Fitchburg City (part 4 of 8)

The Rome Clothing Co. is noted for the reliability of its transactions, for the complete lines and desirable goods handled, and for the reasonable prices made on either cash or credit purchases.

Practically two stores are occupied and equal attention is given to men's and women's wear. Suits and garments are handled, and the large stock carried each season embraces the newest fabrics, latest colors and patterns. Each garment or suit contains materials and workmanship to make them long wearing and durable, retaining its shape until worn out.

Lewis Rome, the proprietor, has been in Fitchburg twenty-five or twentysix years, and has been in business in several different locations in that time. He has occupied his present premises for the past five years, and has every convenience to handle and display advantageously h s large stock. He is a successful merchant, known for his enterprise and Public spirit.

P. J. Hart

The length of time a man has been in Jbusiness, and the satisfaction that he has given in that period are the standards by which he must be judged. However able a person may be in his trade or industry, there is always some feeling of experimenting when one gives a contract to him, if he has been in business but a short time. The experimental stage, however, haa long been passed by P. J. Hart, plumber and steamfitter, at 353 Main street, for Mr. Hart has been in business at this shop for the past seventeen years, and has been the head of his own enterprise since March, 1893.

No industrj- of the present day calls for more ability and thoroughness than plumbing. It is an industry in which there has been great advancement, and sanitary and scientific workmanship is demanded by particular people. It is this class of customers that Mr. Hart satisfies, performing expert and painstaking work, attending skilfully to drainage, ventilation and plumbing, and in the installation of any system he follows the plans of the premises with such foresight that future as well as present needs are considered.

Thoughtfulness in placing heating systems, often accounts for the free burning power that ensues, and the moderate consumption of fuel is also dependent upon the correctness with which the system is installed. Mr. Hart has in his eighteen years' operations given proof of his ability in these features, and contracts submitted to him are carefully estimated, and fine workmanship and high-grade material are taken into account. As a result he gives as low a price as any tradesman in this section.

A crew of eight or ten competent men are employed. Bath room, lavatory and toilet supplies are carried in stock, also Richardson & Boynton's well-known heaters. A complete workshop is conducted in the rear of the salesroom, equipped with all tools and materials for plumbing. Heating or steamfitting supplies are at hand, so that work is always promptly attended to.

Mr. Hart came to Fitchburg some twenty-seven years ago, and learned the trade of plumber and steamfitter in this city. He was employed at it a number of years, and eighteen years ago, started a small shop on Putnam street. From his well-known headquarters on Main street, he has directed an increasing number of transactions in the past seventeen years, and is regarded as one of the soundest and most reliable men in this branch of industry.

Mr. Hart is a member of the Board of Trade and Merchants' Association, and lends his Influence and support to all movements that promise the welfare of this community.

James J. Phelan, the undertaker at 156 Water street, had both of these recommendations when he started in business here in June, 1901. He took the business which had been in existence about a quarter of a century, conducted at first by T. J. Butler, and then by his widow, and though the trade of the old concern had been allowed to lapse to some extent in later years, it had the prestige of being an old stand, known to one or two generations,

Mr. Phelan came here from Lowell, where he had been employed by one of the best-known undertakers in that city. He had moreover been employed in Bostox and is a graduate of the United States College of Embalming of New York. Thus his qualifications for obtaining prominence in his chosen field were complete, and he has since demonstrated his scientific ability in anatomical embalming, his tact and courtesy in attending to mourners, and his readiness and enterprise in making all arrangements, so that the bereaved ones are not troubled with unnecessary details in their time of sorrow and loss.

Undertaking furnishings are kept on hand at the office and warerooms on Water street, and appropriate rolling stock is provided for simple or elabor- 'ate ceremonies.

Prayer books, rosaries and other religious books and articles are kept on hand, also stationery, and 'he ware-rooms of Mr. Phelan are "mong the best known in this neighborhood.

Mr. Phelan is a sexton at St. Bernard's church and in charge at the 6.30 o'clock mass; he is financial secretary of the Eagles, a position he held a number of years for the A. O. H. He is also a member of the Foresters, Workmen, and Sheridan Club, and in addition to his position as one of the leading undertakers in this city, is known as a citizen who interests himself in community affairs and encourages all projects that will benefit this municipality.

James J. Phelan

The trade of an undertaking concern Is very slowly built up unless the principal of the business has undoubted recommendations, or succeeds to some old establishment.

Dr. Carriere was born at Winnipeg, Manitoba, in 1878. He passed his early years in British Columbia, and came to Worcester with his parents in 1890. He graduated from the Commercial Academy at Longueull, Quebec, in 1895, and entered the dental office of Dr. A. J. Harpin as assistant in 1898.

In 1899 he entered the University of Maryland at Baltimore, from which he graduated "cum laude." During his studies at that university, he was honored with the post of chief of clinic, and assistant to Prof. J. J. Harri=, and his classmates chose him to make the farewell address.

He began the practice of his profession in 1902 at Holyoke, where he was very successful until the long strike in 1903. He then came to Fitchburg, where he has built up a lucrative practice. He has recently remodeled his office in the Belding block and transformed it into one of the best equipped dental parlors in the city.

In 1906 he married Miss Victoria Moge of Worcester, and they have a charming little daughter, Clarisse. He Is a member of the Franco-American Foresters, Catholic Foresters, X: Psl Phi Dental Fraternity, and of the Fraternal Order of Eagles, in which he has taken an active part. The famous Eagles' field day in June, 1909, the grandest demonstration of its nature ever seen in Fitchburg, was suggested and largely organized by him.

Dr. Carriere has been actively Interested In politics for several years. He was a member of the city committee of the Citizens' party two years, and In 1910 was elected to the common council from Ward 5, despite the fact that there are only about 40 Canadian votes in that district - a convincing proof of the esteem in which he is held by the citizens of Fitchburg. He is first vice-president of the Franco- American Republican club of Massachusetts, an organization having a membership of 800 of the leading Franco-Amerlcans of the state.

Dr. Carriere was the founder and first president of the Immaculate Conception Credit union, a savings Institution among the members of the Immaculate Conception parish.

John L. Bailey

It is an illustration of Emerson's axiom that "if a man make a mousetrap better than his neighbor the public will make a beaten track through the wilderness to his door."

Certainly quality counts, and this has never been more soundly exemplified in this community than by the success of the Bailey confectionery business. As a maker of fine chocolates. there is no concern in this state - and the statement might include this country - that produces more delicious sweets than this one. The heavy, pure chocolate; the delightful mixtures that are contained in the chocolate shells; the bon-bons, the ice cream, candies and caramels, all have a distinctive taste which many manufacturers advertise, but which few produce.

Hard candies, cocoanut cakes, and a number of confections that are unique with this concern are manufactured here, and the quality of the goods is upheld by the place of operation. The making of the candies can be seen from the salesroom, and the premises disclosed are models of cleanliness and neatness, while those engaged in the work are related to their surroundings through their personal trimness and immaculate attire.

The very openness with which these transactions are conducted is proof, if proof were needed, of the hygienic and high-class conditions that prevail. The basement of the building is used for stock and shipments, as a large wholesale trade is also done by this house.

If one were not acquainted with its history, he would naturally assume that it had taken years to attain to the reputation and patronage this concern now has. On the contrary, John I,. Bailey located in Fitchburg Feb. 2, 1907, taking possession of the store at 318 Main street. The premises had been occupied by a number of tradesmen, none of whom had any notable success. Mr. Bailey put in attractive fixtures, panelled and painted the walls and ceilings, and through equipment and decorations provided the atmosphere that is associated with high-class confectionery shops.

Then he offered his distinctive confections, and since the quality of them became known, he has had an increasing trade which places him not only among the leaders in Fitchburg, but among the country's foremost confectioners.

Mr. Bailey comes by the trade of confectionery naturally, as the Bailey house, founded by his father in Manchester. N. H., In 1866, and later conducted in Lowell and Boston, was then one of the best. The proprietor of this house has not now, nor has he had any connection with any other house, since Mr. Bailey, his father, disposed of his business in Boston in 1900.

Mr. Bailey has made a remarkable success of his business since locating in Fitchburg, and hIs fame is not only an asset of his own business, but reflects credit upon our city.

Charles Jasspon & Co

Business Man Who Has Developed Successful Business From Small Beginning The store now occupied by Charles Jasspon & Co., 17 Daniels street. Is the result of a small beginning nearly twelve years ago. Since then Mr. Jasspon has been located In the Cleghom district, and by square dealing and reasonable prices has won the approval of many people who have entire confidence in his goods and the value they represent.

Jasspon & Co., formerly occupied upstairs salesrooms, but last year took possession of the store occupied by Jacques Delisle for 26 years; and. having a larger capacity and a better opportunity for showing goods, they have greatly increased the stock and added to their already large list of customers.

Men's clothing is carried in guaranteed makes, the quality being always expertly selected and the workmanship fully warranted. The latest styles in colors, textures and patterns are shown, and men's furnishings, hats, caps, etc., are also a feature of the stock.

Dry goods, fancy articles, men's and women's neckwear are specialties to which considerable space is devoted, and an assortment of women's readyto-wear goods gives satisfaction to traders here.

