Fitchburg City (part 6 of 8)

Funeral work is a specialty, and all the designs called for on such occasions are carried in the frames and most artistically made up. Special patterns are also provided by Mr. Ritter, who employs skilled people and has all the material and equipment to do any work that may be demanded of any florist or grower.

Mr. Ritter, who has been in Fitchburg for 12 years, was a florist and greenhouse man, in Allentown, Pa,, before locating here. Beginning his local enterprise in a small way, he has made constant additions to his plant and stock, and has developed a patronage that is proof of his ability in this industry and of the confidence he has gained. His business has been conducted progressively and with energy, and the satisfaction that has ensued has brought him the commendation and good-will of this community, where he Is regarded as a leader in his line, and a worthy, public-spirited citizen.

F. E. Smith

Though the retail trade, particularly around Lunenburg street, knows the name of F. E. Smith as one of the soundly established grocers in that section, other neighborhoods call for Mr. Smith's attention in different fields, as he is one of the heavy dealers in sand, grravel, and. loam in our city. He is also owner of the wood yard in the rear of his grocery store at 140 Lunenburg street, so that he has sufficient variety of interests to keep him occupied at almost any season of the year.

Mr. Smith controls sandbanks on West Main and Ebutelle streets, and In the building season supplies many contractors with gravel or sand. He also has extensive supplies of loam. When this is active he keeps employed as many as forty men, uses seven teams of his own and hires others, showing that this industry is one of the largest of its kind in this section.

in a few months. It is one of the best stocked stores in the vicinity, and is up-to-date in arrangements and appearances. The highest grade of staple and fancy groceries are dealt in, teas, coffees, spices, table condiments, canned goods, etc.

Fresh and cured meats, vegetables and provisions are also handled, and housekeepers in this part of our city can have their wants as promptly supplied as if they lived or traded right in the business centre. A cash business is done, the goods being bought at the lowest prices and sold in the same way, a method that meets the approval of thrifty people. Three capable clerks are employed.

Michael Shea

As the market occupied by Michael Shea, at 199 Water street, has been identified with the meat business for the past thirty- five or forty years, it is one of the establishments particularly well known to residents in that section. The present projirietor's enterprise carries him forward, however, in other directions, for he not only supplies a large store trade, but keeps two teams on the road which offer customers the facilities of the market at their doors.

Anyone who takes a serious view of the high cost of living knows that there is little margin in foodstuffs, and that successful men must have extensi\"e transactions and a constant turnover of goods to give them the profit their investment should have.

Mr. Shea carries one of the largest stocks of meats shown in any market in this section. Whole animals, great sides of beef, lamb, veal, etc., are on hand, and a large refrigerator furnishes the atmosphere necessary for the best condition of fresh meats.

The volume of business done allows the maintenance of a lower price than if goods were handled in smaller quantities, and the many customers have confidence in the quality they get here, and the value received for the money asked.

Mr. Shea who has been sole proprietor for the past three years, was for three years previously associated with his brother, J. D. Shea, in the firm. He is a native of Fitchburg, was formerly for nine years in the tea business, is a tradesman of enterprise and foresight, and has developed his present business to the point of unmistakable success. He Is one of the leaders in this vicinity, and has a most desirable reputation in all parts of the city.

The city of Fitchburg has generally backed its own judgment in the way of trading and manufacturing, and for a community of its size has probably less outside capital invested than any other place in New England.

The Star Worsted Co. is one of the industries that has always been backed by local capital, and though its first owners gave up its charter some seventeen years ago, when a tariff schedule was depressing the woolen trade, there were still local capitalists courageous enough to take hold and upbuild the business. It is gratifying to know that their efforts were successful, and that the company is today one of the soundest in our city, not only occupying the original plant on West street, but also the old Pitts mill at 527 Main street

The late C. T. Crocker was president of the corporation from the time of its reorganization in January, 1894, until his death in January, 1911. Charles B. Smith is treasurer, having held the office for seventeen years, and C. T. Crocker, Jr., is a director.

When the present company took hold, there were sixteen frames in operation; the total is now eighty, with thirteen thousand spindles. The old plant* has fifty-four of the frames, and the Main street addition is supplied with twenty-six. Three hundred and fiftyfive people are employed.

In the year 1909, 2,769,300 pounds of wool were purchased, representing a market value of $838,200. Of this amount two and one-half million pounds were used, value $723,000, and the finished product was 1,060,000 pounds, valued at $948,500. The pay roll was $127,036.

The Star Worsted Co. manufactures worsted yarns in white and mixed colors, is noted for the reliable and standard quality produced, and for the fair price quoted. The consumers include some of the mills in our own city, a large number in Massachusetts, and all New England. Also in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Iowa, and Illinois. These manufacturers buy direct and the worsteds have such a high reputation that comparatively little soliciting is done.

of course responsible for the standing of its products. Manufactured products can not be sold against keen competition, unless the raw materials have been bought closely, the operations conducted economically and every expense kept at the minimum figure.

been gained by the Star Worsted Co. must be credited primarily to this officer. He has been alive to existing conditions, gone into the market at the most favorable time for buying, and is always thoroughly informed regarding conditions that may affect the textile trade.

Withal, this company has given its employees profitable labor and full time, whenever it was possible, and their welfare has always been considered as well as the prosperity of the firm.

Mr. Smith, in all his policies and efforts, has had the encouragement and cooperation of the other members of the company, and a union of ideas, propelled by executive integrity, has made the Star Worsted Co. one of the soundest and most representative industries of our city.

Various qualifications are necessary for the successful conduct of any business, but in the pharmaceutical line nothing is more desirable than experience. Technically a large number of druggists may be equal, but on comparison it is usually found that the pharmacist of experience has a knowledge that only comes through years of practice. The Cleghorn district, then, is most fortunate in having a pharmacy that has proved its reliability in ten years' esablishment here, and further confidence is felt In It from the fact that the proprietor, L. O. L'Esperance, had been in business in anoth'er part of the city before locating here.

This store at 134 Fairmount street is as complete as any in Fitchburg, with drugs and chemicals of standard purity shown in the variety and quality that every first-class drug store should display. Prescriptions are carefully and expertly compounded and the physician's prescription is accurately fol- wear bearing the label of W. C. Goodwin. '!'he firm stands back of its merchandise, and the public have confidence in the stock and the guarantee.

The volume of business transacted is indicated by the fact that five people are regularly employed, and four extra on Saturdays or in the holiday season. Also, having given satisfaction come up to th? modern standard, such as is maintained in other cities. In fact, until the Park Cafe was founded at 121 Main street, we were without complete facilities in this field. The Park Cafe has, however, supplied this deficiency, and since it was opened in the summer of 1904 it has served an excellent purpose, for it has not only

A regular patronage is pleased with combinations offered at supper and breakfast, and a popular -priced dinner has many patrons from business men and women, and permanent guests.

The regular dining room has a seating capacity of fifty-six, and a second room that is used in warm weather affords facilities for twentyfour more. Seventeen people are employed.

He had numerous friends when he entered this cafe, but the number has steadily increased in subsequent months for the reason that not only has Mr. Flint given a most businesslike administration to affairs, providing high-grade food at reasonable prices, but that he is always eager to serve his patrons, is self-possessed, courteous and efficient, and his example is followed by all the employees.

The atmosphere is congenial, discriminating people are satisfied with the food, linen and dishes, and the service is marked by promptness, alertness and consideration on the part of the proprietor and his capable assistants.

Home Bakery

People nowadays are so used to having everything brought to them at their doors that few customers expect to go to a store and take away their purchases. It may be assumed that when they do this there is a particular reason, and one of them is most likely to be that the goods they take away are superior to what they could have delivered.

Undoubtedly this is the reason why the patronage of the Home Bakery, 36 North street, has steadily grown; for after once tasting the bakery goods that are made here in home fashion, one is anxious to trade here, rather than with the carts that are perhaps

Angelo Seretto

Progressive cities, such as Fitchburg, present opportunities to enterprising men, attracted here from many outside communities, and possibly from other countries. In fact, the healthy growth of a city is much dependent upon new blood, for old settlers are apt to be content with present conditions, and the community is largely advanced by those who have their own fame and fortune to acquire.

The career of Angelo Seretto is one that shows what may be accomplished by exercising energy and foresight, and making the best use of the opportunities that our community affords. Though Mr. Seretto has been in this country but twenty years, and a resident of Fitchburg since 1892, he Is now one of the soundest business men in our city, the owner of considerable real estate, - and has an honorable standing in mercantile and financial circles.

Mr. Seretto occupies his own building at 223 Water street, and conducts a wholesale grocery business, and also a wholesale liquor business. In groceries, he deals in several well-known millings of flour; such as the highgrade Wise King flour, manufactured by Bill Bell & Co., all kinds of staple and fancy groceries, and is an importer of olive oil, macaroni, cheese and other delicacies of foreign and domestic makes.

