Vincennes Township (part 3 of 14)

The Christian church was organized in 1833. The first members of the church were: Henry D. Wheeler and wife, ]\Irs. Harriet Judah, Dr. John K. Mantle and Stephen Burnet. The congregation worshipped in private houses and in the To^Ti Hall until 1846, when a lot was purchased on Second street and a ])rick church erected. The first trustees of the church were Henry D. Wheeler, John E. Mantle and Alphens Draper. In 1878, the church building was improved by an addition in front and a tower and subsequently a baptistry and pastoral residence were erected. In 1901, Clarence B. Kessinger, one of the members, donated to the congregation a lot on the corner of Third and Broadway streets, upon which it is intended to erect a fine church at an early day. The funds for this ]3urpose are being rapidly gathered. The following persons have been pastors of this church : Elijah Goodwin,' P. K. Dibble, I. ^L :\i:athews, W. W. Eccles, 0. A. Bartholomew, T. T. Holton. W. H. Tiller. Thomas J.

The i)arish of St. James of the Episcopal church was organized by Rt. Rev. Jackson Kemper, October 27, 1839. The following members w^ere elected vestry men: George Davis, George Criiikshank, John Cruikshank, James W. Greenhow, Samuel Langdon, Abner T. Ellis and Joseph Somes. George Davis and James W. Greenhow^ were chosen wardens. Joseph Somes, treasurer and George "W. Eathbone, clerk of the vestry. The use of the Town Hall was obtained and fitted up as a place of worship. Services were commenced to be held in the Town ELall on the 5th February, 1840, and were continued to be held there until August, 1813. A lot was purchased on the corner of Fourth and Busseron streets and on this lot a brick church was erected in 1813, and has been improved from time to time by additions and improvements until it is at present a very imposing church edifice. This church was founded in 1841 and dedicated in August, 1843, by Rev. B. B. Killikelly, D. D., who was the first rector. The following otlier persons have been pastors of the church : Foster Thayer, Mr. Carter,. Mr. Roberts, Dr. Austin and De Lou Burke.

The African Methodist EpiscojDal church was organized about 1845 by Rev. W. F. Quinn. The first members of the church were: Samuel Clark, Cornelius Sims, A. McGill,. James Brunswick, William Johnson, Mary Johnson, Henry Rider, Anna Rider, T. Paryear and H. H. Stewart. Services were first held at the residences of the members. But in 1850 a frame church was erected on the corner of Tenth and Buntin streets. This was succeeded in 18T5 by a brick church on the same lot. The following persons have been pastors of this church : Daniel Winslow, G. W. Johnson, Robert Johnson, James Curtis, Robert Jones, W. R. Revels, Benjamin Hill, Emanuel Williamson, John Turner, B. L. Brook, Levi W. Bass, Thomas Strotter, H. C. Xelson, Madison Pattison, G.

Episcopal Church St. Johns Catholic Church

The African Baptist church was organized here about 1860. A frame church was erected for the congregation on Tenth street and has been occupied 1\v the congregation until the present time.

St. John's Catholic church was organized in 1851. Prior to that time the German Catholics of Vincennes worship]ied at the cathedral. They were served by Charles Opperman in 18-1:6 and afterwards by Conrad Sneiderjeans. In 1851 Xicholas Strauber built the first church of brick on Main street between Eighth and Xinth streets. He was succeeded by Leonard Brandt, and he by William Engeln, who remained until 1863. Eev. Aegidius Merz took charge in September, 1863, and remained until his death in 1897. He made many additions and improvements to the church and also built a pastoral residence and a large school building all of brick. The church property of this congregation, considering its tine location and surroundings, is unquestionably the finest church property in the city. The congregation is also the largest in the city. The present rector is Eev. Meinrad Fleischmann.

St. John's Lutheran church for a number of years held in the Town Hall. A brick church was built on the corner of Eighth and Scott streets and was used for some years by the Lutheran and Evangelical churches jointly. But in 1859 a division of the congregations took place and the Lutherans remained in possession of the church property paying the Evangelical branch a consideration agreed upon for their interest. The present congregation was organized August 29. 1859, by Eev. Peter Senel. He was succeeded by J. D. F. Mayer and he l^y J. W. Mueller. Carl Kretzman is the present pastor. The first brick church was torn down in 1876 and the present substantial edifice erected in its stead. This congregation has a large school Ijuilding and maintains a flourishing school for 1joys and girls, and the church is in a flourishing condition.

St. John's Evangelical church was organized on the separation of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran church in August, 1859, by Eev. C. Hoffmeister. The leading members of the church at the time of organization were : John Hamm, Frederick, Peter and William Eitterskamp, Jacob Breuhans, Louis Bonsil and August Kircher. A frame church was erected in 1862 on the corner of Fifth and Scott streets, and occupied by the congregation until the erection of the splendid brick structure on the corner of Fifth and Shelby streets which is an architectural ornament to the city. This congregation has a large and commodious pastoral residence and a fine school building and maintains schools for 1)oth lioys and girls. This congregation is in a flourishing condition. The following have been pastors of this church: C. Hoffmeistcr, F. Darlitz. William Jung. X. Burkhart. P. Welter, Albert Scliorey and Henry ^lehl.

The Baptist church was organized in 18(30. Meetings were first held in the City Hall and in private residences. The church was formally organized May 1, 1862, with the following membership: Mrs. ^Fary S. Heberd, Mrs. Buck, Mrs. Flora, Mrs. Augustits J. Wise, Miss L. Duree, Miss M. Gillespie, Mrs. L. Gillespie, Eev. J. S. Gillespie and Christian Eallen. A lot was purchased on the corner of Fifth and Broadway streets, and a frame church erected on it which has been used ever since by the congregation. The following persons have been pastors of this church : J. S. Gillespie, L. D. Eobinson, B. F. Cavins, Dr. Stinson, A. Brandenburg, I. H. Butler, T. J. Keith, James E. Wolford and G. W. Law.

St. Eose Chapel in connection with St. Eose Female Academy has a fine place of worship on the corner of Fifth and Seminary streets. Tbis chapel is regularly attended every day

Lutheran Church Evangelical Church

The Baptist congregation divided a few years ago and a portion separated from the main Ijody and formed a new congregation called the Immanuel Holiness Baptist church. Eev. Thomas J. Keith is pastor of this congregation and regular services are held in the old Pres'byterian church on ]\Iain street.

The Free Methodist church has a frame building on the corner of Fourth and Sycamore streets and regular services are held there on Sundays. Enos C, Eobbins is the pastor.

The B'nai Israel congregation of the Hebrews have a congregation and hold regular services on the corner of Seventh and Broadway streets, on the second Sunday of each month. The congregation is wealthy and will erect a synagogue in a short time. M. Eindskopf and Victor Schoenfeld are trustees and B. Kuhn. treasurer of the congregation.

Chapter Xvi

Yineennes has always been supplied with a sufficient number of banking institutions. The Bank of Vincennes was incorporated by the Territorial Legislature. This bank was organized by Nathaniel Ewing, Charles Smith and others. It continued to do business until the state government was organized. By an act of the state legislature it was adopted as the State Bank of Indiana. This bank failed in 1824.

The Wabash Insurance Company was organized here and was invested with banking privileges and issued notes to circulate as money. Joseph Somes was secretary of this institution.

A branch of the State Bank of Indiana was located here in 1834 on the organization of the State Bank of Indiana. John Ross was cashier of this branch from its organization until it ceased to exist upon the expiration of the charter of the State Bank of Indiana. This branch and all the branches of the State Bank of Indiana were honestly and prudently managed and were a source of profit to the stockholders.

The New York Stock Bank was organized here in 1855 under the law passed by the legislature of Indiana, providing for the formation of Stock Banks. These banks were required by the law to deposit with the Auditor of State the stocks of any state in the Union and receive circulating notes to the face value of the securities less ten per cent. The defect in this law was that the bonds of some of the states were not of equal value and some only worth fifty cents on the dollar. This bank, as its name implies, was supposed to be founded on the bonds of New York state which were above par. In fact- it was founded on the stock of the State of Mississippi, which were worth only about fifty cents on the doHar. The capital of this bank was $500,000. It was soon forced out of existence.

On the expiration of the charter of the State Bank of Indiana, the legislature passed a law in 1855, creating the Bank of the State of Indiana with branches. A branch of this bank was located here and John Eoss was elected cashier and prudently managed this Ijranch until it went out of existence. This bank secured a large line of business and had the entire confidence of the community and would have successfully continued in business, but was taxed out of existence b}- the United States laws, passed in the interest and for the benefit of the Xational Bank system.

The Vincennes Xational Bank was organized as the successor and principally with the capital of the Vincennes branch of the Bank of the State of Indiana. The capital of this branch when first organized, was $'250,000, but Avas su1> sequently reduced to $100,000. This l)ranch for a number of years while it was under the management and control of John Ross and Wilson J. Williams, did a fine and legitimate business. But it passed from their control by reason of their death and failed in Juh', 1893. It passed into the hands of Thomas E. Paxton of Princeton, who was appointed by the Controller of the Currency Eeceiver of the defunct bank. It was found to be a very 1jacl failure. The stockholders were compelled to pay in addition to the loss of their stock, an amount equal thereto to pay the debts and liabilities of the ))ank. The officers at the time of its failure were Wilson M. Tyler, president ; and Hiram A. Foulk, cashier.

