Sioux Falls City (part 1 of 6)

Sioux Falls City

Causes of deaths in Minnehaha county and City of Sioux Falls: Scarlet fever, county 3, city 4; measles, city i ; diphtheria and croup, county 10, city 3; enteric fever, county 7, city 2; malarial fever, county i; diarrheal diseases, county 11, city 5; cancer and tumors, county 2; consumption, county 4, city 7; pneumonia, county 9, city 4; childbirth and puerperal diseases, county 3, city I.

Aggregate number of prisoners, 178. Parents native, 68; one parent foreign, 11; both parents foreign, 57; one or both parents unknown, 3; foreign born, 44; nativity unknown, 4; negroes, 2; Chinese, none; Indians, 9. There were two female prisoners, one with one parent foreign, and the other with both parents foreign. Of these prisoners, 97 were confined in the state penitentiary; 72 in the county jails; military prisoners, 8; insane, i.

Sioux Palls was the first place inhabited bv white men in the valley of the Big- Sioux, and in the hrst chapter of this book a carefully prepared account of the most important events in her history down to 1S75 appears. What was then only a little villag-e is now the most populous and important citv in the state, and althoug-h not without natural advantag^es, this development and g-rowth has been in the main the result of the push and enterprise of her citizens. But the history of the methods adopted, and the means used, are more in harmony with the purpose of this work than any g"eneralization we could possibly make; we will therefore proceed to present a complete summary of her municipal affairs, public institutions, industries, and other important matters, which as a whole indicate the character and importance of every community, hoping- our readers, with the aid of the illustrations, will find our treatment of the subject interesting- and instructive.

The Incorporation Of The Village And City Op Sioux Palls, And Important Municipal

The twelfth session of the leg-islative assembly of the Territory of Dakota passed an act incorporating- the villag-e of Sioux Palls. The territory comprised 1,200 acres, including- all of section 16, and a row of forty acre tracts on the east, south and west of the same section. The charter was brief, but comprehensive. The g-overnment of the corporation and the g-eneral manag-ement of its affairs were vested in a president, who was ex officio a trustee, and four trustees. The elections were held annually on the first Tuesday of March, and the term of all the elective officers was for one year.

C. K. Howard was elected president of the hoard of trustees and held this office four successive years. During- his administration a liberal policy was pursued, and the growth of the villag-e, if not phenomenal, was of such a character as to inspire the residents with bright hopes of the future of Sioux Palls.

The act incorporating- the villag"e of Sioux Falls was amended in 1879, creating- the office of villag-e justice of the peace, and defining his duties and jurisdiction.

Although prosperous under the villag-e org-anization, her citizens in 1882 beg-an to realize that the charter pattern was too small and restrictive, and public meeting-s were held for the purpose of takingmeasures to secure a city charter. The question was discussed, and the sentiment of the people found to be strong-ly in favor of immediate action, and a committee was appointed to draft a charter and report to a meeting- of the citizens to take place in the future, so that the wisdom of the whole villag-e mig-ht be broug-ht to bear upon its construction.

It was at this juncture of aifairs that the writer became a resident of Sioux Falls, and had the pleasure of listening- to the report of this committee, consisting- of L. S. Swezev and A. C. Phillips. .V g-ood deal of interest was manifest at these meeting-s, and very few, if any, of the provisions of the proposed charter escaped discussion. When the charter had been completed by the committee and received the sanction of the public in the form of a bill for enactment by the territorial leg-islature then in session at Yankton, it was conveyed there by a committee, and became a law on March 3, 1883.

By the provisions of this charter the city was divided into four wards, and the annual city election fixed for the first Tuesday in April. The elective officers were a mayor, two aldermen from each ward, clerk, assessor, treasurer, police justice and city justice. The offices of citv attorney, marshal, policeman, street commissioner, health officer and board of health were created, to be filled by appointment by the mayor, and confirmed by the council. A board of education was also established, consisting of two members from each ward to have control of the public schools.

The first city election took place on the 3d day of April, 1883, and it was the last one held at a sing-le polling- place. The contest for mayor was spirited. There were three candidates in the field, namely, Jacob Schaetzel, Jr., C. W. Hubbard and Dexter J. Knapp; 806 votes were cast, Schaetzel receiving- 414, Hubbard 376 and Knapp 16. By referring- to the list of city officials it will be seen that a strong- council was elected, and for business capacity, the mayor and aldermen who had in charg-e the aifairs of the city the first year of its existence, has not been surpassed if equaled since then. The city, of course, inherited the ()l:>lig'ations of the \illag-e as well as its assets. The Daily Press, at the time Sioux Falls became a city, published the following- statement of the debits and credits of the defunct village: "The financial condition of the villag-e at this time shows that the amount of indebtedness on account of the g-eneral fund was S22,20(); the village was bonded to the amount of S2<),000 for aid in securing- the earlier completion of the St. Paul Railroad; the indebtedness on account of the board of education inchidint*- bonds was S2(),80O, makino- a total inde])tedness of about S69,000, to be assumed by the city. The total assets to be turned over to the city niav be enumerated as follows: fire apparatus worth $7,000; real estate in the way of lots, eng'ine and truck houses, prison, etc., $2,- 500; rio-ht of way and depot jj-rounds for the Milwaukee Railroad, S6,- 500; school property, including- thirty-two city lots, three brick school houses and one frame, S33,000; for the S20,()00 railroad bonds the villa<j-e was amply compensated, at but a small per cent of the amount other communities have paid for similar enterprises, which made the total assets S69,000, an exact balance for the indebtedness it was called upon to assume."

It was during- the first year of the city gfovernment, that the "telephone war" occurred, and a brief outline of the facts will demonstrate that the administration was energfetic and efficient in protecting- the interests of the public.

In March, 1882, a telephone company was org-anized with a capital of S10,000. About September 25, the same year, the instruments arrived in the city, and the McKinney and Scoug-al bank g-ot the first one. About the first day of July, 1883, the property of this company was transferred to the Erie Teleg-raph & Telephone Co., a corporation org-anized in the State of New York - and from this time the telephone business beg-an to thrive. To transact the business, poles had been erected on Phillips avenue, and the company claimed the rig-ht to erect them on any and all the streets and avenues in the city. The city authorities decided that the erection of poles and the string'ing- of wires on the principal business streets of the citv was a ]Hiblic nuisance, and on the Oth day of October, 1883, so declared by ordinance, and prohibited the companv from erecting- poles on Phillips and Main avenues, and g-ave the company ten days to remove those already erected. The company disreg-arded the provisions of the ordinance, and on November 3, the mayor, upheld by the city council, caused the poles to be cut down and removed. The companv employed Winsor & Swezey of Sioux Palls and Gamble Bros, of Yankton, and on November 24, a suit was broug-ht ag-ainst the cit\' for ten thousand dollars damagfes. On December 18, the plaintiff obtained an injunction from Judg-e Edg-erton, one of the supreme court judges of the territory (there being- no judg-e in this district at that time), restraining- the city, its officers, ag-ents and servants, "from destroying-, removing- or interfering- with the telephone lines, poles, fixtures and wnres of the plaintiff, and from obstructing-, preventing- or interfering- with the company, its ag-ents and servants, in restoring-, repairing-, erecting- and extending- its lines, poles, fixtures and wires, as mav be necessary in repairing", operating- and maintaining-its telephone exchang-e in the said City of Sioux Falls." This order, as will be seen, permitted the company to erect poles and establish telephone lines, notwithstanding" the ordinance of the citv, and almost seemed to decide the merits of the case in advance of the issues formed. On December 20, the defendant demurred to plaintiff's complaint. On December 22, the defendant moved to dissohe the injunction of December 18, and obtained an order from Judg-e

Edg-erton, staying- the operation of the injunction, while the motion to dissolve was pending-. Bartlett Tripp was employed to assist A. Prizzell, who was at this time city attorney. The motion was heard before Jiidg-e Edg-erton and taken under advisement, and on Pebruarv 4, 1884, the motion to dissolve was denied, and the order stayingthe operation of the injunction vacated. This order was served on the city attorney on February 9, and published in the Daily Press the next morning-. The parties were on a "war footing-" agfain, and the city authorities were more determined than ever that no poles should be erected nor wires strung- on Phillips and Main avenues by the company. The city council was called tog-ether on Pebruary 11, and as it was one of the notable sessions of this body, the proceedings are recorded here: "Present, the mavor, Jacob Schaetzel, Jr., Aldermen Porter P. Peck, N. E. Phillips, Georg-e A. Knott, M. Grig-sby,P. L. Boyce and True Dennis. M. Grig-sby moved that the city marshal be instructed to enforce the teleg-raph and telephone ordinance under any and all circumstances." This motion, after striking- out the declaration of war, was carried. Nothing- further occurred until Pebruary 18, when the company commenced dig-g-inga hole for a telephone pole near the corner of Phillips avenue and Tenth street. John Reynolds, Prank Dockery and Peter McCarrier were eng-ag-ed in the work, when City Marshal C. T. Jeffers appeared on the scene and arrested them all under an old villag-e ordinance, making- it unlawful "to dig- and remove earth in the streets." Their defense was that they were dig-g-ing- a hole for a telephone pole, but Judg-e Hawkins disregarded Judg-e Edg-erton's injunction, and lined them three dollars each, and costs, and that they stand committed until the fine and costs were paid. They appealed to the district court. About March 20, Judge Palmer, who had recently been appointed associate justice of the supreme court, signed an order requiring- Jacob Schaetzel, Jr., C. T. Jeffers, R. C. Hawkins, M. Grigsby and Porter P. Peck to show cause on April 1, at the court house in Sioux Palls, why they should not be judged guilty of contempt and punished for disobeying- the injunction of Judg-e Edge r ton. By agreement the hearing- was postponed a few days, when it was heard before Judg-e Palmer. A. Prizzell, Bartlett Tripp and Capt. Start of Wisconsin appeared in behalf of the city, and Winsor & Sw^ezey and John Gamble in support of the contempt proceedings. It was a hearing that aroused a good deal of interest, and was ably and exhaustively conducted on both sides. The only paper that was ever filed in this case after this, is only four lines in leng-th, from which it appears that the case was settled, and as the writer settled the case he feels authorized to say that less than twentv-five dollars disposed of the whole matter, and the poles of the company were never erected on Phillips and Main avenues.