Druggists' sundries, proprietary medicines and articles, fancy goods, toilet articles, etc., are handled, while customary conveniences are furnished this neighborhood through high-class confectionery and cigar departments, and a soda fountain handsomely and serviceably designed. Two capable clerks are employed..

Mr. L'Esperance has been a druggist in our city for 15 years, and was formerly in business on Water street. He is a member of the Fitchburg Druggists' association, has been a member of the school committee three years, is affiliated with several fraternal organizations, and is numbered among our reliable business men interested in municipal efforts and development.

If it is really true that a person is known by the company he keeps, it is quite as true that some manufactured goods are also known by the company they keep. This is exemplified in a number of different mercantile lines, but in this instance we will take the shoe trade for an example. The Walk- Over shoe can not only be depended upon for itself, but it always keeps creditable company. The George E. Keith Co., manufacturers of the Walk- Over, carefully select their agents or distributors, and the dealer who handles the Walk-Over must be an alert and up-to-date business man, and must also handle other lines that are good company for the Walk-Over. So wherever one finds this Brockton manufactured shoe for men he will be sure to find other standard makes, and he may also be confident that he is trading with one of the most reliable concerns in that community.

Speaking about the Walk-Over in Fitchburg is in reality talking about W. C. Goodwin, the dealer at 165-169 Main street, and the foregoing statements made about the Walk-Over are applicable to Mr. Goodwin.

In 1898, when he bought out a shoe firm that had the corner store, he entered a site that had been used in the retail shoe trade for twenty years, and hardly a change had been made in that twenty years, except a change of ownership. In less than a year Mr. Goodwin wanted more room, and as soon as possible he secured the lease of the store adjoining. Then the market underneath was moved, and Mr. Goodwin altered the basement, and added that, so that at present he has one of the largest, and certainly one of the best, shoe stores in this city.

In addition to the Walk-Over for men, there is the Patrician for women, and a large stock of high-class footto the Fitchburg public, an attractive store in Leominster was taken several years ago, and there a proportionately successful business is done.

Mr. Goodwin has been in the retail shoe trade some twenty- five years in this city, and his acquaintance with Fitchburg customers gave him a substantial start when he entered business for himself, while upright and enterprising methods have l)een continually productive in later years.

The Park Cafe

Mr. Goodwin has been a member of the school committee, a director of the Board of Trade, is now a director of C. W. Bennett & Go., and is a member of some of the representative organizations in this city. He is regarded as one of our leading business men, interested in all the progressive movements of this community.

People whose home life permits them only occasional glimpses of outside affairs, are not aware of the reputation a city acquires through its facilities for giving comfort to visitors or to the many who have no home ties in the city of their residence. Though it may not be a fair standard by which to form a judgment, the reputation of a city often depends upon its hotel or restaurant accommodations.

catered successfully to a transient and permanent patronage, but with such ability and thoroughness that there is no chance for complaint among those who prefer or are forced to restaurant life. This is a very numerous class in F'itchburg, for our enterprising city attracts many young office and clerical workers, professional and mercantile people, who are for a time, at least, the patrons of restaurants and lodging

The menu is one of the most complete offered anywhere, all the delicacies and dainties in the market being offered here. Two expert chefs attend to the cooking, and the flavoring, and the materials being the best to be purchased, there is nothinglacking, whether a modest or elaborate meal is ordered.

Home-made breads and rolls are a specialty. They are enjoyed by the most particular people, and have such a demand that a number of the best grocery stores in our city have put them in stock. They may be obtained at Drury's, and about eight other retail stores.

So one does not have to walk, after all, if he wants these desirable food stuffs, though the larger part of the trade is accommodated at the bakery salesroom on North street. AH kinds of pies, cakes, doughnuts and other pastry are carried here, and each made fresh daily according to home recipes and formulas, so that there is none of the conventional taste which is usually associated with baker's goods.

In fact, one man and two women cooks are employed, and the mixing and baking are done as a first-class cook would do it for her own family. The business has been established only a little over a year, and the patronage that has been built up is the best proof of the satisfaction with which these products have met.

G. A. Cruickshank, proprietor of the l)akery, entered this industry when he liought out the Stratton Baking Co. on Blossom street. In March, 1910, he moved to his present premises on North street, and has continually expanded his facilities and output during his proprietorship.

His liquor store is one of the most largely stocked in the city, and Mr. Seretto is known for reliable dealing and square treatment of all patrons in any business that he handles. He employs ten people and keeps several teams in commission for the local deliveries.

Mir. Seretto is also a bonded banker and does a large business in foreign exchanges and drafts, and is the confidential adviser of many of our thrifty foreign-born inhabitants.

He handles much real estate both for himself and others, and has always shown sagacity and excellent judgment in his estimate of values and future possibilities.

While the Metropolitan dam in Clinton was being constructed, for some seven years he carried on a baking and commissary business in that town. He erected his building on Water street eight years ago, and has subsequently continually expanded the business of which he is proprietor.

Mr. Seretto is one of the notable taxpayers in our city, is a responsible and enterprising business man, and is numbered among the public-spirited citizens. He is well thought of by his fellow-countrymen and serves them as notary-public and justice of the peace. He also attends to assignments of Italian government papers.

Hayes Drug Co

Wherever one sees the Rexall slgpi one is assured of the progressiveness and reliability of the pharmacy where it Is disclosed. This great manufacturing company has the opportunity to choose its agency from all the drug stores in any city.

The Hayes Drug Company, 122 Main street, is the Rexall store in this city, and the reasons why it has these privileges can be understood, when one realizes its central location, the bright and attractive interior and. exterior, the modern fixtures and arrangements, and the complete and varied stock carried.

A most unusual quantity of soaps, toilet waters, facial, hand, hair and flesh ointments are carried, toilet articles, fancy goods and druggists' sundries. While the Hayes Drug company undoubtedly sells more patent medicines than any other pharmacy in this city, physicians' prescriptions are by no means neglected, and a large number of them are filled here, and are precisely and expertly compounded.

A National cigar stand is maintained, and a triple soda fountain of the most modern and handsome construction, allows the prompt service that is necessary where a stand is as heavily patronized as this.

The location is one of the oldest drug store sites in this city If not the oldest, and was secured by John P. Hayes and partner, in June, 1902, Mr. Hayes becoming sole proprietor three years later The amount of business done may he judged by the fact that eight people are employed.

John P. Hayes has been in the drug trade for twenty-one years, and has been a registered pharmacist nineteen years. He Is president of the Pitchburg Druggists' association, is Grand Knight of the K. of C., on the mercantile committee of the Board of Trade and Merchants' Association, and is in his ninth year as a member of the school board.

As the proprietor of his own establishment, the business career of John F. Hayes was begun twelve years ago, when he became the owner of the West

Fitchburg drug store where he had previously been employed. This pharmacy has been one of the most reliable trading places in this section for the past quarter of a century.

In the best sense of the word, it is a family dnag store, attending to all the prescription trade of this locality, and giving accurate and skilful service in this most important department.

Mr. Hayes also owns the Hayes Drug Co., under the American House, and has the Rexall agency for this city, and the exclusive rights for Vinol, D. D., and other highly recommended remedies. The West Fitchburg store has also these privileges, so that it is one of the best stocked pharmacies in any part of our city.

Confectionery, toilet goods, fancy articles, cigars, soda and other conveniences that are part of a first-class drug store, are Included in the stock here, so that three people, including a capable manager, are employed.

When the West Fitchburg post office was abolished the first sub-station was created here, and the No. 1 office is conducted at Hayes' pharmacy.

Daniel W. Teehan

"Teehan's" is the sign that welcomes the many customers '--t'o procure their smoking supply at thi,i , oopular cigar and tobacco store, at tl^j corner of Main and Prichard streets'. And Dan Teehan is not only one ol\ the best known and most reliable of' business men in this field, but the good''/''ill of his fellow-citizens has been unmli'takably shown by two elections to^the state legislature from a district overwhelmingly Republican, while Mr. Teehan is of the opposite party.

Mr. Teehan has been a resident of Fitchburg twenty years, and when he first located here was of the firm of Lyons & Teehan, later Teehan & Boyle, clothiers and men's furnishers. Ten years ago he entered the cigar business, and in addition to his centrally located store, conducts a manufacturing plant in Belding Plock. Here is made the Monogram, a ten-cent cigar which furnishes a fragrant and sweet tasting smoke, declared by users of the fragrant weed one of the best on the market today. Dan Te and the Goodrich Smoke are five-centers expertly rolled, and containing the best leaves and wrappings that can be offered for the money.

The Fay Club, selling for ten and fifteen cents, is another brand carried here and meets the approval of the most discriminating smoker. It is being

Tobacco, cigarettes, pipes, pouches, and all smokers' materials are sold at the store, and in spite of the particularly keen competition in this line of trade, there is no dearth of customers at Teehan's, for combined with complete stock and prompt consideration of customers, there is the proprietor's friendly greeting to be counted upon, and Mr. Teehan has made his success through his personality as well as by commercial qualifications.