The first private bank organized here was the Vincennes Deposit Bank of E. J. :\[cKenney & Co. It was organized in September. ISnr 1,v Eichard J. :\[cKenney, Peter E. LaPlante, Hiram A. Foulk, William Helierd, Ulvsses Heberd and

Henry S. Cauthorii, on a capital of $25,000, which was subsequently increased to $50,000. This was simply a private partnership for banking purposes and did a very large and lucrative business until 18T9, when it went into voluntary liquidation. Eichard J. Mclvenney was the business manager of this partnership from its opening to its close.

The German Banking Company was organized here in 18T1 by Henry Knirihm, Louis L. Watson, Joseph L. Bayard, Marcelle D. Lacroix and others with a capital of $50,000. This was simply a partnership for banking purposes and did a large and profitable business. Joseph L. Bayard was cashier and manager of this business from its organization and during its existence. This banking company went out of business and the partners interested organized in its stead, the First National Bank of Yincennes with its capital. John H. Eabb was elected president of this bank and Joseph L. Bayard, cashier.

The banks now doing business in the City of Yincennes are three. The First National Bank, the Second Xational Bank and the German N'ational Bank. The First Xational Bank with a capital of $100,000 and a large surplus, was organized in ISTl, as the successor of the German Banking Company, and succeeded to its business house and Inisiness. On the expiration of its first charter the bank was re-organized as it exists today. The present oflicers of this l)ank are Joseph L. Bayard, president; P. ]\I. O'Donnell, cashier; and Henry Somes, Jr., assistant cashier.

The Second N'ational Bank was organized in 1893, with a capital of $100,000, and has been doing a safe and profitable business ever since its organization. The officers of this bank are George W. Donaldson, president: William J. Freeman, cashier; J. T. Boyd, assistant cashier.

deposits and has from the start done a hierative and prosperous business. The otftcers of this bank are William Baker, president: Gerard Eeiter, vice-president; George E. Alsop, cashier ; Henry J. Boechman, assistant cashier.

All three of the above Xational Banks are prudently and honestly managed and have the confidence of the entire community. In consequence they are all doing a heavy and prosperous business.

I here insert the consolidated condition of the First Xational Bankj the Second Xational Bank and the German Xational Bank as indicated by their reports under the call of the comptroller of the currency at the close of Imsiness on February 25, 1902:

Chapter Xvii

Vincennes has originated many corporations in the past The Vincennes Steam Mill Company organized August 6, 1817, for the manufacture of flour, lumber and spirits, was started on a grand scale on the survey now occupied in part by Harrison Park. This company erected extensive and substantial buildings and for many years did a large and prosperous business. Nathaniel Ewing, John D. Hay, Willis Fellows and Benjamin Parke, were members of this corporation. The Wabash Insurance Company possessing also banking privileges in addition to general insurance. The Knox Insurance Company organized about 1850, for a time, did a large business and would have continued except for extending its business to marine risks on the Galf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, which so increased its losses as to compel it to go into liquidation. The American Live Stock Insurance Company, the first one of the kind ever organized anywhere for the insurance of live stock. These corporations have all passed away.

The Vincennes University, organized in 1806, under an act of the territorial legislature, is now in a flourishing condition and doing as good educational work as any similar institution in the state. It originally possessed a large donation of lands granted by the United States for the purpose of endowment. It started out with bright prospects, but its advance was retarded by the unjust attempt of the state legislaure to rob it of its donation of land and divert the same to the use of the (10)

Indiana University at Bloomington. This legislation is consistent with all state legislation which has never been favorable, but inimical to Yincennes. But this unlawful misappropriation of its lands was partially prevented by the Supreme court of the United States which declared this action of the state legislature to be unlawful and void. But the university was crippled in its operations for years. But it weathered this storm of unfriendly legislation and is yet as successfully performing its work as any university in the state, not excepting the State University, supported as it is by large appropriations and endowment funds from the state treasury.

The Yincennes Board of Trade, organized for the purpose of aiding and building up the city in every way, is doing good service. If such an organization had been in existence years before, it would have been of great advantage to this city.

The A^incennes ]\Iutual Fire Insurance Company, organized for the purpose of insuring such property only as is situated within the city limits.

Agricultural and Mechanical Association, organized in 1870, and which has already held thirty-one successful fairs, almost equalling the state fairs of Indiana.

The Yincennes Gas Light Company, originally organized in 1859 by Charles P. McCrady, N'athaniel Usher, W. H. H. Terrell, under a twenty years' franchise. This company and its property was merged in the Citizens' Gas Light Company which is yet in existence and doing a fine business.

The City Electric Lighting Company, organized in 1899, and which has erected a fine plant and under a contract with the city, is now lighting it in all its parts, all night and every night.

The Central Foundry Company, for the manufacture of soil pipe, is the second largest establishment of the kind in the L^nited States and has very extensive works and employs a large force of men.

The Central Union Telephone Company has a complete plant making connections T\T.th all parts of the city, and in connection with the long distance telephone company with all parts of the United States.

The Vincennes Citizens' Street Railway Company which manufactures its own electric power and operates a railway extending from the principal business portions of the city, and to the adjoining suburbs.

The Vincennes Water Supply Company, with a splendid plant and the highest water tower in the west (except one at Cleveland) being 210 feet high and of a capacity sufficient to throw several streams of water at the same time over the highest buildings in the city.

The Vincennes Paper Mill Company with the most improved machinery and with a large capacity for the manufacture of paper, and running both day and night to supply the demand for its product.

The Eagle Brewing Company of Hack & Simon, manufacturing the finest beer of any establishment in the state and furnishing its product to the city and surrounding toAvns.

Chapter Xviii

Xo city can expect to attract and retain a dense popula Lion without adequate resources. They must have a sure base upon which to depend to supply the wants of the citizens. Vincennes in this regard is highly favored by its location and surroundings. Situated in one of the finest agricultural localities in the West, it has in its favor that paramount interest which is the corner-stone upon which rests all enterprizes. The county of Knox in Indiana, and Lawrence in Illinois, art directly tributary to this city, and several other counties in both States to a great extent. The report of the state geologist gives the first place to Knox county as possessing soil suitable for the production of all kinds of fruit, grain and other products that go to make up the general volume of agricultural resources. This great interest has been in the past what has sustained and built up Vincennes. The citizens of Vincennc^ for many years paid no attention to manufacturing interest-^, and consequently until within a few years past there were no manufacturing establishments in the city. It has been bu<itained solely by its unrivalled agricultural resources. There are yet in Knox and I^awrence counties rich and productive lands that can be purchased for less money than many less valuable lands in portions of the far west where there are no school houses, churches, roads and other accompaniments of civilization. The reason the lands in this vicinity have been overlooked by the ceaseless flow of emigration is because they have not been advertised by railroad and other companies as other lands in less favored regions have been. Besides agriculture in the vicinity of Vincennes is yet in its infancy. Although an old settled region, for many years but little attention was paid to developing and improving the agricultural resources of wliich it is capable. Large tracts of fertile an I productive lands in Knox county were suffered to remain until within a few years past uncleared and unproductive. Other tracts were covered with swamps and marshes. And other lands on both the AVabash and White Eivers bottoms were practically valueless on account of the overflow of these river :^. But enterprise and industry in the last twenty years has remedied this. The rivers have been levied and the wet lands drained and rendered fit for cultivation. This good work is still in progress and the time not far distant when all tho lands surrounding Vincennes will be a veritable garden. Th.o roads of the country have been greatly improved and others are now in progress which will make Vincennes accessible at all seasons from all parts of the surrounding country over fine and durable roads.

The following tables extracted from the official statistical report of the State of Indiana for 1898, the latest report accessible, shows a gratifying result for Knox county, in whicii Vincennes is situated, in comparison with eleven other of th.' largest and most prosperous counties in the State for the production of the principal sources of the farmers' wealth :

Per Acre

And the above is only a partial showing of the rich agricultural country tributary to Vincennes, and whose products find a market here. The rich Allison prairie in Lawrence county, Illinois, extending from the Wabash River backwards abouL eight miles and np and down the river ten miles produce j abundant crops of all kinds of gTain which comes to the Vincennes market and equals almost the amount that comes from Knox county itself. This prairie is noted for the fertility of its soil. For many years this rich prairie was mostly unfit lor cultivation, being twice in the year overflowed by the united waters of the Wabash and Embarras Rivers. Through t'a2 centre of it extended a vast swamp called ^'Purgatory Swamp'' which was difficult and dangerous to pass over at any season of the year. But this has all been remedied by the building of levees to confine the waters of these rivers, and by drainage and this prairie is today as rich and productive as any lands in the west.

The immense quantities of wheats corn, oats, hay and all agricultural products that are thrown on the Vincennes market at proper seasons put the transportation companies to extraordinary exertions to send it to eastern and foreign markets. It is stated by agents in this city buying wheat for eastern parties, and by the city millers and owners of diSereiii elevators in the city, that the wheat crop of Knox county alone the present year will reach two million bushels, and some give a still higher figure. To this Lawrence county, in Illinois, will add at least one million bushels more.

As already stated, the country around Vincennes on both sides of the Wabash River is adapted to the production of ail kinds of produce. Within the last decade the production of watermelons and nutmegs has reached such vast proportioix:* that it is difficult in season when ready for market to procure cars for their transportation. The points in Knox county suitable and devoted to the cultivation of melons are Decker, Purcell, Vincennes, Emison and Oaktown, and Sandridge in Lawrence county, Illinois. From these various places immense shipments are made and the product is highly prized and takes rank in the markets of the north and east with the produce of any other section. The returns to the producer amount to more in proportion to the time, labor and acreage cultivated than the production of wheat, corn or other grain crops. And this industry has only commenced within a few years past and is as it were in its infancy.

rence in Illinois have all kinds of soil. The high lands are rich and productive and adapted to any kind of farm use. The immense bottom lands on the Wabash and White Kivers are especially adapted to the production of corn and hay, and average crops can be raised on these lands without the customary rains in seasons of most severe drought. There is no kind of produce that is required for the use of man or beast but what can be profitably raised in abundance in the country around Yincennes. It is, therefore, no idle boast to claim thar Vincennes is situated in the midst of the garden spot of thi world.