The vigor of the administration of city affairs under Mayor Schaetzel, stamped the city as being- alive to her interests, and since that time the city officials have, as a whole, been active and vigorous in doing everything that the growth and development of the city demanded. Bonding the city for the building- of railroads, the grading and paving of streets, and such other matters as come before city councils in youn^ and rapidly trro\vin^»- municipalities have been up for action before the city councils of Sioux Falls, and at all times and under all circumstances have been cared for in such manner as to meet the approval of the citizens g-enerally. Of course, matters have come before the council from time to time upon which there has been g-reat diversity of opinion amon<>- its members, and occasionally combinations have been formed and projects carried throuofh, especially in reference to the appointment of the minor city officials, without much reg-ard to the minority.

One thing- can be truthfully said of all the mayors of the city, they have been representative men. They have all been business men, vigorous and enterprising in their own affairs, and anxious for the prosperity of the city. And w^hile they have all been men in which the positive element largely predominated, still every one of them has had sufficient elasticity in his make-up to enable him to stretch a point for the welfare of the city in his administration.

What the citv has done in its leg-islative and administrative capacity, will more appropriately appear in connection with special topics considered elsewhere.

Village Officers

The first annual election of officers in the village of Sioux Falls took place the third Tuesday in March, 1877, when the following officers were elected:

Jacob Schaetzel, Jr., was president from July 24, 1882, when he was elected to fill vacancy caused by the death 'of T. T. Cochran, who died on the 20th day of June, 1882.

City Officers

1884. Mayor, Jacob Schaetzel, Jr.; aldermen, 1st ward, P. P. Peck, N. E. Phillips; 2d ward, Georg-e A. Knott, C. S. Bowen; 3d ward, M. Grigsby, John P. Norton; 4th ward, True Dennis, H M. Stearns; clerk, W. H. Holt; treasurer, E. E. Sag-e; assessor, P. S. Emerson; police justice, R. C. Hawkins; city justice, L. D. Henry; attorney, A. Prizzell; marshal, C. T. Jeffers; street commissioner. L. C. Winslow. C. S. Bowen died in Pebruary, 1885. Otto Heynson was appointed March 24, to fill vacancy, but did not qualify, and Charles L. Norton was appointed April 14, 1885.

1889. Mayor, W. E. Willey; aldermen, 1st ward, Mark Bridge, E. J. Mannix; 2d ward, Fred Kreiser, Geo. A. Knott; 3d ward, C. G. Coats, J. G. Strahon; 4th ward. J. B. Watson, Thomas Mc- Kinnon; attorney, A. Frizzell; auditor, W. H. Holt; treasurer, Geo. B. Sammons; chief of police, John Donahoe; police justice, R. C. Hawkins; citv justice, M. A. Stickney; street commissioner, Joseph Sampson; assessors, Wm. Beckler, W. E. Austin, J. H. Voorhees; health officer, S. Olney.

1890. Mavor, Porter P. Peck; Aldermen, 1st ward, W. G. McKennon, F. L. Blackman; 2d ward, W. W. Brookings, Thomas Scanlan; 3d ward, C. G. Coats, J. S. Lewis; 4th ward, Thomas McKinnon, Alex Reid; attorney, C. L. Brookway; auditor, W. H. Holt; treasurer, Geo. B. Sammons; chief of police, A. B. Wheelock; police justice, R. C. Hawkins; city justice, M. A.^ Stickney; assessor, E. G. Wrig-ht; eng-ineer, D. C. Rice; street commissioner, R. J. Huston; health officer, S. A. Brown, M. D.

1891. Mavor, Porter P. Peck; Aldermen, 1st ward, W. G. McKennon, F~ L. Blackman; 2d ward, S. E. Blauvelt, Thomas Scanlan; 3d ward, C. G. Coats, J. J. Murry; 4th ward, Alex Reid, Thomas McKinnon; 5th ward, J. S. Lewis, G. W. Burnside; 6th ward, J. B. Fearon, D. L. McKinney; attorney, C. L. Brockway; auditor, W. H. Holt; treasurer, Geo. B. Sammons; chief of police, A. B. Wheelock; police justice, R. C. Hawkins; city justice, M. A. Stickney; assessor, C. S. Carr; eng-ineer, D. C. Rice; street commissioner, J. Sampson; building- inspector, C. F. Martin; health officer, S. A. Brown.

1892. Mayor, Porter P. Peck; Aldermen, 1st ward, Mark Bridgfe, F. L. Blackman; 2d ward, S. E. Blauvelt, Thomas Scanlan; 3d ward, J. J. Murry, E. M. Shotwell; 4th ward, Thomas McKinnon, Alexander Reid^; 5th ward, G. W. Burnside, J. A. Ward; 6th ward, D. L. McKinney, J. B. Fearon; attorney, D. E. Powers; treasurer, P. P. Boy Ian; auditor, Roy Williams; chief of police, W. H. Martin; police justice, R. C. Hawkins; city justice, A. B. Wheelock; assessors, A. J. Taber, Jonah Jones; eng-ineer, D. C. Rice; buildinginspector, C. F. Martin; street commissioner, J. Sampson; chief of fire department, Jerry Carleton; health officer, J. C. Morg-an.

Joseph Sampson's term of office as street commissioner expired, and John T. Summers was appointed November 19, to fill vancancy. Frank L. Blackman, by moving- out of the ward, vacated his office as alderman on Februarv 17, 1893.

1893. Mayor, Porter P. Peck; aldermen, 1st ward, Mark Bridg-e, J. W. Craig-; 2d ward, Thomas Scanlon, John T. Cog-an; 3d ward, E. W. Shotwell, John Murry; 4th ward, Thomas McKinnon, Alex. Reid; 5th ward, Joseph A. Ward, Geo. W. Burnside; 6th ward, D. L. McKinney, Joseph Sampson; attorney, D. E. Powers, who resig-ned about September 20, and John H."^Gates was appointed; treasurer, P. P. Boylan; auditor, Roy Williams; chief of police, W. H. Martin, for a few months, when Joseph Dickson was appointed; police justice, R. C, Hawkins; city justice, A. B. Wheelock; assessor.

1894. Mayor, Roy Williams; aldermen, 1st ward, J. W. Craig-, Anton Christopherson; 2d ward, John T. Cog-an, W. D. Roberts; 3d ward, John Murry, B. H. Lien; 4th ward, Thomas McKinnon, Alex. Reid; 5th ward, Georg-e W. Burnside, P. J. Morstad; 6th ward, Joseph Sampson, Pred Kreiser; attorney, C. P. Bates; treasurer, P. P. Boylan; auditor, P. L. Blackman; chief of police, W. H. Martin; police justice, W. D. Stites; city justice, A. B. Wheelock; assessor, E. Eng-leson; city eng-ineer, J. M. James; building- inspector, R. H. Booth; street commissioner, E. M. Shotwell; chief fire department, Jerry Carleton; health officer, A. H. Tufts.

1895. Mayor, Roy Williams; alderman, 1st w^ard, Anton Christopherson, J. W. Craig-; 2d ward, W. D. Roberts, John T. Cog-an; 3d ward, B. H. Lien, Daniel Scott; 4th w^ard, Thomas McKinnon, Samuel Hurst; 5th ward, P. J. Morstad, Georg-e W. Burnside; 6th ward, Pred Kreiser, Joseph Sampson; attorney, C, P. Bates; treasurer, P. P. Boylan; auditor, P. L. Blackman; chief of police, W. H. Martin; justice, W. D. Stites; city justice, A. B. Wheelock; assessor, Georg-e Arneson; city eng-ineer, J. M. James; building- inspector, R. H. Booth; street commissioner, B. M. Shotwell; chief fire department, W. P. McKeever; health officer, A. H. Tufts.

1 896. Mayor, A . H. Stites; alderman, 1st ward, J. W. Craig-, W^ T. Doolittle; 2d ward, John Cog-an, G. H. Barry; 3d ward, Daniel Scott, Theodore Pankow; 4th ward, Samuel Hurst, W. D. Roberts; 5th ward, Georg-e W. Burnside, P. J. Morstad; 6th ward, A. H. Kilroy, M. M. Plaskey; attorney, D. E. Powers; treasurer, P. P. Bovlan; auditor, P. iJ. Blackman, chief of police, Joseph K. Dickson; police justice, O. A. Powler; city justice, A. B. Wheelock; assessor, (t. H. Kiland; city eng-ineer, S. B. Howe; building- inspector, R. H. Booth; street commissioner, G. W. Ward; chief fire department, W. P. McKeever; health officer. Dr. Stephen Olney.

1809. Mayor, B. H. Lien; treasurer, John Olson; police justice, O. A. Fowler; citv justice, Cvrus Walts; alderman, 1st ward, W. T, Doolittle, R. E. Woodworth; 2d ward, W. E. Willev, Mark Bridoe; 3d w^ard, Theodore Pankow, D. C. Ricker; 4th ward, S. H. Hurst, Alex Reid; 5th ward, P. J. Morstad, G. W. Burnside; 6th ward, M. M. Flaske\% Ira Soule; auditor, L. M. Estabrook; attorney. D. J. Conw^ay; assessor, Roy Williams; buildin<>- inspector, R. H. Booth; chief of police, Fred Kreiser; chief of lire department, James M. Tatman; eng-ineer, S. B. Howe; health officer, H. W. Subera; street commissioner, E. M. Shotw^ell.

Strang-e as it may seem, no steps w^ere taken in the Sioux Falls district to secure the benefit of the school law% and no active measures w^ere taken to organize the district until the spring- of 1873, nearly two years after the division of the county into school districts had been made. At that time, the necessity of a public school having' forced itself upon the communit3^ a petition w^as circulated among" the citizens asking- for the org-anization of a school board.

Prior to this time four terms of school had been taug-ht in Sioux Falls township. During- the winter of 1871-2, a Mr. Leonard taug-ht school in a sod shant}' near where the brewery now stands. About the first of September, 1872. Mrs. E. H. Darrow^ commenced a select school in the barracks, and taught three months, and the followingwinter she taught a term of school in a log house northeast of the city on what is known as the David Reynold's place. During the winter of 1872-3, Miss Clara Ledyard (now Mrs. Lewis) taught school in the barracks.

On the 14th dav of April, 1873, Albion Thorne, superintendent of public instruction, issued an order to Edwin Sharpe, "a householder in district No. 1," to post notices in said district of the first school meeting to be held April 29, 1873, at 7 o'clock p. m., in the room used for school purposes in Sioux Falls. At this meeting the first school officers of the town of Sioux Falls were elected as follows: A. Gale, director; R. F. Pettigrew, clerk; D. S. Goodyear, treasurer.

