Vincennes Township (part 9 of 14)

very young, he was early thrown upon his own resources and obliged to make his own way against the difficulties which are presented by contact with strangers. However, he was born with a brave heart and his courage never forsook him and th'e very difficulties that might have overcome others were the means by which he gained strength. From his earliest recollection identified with the farming industry, he has ever since continued in the same line and about ten years ago he took up the live-stock business in connection with farming. That he has been successful in his various operations is indicated by ownership of land in three different townships, Palmyra, Steen and Harrison, all of this county. He is the owner of six acres of land in the suburbs of Monroe City and is interested in four business houses in the same place. He owns the beautiful home in which he lives, occupying as it does one-half acre of land, which has been highly improved by ornamental and shade trees, and he is also the owner of stock in the bank so that there is no danger but what he will be able in years to come to keep the wolf from the door.

On the 14th of December, 1881, Mr. Adams was united in marriage to Miss Nettie McBride and one child, Grace, has blessed the union. She is the wife of Luther Wood, a farmer of Monroe City, and the mother of two children, Bessie and Ruth. Mr. Adams has made it a principle of his life to concentrate his energies upon anything he undertakes, and that is one of the secrets of his success. He is recognized by his friends as a man of fine business judgment and his advice is often sought in business affairs. Politically he is an adherent of the republican party, believing that its principles are most conducive to the welfare and advancement of the state and nation. Socially he is connected with the Odd Fellows lodge of City and he can claim many friends in this organization. His estimable wife, who has proved a loving helpmeet, is a member of the Christian church. By her advice and encouragement he has been greatly assisted in his career. Their home is a center of hospitality, where friends are always assured of a cordial greeting.

Charles Henry Nabb

Nearly twenty years' connection with railway service as a representative of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company stands in unmistakable proof of loyalty, capability and fidelity on the part of Charles Henry Nabb, who was born near Lawrenceville, Illinois, June 24, 1816. In 1827 he accompanied his parents, Charles Wesley and Eliza Nabb, on their removal to Mattoon, Illinois. The father was a merchant in that city where he became a prominent and well known citizen and attained a gratifying measure of success through the conduct of his business interests.

Charles Henry Nabb was educated in Lebanon College, and on putting aside his text-books he entered his father's store, being interested in the business until coming to Vincennes. Here he accepted a position as bookkeeper and served in that capacity until he turned his attention to railroad interests. He entered the employ of the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad, now the Baltimore & Ohio, when the road was opened through Vincennes in 1854, and throughout the remainder of his life was connected with that road. He was first employed as fuel agent, buying wood for the engines, then as passenger and ticket agent and later as passenger conductor. His record for honesty and kindness to those under his charge could not be excelled and he was one of the most trusted and reliable employes of the company. Mr. Nabb was three times married and had several children but only two are now living; Charles, who wedded Mary Moore, of Louisville. Kentucky, and has four children, Ferry, Amelia, Estelle and Susan ; and Mary Frances, who is a graduate of the University of Vincennes and now lives at home. The latter's mother was Mary Jane Welton Purley, who gave her hand in marriage to Mr. Nabb in 1853. She is a daughter of Ebenezer and Permelia (Parsons) Welton, who came to Indiana from Hardy county, Virginia. Her father belonged to one of the old and prominent families of that state and was a planter and a large slaveholder in the Old Dominion. Unto Charles H. and Mary J. Nabb were born six children, of whom four died in infancy, the others being: Harry, who was in the express business and died in 1901 ; and Mary Frances. The daughter belongs to the Eastern Star, being entitled to membership through the fact that her father is a member of the Masonic fraternity. His life largely embodied the beneficent spirit of the order and he strongly endorsed its principles. His death occurred in 1873 when he was fifty-seven years of age and although many years have since come and gone he is still well remembered by older citizens. He was a prominent and active member of the First Methodist church for many years.

Frank P. Utt

There are men who achieve success in life notwithstanding the greatest obstacles. They are born with an ambition that never bows to difficulties and endowed with an energy and clear judgment that lead to certain victory. Such a man is Frank P. Utt, the owner of a beautiful farm in Knox county and now serving as a member of the board of county commissioners. The story of his life should be an incentive to every young man who aspires to gain an honorable name. He was born in Knox county in July, 1868, and is a son of Alfred and Christina Utt, both of whom were natives of Kentucky. The father was a pioneer of Indiana and sufifered many of the hardships and inconveniences of a period of which we now have little conception. He was a brave and hardy man and by arduous labor acquired the means to purchase fifty acres of land which he cleared and upon which he lived until his death, in 1876. The mother was called away in 1875.

At eight years of age Frank P. Utt was left an orphan to fight alone his battles with the world. He had a stanch heart and, notwithstanding the difficulties that were before him, he never quailed. Nobly did he undertake to achieve his destiny. Even as a boy he hired out by the month as a farm hand and at seventeen years of age he began renting land upon his own account. He sowed no wild oats and in 1892, having by unflagging industry and unfailing perseverance acquired a small capital, he purchased one hundred and fifty acres of land in Washington township, to which he later added sixty-five acres, and he is now the owner of one of the best improved farms in this part of Knox county. He not only raises cereals in abundance but he generally keeps on hand twenty-five to fifty head of cattle and fifteen to forty horses, all of good grade, and in condition to command a fair price in the market.

In 1893 Mr. Utt was united in marriage to Miss Flora Alyers, a daughter of Lawson and Lavina Myers, the former of whom was a native of North Carolina and the latter of Ohio. Three cliildren have blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Utt: Ralph E., aged fifteen; Horace R., twelve years of age; and Ernest, aged six. Mr. Utt since arriving at the age of manhood has been a supporter of the democartic party and is quite prominent in its councils in Knox county. In the fall of 1909 he was elected county commissioner and has occupied that office since January i, 1910. The term expires January i, 1913, extending over a period of three years. It is one of the responsible positions in the gift of the voters of the county and Mr. Utt is discharging his duties with a fidelity that meets their warm approval. He and his family are connected with the Presbyterian church and he is a liberal contributor toward its support. Although he began as a boy under manv disadvantages, he has steadily forged ahead and today is recognized in Knox county as one of its leading citizens, worthy of any honor to which he may aspire.

Henry F. Pieper

Although Henry F. Pieper, of Bicknell, is a native of Germany, he fought for the Union at the time of the Civil war as bravely as any man who wore the blue and won the praise which is due to those who offered their lives in order that a free government might continue to exist. His eyes first opened to the light of day in a little village near Dapmolt, Germany, February 8, 1838, his parents being Antone and Dora (Hilker) Pieper. The father came with his family to America in 1848, at a time when many libertyloving Germans were obliged to seek safety in foreign lands. They landed from the steamer at New Orleans and came up the Mississippi river on the same boat with the soldiers who were returning from the Mexican war. Mr. Pieper located on a farm in Knox county, Indiana, about halfway between Freelandville and Bicknell. Here he continued until his death which occurred when he was eighty-eight years of age. He was an inteligent man of many noble characteristics and served for six years in the German army in early manhood, where he observed many things which made him keenly alive to the blessings of liberty. He cast his first vote as an American citizen for President Pierce and was later an earnest republican. A thorough believer in the Bible, he gave his adherence to the German Evangelical church. He was a cabinet-maker in the old country and followed his trade to some extent in Knox county, although his principal energies were devoted to farming. The mother was also a native of Germany and departed this life at the family home in Knox county in 1873. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Pieper eight children were born: Henry P., our subject; Conrad, who served two and onehalf years in the Eightieth Indiana Infantry and is now living in Reno county, Kansas ; Herman, a farmer of Piatt county, Kansas ; Theodore, living on the home place ; Charles, a farmer of Knox county, now deceased ; and Lewis, Henry and Minnie, who died in infancy.

Henry F. Pieper attended the schools of Germany and later became a student in the district schools of Knox county. He assisted upon the home farm until October 23, 1861, when he enlisted as a private in the Fifty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry. The regiment participated in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth and Stone River in the early part of the war and was detailed upon a raid in the rear of General Bragg's army, engaging the enemy at Day's Gap, Crooked Creek, Blunt's Point and Rome, Georgia. In the battle last named Mr. Pieper and a number of his comrades were captured and later sent to Belle Isle and Libby prison, being confined for fourteen days in the latter place. After being released, our subject returned to his regiment and took part in the battles of Franklin and Nashville. He went aboard a transport on the Mississippi river, the objective point being San Antonio, Texas, where he received his honorable discharge December 13, 1865. He was a good soldier and always responded to the call of duty. Although he was never wounded he had many narrow escapes. At one time a ball passed through his haversack, striking a package of writing paper, so that it glanced and lodged in the coat sleeve of a comrade who was standing near. At another time while the regiment was making a charge, the canteen of Mr. Pieper was struck by a bullet, but the canteen being full of water, the missle was deflected and once more the life of the valiant soldier was saved. At the time of his discharge he was first ranking duty sergeant of his company, being elected sergeant in January, 1863.