Chaptee Xix

Vincennes has always been favorably located for commerce. The Wabash River has been a natural highway ready for use. When there w^re no roads or other means of inter-communication in the Xorthwest, the Wabash River w^as the great artery of commerce for all the inhabitants along its course. When the red men of the forest were here in their glory, the lords of all they surveyed, the Wabash River was his delight. His bark canoe was all that disturbed its crystal waters. And w^hen the wdiite men came and settled along its banks and built up a profitable trade with the Indians, the Wabash River afforded the only means of communication with the outside world. The ''pirogues'' of the ''Courier der hois," as the advance guard of commercial men were called, navigated its waters, bringing goods and merchandize from Canada for the inhabitants and carrying back to Canada the pelfries and goods purchased from the Indians. When the country increased in wealth and population and better means of communication w^ere demanded to answer the increased demands of commerce, the steamboat came to supply the demand. And the Wabash River was again the great artery of commerce. From the introduction of steamboats until the advent of railroads the Wabash River was in its g\oTy. Steamboats from Xew Orleans, St. Louis, Louisville, Cincinnati and Pittsburg were daily visitors to the Yincennes port during the boating season, lasting about five months in the year, and after the building of the lock and dam at the grand rapids much larger, it was then no uncommon sight to see three and four steamboats from the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers at tlie Yin- cennes wharf at the same time, and flatboats called ''broadhorns'' to carry the produce of the country to the southern markets could be seen at all times passino^ the town, wending their sluggish way with the flowing current to their southern destination. In 1836 as many as 800 of these boats passed by Vincennes by actual count. To show the immense business transacted on the Wabash Eiver by steamboats, we will insert a partial list of the boats that regularly traded with Vincennes from the various ports on the ^Mississippi and Ohio Kivers from 1840 to 1845: Argus, Alpha, Aid, Adelaide, Arabian, Banner, Citizen, Caledonia, Conveyance, Companion, Ceres, Concord, Cuba, Coquette, Camden, Corsair, Cecelia, Cumberland Valley, Casket, Comanche, Canton, Daniel Boone, Dayton, Envo}^, Emigrant, Exchange, Elk, Experiment, Fairy Queen, Fox^ Fame, Florida, Gazelle, Gen. Warner, Gen. Marion, Gleaner, Gen. Hanna, Helen Mar, Herald, Hero, Hunter, Home, Herschel, Harriet, Hudson, Hilander, Indian, Juniata, Java, Julia, Gratiot, Jim Brown, Kentuck}^, Lady Boon, Lady Byron, Lady Madison, L'Orient, Lilly Lancaster, Little Ben Franklin, Logansport, Minor, Monroe, Motto, Mt. Vernon, Minstrel, Martha, Marquette, Minerva, Maryland, Mle, Nimrod, Xew Haven, Nick of the Woods, Nathan Hale, Niagara, Newark, Osage, Orion, Otsego, Ohio, Othello, Paragon, Penn, Portsmouth, Putnam, Pittsburg, Pekin, Philadelphia, Pearl, Planet, Eapids, Rover, Kochester, Eoanoke, Eeserve. Sylph, Science, Shoal Water, Spy, Signal, Shy lock, Sciota Belle, Spartan, Salem, Sabine, Tecumseh, Tuscumbia, Tide, Texas, Thames, Tippecanoe, Tennessee, Tray, I^. S. Mail, Victor, A'igilant, Visitor, Virginia, Waterloo, Wyoming, William Penn, Wm. Halbert, Wacauster.

In 1843 a company was formed to provide slack water navigation at the grand rapids of the Wabash Eiver. This company built a lock and dam that overcame that obstacle to the river navigation. But the lock and dam was constructed of wood and in the coarse of time rotted and became an obstacle to navigation instead of an aid. The stockholders fortunately sold their shares to the United States and the Federal authorities constructed durable and expensive works of stone in their place at a cost of near a million dollars. But this expenditure of money was useless as the splendid works are not used for the purposes originally intended and never will be of any use except for the valuable water power they can furnish.

The Wabash Eiver as an artery of commerce to transport the produce of the Wabash valley to market has lost its prestige. The advent of railroads, that wonderful creative power that has built up cities in localities where nature never designed they should be located, has robbed the Wabash River of its glory as a waterway of commerce for general purposes. But it is yet and ever will be an aid and feeder for the Vincennes market. Several steamboats navigate its waters both above and below Vincennes at all stages of water and gather up and bring to the Vincennes market the abundant crops of the farms along its bank where they are re-shipped to the markets of the world by rail. This now makes, and in future will increase the volume, Vincennes one of the largest and best points for the purchase and shipment of produce in the West. The profitable and remunerative business of Vincennes, now very heavy, is constantly on the increase, and from the nature of things, will continue to increase with accelerated force with the improvement and development of the country. There is no point in tlie West that offers lietter advantages in all departments of active life than Vincennes.

WTiile the Wabash River has ceased to be the artery of trade and commerce as it was in the past, Vincennes is now supplied with railroad facilities that more than compensate this loss. Railroads are the great arteries of commerce which have been contrived bv the inofenuitv of man and wliich have releorated to the rear in many cases rivers, canals, and macadamizedroads. Vincennes is now connected by the railroad to Terre Hante and thence by direct connection with Chicago, the greatest railroad center in the world, with the entire northern coiintr}^ The railroad to Indianapolis, the capital of the state, and the second railroad center in the West, gives it connection with all points in the East. The railroad to Cincinnati and its Louisville branch, opens up the entire East and Southeast. The railroad to Evansville and its southern connections, opens up the South. The railroad to Cairo at the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, opens up the entire Southwest. And the railroad to St. Louis opens up the entire West. These various railroads and their close connections open up a direct communication with all points of the compass and make Vincennes a railroad center of no small importance.

Chapter Xx

Vincennes has been noted for the number of its fraternal societies. This is evidence of the mutual regard and friendship of its citizens for each other.

Among these fraternities the first place is due to the ^lasonic Order. The first lodge of Masons was organized heie March 31, 1809, under the Grand Lodge of Kentucky, anci was Xo. 8 under that jurisdiction. When the G-rand Lodge of Indiana was formed it surrendered that charter, and on the 13th of Januar}', 1818, received one from the Grand Lodge of Indiana being Xo. 1, which primitive rank it has ever since maintained. The lodge meets the first Monday in eacii month.

Wabash Lodge Xo. 20 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows meets at Odd Fellow Hall on the corner of Second and Broadway streets every Tuesday evening. The Pride of tlie Wabash Xo. 458, Daughters of Eebecca, meets every .Monday evening.

St. Francis Xavier Branch Xo. 256 of tlie Catholic Kniglits of America meets on the second and fourth Sundays in each month at St. Francis Xavier Hall.

St. Paul Commandery of the Uniform Eaiik of the Catholic Knights of America meets the second and fourth Thursdays of each month at St. John's Hall.

Vincennes Lodge Xo. 291, of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks meets every Thursday in their hall on the corner of Fourth and Main streets.

The Independent Order of B'nai B'rith Etz Cliain Lodge No. 205 meets first and third Sundays in each month at corner of Seventh and Broadway streets.

Aaron Mitchener Lodge Xo. 33 of the United Brothers of Friendship (colored) meets first and third Thursdays of each month at 102% East Main street.

Lillies of the Valley Temple Xo. 36, Auxilliary to the United Brothers of Friendship, meets second and fourth Thursdays of each month at IO2I/2 East Main street.

A wandering herd of Xoble and Exalted Buffaloes while passing through the city last spring were captured, domiciled and incorporated with the other fraternal orders of the city. Although it comes late it lias made rapid strides and it is stated by those who claim to be advised that its membership equals any other fraternal order in the city. We are not advised of the j)nrposes of this order, but from representatiors of its members we wish it well. It is to be hoped it \vill exiot longer and do more good than either of its illustrious predecessors, the ^^ Thousand and One" or the ''Eclampus Vitus." The first and present grand exalted ranchman is Orestes C. Phillips.

Chapter Xxi

Yincennes has been favored since 1834 with educational faciliites. Even before that time when Benedict Joseph Flaget came in December, 1792, as pastor of the church hero, he directed his first attention to establishing schools. Out of his own scanty means he commenced free schools for the education of the youth. But he was too soon recalled to make any permanent headway. When Bishop Brute came here in 1834 he called to his aid and assistance the Sisters of Charity from Bardstown, Kentucky, and opened a free school for the education of young ladies. He also opened another free school for men and boys. These schools were maintained l)y funds supplied by the bishop himself. He is therefore entitled to be called the father of the free school system of Indiana. He also established St. Gabriel's College here in 1838, for higher education which was not free, and which during its existence haid a large attendance from all parts of the West and the South.

Yet notwithstanding these evidences given by the Catholic church of its patronage of learning, it has been claimed and believed by the ignorant, that the Catholic church is unfriendly to learning. This in the face of the fact tliat all the great universities in Europe were established by the Papacy. Some of these universities have passed from the control o f Catholic influence since the period of the reformation, but honor has compelled some of them to give honor to whom honor is due.