A special meeting of the voters of the district was called May 12, 1873, in the school room at Sioux Falls, and on motion of Mr. Grigsby it was ordered that a tax of one per cent should be levied for the purpose of building a school house. A motion was then made by Mr. Bippus that a tax of one per cent be voted to purchase school furniture and for other purposes, which was also carried. A committee of five, consisting of the following named persons was appointed bv the chair to select suitable grounds for a school house: J. Bippus, R. Booth, M. Grigsby, H. J. Whipple and R. F. Pettig-rew. The meeting then adjourned to May 25, at which time Mr. Bippus, chairman of the committee, stated that he had no definite report to make and asked for more time, whereupon the committee was continued for one week.

ported that Mr. A. Gale would sell lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, block 2 of Gale's addition to Sioux Falls for two hundred and fifty dollars, and that J. L. Phillips would sell lots 3, 4, 5, 14, 15 and 16, block 7 for two hundred and fifty dollars. The report of the committee was accepted and the district board was instructed to contract for the lots mentioned in the report. On motion of R. H. Booth, the tax voted at a previous meeting- was rescinded, and on motion of Mr. Pettig-rew a tax of one per cent for building- a school house was voted. A public school was now supposed to be a thing of the near future, but the people were doomed to disappointment. The treasurer had doubts in regard to his authority to collect the tax, and before these doubts were satisfied the warrant had expired by limitation. There beingconsequently no money and no way of raising it at that time, the idea of a public school was for a time abandoned.

On the 6th of September, 1873, A. Gale, chairman and director of the board, called another school meeting and a new board was elected as follows: A. Gale, director; H. J. Whipple, treasurer and C. W. McDonald, secretary. The tax voted at the last meeting was rescinded, and a tax of one-half of one per cent for building- a school house and one-quarter of one per cent for teachers' wag-es and furnishing the school house was voted, and the district officers were instructed to collect such tax as soon as possible. The board was also authorized to rent a room suitable for a school room, and to employ a female teacher for three months during the ensuing- fall. It was also voted to have six months' additional school during the next school year. The board was instructed to advertise for plans and specifications for a school house, the cost not to exceed one thousand dollars, and in order to carry out these instructions was authorized to borrow money as it might deem proper, not to exceed one thousand dollars.

The newly elected board fully realizing- the difficulties to be encountered, and determining to fulfil their duties faithfully, met on the Monday following their election and pledged themselves, each to the other, that every possible effort should be made to organize and continue a public school in Sioux Falls. That this pledg-e was sacredly kept the results of their efforts will show, and the pride with which this result was reported by the clerk to the district at the expiration of the year is surely pardonable, the more especially as it is not, as the clerk naively remarks "for electioneering- purposes."

In accordance with instructions, notices were posted to the effect that the board would receive sealed proposals for the erection of a school house in Sioux Falls until Saturday evening September 13, 1873. The district was canvassed and the total number of children between the ages of five and twenty-one was found to be 136 - 76 males and 60 females. On September 13, the board met to open bids for building- a school house, and the clerk was instructed to enter into a contract with J. F. Burg-er for the erection of a school building-. Miss Clara Ledyard was employed as teacher for three months at thirty dollars per month. She taug-ht in Libbey's hall, which was located on the east side of Main avenue, between Seventh and Eighth streets.

September 15, the board met and the clerk reported that Mr. Burger would not enter into a contract to build the school house, and it was decided to advertise for new bids.

September 16, they met ag-ain in the oftice of Petti(*-rew & Ori(»-sbv and a number of assessments were made' and added to the list. The official bond of H. J. Whipple as district treasurer with C. K. Howard as surety in the sum of three thousand dollars was presented and approved.

September 29, the board held another meeting-, at which the new bids for the school building- were opened. Edwin Sharp's bid for nine hundred and eig-hty-iive dollars was the lowest, and being- within the limit of the instructions to the board, a contract with Mr. Sharpe was entered into.

Having- thus secured the building- of a school house, the attention of the board was now directed to the collection of the tax voted. On the 25th day of September, a warrant for the collection, tog-ether with the tax list, was placed in the hands of the treasurer. On the 3d day of November, this warrant was returned to the clerk, with the receipt of the county treasurer, showing- that nine hundred thirty-four dollars and eig-hty-five cents remained unpaid. And now difficulties were encountered and questions raised. The collection of the tax was resisted by some of the tax payers and a petition for an injunction was presented to Judg-e Shannon, asking- the court to restrain further proceeding-s in its collection. The petition was not g-ranted, and the tax was finally collected. On the 14th day of November, 1873, a title bond was obtained from A. Gale and wife, runningto the school board and its successors in office, for block No. 2 in Gale's Sioux Palls. A contract was made with the Eureka Mfg-. Co. of Rock Palls, 111., for furniture for the school house amounting- to three hundred forty-four dollars and fifty cents. On the 5th day of December, 1873, the school house was finished and turned over to the district, to the satisfaction of all concerned.

On the 12th of December, 1873, Miss Ledyard made a report to the board of the first public school in Sioux Brails. The total number of pupils enrolled was 74 - 44 boys and 30 g-irls. The averag^e daily attendance was 40. The enforced collection of the tax in 1873, caused a feeling-, which resulted in a petition being- presented to the countv asking- for the formation of other districts, and on the 6th day of January, 1874, sections 1, 2,^11, 12, 13 and 14, were set off as a part of district No. 16, and section 15 tog-ether with that portion of sections 9, 10 and 22, lying- on the rig-ht bank of the Big- Sioux river, were desig-nated as district No. 25. A petition was presented to the clerk asking- that H. J. Whipple be employed to teach the next term of school. Mr. Whipple was therefore eng-ag-ed, the term beg-inning- January 12, 1874, and continuing- twelve weeks. The total number of pupils during- this term was 81, the daily averag-e attendance 58. On the 28th of April another term beg-an, Miss Mary H. Corey beingemployed as teacher. Total number of pupils 66, averag-e daily attendance 44. On the 4th of July this term ended and with it the first year of public school in Sioux Palls.

The members of the board were re-elected for the ensuing- year and instructed to provide for nine months of school to beg-in September 7th, 1874, and Miss M. H. Corey was eng-ag-ed at a salary of forty dollars per month. By November, 1874, the number of children in the district had increased to such an extent, that an additional schoolroom and teacher were found necessary and the proposition of the trustees of the M. E. Church for the use of their room and stove at nine dollars per month was accepted, and Miss Clara Ledyard was employed at a salary of thirty-five dollars per month. She was g-iven the primary department and had 47 scholars, and Miss Corey had a total of 62.

At the annual meeting- in 1875 Artemus Gale was elected director, C. W. McDonald clerk and Cyrus Walts treasurer. The M. E. Church building- was ag-ain rented for the primary school. This department was taug-ht by Miss Clara Ledyard the entire year, the hig-her department bv Miss Corey during- the fall and winter terms, and by Miss E. F. Cowdrey during- the spring- term. Duringthis year the board paid to Artemas Gale and to Dr J. L. Phillips, the full amount due, including- interest on the lots contracted for in June, 1873, and the deeds were placed on record.

At the annual meetings in 1876, T. H. Brown was elected director, the other officers holding- over. The teachers employed were Newton Clark and Miss L. C. Bryan, at a salary of fifty and thirty dollars per month, respectively. The winter term was closed on account of an epidemic of scarlet fever in a very virulent form. A bell was placed in position and blanks were provided for weekly reports, the combined influences of which produced a beneficial effect on the punctuality and attendance of the pupils as shown by a comparison of the reports.

At the session of the leg-islature in 1877, the school law was so amended as to make the election of officers come in the spring-, and in accordance with this amendment, the next annual meeting- was held April 3, 1877. T. H. Brown was elected director for one year, C. W. McDonald clerk for two years and Cyrus Walts treasurer for two years. Mr. L. D. Henry and Miss L. C. Bryan were the teachers employed. The crowded condition of the school, caused by the increased and increasing- population, led to a special meeting- of the district November 10, 1870. As the result of this meeting-, the Phillips hall was rented for four months at twenty dollars per month, and Mr. Henrv was transferred from the school house to the hall, the intermediate department was placed in charg-e of Miss Bryan, and Miss S. Wag-ner was employed to teach in the primary department.

At the annual meeting- in 1878, T. H. Brown was elected director for the ensuing- three years. The question of providing- a suitable school building- for the increasing-needsof the district was discussed, and after several meeting-s had been held, a ])uilding- committee was selected, consisting- of T. H. Brown, C. W. McDonald, Cyrus Walts, J. B. Young- and N. E. Phillips. This committee was instructed to proceed with the erection of a building- and after due deliberation the plans were drawn bv C. A. Wilbur of Dubuque, for a frame, lirick veneered building- sixty feet square, two stories and basement, with stair wavs and entrances outside each floor to be divided in the center lioth wavs, making eight school rooms, the rooms on each floor to be connected bv an octagonal room in the center of the building. The contract was let to John D. Cameron and the work was (lone in the fall of 187S and the spring- of 187*). This is the building now called the Irving school.

District No. 25 held its first meeting- on Noveml)er 28, 1874, in the office of Amos F. Shaw. J. F. Webber was elected director, A. F. Shaw treasurer, and O. P. Weston clerk, and it was voted that there should be three months school during- the ensuing winter. For \arious reasons, the first term of school did not beg-in until May 31, 1875, ending- Aug'ust 2<), 1875. Miss AUie L. Storey was the teacher emploved at a salary of twenty-five dollars per month. The total number of pupils enrolled during- the term was 0 - 4 being- tlie^averag-e daily attendance. At the annual meeting- in the fall of 1875, H. W. Lewis was elected director, O. P. Weston clerk and A. F. Shaw treasurer. During- the ensuing- vear no school was taught, the pupils from this district attending- school in district No. 1, their tuition being- paid by district No. 25. At the annual meeting- in 1876, H. W. Lewis was elected director for three years. No school was taug-ht the following- winter, the pupils attending- school in district No. 1 as before.

At the annual meeting- in the spring- of 1877, the officers of the previous year were re-elected and it was voted to g-o ahead and build a school house as soon as possible, and three lots were purchased from A. F. Shaw for a site. During- the ensuing- summer a term of school was taug-ht by Miss Alice Morrison. The total number of pupils enrolled was 15. Averag-e daily attendance, 11.

