly acquainted with the various details of agriculture and stock-raising. He continued at home until thirty-two years of age when he began farming on his own account at his present location, in section 9. He is now the owner of one hundred and twenty acres of land, forty acres of which is in Washington township. He has made all the improvements on his place and manages so well that he receives gratifying annual returns upon his investment. No more capable farmer is to be found in this part of the county.

In August, 1891, Mr. Miller was united in marriage to Miss Idelle Bicknell and three children have blessed this union, Robert A., Evangeline and Ernest. Politically Mr. Miller is identified with the republican party. He is an active member of the Baptist church and is now serving as deacon. He is greatly interested in the community in which he lives and has on many occasions demonstrated the interest he feels by generous contributions to worthy causes and by personal service in behalf of those less fortunate than himself. A native of Knox county, he has here spent his entire life, and it is no exaggeration to say that he possesses in a high degree the unqualified respect of those with whom he associates.

George W. Phillippe, Sr

George W. PhilHppe, Sr., one of the worthy native sons of Knox county, has been successfully engaged in general agricultural pursuits throughout his entire business career and is the owner of two hundred and fifty-four acres of rich and productive land in Vigo township. His birth occurred on the 26th of June, 1833, and he has therefore passed the seventy-seventh milestone on life's journey. The first representatives of the name in this country were three brothers who came from France in 1732, two settling in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, and the other in Wythe county, Virginia. Some of their descendents now reside in- Germantown, Pennsylvania. Peter Phillippe, the father of our subject, came to Indiana from Wythe county, Virginia, in 1832, locating in Palmyra township, Knox county. At the end of a year he took up his abode in Washington township, there continuing to reside until called to his final rest in 1847. He was an agriculturist by occupation and won a gratifying measure of success as a tiller of the soil. His political allegiance was given to the democracy, while in religious faith he was a Presbyterian. The lady whom he wedded while still a resident of Wythe county, Virginia, was there born and reared. Her demise occurred on the 13th of June, 1878. By her marriage she became the mother of nine children, as follows : Katie, the widow of James Neal, of Washington township ; Ephraim, also a resident of Washington township ; Josiah, who is deceased; George W., of this review; John, of Washington township ; Mary, who is deceased ; Eliza, who gave her hand in marriage to John Boyd and resides in Washington township ; David, who likewise makes his home in Washington township; and Peter, who has passed away.

George W. Phillippe, Sr., acquired his education in the common schools of Washington township and remained under the parental roof until twentyeight years of age, assisting in the operation of the home farm. In 1861 he took up his abode on the farm which has remained in his possession to the present time, first clearing the land and preparing it for cultivation. The many substantial improvements which now adorn the property stand as monuments to his enterprise, thrift and industry. The work of the fields has claimed his attention throughout his entire business career and he is now the owner of two hundred and fifty-four acres of valuable land in Vigo township, which returns to him a gratifying annual income. He was formerly a member of the Building & Loan Association and was likewise interested in the banking business but has recently withdrawn from those branches of activity. His home is a commodious and substantial structure, attractive by reason of its tasteful furnishings as well as because of the spirit of hospitality which there reigns supreme.

On the 26th of October, i860, Mr. Phillippe was joined in wedlock to Miss Mary Smith, of Freelandville, Knox county, Indiana, by whom he had eight children, namely: Frank, who has passed away; Peter, a resident of Vincennes, Indiana, and ex-county superintendent of schools ; Lewis, an agriculturist of Vigo township, who was formerly a trustee of that township; David, who is deceased; Marion G., at home; Delia, living in Waynesville, Illinois ; Ethel, the wife of Charles Houk, of Bicknell, Indiana ; and Catherine, at home.

At the polls Mr. Phillippe supports the men and measures of the democracy, being a firm believer in its principles. He belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church and acts as a steward and trustee. Having resided in

Knox county from his birth to the present time or for more than threefourths of a century, he is widely and favorably known within its borders, the circle of his friends being almost coextensive with the circle of his acquaintances.