^'At a conjuncture of unrivalled interest in the history of letters, a man never to be mentioned without reverence by every lover of letters, held the highest place in Europe. Our attachment to the Protestant religion must not prevent us from paying the tribute which on this occasion and in this place justice and gratitude demand to the founder of the University of Glasgow, the greatest of the revivors of learning. Pope Nicholas the Fifth.''

High School

And the faculty of this university during the present year on the celebration of its 500th anniversary, sent complimentary resolutions to Pope Leo XITI. acknowledging the debt -of gratitude the university owed to the papacy, to which the Pope appropriately replied. But general publicity has not been given to it. This charge against the Catholic church is a kin to that similar charge that the church does not en- <:-ourage the reading of the scriptures. The fact is that all the prophesies of the Old Testament and all the episf es and gospels of the Xew are read and explained during the course of each ecclesiastical year. But these false charges Avere to be expected and were all foretold by the Savior as recorded in Mathew, chapter v. verse 11, or more positively in John, chapter 16, verse 2. These charges are signs of premonition.

In addition to these schools, at a later date, private schools were started by Samuel E. Crosby, Mr. Ennis and Mr. Wilkerson. These latter schools were not free but tuition was charged for attendance.

The Yincennes University is what its name implies, and affords opportunity for a higher education equal to any university in the West. It has an active a"" d energetic board of trustees Avho are fully alive to the interests of the university. It is numerously attended by students from the city and county and embraces in its curriculum many from other states. No institution of learning offers better facilities for a complete and finished education than the Yincennes University.

The public schools of the city are of a high order. The High School partakes in a great measure of university features. All branches of learning are there taught. In connection with the High School and subordinate thereto, there are 1st a central school in the heart of the city, 2d the Xorth Yincennes School, 3d the South West School in the lower part of the city, 4th the East Puldic School in the east part of the city, 5th the Southeast Public School for colored children, and 6th the school in Oklahoma, a suberb of the city. All these schools through the watchful care and vigilance of the city trustees are supplied A\ath competent teachers and are well attended. These public schools are under the management of the following able and efficient board of trustees: dence. These schools are practically free as no tuition is charged and only those who feel themselves a])le are expected or required to pay for the tuition of their children.

All these parochial schools are liberally patronized by their respective congregations. In the aggregate they have almost as large an attendance as at the public schools.

The Vincennes Shorthand Institute for teaching shorthand and which is well patronized and has sent out many pupils who have found ready and renumerative employment, both in the city and in other states, in all branches of business.

It will be obseiTed that Aancennes is well supplied with school facilities, affording all persons a wide range to select from. It is therefore evident that Vincennes aifords as good if not superior advantages over any point in the West for the education of children.

Manufacturing industries were not encouraged for many years in Yincennes. Within the last twenty years the attention of her citizens has been called to their importance and strenuous exertions have been put forth to secure them This chano-e is due in a great measure to the Board of Trade and the encouragement it has shown for all manufacturing industries and to secure their location in this city.

Manv Years ago David S. Bonner, a very wealthy man beo-an the\nanufacture of cotton yarn. He built a large mill and emploved many men and women. But his venture was not successful and involved him in financial rum.

Some time after 1848 Christian Kratz and William Heilman came here for the purpose of locating and establishmg an iron foundrv. They wished a location on the river Iron but none of the property owners on the river front would sell to them They remained here some time and failing to secure a suitable location, they went to Evansville and there located and established an iron foundry which was very successful

\t a later date Messrs. ]\Iiller & Cannon came here for the purpose of establishing an iron foundry. They selected an old brick stable on the west corner of Second and Buntm streets and fitted it up and had their furnace ready to begm work. Thev had expended all their means in having patterns made and other necessary articles connected with their business and were unable to pay their rent. Suit was brought and on the judgment recovered their entire plant was sold and this infant industry destroyed. The old brick building was never used for any purpose and the fine patterns were only used for whittling purposes.

remarked that Viiicennes would never advance until there were twenty or twenty- five funerals among the wealthy classes in the city. Well, that time has come. The times have changed and an aggressive spirit has taken hold of the citizens here. They are now striving with united action for the location of all kinds of manufacturing industries. These efforts have already been satisfactory and the movement is gaining accelerated force with the passing months. Among the principal establishments already secured we notice the following :

The Yincennes Bridge Company for the manufacture and building of iron bridges, arches and structural work which is successfully competing with older establishments in other places.

The Yincennes Glass Factory now in course of construction and nearing completion, for the manufacture of glass. This will be one of the largest factories of the kind in the West.

The Eagle Brewery of Hack & Simon, whose product is equal to any in the state and is being supplied not only to the city, l)ut to all the surrounding cities and towns.

The Yincennes Water Supply Company with a plant equal to any in the West and having a water tower 210 feet high and of sufficient capacity to supply the wants of a city of 50,000 population.

The Yineennes Egg Case Compaii}' for the manufacture of egg cases antl is run day and night to supply the increasing demand for its product.

The Vincennes Paper Company for the manufacture of paper with a splendid plant of the latest and most improved machinery and running- dav and nis^ht to enable it to fill its orders.

The Broadway ]\Iills now being enlarged and furnished with new and improved machinery and when completed will have a capacity of 200 barrels of flour a day.

The City Electric Light Company erected in 1899 and with the latest and improved machinery, is now lighting the entire city under a contract.

The Vincennes Citizens' Street Eailroad with a power house of its own and running its cars through the business portion of the city and to many points in the vicinity.

of slate, tin and iron roofing and galvanized iron cornice and doing an extensile business and filling large contracts at home and in manv other states in the Xorth and South.

The Vincennes Xovelty ^lanufacturing Company for the manufacture of all kinds of jewelry and brie a brae and being the only establishment of the kind in this country, and is being run all the time to enable it to supply the increasing demand for its products.

The Wagon Works of J. F. ]\Iiller & Sons for the manufacture of wagons and buggies and doing a large business, filling orders not only at home but in many foreign states.

The Hartwell Bros. Company for the manufacture of hickory handles and carriage stock generally and running constantly to keep up with the demand for its product.

The Union Depot Hotel has always commanded a large share of the patronage of the traveling public and still maintains its rank and business.

Chapter Xxiii Material Progress

The progress of Vincennes has been very slow^ but sure and steady. It has not been of a mushroom character, stimulated by fictitious l)Ooms and destined to retrograde when the cause hastening the advance has spent its force. There has been no retrograde movement in its history. The United States census returns show a healthy advance. Yincennes occupied a prominent place in the Xorthwest when the only other places were Detroit and Kaskaskia. Many other cities have since sprung up and attained prominence which had no existence when Vincennes was an important point. In this connection I will notice an incident in connection with Chicago, now the second city in the Union in wealth and population. Many vears ago the citizens of the then village of Chicago, sent a deputation of its citizens to confer with the citizens of the city of Vincennes and lay before them the rich country around their village and that the only thing they lacked was an outlet to the markets of the world for the products of their land. Tbey came and suggested it would be a benefit to the city to aid in building a gravel road from this city to their village. A public meeting was called and held at Clark's Hotel to consider the proposition. This meeting was addressed by John Law, Samuel Judah, John Ewing and others of the leading citizens of Vincennes at that time. They all took strong ground in favor of the project and urged immediate action, as Vincennes to advance must reach out for trade. The meeting passed resolutions in its favor and so far as resolutions went, determined that the road should be built without delay. But nothing was ever done farther than adopting resolutions. This was in 1828,

There are many causes that can be assigned for the slow advance of A^incennes. Some of these are external and have operated without any fault of her citizens. But many can l)e laid directly at the door of her own people, who by their indifference and non-action, permitted golden opportunities to pass without taking advantage of them. It is an old saying that lightning seldom strikes twice in the same place.

The capital of the Territory was foolishly removed from Yincennes to Corydon in 1814, on account of an imaginary fear of an Indian uprising that never had any real foundation. This movement was not only unopposed but in fact sanctioned by her citizens on the ground that the records of the Territorial Government might 1)6 destroyed. These records of any value at the time might have been put in a small box and hidden in a hollow tree as the charter of Connecticut was hidden in the celebrated Charter Oak. But the removal took l^lace to the great detriment of Yincennes.

Yincennes, although the first seat of civilization and religion in the West, has never been favored by legislation. Xo act of Congress was ever passed giving it material aid. The same neglect has also been observed Ijy the State Legislation. When the Internal Improvement system was determined on this discrimination against Yincennes was clearly manifested. Xone of the various improvements entered upon and carried on by state aid, ever benefited this place in the least. Take the A^incennes and Xew Albany macadamized road as one instance. That road was to be built by funds raised by taxation. Yincennes was the most populous and wealthy place along its route and furnished in taxation more than any three counties on the line. But not a dollar of the money thus furnished, was expended at this end of the road, but all was spent on the eastern end and a fine road from Xew Albany was built to Paoli and no farther.

sion of that improvement to the Ohio Eiver was determined on from Lafayette soutli, an immense sum of money woukl necessarily be spent along its course and this expenditure would be a great advantage in Imilding up the localities where it Avould be expended. For some cause unknown, Yincenne:- was left off the line of this canal, and it was diverted eastward from Terre Haute and thus left Vincennes olf its course This diversion made the length of the canal longer anrl added greatly to the cost of construction. Water to supply it had to be supplied by artificial reservoirs and large tracts of rich and valuable land overflowed for the purpose which could have been supplied by the Wabash Eiver at less cost and without damage. The immense amount of money required to make the extension to Evansville was all expended, but Vincennes received no benefit from this immense expenditure which all went to build up rival towns along its route. This immense output of money was a great benefit and rich harvest for the towns and counties through which it passed during the time it was being spent, but that was all the benefit they ever received as the canal was a practical failure and with the advent of railroads, was abandoned. These causes operated against Vincennes but were matters over which her people had no exclusive control.