Fitchburg Fruit Co

Though the fruit business is often merely a side line with grocery or other retail concerns, it is nevertheless of sufficient importance to be developed by itself, and with men of experience and ability as managers, such an enterprise is likely to rival any retail industry.

combined t\ e business of two stores, and at its q.^arters at 100 Main street, is giving suth service and attention to its transactions, that it is rapidly increasing its trade, and taking a place among t'le foremost business houses of its kin»,l in this city.

All foreign and, domestic fruits are dealt in, and the ""nest products from the sunny climes i^re shown with the growths of more i emperate regions. Apples from the hillsides of New England, oranges from I'lorida and California, bananas from illje islands of the Gulf, as well as the products of the other hemisphere, are), shown here; and as the proprietors df the business are men of experience in this field of endeavor, the most skilful buying methods are employed, and the consumer has the advantage of purchasing supplies that are guaranteed to be sound and wholesome.

The Fitchburg Fruit Co. is the successor of E. B. Macy & Co., whose business they purchased the first of this year. The proprietors are Peter Bertucio and George Bertuclo. The latter had been successfully conducting the Fitchburg FVuit store at 182 Main street, since last August, but with his father bought out Mr. Macy, and removed to that headquarters, 100 Main street, the latter part of January.

Both came to Fitchburg from Branford, Ct., where Peter Bertucio had formerly been in the fruit business. Both father and son are demonstrating their experience and ability in their new location, and have gained a volume of trade that places them among the leaders in this section.

The art of photography is one that endures. The picture that is made today may be cherished by one's friends or families for many years. This is a fact that should be taken into consideration by people who are going to have a portrait taken, and a photographer should be consulted whose work not only satisfies for the time being but will be lasting.

Michon's Studio has gained a desirable reputation in the past eight years and the work performed here is of the kind that is permanent. Any sort of a photograph is furnished here, in large or small sizes, black and white, sepia, or other tones.

The chief feature of photography is given expert attention. That is, the likeness of the sitter is most faithfully reproduced. The characteristic attitude is portrayed and the individuality of the patron is brought out through the pose, so that in after years, if need be, as well as the present, the photographer will give satisfaction because it is, as we often say, "a speaking likeness."

Expert work in retouching, printing and toning is done, and a feature of this studio is the number of enlargements that are made in crayon, pastels and water colors. Two assistants are employed.

The studio is one of the old established ones in Fitchburg. It has the north light so much desired by artists, and all the equipments and improvements that are used for modern photography. Mr. A. O. Michon purchased the business of Fred I. Cate in February, 1903, and came to this city from Lawrence where he had previously been engaged in photographic work.

Mr. Michon's ability and enterprise have met with suitable reward and he has built up one of the largest businesses of this kind in our city. Michon's studio is widely and popularly known and the proprietor is numbered among our city's most capable professional men.

German Turnhall, Frankfort Street

gives an idea of the stock carried. The depth is eighty-five feet, with a width of eighty in the rear, graduating to some forty feet of street frontage.

Every sort of staple and fancy groceries is kept, including those bottled and pickled goods, sauces, and condiments, that are shown only by thf; most extensive dealers.

Though many people claim that the time is coming when horses will be used but very little, and the automobile will be used entirely for transportation and pleasure driving, that radical departure is not going to happen in this day or generation. Consequently the trades which have to do with horses or carriages still call for expert and able men.

It is fitting here to mention Daniel McBain, the horseshoer at 45 Academy street, for Mr. McBain has been identified with this industry for many years and has been located in this neighborhood for thirty-six years.

He came to Fitchburg in 1876, and though he had had a short experience in Nova Scotia as a blacksmith, he gave further time to the work in this city and was employed at it for ten years, becoming established for himself February 24, 1886. For years he occupied the building now used by William St. Germain, the livery stableman, and seven years ago he erected the block which he now. occupies, with entrance at 45 Academy street.

The excellent workmanship of Mr. McBain has always been the recommendation of this establishment, and owners of thoroughbred horses as well as drivers of more ordinary animals have been his customers. Every horse is shod here according to its requirements. Nervous or highly-strung animals are handled understandingly and carefully, and each is given the treatment and workmanship it needs. Horses with peculiar requirements are dealt with expertly, and the greatest confidence is felt by horsemen in all operations conducted here.

Four skillful men are employed, and all work is under the supervision of Mr. McBain. He himself is the owner of a good horse or two, and has had some fast and clever ones that have shown their heels to others in the same class.

The Worcester North Agricultural Society, after a long and creditable history, encountered reverses, and was at last compelled to discontinue its fairs, and give up its real estate, which contained the only good half-mile track in this vicinity. The situation appeared to be that horse racing was at an end; but Mr. McBain, with other lovers of the sport, by great effort aroused enough enthusiasm so that an organization cailed the Worcester North Driving Association was formed. Mr. MIcBain held the office of president for three years, and his zealous championship of the cause has put horsemanship on a new and firm basis. The association has also revived the fair idea, and in 1910 and 1911 held exhibitions which were successful in ever}' way. Such an event of annual occurrence is a large factor in the prestige of a city which aspires to the position of a business center.

His connection with this society is but one of the ways in which his public spirit has been evidenced, and he has a. large circle of friends and acquaintances who appreciate his genial characteri.=;tic3.

Frank E. Tower

Though Tower's store, at 14 Putnam street, is generally acknowledged to be one of the foremost retail establishments in Fitchburg, a number of features make it distinctive.

For example: It has one of the most modern refrigerating systems in the city. A thermostat automatically regulates the temperature so that it is never allowed to go above or lielow a certain point. This means that meats kept in this way retain their appearance and are improved in flavor.

in the rear, where a five horse-poA'er motor drives seven machines, notably two hamburg machines, a bone cutter, a silent cutter and a mixer. There are all conveniences for making pork sausages, head cheese, and like products.

Fresh and cured meats, fruits and vegetables, and game in season, are handled, while the daily replenishment make it the largest fish market in this section.

Tower's Market pickp its own poultry when possible to procure the birds alive. The Vermont agency of the houf.e keeps it well f applied with butter and eggs, also fresh -killed ducks, geese and turkeys at all seasons.

These are seme of the unusual features of this business, which is one of the largest in this city. The arrangement of the store is such that a glance

Frank E. Tower, the proprietor, came to Fitchburg in F'ebruar}'', 1898, from Waltham, where he had. conducted two stores. He was located on Main street eight years, and has occupied the present premises si.x years. His business career has been remarkably successful, due to the complete service he has offered, and his policy of square dealing.

There are few better-known business men in our city than J. G. Donnelly, the shoe dealer now located at 10 Oliver street. F'ew of the men who were engaged in business when Mr. Donneliy started are now active, but Mr. Donnelly, with forty-three years' service to his credit, is still a vigorous and progressive business man.

Mr. Donnelly began business fdr himself at 239 Main street, and was later tor twenty-four years in the Twitchell building, on the opposite side of the street. In the fail of 1908, when the old site had been purchased and remodeied for a new tenant, Mr. Donnelly removed to Oliver street, where his old patrons have since found him and a good pumber of new ones as well.

Mr. Donnell'"' naturally has the reputation befitti'lg his long experience, and is regarded as the most expert shoe retailer in our city, consequently people have confidence in the line of g'oods carried, and take his recommendation when they are in doubt.

The Heywood shoe is the particuiar make carried. All the lasts that these manufacturers use are dealt in by Mr. Donnelly, and every size and quality that is demanded for men's wear are carried. The Heywood shoe is especially well-known for the expert workmanship that is put into it, the durability of the leather, and the serviceability of the shapes made.

Good footwear for women and children is also handled, besides slippers, low shoes and rubbers. Repairing is thoroughly and expertly done, two capable assistants being employed.

Mr. Donnelly was born in New Brunswick, but came to Fitchburg forty-three years ago. He has been in the shoe trade ever since, and except for a very short time has been proprietor of his own store. He is known as one of our most reliable and experienced business men, and is esteemed for personal as well as commercial qualifications.

Walsh & Walsh

Of the leading law firms in Worcester county, none is better or more reputably known than the F'itchburg counselors, Walsh & Walsh, with offices in the Park building. As practitioners at the bar and as legal advisers, the services of this firm are most repeatedly in demand, and both gentlemen have had a training and experience that makes them successful advocates and judicious in their counsel. Loyal citizenship has made them known outside of their professional circle and both have filled offices of trust, with credit and integrity.

Hon. David I. Walsh

uating from the Clinton High school in 1890, and Holy Cross college in 1893. He was graduated from Boston University Law school in 1897, and was admitted to the bar the same year.

He was a member of the house of representatives in 1900-1901. In the last state campaign he made a remarkable contest for the lieutenantgovernorship, in which he was defeated by a very small plurality. Had he been successful as appeared probable at one time, he would have been the first of his party to occupy the seat in half a century. He was one of the founders of the Fitchburg Trust Company, and was its first president; is a director of the Fitchburg Safe Deposit & Trust Compan}-, and a citizen who confers distinction upon this city where he resides.