Returning to Knox county after a journey of one month from San Antonio, Mr. Pieper resumed peaceful occupations, purchasing a tract of timber land in the primeval forest of Knox county. He remembers when the only marks of the previous presence of white men in the neighborrood were those made in the trees by the axes of bee hunters. For twenty years he success- fully cultivated Jiis farm, but in 1887 he came to Bicknell, having purchased a site overlooking the town, which afterward was destined to become the center of the residence portion. Here he erected a commodious residence and later platted an addition to Bicknell, thus identifying- himself with the upbuilding of the community. Besides a large real-estate holder in Bicknell, he owns one hundred and thirty acres of land adjoining the town, which is each year increasing in value. He was one of the organizers of the First National Bank of Bicknell. serving on its board of directors, also being an organizer and member of the board of directors of the Building & Loan Association of Bicknell.

On February 25, 1866, Mr. Pieper was united in marriage to Miss Lizzie W. Williams, who has proven to him a true and loving companion. Her parents were Leonard W. and Lucy (Hooper) Williams, natives of North Carolina. Her father died when she was only three years old, but her mother lived to an advanced age of eighty-eight years, passing away on the 6th of December, 1898.

In politics Mr. Pieper is identified with the republican party, casting his first vote for Abraham Lincoln as president of the United States. Although frequently urged to do so, he has never become a candidate for public office. He and his estimable wife are worthy members of the Baptist church and he is a prominent worker in the local post of the Grand Army of the Republic. He tried to perform his duty in behalf of his adopted country when he was a young man and he has never departed from the principles of honor and integrity which he then exhibited. As a result he has attained deserved success not only financially but also in the development of a worthy character - the crowning attribute of a noble life.

Dr. James H. Hoag, the subject of this review, is a successful practitioner who has made it the business of his life to control circumstances as far as possible, to gain all the comfort that is to be had from an upright life and to endeavor to do all the good to others he could accomplish as he went along. In furtherance of this object he is now at the head of a sanitarium for the cure of patients who have yielded to the liquor or drug habit. Here he has found a field that is at once philanthropical and lucrative and that promises many years of usefulness and honor.

Our subject comes of an old New York family and was born in Greene county in 1854, a son of Henry G. and Deborah (Hawley) Hoag. The father was bom near the Hudson river in New York in 1828 and engaged in farming. He settled in Michigan and was one of the valiant defenders of the stars and stripes in the Civil war, serving in the Eleventh Michigan Infantry, known as the "Bloody Eleventh," and was honorably mustered out at the close of the Rebellion. Three children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Hoag : James H. ; Jennie, who became the wife of William Dancer, of Stockbridge, Michigan ; and Edward G., who married Nina Sweetland and has two children.

The subject of our review received his preliminary education in the public schools and having decided to enter the medical profession, he studied for a time in the medical department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and afterward entered Hahnemann Medical College, at Chicago, from which he was graduated with the title of M. D. in 1883. After leaving college he began the practice of his profession at Kingman, Kansas, and later practiced in Oxford, Indiana, and Fife Lake, Michigan, coming to Vincennes in 1907. In his practice Dr. Hoag has kept fully abreast with the times and has met with a success that is the result of conscientious and well directed application.

In 1901 Dr. Hoag was united in marriage to Miss Anna Seekamp, who was born in Indianapolis in 1862, a daughter of John and Sarah Seekamp and a lady of fine mental attainments who has proven to her husband a loving helpmate.

Politically Dr. Hoag is identified with the republican party and although he has not aspired to public office, he acceptably filled the position of health officer at Oxford, Indiana. He is a valuable member of the Methodist church and is a thirty-second degree Mason, a Knight Templar and Shriner. A man of liberal education and large experience. Dr. Hoag has social qualities that invite sympathetic companionship and he has made many friends in Vincennes. Devoted to his profession, he is a patriotic citizen and willingly lends his assistance to any worthy cause that will add to the happiness and usefulness of his fellowmen. In him the medical profession has a zealous disciple who ably upholds its banner and who while advancing his own interest never does so in such a way as to injure others.

Cortes B. Reel

Among the prosperous citizens of Knox county is Cortes B. Reel, who is the fortunate owner of a fine farm of two hundred and thirty-five acres in one of the most productive regions of the state. He is a native of this county and has passed his entire life here, having been born on the farm where he now lives October 16, 1854, his parents being Alfred and Nancy J. (Meyers) Reel. The father was born in Palmyra township, May 17, 1825, and passed his life in this county. He engaged in the grain business in Vincennes and, being a man of clear judgment, accumulated a fortune and became recognized as a strong factor in this county. He was an ardent supporter of the principles of the democratic party and while he did not seek political hl)nors himself, he was always ready to assist his friends in realizing their ambition for public recognition. He departed this life July 21, 1891. The grandfather of our subject, Absalom Reel, was also a citizen of Knox county and was one of its honored pioneers. The mother was a native of this county and was called away November 5, 1869, when the subject of this review was fifteen years of age. There were eleven children in the family: Absalom and James, deceased; Anna, the wife of John Campbell, of Monroe City; Florence, of Pike county. Indiana; Cortes B., our subject; Charles, of Monroe City; William M., a farmer of Palmyra township ; James, 2d, a machinist now living in San Francisco ; Alfred, deceased; Dora, the wife of C. J. Thompson, of Vincennes; and G. L., deceased.

Educated in the common schools of the county and at Vincennes, the subject of this review grew up under the directing influence of his father, from whom he received numberless suggestions that have been of inestimable value to him in his business career. At the age of twenty-four years he began farming on the home place, where he now resides. The residence, a handsome large brick building, was erected by his father and is one of the most convenient and attractive homes in the entire region. The farm is provided with every facility for the cultivation of the soil and the raising of good grades of live stock. Under the management of its owner, who is familiar with every detail of the work, it yields an ample income. On April 9, 1882, Mr. Reel was united in marriage to Miss Clara Westfall, who was born in Harrison township, this county, December 14, 1861, and is a daughter of Abraham and Margaret (Barekman) Westfall. She was the oldest of ten children, the other members of the family being: Dora, the wife of John Penington, of Linton, Indiana; Laura, now Mrs. Charles Byers, of Fort Smith, Arkansas ; Abraham, who is a farmer of Johnson township, this county, and is ex-sheriff of Knox county; Margaret, the wife of Henry Hoalt of Vincennes; an infant, deceased; Elizabeth, the wife of Alonzo Woodward of \'incennes ; Eunice, the widow of Ed Henry, who died October 28, 1910; and Perry and Archibald, both of Vincennes. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Reel were born three sons and three daughters: Jesse C, attending medical collie in St. Louis, who is married and has one son, Alton, now four years old; Guy A., who is married and lives in Los Angeles, California; Georgia, the wife of Roy L. Mail of \"incennes; Paul A., at home; and two daughters who died in infancy.

Politically Mr. Reel is in sympathy with the platforms and tendencies of the democratic party. He is a firm believer in the authority of the Bible and he and his estimable wife are active members of the Presbyterian church. He has never been obliged to pass through the trials of one who has been obliged to make his own way in the world unaided, but he has succeeded in holding possession of the property left by his father, increasing it largely in value. As a farmer he ranks with the best in the county. In all his business affairs he has displayed a sound judgment that enables him to carry forward successfully whatever he has undertaken. As an upright citizen he has no superior, and no man in Knox county is more highly respected.

John G. Frisz

John G. Frisz is a wholesale and retail grower and shipper of vegetables, making a specialty of lettuce, in which connection he has built up an extensive business that has long since reached profitable proportions. He was bom on January 13, 1861, and is the son of C. H., and Barbara (Drot) Frisz. The father was a native of France, and while still in that country served in the French army with the marines, acting as a gunner. He was twenty-eight years of age when he left the old world and sailed for the United States, landing at New Orleans, whence he made his way up the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to Madison, Indiana, and joined his family at North Vernon, Indiana, for his father, mother and brothers and sisters had previously come to the new world, locating upon a farm at North Vernon. It was upon that farm, which is still known as the Frisz homestead, that John G. Frisz of this review was born. C. H. Frisz became an engineer in a sawmill and in 1858 removed from his first location to Vincennes where he secured the position of engineer in a distillery. He was ambitious to engage in business on his own account however, and as soon as opportunity offered he started out independently, establishing a bottling business which he conducted for sometime. He afterward made investment in what is known as the Old Home place in Knox county, securing at first twenty-four acres of land to which he afterward added until the farm was fifty-three acres in extent. Both he and his wife are now deceased.