Elliott T. Cox

Elliott T. Cox, owner of a valuable farm in Widner township, is a highly respected citizen who has made his own way through life and years ago attained a position of comparative independence. He was born in Widner township, November 23, 1854, and is a son of Alexander Campbell and Angeline (Sartor) Cox. The birth of the father occurred near Freelandville, Knox county, but at twenty-six years of age he went to Labette county, Kansas, where he lived for eight years. He then removed to Welch, Indian Territory, where he continued until his death, which occurred in 1907. He was through life identified with the farming interests and was an earnest member of the Christian church, having assisted in securing religious services in Widner township. Jonathan P. Cox, the grandfather of our subject, was one of the early arrivals in Knox county, coming from Kentucky in company with two brothers, while two other brothers remained at the old home. He became one of the leaders in the early times in this county and served as county assessor and also as county surveyor. The mother of our subject was a native of Washington township, this county, and daughter of John T. Sartor, a well known farmer. There were eight children in the family, the subject of this sketch being the eldest. The others were: Alice, now the wife of William Bunting, a farmer of Vigo township; Rachel, the widow of Frank Raferty, of Indianapolis, Indiana ; John O., of Stockton, California; Flora, the wife of Stowey Hollingsworth, of Washington township, this county ; Oswald, a carpenter of Bicknell ; Lewis W., a farmer of Oaktown, Indiana ; and one who died in infancy.

Educated in the common schools of Widner township, Elliott P. Cox grew up upon the home farm and continued there until twenty-eight years of age, when he began farming for himself in that township. He first bought fifty acres of land, which he carefully cultivated, and in 1888 purchased the home place. Here he lived until 1905, when he acquired possession of the Lee Hill farm adjoining, to which place he removed, but after two years located in Bicknell where he owns a beautiful home. He is also the owner of three hundred and forty acres of fine farming land in this county and has for years been known as one of its most successful and progressive men. In addition to raising cereals he has made a specialty of fine cattle, and the shorthorns, from his farm have commanded high prices in the market.

In 1882 Mr. Cox was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Robinson and seven children were born to them : Nellie, the wife of Charles Phillippe, now living on the home place of our subject; A. C, who lives on the Lee Hill place; Richard R., a carpenter of Bicknell ; Agnes F., at home; Jessie, the wife of Roy Horn, of Bicknell ; and Lena and Donley E., both at home.

Mr. Cox takes pride in the fact that he never worked for wages. He has been his own master ever since he began his battle with the world and right nobly has he carried the day. His spirit of independence is shown in his political views. He was reared a republican but after reflection and observation became a populist and is a stanch believer in the platform of that party. He was formerly a member of the Church of Christ and has always made it a principle to deal justly - a principle that should be applied in all business transactions between men. Mr. Cox is highly esteemed by his neighbors and friends for his many worthy traits and the interest he has shown in everything pertaining to the permanent welfare of those with whom he is associated.

Peter C. Frost

The pioneers are passing away and not many years hence the last of these brave men and women will have gone to their reward. Their children, who in many instances suffered the privations of the early days, are with us and are among the most respected members of the community. Among the number of whom record should be made in this work is Peter C. Frost, who, seventy-five years ago was born in Knox county and who has witnessed not a few of the ups and downs of life in the course of an eventful experience. His eyes first opened to the light of day in a pioneer home in Vigo township, about three miles north of where he now resides, February 27, 1835. He is a son of Joshua and Sarah (Carl) Frost. The father was a native of North Carolina and came to Knox county in his early manhood soon after taking unto himself a life companion. He died at the age of forty-five years. The mother was also from North Carolina and departed this life at the age of fifty-three years. There were eight children in the family and the subject of this review is the only survivor.

Peter C. Frost received his education in the early subscription schools, the public-school system not then having been organized in this state. He grew up upon the home farm and assisted in clearing the land which was originally thickly overgrown with timber and quite swampy. In his boyhood days game was plentiful in this region and he has seen as many as thirty-five deer in one herd. The market for farm produce was at Vincennes and the roads were rough and hard to travel. Dressed pork brought from one dollar and a half to two dollars and a half per hundred and other farm produce in proportion. Our subject was quite a hunter and has killed two deer in one day, being a good shot and having clear eyesight that could detect these animals far away. He engaged in farming until i860, when he decided upon a change of location and went to Mount Pleasant, Titus county, Texas, where he was located for three years. The war was then in progress and he was drafted into the rebel army, where he was obliged to serve until the surrender of General Lee. He spent two years more in Texas and then yielded to an irresistible desire to take up his residence once more amidst familiar scenes. He accordingly returned to Vigo township, where he has since continued as a farmer and where he is now the owner of a fine tillable landed property and seventy acres and also a valuable town lot in Vincennes.