Thomas L. Walsh was born in Leominster in 1875, graduated from the Clinton High school in 1891, from the Boston University Law school in 1900, and

Wallace Library Building And First Baptist Church

The worth of a public library is measured by its value to the community, and its history is less the mere narrative of its beginnings and growth than the record of its daily service.

By these standards the Fitchburg public library measures large, and its relation to the daily life of the people of Fitchburg is established as intimate, constructive and constantly enlarging.

Some recently published statistics showing circulation of certain libraries in this state cannot be gainsaid as to the strict statement of fact they convey, but, ail things being relative, statistics must yield to conditions and the hard fact of numerical accuracy must give way to the conditions that create it. When the statistics from the census of 1910 are complete they will show one factor that affects the relative showing of this library in those tables of comparison that are so dear to many. Granted a population of close to 40,000, there should be eliminated fully one-third who neither speak nor read English, anu whom the city has as yet made no provision to serve through the library by providing books in their languages. This reduction correspondingly raises the ratio of circulation which, though strictly to be based on population, might with justice be based on such portion of the population as is able to use the privileges offered.

Noting the varying conditions of population, a strict comparison of all cities of the state is obviously misrepresentative of some of them - though unwittingly so - while comparisons between industrial centres of mixed nationalities are, of course, without prejudice to any of them. On this basis, the apparently low or indifferent showing of this city on total population is very much improved on the other standards.

But statistics, important and significant as they are, tell but the smallest side of the story of attainment and dally activity of the Fitchburg public library. It is less what the library records in book circulation than what it possesses to offer to the public, how well that portion of the public that uses these treasures applies itself to the material at hand, and how much enrichment is taken from the mines of varied wealth so freely offered, that measures the value of public library service.

The testimony of the library staff is that the patrons of the library are gaining in numbers by a healthy and normal ratio, are increasingly exact in their inquiries for books for home or library study, are discriminating in their general withdrawals, and that the trend of circulation is improving In character - that is to say, there Is a call for a grade of books better than the passing fiction of the hour towards which the public has been so persistently running riot. This may be in part due to the wise policy of the board in not purchasing this output in its entirety, and indeed the purchase is reduceu to the minimum. Individual taste has also done its own educational part. As a part of the normal duty of the library administrators to seek to direct the reading taste of the public, consistent adherence to this policy has had the double value of educating taste and reducing expenditure, the while saving the library the room that this passing book production would have occupied, and also saving it for more constant use, for experience has shown that this lighter fiction of the day has no lasting place in circulation. The trustees have never deceived themselves into thinking that all bound collections of printed pages were literature. This policy has forced the public to withdraw a higher grade of books.

Supplementing this general policy, and administering it to the highest degree, the library staff has established an almost personal relation with every card-holder and it is believed that here the staff more nearly directs and advises in the selection of reading matter than in many places. This is an honor to the staff and a service to the public that emphasizes the essence of a library foundation and secures those actual, as well as ideal, results for which the true impulse of library utilities stands.

The real work of the public library did not begin until 1885, when it occupied the home given the city for this purpose by a resident, not a native of the city, « ho had come here as a young man and continued to live here until his death. The "Wallace Library and Art Building" is the lettering over the main entrance, and the purposes of ihe building are fully explained thereby. The library contained at the date of the annual report of 1910, 52,578 volumes. In addition to these it shelters an art gallery exhibiting pictures choice in subject, admirable in execution, and of sufficiently varied schools or technique to be broadly representativ'e of the great art of painting. The collection of local relics and items of historic interest is valuable and inspirational. Its gallery of photographs of ancient art is large in numbers and carefully chosen in subject-matter.

The local sportsmen's club has been initiatory in housing in the east gallery a remarkably complete collection of local birds which are a source of constant study and admiration. As a stimulus to out-of-door study, and to wood and field observation, the collection has had a very tangible value, if the many assurances to that effect may be believed.

Throughout the building the walls are covered with photographs of the world's masterpieces of art and architecture as well as with rare prints of many countries and ages, showing to both the discerning student and the casual observer the advance of the art preservative of all arts in logical or artistic sequence.

ancient sculpture, and one marble of the contemporaneous Italian school. All of these art treasures have been gifts to the public through the institution which holds them as custodian.

As the trend of recent years has brought out the fact that the public library is inherently a part of the public school system, the development of the reference room work, that most analogous to the public school study work, has brought in its train substantially a revolution in the reference department, the result of which has converted it into a highly organized and effective study department. The Fitchburg Woman's Club work has also helped along this line of development, while the revision of school courses has designedly thrown upon the library work that could be done nowhere else, and the joint consequence of it all is that the reference room is never without students of all ages. So much had this become true that conditions became critical as to room. The space once before gained by installation of half a section of steel stacks was supplemented by a similar space made possible by the completion of the steel installation, by gift of one of the trustees, son of the donor of the first section who was the donor of the building. Out of the room thus gained the reference department was well nigh doubled in size and comparably in utility and efficiency. With the new arrangement of departments the small and wholly inadequate children's room was abandoned, and that department placed in the basement, taking the original newspaper room, which was in turn placed in an attractive basement room, and the children's former room was given over to a technical reading and reference room.

The children's room has exceeded all reasonable expectations of It, and in 1910 proved its signal service by registering nearly one-third the book withdrawals of the year.

children has been strikingly successful, and none more so than in this work of the library towards which the trustees looked for some years before being able properly to place it. In 1910 the writer had the opportunity to report upon it to the city council in behalf of the board, and a portion of that report is here incorporated as giving official record of as signal a service as the institution has yet rendered to the public, and which may well be incorporated in this souvenir publication;

"The ladies of the library staff, upon whom come the care and administration of the children's department, speak in a tone of even more than enthusiasm when discussing the intelligent use of the books, the excellence of deportment and the definite gain along many lines which the daily observation of these youthful patrons discovers. The privilege of the open shelf, even for the little people, has proven again its concrete value and merit, and- confirms the wisdom of the abstract principle. The mere handling of books without actual reading begets interest and imparts knowledge, for the eye is caught by a word, a line, a sentence or a picture, and something is added forthwith and for always to the treasury of knowledge.

"It is physically impossible for the attendants personally to handle and select the books for the children and supervision is the only manner of direction in selection. Therefore, the children on their own resources have come to an appreciation of values and in doing so have shown a comprehending book sense, so to speak, that appears to be inherent to them all. In other words, the obligation of necessity has brought its own reward.

"Especially is this true of the Finnish children, who, more than any others of the many peoples from all parts of the world now resident integral and vital factors in the city's artisanship and industrial advancement, select history and books more nearly in the direction of literature as such for their hours of reading in this room and for taking to their homes as well. This may be explained, perhaps, by the stimulus given these card-holders by the Finnish summer school which emphasizes these two lines of study in the native tongue, that the story of the homeland and its fine literature be not wholly overlooked nor left untaught in this present environment. Be that as it may, it is a fact well worth emphasizing, and it also points a lesson or suggestion not to be ignored. The American children, having already come into their own, as it were, do not display the ambition for Improvement evidenced in many ways by the children of other inheritances. It is hardly less true that the American parents are not so ambitious for their children. This statement of fact, as confirmed by observation, is itself a criticism upon conditions that bring their own consequences."

The technical or Industrial reading and study room is small but Intensive and dynamic in its equipment and opportunities. Fitchburg being a community of well-developed artisanship, and fortunately not specialized. It was inevitable that the progressiveness among these men should seek study and opportunity for development of the hand through the brain. A grouping of substantially all the books on mechanics and science, together with periodicals and other publications and the much-derided but valuable, patent office reports, has been arranged in this room where the shelves are all open. There is scarcely an hour of the day or evening when several men are not at work there, the thirst for special knowledge being assuaged, and the faculties of the skilled men of the city being added unto by the data and helps these shelves hold. This small department is overtaking some of the others in the measure of the value of service rendered, and while little is seen of it by the average patron of the delivery desk or user of the general reference and reading rooms, it is one of the most valuable of all, and if the results of its service as worked out in the shop or at the experimenter's bench could be computed, it is safe to say that the community would be astounded.

The general reading room Is generously equipped with periodical literasonal endorsement of chamber music by a zealous music lover, also a trustee of the library, and the combined work of the Fitchburg Woman's Club and the Fitchburg Choral Union, had developed an enthusiasm in matters musical that made the gift of the library of the late Henry S. Jenks of Boston, for years a leading critic of music and the drama, a timely one, and has cultivated still more an already discriminating taste and love for music in this city. As a stimulus to students the Jenks library has proved of enormous and definite value. Illustrative of the scope and character of this collection, let it be said tnat when some of the stars of the Boston Opera Company recently came here in concert it was found that the score of an important requested number had been left in Boston. The emergency was met at the public library, where the special collection was found to contain this exact score with even the unusual orchestration needed for this event, something that could hardly be found in many a great city with the music stores and publishing houses to levy upon.