In July a special meeting- was called and E. M. Harthorn was elected director to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. Lyewis. At the annual meeting- in the spring- of 1878, M. A. Stickney was elected director. A term of school was taug-ht during- the followingsummer by Miss Inda Bryan and one in the fall by Miss Cora Chamberlain.

On January 16, 1879, a meeting- was held for the purpose of protesting- ag-ainst the consolidation of districts No. 25 and No. 1, and resolutions to that effect were passed and sent to the leg-islature. This was the last meeting- of district No. 25.

At the leg-islative session in 1879, the independent school district of Sioux Palls was incorporated, embracing- the corporate limits of the villag-e of Sioux Palls. A board of education was appointed composed of the following- g-entlemen: Edwin Sharpe, Cyrus Walts, A. P. Shaw, O. P. Weston, E. A. Sherman, B. P. Campbell, N. E. Phillips and T. H. Brown.

On the 11th of March, 1879, the board of education held its first meeting- and from that date, school districts 1 and 25 ceased to exist. At this meeting- T. H. Brown was elected president and N. E. Phillips secretary. T. H. Brown, Cyrus Walts, N. E. Phillips and L. D. Henry were appointed a committee for the examination of teachers. L. D. Henry was employed as principal at a salary of seventy-five dollars per month, and Misses Louise C. Bryan, Cora E. Chamberlain and Sarah Wagner as assistants. Mrs. Annie Roberts was employed for the primary school, which was located on the east side of the river, in the school house built by the old district No. 25. The salary of the lady teachers was fixed at thirty-five dollars per month and the term of school beg-an March 24, ending- June 20, 1879.

April 1, 1879, N. E. Phillips resig-ned the office of secretary and E. O. Kimberly was appointed to fill the vacancy at a salary of one hundred dollars per year. May 14, 1879, Mr. Kimberly resig-ned and Chas. M. Morse was elected to the office of secretary. Aug-ust 5, T. H. Brown resigned his position as a member of the board and John Bippus was appointed to fill the vacancy.

It was deemed necessary to employ two additional teachers for the term commencing September 1, 1879, and on August 23, an examination was held in the high school building. The same teachers were retained in the high school building as had been employed during the previous spring, and the same salaries paid. September

13, 1879, Chas. M. Morse resig-ned and Prank L. Boyce was elected secretary of the board. The teachers for the winter term of 1879-80 were Professor L. D. Henry, Misses Mina L. Fletcher, L. C. Bryan, Maud V. Rouse, Cora E. Chamberlain, Sarah Wag-ner and Nellie Blanchard.

After the March election in 1880, the board of education was made up of the following- named persons: John Bippus, Cvrus Walts, A. F. Shaw, B. F. Campbell, N. E. Phillips, E. O. Kimberly, W. R. Bourne and Edwin Sharpe.

John Bippus was elected president. The same teachers were retained for the spring- term of school. July 20, N. E. Phillips resig-ned as member of the board and T. H. Brown was appointed to fill the vacancy. The teachers for the ensuing* school year were: J. B. Hawley, principal, at a salary of nine hundred dollars per year; Mrs. C. Everett, Misses L.C.Bryan, Cora Chamberlain, Nellie Blanchard, Ada Allison and Helen J. MacPherson, at a salary of three hundred and fifty dollars per year. Mr. Bourne having- resig-ned as a member of the board, E. A. Sherman was appointed to fill the vacancy.

At a meeting- held February 12, 1881, it was ordered that the schools be closed on account of the scarcity of fuel. This was the winter of the g*reat fall of snow the details of which will be found elsewhere. The schools remained closed until the second day of May, when they were opened for a term of eig-ht weeks.

In 1881, the following- persons composed the board of education: T. H. Brown, E. O. Kimberly, E. A. Sherman, Edwin Sharpe, C. L. Norton, Cyrus Walts, W. H." Nelson and O. P. Weston. Mr. Sherman was elected president of the board and Frank L. Boyce secretary. The teachers for the ensuing- year were: S. E. Young- principal, Misses Mary Bissett, C. A. Parker, Carrie Thompson, Nellie Blanchard, T. M. Rice and Mrs. Everett for the hig-h school, and Miss L. C. Kinney for the east side school. In December Miss Thompson resig-ned and Miss Josephine McCormack was selected to fill the vacancy in the school. In February, 1882, it was found necessary to divide room No. 1, and Miss Ellen A. Fairbank was employed in the new room. A committee of three was appointed to look up school house sites, one in Gale's addition and one in Bennett's Brooking-s' or McClelland's addition. The election in 1882 made no chang-e in the members of the board and the officers of the board of the previous year were re-elected. Lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 15, 16, 17 and 18, and the north half of lots 5 and 14, in block 10, West Sioux Falls, were purchased of Edward Watson for nine hundred dollars, and nine lots on the east side were purchased of the Dakota Improvement Company for four hundred and fifty dollars. T. C. Marson was awarded the contract to build two school houses, four rooms in each, two on each floor, buildings to be frame with brick veneering-. These building-s were erected in the summer of 1882, and were opened for school purposes at the beg-inning- of the winter term, January, 1883, and are now known as the Hawthorne and Whittier schools. S. E. Young- was superintendent of schools during- the school year of 1882.

the board and was succeeded bvT. A. Robinson. The board for the ensuing year, consisting- of O. B. Weston, W. H. Nelson, C. L. Norton, A.'C. Phillips, Albert Reynolds, H. W. Ross, R. G. Parmley and L. D. Henry, met June 11, 1883, for the election of officers with the following- result: President W. H. Nelson, secretary T. A. Robinson. The salary of the principal, S. E. Young-, was fixed at one hundred and twenty dollars per month; that of all teachers having- taug-ht one year or more in the city schools, four hundred dollars per year; all others, three hundred and fifty dollars per year, except the principal assistant in the Central school, who was to receive four hundred dollars, and the principals in the North and East schools were to receive four hundred and fortv dollars per vear.

In June, the old school building and the lots on the east side of the river were sold, and in August of the same year, block No. 40, in Gale's Sixth addition, was bought for the sum of fifteen hundred dollars, and the contract for erecting the building- thereon was awarded to A. J. Mabey for six thousand four hundred twenty-one dollars and fifty cents. The Advent church was rented for school purposes at a rental of eight dollars per month.

In 1885, John Bippus, John W. Leverett, E. S. Norton, W. H. Nelson, E. P. Livingston, N. E. Stringham, S. McCormack, and O. P. Weston were members of the board of education. W. H. Nelson was elected president and T. A. Robinson secretary. On the 16th day of June, Professor Free, who had made application for the position of superintendent for the ensuing year, withdrew his application, and on July 17, Livingston McCartney was engaged at a salary of SI, 000. Rev. E. P. Livingston, member of the board from the 4th ward died in September, and Peter Becker was appointed to fill the vacancy October 23.

In September, 1885, at the suggestion of Professor McCartney, the schools were named as follows: the central building was called the Irving school, the north building- the Hawthorne, the east building the Whittier and the southeast building the Longfellow.

In 1886, the board was made up of the following- named persons: John Bippus, G. C. Jones, J. \Y. Leverett, E. S. Norton, W. H. Nelson, N. E. Stringham, O. P. Weston and Rev. W. J. Skillman. Mr. Nelson was elected president and T. A. Robinson secretary. Professor McCartney's salary was raised to SI, 200.

In April, 1887, the board ag-ain recog-nized the necessity for more school room, and block 32 in Folsora's 2d addition and the south half of block 4 in Covell's addition were purchased, the former for fourteen hundred dollars, the latter for twenty-five hundred dollars. The board of education in 1887, was as follows: F. S. Emerson, J. M. Bailey, Jr., E. S. Norton, Otto Heynsohn, W. H. Nelson, N. E.

In 1888, J. M. Bailev, Jr., P. P. Peck, Roy Williams, Otto Hevnsohn, W. H. Nelson, N.'E. String-ham, Rev. W. J. Skillman and"F. M. Gee. constituted the board of education. It appears from the records that the board was not entirely harmonious upon some propositions. They could not aofree upon a president and, althouy-h they balloted on several occasions, no one was elected, and W. H. Nelson presided at their meetino-s. Professor McCartney was employed as superintendent for another year, and T. A. Robinson was elected secretary, but resigned, and on the 29th of June, I>. R. Root was elected. In the spring- of 1888, plans were drawn by W. L. Dow for a six room stone building-, and in June the contract was let to Jordan Bros, for ?15,1()0. The building- was finished in the winter of 18S'). and was named the Lincoln school.

The result of the election in 1889, left only the Rev. W. J. Skillman and P. M. (xee of the old members upon the board. Cyrus Walts, R. J. Wells, Wm. VanBps, Carl Kleinpel, (xeorge Arneson and W. R. King-sbury were the members elected. L. R. Root havingresigned as secretary on the 11th day of May, 1889, T. G. Brown was elected. Professor McCartney's application for the position of superintendent was accepted, but afterwards he asked to be relieved from his contract, which was granted by the board, and Professor J. K. Davis was employed in his place. In July the board decided to purchase block 2 of tract 9, Mason's addition, at a price not to exceed S2,000 for a school site, and to build a school house in northeast Sioux Palls, 24x36, the cost not to exceed S()00. In July the contract for building- an addition to the north school building- was awarded to T. N. Ross for S2,250, also the contract for the northeast building, (known as the Riverside school) for SI, 050. These were built during the summer of 1889 and opened for use in the fall. At a reg-ular meeting of the board March 10,1890, it was decided to erect an eight room building of Sioux Palls jasper in block 32, Polsom's addition, on the ground already owned by the school board. Plans and specifications were furnished by Messrs. Sargent & Cross, In July the contract for the building was awarded to A. O. Almos for S28,500, and the name of Lowell school given to the building^-. On the 7th day of April, 1890; Mr. Kleinpel resigned, and C. E. McKinney was appointed to fill the vacancy May 5, 1890. During the school year of 1889, Cyrus W^alts was president of the board.

After the election in 1890, the board of education was as follows: 1st ward, Cyrus Walts, J. T. Gilbert; 2d ward, Wm. Van Eps, C. E. McKinnev; 3d ward, George Arneson, W. R. Kingsbury; 4th ward, Rev. W. J. Skillman, P. M. Gee. The Rev. AV. Skillman was elected president and T. G. Brown secretary. Professor A. M. Rowe was employed as superintendent.