John G. Frisz pursued his education in the parish schools, conducted under the auspices of the German Catholic church, but is largely a selfeducated man and in the school of experience has learned many valuable lessons which have produced practical and substantial results in business life. He became connected with his father in growing and shipping vegetables, and has since continued in this line of activity, which he has found a very profitable source of income. Particular attention is paid to the quality of vegetables raised so that his products find a ready sale on the market and command the highest prices. Mr. Frisz is making a specialty of the raising of lettuce and his shipments thereof are most extensive. He took over the business in 1898 and has since successfully managed and conducted it. He works untiringly and his diligence and determination constitute the basic features of a gratifying prosperity.

ard. Their marriage has been blessed with four children: Valentine G., who is a graduate of Jasper college and is now with his father in business ; Verena, who is attending St. Rose academy; Christopher H., who is a student in the Sacred Heart School; and Olivia, now five years of age.

Mr. Frisz is connected with many fraternal societies, social organizations and societies for the promotion of trade interests. He belongs to the Knights of Columbus, the Improved Order of Red Men, the Woodmen of the World, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Travelers Protective Association, the Harmony Club and the Fishing Club. He is likewise a member of the Board of Trade^ and is president of the North Vincennes Commercial Club, an organization formed to promote the business activity and consequent growth of that section of the city. His life has been an active and useful one and his days have been well spent, gaining for him not only a good return for his labor but also the respect and esteem of his fellowmen.

James Mason

James Mason, who has reached the venerable age of eighty-eight years and has been a resident of Knox county for about three-quarters of a century, may justly be called one of its pioneers. He was born in St. Clair county, Illinois, January 5, 1823, at time when the vast region north of the Ohio river was largely a wilderness and subject to entry as government land. His parents were Bennett and Mary (Wesner) Mason. The father was a native of Kentucky and went to Illinois in early manhood with his parents, his ancestors upon one side being and upon the other English. As a pioneer Bennett Mason performed his part, participating in wars with the Indians and assisting to the extent of his ability in clearing away the forest and making the country a fit abode for a civiHzed community. The mother was also acquainted with the trials and dangers of pioneer life and at one time was obliged to take refuge from the Indians in old Fort Knox across the river from Mncennes. The family came to Knox county about 1835 and settled in the Chambers' neighborhood, living here for five years. At the end of this time the father bought land in Vigo township, where he passed the remainder of his life. The mother came from Pennsylvania and was married in Illinois. Nine children blessed their union, one of whom died in infancy. The other members were : Betsey, now deceased ; Alfred ; James ; Eliza ; Edward ; Harrison ; Alexander ; and Lucinda.

The subject of this review, like many of the children of pioneer families, had very little opportunity to attend school. In fact, he attended but three months and the education which he has received is mainly the result of his own unaided observation and reading. He began farming on his own account in Vigo township and has there continued with the exception of two years, which he spent in Greene county, Indiana. That he is a man of industry and practical judgment is evidenced by the fact that he now owns one hundred and sixty-five acres of fine Knox county land, forty acres of which is on the river and all of which is well improved. He cleared the land himself except a small portion, which he has reserved for other than agricultural purposes. As a general farmer he has been in an important degree successful. He also owns bank stock and is financially independent. At the time of the Civil war he was drafted into the army but was soon discharged.

In 1848 Mr. Mason was united in marriage to Lucinda Mills, who departed this life twenty years ago. There were nine children born to them : Betsey Jane, Alex Harrison, Sam, Charles, Mary, John H., J. Edward, William G. and Rosa.

Mr. Mason was originally an adherent of the old whig party but when its successor, the republican party, was organized he became a supporter of its principles, to which he has ever since given his vote. He is a stanch and uncompromising advocate of centralized authority and tariff for the protection of American industries. A number of years ago he was a member of the United Brethren church but more recently he transferred his membership to the Methodist church and is a liberal supported of that denomination. The memory of our subject carries him back to pioneer days, when the woods abounded in deer and wolves, many of which he killed in his hunting expeditions, and the country was largely unimproved, markets were far away and money was scarce ; but the settlers bore the inconvenience patiently, believing that all serious obstacles would be overcome. They were not disappointed and today the region, which was once the home of wild animals and wild men, is the abode of thousands of happy families. It is to men like James Mason that this wonderful transformation is mainly due and his friends, who are many, earnestly hope that he may still have before him many years of ease and comfort.

James C. Phillippe

James C. Phillippe, living in a beautiful home in Bicknell and in charge of a flourishing business which he himself founded, may be truly designated as one of the substantial citizens of Knox county. He was born in Bicknell, May 10, 1875, and is a son of John and Catherine (Thompson) Phillippe. The father was also a native of this county and a son of Peter and Mary (Fox) Phillippe, the grandfather having been born in Wythe county, Virg^inia. John Phillippe, settled upon a farm south of Bicknell many years ago and is still living there. The beloved mother departed this life in 1897. They were the parents of six children : Adam, a farmer, living near Vincennes ; Charles A., a record of whom appears elsewhere in this work ; Edgar, now in the furniture and undertaking business at Bicknell; Maude, the wife of Da!

James C. Philippe received a good education at Bicknell, passing through the various graded and high schools. After leaving school he taught for three years and then devoted his attention to farming in Vigo township for five years, succeeding so well that in 1905 he had acquired a capital that enabled him to embark in the piano business at Bicknell, also handling a complete line of other musical instruments. Since 1908 he has devoted his attention principally to the sale of pianos, being the only piano dealer in the place. He has built up a large and profitable trade, as he handles instruments and goods of the very best class. He makes a specialty of the Baldwin piano, of which he is a great admirer and which has an extensive sale in this locality. He is the owner of a fine residence on Main street and retains his interest in the home estate, the division having been made when the father retired.

In 1902 Mr. Phillippe was united in marriage, at Bicknell, to Miss Bessie Chambers, a daughter of Lee Chambers, of Steen township, this county. Three children have blessed this union, Lowren Kenneth, Byron Gilbert and Maurice, all of whom are at home.

Mr. Phillippe gives his adherence to the democratic party and is an earnest advocate of its principles and candidates. He is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America and of the Methodist Episcopal church of Bicknell. In his wife he has found a worthy companion, who has nobly performed her part not only in the discharge of her household duties but as a sympathetic adviser in all matters pertaining to the family interests. They are both greatly esteemed in the community, where they have many friends and well wishers.

John S. Wells

For thirty-two years past a resident of Bicknell, John S. Wells is closely identified with the interests of the town, and is recognized as one of its most valued citizens. He was born in Barbour county. West Virginia, near the town of Philippi, where the first skirmish of the Civil war was fought, October 20, 1858, and is a son of W. J. and Lucy (Jones) Wells. His father was also a native of Virginia and after his marriage he moved to a farm near Philippi, where he lived in the same house until his death, which occurred in September, 1884. He was a stone cutter by trade and built the bridge standing on the outskirts of Philippi, which was afterward the scene of a bitter fight between the Union and Confederate forces. The mother was born in Wood county, West Virginia, and is still living on the old family homestead, where the subject of this review visits her every five years. There were five children born to Mr. and Mrs.

Wells: Lee Anne, the wife of Spencer Boylen, who lives on a farm adjoining the old homestead; John S., our subject; Alcinda, deceased; Lloyd J., a stone cutter of Parkersburg, West Virginia; and Edwin, residing on the old home place.

John S. Wells was educated in a log schoolhouse near his father's farm, where he sat on split wood benches which had no backs and where his studies were directed by a schoolmaster whose principal qualification seemed to be wielding of the birch rod rather than knowledge of books. Later our subject possessed the advantage of attendance at the high school of Philippi and began his active career as clerk in a local store. At twenty years of age, believing that more favorable conditions lay westward, he came to Bicknell, which was then a village of about one hundred and fifty persons. Here he engaged as clerk in the only drug store the town afiforded, but at the end of two years purchased the stock, to which he has since added, also branching out into the sale of wall paper, paints and oils, books, etc., until he has one of the most completely appointed establishments of the kind in the county. He also carries a large line of jewelry and is the leading dealer in that line in Bicknell. A few years ago he purchased an acre of land on South Main street, commanding a fine view of the business center of Bicknell, and there he erected a beautiful home, which he now occupies. He is at the present time erecting two residences in the town, having strong faith in the development of the place which he years ago adopted as his home. He is also extensively interested in real estate in Vincennes.

In 1880 Mr. Wells was happily united in marriage to Miss Mary R. Byers, a member of one of the old-time families of Knox county, whose brother, David Byers, is court bailiff at Vincennes. Three children have blessed the union: Myrtle L., the wife of Bert Hollingsworth, a representative of the Prudential Insurance Company at Vincennes ; Dallas L., who married Ethel Gilmore and is now engaged in the carpenter trade at Bicknell; and Gayle L., at home.