Mr. Jasspon came from tVorcester, and in founding his business gave particular attention to desirable goods, which he sold for cash or credit at reasonable prices. The first customers found that his statements regarding wearability and value could always be depended upon, and their patronage and recommendation have assisted in his expansion and success until in his present establishment he has one of the most complete stocks in this section, and a clientele that regards him as a merchant of enterprising and upright methods.

Gardner K. Hudson

Gardner K. Hudson, atttorney and counselor at law, with office in the Park building, 117 Main street, was born in Fitchburg in 1875. Though not all of his younger years were spent in this city, the larger part of his public school education was received here, and he was graduated from the Fitchburg High school in 1892. He was graduated from Brown University in 1896, receiving the degree of A. B. The year following he studied political science at Columbia University, and was graduated from the Harvard Law school, LL. B., in 1901. Mr. Hudson then had two years' experience in the office of one of the leading advocates in Worcester, and in 1903 became established for himself in his home city.

He is recognized as one of the foremost practitioners in this city, and by his professional attainments and sense of civic responsibility has won the respect and esteem of the legal fraternity and his fellow-citizens.

Union Machine Company I.

The Union Machine Co. is a Massachusetts corporation, and was incorporated in the year 1867 with a capital stock of $60,000, the officers being- Francis Sheldon, president; G. C. Burbank, treasurer; S. S. Dow. superintendent. They commenced business by the manufacturing of machine tools, and doing general repairs, after which a woodworking department -w'as added.

The company first became widely known through the manufacture of the "Jucket Steam Fire Engine," which was introduced in 1870, and carried on for about two j'ears, when it was given up, and the manufacture of paper machinery of all kinds begun, which business is its specialty at the present time.

The Union Machine Company is one of those organizations that long ago marked a path for Itself, and in following it has gained a supremacy in its particular field, which gives it a notable standing wherever paper machinery is used, and. brings reflected credit upon the city of Fitchburg, where its plant is located.

There are but a dozen or so manufacturers of paper-mill machinery in the United States, and that such distinctive work should be so reputably performed here gives this city, as well as this company, a desirable prestige. Moreover, the machinery manufactured by this local organization has long had a reputation for excellence and reliability in competitive markets, and this estimation is borne out by the fact that its machines are in use in alt parts of the United States and Canada, and wherever paper is made extensively in foreign countries. Large shipments have been made at different times to Norway and other European countries, and notably to Japan and other parts of the Orient.

Bleach Hoists, Kollergangs, Jordan Engines, Pumps, Stuff Chests, Fourdrinier and Cylinder Paper Machines, are the products to which this company devotes its facilities, and for heavy and high-speed requirements, these latter t-wo machines, as designed and manufactured by the Union Machine Company, answer the most modern requirements. They are constructed according to skillful design and accurate patterns, and in materials used and workmanship employed, under experienced supervision, they represent the highest efficiency and greatest serviceability of any paper machines in the market.

first organized. The steam Are engines which were manufactured soon after the company was organized had a reputation for reliability and general excellence above the ordinary.

In 1882, ten years after the manufacture of paper-making machinery was begun, the plant was entirely renovated and new equipment added, and since then such machines and tools as have advanced this line of work have been introduced. Within the past five years, practically all of this old machinery has been replaced by much more modern and heavier tools. At this writing there are but few machine tools in the shop that were there earlier than five years ago, and in equipment, capacity, and product the company stands among the foremost in this country.

The plant and offices are located at 124 Water street, occupy some three acres of ground, and employ from 50 to 85 men. The officers of the company are M. A. Crocker, president: Emmons Crocker, treasurer; Ernest N. Daulton, vice-president and manager; Rodney Derby, assistant treasurer.

The present treasurer, Mr. Crocker, was secretary of the company in 1886, four years later was made general manager and superintendent, and in

1891 succeeded the late Samuel E. Crocker as treasurer. Mr. Crocker has been the responsible head of the business the past tw'cnty years, and has been the promoter of some of the most progressive movements of the company. He is also treasurer of the Union Screen Plate Co. and of the Union Foundry Co., both of which concerns were formerly operated under the name of the Union Machine Company, but are now distinct and separate companies, each doing a business which would compare favorably in volume with the Union Machine Co., which goes to prove that the separate organization of either of these departments was a move in the right direction.

The Union Foundry Company furnishes the Union Machine Company with iron castings, and the Union Screen Plate Company furnishes the Union Machine Company with brass and composition castings.

The Union Foundry Company does a general foundry business and furnishes iron castings to a large number of local concerns and other mills and machine shops in this vicinity.

Union Screen Plate Company

To obtain supremacy in any line is naturally the ambition of any concern aspiring to development and success. Yet in these days of keen competition the majority must be content with less than the complete attainment of their hopes. That one Fitchburg concern, however, has gone beyond mediocrity and taken a foremost position in the industrial world, is evidenced by the Union Screen Plate company, the laigest producer of screen plates in the world, having a finely equipped plant on Water street in conjunction with the Union Machine company, and a duplicate plant in Lenoxville, . Que.

The Company is the manufacturer of "Union Bronze" and rolled brass screen plates, and wherever pulp or paper machinery is operated, these screen plates are necessary. As the plates made by the Union Company are known for high-grade material and workmanship, they have a demand over all other plates manufactured in this country, and in filling these orders the output reaches a volume that surpasses the production of any other similar industry.

The business of making screen plates was formerly conducted by the Union Machine company, but on the organization of the Union Screen Plate Co., January 1, 1903, all the screen plate machinery, tools and other equipment of the Union Machine Co., and of E. J. Welch & Co., were purchased, and with additions and improvements, the Union Screen Plate company has one of the finest organized and most complete plants in the United States.

Foreign territory as weil as our own states are reached. Canada is supplied from the duplicate plant in the Province of Quebec, and plates are exported to European, Asiatic and South American countries - a notable achievement when the nature and strength

The present officers are E. J. Welch,, president; Emmons Crocker, treasurer; Arthur S. Morse, secretary and assistant treasurer; Edwin S. Babbitt and L. V. Welch, sales agents.

All these men have had experience in industrial affairs and are expert in the production and distribution of screen plates. They give to this business united and loyal efforts, industrious and judicious enterprise, by which the company's supremacy will long be maintained with credit to our city, the Union Snaceh Plate company,, and its present ac^minlstration.

Orswell Mills

The person who takes a pleasure in his tasks is the one who performs them most creditably and satisfactorily. Thus the employer or corporation that provides wholesome conditions, modern facilities and surroundings conducive to contentment and development, has equipped himself with one of the best assets for a successful business.

In the organization of the Orswell Mills, this asset was most soundly incorporated, and in the years that have succeeded the wisdom of the plan has been demonstrated. The mills have been operated almost without interruption. There has been no friction between employers and employees, and the harmony of relations, combined with the facilities and equipment at their disposal, has resulted in expanding operations and an increased production, which in quantity and quality gives the mills a high and sound reputation in textile circles.

As manufacturers of fine cotton yarns, the Orswell Mills have transactions in the staple most generally used in the cotton plants of New England. American, Egyptian and Sea Island

The equipment comprises 40,000 spindles, and some 350 people are employed. The mills, located on River street, are one of the most inviting appearing industrial plants in our city. A broad lawn interposes between the street and building, so that air and light are plentiful, and there is an air of freedom often lacking when blocks are erected close to one another or have no outlook upon anything attractive.

The' mills are of brick construction, four stories high, and with a length of 51 7 feet and depth of 78 feet, they provide an area of 161,304 square feet, beside the engine and boiler house and a commodious storehouse in the rear, while two towers, seventy feet high, ornamental to the front, break the monotony generally characteristic of a factory.

The plant is operated wholly by steam power, and a fifteen hundred horsepower engine is used. Every part of the equipment of the mills was provided for utility and economy, in order that labor might be performed most efficiently and promptly, and with results beneficial to the employees as well as the management.

Such administration has had the successful effect that might have been expected. Its products of fine yarns have almost annually had a wider market and more appreciative demand, so that they are now sold in almost every part of the United States where cotton is manufactured.

The Orswell Mills were erected in 1886, and the first spinning was done in May of that year. The founders of the company were W. M. Orswell, president, and W. F. Stiles, treasurer. The late C. T. Crocker was president at the time of his death. The Orswell Mills is one of Fitchburg's soundest and strongest industrial enterprises, and the fairness and justice with which it la conducted gives its operatives a sense of loyalty and straightforwardness that is not only effective for the company, but also to make them better citizens generally and most desirable residents of this municipality.

Garage Of Ford & Lyon

To be eminent in any sort of business is a most desirable reputation, but in the automobile trade, which is a comparatively new one, there has been so much building and progressiveness that it takes especial initiative and enterprise to be a leader. Yet such is the prestige won by a Fitchburg concern. Ford & Lyon, proprietors of the garage at the corner of Elm and Prichard streets.

The building, which was erected by this firm, is generally considered the finest in New England, being a fireproof structure of two floors, with sightly brick exterior, concrete floors, and asbestos ceilings, and a capacity of 23,000 square feet.