The story-telling hour once a week is something taken up by the Fitchburg Woman's Club, whose hand has been seen in several other matters coordinate with library endeavors. Their gift of a rare painting by Enneking of Boston is another assurance of their appreciation of the obligation under V hich the library has laid them. This story-telling hour means that on Saturday forenoons during the winter the humdrum lives of many scores of little people have been enriched by journeys into the lands of the make-believe where all sorts of things, some of them never heard of before, exist to enthuse and lighten the limited routine of their lives. It has been a lesson to the few older folks who have been privileged to look in upon these little children and be touched by the transport of feeling and spirit refiected in their faces as the narratives have drawn on and they responded to the impulse of the ideal and the really real things of life that are, for many of them, so far apart from the hard and colorless things of every day. The enrichment of the lives of children buildeth to their children and their children's children, and reflects the great command of Him who set little children in the midst of his disciples, a behest that the world seemingly and actually and so persistently Ignores.

These activities all centre in the library building itself where the hours, from 9 A. M. to 9 P. M, on all week days not holidays, and for a limited time in the afternoon of every Sunday, give ample scope for these many outlets of the public centre of education, culture and art.

The Boulder, Rollstone Hill

The history of the days preceding the organized library effort, and before the present systematized work was inaugurated, harks back to conditions generally similar to those obtaining in scores of other communities where there had been voluntary associations

Several citizens have bequeathed funds for general uses and the incomes do yeoman service in the absence of that more ample public support for which the trustees have annually prayed.

ture covering a very broad range and is well patronized, the more so since open shelves have been in operation so far as the availabilities of the library would permit. It has not yet been found to be practicable to admit the public to the general stacks, but the well-chosen and daily changed for owning and circulating books in a cooperative way, a well-conceived and effective system still used for special purposes in cities where public libraries dominate the large purposes.

The Fitchburg Philosophical Society, Fitchburg Library Association and Fitchburg Atheneum were three that are most definitely identified with the days of 50 years ago when that distinctive New England institution, the Lyceum, was also in the heyday of its existence. The Atheneum was organized in 1853 to "furnish facilities for intellectual, moral and social improvement by the establishment and maintenance of a library, reading room and lectures."

In 1859 the town made its first appropriation for library purposes, the sum of $1831. Soon the associations began to feel the competition of the public endeavor and in that same year the Atheneum collection of 1600 volumes was bought for $Z50.00 and a socalled "Agricultural library" of 200 volumes was also added. The Atheneum had been given free use of a room in the town hall and here on December 1, 1859, the free public library was opened.

The first annual report showed a circulation of 14,597 books to 1425 cardholders, a fraction over 10 volumes to each borrow er. The circulation in 1910 was 14 volumes to each borrower.

In 1879 the library was moved to other and larger rooms in the town hall and there remained till 1885 when it occupied the present ample, well-appointed and beautiful building given by the late Rodney Wallace, native of Rindge, N. H., but a resident, successful merchant and then manufacturer here for over fifty years. Held in high place by his fellow-citizens, he represented them in the governor's council and in Congress. In each station he lent to its duties the same rare good judgment and application of sound business and ethical principles that he applied to his own affairs and the building of his character and personality.

The inspiration for his gift came from one of those small incidents that have been so often the stimulus to large endeavor and the impulse to great achievement. Mr. Wallace once told the writer, when speaking of the library and matters pertaining to it, that one day a little girl met him on the street and asked if he would tell her where the public library was. At the instant of his reply he made up his mind, he said, that never again would that question have to be asked, for he resolved straightway to provide a suitable home for the public library. How well his work has wrought praise to his name and benefit to the lives of his townsfolk, both during his day and since, is something all appreciate but none can estimate.

Mr. Wallace made substantial gifts during the years of the building's first use and also installed a set of steel stacks and endowed it with a gift of $8000.00 at that time. His son on the board of trustees represented his special zeal for the library during his life and still serves. He has himself equalled his father's gift, and was also the giver of the Jenks library, the marble

Fortunate in its many gifts the library is markedly conspicuous in the possession of a music library that, by number of volumes of musical literature, critique, history, biography, essay and whatnot, in addition to the scores of all the very best music in the world, places it third in size and character among music libraries of this country, the similar departments of the Boston public library and Harvard university alone outranking it in the order named. The persistent pereffective degree, the calls from several sections of the city. Clubs, educational workers, shops and certain organizations are given the privilege of withdrawing a substantial number of books at one time, thereby making these uses practically additional branch stations. Every card-holder may withdraw two books at one application, and the well-understood vacation privilege still further extends the values of cardholding.

A limited numoer only of foreign bonks is on the shelves, but these are very freely withdrawn, and as soon as funds are available the trustees purpose to extenu the numbers in those already listed as well as to acquire still others. The Finnish people- - for this city is the second largest in Finnish population in this country - maintain a considerable and well-chosen collection of books in their own tongue. Hence, the trustees have been slower in acquiring books in this language, though they hoped at one time to receive into their custody these volumes as a nucleus of a Finnish section. But with the shortage of funds for this special purpose it is possible these industrious and thrifty people are getting more than they otherwise might in this direction, though they lose the enormous assimilative and educational values that the casual patronage, only, of the public building would bring them, for it is axiomatic that one cannot enter a treasure house without absorbing some inspiration from simply seeing what is placed at hand.

Daniel Caton

Habit is strong in most of us, and after we have become accustomed to the patronage of one place, we are not apt to make changes if the service and price of the old establishment is as good as we could get elsewhere. Among those who drive horses there is particular reason for continuing with old establishments. In hiring a horse they want to know that the dealer is trustworthy, and would give them only a reliable animal. If they own horses and board them out, they want to be sure the animals will be well fed and well cared for.

These are characteristics that have been connected with the Rollstone Livery Stable for years, and as the premises at 23 Academy street are in a locality that has always been identified with horse or carriage dealing, the custom of driving there has been accentuated by the knowledge that one will be sure of the best service.

The Rollstone Stables have been established for some fifty years, and the present proprietor, Daniel Caton, has been connected with them for twenty years, first as an employee, and then, some ten years ago, buying out his predecessor, Guy Woods.

Livery and boarding are the two features of this establishment, and both are among the best patronized in this section. About twenty horses are owned for livery purposes, every sort of a rig for light business or pleasure driving is kept, and up-to-date equipment in whips, robes, harnesses, etc., is furnished, so that any turnout that is rented here goes out in the style and condiion that the careful driver desires.

Mr. Caton has been connected with horses and the stable business since he was twelve years old. A native of Fitchburg, he has been connected with stables in other cities, though for the past twenty years he has been at this old and well-known stand. During his proprietorship he has enlarged the trade here, advanced the reputation of the concern, and has become known as one of the leading livery men in this section.

Mr. Caton is a member of the Board of Trade and Merchants' Association, and is interested in all movements that affect the welfare of his native city.

The market and grocery store of M. Caron, 9 and 11 Market street. South Fitchburg, is an illustration of the great amount of business that can be transacted in relatively small quarters. Every line of staple groceries, bulk or package goods, prepared or uncooked foods, fancy crackers and biscuits from the largest manufacturers in this country, canned goods from the bestknown packers of fruits and vegetables - all these are shown in a highclass assortment that is not surpassed anywhere.

Pillsbury and Gold Medal flour are two of the best-known millings of wheat that are handled here, though other brands are carried and the customer is given the choice of the best on the market.

Fresh and cured meats are handled in all the varieties the wholesaler in our city carries, and a fresh consignment is received every day by this South Fitchburg establishment. Fruits, nuts, confectionery, and the relishes that are enjoyed on a well-spread table are handled here, and the housekeeper need have no fear of being told "we are just out of that," because the policy of this concern is never to be out of anything in which it deals.

vegetable or butchering business. He was consequently familiar with the requirements of this trade, and meriting the confidence of customers has very quickly built up a patronage that Is an assurance of his permanency and success.

Two years ago Mr. Caron took up real estate as a side line, and has been most successful in it. He buys and sells all kinds of real property either for cash or on commission.

Joseph Beaudreault

An;ong the stores of the Cleghorn district that have held the poijular approval and patronage is the shoe and dry goods establishment of Joseph Beaudreault, 13-15 Daniels street.

Mr. Beaudreault came to Fitchburg in September, 1891, and entered the boot and shoe trade. He has continually given his attention to that line, and though there was a similar store started the preceding year, he is now the oldest established shoe man in this part of the city.

Later, moving to the present commodious premises on Daniels street, of which he is owner, and which he remodeled to suit the needs of his business. he added a stock of dry goods, and in this department gives as complete service as in the footwear line.

Domestics and linens are carried for table and Ijed, as well as fancy goods and notions, men's and women's furnishings; while oilcloths and other household furnishings are shown in a selected stock.