Mr. Wells is professionally a member of the National Association of Druggists. Politically he is in sympathy with the democratic party, and although he has never sought public ofifice, his opinions and support are always in demand by democratic aspirants of the county. He has for many years been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Bicknell, and has passed through all the chairs of the lodge, having held a seat in the grand lodge as early as fifteen years ago. He was a charter member of the Tribe of Ben Hur of Bicknell, and is now treasurer of that organization. He is a firm believer in the authority of the Bible, and is at the present time serving as trustee of the Methodist Episcopal church.

Mr. Wells began in Bicknell when it was a struggling village and has witnessed its development until it has become one of the flourishing centers of the county. He has ably assisted in the good work and has fairly earned the fortune he now enjoys. Always just in his deaHngs, he has made many friends and acquaintances throughout the county and his name is inseparably associated with the prosperity of a town to whose upbuilding he has devoted the best energies of his life.

Simon Winkler

Simon Winkler is well known as a representative of both commercial and agricultural interests, for he is a partner in the Winkler Mercantile Company of Emison and is also the owner of a valuable farm property of two hundred and eighty-five acres in Busseron township. His birth occurred in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, November 24, 1844. His father, Joseph Winkler, was a native of Switzerland and remained in the land of the Alps until after he had attained his majority and was married. He wedded Katherine Kiger, and they had eight children, of whom Simon was the youngest. Some of the children were born in Switzerland. Accompanied by his family Joseph Winkler left the old world, attracted by the opportunities which he heard were to be found on this side the Atlantic, and coming to the United States, he settled in Tuscarawas county, Ohio.

It was in the schools of his native city that Simon Winkler acquired his education and when a young man he left Ohio for Indiana, settling in Daviess county, where he remained for several years. He then came to Knox county, where he arrived about 1866 and in the intervening period, covering fortyfour years, he has continued to live within its borders, making for himself a creditable position in business circles and enjoying at all times the confidence and good will of his fellowmen. He first located in Johnson township, where he remained for many years, during which period he became the owner of a nice farm ,which he brought under a high state of cultivation. In 1885, however, he removed to Busseron township, where he has since engaged in farming. He has not confined his eflforts entirely, however, to the work of tilling the soil, for he is identified with merchandising, being still a member of the Winkler Mercantile Company, owning and controlling one of the leading commercial enterprises in the town of Emison. The trade of the house is extensive and returns a substantial annual income to the stockholders. He is also the owner of a good home in Emison and is financially interested in the German National Bank. His farm property comprises two hundred and eighty-five acres in Busseron township and is supplied with all modern equipments and conveniences that facilitate farm work. There are good buildings upon the place and everything about the farm presents a neat and thrifty appearance, which indicates the careful and practical supervision of an owner whose work is the embodiment of a progressive spirit.

On the 27th of August, 1865, occurred the marriage of Mr. Winkler and Miss Susan Cavness, of Daviess county, Indiana, and unto them have been born six children but only four of the number are now living: Claude C, who married Nellie Shugard and lives in Vincennes ; Bertha A. and John O., _who are at home with their parents; and Roscoe D., a resident of Emison, who married Edna Prigg and has one son, Marvin R., now three years old. Hiram O., the eldest of the family, died in 1906, leaving a widow and five children, Elsie, Herbert, Allan, Marie and Ruth, all living near Emison.

Mr. Winkler holds membership in the Methodist Episcopal church and his political faith is that of the republican party. He ranks with the prominent men of Busseron township is active and energetic and ever alert to business opportunities. He has made good use of the advantages that have come to him and as the years have passed his progress has proven his worth, his perseverance and his sound business judgment.

Frank E. Adams

Frank E. Adams, owner of a highly improved farm of one hundred and fifty acres in Knox county and one of its progressive young men, was born in Harrison township, this county, October 22, 1884. He is a son of John A. and Emma D. (Guernsey) Adams. His father was also a native of Knox county and here spent his entire life, being one of the successful members of the farming community and owning at the time of his death, in 1908, one hundred acres of excellent land. He was a man of social characteristics and a member of the Knights of Honor, with whose principles of fellowship he was in hearty accord. The family originally came from Pennsylvania and some of its early members were among the pioneers of this state. There were four children in the family of which John A. Adams was a member, the other children being: James, who is now a farmer of Harrison township; Sarah, the wife of Hugh Welton, a farmer of Palmyra township, this county ; and Anthony, a well known real-estate dealer of \'incennes. The mother of our subject was a native of Knox county and a daughter of Charles and Hannah (Smith) Guernsey. Besides herself there was one son in the family, William J., now acting as rural route carrier in the region of Vincennes. To the marriage of John A. and Emma D. Adams two children were born : F. E., our subject; and Charles, who married Othie Dafifrom, and is a farmer of Harrison township.

The subject of this review grew up under the friendly protection of a parental home and gained his early education in the schools of Harrison township, showing an inclination for further advancement and a decided taste for literary acquisitions. He enrolled in the Vincennes high school and was graduated from that institution with the class of 1905, thus acquiring an excellent basis not only for business, but for any study that he might later desire to pursue. After leaving the high school, he be- came an employe of the American Express Company and began at the bottom of the ladder as messenger. In 1906 he was called to Chicago and there continued with the company, showing an efficiency that gave promise of rapid advancement. However, two years ago the death of his father required his presence upon the home farm and he returned to Knox county, where he has since remained.

As a farmer he has shown an ability which enabled him to increase the original holding of one hundred acres by fifty acres, and he has instituted a number of improvements by means of which the annual income will be largely increased. Although just fairly launched in his active career, Mr. Adams has demonstrated the possession of talent which promises success in any worthy undertaking. He is happy in his work and as a publicspirited and capable citizen has gained the respect of all with whom he has come in contact, either in business or social circles.

On the 7th of Septembei, 1910, Mr. Adams was united in marriage to Miss Glenn Setzer, a daughter of Clark E. and Rhoda (Ridgeway) Setzer, of Merom. Indiana. She was educated in the public schools of that city and the Union Christian College, also at Merom.

David Ashley

At twenty-six years of age David Ashley began farming for himself in Knox county. Today, after the passage of thirteen years, he is the owner of a highly improved farm in Widner township and is recognized as one of the flourishing business men of this county, who has forged his way to the front by an indomitable will and energy that no difficulty could suppress He was born in Widner township, November 25, 1871, and is a son of John Ashley, who was born in Washington township, this county, June 28, 1828. The grandfather, whose name was also John Ashley, came to Knox county at a very early day and engaged in farming, carrying his produce by water to New Orleans. It was while on one of these trips that he died, leaving a wife and three children. The father of our subject sought a new home after the death of his father with his grandfather, John Widner, one of the first settlers of Widner township and the honored citizen after whom the township was named. He grew up on a farm and in 1854 was married to Mary Colton, a daughter of Alonzo Colton, who came to Indiana from New England. One child, A. C, was the result of this union. The wife departed this life in 1861 and John Ashley on January i, 1862, enlisted in Company D, Twenty-first Indiana Heavy Artillery, to fight under the stars and stripes. He proved to be a true soldier, serving with honor to himself and his noble cause until January 10, 1866, when he was honorably discharged and mustered out of service, returning home with the insignia of first lieutenant upon his shoulders. In 1867, in Knox county, he was married to Trafina Osborn and four children were born to them : NelHe, who became the wife of G. A. Pielemier ; David, of this review ; Elizabeth, the wife of Walter Polk ; and Imo, now attending school. Mr. Ashley was a highly successful farmer and left his family abundantly provided for at the time of his death, which occurred January 20, 1899. He was a man of excellent character and was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church and a willing worker in every cause that aimed to advance the permanent welfare of the community.

The subject of this review was educated in the district schools of Knox county and pursued his studies further in the high school at Oaktown. He early showed a decided talent for agricultural pursuits and at twenty-six years of age, having already gained a thorough knowledge of the details of agriculture and live-stock raising, he began farming and applied himself with such ability and diligence that he now owns a well improved farm of one hundred and fifteen acres, which under his management pays handsome dividends upon the investment. He is also a stockholder in the bank of Oaktown.

On December i, 1897, Mr. Ashley was united in marriage to Miss Mary Walters and they have five children: John, Helen, Wilbur Wilson, Frances and Trafina. Mr. Ashley votes with the republican party, believing that its principles are best adapted to the perpetuity of a free government. He holds membership in the Methodist Episcopal church and socially is identified with the Court of Honor. He has found in his wife a loving assistant in all worthy undertakings and as head of an interesting family he is a warm friend of education and sees that his children are provided with the best advantages the public schools afford. He is an active and inquiring man and, therefore progressive in whatever he undertakes. His farm is well supplied with improved machinery and everything is kept in order. Hence he is moving forward and there is no question that he will be found near the head of the line among the agriculturists of Knox county in the years to come.