The firm took possession of these premises in January, 1909, and soon after began an extension of the building, which doubled Its capacity, and was ready for occupancy in April of the following year.

The floor allows space for from one hundred and fifty to one hundred and seventy- five cars. A workroom and supply shop is maintained on the second floor, while such conveniences as waiting rooms, an extensive office, toilet apartments and lavatories, are included in the general plan.

The Maxwell, Columbia, and Rambler, are the cars sold here, and one or more of these makes is always on the floor so that a demonstration may be promptly made. The firm is one of the oldest established automobile dealers In this city, a.nd this fact, added to a general know' 'dge of all makes of cars, is proof that .Ye machines they carry

The Maxwell, one of the lower-priced cars, has been used satisfactorily for many seasons, and is known for its reliability and low cost of up-keep.

The Rambler is one of the handsomest designed cars that is assembled, and the Columbia is a vehicle that has particularly smooth and easy riding qualities.

This firm is also the heaviest dealer in automobile supplies and accessories in our city, handling tires, horns, speedometers, lights, and different parts of machines, so that new parts can be secured here, or repair or reconstruction work can be done effectively and immediately, facts appreciated by visiting autoists as well as by owners in this city.

Only skilled men are employed, so that in repair work, or In the housing of machines, the operations necessary for their good condition are trustworthily done.

In all some sixteen people are employed, and all transactions are supervised by E. C. Ford. Mr. Ford has been in the automobile business for the past eight years, and has developed consistently as automobile traffic became more popular and widespread. He was formerly located in the rear of the Fitchburg Hotel. In October, 1908, the partnership between him and R. B. Lyon was formed, after which came the building of this new block, and the expansion in trade which its facilities allowed.

Public Market

among the buyers for households in a large part of the city. Twenty-two years ago, Charles H. Watson bought the meat business of W. W. Lamb, and a little later added to it the grocery business formerly owned by Kelley Brothers. He maintained the prestige of both under the new arrangement, and by alert and conscientious methods, added materially to the volume of transactions.

But the greatest step in advance ha? been of recent occurrence, when the old building was removed to make room for a structure specially designed to meet the requirements of the business, in which is installed the most perfect automatic refrigerating plant it is possible to procure, as well as the latest improvement in accounting and delivering systems.

With this equipment the market is able to keep in the most attractive and sanitary condition its large and carefully selected stock of meats of all kinds, fresh and salt fish, staple and fancy groceries, etc. Under glass, in cases allowing convenient inspection, with the temperature and atmospheric conditions in each at the ideal point for effectiveness in preservation, is always to be seen everything desirable for the table of the customer who believes in the plain diet of the simple life, or that of him who must have all the delicacies. The selling and delivering organization is no less creditable than the equipment.

Charles H. Watson, who has built up and directed this business, has been a resident of Fitchburg more than 25 years, and had previous experience in Boston. He has served two years in the city government, is a member of the Board of Trade and Merchants' Association, and is a public-spirited citizen as well as a successful merchant.

Henry T, Estabrook Is a native of Grafton, Worcester county, Massachusetts. At the age of 14 he entered mercantile life, but one year later abandoned it to learn the shoe business in Marlboro, going thence, some years later, to Nashua, N. H., to engage in the same line of activity with his brother. His health falling, he moved to Asheville, North Carolina, remaining there twelve years, and building up a successful book, stationery and art business. Settling in Fitchburg eighteen years ago, he engaged in the same line of business, in which his store has long been a leader in Worcester county.

During the first 15 years in Fitchburg, Mr. Estabrook occupied a large store in the Y. M. C. A. building, where he merited and enjoyed the good-wiii and patronage of people of this city and vicinity, which has continued to increase from the beginning. His present store is at 15 B.ossom street, in a more central location, and bright, attractiv'e, and well adapted to his business.

A distinguishing feature of Mr. Estabrook's stock is a selected line of pictures in oils and water colors, prints, pastels, etchings and engravings. In all there is unusual value, and special care is taken to guard against pictures which might prove undesirabie.

Mr. Estabrook takes just pride in his large stock of stationery, as well as its varied character. It includes writing papers for business and private correspondence, blank books, ledgers, journals, cash and record books. All kinds of office supplies which come within the stationers trade, may be found, such as legal blanks, loose leaf and other memoranda, and a large variety of arti cles in daily use in homes, schools, and places of business.

The line of mouldings is of a variety and value seidom found even in places many times the size of Fitchburg, a few being the new bronzes, veneers, mahogany, ebony, and other woods, suited to any picture. Correct and artistic framing is a line of work in which Mr. Estabrook deservedly has a reputation second to none. Two essentials have contributed to this result - excellence of materials and a high character of workmanship in every detaii.

Fancy articles, novelties, post cards and albums, artists' materials, and souvenirs are smaller, but very useful articles without reference to which a description of the stock would be far from complete.

In all these departments, it is an advantage to the city to have access to a stock so carefully selected for material, appearance, and applicability to the use intended.

The people of Fitchburg and vicinity were quick to recognize in Mr. Estabrook a business man whose ability and integrity are unquestioned. They have learned with years that their early judgments were correct, and their confidence not misplaced, the best proof of which is their continued patronage and his constant growth in business popularity.

business, and the trade of that class naturally gravitates toward them. We have an example of it in Fitchburg, as certain Lunenburg street property has iong been used for carriage trading and manufacturing, and the reputation that was achieved in earlier days is fuliy maintained by the concerns that are now in operatior

Prominent among them is the carriage and auto-painting house of D. Deiorme, 1C6 Lunenburg street, which is one of the largest shops in the city, and the scene of all sorts of vehicle transactions.

Mr. Delorme has been a carriage worker in our city for thirty , years, and was employed by A. A. Holt at his Lunenburg street establishment for twenty-one years. This period of service gives an idea of the steadfastness and ability of Mr. Deiorme. As proprietor of his own business for the past four years, he has demonstrated his thoroughness in his industry, and his enterprise as a business man.

Automobile painting has been given especial attention, and in order that these machines could be easily driven into the shop, Mr. Delorme removed his shop to the ground floor, where there is plenty of room in which to handle the largest car. The painting or decoration of these vehicles is expertly done, and they are re-assembled perfectly, if they have to be taken apart.

Carriage and sign painting is quite as painstakingly performed, as two competent men are employed, and several extra ones in the riding season.

Rubber tires are applied at reasonable prices, and high-grade carriages and sleighs are kept on hand for sale or exchange. Farm wagons and dumpcarts are also dealt in, and the prices are very reasonable.

Mr. Delorme, as previously mentioned, has had a thorough and extended experience in the carriage and painting business. He has a particularly well-known location on Lunenburg street, and the high quality of his workmanship has made him known as one of our leading industrial men, whose success has been earned by ability and integrity.

Modern Fire Apparatus

Fitchburg is entering upon the era of motor-propelied fire-fighting apparatus. and in this way its fire department will be able to maintain its proud record of efficiency, which has for years been admittediy very ciose to the top in the entire country, as is shown by the annual report of the national fire underwriters.

There has been ordered for delivery in March, a motor-propelled combination hose wagon and chemical engine of great power and range of service. It will be stationed at the central "fire station on Oliver street, and a company of four permanent men will be assigned to man it. This apparatus will be called upon to answer all alarms, and by its ability to reach the scene of trouble quickly, many a fire, nhich otherwise might result in a bad loss, wil. be extinguished in its infancy.

'I imothy F. Murnane, chief of the fire department, is a firm believer in the modern method, which replaces horses with motor ladder trucks and wagons. In his recent annual report he recommends that all apparatus hereafter purchased by the city be mechanically propelled, and his argument is that such apparatus is more economical and efficient.

A low per capita fire loss rate is a valuable asset of a community. A big fire has never hit Fitchburg, and the heads of the local department realize that the only way to keep the situation in hand is to keep ever ahead of it in the personnel of the department and in its equipment.

Misses A. C. & V. C. Henault

One of the most attractive windows in the shopping district is that of the popular millinery establishrnent of the Misses Henault at 197 Main street. Soon after their succession to the wellknown and long established business of Madame Forest, alterations to the building then occupied, compelled removal to a new location. As is often the case, this forced move proved a blessing in disguise, for while it deprived them of the advantage of the familiar stand, it gave them a freshly fitted and more pleasing store, where, their abidty is afforded a better opportunity for displaJ^ Here they have an equipment of showcases, etc., permitting the most attractive arrangement of a large stock, as well as the work

In their former connections their ability as designers of headwear, both fashionable and becoming. Triad been demonstrated, and as pr-oprletors of their own establishment they have added to their reputation'. They are now able to make their own selection of the materials best adapted to their trade, and to know that their ideas will not fall in execution to measure up to their conception. Their clientele is one that any firm might 'well be proud of, and it is especially creditable to a new organization.

The Misses Henault are in a position to assure their patrons that whatever is desirable in the latest modes will be found on exhibition in their parlors, both in trimmed goods and in the materials that their trained employees, under the supervision of artists in their line, will comtiine into creations in which the v 'Carers may take the greatest satisfacf.iin.