Men's, women's and children's boots and shoes are handled in the makes that are known for durable quality of leather and workmanship, and each season the newest styles in lasts, leathers and colors are put in stock.

As lie is not under the heavy exp- use cf similar concerns located in the center of the city, Mr. Beaudreault carries on his business at a less expense and is consequently able to ask smaller prices for his goods. This advantage is an inducement for .people in this neighborhood to do their trading at home. Two or three people are employed, and every customer is given fair treatment and prompt response to all demands. It is by such methods that Mr. Beaudreault has won the confidence of the trading public and has become known as one of the most reliable business men in this section and highly regarded for personal and commercial qualifications.

H. A. Seidel

time. Housekeepers felt that nothing could satisfy their families except the food they cooked themselves, and not a great deal of confidence was felt in baker's products. This feeling has greatly changed in later years, for the family as well as the housekeeper realizes that manufactured foodstuffs are produced much more skilfully and accurately than by the home cook, that as pure materials as she would use herself are used by the baker, and that bread or pastry as furnished by firstclass bakers is quite as delectable as the most expert home cook could produce.

But H, Seidel, locating in Fitchburg in September, 1886, found even a quarter of a century ago a sufficient number of discriminating people to recognize and desire his fine bakery products, and it is through such expert and reliable dealers that the bakery business has been developed.

Scott Brook

At 9 Blossom street Mr. Seidel conducts one of the most complete bakeries in our city, and is the oldest established of the bakers now in business here.

Of bread, rolls, doughnuts, fancy and plain cakes and pastries, Mr. Seidel displays one of the finest as.sortments shown here, and the numerous customers of this establishment are aware that the best materials are used, the mixing and baking most thoroughly attended to, so that food purchased here is not only palatable but thoroughyl wholesome.

Mr. Seidel furnishes rolls and pastries for many large gatherings in the city, and for fancy cakes, iced or frosted confections and wedding pieces, he is the manufacturer most generally called upon.

A wholesale and retail business is done, four bakers are employed, and improved equipment is' used. Two clerks make sales at the bakery and Mr. Seidel attends to the wholesale and retail distribution, besides supervising the baking operations, for he is one of the most skilled men in this industry in this section.

He learned his trade in Germany, and has been a master baker since a few months after he located in this city, nearly a quarter of a century ago.

He is a member of the Merchants' association; a justice of the peace and notary public, and is regarded as a successful business man, and a most desirable adopted citizen.

There is no name better or more generally known in the cigar trade in this section than that of Nolan, and as a manufacturer, wholesaler, and retailer, the business of M. Nolan, 183 Main street, is one of the soundly established concerns in Fitchburg. The store is in a central location, and is a popular resort for many men who prefer the lines of goods in stock and enjoy the fellowship of the proprietor.

This concern has for years manufactured some of the most popular smokes that have been placed upon the local market, and the fame of these cigars is known in other territories, as they are sold throughout this state north of Milford to North Adams.

One of the best-known brands is the Bob Acres, a ten-cent cigar that is finely rolled, has high-class filling, and gives satisfaction in its fragrance and fine burning qualities. The Five Brothers is another cigar which the Nolan concern very largely markets. In five-centers there are the Fitchburg and 'Rollstone, among the most satisfying smokes that are offered at popular prices.

The manufacture of cigars is conducted in the workrooms over the store, and they are offered at retail in the salesroom, in connection with various other lines demanded by the users of the fragrant weed.

All the brands of tobacco are carried in bulk or package goods, cigarettes of imported and domestic manufacture, a number of different makes of cigars beside those manufactured on the premises, and a large trade is supplied both in wholesale and retail fields.

Pipes, pouches, cigar holders and other smokers' supplies are dealt in. Nolan's being one of the most extensively stocked as well as one of the best-known smoke shops in our city.

M. Nolan has been in Fitchburg for the past seventeen years, and came here from Milford, where he was one of several brothers engaged in the manufacture of cigars. The trade and territory of the Milford and Fitchburg Nolans is now amicably divided, and each one contributes to the reputation of the Nolan products.

Two cigarmakers and a stripper are employed by the local concern, beside one or two salesmen. Mr. Nolan is a member of the Board of Trade and Merchants' Association, is completely identified with Fitchburg, and is regarded as one of its sound business men, and a citizen who assists in any movement that promises the welfare of this community.

Fitchburg Hotel

Though the New Fitchburg Hotel, modernly equipped and expertly managed, is only related to the old house by the same name, through succession and locality, it has the prestige of the old establishment and is practically the oldest and best-known hotel in this part of Worcester county. Various hotels have succumbed to the passing years, but the Fitchburg and one other in the city have been alert to the times and in service and accommodations have kept pace with modern demands, and they are as important in their field as in the earlier days when they were the venders of hospitality and comfort.

renovated, newly furnished and sanitarily equipped; hot and cold running water, modern lavatory conveniences, nicely furnished rooms, steam heat, gas and electric lights, electric bells, etc., being some of the appliances that afford the guest conveniences that the discriminate traveler of today desires.

The dining room, which is ordinarily arranged to seat fifty, though having a much larger capacity when demanded for special occasions, is neat, light and attractive: and the food served in quantity and quality gives this hotel a reputation for its table that is not surpassed in our city. All the delicacies of the season are provided - the best quality meat, fish and other foodstuffs; and expert cooks, with every

Parlors, writing and sample rooms are well arranged, and the transient or permanent guest has the impression that his individual tastes have been consulted, so considerate is each employee and so prompt and efficient is every service. Some twenty-five people are employed, each one of whom is capable and thorough in the department of his station.

One of the finest stocked cafes in the city is conducted on the street floor in the rear part of the house, though E. J. Breen, the present proprietor, took hold of the business in 1908, the last year of no-license in this city.

Mr. Breen was brought up in Fitchburg, but his business training and experience was gained in the city of Worcester. He became established in his home town in February, 1908, and in spite of the difficulties in conducting a hotel without a license, he made a notable success of his administration the first year of his proprietorship and has materially added to his patronage in the subsequent period.

Traveling salesmen, theatrical people, automobile parties, are among the guests who enjoy the comforts of the Fitchburg Hotel. Mr. Breen is known to thousands of transient and local guests, who regard him as a capable and genial host and a man who Is worthy of their sincere friendship and good-will.

When one considers the variety of goods produced by the ordinary baker, his natural conclusion is that when a baker confines himself to one line he must make a superior product and have an unusual volume of trade. Such an assumption would be found true concerning J. A. Padula, who is located at 263 Water street, where he has one of the finest and best equipped bakeries in this city.

Mr. Padula produces Vienna and Sicilian bread 'only. The output, however, is about one thousand loaves a day, and this is equal to the product of the largest bakers in this section. The fact that Mr. Padula specializes In this line indicates that he is most expert and thorough, and that the bread produced here is in demand all over this city. It is sold at wholesale and retail, two teams being used to cover various routes, and various other bakers or grocers handling his output.

These breads are made from the best flour milled, and the quantity of flour that Mr. Padula keeps on hand gives an idea of the extent of his business.

The kitchen is a model of cleanliness, so that the purity of the bread Is unquestionable, both because the very best materials are used and because they are combined among wholesome surroundings. The recommendation of the bread as healthful and nutritious Is most deserved, and has resulted in an Immense trade.

The most improved machinery is used, and a sifter and mixer of the latest design was lately installed. Through all the processes of bread making there is little or no personal contact. The machinery also tends to perfect weight, methodical mixing and thorough baking, so that one day's product never varies from the next day's.

The -volume of business done would lead one to the conclusion that the business had been established for many years. On the contrary, it was founded in 1907, when Mr. Padula was a member of the firm of Florlo & Padula. Two years later Mr. Padula became sole proprietor, and there has been a most successful development in the subsequent period.

Mr. Padula is agent for F. W. Stock & Son, flour manufacturers of Hillside, Michigan, and also the Russell Miller Milling Co. These two brands of flour are of the best to be had, and the sales in this line are constantly Increasing.

Mr. Padula has been a resident of Fitchburg eleven years, is the owner of the building which he occupies, and is an enterprising and reliable business man, and a most desirable member of this community.

There is no line of business more necessary to each community than the pharmaceutical. People may have favorite places of trading that take them to different parts of the city, but in the matter of drugs or the various features that are associated with the family drug store, their trade is given to the pharmacy in their own locality, especially if it is reliable and well stocked.

There has never been any question of the methods and equipment of Moore's Drug Store, 155 Lunenburg street, corner of Boutelle, and as it has been established since January, 1898, its service is well known and depended upon.

All the general lines of drugs and chemicals are dealt in, with druggists' sundries, sick room supplies and family remedies. Mr. Moore is a member of the American Druggists' Syndicate, an organization of some twelve thousand druggists who secure through one medium all sorts of preparations and proprietary articles which are manufactured of tested materials and provide curatives for almost every known ailment.