The human mind unfolding in the light of truth has been called the most beautiful flower that blooms in the garden of creation. The study of the mind, its powers and possibilities, is one of the most interesting and attractive studies in the world and the discoveries in this important department during recent years mark a new era in human progress. We are reminded of the words of the great American philosopher, Emerson, written more than fifty years ago: "My hope for the human race is as bright as the morning star, for a glory is coming to man such as the most inspired tongue of prophets or poets has never been able to describe."

Dr. Horace Ellis, for the past seven years president of Vincennes University and a teacher whose name is known throughout the land, has devoted his life to the subject of education and is recognized as one of the leading thinkers among the educational forces of the country. His father was for years engaged in the same vocation and the son has possessed every advantage of parents inspired by high ideals, association with the best minds, and school and college training which effectually developed native powers of no ordinary capacity. Alany years of practical experience in the schoolroom and at the head of large educational institutions have assisted in molding and correcting earlier impressions and no man in educational circles of the state is regarded with higher respect by his contemporaries than the one whose name stands at the head of this review.

Horace Ellis was born in Christian county, Illinois, July 9, 1861, although reared in Morgan county, Indiana, where he first attended school. He is the son of Ira and Mary Frances (Ferguson) Ellis. William Ellis, his greatgrandfather and the founder of the family in America, came from Wales previous to the Revolution and served in the patriotic army under Washington. He settled in North Carolina and there was born Evan Ellis, the grandfather of Horace, who emigrated from North Carolina to Indiana in 1833. It is said that he started on the long journey with his family on the morning of the great meteoric shower which startled the people of America and caused many to believe that the world was coming to an end. Mr. Ellis settled first in Rush county, later removing to Greene county. The father of our subject when he grew up located in Morgan county. He was a native of North Carolina but his wife was born in Greene county near where they were married. He was a school teacher and farmer, devoting the latter years of his life to the farm. Both he and his wife were widely recognized for their fidelity and high morals - sentiments which characterized so many of the pioneers of Indiana.

Under the protecting influence of a happy home and in the schools of Morgan county Horace Ellis received his early education. He was a student in the preparatory department and also during the freshman year at Butler University, later attending the Indiana University, from which he was gradu ated with the degree of A. B. in 1896. The year following he received the degree of A. M. from Butler University and in 1900 was awarded the postgraduate degree of Ph. D. from the American University. He holds a life certificate from Indiana which is valid by certification in every state of the Union and a prize greatly desired by educators. At various times he has attended the great universities, where he met the most noted teachers of the western world and pursued his favorite studies. Among the institutions he has attended as a special student are Harvard, Leland Stanford. Jr., University and the University of Chicago. During vacations from college he served as reporter on the Indianapolis Sentinel. He has been an indefatigable student and investigator and has made a number of original discoveries and observations which he has from time to time announced in educational magazines and reviews. He is also a contributor upon literary subjects of a general character. Thirty years ago Dr. Ellis began as a teacher and his time has mainly been devoted to that profession except when attending college or university.

His first experience as a teacher was in a country school, and he later taught successfully in graded, village and high schools of Indiana, advancement coming steadily. For four years he was superintendent of the IndianapoHs suburban schools ; for six years superintendent of the North Vernon, Indiana, schools ; and for four years superintendent of schools at West Lafayette ; also having official connection with Purdue University under the administration of Dr. Smart. For two years he was superintendent of the public schools of Franklin, Indiana, and was then called to Idaho, where from 1902 until 1904 he filled the chair as president of the Idaho State Normal School, which is located at Albion. In 1904 he was invited to return to Indiana as president of Mncennes University, a position he has since occupied with honor to himself and with great acceptance to supporters and students of the institution. The university under his experienced management has flourished as never before and is yearly attracting attendance from a wider field.

Dr. Ellis was united in marriage March 3, 1887, to Miss Grace Vinton Mapes, a daughter of Dr. S. H. and Prunette N. Mapes of Lawrence, Marion county, Indiana. She was born in New York. January 19, 1867, and was educated in the Indianapolis public schools and Butler University, where she excelled in mathematics and literature. She has a special gift of poetical imagination, in which she often happily indulges. She has furnished the magazines with some rare contributions and is recognized as a lady of unusual accomplishments, intellectually and socially. Her father. Dr. Mapes, was one of the noted physicians of Indianapolis, serving for years as president of the Marion County Medical Association and also as president of the United States pension examining board. In the Civil war he gained much distinction as a first surgeon. Two children have blessed the union of Dr. and Mrs. Ellis: Max Mapes Ellis, who married Marion Lee Durbin; and Ira Howell Ellis. Max Ellis and his wife are connected with the zoological department of the Indiana University, having charge of the biologic station at Winona Lake. He is at the head of the Gimbel expedition to British Guiana during the years of 1910 and 191 1. This expedition is studying the ichthyology of the Orinoco and Amazon rivers.

Although not a politician. Dr. Ellis is in sympathy with the principles of the republican party. He was a nominee for the office of state superintendent of public instruction of Indiana during the campaign of 1910 but was not successful. He is a member of the Indiana College Presidents Association and of the Masonic order and has taken all the degrees of that order up to and including the Knights Templar. He is now prelate of the Vincennes commandery. In church relations he is a Methodist. Being a man of genial presence, good judgment and wide reading, he has made many friends not only in the teaching profession but in all the principal walks of life. He is an eloquent and fluent speaker and as a public lecturer his services are in constant demand and he could easily devote his entire time to that work. From a country school teacher to the presidency of a university is a long step ; but such a step is not made by chance. Dr. Ellis has fairly won all the honors which have come to him and now, in the prime of life and usefulness, he is daily attempting to perform his duty not only to the university but in all the relations of membership in the great brotherhood of man. His work and influence are entirely in harmony with the lessons which he learned at the humble fireside of an early Indiana home; and these lessons have brought what they will always bring, when rightly obeyed, a "peace of mind" which not only is synonymous with happiness but is that ideal condition which "passeth understanding."

Johx L. Doxaldsox

The banking interests of Bicknell are ably represented by John L. Donaldson, who for ten years past has filled the position of cashier of the Citizens Bank of that place. He was born on a farm near Wheatland, Knox county, December 6, 1865. and is a son of Winthrop F. and Susan (Staley) Donaldson. The father was also a native of Knox county, and was one of its most substantial farmers. He departed this life in 1876. The mother was born in Pennsylvania and came to Knox county, where she was married. She also died in 1876. Seven children blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Donaldson : Lillie, the wife of W. S. Williams, a farmer living near Vincennes; J. L., our subject; Eli, now in the restaurant business at Bicknell; Maggie, th;; wife of B. F. Byers, sheriff of Knox county; Charles, formerly of Peoria, Illinois, and now deceased; Anna, deceased; and Sanford, a farmer living near Wheatland. Mr. Donaldson, Sr., contracted a marriage previous to the one mentioned above, and there were four children born to that union : Mary, deceased ; William, of \'incennes ; George W., now in the buggy business at \'incennes ; and Amanda, deceased.

John L. Donaldson was educated in the district schools and at eighteen years of age began devoting his attention to farming. After one and onehalf years he took up his residence at Bicknell and was employed as clerk in a store for eighteen months. Having acquired a good general knowledge of mercantile affairs, he purchased a half interest in the business, to which he devoted his attention until 1900, having in the meantime acquired ownership of the entire concern. This he still retains, but for ten years past he has been giving his close personal attention, as cashier, to the Citizens Bank, of which he was one of the organizers and which has become one of the flourishing and well established financial institutions of Knox county, the officers being: R. M. Robison of Vincennes, president; G. W. Donaldson, vice president; J. L. Donaldson, cashier; and X". P. Sartor, assistant cashier. Mr. Donaldson is also vice president of the Citizens Building & Loan Association of Bicknell, and is the owner of about twenty

In 1893 our subject was united in marriage to Miss Maude Ballou, of Bicknell, and two children have come to brighten the household : Wayne R. and Byron W., both of whom are students in the public school. Mr. Donaldson ever since arriving at the age of manhood has given his adherence to the republican party. Although he has not sought public office, preferring to concentrate hij attention on business pursuits, he has been serving most acceptably as president of the town board since 1909. He is a member of the blue lodge and chapter of the Masonic order at Bicknell, he and his wife were charter members of the local chapter of the Order of the Eastern Star.

Mr. Donaldson is a man of fine business ability, and is regarded as one of the safest advisers in matters of investment that is to be met in this part of Knox county. Having grown up in the county and made a special study of its resources and possibilities, he has had advantages not possessed by many persons, and his judgment is seldom at fault. He belongs to the class of men who establish the great industries and form the basis of modern financial, commercial and business life.