In 1866 ^Ir. Frost was happily united in marriage to Miss Emma Robins, a native of this coimtry. Four children have blessed the union : Elizabeth, May and Elizabeth, all deceased; and William Thomas, now living at home. Mrs. Frost having been called away, our subject was again married, in 1879, to Mrs. Elizabeth Jane Ireland Nagle, and to this union five children have been born : Lucretia, the wife of Minor jMcLenithan, of Illinois ; Peter Joshua ; John, a farmer of Vigo township ; Ross, of Kansas ; and Catherine, the wife of Richard Anthony, of Sandborn.

Politically in sympathy with the republican party, Mr. Frost has assisted to the extent of his ability toward its success in this county. He was a charter member of Sandborn lodge, K. P., and served for a number of years as trustee, and was also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Sandborn until the lodge disbanded. He is a man of strong social qualities and has many warm personal friends in Sandborn and Knox county, who admire him as a good citizen and a worthy representative of the stanch American type of character. Coming of a pioneer family, he inherited many of the traits that enabled the early settlers to meet and overcome obstacles, and by an honorable life he has maintained the good name of a family that nobly performed its part in the upbuilding of Knox county.

Peter Phillippe

Peter Phillippe, deceased, who was a valiant soldier in behalf of a united republic and a successful farmer, generally accomplishing what he undertook, was born in Washington township, Knox county, June 31, 1838. He was a son of Peter and Rebecca (Wampler) Phillippe, who were identified with the agricultural interests of this county. Our subject received his early education in the common schools and grew up on the home farm, showing as a boy many worthy characteristics which he more fully developed as the years passed. He engaged in farming until the breaking out of the Civil war, when, like thousands of other patriotic young men of the country, he ofTered his services in behalf of the Union, becoming a member of Company E, Fifty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry. The regiment was sent to the front and participated in many of the great battles of the war. Private Phillippe was never absent from the place of duty and nobly sustained his reputation as a brave and reliable soldier. He remained in the army for three years but was then honorably discharged, having contracted colic in the service and also having suffered greatly from loss of hearing, the latter being caused by heavy cannonading, which usually preceded the great battles. He was affected by both of these ailments during all the remaining years of his life, but uncomplainingly he bore his affliction like the brave man that he was. After returning from the army he resumed farming and continued at this occupation with a laudable degree of success until he was called away in 1898.

On the 13th of June, 1867, Mr. Phillippe was united in marriage to Miss Mollie Bicknell, who was born in Bicknell, this county, a daughter of Samuel and Martha (Hooper) Bicknell. Her father was also a native of Knox county but her mother was born in Wythe county, Virginia. There were twelve children in the family, two of whom died in infancy : Julia, deceased ; William, of Vincennes ; Thomas, of Bicknell ; Charles, of Strawtown, Indiana ; John, of Bicknell ; Robert, of Widner township, this county ; Lucy A., Nancy and Florence, all deceased ; and Alice, of Zena, Illinois. Six children blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Phillippe: John; Luther, of Bicknell; Flora; Lillie; Minnie; and Ona, the wife of Curtis Keith, of Indianapolis. Mrs. Phillippe two years ago erected a beautiful residence in Bicknell, where she now lives. She is the owner of twenty-five acres of land in the suburbs of the town, some of which has been platted as the Phillippe addition. She also owns stock in the Building & Loan Association and need have no fears as to finances, having been well provided for in her husband's estate.

Politically Mr. Phillippe casts his vote in support of the democratic party. Although he did not aspire to political office, he served with general acceptance as postmaster of Bicknell for two years. He was a valued member of the Methodist Episcopal church, taking a very active part in its work, and was recognized as a man of unimpeachable character and sterling worth, who was always willing to make any sacrifice for the sake of those with whom he was associated.