In 1891, the legislature passed an extensive educational l)ill, and although it occupied forty pages in the session laws of 1891, still no ordinary mortal could determine from its provisions the proper time for holding school elections in the city of Sioux Palls. Owing to the uncertainty in this matter, no election for members of the board of education was held in the city of Sioux Falls in 1891 and 1892. The old members remained on the board until 1893. J. T. Gilbert was president in 1891-2 and T. G. Brown secretary. Professor Rowe was eng-ag-ed as superintendent for 1892.

In June, 1891, it was decided to purchase lots 14, 15 and 16, block 17, Summit addition, for $1,000, and in July the contract for the building- was awarded to James Byrne for $2,128, according- to ])lans drawn by J. Schwarz, and the building- was completed October 1, 1891. The Lowell school building- was accepted the 7th day of September, 1891.

In June, 1892, block 15 in Harrison's addition was purchased for school purposes, and the contract for building- a school house was let to James Byrne on the 8th day of July for the sum of S2,175. The block cost $1,200. This school is known as the Meredith school, and the building- was first occupied for school purposes in the fall of 1892. On the 21st day of October, Columbus day was celebrated by the schools. The Arg-us-Leader of that date says: "This morning- occurred the g-randest celebration which Sioux Palls has seen in years. For conception, org-anization and execution it surpasses anvthingever attempted here, and the impression made upon the larg-e audience was one of surprise and admiration. Certainly Professor Rowe and his able corps of teachers deserve the hig-hest praise for the smoothness with which the attractive parade and program were executed." On the 30th day of December the board passed a resolution requesting- the mayor of the city of Sioux Falls to call an election to determine whether the city would bond in the sum of $40,000

By the records of the school board it appears, that in February 18*)4 Miss Helen King-sbury was teaching- school in Hunter's addition in a room that had been obtained for that purpose.

The third session of the legislature passed an act proxiding-a time for holding- election for school offices in municipalities, and by this means, at the annual city election in April, 18*)3, the members of the board of education, who had been compelled to perform its thankless duties for so long- a time, had an opportunity to retire, and others desirious of g-iving- the educational interests of the city the benefit of their services had an opportunity to attain to the position of a member of the city board of education.

G. Cherry vice president and Curtis Beach secretary. Promptly upon org-anization the board proceeded to elect Professor Rowe superintendent of schools, and fixed his salary at $1,800. H. J, Davenport was elected as principal of the hig-h school at a salary of S1,000.

E. D. Morcom was re-elected president of the board and Curtis Beach secretary, and Professor Rowe was ag-ain employed as superintendent and H. J. Davenport as principal of the hig-h school. The salary of the superintendent was fixed at Sl,()50.

The board orgfanized by re-electing- E. D. Morcom president and Curtis H. Beach secretary, and then proceeded to consider the question of the employment of a superintendent.

At the previous session of the leg-islature a law was passed that provided for the election of one member of the school board at larg-e, and Herbert L. Greene was elected, and all the members were pres- ent at the meeting-. Upon the question of the employment of Professor Rowe, the vote stood seven for and six ag-ainst, and while the majority had the matter in hand, they voted to employ him for two years at a salary of $1,650. It was a lively meeting-, and althoug-h a reg-ular adjournment was had, some of the members of the school board discussed the question upon the following- day, at which time the atmosphere was so exhilarating- that g-reat warmth of tone and expression was ind.ulg-ed in. Mark Scott, publisher of the Sioux Falls Journal, published what purported to be a report of what was said by the members at the meeting- and upon the street, and was indicted for libel, tried, convicted and fined $100 for doing- so.

L. A. Perkins was elected president, Arthur C. Philli])s, vice president, B. H. ReOua, treasurer, C. J. Skinner, clerk. Y". C Mc- Clelland was employed as superintendent at a salary of $1,400, and H. J. Davenport as principal of the hig-h school. Ed. Tobin died in November, 18%.

According- to the clerk's report of June 30, 1899, the number of school building's in the city were nine; g-raded schools in the district forty-eig-ht; total number of departments in same, twelve; schools having- libraries, three; teachers employed, three male, and forty-six female teachers; number of pupils enrolled, boys, 975; girls, 1,079.

Calvary Church. - The first church building- erected in Minnehaha county was Calvary Church ( EpiscopalJ in 1872. It was located on the northwest corner of Main avenue and Ninth street, and remained there until the summer of 1882.

Work was commenced upon the buildin^- the latter part of Mav, and it was completed and services held for the first time on Sundav, Auo-ust 11, 1872. The lumber and other materials used in its construction were purchased from Minneapolis and hauled from Worthin o-ton, Minn., by wag-on.

The Rev. W. H. H. Ross was in charg-e of the mission at Sioux Falls at this time, and as he was the first resident minister, and or- "-anized the first church societv, and built the first church in Sioux

Prills, we will insert here a short biog-raphical sketch of this pioneer minister. He was born in Calhoun county, Michio-an, April 16,1840; studied for the ministry at Camden, New Jersey, under the tuition of Bishop Hare, also at Nebraska Colleg-e, and, for a brief time, under the direction of Rev. Dr. Hoyt, at Yankton; was admitted to the Diaconate by Bishop Clarkson at that place in the spring- of 1871, and at this time placed in charg-e of the work at Sioux Falls and towns adjacent. He resided in Sioux Falls three years. In June, 1874, he was ordained to the priesthood at Yankton by Bishop Clarkson, and the follow ing- month was transferred to the Diocese of Wisconsin, where he has since remained.

situated were sold and the building- remov^ed to the corner of Springavenue and Tenth street, where the parish had purchased four lots for the church building- and rectory.

In 1886 an addition was made to the church building- for Sundav school and g-uild purposes. During- the spring- of 1889 the church building- was taken down, and some of the materials used in the construction of the building-s in connection with the Episcopal cathedral then being- built on the southeast corner of Main avenue and Thirteenth street. During- this time and until Calvary house was readv for occupancy, the services of the Episcopal church were held at different places, most of the time in the G. A. R. block on Main avenue. The first service held in Calvary house was on Aug-ust 18, 1889.

The resident rectors of the Episcopal church since the ministration of the Rev, W. H. Ross have been the Reverends Powler, Hunting-ton, Berry, McBride, Harris, Gardiner, Wallace, Trimble and Pisher, respectiveh% in the order named. The Rev. W. W. Powler came to Sioux Palls immediately upon the departure of Rev. Ross, and held his first service on July 15, 1874, and preached his farewell sermon November 7, 1875. The Rev. Hunting-ton (who was a brother of Bishop Hunting-ton) succeeded Mr. Powler and remained nearly two years. Then a lay reader by the name of William Pag-e Case held services in the church for one year; he came to Sioux Palls in 1878, and was ordained deacon in the summer of 1879. Prom the fall of that year until the spring- of 1880 only occasional services were held in the church, when the Rev. Thomas B. Berry arrived with his family and took charg-e of the work. During- the summer of 1881 Mrs. Berry died, and soon after Mr. Berry removed from Sioux Palls. The next rector was the Rev. James M. McBride, who came from Hudson, S. D. He held occasional services in the church during- the winter of 1881-2, and on the 10th day of April, 1882, a call to become the rector of the parish was accepted by him. He remained in charg-e until some time in the early summer of 1884, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Dr. William J. Harris, who remained one year, leaving- Sioux Palls on the 17th day of June, 1885. On Sunday, July 21, 1885, the Rev. Prederick Gardiner held services for the first time in the Episcopal church, and remained in charg-e four years, after which the services Mere conducted by Bishop Hare and such Episcopal ministers as the Bishop called to his aid, until the arrival of the Rev. Georg-e Wallace on the 18th day of January, 1890. He preached his first sermon January 26, and remained as pastor of the parish until June, 1892.

A short time after his departure the Rev. Dr. James Trimble became pastor, and remained until September 1st, 1895. Prom this time for several weeks the parish was without a pastor, and the pulpit was supplied by ministers from adjacent parishes. In the earh' part of December, 1895, Bishop Hare presented to the vestry of the parish the name of the Rev. Thomas L. Pisher of Clinton, Massachusetts, for pastor. The vestry promptly confirmed his nomination, and Mr. Pisher immediately came to Sioux Palls to take charg-e of the parish until the next Easter, when he was to decide whether he would remain or not. He preached his first sermon in the cathedral on Sunday, December 22, 1895, and the Easter followintif became the pastor of the church. He remained in char^jfe until in May, 1899, when he resigned. He was devoted to his work, and his administrations were not confined to his parishioners. He was greatly beloved by all ^vho had the pleasure of his acquaintance, and the people of Sioux Falls deeply regretted his removal to other fields of labor.

In the latter part of December, 1887, Bishop Hare received a letter from John Jacob Astor of New York City, announcing the death of his wife a few days previous. In this letter he wrote the Bishop as follows: "As Mrs. Astor gave so much of her time and best energies to the country in which you are established as Bishop, I should like to do something to cause her to be remembered there at least for a time. Mrs. Astor showed me photographs of, I think, two chapels and parsonages or rectories, which she had built, and it occurred to me that a church of a better or more permanent character than the above would be most useful in some good part of your diocese. I would propose something suitable, but not so expensive as to be a burden for its support in a new country, and would ask vou if S15,000 would secure the land for a suitable edifice and rectory, and pay for the building and rectory fully equipped as to chancel, pews or seats, warming apparatus, communion plate, etc., etc., and organ. Will you please give me your views as to this, and how the property could be vested so as to protect it."

The terms of Mr. Astor 's proposal left Bishop Hare free to erect the proposed Memorial Church in any part of South Dakota. A few weeks after. Bishop Hare visited Mr. Astor and had a conference \\ ith him, and he consented to increase his gift to S21,000, for a Cathedral Church, to be erected at Sioux Palls, to be built of stone, and named Saint Augusta, after his wife, Charlotte Augusta; the title to he vested in the Board of Trusts of South Dakota, a body incorporated and known as "The Chapter of Calvary Cathedral, Sioux Falls, Dakota." This gift was deposited in a bank in New York City, to the credit of the Treasurer of Calvary Cathedral, and Bishop Hare as Bishop and President. Eventually Mr. Astor added two gifts of S2,500 each to his original donation, to carry out certain plans which the Bishop presented to him.