Market At 497 Main Street

The full measure of the life of a community is not revealed by the statistics of its industrial or commercial achievements. There is something yet lacking when the story of its devotion to the arts and sciences has been added. It is only when an insight is gained to its attitude in relation to religious interests that the picture is complete, and means are at hand for an estimate of its desirability as a place of residence for one who demands congenial associations and an opportunity to do something for the betterment of humanity as well as a mere income.

The religious history of Fitchburg is much like that of any typical New England town, especially in Massachusetts. It begins with the time when the Congregational church was the state church, and the town maintained public worship, furnishing the church building and paying the minister's salary; but the day was approaching when the evolution of religious thought would make such a system impossible in America. The period leading to disestablishment was difficult, end naturally was marked by unpleasant feeling between the denominations, which was long in dying out, but served, perhaps, to increase the disposition to sacrifice of each body of believers, that the true faith, which it was sure it alone possessed, might be represented in the growing town.

But be that as it may, the result was that the town was well provided with both houses of worship and varieties of doctrinal belief, so that all comers might find congenial companionship. For many years the Influx of population was almost wholly of Protestant connections; but about 1840 Roman Catholics began to be numerous enough to demand recognition, and in 1847, their first parish, St. Bernard's, was organized. From that time their growth has been very rapid, since much of the immigration to this part of the country has been of nationalities whose fidelity to that church has been one of their chief glories.

The story of the rise of each denomination has been told by its own historian; that of the effect of each upon the others and of the many causes contributing to present conditions is too serious an undertaking for the purpose of this article. When some author arises with a mind free from partisan proclivities, yet sympathetic with human frailties in matters of belief, he will have a field for an interesting

There are in Fitchburg today 23 religious organizations meeting for worship in their own buildings, and four or five others not yet arrived at that stage. Of the former class, six are Roman Catholic, five Congregational, three Baptist, three Methodist Episcopal, two Lutheran, and one each, Protestant Episcopal, Unitarian, Unlversalist and Jewish.

In the second iist we find Christian Science, Berean (Adventist), Seventh Day Adventist, Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene, Spiritualist, and Swedenborglan. In this class are usually various tentative schemes of more or less promise.

The Roman Catholic churches, with nearly 20,000 adherents, head the list numerically. The Parish of Christ Church (Protestant Episcopal) enrols nearly 1800. The Congregational churches have in the neighborhood of 1300 members in full communion, which means an adhering population of perhaps 5000. A similar computation of the Methodist Episcopal churches shows about 800 members and a total of 2400. The Baptist churches have about 700 members, or over 2000 by the other method. The denominations of lesser size have affiliated with them about as follows: Unlversalist, 1500; Unitarian, 550; Lutheran, 500; Christian Science, 250; Pentecostal, 250; Hebrew, 250; Spiritualist, 125.

This shows a total of about 33,000, and leaves unconnected with any religious organization about 5000. This may be accounted for in part by large atheistic sentiment among the German and Finnish population, and by essential atheism among the population springing from other sources, where cases are plentiful of from one to several generations of failure to assume any religious connection.

Another method of arriving at the relative standing, although /lot to be too strictly followed owing f, o differences in time of establishmenv and circumstances of adherents, is^ by the property owned. The assessors' list of property exempt from taxat-, n, because held for religious purposes, iredlts the

The town church of the first settlers has two direct descendants - the First Parish (Unitarian) and the Calvinistic Congregational. The former has a building dating from 1837, standing at the head of the upper common, and representing a type of architecture which is becoming too rare; its chapel is of more modern construction. The "C. C." church, as it is commonly called, is at the corner of Main and Rollstone streets, with its third building, of brown sandstone, dedicated in 1897; its large chapel is of earlier date. From the C. C. church sprang the Rollstone Congregational church in 1868, and its gothic edifice stands- on Main street near the passenger station. This denomination also has German, Swedish and Finnish churches, each with its own building. The First Baptist church, organized in 1831, dedicated its present building at 299 Main street in 1854, and has since added a commodious chapel. It is the parent of the Highland Baptist church on Cedar street, organized in 1891, and the Beth Eden Baptist church on Ashburnham street. West Fitchburg, organized in 1893.

The First Methodist Episcopal church was formed in 1834, and in 1888 dedicated its present house of worship at the corner of Fox and Elm streets. A second church of this denomination has had its home on Westminster street. West Fitchburg, since 1881, two years before the present building was occupied. On Oak Hill road is another Methodist church. The First Unlversalist church was organized in 1844, and removed from its former location near the upper common to the corner of Day and Union streets in 1886.

Since 1863 Christ church has represented the Protestant Episcopal church in Fitchburg. Its house of worship was consecrated in 1868, and since that time has been remodeled, a parish house has been added, and a rectory adjoining has been acquired. The Chapel of the Good Shepherd, on Westminster street. West Fitchburg, is an offshoot, and is provided with a chapel building and a club house.

St. Bernard's church, the parent Roman Catholic body, built its second and present edifice in 1869. Its large capacity is frequently taxed to the limit, and it is surrounded by several other buildings necessary to its religious and educational work. The second parish, that of the Sacred Heart, was organized in West Fitchburg in 1878, and owns a large church building, schools, etc. The largest though not the oldest French Catholic parish is that of St. Joseph's church in the Cleghorn district, organized in 1890. Its buildings are the most conspicuous objects in that part of the city. The older parish, the Immaculate conception, on Walnut street, has commenced the construction of but not finished a large church on Walnut street, but has in operation the other necessary buildings. At South Fitchburg the field has been occupied by the church of St. Francis of Assisi since 1903. The Italian Catholics have recently built St. Anthony's church on Salem street.

To even mention the names of the auxiliary societies of these churches would require a large space. In all of them the religious education of the young is provided for by Sunday schools, and in most cases there are one or more young people's societies. The women are well organized for benevolence at home and abroad, and a more recent development is the formation of men's clubs, which are becoming

H. M. Francis & Sons

Though the firm of H. M. Francis & Sons, architects, with office in the Wallace building, is the only one in this field in Fitchburg, this fact would not give them the exclusive control they have attained if their service were not as efficient and artistic as could be procured in any part of the country. Many people prefer to patronize home establishments, but this preference does not extend to practice if the local concerns do not offer as complete facilities as some out-oftown competitor might.

Hence the present standing of H. M. Francis & Sons may be taken as a proof of their high and expert service, and that their work is uniformly satisfactory to those who have need of it. The very fact that they have no local competitors may be due to the fact that most of their profession feel that it would be of little profit to enter this territory.

H. M. Francis, the founder of the business, who came to Fitchburg iri 1868, was the architect of nine-tenths of the public buildings, business blocks, and fine residences constructed here since that time.

His two sons, F. L. and A. F. Francis, who now conduct the office, were associated with their father some fifteen years before his death, have had the benefit of his practical instruction, and assisted him in designing many of the structures which he planned.

F. L. Francis has been here since graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and A. F. Francis has been connected with the business for eighteen years. They have been proprietors of the business for the past five years, and by incorporating many tested innovations in their profession, have continued the policy of the founder, devoting natural and trained ability to their work, giving earnest and sincere attention to their technical and practical operations, and upholding the name of Francis, architect, soundly and successfully.

F. L. Francis is a member of the American Institute of Architects, and both gentlemen have a most desirable standing in our city, personally and professionally.

Since the Cleghorn district has been known as a separate and independent neighborhood in our city of Fitchburg, the career of one business man has been identified with this section, and his efforts have been devoted to the

One of the conspicuous religious organizations of the city is the Young Men's Christian Association, which serves as the agent and clearing house for a part of the work of the Protes tant churches, and finds favor with many who are without church connection because of its very practical efforts for the upbuilding of the city's young men. Its large and handsome building is the scene of constant activity throughout the year, although in the summer months a part is transferred to the branch at Whalom.

Each of the churches is working out in its own way the old but always new problem of how to foster the spiritual life of the people of its parish. It is a pleasure to say that they are doing this with a good-fellowship and sympathy among the different denominations that promises greater results in the future than have been attained in the past, because the strength that once was diverted from the real purpose of the church for quarrels over non-essentials is now released and free to be \ised for promoting the ends thar will best serve the kingdom of God. United efforts by all denominations are common enough to pass without comment. The Protestant pastors are all members of the Fitchburg Ministerial association, and in their monthly meetings keep well in touch with the needs of the field as a whole.

The churches of Fitchburg are, as they should be, democratic. There is not one known to the writer where any social or financial qualification is demanded of those who would worship within its walls. The stranger who gets away without a welcome must usually look to his own demeanor for the reason. The supporters of the churches are to be found enlisted in all the movements, political as well as religious, for the good of the city and state. While we would not give the impression that the millennium had arrived in this city, nevertheless its churches are of such a character that the citizens may well take pride in them no less than in any of its other institutions.

The church of the future in Fitchburg will be conservative of all that has been tried and found good, progressive toward the light of whatever will make the world better to live in and hasten the coming of the kingdom of God; its families will live as neighbors and not as enemies, and somewhere among them there will be a place for every one who, realizin,g his obligations to his Father in heaven and his brethren on earth, seeks to find the place where he can most efficiently discharge them.

Primeau Pharmacy

The confidence of the public is one of the best assets that any business house can possess. It is perhaps of greater value in the druggist's trade than in any other retail enterprise, for there is more responsibility attendant upon his transactions.