But there were other causes operating against Vincennes for which they were solely responsible. It is situated in one of the richest agricultural districts in the West. These rich lands tributary to Vincennes on both sides of the Wabash Eiver, in Illinois and Indiana, threw upon her market annually, the rich and valuable products of their soil. Thesewere marketed here and bought up and paid for by the dealers and merchants of Vincennes and the farmer paid for them in high priced goods purchased in the eistem cities. This process resulted in a golden harvest for the merchants and traders. But the profit they realized from resources tributarjr to the place were not invested in industries and manufacturies calculated to build up and advance the place, but were unwiselv loaned out to enterprising men in Terre Haute, Evansville, Cincinnati and even Philadelphia, The money thus loaned was used by the borrowers in establishing manufacturies in these cities to the detriment of Yincennes, where the golden egg that enabled them to do these things was laid. And it is a well known fact to many citizens now living in Vincennes, that for many years the old merchants and business men of the place, discouraged the location of manufacturies liere for fear that these goods manufactured here would come in competition with their wares purchased in eastern cities and thus diminish their profits.

But all these drawbacks have spent their force. In spite of them the city has maintained a steady advance, only stimulated by its own natural resources. It is evident to the most casual observer that a better feeling has dawned upon the place. Xew men of enterprise and push have come and inaugurated a new programme. In the past fifteen years all the improvements which are now the pride of the city have come. And these improvements received no aid or encouragement but the active opposition of the wealthy citizens of the place. The magnificent system of water works which have been constructed, having no superior and but few equals in any cit}', was violently opposed aud only secured by a small majority at a popular election. The street railroad system was not favored or encouraged by many and was secured by the enterpri.-e of a few individual citizens. The splendid electric light l»lant which was erected last year, lighting the city in all its parts every night and all night, was secured after a long and powerful opposition had spent its force. These and many other aids to the uplmilding of a modern city have already ])eon secured. They are now operatiug as powerful factors in hastening the onward march of improvement. Xo such efforts will be required to be put forth in future to secure additional aids as were required to obtain the ones we now have. These are as it were, levers that have lifted the city out of the mire of perdition, stripped it of its swaddling clothes and put on it the garments of a rising giant.

The material structures of the city are being changed. There is not in the city a solitary landmark reaching back beyond 1800. The oldest house in the city is the Harrison mansion, erected in 1S04,. and that substantial structure is a half century older than the one erected just after it. All the old time houses have disappeared and their places have been taken by modem houses of architectural designs, and present a new and beautiful appearance. The real property of the city has to a considerable extent changed owners and this change is continuously going on. It may be said that in the past twenty years the realty of the city has passed out of the hands of the original proprietors into the possession of enterprising men. The material structures of the city are up to date and present as attractive appearance as any city in Indiana.

The hotel interest has caught the improvement fever and within the past year the Grand Hotel has been enlarged and improved at a great outlay of money so that Yincennes now possesses what has been so long wanted, a first class hotel. This hotel is really an advertisement of the city as strangers passing through a place see more of its hotels than any other of its buildings and form their impressions of the place from the character of its hotels.

"Within three years past more substantial Imildings have been erected in Yincennes than in any twenty years previous thereto. This building boom is constantly on the increase since it started three years ago. Each succeeding year surpasses the number of buildings erected the previous year. During the present year all previous records have been broken

Some of the wholesale business houses now in course of erection are constructed on a mammoth scale and of as large dimensions as can be found in any city in Indiana. They are also located with an eye to business and economy in receiving and shipping goods with a private spur to them from the main railroad track so that in the reception and distribution of goods all drayage will be avoided. This mode of building is original here and will be imitated in this city and elsewhere as its advantages are apparent and will make Vincennes an exceptional point for the rapid and cheap distribution of goods of all kinds.

And the end is not yet. The improvement of the city is in its infancy. This necessarily results from the natural and acquired resources of the city which offers better inducements than any other city in the state at this time for any one seeking a location for active business or wishing to enjoy life "otium cum digiiitate.'^

While Vincennes has a venerable past on one side, on the other side it is on the verge of an opening future full of youth and vitality. While it has a history reaching back to a time "whereof the memory of man runneth not to the contrary/^ it is now like an old man who has laid off his old clothes and put on new ones.

Personal Mention

The followiii.'- is n list of the heads of families settled at Tost Vincennes^on or l>efore the 1st of August ir83, to each of whom were donated 400 acres of land in the old. Donation

Mallet, Antoine Mallet, Andre ^rontplesir, Louis Meteyer, Francois Winie, John Baptiste Mallet, Xicholas Mayat, Francois Mallet, Joseph Michael, Antoine ^Farier, Frederick Mahl, Joseph Mallet, John Baptiste ^Moves, Michael Xean. John Baptiste Quillet, Joseph Perrdeau, Guillaume Payes, Pierre Perret, Amable Perron, Pierre Quivez, Sr., John Baptiste St. Marie Eacine, Pierre Kegnez, Francois Racine, Pierre Andre Racine, Louis Ravellette, Louis Raupiault, Joseph Raux, Joseph St. Marie, Joseph Sabelle, John Baptiste, St. Aubin, Etienne St. Marie, Francois Turpin, Francois Tuidel, Joseph Tougas, Francois Vachette, John Baptiste Vaudray, John Baptiste Vaudray, Jr., Francis Vigo, Alexander Vallez, Antoine Vaudrez, John Baptiste Vilray, Angelique, widow of Etienne Phillibert, Mary Louisa, widow of Nicholas Perrot, Felicite, widow of Francois Peltier, Angelique, widow of Francois Basinet, Marie, widow of Nicholas Cardinal, Susanna, widow of Pierre Coder, Marianne, widow of Louis Denoyou, Marie, widow of Hyacinthe Denoyou, Veronique, widow of Guilleaume Daperon, Francois, widow of Ambrose Dagenet, Genevieve, widow of Pierre Gremore, Ann, widow of Moses Henry, Catarine, widow of John Baptists Lafontaine, Madeline, widow of St. Jean Legarde, Veronique, widow of Gabriel LaGrande, Marie Louis, widow of John Philip Marie Lagras, Louise, widow of Antoine Lefevre, Catarine, widow of Amable Lardoise, Madeline, widow of Joseph Stone, Genevieve, wife of Joseph Laboissier, the husband deserted, Renez Godene de Pannah, Agate, widow of Amable Rumay.

The foUov/ing were the effective men belonging to Capt. ]*ierre Gamelin's company at Post Vincennes, July 4th, 1790: Christopher Wyant, ensign; Peter Thorn, sergeant; Frederick Mahl, sergeant; Jeremiah Ma3'es, sergeant; Richard Johnson, cadet; Robert Johnson, Joseph Cloud, David Pea, John Loc. Godfrey Peters, John ^Murpiiy. John Lafferty, Frederick Bar-

A'infcinies has ^won a common center in which congregated an array of able and determined men. ^[ost of tliese became ])ermanent residents. Many after a short sojourn went in every direction to lay tlie foundations of society in other places, to frame constitutions and laws for the well being- of generation^ of civilized people, and to exercise power and authority over countries of vast extent.

It is impossible in a proper limit to enumerate all. Only chosen examples illustrative of the qualities of the men who laid the foundations of our social structure will Ije presented.

Francois Morgan De Vincenne

This distinguished man was a (*anadian by Ijirth. He waa trusted officer in the service of the King of France. He came here in command of the troops of the king to build tlu' old fort in 1T()'2. He came and built the fort near the present site of the Catholic church. He did not remain after performing that service, l)ut returned to Canada. He was then' entrusted with an expedition against the Indians near Detroit, which was successful. The last mention of him in the Canadian records is by T.e Potheric, who says he was sent to comnumd the fort on the ''Onabasche." When he came, then be remained until his death. He married a daughter of Pliili]! Long])re, of Kaskaskia, Illinois. His father-in-bnv died in 173'-^ and left a large e-tate which was divided among his children. The records in the Pecorder's office at Kaskaskia show ibat de Vincenne went there to look aftei' bis wife's interest and that his wife was then at the Post here. The receipt for her to sigm for her share was sent here and she

In 173(; the French were at war with the Chickasaw In- .lians. inhabiting the eountry to the soutlr. De Yineeune went witli tlie troops of the fort here to attack them. An enoa..enient with them near where Memphis now stands was dis- :<rrons and he was taken prisoner. He could have .^cape.l witli tlK. remnant of Iris foi'ee that retreated nnder Pe \ms,n a French olficer, and was entreated to do so. But lie re lued to leave his wonnded soldiers and was humed at the stake on Easter Snndav, irSC. This place had never been called \mec.nnes until after his death in 1T3G. When the remnant ot his trooi)s returned here the place was named m his honon

Vfter his death his widow returned to her relatives m Kaski.ki-i He left an onlv daughter named Maria Louisa, who married Louis De Lisle, and left a large farmily of children at Kaskaskia. Some of his descendants were still residing there in 183(1. and thev all prided themselves on their relationship to him and added to their signatures the chamed words "He Yinceniie."