The church was built under the supervision of Bishop Hare. The corner stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies on the 5th day of December, 1888, and the church was completed during the fall of 1889, and consecrated on the 18th day of Deceml^er of that year. September 13, 1890, Bishop Hare transferred the title to the two lots on which the church was built to the Chapter of Calvary Cathedral. On the 28th day of February, 1891, in conformity with the provisions of the deed of September 13, 1890, the Bishop declared the Church of Saint Augusta to be his Cathedral Church.

First Methodist Episcopal Church. - One of the first church organizations in the county was the First M. E. church in Sioux Palls. For the following statement of facts the writer is in a great measure indebted to an article written by the Rev. Lewis Hartsough and published in the Sioux Falls Press in 1892, giving its history down to that time. In 1871 the Rev. Bennett Mitchell, presiding elder of the Sioux City district, eng-ag-ed the services of the Rev. Thomas Cuthbert, an Eng-lish preacher who had settled east of the Sioux river, and a Methodist society was formed, and Mr. C. V. Booth was appointed the first class leader. In 1872-3 the Rev. G. M. Curl succeeded him. The conference year at this time beg-an in the fall. In 1873-4, the Rev. J. W. Rig-by was the preacher in charg-e, and he reported to the annual conference twenty-nine members, and a collection of $300 for salaries of presiding- elder and pastor. The Rev. G. D. Hook was next pastor, and he reported a membership of eig-hty-four and a collection of S537 for salaries. The Rev. B. B. Scott succeeded him, and was the pastor in 1875-6. The Rev. William Fielder was pastor from 1876 to 1879, and during- his pastorate the church building- standing- on the corner of Main avenue and Eleventh street was erected. The Rev. S. P. Marsh was pastor 1879-80. In 1880 the Rev. Lewis Hartsoug-h became pastor, and remained in charg-e two years. In 1881 the parsonag-e was built - the first in the city; and the only church bell in the city for several years was in the Methodist church. The Rev. A. 'P. Lyon was pastor in 1882-3; Rev. A. Jamieson, 1884-5; Rev. J. H. Mooers, 1885-6; Rev. F. M. Robertson, 1886-9. In the fall of 1889 the Rev. L. L. Hanscom became the pastor, and remained in charg-e for nearly four years. During- his pastorate a fine church and parsonag-e was erected on the corner of Minnesota avenue and Eleventh street, and the church was dedicated on Sunday, the 17th day of January. The services took place in the forenoon, and were participated in by the

Reverends W. H. Jordan, L. Hartsouo-h, J. P. Jenkins, W. H. Wilson, L. L. Hanscom, E. P. Wise and Jesse Cole, who was then Presiding- Elder of the Sheldon district in Iowa, and preached the sermon on this occasion. A fraternal meeting- was held in the afternoon in which the Reverends A. K. Fuller, J. N. Hutchinson, and J. A. Cruzan, pastors of the Baptist, Presbyterian and Cong-reg-ational churches in the city, took part. The lots, church £ind parsonag-e cost upwards of sixteen thousand dollars. The seating- capacity of the church proper is three hundred, but when the lecture room is thrown open in connection with it, it seats five hundred. The Rev. J. O. Dobson succeeded the Rev. Mr. Hanscom in October, 1893, and remained in charg-e two years, when he was appointed Presiding- Elder of the Sioux Palls district, and the Rev. W. H. Jordan became, and still remains, the pastor of the church. The church was fortunate in securing- as pastors during- the last five years the Reverends Dobson and Jordan, who have contributed not a little to the flatteringreputation the clerg-y of Sioux Palls has justly earned, as earnest, fearless, and able ministers of the g-ospel. The church is in a prosperous condition, and is one of the strong-est in the city. It has a large Sunda}' school, and several other org-anizations connected with it; the Epworth Leag-ue, Junior Leag-ue, Ladies' xVid Society, Ladies' Bible Club, Women's Poreig-n Missionary Society, Mercy Help Workers, and Veterans' Class.

Free Methodist Church. - The Free Methodist church of Sioux Falls, was org-anized November 11,1878, by S. P. La Due, with nine charter members, as follows: F. H. Warren, E. E. Warren, Geo. Hyde, H. Van De Mark, E. Brown, I. P. Ulrich, A. W. Hayes, Mary L. Hayes and Mrs. S. A. Kimball. Services w^ere held for about six months in the school house on First avenue and Twelfth street. In May, 1879, a small frame church building- was erected on P'^irst avenue, between Eleventh and Twelfth streets. In January, 1884, a more commodious church building- w^as erected on the corner Fourth avenue and Fourteenth street, at a cost of SI, 600. 00. This is the building- now occupied by the society, and will seat 200 people.

The present membership numbers twenty, and services are held regularly. Rev. H. L. Torrey, the present pastor, officiating-. There is also a Sunday school, w^hich meets reg-ularly.

Jordan Methodist Church. - This young- and g-rowing- society had a very humble beg-inning-. On the 9th day of November, 1890, Rev. J. P. Jenkins, city missionary, held service in an old building-, know'n as Durg-en's store, on Fifth street, on the East side. From that time on reg-ular Sunday services were held in that place a little over a year. December 27, 1890, a society of sixteen members was org-anized, and an eig-ht weeks revival meeting- follow^ed, resulting- in thirty conversions and reclamations, and nearly that number of accessions to the society by letter and on probation. In the early spring- following-, steps were taking- toward building- a house of worship. In March two lots were purchased on the corner of Emerson street and Melrose avenue, a plan for a church selected and subscription papers circulated with encouraging- results. Soon after the ground was broken and work commenced. Much of the labor was donated, and for this reason and on account of delays with the Church Extension society, from which valuable assistance was received, the work prog-ressed very slowly. The church was completed and dedicated December 6, 1891, the Rev. Lewis Curts, D. D.,of Chicag-o conducting- the services. The entire local indebtedness upon the property was provided for, larg-ely by subscription. The Rev. J. P. Jenkins was the first pastor, and the church prospered under his charg-e. During- 1894 the Rev. Nathan Fawell became its pastor and g-reatly endeared himself to his parishioners by his faithful and efficient work. In October, 1896, he was transferred to Hot Spring-s, South Dakota, where he died the 11th day of February, 1897. The next pastors were the Rev. G. F. Notson and the Rev. H. W. Brown, and the present pastor is the Rev. W. B. Stewart. The church building- is a very handsome and appropriate structure, and has a fine location. There is a g-ood congreg-ation and a flourishing- Sunday school connected with the church.

Scandinavian Methodist Episcopal Church. - This church was org-anized in 1897, by four Scandinavian families residing- in the city of Sioux Falls, and some families residing- in Lincoln county. The services are held in the basement of the Unitarian church building- every other Sundav, and the present membership is twelve. The Rev. Andrew W. Rosness has supplied the pulpit, in connection with his charg-e in Minnesota, since the fall of 1897, and there is the usual Ladies' Societv in aid of the church work.

Congregational Church. - Althoug-h there were occasional services held by Cong-reg-ational ministers who visited Sioux Falls during- the years 1870 and 1871, there was no attempt made to org-anize a society until 1872. The following- are the names of some of the ministers who officiated during- the vears preceding- the org-anization. Rev. Jos. Ward, D. D., of Yankton;Rev. J. E. Roy, D. D., of Chicag-o, field superintendent of the American Home Missionary Societv; Rev. A. L. Rig-g-s, D. D., and Rev. Dr. Williamson, missionaries to the Sioux Indians.

In April, 1872, the American Home Missionary Society sent Rev. J. A. Palmer of Gridley, 111., to Sioux Falls, and as the result of his labors on the 7th day of July of that year the First Cong-reg-ational Church was org-anized with the following- charter members: Messrs. E. O. Cadwell, Artemas Gale, O. O. Holman, H. W. Lewis, Ira Mason, M. C. Prescott, Wm. Robertson, Mrs. H. C. Phillips and Mrs. N. Prescott, At a subsequent meeting- the following- officers were elected: Deacon, Wm. Robertson; clerk, H. W. Lewis; trustees, Messrs. J. L. Phillips, Artemas Gale and O. Q. Holman; treasurer. Dr. J. L. Phillips.

On Sunday July 28, 1872, a sermon was preached by Rev. J. E. Roy, D. D., a Cong-reg-ational minister from Chicag-o, in Dr. J. L. Phillips' house. In October of the same year, the church was received into the fellowship of the Cong-reg-ational churches, and was represented in the General Association of Dakota, which met that year at Vermillion.

the Sunday school was org-anized, with E. A. Sherman as superintendent. During- the same month Mrs. J. L. Phillips, Mrs. C. J. Skinner and Mrs. E. A. Sherman were appointed a music committee, and the first choir was organized.

Mr. Palmer remained in Sioux Palls three years, closing- his pastorate April 1st, 1875. October 30, 1875, Rev. A. D. Adams was installed as pastor and remained until September, 1877, when he tendered his resig-nation, which the church declined to accept. In Aug-ust, 1878, the resig-nation was renewed and accepted and in the December following- Rev. J. N. McLoney of Sioux City was called to the pastorate. Mr. McLoney remained five vears, and the church prospered under his ministry, 26 members being- added during- the first year. He died March 18th, 1884, after a ling-ering- illness "leaving- the church to mourn the loss of a true and tried friend, one who by his quiet and loving- ways and Christian character and conversation, endeared all hearts to himself." During- his illness Rev. A. P. Lvons of Rock Rapids, a Methodist minister, supplied the pulpit.

In 1873, Messrs. Phillips and Gale offered to gfive lots for a site and an effort was made to raise funds for a church building-, but was unsuccessful. Service had been held first in Dr. Phillips' home, then in various rooms in the barracks, occasionally at the house of C. G. Coats, next for a time in Allen's hall, on the corner of Phillips avenue and 8th street, then in Eib1)v's hall, corner of Main avenue and 7th street, and finally in Phillips' hall on Phillips avenue between Eig-hth and Ninth streets, where they were being- held in 1879, when a successful effort was made to erect a church building-. The present site was secured, one lot being- the g-ift of Dr. J. L. Phillips, one the g-ift of Artemas Gale, the third one being- purchased for S225. February 28, 1879, a building- committee was appointed, consisting- of Messrs. E. A. Sherman, J. B. Young-, L. King'sburv, R. J. Wells and T. G. Brown. During- the following- summer, the building- was erected at a cost of $2,300, and was dedicated in September, 1879, by Rev. James W. Strong-, D. D., president of Carleton CoUeg-e, Northfield, Minnesota. The church was incorporated under the laws of the Territory of Dakota March 6, 1879.