The Primeau Pharmacy, at 425 Main street, opposite the upper common, is one of the establishments in our city that has the confidence of its many patrons, and in the quarter of a century of its existence it has given an expert and reliable service that justifies the satisfaction and appreciation of the people who trade here.

For the past twenty years, under the proprietorship of Joseph C. Ouellette, the Primeau Pharmacy has offered the most complete accommodation in the pharmaceutical line, dealing in highgrade drugs and chemicals, sick-room and physicians' supplies, family remedies and proprietary articles of known and recommended quality.

The concern itself makes headache pow'ders, cough remedies, liniments and creams of well-established curative effect, and the purity of whose ingredients is unquestioned.

The compounding of prescriptions is accurately and expertly done, so that this important branch is a particular feature of Mr. Ouellette's business, and a number of Fitchburg's physicians prefer to have their formulas filled here.

Fancy goods, confectionery, soda, cigars, druggists' sundries, etc., are carried, and none of the lines expected in a high-class drug store are missing from the complete and up-to-date stock.

Mr. Ouellette was employed by Dr. Primeau. who founded this business, and. as proprietor he has made it one of the most extensively patronized pharmacies in our city. Mr. Ouellette is a member of the Fitchburg Druggists' association of the Mass. State Pharmaceutical association. He stands among the foremost in his profession and is numbered among our responsible business men and citizens.

Rollstone Congregational Church

Way, the beautiful entrance to the high school. The Fitchburg High school, which has been commended by many visiting and investigating educators and city committees, who have taken it as a model, was designed by H. M. Francis & Sons, also the Hosmer, Edgerly, Goodrich street, Salem street. East street, Ashburnham street, and other schools; also the Rollstone. Beth Eden, and the C. C. churches. The police station. Safety Fund Bank building and Fitchburg Mutual Fire Insurance block, are other local edifices erected according to plans submitted by this house, the library building at Lunenburg, r ? in Goffstown, N. H., and the libra at Royalston, just completed, are idences of the beauty that may be displayed without intruding upon tbe utility of the structure and the ec< nom.y of space.

advancement of this particular locality. J. A. Rivers, who has been in business in this neighborhood since December, 1887, was one of the pioneers of the Cleghorn district, and though all neighborhoods are combined for the general interests of our city, there is a distinction in being the leader in any ward, and Mr. Rivers has been of influence here and in the city, generally.

After occupying his first premises for nearly five years he had his present block erected, and since November, 1892, has occupied the stores from 217 to 221 Fairmount street.

Complete lines of staple and fancy groceries are handled in all the best known brands and makes, and the proprietor attends to the buying, so that he may guarantee everything that he has for sale.

A separate department is maintained for the stock of meats carried, and. in fresh and cured meats, everything that the wholesaler carries is offered here, in the qualities that are sure to give satisfaction, while prices are kept at the most reasonable standard. Poultry and game in season are dealt

Boston, and some of his earliest patrons have continued to compliment his ability by keeping up dealings with him, even though they are some distance from him.

First Universalist Church

In, provisions, vegetables and fruits, 80 that the housekeeper may order her daily or weekly supplies here, always sure of prompt response and delivery. Two clerks are employed and one team used.

Beside the lines of eatables handled, a complete stock of crockery, glassware, kitchen and household utensils, is carried, a distinct accommodation for people of the district.

Mr. Rivers is now serving his fourth year as a street commissioner, was councilman four years and alderman two years, from Ward 2, and is known as a business man and citizen thoroughly interested in the development and welfare of our city.

Dave A. Goldberg

supervises many of the operations. He has been in Fitchburg for twelve years, and his workmanship, combined with enterprising business ability, have been effective in his success, so that he has extended his facilities in a remarkable manner since he first became established here. He is a member of the Board of Trade, and is active and interested in all efforts that are promoted for the welfare of this community.

Paul Wagner & Co

A large number of customers means a proportionate amount of stock, and here again the appearance of this store gives a more apt illustration of its transactions than anything else could do. The front store is completely stocked with fine materials for suits or separate garments, and while some men may be satisfied to make a selection from samples, the number of such easily-pleased men is small, the majority like to see a whole piece or cloth. This they can do at Goldberg's, and one of the largest if not the largest line of woolens and worsteds handled in this city by any one concern, is shown here. They include every desirable fabric, patterns that are novel and exclusive, and such materials are made up into the nobbiest suits or coats fashioned in this section. Trimmings and linings to suit discriminating men are carried, high-class workmanship is guaranteed, and a perfect fit is one of the features by which Mr. Goldberg has built up his reputation.

There is a distinctiveness and nobby tone about the clothes produced here that attracts men of particular fancy, and the trade cateis to customers from Fitchburg, Boston and Worcester.

Every progressive city with an industrial reputation attracts to its borders people of foreign birth, who frequently seem to appreciate the opportunities our country offers more than some of its citizens with generations of native-born ancestry.

Trained to habits of industry and thrift, their progress to positions of substance and influence is rapid. With these people come tradesmen who know their conditions and modes of living, and because of this knowledge have the first place in the transactions of their friends. Fitchburg has among its inhabitants a most desirable number of German-Americans, including several merchants from the Kaiser's domain who are reckoned among the city's substantial men. Among such concerns may be mentioned Paul Wagner & Co., 128-130 Kimball street, a grocery which has been doing business in this section for the past ten years, and was formerly located in the Cleghorn district.

The concern deals in staple and fancy groceries, handles pickled and canned goods, bakery and dairy products, fruit and vegetables, crockery and kitchen ware, etc.: and though primarily it deals in foodstuffs, it accommodates its large trade by carrying a number of other lines in daily use, such as bagged coke and charcoal. Two people are employed, and a team takes orders and makes deliveries.

formerly employed at his trade of weaving. Starting in the grocery business some fourteen years ago, he has constantly enlarged his facilities and capacity, and has a modern and commodious building on Kimball street. He Is counted among our sound business men and upright citizens.

Union Coal Co

Every city has its quota of coal and wood dealers, but in almost every community will be found one, possibly two, that towers over all others. It is a business that lends itself to neighborhood trade, and the usual number of dealers who depend upon a district patronage are found in this city. But the rule of one leader is not broken here, for the Union Coal Co., with office at 119 Main street, and branch offices at West Fitchburg and Rollstone street, not only has the largest trade in Fitchburg but penetrates every neighborhood, and has facilities to fill practically every demand of the entire city. As it is the direct successor of the old Garfield & Proctor company, its prominence is not new, though the progressive policy of the present corporation has not left it dependent upon earlier prestige, but has rather earned it new and larger patronage, and a reputation overshadowed by none in this county.

In 1900 the ice business formerly conducted by E. A. Stone was purchased, and as dealers in this commodity, also, the concern has reached a foremost position. The ice privileges in the North street pond are O'wned, and this past winter 14,000 tons were harvested. The ice is cut from clear, moving water, and this past season, particularly, was hard and clean frozen, free from snow and peculiarly clear and desirable. The most modern equipment is used for cutting, and the ice is always thoroughly cleaned of snow or other accumulation, is kept packed in the best possible manner and is delivered in a manner satisfactory to those who demand purity.

The company has four capacious coal sheds, each of which is equipped with everything to facilitate the handling of coal. They have a capacity of 14,000 tons, and this will equal if not exceed the quantity carried by all other dealers in this city.

anthracite coals mined, carefully selected, thoroughly screened and properly shipped, so that it reaches its ultimate destination clean and bright.

The modern devices used insure economy, so that in bidding for contracts, this company can offer as low a price as any concern in this section, either on hard coal or soft.

The company deals in the Pocahontas and other bituminous coals, and the majority of the manufactories in Fitchburg who do not buy direct from the mines get their supplies of this company. Wood, coke and other fuels are sold, twenty teams are used in season, and forty people employed.

The company was incorporated Sept 1, 1896. Its president is George N. Proctor, and its treasurer, John H. Thompson. President Proctor was of the old firm of Garfield & Proctor, and in this field of coal dealing is one of the best known men in the state. Treasurer Thompson, connected with the concern for twenty years, has reached his present responsible position through various stages of promotion, and is thoroughly trained and competent. The administration of the company is progressive, foresighted, and as long as these qualities have a proper reward the Union Coal Co. will continue its leadership.

Thomas Casey

Thomas Casey, attorney-at-law, with office at 145 Main street, has been a practitioner of law in his native city for the past six years, and has won a reputation in that period for his learning and execution, and for all those qualities that are necessary for success in the judicial profession.

Mr. Casey was bom in Fitchburg in 1875, and educated in our public and high schools. He left the latter near the close of his last year, to enter the Massachusetts Agricultural College at Amherst, where he was graduated in 1901, with the degree of Bachelor of Science, obtained jointly at Amherst and at Boston University, which combined with the Massachusetts college in this study and degree.

From 1901 to 1903 Mr. Casey attended the law school of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and the following two years he devoted to the study and practice of law in the office

First Methodist Episcopal Church

February 16, 1905, after Mr. Casey had been admitted to the Massachusetts bar, he opened his own office, and an increasing number of clients has required his services in the subsequent period.