Although in his early business life Alvin Tracy McClure rented land because his capital was insufficient to enable him to purchase property, he is now the owner of valuable farm land in Busseron township, his possessions aggregating two hundred and twenty acres. He was born in Knox county, April 12, 1835. His father, John A. McClure, was a native of Kentucky, and when a young man crossed the Ohio river into Indiana, establishing his home in Knox county, where he followed farming. He was located in Busseron township, and it was upon the old homestead there that his son Alvin was born. The father was three times married. He first wedded Jane McClure who, though of the same name, was not a relative. They had no children, but followering her death, Mr. McClure married Miss Eliza Ann Haddon of Sullivan county, Indiana. They became the parents of three children: Thornton S., \'irginia Haddon and Alvin Tracy.

The last named is indebted to the district school system of Knox county for the educational privileges which he enjoyed. He was reared to farm work, receiving practical training in the best methods of cultivating the fields and caring for the stock. He aided his father until he had attained his majority and then started out in life for himself, renting a tract of land. He carefully cultivated this property until he had saved from his earnings a sufficient sum to enable him to purchase a farm. After renting for five years he invested in fifty acres in Busseron township, on which he still resides. This did not content him, however, and he added to his land from time to time until he is now the owner of two hundred and twenty acres, constituting one of the rich and valuable farms of this part of the state. He has brought his fields under a high state of cultivation and the land, naturally rich and productive, yields to him splendid harvests. There are good buildings upon his place and he has secured many modern equipments including the latest improved machinery.

In 1859 Mr. McClure was united in marriage to Miss Martha Phillips and unto them were born six children, of whom five are still living: Hannibal Hamlin; William; Henry; Myrtle, who became the wife of Virgil Morgan; and Marrietta, who wedded Claude Williams.

Mr. McClure belongs to the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and his life is in harmony with his professions. He is a man of kindly spirit, of generous disposition, and of honorable purpose, and his many salient traits of character have won him high regard and warm friendships. Moreover, his industry has brought to him a substantial measure of success, and he is now classed with the representative and valued agriculturists of his native county.

Eli M. Donaldson

Eli M. Donaldson, who is identified with the business interests of Bicknell, but devotes a large part of his time to training dogs, was born in Steen township, Knox county, September 7, 1867. He is a son of Winthrop F. and Susan (Staley) Donaldson and a brother of John L. Donaldson, a record of whom appears elsewhere in this work.

Mr. Donaldson was educated in the district schools of Steen township and reared under the parental roof, his parents, however, having been called away when he was ten years of age. As a lad of fifteen he began his struggle with the world and for five years engaged in farming in Steen township. However, he was not entirely happy upon the farm, so he accepted a clerkship in the general store of his half-brother, G. W. Donaldson, at Bicknell. In this position he continued for one year, when his brother, John L., purchased the business, our subject remaining in the establishment under the new management for a period of two years. He next engaged in mining, which he followed for about six years. He was born with a love for animals, especially dogs, and from his bo3'hood has always had control over dogs which ordinarily people do not possess. This unusual faculty, which is born in the individual and can be cultivated only to a moderate degree, he now decided to put to practical use and he began devoting his entire time to the training of dogs, in which he has since engaged with marked success, having gained a wide reputation in

In 1888 Mr. Donaldson was happily united in marriage at Bicknell to Miss Minnie E. Wilson, a niece of Richard Freeman, who is known as the father of the Bicknell coal mines. Two children have been born to this union, Bonnie Ethel and Carl Eli, both of whom are at home. Politically Mr. Donaldson is in thorough sympathy with the republican party and is a stanch supporter of its candidates. He and his entire family are valued members of the Christian church and active workers in every laudable undertaking which gives promise of enhancing the comfort and permanent happiness of those with whom they are associated.

John T. Scott

One of the best known and most highly respected men of Knox county is John T. Scott, auditor of the county since 1904, and a public official whose record has been a credit to himself and the public which he so acceptably represents. He is a native of the county and here grew up, later engaging in business and gaining a practical knowledge of men and methods which was a good preparation for the responsibility which he now discharges. A man of genial manner, just discrimination and safe judgment, he was naturally attracted to a position which calls for the constant exercise of trained business discernment and the ability to meet men of all classes and exercise due care in conserving the interests of the county. Mr. Scott was endowed by worthy parents with a goodly heritage of common sense which after all is one of the most valuable boons that can be granted to a human being, and is often worth more than money or lands. No man in the county stands higher in the estimation of friends and acquaintances and the records of his office show that he deserves their full confidence.

He was born in Widner township - named after his grandfather, one of the pioneers of the county - on the 24th of September, 1861. It was the year of the beginning of the great conflict for the Union, and Indiana was in the throes of excitement as her sons enrolled their names in the army and marched away by thousands and tens of thousands, willingly making every sacrifice for a cause they held to be sacred. Mr. Scott was the son of James and Salina (Wallace) Scott, both natives of Sullivan county, Indiana. James Scott came to Knox county in his boyhood with his father, Charles Scott, the family locating upon a farm. The father of our subject became a successful farmer, and was well known as an active worker in the democratic party. He served as a township official, and also as county commissioner During his term as commissioner the erection of a courthouse was broached, and he was one of the leading advo- cates of the improvement. Owing to ill health he resigned from that office. He departed this life at the age of fifty-six, in 1876. His wife is still living at the advanced age of seventy-seven years. Seven children were born to them, six of whom are now living.

John T. Scott was educated in the public schools of Freelandville, and as his inclination and talents indicated a business rather than an agricultural career, he turned his attention to the drug trade. For fifteen years he was a member of the firm of Berry & Scott, and there displayed the qualities that have contributed most to his success in a wider field. His sympathies and support have always been with the democratic party, and in November, 1899, he was appointed deputy county auditor under J. D. Williams, the successful democratic candidate. In 1904 ^Ir. Williams retired and Mr. Scott was appointed to fill the vacancy. At the November election of 1906 he was elected as auditor, and has since served in that position.

On August 2d, 1885, Mr. Scott was united in marriage to Mary A. Cox, a daughter of Henry C. and Jane (Parker) Cox, both of whom were natives of Knox county. Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Scott: Edith, Bonnie, Glenn, Byron and Percy. The parents are members of the Christian church and are among the prominent members of the community whose influence is ever for the advancement of young or old, regardless of church, political or social affiliations.

It has been wisely said that one of the most beautiful flowers that unfolds in the universe is the unblemished human character. A leading object in the career of Mr. Scott has been the cultivation of the better faculties and the attainment of high ideals. Judged by the position he occupies in the estimation of those who personally know him, the object in an important measure has been achieved.

Edgar N. Haskins

No field in America presents a more attractive prospect for usefulness to the mind naturally imbued with a love for humanity than the field of education. So thought Edgar N. Haskins, now superintendent of schools of Knox county, when he entered upon his business career fifteen years ago, and he has seen no reason to reverse his opinion. From the start he earned the money to pay his way through the various schools necessary in the thorough education of the up-to-date teacher and at the feet of some of the most noted teachers and scholars of the present day he has gathered the flowers of wisdom fit to be woven into a beautiful garland of highest ornament and use through life.

Mr. Haskins is a native of Dubois county, Indiana, born on a farm near Jasper, September 18, 1876. His father, Nenian Haskins, removed to Du- bois county when a boy with his parents, who were among the early settlers of southern Indiana. The family removed from South Carolina in the great tide of immigration that has been flowing westward from the Atlantic coast for more than a hundred years. The mother of our subject, Sarah (Hopkins) Haskins, was born and reared in Dubois county, Indiana, near Jasper. She had seven children, Edgar N. being fifth in order of birth. His father was reared as a farmer and became a veterinary surgeon and stockman. He was born February 5, 1844, and is now living in active pursuit of his business and profession at the age of sixty-six. He served as recorder of Dubois county from 1882 to 1890 and is a man greatly liked by his friends and has a large circle of acquaintances among the best people of the county.

The education of Edgar N. Haskins began at home but was industriously continued in the public schools and later at the Indiana State Normal School at Terre Haute and the State University. Had he been satisfied with mediocre acquirements he would have preferred an easy life, perhaps as a districtschool teacher. Imbued by a great longing to push ahead, without which there is little advancement in any calling, he taught school in the country districts, beginning at the age of seventeen, and earned money to pay for a higher education. No student at the State Normal was more faithful in the preparation of his lessons and the result is seen in the success that has attended his work in any responsibility he has attempted to discharge. He secured the A. B. degree from the university in 1907 but previously he had taught with great acceptance in the high schools of Knox county, at Monroe City and Oaktown. For three years he occupied the position of professor of education at Vincennes university and was elected county superintendent in May, 1909, which position he now fills.

In March, 1901, Mr. Haskins was united in marriage to Miss Bessie Lee Chambers, a native of Knox county and a daughter of William and Adeline (Price) Chambers. The family on both sides is of pioneer ancestry and well known throughout this region. Mr. Haskins has brought to the position he now occupies a sympathy for his work and a trained mind which prophesies most favorably as to results. His earlier experience as a pupil and teacher in the district schools is of great benefit, and a love of his profession and ability to know the wants of the young mind and to gauge its powers is not the least of his qualifications. He is fully in sympathy with the application of the most approved methods of instruction and recognizes that the public schools are the foundation upon which the civilization of America is built. Under his supervision four new school buildings are being erected at a total cost of eighty-five thousand dollars. He is paying special attention to advancement of the standard of the high schools in the various townships of the county according to the new law. He is popular with teachers and pupils and during his term of office has made a pronounced impression for good in all parts of the county.