In 1883, the building- was enlarg-ed by an addition at the west end, which increased the seating- capacity nearly one-half. Later the present vestibule was added.

After Mr. McLoney's death, in accordance with a wish expressed by him. Rev. P. E. Holp of Planking'-ton, was called and entered upon the pastorate June 22, 1884.

Mr. Holp remained four years and four months, resig-ning- October 1st, 1888, and for two years afterwards the church was without a pastor. Calls were extended to several different ministers, but for various reasons neg-otiations proved unsuccessful, until in March 1890, correspondence was opened with Rev. J. A. Cruzan of San Francisco, which resulted in his acceptance and on May 25th, 1890, he preached his inaug-ural sermon.

During- the two years intervening- Mr. Holp's and Mr. Cruzan's pastorates the pipe org-an now in use was purchased at a cost of $2,250. Messrs. R. J. Wells and H. L. Hollister were instrumental in securing- it and it was set up and readv for use in January, 1889, and was the first pipe org-an in Sioux Falls.

Mr. Cruzan remained pastor of the church until Aug-ust 1, 1892, when he left for St. Louis, where he remained a short time, and then accepted a call as pastor of a larg-e church at Santa Cruz, California. While he was here the church was prosperous.

On the 6th day of November, 1892, the Rev. D. B. Scott, who had just arrived from Massachusetts, preached his first sermon as pastor of the Cong-reg-ational church, having- accepted a call September 1. He is the pastor of the church at the present time, and under his efficient ministerial administration the church is prospering- and is one of the strong-est in the city. His installation as pastor took place December 22, 1896.

The Ladies' Aid society was org-anized in 1873, and in 1888, having- money on hand to loan, was duly incorporated. It has a membership of thirty, and is in a flourishing- condition financially.

The Woman's Missionary society, after two unsuccessful attempts, was finally org-anized in 1880, and is doing- effective work, with a membership of seventy.

The Lampliiifhters oro-anized in 1885, and the Young- People's society org-ani/ed in 1888, have merg-ed into one society and has a membership of seventy-six; the junior branch numbering- thirtv-six and the senior branch forty members, and is called the Young- Peo- ])le's society.

(tErman Con(;regational Emanuel Church.- This church was org-ani/ed on the 9t]i day of June, 1888, During- the year following a church building- and parsonage were erected on the east side of Walts avenue, between 10th and 11th streets, the former at a cost of

SI, 800, and the latter at a cost of SI, 200, which has been all paid by the members of the cong-reg-ation. Services are held every Sunday, with an averag-e attendance of fifty, and the present pastor is the Rev. John Lich. The membership is thirty-six. There is also a flourishing- Sunday school, with an averag-e attendance of forty-five.

First Baptist Church. - On Sunday, June 20, 1875, Baptist services were held morning- and evening- in Allen's hall in Sioux Falls. After the morning- service a few remained to consider the question of forming- a Baptist church. On the 4th day of July, 1875, an org-anization was perfected with ten members. At this meetingthe Rev. A. W. Hilton was chosen moderator, M. T. Hog-aboom corresponding" secretary and B. F. Roderick clerk.

M. T. Hog-aboom was elected deacon on the 28th day of January, 1877. M. W. Boulet was chosen deacon on the 6th day of October, 1877, and Mrs. Boulet and Mrs. P. P. Dobson were chosen deaconesses at the same time.

On the 29th day of September, 1878, the Rev. Homer E. Norton became pastor of the church, and so remained until he resigned October 1, 1881.

During- the summer of 1882, the society built a church on the corner of Eig-hth street and Dakota avenue, at a cost of about S8,000, and it was dedicated on the 1st day of November, 1882, without a dollar of indebtedness remaining-. This was the seventh church buildino- erected in Sioux Palls.

The Rev. E. B. Meredith became pastor of the church in December, 1882, and so remained until his resignation July 8, 1886. The Rev. E. N. Harris became its pastor on the 1st day of August, 1886, and resigned on the 8th day of August, 1888. Hevvas succeeded bv the Rev. A. K. Fuller, who commenced his labors on the 1st day of September, 1889, and resigned on the 1st day of October, 1892. He was very popular with the people of Sioux Palls, and the church prospered under his ministration. The next pastor was the Rev. W. H. Stifler, who was settled as pastor on the 7th day of December, 1892, and remained as such until his decease Aug-ust 8, 1895. The Rev. Dr. Stifler was a very able man, an excellent pastor, and exceeding-ly popular throug-hout the city. After his decease the Rev. Dr. Dixon supplied the pulpit for a few months with g'reat ability, and he was well liked by his cong-reofation. In Augfust, 1896, the Rev. Dr. A. B. McCurdy accepted a call from the church to become its pastor, and on Aug-ust 30, he preached his first sermon. He was succeeded by the Rev. Bruce Kinney in July, 1897, who remained in charg-e until June, 1898, when, owing- to the declining- health of his wife, he removed to New^ Mexico. The church was then without a pastor until September following-, when the present pastor, the Rev. E. H. Lovett accepted a call from the church. However, he did not begfin his pastorate until December 15, 1898, and preached his first sermon as pastor of the church December 18, following-. There is no churcli in the city that has been more fortunate in the ability and character of its pastors, and under their ministrations it has become one of the strong-est churches in the citv. The membership of the church is about two hundred and thirty-five. It supports five Sunday schools, and has connected with it several societies in aid of the main work of the church.

Swedish Baptist Church. - This church was org-anized May 15, 1883, by Revs. Prank Peterson and C. J. Johnson, with eig-ht constituent members. In 1884 a church building- was erected on Main avenue, between Pourteenth and Pifteenth streets, at a cost of about $2,700, including- all the church property, with a seating- capacity of two hundred, and was dedicated December 21, of that year. Rev. C. J. Johnson became the first pastor of the church, and remained until January, 1885. The Revs. A. B. Nordberg-, J. P. Berlin, A. W. Peterson and L. J. Olsen have been pastors of this church. The Rev. Jacob Olsen has g-reatly assisted the church when without a reg-ular pastor. Since the org-anization of the church there has been one hundred and forty-nine members, of which seventy-one were received by baptism. The present membership is fifty-seven. There is also the usual Ladies' Aid society, and quite a larg-e Sunday school connected with the church.

Pree Will Baptist Church. - In the summer of 1883 a meeting- was called to consider the advisability of organizing- a Pree Will Baptist church in Sioux Palls. At this meeting- Joel W. I^arker and Mrs. Mary H. Darling- were requested to attend the g-eneral conference of Pree Will Baptists, which was to be held in Minneapolis in October of that year, and present the matter of the org-anization of a church in Sioux Palls to that body. As a result of this action the conference authorized the Rev. A. A. Smith to org-anize a church, and he came to Sioux Palls in January, 1884, for that purpose. After spending- Sunday in the city, he requested all persons interested in the org-anization of a Pree Will Baptist church to meet at the home of Mrs. G.W. Mathews on Monday evening- January, 28. At this meeting-Joel W. Parker, Mrs. Mary H. Darling-, Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Leavitt, Mr. and Mrs. G. W. Mathews, Miss Laura Darling- and Charles H. Bancroft were present, and a church was organized. Among the members enrolled at that time were also the Rev. and Mrs. J. G. Hull, his health being- such as to prevent their being present. He died on the 29th day of February following-, and his son, the Rev. J. J. Hull, having come to the city to attend the funeral, was engaged as the first pastor of the church. He removed to Sioux Palls the following- Mav,and remained until April, 1886, when he was succeeded bv Rev. J. H. Walroth, who remained until December, 1886. The next settled pastor of the church was the Rev. David Powell, who had charg-e of the church from March, 1888, until May, 1889. In April, 1890, the Rev. J. J. Hull again became pastor of the church and remained until June, 1893. The next pastor was the Rev. S. R. Toothacre, who remained about six months. Following- him w-as the Rev. Everett Lesher, who remained one year, and then went to the Cobb Divinity School at Lewiston, Maine.

During the month of October, 1885, a foundation for a church was laid at the corner of Minnesota avenue and Fourteenth street, but the church was not built and furnished until 1887. The Rev. J. H. Darling from Michig-an came to Sioux Palls that year and remained three months during- which time he supplied the pulpit and superintended the work upon the church. He was succeeded by the Rev. C. E. Blake from New Hamshire, in the pulpit as well as lookingafter the work of completing- and furnishing the church. To these two men the society is g'reatly indebted, for it was in a g-reat measure through their untiring effort that the erection of the church was accomplished, and enabled its members ever since to meet in a commodious and well furnished church of their own. A comfortable parsonage occupies the lot adjoining- the church, and the cost of the whole property amounts to about S7,000. A Sunday school was organized in the summer of 1884-, and Georg-e W. Mathews was its first superintendent. A Ladies Aid society was org-anized January 30, 1884, which aided largelv in the financial success of the church.

The first officers of this society were Mrs. A. J. Rowland president, Mrs. G. W. Mathews secretary and Mrs. L. R. Ross treasurer. A Woman's Missionary society was also org-anized in the fall of 1884 by the members of this church. After being- without a pastor for several years, the Rev. L. G. Lowell of Franklin Falls, N. H., was secured to take charge of the church. He arrived in Sioux Palls November 24, 1898, and preached his first sermon the following- sunday. The society has kept up its organization and held reg-ular services under adverse circumstances.

St. Michael's Pro-Cathedral. - In October, 1873, the Rev. P. S. Bedard, a Roman Catholic priest, visited Sioux Palls for the purpose of organizing a church and erecting- a church building-, but as there were only a few Catholic families there at that time no attempt to build was made, and his visit was of short duration. During the next three 3'ears Sioux Palls was visited occasionally by a Catholic priest, but not until 1877 were regular sei vices established. During that year the Rev. C. J. Knauf of Adrain, Minnesota, held services in Sioux Falls once a month. He is undoubtedlv the first priest who said Mass in the county. Services were at first' held in the Commercial hotel, and then at the residence of Peter (yilman, and hnally in VanEps' hall. In 1879, the Rev. William M. Maher came to Sioux Palls, directly from the seminary in which he had been studying-, and took charo-e of the church work. He was an industrious churchworker, and soon had a small church huildino- erected on lots purchased by Michael Gerin. However, it had been occupied less than two vears when it was destroyed by fire. The society was aoain w ithout a house of worship, but at once set about to build a commodious brick church. This building- (thejpresent structure) was so far completed that services were held in it for the first time the latter part of Aug-ust, 1882, but was not consecrated until Augfust 5, 1883. Father Maher was in charge of the parish until 1888, and during- his pastorate the church prospered. The Rev. L. A. Ricklin succeeded Father Maher, and was pastor until November, 1891. During- the time he was in charg-e of the church, St. Rose Academy was built. This school was for the education of young- ladies, and was in charg-e of three Ursuline Sisters, and when opened its patronage w^as quite larg-e. A parochial school for both g-irls and bovs was also taug-ht in this building- several terms. In November, 189], the Rev. George Sheehan became pastor of the church, and remained in charg-e until April, 1893, when the Rev. Wm. V. Nolan, the present pastor, succeeded him. Under Father Nolan's charg-e the church has prospered, and there are now about one thousand members. There is a Sunday school connected wnth the church, and in aid of the church work are several flourishing- societies, among- them the League of the Sacred Heart, and the Young- People's Sodality. It only remains to add that the seating- capacity of the church bviildingis about six hundred, and that it is none too larg-e to accommodate the g-reat number of people who ordinarily attend.