Mr. Casey is known for his fairness in taking up both sides of the question as it is presented to him, and advising logically and temperately, so that consultations and office work have taken up more and more of his time andi given him a most desirable class of clients.

Mr. Casey is a member of the Grange, takes an interest in general and local affairs, and is always an advocate of movements that promise the betterment and advancement of this community.

Ferdinand Rousseau

Though the largest concerns in any city or in any trade are the ones that attract attention, they do not always have the greatest amount of trade. Sometimes, they advertise heavily, carry immense stocks and have extensive facilities, yet in proportion to the people employed and capacity utilized, they do not have as much trade as some of the more modest concerns dealing in the same line of goods.

We have in Fitchburg several coal concerns that are especially conspicuous, but others have customers who come to them year after year, and no extravagant methods are necessary to attract them. Thus, though the firm of Ferdinand Rousseau, on River street, opposite the Orsweh Mills, is not so w«ll known as some located in the centre of the city, it is nevertheless patronized by many people in this section who have traded here for years, know the grade of goods sold, the reasonable price, and the prompt service that will be given.

The best of hard coal, hard and soft wood is dealt in, wood is sawed or split according to order. It is bought standing and Mr. Rousseau employs his own teams and men to bring it from the woods. The sheds and grounds occupied give him nearly two acres of space and seven men are employed, besides four teams for deliveries, and two for going into the woods.

Mr. Rousseau, who has been a resident of Fitchburg fourteen years, bought this business of Laventure, and In ten years of proprietorship has g^reatly developed his facilities and added to his patronage, so that he is known as one of the most successful coal and wood dealers in this city, and a business man of enterprise and integrity. Mr. Rousseau is also esteemed personally and is counted among those residents who are interested in the advancement and welfare of our community.

an upholsterer and finisher by trade, began doing odd jobs in connection with his regular trade, and almost before he realized it, had a full-grown business on his hands.

The shop on Academy street was taken about four years ago, and by giving entire attention to upholstering, repairing and kindred operations, Mr. Pelkey has in a comparatively short time built up a particularly large and successful trade in his special field.

Upholstering of all kinds is done, and plushes, mohair, velvets and other materials are kept on hand for this work. First-class wood finishing is also done, and the owners of rare pieces of furniture may have them cleaned or renovated here, knowing that the work will be expertly done and that each piece will be handled carefully. Oldfashioned furniture is repaired or refinished without altering its antique value. Special pieces are made to order, couches, cabinets, mattresses

Mr. Pelkey has supplied a modern accommodation that many communities do not have. He packs or handles furniture. ' He has had made for him some particularly large and heavy baskets for handling goods to be moved, and the most skillful care is taken of fragile ware, bric-abrac, etc. The commission being entrusted to Mr. Pelkey, he attends to all the moving and arrangements, so that the householder turning over his residence to him in the morning knows nothing of the dismantling or settling process, but walks into his completed new home at night.

Mr. Pelkey's good taste and ability in this department has made it quite a feature of the business, and he has about all the contracts that he can attend to in this branch.

Mr. Pelkey has been a resident of Fitchburg twelve years, and was formerly engaged in interior house painting. Taking odd jobs of repairing and finishing, he soon found that these transactions called for all of his time, and by devoting himself to it he has created a demand and its corresponding supply, and has gained a sound and unusual success.

One of the business men of the Cleghorn district who has steadily but quietly pursued his way until he has reached an assured position in mercantile life, and in the regard of his acquaintances and patrons, is Doslthe T. Boudreau, who has conducted his present store at 92 Fairmount street for nine years. Mr. Boudreau came to Fitchburg twenty-five years ago, and for a number of years was In the employ of J. L. Chapman, then at the head of the Fitchburg Machine Works. In 1902, however, he established himself in business in the rapidly growing Cleghorn section, as a dealer In the necessities of life, and the success which has since been attained testifies to the wisdom of this move. In a community where all the members are actively engaged in the labor that exhausts the physical resources, the dealer who supplies the table is the most important of all tradesmen, and always the first to be considered.

Mr. Boudreau, by supplying the best of meats from a stock allowing a good choice of cuts, together with groceries which may be depended upon for quality and cleanliness, and all at prices known to be fair and reasonable, has built up a trade in which he may well take pride. A visit to his store is all that is necessary to show why he retains the customers who have known him and his methods of doing business so long.

That his business sagacity and integrity has received its logical reward is shown by the fact that he is enrolled among the holders of real estate in the district where his business is located, and those who know him best are the most ardent wishers for his continued prosperity.

Tucker Bros

Though Tucker Bros., proprietors of the meat market and grocery store at 106 to 108 Westminster street, are at some distance from any other house of their kind, it is not on account of exclusive territory that they have obtained their success. On the contrary, if this firm was subject to the keenest competition, it could not offer any better or more complete service than it now does, and possibly this is why there is little competition in this neighborhood, for the customers of Tucker Bros., satisfied with their goods and prices, certainly have no desire to experiment with other dealers.

Staple and fancy groceries are handled, in all varieties, sauces and table condiments, canned and pickled goods, bakery and dairy products, fresh vegetables and fruits.

Fresh and cured meats, in all the usual varieties, are sold in the meat department, and daily consignments are received from the wholesalers, so that the quality as well as the quantity of the stock may be always recommended.

The present partnership was formed in 1891, when the business of J. H. Long & Co. was purchased. Fred Tucker of the present firm had been in the company in the earlier organization, and James K. Tucker had been employed here. Both, in fact, have been identified with this location for some twentyfive years, and as proprietors have earned the good-will as well as the patronage of many people. Both gentlemen are Interested in the development of this community, and do their share in any movement that has that object in view.

The business conducted by W. H. and such articles being custom-made Pelkey, at 42 Academy street, was be- of the best material and highest class gun about six years ago, in a most workmanship. One or two assistants unpretentious way. Mr. Pelkey, who is are employed.

Foundry Company

One of Fitchburg s oldest industries is the foundry business. There are at the present time five iron foundries in this city, two of which are operated by the Fitchburg Foundry Co.

M. J. Perault, the owner of the Fitchburg foundry, was born in St. Albans, Canada, in 1841. In 1856 he started to learn moulding in the shops of the Davis Foundry Co. in Waltham, remaining in their employ until 1861. Having the natural Inclination peculiar to all ambitious young men to see the country and broaden his experience, he was emp.oyed by several of the most noted foundries in Massachusetts. Leaving Waltham in 1861, he entered the employ of Earl & Jones, Worcester. He came to Fitchburg in 1864, and spent one year with Smith & Page, returning in 1865 to Worcester, where he was employed by the Wheeler Foundry Co. Still having the desire to roam, he changed his scene of op erations in 1867, to the New York Steam Engine Co., and in 1871 to the Worcester Foundry Co. Remembering his early experience in Fitchburg, he found it hard to resist the call of foreman, a position which he held under Smith & Page, and L. H. Goodnow for thirteen years.

A longing in his breast to build up a business of his own led him to purchase the Farnsworth & Marshall foundry on Water street, which he did In 1885. For a number of years, not having the necessary capital, he was obliged to labor long and hard side by side with his men to secure the funds for wages. By careful and discreet management he succeeded in building up a successful business, which made It necessary for him to open another shop On Main street in 1900.

His son, J. F. Perault, having a born desire to enter the foundry, learned the business under the careful eye of his father. He advanced very rapidly untlll 1897, when he was elected manager of the Water street shop, a position which he held until 1911, when he was obliged to resign to accept the office of treasurer and general manager of the Brown Engine Co., a position which he now holds.

M. J. Perault is acknowledged as the best and foremost foundryman in New England. The Fitchburg foundry has made some of the most complicated castings in New England, some of which other foundries were unable to cast successfully. Mr. Perault has Ideas of his own which were a radical departure from the old style methods of moulding, as will be readily seen by a visit to the plant. This no doubt is largely the secret of his success. The foundry is equipped to handle castings up to twenty-ton weight.

Brown Engine Co

While Providence holds the honor of giving birth to the Corliss engine, Fitchburg is the home of the gridiron valve or Brown engine. It was here that Thomas A. Edison purchased a Brown for use in his laboratory. It was the first engine to be used for generating electricity, and for many years Mr. Edison placed his stamp of approval on the Brown, as being the only engine adapted to that class of work.

In 1849, George H. Corliss received a patent on an engine, with these objects: First, to maintain a full boiler pressure to any point of the stroke, without wire-drawing, and then to cut it off sharp and clean, leaving the steam thus enclosed within the cylinder to expand independent of that without; second, to vary the point of cut-off, thus admitting a larger or smaller volume of steam as the immediate load requires, but at full boiler pressure up to the point of cut-off. All other things being equal, at least twenty-five per cent, of the fuel can be saved as compared with the engine using shaft governors, or the commonly called high-speed type. In view of the fact that it answers all of the above requirements, the Brown was classed under the Corliss type of engine.

C. H. Brown, the founder of the firm, was born in Mendon, Mass., March 9. 1820. In Greenville, R. I., he obtained a thorough practical knowledge of the machinist trade, which was continued at various places, most notably in Boston. He became interested in steam engineering, a branch in which he was employed very extensively by Otis Tufts, then a notable engine builder in Boston.