In religious affiliation Mr. Haskins is a Presbyterian and in all the responsibilities of life his desire has been from the years of his boyhood to per- form the duties of an honorable citizen and useful member of society. As a teacher in an influential position he commands the respect and esteem of all who know him, and as a gentleman and scholar he is regarded as a safe model for the imitation of a generation upon whose shoulders will in years to come rest the burden of the nation.

John W. Emison, Jr

Some men are instinctively drawn to public life. They are born with the capacity for leadership and to those men no country in the world offers such opportunities for advancement to important positions as America. Notwithstanding the defects in our system of government, talent and aggressiveness when assisted by clear judgment receive their due recognition and in public life are found many of the ablest men of America. Among those who are recognized as important factors in the political affairs of Knox county may be named John W. Emison, who has served for the past five years as postmaster of Vincennes and was recently reappointed to the position. He is one of the best known citizens of Knox county and in business as well as in politics has won his way to merited distinction.

Mr. Emison was born in Knox county, June 21, 1863, a son of John W. and Sarah (Dunning) Emison, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this volume. He received his preliminary education in the common schools and later became a student at De Pauw University. After laying his books aside he returned to the farm and applied himself to agriculture and stock-raising with very favorable results, becoming one of the important factors in the farming interests of the county. At twenty-nine years of age, being attracted to mercantile life, he came to Vincennes and entered the hardware and agricultural implement business under the firm name of Simpson, Emison & Lane. After a few years, having been deprived by death of his two partners, Mr. Emison conducted the business alone, but at the end of three years sold an interest to W. J. Nickelson. He is also identified with a number of other business enterprises and is vice president of the Princeton Milling Company, of Princeton, Indiana, and a member of the board of directors of the Knox County Telephone Company. On December 16, 1905, he was appointed postmaster of Vincennes and was reappointed to the office January 20. 1 910.

On May 16. 1889, Mr. Emison was united in marriage to Miss Mary D. Simpson, of this county, a daughter of A. C. and Margaret (McCord) Simpson. The father was a well known farmer of Knox county and is now deceased. Three children have blessed the home of Mr. and Mrs. Emison: John Clinton, born March 9. 1890, and now a student in the senior class of De Pauw University, who represented the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity at the national convention of the organization at Toledo : Richard, born November

Mr. Emison has for many years taken an active interest in pohtics and from the time of reaching manhood has been identified with the repubHcan party. He became prominent in its councils and for two terms filled the office of chairman of the county central committee. He is a valued member of the Methodist church, in which he now fills the position of trustee, and is socially connected with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Tribe of Ben Hur and the Phi Kappa Psi, a college fraternity. He is a man of fine education, having early in life possessed excellent advantages of mental training. He made a good start at the beginning of his business career and has never turned backward. Of an optimistic temperament, intelligent, progressive and thoroughly earnest in everything he undertakes, he has a large circle of acquaintances and enjoys a reputation as a man of good judgment and one who possesses those attributes that belong tO' a good citizen. It is safe to prophecy that he will never lend his influence to anything which in his opinion is not to the advantage of the community.

Clarence B. Kessinger

It is a mistake to imagine that a man belongs to himself. A little consideration will show that he belongs in an important degree to the community in which he lives, to bis family and to those interests that are alive to the permanent welfare of others. Clarence B. Kessinger early learned that he owed a duty to others and his life has largely been influenced by an altruism that seeks to make easier the rugged paths that He in the way of a majority of the human race. As president of a hospital, member of the Childrens Board of Guardians and trustee of the Orphans Home, he has exercised an influence in ameliorating the ills of both sexes and all ages, and the lives of the young, in a degree not known ordinarily to men of important business or professional affairs. This work has been to him a duty lightly to be borne and in no sense a burden, as it is the expression of a kindly nature with which he was endowed by worthy parents.

Mr. Kessinger is a native of Bruceville, Indiana, born April 28, 1859. He is the son of William M. Kessinger, who is still living at the age of eighty-three, and Margaret J. Kessinger, who was called away in 1905, at the age of seventy-one years. He received his preliminary education in the public schools and then attended the Vincennes high school, from which he was graduated in 1878. It is an old saying that where there is a will there is a way, and the young man just entering the doorway of an active career, decided to adopt the legal profession as his life work. After the usual course of study, in which he showed an aptitude which was prophetic of future success, lie was admitted to the bar and began practice at Vin- cennes in 1884. During the time that has since elapsed, a period of twentysix years, he has continued in practice in the community where he made his start, and in a high sense has attained an important place at the bar of Knox county. The happy possessor of business judgment which is not always an accompaniment of acknowledged professional ability, he is interested in a rolling mill, in farming and in coal mining and has attained a gratifying reputation in the business world. Habits of industry, capacity to grasp and hold the principles of his profession, and a facility in presenting the salient points in any case so as to interest and convince the court or jury, have been among the important elements in the success of Mr. Kessinger at the bar. In the course of many years of contact with others he has made a wide acquaintance not only in Knox county, but in many other parts of the state and his advice has been sought in many matters of importance. He is known as one of the safest counselors, and as an attorney who will not accept a case unless he feels that the cause is based upon law and reason.

On April 28, 1891, Mr. Kessinger was united in marriage to Miss Inez M. Harris, a daughter of Dr. F. M. and Catharine Harris, of Vincennes. but she died July 17, 1899. Two daughters survive, Katharine and Dorothy.

Mr. Kessinger is a consistent member of the Christian church and also holds membership in the Masonic order and the Pastime Club. In politics he is independent, but has never been a seeker for public office. In all affairs pertaining to the permanency and well being of the city he takes an active interest as is shown by his position in connection with the Art Association and the city cemetery. In those traits of character that shine out brighter under difficulty or adversity he is largely endowed and no hand is more ready than his to respond to worthy calls for assistance. As an unassuming influence for good, few could claim precedence in \'incennes over the generous-hearted and respected representative of the bar whose name stands at the head of this review.

Sherman G. Davenport

It has often been remarked that the man who never does anything he doesn't want to do, develops no character. There is no royal road to the attainment of an upright and noble character, unassailable to temptation. to indifference or slothfulness, even in its subtler forms, and persistent in its demands for opportunity and place for the exercise of trained judgment and tried ability. Sherman G. Davenport is a practical exemplification of self-conquest through self-help and the attainment of a laudable ambition to occupy a useful and honorable position among his fellowmen. This position has been reached, as it almost invariably must be, through careful

Born on a farm in Pike county, Indiana, December 25, 1866, Mr. Davenport possessed the inestimable advantage of being reared in close contact with nature, thus building a good foundation physically for hard work as a student and at the bar. He is the son of George W. and Elizabeth (De Bruler) Davenport, his father being of English Puritan and his mother of French Huguenot descent. This combination has been regarded by genealogists and historians as one of the best in the world. George W. Davenport was the son of William C. Davenport whose father, Chappell Davenport of Virginia, was a brother of Colonel William Davenport, who served in the United States army in the war of 1812, and died in Philadelphia. The mother of our subject was the daughter of William G. De Bruler, whose father, Charles De Bruler, emigrated from North Carolina at an early day. The paternal great-grandfather of Mr. Davenport was the owner of a large plantation in Virginia and also an extensive slave owner, but his property was lost to the family by the Civil war. The younger generation of Davenports in Indiana sympathized fully with the cause of the Union and George W. Davenport and three of his brothers served in the Federal army.

Mr. Davenport, of this review, attended the common schools until he was about seventeen years of age, when he had advanced sufficiently in the various branches to be able to pass examination as a teacher. For four years he taught school, at the same time being a diligent student of history and literature and acquiring a fund of knowledge both from books and human nature that has assisted in no small degree in his further advancement. Having a logical mind and not being attracted to teaching as a life work, he turned his attention to the legal profession as a promising field for the full exercise of his powers. He entered the law office of A. A. Ely of Petersburg, Pike county, and there pursued the study of law during the years 1888 and 1889. Upon being admitted to the bar. he formed a partnership with Mr. Ely, which continued until the senior member of the firm went to the bench as judge of the circuit court in 1895. Mr. Davenport then practiced alone in Petersburg for ten years, during which time he built up a large clientage and became known throughout the county as one of its most promising attorneys.