This celebrated and gifted officer is genially refen^d to In his title de Yincenne and not by his family name Francois Mor-anne. But this is very natural and is the general practice In all countries that were nnder the influence and operation of the feudal system. This is evident f roin Eobertson s historv of fharles the Fifth and Hallam's Middle Ages and other writers concerning that system. We have instances of it in our own political history. All our school children have lu.ar,l of Count de G-rass, who rendered such valual^le service to our fathers in the Bevolutionary war. But this appellation is his title and not his family name, which was trancois Joseph Paul. Again in the case of Count de Bochambeau. His familv name was Jean Baptiste Donatien. Again in the case of Marquis de La Fayette, after whom so many counties.

cities and towns in this countr}' are named. His family name was ]\[arie Joseph Eoch Gilbert. This custom among the French, which was one of the countries under the feudal system, is fully exemplified by that exhausting work concerning the French in America during the Revolutionary war, Ijy Thomas Balch, in vol. 2 of his work. And the same practice obtains to this day in England which was also under the operation of the fetidal system. To refer to a nobleman by his title is the highest compliment that can be given him. John Churchill after the Battle of Blenheim, was enobled and given the title of Duke of ^larlljorough. Arthur Wellesley, after his victory at Waterloo, was given the title of Duke of Wellington, and G-eorge X. Curzon on his appointment as Viceroy of India, was given the title of Lord Kedleston, and l)y their titles are always addressed and referred to. This custom is referred to by Sir Walter Scott in his Waverly novel of "The Antiquary." And such was the case with De Vincenne. That his family name was Francois Morganne is stated by Edmond Mallet of the Carroll Institute of Washington City, who has made a special study of French Canadian families, and is the best authority on that subject. Also by Bishops Brute and Bishop Hailandiere.

Pierre Gibault

He was born at Montreal, Canada, April 7th, 1737. He was specially educated with reference to missionary work among the Indians of the N'orthwest. He was ordained priest at Qtiebec, ^larch 19th, 1768. Immediately after he was appointed Vicar General of the Archbishop of Quebec for the Illinois country. He set out for the field of his life work and spent the remainder of his days in missionary labors among the Indians and French settlers in the Xorthwest. He arrived at Kaskaskia on the Sth of September, 1768, and on that dav his first official entrv in the Church of the Immaculat(^

Conception is made. He fonnd church matters in great confusion, but by his energy and zeal in all the French settlements on the Mississippi, he brought order out of confusion. In the spring of 1770, he came to Vincennes, and with slight interrnptions remained here as the pastor of the church until 1789. He was nnquestionably the ablest man in the Northwest at that time. He had great influence over all the French inhabitants in the Nortlnvest. He was here as parish priest in 1778, when he heard of the American Revolution, and with the instincts of all Frenchmen, he espoused the cause of the

American colonies. He called a public meeting to take place in the old fort here whieh was then unoccupied. He addressed the meeting and explained to them the nature of the struggle and their duty as Frenchmen and lovers of their native land, so as to induce them to unite with the struggling colonies, and he administered to them the oath of allegiance to the American canse. The symbol of the Revolution, a red and green flag, was then hoisted over the old fort. This was in 1778. When news of this reached the Canadian authorities. Gov. Henry Hamilton was sent here with an armed force to counteract the movement. He came and retook the fort and arrested Father Gibault and held him a j)risoner for some time. He finally aon^eed to release him if he would leave the place. To this Father Giliault agreed and he returned to Kaskaskia. This expulsion was a providential happening and placed him in a position where his influence was equally great and >\iiere he could render Gen. Clark substantial aid when he arrived with his small and tired army July rl-th, 17T8. It was certainly through the influence of this influential and magnetic man that the gates of that fortified ])lace were opened to receive him without firing a gun or losing a man. The same influence induced all the French settlements on the Mississippi to do the same thing.

It was uncjuestionalilv Father Gibault that suggested and planned the ex])edition to ca])ture the old fort here. This was not in the line of Gen. Glark"s instructions and had never been mentioned bv him or any of his cominand until after the bloodless capture of Kaskaskia. It was certainly his influence that furnished Gen. Clark with two companies of Frenchmen from Kaskaskia to aid liim in his capture of the fort here. It is well knowji that Fatlier Gil)ault addressed the troo])s on their departure from Kaskaskia for the Wabash and gave them his blessing. He induced his friend and ])arishioner, Francis Vigo, an Indian trader, at the present site of St. Louis, to furnish means to aid the expedition. He also furnished guides to conduct the force over the overflowed and icy wilderness to this place. Gen. Glark a\ ith his small and worn out force arrived here on February 24, 1TT9, and on the next day com])elled (tOV. Hamilton to surrender the fort for want of Jiiunitions of war and necessary supplies. The flag of Virginia. ])erhai)s. was raised over the old fort here ami the Fnglish dominion was at an end forever.

Gen. George Rogers Clark

He was a descendant of a Virginia family, settk^l in Albeniaide and Caroline counties. He was commissioned In' Patrick Henry, Governor of Virginia, to organize a military force and proceed to capture the English fort at Kaskaskia. He undertook the task l)Ut faik'd to gather the force or muni- tions of war authorized by his commission. He only succeeded hy ]iis own account in raising 150 men and with this force he started from tlie Falls of the Ohio Kiver at kouisville, in open boats, on June "28, 1;T8, and after a tedious voyage of five days down the Ohio River, he left his boats a few miles l)elow the mouth of the Tennessee Kiver and proceeded by land without a road and through a desert country to Kaskaskia. He arrived there on the opposite liank of tlie Kaskaskia Eiver on July 3d, 1TT8. The next day he crossed the river and obtained possession of Ivaskaskia without tiring a gun or losing a man. The same thing he accomplished in the same bloodless manner in all the French settlements of the Mississippi Eiver.

He then formed an expedition to capture the old fort here, the real key to the possession of the Northwest. With a force augmented by two companies furnished him at Kaskaskia, he started Februaiy 5, 1TT9, on his campaign against the English fore here. He arrived here after many hardships incident to the overflowed condition of the country on the 24th of February, 1779, and on the next day compelled Gov. Hamilton, the English commander, to surrender the fort and hoisted the flag of Virginia over it. This result was also accomplished without the loss of a single man. The English lost the entire Xorthwest territory out of which the five great and populous states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin have been formed.

Gen. Clark for this service was granted a large tract of land in Clark count}^, Indiana, which was divided among the troops of his command. He died at a plantation called "Locust Grove'* near Louisville, Kentucky, on the 12tli of February, 1818.

Francis Vigo

He was a native of ^londovi in the Kingdom of Sardinia, born about the year 17-17. He left his native place and went to Spain and enlisted as a Spanish soldier. With his company he came to Xew Orleans. He soon left the military service and went up the Mississippi River and located at an Indian village on the high lands on the site of the present City of St. Louis. He began to trade with the Indians and although he was illiterate, was a successful trader. He became possessed of a large estate for that early day. He was at that Indian village on the Mississippi River when Gen. Clark arrived at Kaskaskia, and without difficult}', obtained possession of that French village. After Gen. Clark had obtained possession of Kaskaskia and the other French villages on the Mississippi Eiver^ it was determined to undertake an expedition from Kaskaskia to capture the old fort on the Wabash at Yincennes. "When that expedition was planned, Col. Vigo was induced to furnish aid and means to carry it on. It is safe to claim that the influence that operated on Col. Vigo was Father Pierre Gibault. Gen. Clark was not known to Col. Vigo. He was. however, a meml)er of Father Gibault's congregation and he had great influence over him. Father Gibault at the request of Col. Vigo, had erected the first Catholic church in the Indian village where Col. Vigo resided. However this may be, it is certain that Col. Vigo furnished money and support, if Congress appropriations are to be believed, to aid the expedition. After Gen. Clark captured the fort here, Col. Vigo came to Vincennes and located and continued to reside here until his death in 1836.

He was induced to come and locate here in consequence of the land grants of Congress to the French, and he began to trade with the Indians and the French inhahitants who had l)een granted lands In- Congress. He was again successful and l)y the time the United States Commissioners came here to adjust French hind grants in 1804, he had hecome the largest land i)roprittor here. He was successful when trading with the red savage or the ignorant Frenchman. Ijut when he came in contact with the educated class that came here, when the territory was organized, this vast estate disappeared as the morning mist is dissipated hv the rising sun and he died in 1836, an ol)ject of charity.

When Col. Vigo came here he was unmarried, hut he married a ^liss Shannon. She lived Init a short time after the marriage and l)ore him no children. At his death he left no heirs of his hody and no known hlood kindred. The only relatives he left were hy aftinity with his wife.

When he came and long hefore, he was a devout Catholic. It was through his exertions that many ]iriests were sent here l)y Bishop John Carroll of Baltimore, hefore and after 1796. He was a very zealous Catholic in all church functions and his name appears on the church register as godfather at many haptisms and as witness to many marriages. This continued until he hecame too old to attend to such church matters. When the church here was incorporated in 180T, he was elec^ted one of the trustees and so continued until. 1822 and attended all meetings of the trustees. Yet his l)ody after his death was l)uried in a Protestant cemetery.