In 1849 he came to Fitchburg, and entered the employ of Putnam Machine Co. In 1850, in conjunction with Charles Burleigh, later noted in con nection with rock-drilling machinery, he obtained a patent on a new engine using poppet valves, which was assigned to the Putnam Machine Co., and is today known as the Putnam engine. He continued the supervision of the engine department until ill health forced him to resign in 1859.

In 1863 he resumed business on his own account in Newton lane. The business soon outgrew the small quarters. and in 1866 the scene of operations was transferred to the building today occupied by the Fitchburg Machine Works. In 1871 he designed the multiported gridiron valve engine, becoming the father of that type which today bears his name. Having an abundance of the American independent spirit as well as a rapid increase of business, it became necessary to seek larger quarters, and in 1873 the present plant on Willow street was built. Mr. Brown, being a born inventor and an expert mechanic, made an excellent reputation for exacting and unsurpassed workmanship, receiving gold medals in all of the world's fairs in which he exhibited

The engine was improved from time to time, and in 1896, another type was designed, using double eccentrics to replace the gear-driven cam-shaft mechanism. This type soon became more popular than any of the former ones. At this same date he introduced his first rolling mill and electric station engine. The business was conducted by Mr. Brown until 1899, when owing to poor health, he turned the responsibility over to his sons, who continued the work until 1911. At that time the Fitchburg Foundry Co. purchased the plant and have continued to turn out the same class of work for which thq company was noted.

M. J. Perault, the president of the company, has conducted the Fitchburg Foundry Co. for the past twenty-seven years. Besides being a broad-minded, successful business man, Mr. Perault has made an excellent reputation for honest work and square dealings, and it is the policy of the company to continue with the same courteous treatment as in the past.

The Brown engines are built for all classes of service from 20 to 1500 horsepower. They will be found throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, South Mexico. Germany, France. Belgium, England and Africa. The company is equipped to handle any difficult engineering problem, furnishing complete power plants. The Brown engine is the only four-valve, gridiron, automatic cut-otf. double-eccentric engine built today. This puts the engine in a class by itself, and up to the present it has never been equalled for economical operation and close regulation, and has never been defeated in a competitive test. It certainly is a proposition well worthy of consideration by users of moderate power, from 20 to 1500 horse-power.

Erastus E. Walker

Though Mr. Walker, with office in the Safety Fund Bank building, has been in the real estate business since 1898, this date is not expressive of the length of time with which he has been identified with this city. Mr. Walker was born upon a large farm in the town of Westboro, on the 28th day of July, 1845. He worked upon his father's farm until twenty years of age, and came to Fitchburg in August, 1867, to help erect the Twichell residence, that was recently moved from lot where Hastings block now stands. Except for two years, when he was absent in Ware, he has always been a resident of our municipality.

The length of time that Mr. Walker has been here has a bearing upon his success in the real estate business, for it is particularly valuable in this industry to be familiar with the territory in which one has operations. In handling real estate, Mr. Walker is not only conversant with the present value of the property, but knows if it has been developed or improved, and if it will make a good investment at present. In consequence he has been called upon to appraise property, etc., and his judgment as to the facts is accepted as reliable and expert.

Mr. Walker's earlier vocation gave him an insight into his present business, as he was employed as a carpenter for many ye'ars, after he came here in '67. While he was in Ware, he was helping to construct a $50,000 residence built by Louis N. Gilbert in 1872-73.

Mr. Walker worked for the late Henry G. Morse for several years, and was engaged in the construction of many of the fine residences built in Fitchburg by Mr. Morse. In 1877 Mr. Walker worked uijon the Union Depot as a foreman for the Fitchburg R. R. and in 1878 he had charge of the carpenter work upon a large paper mill erected by the late Rodney Wallace just above the railroad overhead bridge in West Fitchburg. He was a member of the first Carpenters' Union formed in Fitchburg, and for one year was its president, and worked hard to help the carpenters of Fitchburg to obtain (without a strike) a nine-hour day. Mr. Walker, in short, has the interests of the community and of his fellow-citizens at heart. Although Mr. Walker never studied law, he has a natural knowledge of jurisprudence, as evidenced by the fact that he conducted his own case before a jury at the 1901 June session of the Superior Court, and won out against one of the smartest lawyers in Worcester county.

The part he has taken in business and industrial circles, and the stand he has taken upon the right side of great moral questions, give him a standing among our responsible residents as one who has the esteem of all members of this community.

F. H. Arnold

One of the veteran business men in our city is F. H. Arnold, the wood dealer at 191 Elm street. Mr. Arnold is one of the best-known residents of Fitchburg, also, for though he was born in the town of Lancaster, he has been an active factor in the development of this city and has been the owner of much property which he has disposed of as he made improvements upon it.

The office of his wood concern is located at his home on Elm street, and the sheds and storage room are also on his land, adjacent to his residence. Long and short wood of all kinds that are used for fuel are dealt in, and two or three men and teams are employed

The business is one that has changed a great deal in the period that Mr. Arnold has been in it. Formerly much cord wood was handled and large quantities were sold to people who used no other kind of fuel. Conditions are much changed at the present day, but the wants of this generation are fully supplied by the sawed and split wood that now makes up the larger part of the transactions.

Sheds in the rear of Mr. Arnold's residence are occupied so as to have a good amount of dry wood on hand, and quantities of cord wood are stored outside, so that any reasonable demand can be met promptly. Horse-power is used for the machines for cutting and splitting wood, and deliveries are made to all parts of the city.

Mr. Arnold has been in Fitchburg over forty-eight years. When he first came here he was employed by Walter Heywood, who besides being a manufacturer of chairs was the owner of several farms. Mr. Arnold looked after these farms and did special driving for Mr. Heywood.

Later, setting up in the wood business for himself, Mr. Arnold became one of the successful tradesmen of our city. He saw the opportunity Fitchburg presented, invested in land here, built many houses on Marshall, Rollstone and High streets, and sold them as the increasing population needed them. In this way he did much to assist In the development of the city, and is counted among our responsible and representative citizens.

Mr. Arnold was in the teaming and jobbing business some thirty years and had then by far the biggest business in that line In the city. He did all of the teaming for the water works and kept continually busy some twenty horses. He dealt in horses also during this period, often buying and selling by the carload. In this business his six years' experience as foreman for Mr. Heywood served him in good stead, for while In that position he had done all the buying of horses and cattle for the large estate, and became especially skillful as a Judge of horseflesh.

Fitchburg Horn Goods Co

The continued prosperity of a city may not depend so well upon one particular line of industry subject to lively and dull seasons as upon a variety of interests identical with the community.

Fitchburg in this respect has been particularly fortunate, for while it has a special reputation as a machine city, more recent years have given it prominence in other fields, until there is no municipality of its size in New England that has a greater diversity of manufacturing interests.

Among these may be mentioned the Fitchburg Horn Goods Co., with plant at 365 Water street, and the development of this business is a source of gratification to those citizens who recognize the importance of concerns that are creditable to the community.

The company was organized in 1904 but moved into its own building on Water street in 1907. Here it has a a three-storied building modernly equipped, and fitted with the finest apparatus operated in the horn and celluloid business.

As manufacturers of high-grade hair ornaments the company is the only one in this city which deals in horn, and makes a durable and skillfully finished horn line of goods that has obtained wide recognition in the wholesale and jobbing trade for its high quality and attractive designs.

The company cards and boxes its pins in an attractive manner, has especial trademarks that stand for quality and wearability, and has built up a

Celluloid back combs, side combs, and barrettes, as well as novelties in hair ornaments are manufactured, and these, passing through the hands of jobbers and exporters, reach all markets where such goods are in demand. Two traveling salesmen cover considerable territory from their New York and Chicago offices, and the largest dealers in this country are among the customers that are supplied.

The plant has a capacity for one hundred employees, and when the full force is in operation the company becomes a notable factor in the community through its employment of labor, and its consequent distribution of wages.

The officers of the company are Atherton P. Mason, president, and George V. Upton, treasurer. Mr. Upton is also the manager, and under his administration the advancement and success of the company has taken place. Mr. Upton was formerly connected with the Parkhlll Mfg. Co. and Grant Yarn Co. in our city, and Is now clerk of the Grant Yarn Co.

His former experience in industrial affairs has been expertly applied to the management of the Fitchburg Horn Goods Company, and the result has been a steady advancement in attractiveness and quantity of product, and a standing among those manufacturers that reflect credit upon our community as well as upon the gentlemen who have invested in and promoted them.

A Familiar Corner Charles Bujold

No neighborhood is complete without its own mercantile establishments. There may be all the big manufacturing plants possible, but once the neighborhood is given over to residential purposes, the founding of retail enterprises must necessarily begin. Thus the Cleghorn district was made possible by the Industrial plants that were located here, but the comfort and convenience of the workers has been furnished by the retail stores that have been developed among them.

Charles Bujold

spirit in the Cleghorn district may be mentioned Charles Bujold, who has been established in this neighborhood for the past thirteen years, and was at

116 Fairmount street, for all but one year of that time, conducting a most successful grocery and meat business, which is steadily expanding.