In March, 1905, seeking a wider field, he formed a partnership with Hon. John Wilhelm and removed to Vincennes, where he soon gained recognition as one of its most energetic and capable practitioners. Each step in his career has given him a wider outlook, has been accompanied by a deeper appreciation of responsibilities and has found him capable in a larger degree for the duties of his profession. From his entrance into public life an adherent of the democratic party, he has contributed to the extent of his ability upon the platform and in the support of men and measures at all times that commanded his confidence and respect. As a stump speaker he is forceful and effective, possessing as he does a clear understanding of the issues and the happy knack of catching and holding the attention of his auditors even under trying circumstances. Not an officeseeker, he has always responded with alacrity to the call of friends and has made many lasting friendships by his disinterested endeavors in their behalf. In questions pertaining to national affairs, many of which are now of world-wide significance, Mr. Davenport is thoroughly at home, and while he is conservative in his interpretations, he is not one who will shield the wrong-doer even though he be of his own family. He has been a lifelong student of the principles of Washington, Jefferson and Lincoln, and holds those public men in highest reverence who have sacrificed most for the public good. In social affiliations he is actively identified with Tecumseh Camp, No. 3945, of the Modern Woodmen of America, which is located at Vincennes. He fills the position of venerable consul of the camp, the highest local office in the order. He is also a member of the F"irst Presbyterian church of Vincennes, and is known as a consistent follower of an organization whose teachings are heard in all civilized countries and in many distant regions still under the thrall of barbarism.

On September 10, 1903, at Louisville, Kentucky, Mr. Davenport was united in marriage with Aliss Eva W. Bruner, a daughter of Henry C. and Jane E. (Whitcomb) Bruner. Her father, now deceased, was a native of Pennsylvania, but removed to Louisville, Kentucky, where he for many years was a wholesale and retail produce merchant. Mrs. Bruner was a member of the same family as was Governor Whitcomb of Indiana. Two children have blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Davenport : Lyndon Lee, born October 23, 1906; and Edwin Alan, born May 5, 1910. The family circle is one where peace and happiness have their abode and the children are being reared under conditions most favorable for the development of upright character and sturdy purpose, which have been the salient characteristics of their father. While Mr. Davenport ranks with the leading attorneys of Vincennes. he shirks no responsibility appealing to the spirit of generosity or philanthropy inherent in the breast of every true citizen, and in all problems arising in a busy life attempts to perform his duty.

John G. Hart

The men who fought for the L'nion when its life was assailed will always be greatfully remembered by friends of liberty. John G. Hart, who has engaged for more than twenty years in the drug business at Bicknell, wore the blue, and is recognized by his friends and acquaintances as a man who always stands fearlessly for his convictions and is as patriotic today as he was fortyfive years ago when patriotism meant service in line of battle. He was born in Spencer county, Indiana, November 26, 1845, and is a son of Henry and Maria (Bryant) Hart. The father was born in Owensboro, Kentucky, and came to Indiana in the pioneer days about 1825. He located near Rockport, Spencer county, but moved to Livingston county, Illinois, in 1856, where he lived for four years. In i860 he returned to Indiana, locating in Fountain county, and in 1870 became a citizen of Knox county. He lived on a farm six miles southwest of Vincennes until his death, which occurred in 1876. He was a very prosperous farmer and was always highly respected by those with whom he came in contact. Politically he adhered to the republican party. He was a man of strong religious convictions and a consistent member of the Methodist church. The mother was a native of Fountain county. She wa.s married in 1844 and was called from earthly scenes in 1894. There were six children in the family : J. G., our subject ; James, of Arkansas ; D. M., of Wisconsin; Josephine, of Champaign, Illinois; B. J., of St. Louis: and W. H., also of St. Louis.

John G. Hart was educated in the district schools and grew up under the kindly influences of a happy home. In May, 1861, although he was not yet seventeen years of age, he enlisted in Company I, Twentieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, for a period of three years. The regiment was sent to the front and participated in the battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh and in a number of less important engagements. During the siege of Vicksburg, while making a charge on the enemy, Private Hart received a wound in the forearm which rendered him unfit for further military service and from which he never fully recovered. He was honorably discharged November i, 1863, and after returning home resumed his school studies and for one year was a student in the seminary at Perrysville, Indiana. After leaving the seminary he devoted his attentions to farming in Knox county until 1881, when he moved to Bicknell and established a meat market, which he conducted for eight years. Since 1889 he has been identified with the drug business, having been in this line more successive years than any other druggist in Bicknell. He carries a well selected stock of drugs, paints, oils, wall paper, stationery, etc., and is now at the head of one of the most completely equipped establishments of the kind in the county. He owns the commodious home in which he lives on North Main street.

In 1868 Mr. Hart was united in marriage to Miss Virginia Keith, of Perrysville, Indiana. Three children were born to the union, Maude, May and Myrtle, all of whom are deceased. Mr. Hart is a member of the Indiana Retail Druggists Association and of the Grand Army of the Republic, having filled all of the ofifices of the local post. He also holds membership in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the encampment and the Rebekahs and has passed through all of the chairs in the subordinate lodge and encampment. Politically he is a stanch adherent of the republican party and, although he has not been an office seeker, he served with general acceptance as township assessor for four years. He is a firm believer in the fundamental principles upon which the American republic is founded and a consistent advocate of honesty and square dealing in public as well as private affairs. He has the happy faculty of making and retaining friends and no man in Knox county is more highly respected by those who know him than the gentleman whose life record is herewith presented.

W. V. Barr, St., a well known hotel and livery man of Bicknell, is a native of Knox county, having been born at Bruceville, April 25, 1854. He is a man of large experience, honorable and straightforward in business, who by his affable and courteous manner has made many friends not only in the community where he lives but among the traveling public generally. He is a son of William V. and Sarah J. (Piety) Barr. The father was born in Daviess county, Indiana, and came to Knox county in his boyhood, where he lived until his death, which occurred when our subject was two weeks old. He was a tailor by trade. Grandfather Robert Barr was a pioneer of Daviess and Knox counties. The mother was born in Knox county and is a daughter of William Piety who took up his home in Indiana when the Indians were roaming at large over the country. Mrs. Barr was married in Knox county and is now living at an advanced age in Salem, Oregon. There were two children in the family, the elder of whom was called away early in life and the younger is the subject of this review. Mrs. Barr was married a second time, her husband being J. M. Woodruff, of Johnson county, Indiana. By her second marriage she was the mother of five children : Alice May ; James M., now living at Los Angeles, California, and identified with wireless telegraphy; Rose L.. with her mother in Oregon; Benjamin, of Johnson county, Indiana ; and Piety, deceased.

W. V. Barr was educated in the public schools and later took a course of six months in bookkeeping at Butler University. He began his active career upon the farm in Knox county, continuing for four years, at the end of which time he removed to Bruceville where he conducted a store for five years. However, he was again attracted to farming pursuits and spent thirteen years cultivating the soil and raising stock for the market. In 1899 ^^ came to Bicknell and took charge of a hotel and livery establishment, being now at the head of the oldest business of the kind in Bicknell. By good management and careful attention to the wants of the public, he has built up a patronage which is a credit to himself and has proven of marked benefit to the community.

In 1877 Mr. Barr was united in marriage to Miss Rebecca Willis and unto them nine children were born : Jennie, deceased ; Walter C, now a bookkeeper and secretary of a coal company at Jasonville, Greene county, Indiana; Elsie M., the wife of Loren Roysdale. of Bicknell ; Myrtle R., the wife of Milton Dugger. a farmer, living near Bicknell ; William V., Jr. deceased ;

Mr. Barr is what is known as a "straight" repubhcan and has a firm conviction that the prosperity of the country depends very greatly upon the success of the republican party. He and his family are members of the Christion church, of which he is a deacon and trustee, and in which they are all active workers. Mr. and Mrs. Barr have experienced many joys and sorrows, their deepest sorrows being caused by the visitations of death whose unwelcome messenger called four beloved members of the home circle from earthly scenes. Sustained by an unfaltering trust in Divine Providence, the father and mother await a happy reunion with those from whom they are now separated. Mr. Barr has found in his wife a loving companion whose sympathy and advice have been to him of incalculable value.

Frank F. Plass

Although a young man, Frank F. Plass is widely and favorably known as a representative of the agricultural and financial interests of Knox county, his time and attention being occupied with the cultivation of an extensive farm and with solving the intricate problems of finance in connection with the Farmers & Merchants' Bank of Vincennes.

He was born on the old family homestead on which he resides on the 26th of February, 1882. The property is located on the Evansville road on a switch of the Evansville & Terre Haute Railroad, two miles north of Decker. His parents were Henry and Mary (Bocks) Plass. The father, a native of Germany, came to the new world when thirteen years of age, the voyage across the Atlantic being terminated at New Orleans, whence the family at once traveled northward until they came to Knox county, Indiana, where a settlement was made. It was in this county that Henry Plass was united in marriage to Miss Mary Bocks, and unto them have been born two sons, of whom Frank F. Plass of this review is the elder.