The prescription department is managed expertly, so that the compounding is accurately and scientifically done, and no substitution is ever suggested. Cigars, confectionery and fancy goods are handled, while for the public convenience a public telephone has been installed and an agency established for express money orders.

A number of preparations of the company's own compounding are put up on the premises and every accommodation of a first-class drug store is provided; two capable clerks are employed.

F. H. Moore has been a druggist for twenty years, having formerly been employed in Athol as well as in this city; in addition to which he has had fourteen years' experience as proprietor of this business. He is a member of the State Pharmaceutical association and of the Fitchburg Druggists' association, of which he was for seven years secretary and two years president. This stamps him as one of the best-known pharmacists in our city and he is numbered among our enterprising and successful business men.

Though the bicycle in recent years has partly ceased to be a vehicle for pleasure riding, it has become nevertheless a necessary mode of transportation, and as such has become quite as popular as when it was used solely for excursions and suburban trips. To be sure, there has always been a demand for standard wheels, and in catering to this field, T. B. Matthews, the dealer at 12 Main street, has always had the patronage which a firstclass stock and efficient service would warrant.

Mr. Matthews has the agency for the Hudson, a most serviceable wheel, that is so constructed as to be durable and lasting, capable of being ridden over city streets or country roads, and costing little for repairs or upkeep. The bicycle may well be said to be the poor man's automobile, and in its way is quite as convenient, requiring no chaffeur or garage. The best makes of motorcycles are also sold by Mr. Matthews and all the supplies needed for any sort of a wheel are kept by him, while repairing is also expertly done at his shop.

The Edison phonographs are another commodity in which he deals and various sizes of these Instruments are shown in stock, in addition to which he keeps on hand cabinets and standards, horns etc., and has one of the best selected stocks of records carried in this section.

Gas and electric mantles, shades and globes are other lines of goods carried here. Sleds, skates and other sporting fuimishings used at different seasons of the year are shown in different makes and of high standards of workmanship. Repairs on any of the goods sold at this store are made by the proprietor or his assistant, and prices for new goods or jobs done here are always reasonable.

Mr. Matthews has been located at his present stand for the past six years, but has been in this immediate neighborhood for fifteen years, originally dealing entirely in bicycles, gradually increasing his operations and adding to his stock. He is known as an enterprising and reliable business man, and has gained this reputation through square dealing and upright methods.

Ralph G. Lucier

The person who does all his trading in the large stores at the center of the city and has no particular acquaintance with some of the neighborhood stores, has the feeling that they are the only ones which have an extensive selection and seasonable styles from which to choose. That this is a very great mistake may be learned by visiting such an establishment as that of Ralph G. Lucier, 158 Fairmount street, Cleghorn district.

of our department stores show, but it is true that everything that is shown is particularly salable, and nothing is carried for ornamentation or for samples. Everything shown is serviceable and appropriate for the season, so that every bit of space is taken up in a practical way, and as there is a ready sale the stock is renewed often enough to present in one season all the newest styles and materials.

The concern is distinctively an upto-date ladies' and gentlemen's furnishing house, dealing in men's clothing, suits and separate garments of reliable make and workmanship, hats, caps, etc. Hosiery, fine' neckwear and underclothing are handled, while in women's ready-to-wear goods are displayed waists, sweaters, underwear, hosiery, gloves and neckwear, the newest patterns and designs being shown in dainty or durable fabrics.

The store is conveniently and attractively arranged, and courteous and capable attention Is given all customers by the proprietor and two assistants.

Mr. Lucier, who came to Fitchburg from Nashua, was formerly employed in the clothing trade in the ' New Hampshire city. He was first located further west on Fairmount street and remained there for three years, but two years ago, needing larger premises, he took the occupancy of his present store, where facilities and patronage have been extended.

Geo. A. Mayberry & Co

There are always in any city, two or three, seldom more and sometimes less, grocery stores that have a particular class of customers, the people who not only demand good things to eat, but desire dainties and luxuries that are not afforded by a large number of people. It is among this restricted number of tradesmen that the firm of George A. Mayberry & Co., 383 Main street, is numbered, and the site occupied by him has always been associated with this particular line of trade. It is one of the old established grocery houses in our city and the changes which have taken place in this property have never Interrupted the career of the various firms that have been located here.

The business was purchased some six years ago by the present company, and the reputation of the store has not only been maintained by it, but greater facilities have been installed, the stock increased in quantity and advanced in quality, until the prestige of the present concern is undoubtedly greater than any of its predecessors.

Mayberry & Co. are known as quality dealers, the lines of goods dealt in, including staple groceries of the most highly guaranteed quality; fancy groceries, not only of superior worth, but in brands seldom shown outside of the largest cities.

Imported and domestic goods handled by the great Boston house of S. S. Peirce are carried here; also Crosse & Blackwell's bottled and tinned goods and Heinz of "57 variety" fame is represented here in canned and bottled goods, each one of which conforms to the pure food laws - naturally and finely flavored and preserved goods. Delicacies that are known only to those of cultivated appetites are handled, while in staple products a high standard is maintained from which there is no deviation.

George A. Mayberry, the proprietor of the business, came to Fitchburg from Clinton, where he had formerly been in business with his brother. His former experience combined with enterprising efforts have advanced him to his present leading position among our merchants. Mr. Mayberry is a member of the Board of Trade and Merchants' Association, and is an enterprising, public-spirited citizen of the best type.

It doesn't take such extensive quarters to conduct a tobacco and cigar store as it does for most other kinds of business. It does, however, take a central stand, as one of the cleverest tobacco men in the world has demonstrated, and this is one of the advantages that E. D. Judd has at 98 Main street.

Though the regular smoker wants to step in off the street handily when he wants a cigar or tobacco, the convenience of the location is not the only feature necessary for a cigar business. When one has secured the location, he must take care that he has the stock on hand that will please the consumer after he has entered the store. This is an important rule that is maintained at the Judd establishment, for though the store is not one of the largest in the city, one of the most expertly selected stocks is carried.

Domestic and imported cigars are sold, and at the popular prices of five and ten cents, all the finely-rolled and fragrant cigars that have national reputations are handled. The cigars are kept in proper condition so they will not lose their moisture or taste, and discriminating users of the fragrant weed are among the customers who make this, store their trading headquarters.

All popular brands of cigarettes are handled, package and bulk tobacco, cigar cases, pouches, and other smokers' supplies. Reasonable prices are asked for the specialties kept in stock.

The business has been established since September, 1909, and was formerly owned by H. D. Judd, His brother, the present proprietor, was with him, and has been sole proprietor for the past eight months.

Mr. Judd has been in Fitchburg for the past nine years and has always been a salesman. As salesman and proprietor of this business he is adept, giving customers courteous and efficient service, and providing the most desirable and high-class stock.

W. E. Oxford

Though it is possible to get dyeing and cleansing done in various parts of Fitchburg, there is really but one plant having all the facilities to do this work on its own premises, and this is the establishment of W. E. Oxford, at 306 Main street.

Mr. Oxford has been in his present business for over six years, locating in Fitchburg in April, 1905, and gradually adding to his facilities and capacity, giving a service that has brought him increasing trade, and having now one of the two naphtha cleansing establishments operated in Worcester county.

Greater improvements are under consideration. Mr. Oxford, has added to his equipment dyeing and cleansing machines, and will soon have one of the most Improved pressing machines on the market.

The dyeing and cleansing works are in the rear of the salesrooms, and the work done in these departments is equal to that turned out by the largest metropolitan establishments. Colors are suggested that will hold, the finest dyestuffs are used, while dry cleansing is admittedly the only process that wholly takes out stains or removes dirt without harming the material.

Mr. Oxford learned his trade of and was later employed by one of the most experienced men in the country, James Brown of Cambridge, who had been a responsible employee of Lewando, and the first in this country to do naphtha cleansing. Since starting into business for himself he has annually increased his trade and has given satisfaction to people who require and appreciate good workmanship. As patronage has increased, a large investment has been made in the plant, which is modem and up-to-date, and will be further Improved as the trade calls for it.

L. O. West

The extensive industrial operations of Fitchburg have been reviewed at length in this issue, and the city as a mercantile centre has also been described. It has been shown that there are various fields covered in this municipality that are not ordinarily filled in cities of this size, yet the inventory would not be complete without the mention of one other concern which has no duplicate hereabouts, and whose operations are unusual in cities of less than a hundred thousand inhabitants.

We refer to the wholesale newspaper dealer, Lewis O. West, with office and warerooms at 1 Broad street. In many cities, each newsdealer has to have a man or boy at the train, and there are different distributing points for the newspapers that daily come into any city. In Fitchburg there is one headquarters, that conducted by Mr. West, who handles all the New York and Boston papers, and the other daily or Sunday publications that are read here.

The two local papers are also handled In wholesale quantities by this concern, and because one concern does all this business, every retailer has equitable treatment and the distribution is made much more expeditiously than if each man handling them had to make his own arrangements with different publishers.