Recently, however, owing to ill health, brought about primarily through too close application to the work, Mr. Bujold deemed it advisable to dispose of his store, and give his attention for the present to the care of his tenement property, and development of his real estate, and later with returning health, engage in another line of business. Frederick Rousseau, of Ware, purchased the store and will continue to maintain the high standard established by the former proprietor.

Mr. Bujold is one of the heavy property owners in the Cleghorn district, and among the real estate that he owns is the brick building that he occupied, which is one of the most modernly constructed in this part of Fitchburg. The three-story block next to the store, and the largest tenement building in Cleghorn, which is only a short distance from his former place of business, and located on Fairmount street, is owned by him, also, besides the property already mentioned he has some nine to ten thousand feet of land.

Mr. Bujold came from Haverhill to Fitchburg, and after settling here chose the Cleghorn district for his seat of operations. One year in a smaller store resulted in such, increased trade that larger quarters had to be secured, and in succeeding years a substantial and successful trade has been developed. Mr. Bujold is regarded as a capable business man who has the friendship and good-will of neighbors and fellow-citizens.

James Piggott

A reelection to the aldermanic board at a time when the tide was sweeping in the direction of the opposing party is one of the evidences that have lately been offered as to the standing of James Piggott in this community. This has come as the result of more than twenty years as a workman, a business

Mr. Piggott is a plater by trade, and it is natural that his first business venture should be the establishment of the Fitchburg Plating Works, which enjoys the patronage of nearly all the machine shops of the city, besides customers outside, including the Boston & Maine railroad. Electro-plating in nickel, copper, brass and silver are done, as well as buffing, lacquering and oxidizing, and the quality is not excelled. Specialties in light hardware are also manufactured at these works, which are located in the rear of 5 Main street.

In October, 1910, Mr, Piggott bought out the Royal Enamel Works, which had been in operation for about forty years. Their reputation was widespread for excellence of output and reliability, and the new management has not allowed any lowering of standards in either particular. On the other hand, new equipment has been added with the result that the volume of work has been quadrupled.

Anything in turned wood articles, which requires enameling comes within the scope of these works, and any finish called for is applied. If desired, orders are taken for both turning and enameling, in which case the first process is performed in the manner which has made Fitchburg work so widely known, and to the satisfaction of the Royal Works, which assume the entire responsibility. The product of the works finds a market among the manufacturers of New England, New York and Canada. The plant is located In the rear ot 26 East street.

Notwithstanding the variety and extent of his business interests, Mr. Piggott has found time to render efficient serv'ice as a member of the city government, and is deservedly popular among his many acquaintances.

Wallace Way And The High School

Pupils six years of age are admitted to grade one. Provision is made in some parts of the city for a kindergarten or a sub-primary grade for pupils five years of age.

One year is allowea for a grade. The pupil, therefore, who enters grade one a.' the age of six - if the attendance is regular - may expect to enter the high school at fourteen and be graduated therefrom at eighteen.

Ungraded, or special schools, are kept for the benefit of those who need special drill. Pupils two or three years older than the average of the class enter such a school. Some of them are unfamiliar with the English language, others have attended school elsewhere at intervals. Various reasons are assigned for the retardation of pupils, many of whom are able, by working in one of these special classes, to gain admission - before the close of the year - to a grade one or two years in advance.

Schools are in session forty weeks per year. There are two terms of twenty weeks each - the first term beginning the day after "Labor Day,'' the second term beginning the Monday next succeeding the close of the first term.

There are in the service of the city 117 teachers, who are elected by the school board, and in addition to this number, teachers are selected by the state board of education for the model and practice schools at Day street, Highland avenue, the Edgerly building, and the practical arts school. Twenty teachers would be required for these schools In case they were organized each with a separate teacher, thus making a total of 137 teachers for the city. The city pays the commonwealth for each pupil attending one of these schools a sum equal to the amount paid at schools of corresponding grade in other parts of the city.

A special teacher of singing, and one of drawing, are employed for grades below the high school. A cooking school is maintained at the Academy street building for girls of grades seven and eight from each of the grammar schools, and a manual training department In the high school building for boys of these grades from the several grammar schools. The manual training is continued for the entering class at the high school.

Pupils are admitted to the high school annually upon the recommendation of the teachers of the respective grammar schools. There are five grammar schools, each with an eighth grade, from which pupils may be admitted to the high school. These schools are located as follows: 1,

Pleasant street; 2, Practical Arts, Myrtle avenue extension; 3, Goodrich street; 4, Hosmer school. South street; 5, Ashburnham street. There are, also, schools respectively at Day street. South Fitchburg, Laurel street, and Clarendon street, in which grades one to six inclusive are maintained regularly, and, at times, grades seven an 1 eight.

There are three four-room buildings, three two-room buildings, each with a grade in a room, three suburban schools one-room buildings - with grades according to the number or the advancement or pupils in attendance.

"Any town may, and every city or town of ten thousand or more inhabitants shall, maintain annually evening schools for the instruction of persons over fourteen years of age in orthography, reading, writing, the English language and grammar, geography, arithmetic, industrial drawing, both freehand and mechanical, the history of the United States, physiology and hygiene, and good behavior. Such other subjects may be taught in such schools as the school committee consider expedient."

The work of the evening schools is elementary, many of those in attendance, although sixteen years of age, being unable to read and write in English. While an evening schooi is in session, no minor over sixteen years of age can be employed in any manufacturing establishment unless he is a regular attendant upon an evening school. Last year 622 were registered at the respective evening schools, of which number at least one-half were classed as "illiterates" between the ages of 16 and 21.

The law of the commonwealth requires the attendance at a day school of all children between the ages of seven and 14 for the entire time the schools are in session, and the attendance of those between 14 and 16 who are unable to read and write in English. A truant officer is employed whose duty it is to attend to the enforcement of the laws relating to attendance.

No one under 14 can be employed in factories, and those between 14 and 16, in order to obtain employment, must secure certificates from the office of the superintendent of schools. Last year 470 of these certificates were issued.

Twenty or thirty years ago large numbers were withdrawn from school before they had reached the seventh grade, and not unfrequently, they dropped out before reaching the sixth. Statutory enactment has tended to increase the enrolment, while there is on the part of many parents a desire or a disposition to have their children continue their studies. '

A comparison is made of two years - 1911 and 1882 - a year just previous to the enactment of the free text-l)ook law. The population at the present time - census figures of 1910 - is 37,826; in 1882. - census figures of 1881 - it was 13,243. The high school enrolment today exceeds 800, in 1881 it was 160, five times as many pupils at the high school and less than three times as many inhabitants or an increase in population of 185 per cent,, of high enrolment 400 per cent.

School expenditures must of necessity have increased to a great extent. High school expenditures were in former years as they are today very large in comparison with those of elementary grades, and this increase is intensified by the operation of the free textbook law.

The high school maintains five separate courses of study, viz.: 1, College Preparatory; 2, Co-operative Industrial; 3, Technology Preparatory; 4, Commercial; 5, General.

(1) "The College Course fits satisfactorily for any American college. This is necessarily a difficult course, and may be completed in four or five years. A five-year course is arranged which gives an excellent preparation for any college.

(2) "The co-operative industrial course which is patterned after that of the University of Cincinnati, is a form of an apprenticeship system, whereby boys receive instruction in the shop during one week, and instruction in the school the next week. The course is of four years' duration. The first year is spent wholly in the school, and during the other three years the boys alternate weekly between school and shop.

(3) "The General Course aims to meet the needs of those who go from the high school into active life, or of those who do not desire a strictly classical or technical training. This

(4) "The Technical Course, which is designed primarily for students planning to enter a technical school, provides an excellent foundation for the mechanical and scientific professions.

Diadem Mfc. Co

The present plant of the company has a capacity of nearly three hundred hands, and though only a quarter of that number are now employed, there is reason to believe that in more active seasons the entire capacity will be utilized. In its own machine room improvements in manufacturing methods are constantly being developed.

The corporation is composed of men of sound business ability and progressiveness. They have already made a notable reputation for the Diadem Co. for the short time that it has been in existence.

The prosperity the Diadem Manufacturing Co. will undoubtedly enjoy will certainly be shared with this community where its operations take place.

of enterprising ability, square dealing, and desirable stock that leads to this result. Also, though outside of the locality where such transactions generally take place, Mr. Holland has practically the whole of South Fitchburg for his territory, and he not only has almost all of this trade but delivers orders in all parts of the community.

Mr. Holland occupies some two acres of land on Water street, opposite the jail, but he also has extensive coal yards at the rear of 32 Bemis road. A spur track gives him direct transportation facilities, and the all-rail delivery gives him the clean coal which is so much desired by housekeepers, which makes for economy in the use of fuel and adds to its free-burning qualities.

The Brownell-Mason Co

The Brownell-Mason Co., established as at present, January 11, 1906, with warerooms at 159 Main street, has in the past six years had a progressive and prosperous career.

The old concern of Brownell & Mason dates back to 1880, and when the business was reorganized it was taken in charge by men who had been in the employ of the former company, and who had received their training and experience from them.