He was poor and wanting the necessaries of life at the time of his death. When the hranch of the State Bank of Hidiana was organized here in 1834, the first five dollar hill issued hy the hranch was made payahle to Col. A^igo. He would not use this money although in distress, hut depositel the hill in the archives of the A^incennes Historical and Antiquarian Society as a relic. It remained there for many years after the death of Col. Vigo. It was ahstracted from the archives of that society l)y one John Decker, and ])ut in circulation. Efforts

Col. Vigo had a chiini ])efore Congress for remuneration on account of the advances lie had furnished Gen. Clark. It was never paid until forty years after his death. At the time of payment by Congress he had no blood relations to become beneficiaries of the appropriation. He had employed John T^aw, Abner T. Ellis and T.uther H. Reed as attorneys to prosecute this claim, who were to receive their compensation out of any funds Congress might apjiropriate.

In relation to this claim he frequently stated that the government was slow in allowing it and that he had become too old for it to ])e of any use to him, and that if ever paid, the Catholic church should have it. He made this statement to Bishop Brute when on his death lied at the house of Betsy La- Plante. But the claim was not paid until forty years after his death and the church got nothing out of the appropriation made by Congress. In 1 834 he executed what purported to be his last will. But tliis document on account of remarkalde ])rovisions in it, was thought l)y his friends to have 1)een executed when he was "non comijos." When Mr. English was here looking up data for his history, he requested the author to accompany him to the (*atholic cemetery and show him the grave of Col. Vigo. When informed C^ol. Vigo was not buried in the Catholic Ijut in tlie Protestant cemetery, he expressed surprise. He was accompanied to the Protestant cemetery and his neglected grave hunted up and after cutting away the l)riers and scraping away the moss on the plain slab lying on his grave, we found the date of his death erroneously given. This fact satisfied us that the plain slab had been placed there l)y some good Samaritan not acquainted with the facts connected with his death. In the remarkable will executed during his dcclinging years it is ]U'ovided that after paying the lawyers" fees tlie balance of any money appro- priated by Congress on his claims, should Ije used in buying a small bell for the Court House of Yigo County, Indiana, which was named in his honor, and the entire balance should be paid to Francis McKee and Archibald McKee. The will appointed Albert Badollet, George W. Ewing and Archibald McKee, one of his devisees, his executors. Messrs. Badollet and Ewing never qualified, but McKee did, and took upon himself the sole execution of the trust. The will also contained the provision that after death his body should be disposed of in any manner his executors might see proper. This clause particularly caused remarks and his friends doubted his sanity at the time of its execution. He died at the house of Betsy LaPlante, who lived in a rented frame house on the southwest side of Main street midway between Fourth and Fifth streets. She was a poor French woman and attended him in his last sickness and until his death, ]\Iarch 22, 183G, and never received any compensation for her services. Andrew Gardner was the undertaker who buried his remains and for his services charged the reasonable and modest sum of twenty dollars. But this small charge was not paid until forty years after his death and is one of the few debts against his estate that were ever paid. His executor and devisee never filed any inventory of his estate or made any final report of the amount Congress allowed on the claim or the manner it was disbursed, and did not pay the costs of the administration or the printing of the funeral tickets. Senator Voorhees stated the original claim of Col. Vigo for supplies furnished Gen. Clark was $8,016. But this claim was not alloAved until 1875 when it was allowed with the addition of $11,282.00 for interest. This large sum was allowed forty years after the death of Col. Vigo, who had no blood relations to l)e benefited, and it all went to persons who had not ministered to him in his hour of distress.

General W. Johnson

He was a native of CulpeiDper, County of Virginia. He came to Vincennes and permanently located in 1783. He was a prominent member of the bar and was the first attorney admitted to practice in the courts here. He filled many offices of tiaist under the borough organization and also under the territorial government. He was twice elected to the bench as President Judge of the Knox Circuit Court. He was frequently elected to represent the county in the legislature. He was an enthusiastic Mason. He compiled the first code of laws of the Indiana Territory. He resided on the west corner of First and Hart streets in a house that was torn down the present year. He died October 20 th. 1833, and was bu.ried with Masonic honors.

General Hyacinthe Lasselle

He was a Frenchuian l;)y birth and came to the Wabash country from Canada in 1797. He remained here in business until 1833, when he removed to Logansport, Indiana. He was a practical Catholic and was one of the trustees of the church as long as he resided here. He was in the military service of the government when Zachary Taylor was commandant of Fort Knox. AVhen Col. Taylor was promoted for his gallant defense of Fort Harrison in 1813, Gen. Lasselle was promoted and succeeded him as commandant of Fort Knox. He erected a very large frame hotel on the west corner of Second and Perry streets, which was the principal hotel of the town as long as he remained here. It was destroyed by fire in 1871. G-en. Lasselle was one of the most active and influential citizens of the place and his removal to Logansport was generally regretted

William Henry Harrison

He was born at Burkoley, A^irginia, on the l)anks of the James Kiver. He descended from a revolutionary ancestry. His father, Benjamin Harrison, was one of the signers of the Dechiration of Independence. He was educated in Virginia, and iml)il)e(l tlie ])rincii)les of the great men of that state. He belonged to a wealthy family who had great influence in the state and nation, and enabled liim to obtain honorable and remunerative emphnment. He was ai)pointed the first (tovernor of Indiana Territory and eame to tliis place in 1801.

When he came he found Yineennes in reality a French vil- Lage, as there were but tew persons in the place who spoke or understood any language except the French. When he came there was not a brick house in the place. He erected in 180J:, on his plantation called ^^arouseland," adjoining the village, a fine brick mansion which yet stands and will bear contrast with any brick structure in the city. He was the patron of learning and education and was instrumental in founding the Yineennes Library and the Yineennes University. He commanded the troops in the bloody battle of Tippecanoe, fought with the Indians in November, 1811. He was the candidate of the Whig party in the memorable political contest of 1840, when he was elected the ninth President of the United States over Martin Yan Buren, by a large majority of the electoral vote. He was inaugurated President on the 4th of March, 1841, and one month after on April 4th, 1841, he died in the presidential mansion at Washington City. His remains were brought to Ohio and buried on his homestead estate at North Bend on the Ohio Kiver, a few miles below Cincinnati. Gen. Harrison had represented Ohio in the Senate of the United States before he was elected President. He left Yineennes the latter part of October, 1811, on his way to fight the battle of Tippecanoe, and never returned here to reside. He was soon after the battle of Tippecanoe appointed a major-general in the United States army and was engaged in military operations in the North and fought the battle of the Thames in which Tecumseh, the celebrated Indian chief, was killed. Although he never returned to this place to reside, he was held in high esteem by the citizens. In the presidential election of 1840^ on account of his personal popularity, he received a large vote in this city and county. He visited Yineennes in 1835, and was at the house of Elihu Stout, Avhere the writer saw him frequently.

General John Gibson

He was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in May, 1710. He was appointed the first Secretary of the Indiana Territory and came here with Gen. Harrison in 1801. He remained here until April, 1814, when as acting Governor of the Territory, he removed with the capital to Corydon. He was an honest man and capable official. During his long official life he was always above temptation or suspicion, and left an official record without a blemish. He had went through severe and trying service in various Indian wars before he came here. He was the interpreter to whom Logan, the celebrated ^lingo chief, delivered the speech which has l)een immortalized by Jefferson in his notes on Virginia. He died at '-'Braddocks Fields" near the City of Pittsl)urg, Pennsylvania, at the residence of George Wallace, his son-in-law, on April 19th, 1822, in the 82d year of his age.

John Badollet

He was born in the Cit}^ of Geneva, Switzerland, in the year 1758. He was the son of a Lutheran minister. A strong friendship and attachment sprung up between him and Albert Gallatin. They came to the United States together and arrived here about 1776. He first settled in Pennsylvania and during his residence there was entrusted with various state offices. Through the influence of his friend Albert Gallatin, he was appointed the first Registrar of the ITnited States land office at this place, and came and permanently located here and remained until his death. He discharged the complicated duties of the Registrar's office with such exactness that no errors have been detected in his work. He continued as Registrar of the land office until 1836, when he resigned and his son, Albert Badollet, was appointed in his place. He was one of the commissioners appointed by the L^nited States to adjust land grants in the Vincennes District. He was elected a mem- ber of the convention that franK^l the first Constitution of Indiana in 1816. He served on many important committees in that convention and was an influential and useful member. He died universally regretted, July 29, 1837.

Nathaniel Ewing

He was appointed the first Receiver of Pul)lic Monies of the land office here. He came here to discharge the duties of that office and remained here until his death. He was one of tlie United States Commissioners to adjust land titles in the Yincennes District. He was one of the many able men who came here during territorial days. He was full of resources and was always ready to encourage any enterprise calculated to benefit the place. He died August 6, 184G, at his county seat four miles east of Yincennes. His remains were brought to this city and Imried in the public cemetery and a fine monument erected over liis grave. He left six children, three sons and three daughters. Caroline married Dr. George W. Clears, of Indianapolis; Harriet married James Farrington, of Terre Haute ; and Sarah married John Law. G-eorge W. Ewing was elected Probate Judge and acquired the title of the '^Orphans' Friend."' William L. P^Aving went to St. Louis and engaged in banking and accumulated a large fortune. James Ewing remained here and was a successful business man.

Zachary Taylor

He was a Yirginian by birth and was a descendant of Revolutionary'ancestors. He came to Yincennes a stranger to fortune and fame, as a United States military officer, to take command of Fort Knox. He began his military career here and gained his first distinction by his gallant defense of Fort Harrison in 1811, which brilliant achievement secured his promotion. He resided in Yincennes with his family and here his daughter, Jessie Taylor, who afterwards mar- ried Jefferson Davis in a mnaway match, was born. He left here with his family after 1813 and was stationed at Baton Ronge. Louisiana, in command of the Department of the Gulf, He was in command here at the breaking out of the Mexican war and commanded the army at the storming of

]\Iatamoras and the battles of Saltillo and Buena Vista. He was elected the twelfth President of the United States in 1848, and was inaugurated March 4, 1849. He died in the executive mansion at Washington City during his term, on July 4th, 1850.