The size of the reading public in Fitchburg may be judged from the transactions of this company, which handles daily about five thousand papers. A force of three people is kept active in office work, and a man and team is employed for the outside tasks.

The business has been established for the past three years. Mr. West, the founder, came from Lynn, where he was formerly engaged in a similar enterprise. His experience put the business here on a methodical and efficient system that was immediately recognized

St. Anthony S Church

Few retail dealers In our city have a more complete high-class stock than F. Leroux, the tobacconist in the Cleghorn district, at 158 1-2 Falrmount street. This business most aptly shows that it is not the size of the premises that affects the quality or quantity of the goods, for the store occupied by Mr. Leroux is a small one, yet in high grade and desirable goods, nothing is lacking to supply the demands of the most particular smoker.

All the leading brands of tobacco are carried, and the most popular makes of cigars, at the popular prices of five and ten cent?. For other trade there are cheroots or stogies giving an economical smoke, or the finest Havanas which are luxuries worth the extra price they bring. Domestic and imported cigarettes are handled In every brand upon the market. Pipes, pouches, cigar holders and other smokers' supplies are also shown, in large assortment.

The leading magazines, all popular publications, weekly, monthly and standard prints are carried, and one of the largest lines of souvenir postals shown in this city is displayed. The new ones are put in stock here as soon as they are off the press, and people from down town, as well as residents of this district, have found Leroux's one of the very best places to trade.

Mr. Leroux has been located in this store since June, 1909, but was previously on Clarendon street, wnere he engaged in the wholesale and retail tobacco trade. Finding that his customers there were desirous of continuing their trade at the Clarendon street stand, he retained that place of business, also. He has been identified with the tobacco and smokers' supply business for seven years; he has added to his facilities and increased his operations, and is one of the sound merchants in this section.

The Cleghorn district has made the most surprising growth that has ever been known in our city. Not only has this section become one of the most largely populated in our city, but business concerns of importance have been established.

Among the successful enterprises is the house-furnishing store of L. Tousignant, 41-47 Daniels street, founded in May, 1907, and having increasing patronage and success in the succeeding four years. The concern completely covers its field, dealing in kitchen and dining room furniture, chamber suits, brass and metal beds and all kinds of bedding, sitting room and parlor furniture in all the different designs and materials placed upon the market.

Crockery and china, dining room ware and. kitchen utensils, are also handled. In heaters and ranges, such well known makes as the Glendale, Acorn, Palace and Home Queen are shown in different sizes, and with various Improved attachments.

The premises have a frontage of eighty feet and a depth of thirty-five feet, and the floor area is consequently adequate to display the stock attractively and effectively. Mrs. Tousignant is associated with him, a clerk is employed and a delivery team operated.

Mr. Tousignant came to Fitchburg from Lowell, where he had resided for thirteen years, and had been the owner of a grocery store. Fitchburg, however, offered wider opportunities in the furniture trade, and this enterprising business man has made the most of them, securing customers through square dealing and fair prices, and winning the confidence and the good-will of all residents of this community.

Charles F. Wilson

risk, only the most negligent or careless person fails to avail himself of its protection, in consequence of which the insurance agencies of the present are much more important enterprises than in former years.

The present proprietor of the business has been here since 1898, and in 1904 he bought out the Allison agency, which had been established since 1873, and with which he was connected previous to his proprietorship. Mr. Wilson therefore has the advantage of having companies and clients who have had transactions for a long period, and as the medium and stimulator of new as well as old business, his enterprising and reliable methods give satisfaction to the companies he represents and the people whom they protect.

I'ire insurance is, of course, a large part of the business, and some of the strongest and soundest companies in the world have policies written by Mr. Wilson. Such companies should be selected by prospective policy-holders, because at any time a catastrophe is liable to occur that would put weaker organizations out of business, and so make the supposed protection only a delusion and false security. Then, too, in the event of loss there is the best of reason for expecting a speedy and fair adjustment.

The other fields covered by insurance through the office of Mr. Wilson, are burglary, automobile, steam boiler, employers' liability, plate glass, accident, life, bonding and rent - in short, every class demanded in the city.

Each policy is placed with companies which give particular attention to the special line of insurance required, and as Mr. Wilson takes all precautions to do the underwriting thoroughly and after investigation, no friction arises between corporations and clients, and entire confidence is felt in all the business transacted by this agency.

In all some thirty-five companies are represented, including foreign as well as domestic organizations. Thus the insurance is placed with widely separated bodies, so that If some great disaster were to happen, no group of Insurance companies would be involved to such an extent that they would be crippled by the loss, to the consequent damage of their policy holders.

in this office, was with the Travelers' Insurance Co. for sixteen years, as a special agent with duties which took him all over the United States.

He is secretary of the Fitchburg & Leominster Board of Underwriters, secretary of the Board of Trade, was a member of the city government one year, is a native of Fitchburg, and a citizen who assists in any movement that promises the betterment or development of our communltj'.

As a resident of Fitchburg for nearly eight years, T. Cormier, the present proprietor of the meat and grocery store at 87 Fairmount street, has given evidence of his industrial ability and progressiveness. Though a carpenter l)y trade, and always engaged in the contracting business, he has at different times in the past eight years engaged in the retail business, and on several occasions has taken concerns that were run down and brought them up to a successful and prosperous position. His present location was formerly in his possession, but something more than two years ago he sold it. Last November he become owner again, and has since that time 'greatly Increased the patronage and reputation of the stand.

A complete stock of staple groceries is carried, and reasonable prices only are charged. Vegetables and provisions are dealt in, besides fresh and cured meats, and the housekeeper who trades here can always be sure that her demands each day will be fully supplied, and may feel confident that ail her orders will be delivered when promised.

It is through the confidence such methods as these engender that increased patronage that has come under Mr. Cormier's proprietorship, and now it requires two men to attend to the trade, and a team for taking orders and making deliveries.

Mr. Cormier has also had a long experience as a contractor. In this field he usually keeps four men employed, and at other times has a crew of eight or ten. He owns seven buildings In our city. Before locating in Fitchburg, he lived fifteen years in Worcester, where he was a successful contractor, and laid the foundation for a progressive career.

He has built a large number of residences in the Cleghorn district, is known for his workmanship and expertness, and is regarded as one of the successful and substantial industrial and financial men of this section, doing his part for the development and welfare of this community.

Main Street And Upper Common

Has the art of music been cultivated In Fitchburg with a degree of zeal so exceptional as to entitle it to be singled out from any other New England community? There are no fixed quantities from which an answer to such a question may be obtained. Material progress and prosperity can be accounted for in material terms. The songs that have been sung are lost in the silent spaces and voices are stilled that sang them. There has been no enumeration of music-lovers of the present day, or of past days; no measurements taken of the amount of musical culture, or of the extent of its diffusion. It is enough to know that Fitchburg has felt the impulse of and readily absorbed all the quickening influences which have brought about so marvelous an advance in the general appreciation of music during the last quarter of a century. Its people have been exceptionally fortunate in the opportunities that have been presented, for acquiring knowledge of the works of the great composers, through hearing them interpreted by artists of the first rank. From such sources has come an inspiration, which is reflected in the wider appreciation of good music, and in those activities which have led to a higher plane of art endeavor and achievement.

As a matter of fact, musical culture here, as elsewhere in New England, has had a hard struggle against adverse and unsympathetic conditions. The early settlers were austere in their modes of life, and adverse to outward demonstrations of emotion. They were not only prejudiced against, but actually hostile to all forms of secular music and to all instruments of performance. Except as an adjunct of religious worship, music was a beguilement of the Evil One, for luring mortals to everlasting perdition. Even as the handmaid of religion, music had to be stripped of all adornment, and in forms of worship was limited to the monotonous chanting of Psalms. The musical history of this country began with the rude and unskillful efforts of the Pilgrim Psalmodists, and the painful and laborious essays of the Puritans in sacred song.

Whatever of growth and development musical culture in Fitchburg has had. has come from a root planted in such uncongenial soil. What has already been said in a general way finds confirmation in the public records of the old town of Fitchburg. At a town meeting held in April, 1784, it was voted "to have the Petition Betweene the mens & the womens seats in the front gallary, so as the men Singers to have the front Gallary for their use." There were no suffragettes in those days to resent such an act of favoritism in providing accommodations for the "men Singers." It appears, however, that these seating arrangements were not entirely satisfactory, for at a town meeting in March, 1786, it was voted "to have the front gallery made Convenant for the singers provided they Dow it on there Cost for that use."

The seating of the singers was not the only subject of concern, for the form of religious worship that should be prescribed was brought up in an article in the warrant for a town meeting, which was held May 16. 1787 and which voted "to sing five times on the Lord's day. The first singing before prayer without reading, after prayer with reading line by line, and set such tunes as the Congregation can in general sing; in the afternoon before prayer without reading, after prayer with reading, & after sermon without reading."