German Evangelical Lutheran Zion's Church. - Up to about 1880 there were few Germans in the City of Sioux Palls, but since that time they have become quite numerous. The first German Lutheran minister coming- to the city was Rev. J. Doescher, who came from Yankton in 1876, and remained until 1877, when the Rev. G. E. Friederich succeeded him for one year. These two did little if any ministerial work in the city. Next came the Rev. E. F. Melcher, who resided at Centerville and only made occasional visits to Sioux Falls until September, 1879, when he was succeeded by the Rev. A. Mueller until 1881. Up to that time there had been little prospect of a successful org-anization by reason of a scarcity of Germans in this locality. In 1882, the Rev. E. G. Starck became pastor of the Lutheran Trinity church of Wall Lake township. He commenced holding- reg-ular services in the city every other Sunday, and in g-eneral performing- all the duties of a Lutheran minister. Not having- a church of their ow'n, they first used the Swedish Lutheran church on Sixth street, then the old Episcopal church. The Rev. E. G. Starck worked faithfully until 1889, the Germans becoming- more numerous from year to year, quite a larg-e number attending- the services. During- all these years, however, no cong-reg-ation was org-anized. There w^as a strong- factional feeling- prevailing- among- the German Lutherans, wdiich in the course of time led to the org-anization of the German Evang-elical Emanuel cong-reg-ation, the orig-inators being- strongh' opposed to Rev. Starck for several causes, one being- the secret lodge question. Rev. Starck refusing to admit any person belonging to a secret lodge into his church. He, however, w^ent on in his work, always having the majority of the Lutherans on his side. Such was the condition of affairs when in August, 1889, the Rev. G. H. Buscher, succeeded him in the city. Being- convinced that no effectual work could be done without a church of their own, he commenced securing- subscriptions among his people for the erection of a church. In a comparatively short time a church building was erected on Spring avenue, between Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets, the lot on which it stands being donated by the Lutherans of the Minnesota and Dakota district of the Missouri Synod. The edifice w^as dedicated in the latter part of 1889, and a congregation was organized adopting the name of Evangelical Lutheran Zion's Church. In 1890 a parsonage was erected adjoining the church. At the present writing- (March, 1897) there are eig-hty-two communicants, and the total membership of the congregation is about two hundred. There is a flourishing Sunday school and a Ladies' Society connected with the church. The Rev. Mr. Buscher is still its

St. Olaf's Norwegian Lutheran Church. - The Norweg-ian Evang-elical Lutheran Cong-reg-ation of Sioux Palls was org-anized January 10, 1877, by the Rev. O. O. Sando, of the Norweg-ian Evang-elical Lutheran Synod of America, and he became its first pastor. It was incorporated December 31, 1870, with K. Thompson, C. E. Jonsberg- and J. Henjum as trustees. Aug'ust 7, 1881, the Rev. A. J. Lee succeeded the Rev. Mr. Sando as pastor. Before the erection of a church building- services were held in different places, but for some time before the society had a home of their own services were held in the Methodist church. In 1882, a commodious church buildingwas erected on the corner of Dakota avenue and Twelfth street, where the cong-reg-ation has since worshiped. In 1885, the Rev. Olaf

Stub became pastor of the church, but he died during the fall of that year. During- the summer of 1886 the Rev. Hans B. Thorgrimson assumed the duties of pastor, and he remained as such until in December, 1891, when he resig-ned, and Professor A. Mikkelson supplied the pulpit for the next three months. In Januar3% 1892, a call was extended to the Rev. N. N. Boe of Helena, Montana, to become pastor of the church, which was promptly accepted, and he arrived in Sioux Falls the latter part of March, 1892, and since then has been in charge. The membership of the church is about three hundred and fifty, of which two hundred are communicants. There is a Married Ladies' society and a Young- Ladies' society, also a Young- People's society, which has a library of two hundred volumes. Everything is in a prosperous condition, and it is one of the strong- and well attended churches of the city.

The Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church. - The Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church of Sioux Palls, S. D., was organized December 28, 1882. Due notice had been given to the Swedish people of Sioux Palls to meet at the residence of the Rev. J. H. Randahl, for the purpose of effecting a church organization. At this meeting J. H. Randahl was elected chairman and A. H. Randahl secretary. The constitution of the church, which had been adopted by the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Augustana Synod of North America at its regular meeting in Andover, 111., June 15-22, 1870, was read and accepted item by item to become the constitution of the organization. Those who signed the constitution were John H. Randahl, Louis Peterson, Andrew Johnson, Louis Peter Carlson, Gustaf Gothberg, and their wives. It was decided to hold a meeting on the 1st day of March, following, to elect officers, and that all adult persons who signed the constitution before that time should have the right to vote at that meeting. At the time and place appointed those who had signed the constitution met and elected the following officers: Deacons, Louis Peterson for three years, Andrew Johnson for two years, G. Gothberg- for one year; trustees, G. Gothberg three years, Louis Peterson two years, Peter L. Carlson one year. On the 21st day of September, following, the lot on the southeast corner of Spring avenue and Sixth street was purchased for the purpose of erecting a church building thereon. On Monday, the 3d day of December, work on the foundation was commenced, and on January (), 1883, the building being enclosed, the first divine service was held during the evening of that day. The cost of the lot and building was $1,006.76. The first pastor of the church was the Rev. J. H. Ravndahl, who remained until January, 1891. He was succeeded by the Rev. G. A. Ekeberg of Pullman, Illinois, who took charge of the church May 1, 1891, and remained until the fall of 1893. Prom that time the church was without a pastor until the spring of 1895, when the Rev. John Pranzen assumed the charge of the church, and still remains. There are about fifty communicant members, and a flourishing Sunday school with about forty scholars, also the usual Ladies' societies connected with the church.

The United Evangelical Lutheran Trinity Church. - This church was organized in 1888, with twenty-five charter members. In 1894 a commodious and appropriate church building was erected on the southwest corner of Duluth avenue and Pourteenth street, at a cost of $4,000. The first pastor of the church was the Rev. O. T. Nelson, who was succeeded by the Rev, H. Lund, and the Rev. Henrik M. Solem is the present pastor. The church now has a membership of one hundred and ninety, and services are held every Sunday, with an average attendance of about fifty. There is also a flourishing Sunday school, numbering about sixty-five scholars, and a Luther League in aid of the church work.

Seventh Day;Adventist Church. - This church was org-anized February 23, 1880,' by Elder S. B. Whitney, with nine charter members. Services were first held in Sherman's hall, but in 1881 a church building- was erected on Twelfth street between Dakota and Main avenues, at a cost of about SI, 200, in which the contrreg-ation worshiped until a few years ag-o, when the building- was sold, and the services have since been held in the new church located on Duluth avenue between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets. The last mentioned church building- was erected at a cost of S3, 000, which has been all paid by the members. Services are held every Saturday, and the present membership is one hundred, with an averag-e attendance of eightv-five. The Elders who have had charg-eof the church are S. B. Whitney, W. T. Hinton, L. W. Jones, A. D. Olsen, W. B. White, N. W. Kouble, Geo. Bowen, and the present Elders are Fred Powers and L. W. Jones. There is a flourishing- Sabbath school connected with the church, numbering- about one hundred scholars, also Tract, Missionary and other societies in aid of the church work.

All Souls Church. - The first movement looking toward the establishment of a Unitarian church in Sioux Falls was inaug-urated by Rev. John Visher, who came here in 1882 as a missionary of the American Unitarian Association. He organized the "First Unitarian Church" in Sherman's Hall. It had a membership of seventeen and existed for about a year. During- that time it had as pastors Rev. J. H. Keyes and Rev. A. A. Roberts. The former died in the east during his pastorate, and the latter died in Iowa in 1898. On November 5, 1886, a meeting- was held in the office of Wilkes &

Wells, which was addressed by Rev. J. R. Effinger, Secretary of the Western Conference. At that meeting, H. T. Root, Rev. Eliza T. Wilkes, William Beckler and John Bippus were appointed to consider the matter of securing- a preacher. Mrs. Wilkes preached for a month, at the expiration of which time Rev. Caroline J. Bartlett assumed the duties of preacher, and a month later those of pastor of the newly org-anized church. On December 12, under the direction of S. S. Hunting-, a church org-anization was effected and a constitution adopted. The following- persons were charter members of the church: E. A. Ayerst, Emma P. Beckler, William Beckler, Zane R. Big-g-s, John Bippus, Helen A. Carpenter, A. C. Hove, Johanna Hove, T. J. Leavitt, Alice T. Newell, H. C. Newell, Vianna Smith, John Sundback, Eliza T. Wilkes and W. A. Wilkes. On December 19, the following- board of trustees was elected: W. A. Wilkes president, H. T. Root secretary, John Bippus treasurer, John Sundback and H. C. Newell. Articles of incorporation were executed April 22, 1887; certificate of corporate existence sig-ned by the secretary of state. May 3, 1887, and the certificate was filed in the office of the reg-ister of deeds June 4, 1887.

For about a year the services were held in the Adventist church on Ninth street. Almost immediately, however, steps were taken to secure a church edifice, larg-ely throug-h the efforts of Mrs. Wilkes, and with the assistance of the American Unitarian Association, suf- ficient funds were secured to erect a handsome buildino- of Sioux Palls stone, which was ready for occupation earlv in the winter following- the oro"inization of the church. The church was dedicated May 2, 1889.