George Rogers Clark Sullivan

He was born on the fami of his father. General Henry Sullivan, near Louisville, Kentucky. He studied law and wasadmitted to practice. He was a brother-in-law of Elihu Stout, and came here and practiced his profession for many years. He was honored while here with many marks of popular favor. He was often elected to office under the old Ijorough and was one of the first postmasters of Vincennes. He was several times elected a member of the Legislature and also Prosecuting Attorney. He was very successful in his practice and had the reputation of l)eing one of the most eloquent men at the l)ar of his time. He was employed in the defense in grave criminal eases at liome and aljroad. In one of snch cases he received as a fee the portrait of his namesake, George Eogers Clark. This was one of the only two that were ever painted from life. He brought it to Vincennes and it is now preserved in the Vincennes University. He married Helen Vanderburg, one of the daughters of Judge Vanderburgh and raised a large family of children. He removed from here and went to Quincy, Illinois, where he died. Many of his descendants now reside there and occupy prominent places in society.

Alexander Buckner

He was born in Kentucky and was a member of the celebrated Buckner family of that state. He studied law and was admitted to the bar. He came here to practice law. When the capital was removed to Corydon, he left and located at Charlestown, Indiana. He continued to practice law there. When the Grand Lodge of Masons was organized he was elected the first Grand Master. He removed to Missouri and when that state was admitted into the Union, he was elected one of its Senators in the United States Senate. He died in the prime of life of the cholera in 1833, and was buried at night by negTo servants in a lonely grave which remained unmarked until a few years ago. The Grand Lodge of Masons of Indiana in 1897, took action in the matter and appointed a committee to go and seek out his lonely grave and erect over his remains a suitable monument. This committee of which ]\tason J. ^iblack of this city, was chairman, went in the discharge of their duty and found his lonely grave and transferred his remains to St. Gerard cemetery on the Mississippi Eiver and erected over this new made grave a suitable monument properly inscribed to mark his final resting place. This action of the Masonic Grand Lodge was creditable to the order and negatives the oft repeated saying "Out of sight out of mind."

Benjamin Parke

He was born in Xew Jerse}^ September 29, 1777, and removed to this i^lace in 1801. He filled many offices under the territorial government. He was elected a delegate to Congress from the Territory. He resided here in the house on the corner of First and Hart streets, which was known as "Park Place.^^ On the organization of the state government he was appointed the first Federal Judge for the District of Indiana. On receiving this appointment in order to be nearer Corydon, the capital of the state, he removed to Salem, where he continued to reside until his death August 12, 1835. He was still the District Judge of Indiana at the time of his death.

Moses Tabbs

He was born in Maryland and was an accomplished scholar and lawyer, and very eloquent. He married into the family of Charles Carroll, one of the signers of the Declaraition of Independence. He came to Yincennes Avith his family Avhen the state government was organized and was admitted to the l)ar here in 1818, and commenced the practice of law here. He soon rose to the front rank of his profession. A brilliant career was opening l)efore him when a false report connected him with the wife of Cleves Harrison. She was a pure and cultured woman and the daughter and only child of Gen. Pike. Although the rumor had no foundation and was discredited by the people generally, and thought to have been originated by jealous rivals, it so operated upon his pure and sensitive nature as to induce him to terminate his connection with the place and return to his native state.

Isaac Blackford

He was a native of Xew Jersey and a graduate of Princeton College. He commenced the practice of law here and became a popular favorite. He was elected a member of the

Legislature and was made Speaker of the House. He was the first President Judge of the Knox Circuit Court. He was appointed September 10, 1817, one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Indiana, to fill a vacancy caused by the death of John Johnson. He remained continuously on the bench of the Supreme Court until January 3d, 1853. He was afterwards appointed one of the Judges of the United States Court of Claims at Washington City. He was not a speaker of any force and made few speeches, but was regarded as a well read lawyer and safe counsellor. He will be remembered in Indiana on account of the many able decisions he rendered wdiile on the Supreme Bench and for the eight volumes of the decisions of that court which bear his name. He married a Miss Johnson of this county, but their marriage relations wTre not pleasant and they separated many year& l)ef ore his death and never lived together after the separation. He had one son, George Blackford, by his marriage with Miss Johnson, who was finely educated by his father and gave indications of l^ecoming a worthy successor of his father but died before reaching manhood. Judge Blackford at the time of his death was very wealthy and owned much valuable real estate in tlie business center of Indianapolis.

Jacob Call

Tliis learned num and able lawyer came to Vincennes soon after the organization of the state government. He was elected President Judge of the Knox Circuit Court and during his term ^oresided during the trial of Thomas McKinney for the murder of James Boyd, and during the trial of William Cox, a colored man, for committing a rape on a Miss Smith. Both were convicted of the charges against them and were sentenced to be hung and were accordingly executed, McKinney on the 22d of October, 1822, and Cox on April 9, 1821. These w'ere the only persons ever executed in Knox county in accordance with the sentence of a court until the execution of Sylvester Grublj in April, 1889. Judge Call was elected to Congress from this district over Thomas H. Blake in 1824. He was never married, but at the time of his death, was engaged to Miss Ellen Egan, a lady residing in Lexington, Kentucky. He went there for the purpose of being married in 1825. He died very suddenly before the ceremony was performed and it was generally supposed he committed suicide.

Waller Taylor

He was a native of Lunenberg County, Virginia. He studied law and came here in territorial days to practice his profession. He rose rapidly in public estimation and was elected Judge of the Common Pleas Court. Wlien the state was admitted into the Union in 1816, he was elected one of the United States Senators as the colleague of James Xoble. He took his seat in the Senate of the United States, December 12th, 1816, and drew the term expiring March 4th, 1819. He was the first and only United States Senator elected who resided here when elected. He died at his mother's house in Lunenberg County, Virginia, August 26, 1826.

Thomas Randolph

He was a native of "S'irginia and a blood relation of the celebrated John Eandolph of Eoanoke, and also of Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence. He was a lawyer of superior ability, a fine scholar and forcible speaker. He was the LTnited States Attorney for the District of Indiana. In 1809 he was a candidate for delegate in Congress against Jonathan Jennings. Being a Virginian Ijv birth and an intimate friend of Gov. Harrison, who was known to be favorable to the suspension of the operation of the ordinance of 1787, forbidding slavery for a term of years, he was charged by the friends of Mr. Jennings to be secretly in favor of slavery. Mr. Eandolph denied this charge and challenged Dr. McNamee, an ardent supporter of Jennings, who circulated the cliarge, to fight a duel. But Mc- T^amee refused to accept the challenge. A paper was started here to oppose Randolph and assist in the election of Jennings. The contest was very bitter and resulted in the defeat of Mr. Eandolph by a majority of 43 votes.

Edward A. Hannegan

He was born in the State of Ohio. In early life he removed to Lexington, Kentucky. He studied law and came here and commenced his brilliant career. He was married here by Eev. Samuel R. Alexander, on April 4th, 1829, to Miss Margaret C. Duncan. After practicing his profession here for several years he removed to Covington, Indiana. He was elected to the 23d and 24th Congresses from his district. In 1843 he was elected to the Senate of the United States to succeed Oliver H. Smith, and served one full term of six years in that body. He was regarded as the most eloquent member of the Senate during his service. He delivered an extempore eulogy on the death of Henry Clay, the "G-reat Commoner,*' which was regarded by the country as a master performance. During the presidential election of 1844, the Democratic party declared in favor of fixing the Oregon boundary line at 54 degrees, 40 minutes or fight. But after the election Mr. Polk yielded to the demands of Great Britain and the boundary line was fixed at 49 degrees. For this concession Mr. Hannegan denounced the President in a speech of great power on the floor of the Senate in the course of which he used the memoral)le expression, "by this act of perfid}^ the President has sunk himself so low in popular estimation that the hand of resurrection would never reach him.'' After the close of his senatorial career he left the state and located at St. Louis to practice his profession. But soon after he died

Samuel Jidah

He was born in the City of Xew York in 1798. He came to Indiana and first located at Merom in Sullivan Count,y. But he soon came here and located and remained here until his death. He was regarded as one of the ablest lawyers in the state. His reputation was not confined to the limits of the state. He was frequently employed in important cases in other states. In the court here he was employed on one side of every important case that came before the court for trial. He was the chief counsel employed by the Yincennes University in the long and tedious litigation springing from the unjust attempt of the Indiana Legii^lature to deprive the Yincennes University of the grant of lands made to it by Congress. When the case was in the state courts, ^Ir. Judah was before an unfriendly tribunal and the decisions were always against him. But not discouraged by tlie adverse decisions of the state court, he persevered and appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, and was there success- fill and finally prevented the state from diverting the hind grants for the benefit of the Indiana University. Mr. Jndah married Harriet Brandon, a daughter of Alexander Brandon, and three sons and three daughters were the fruit of this marriage. Of the daughters, Mrs. Alice Clark alone survives. The three sons are living. John M. Judah is a leading attorney of Indianapolis. Xolile Judah occupies a prominent position at the liar and in political circles in Chicago. Samuel B. Judah resides in A^inceiines and is the Deputy Eevenue Collector of this district and collects monthly about a quarter million dollars of internal revenue. Mr. Judah died at Yincennes, April 24, 1869, and was buried in the city cemetery.