Plymouth Town (part 15 of 54)

Among the colored people in the town, we find the names of several persons whose descendants are not in the town, many of them having removed to other localities, as Calvin and Luther Jotham, who removed to Maine, Thomas Mitchell, Amos Corduer, Jloses Sash, Cuff Robin, Bennett 0. Battou, Henry Traveller, Elias Sewell, Boston Foye, Giuaar Kaston, Cuffee Wright, Susannah Huggins, and Oxford, who Were married while servants in the family of Daniel Howard, Esq., Segnio Scott, and Primus Freeman.

There is one family of these people who have become quite numerous, - the descendants of James ! Easton, who came from Middleboro' previous to tlie I incorporation of the town. He had seven children, three of whom settled in this vicinity. Caleb mar- \ ricd, and had six children, some of whom are now ' residents of the town. '

The anti-slavery movement in this town did not meet with that favor which it received in many other places. It began by the circulation of tracts upon that subject, and with lectures by various persons, among whom were W. L. Garrison, Parker PilUbury, S. S. Foster, C. C. Burleigh, and, later, Wendell Phillips and Frederick Doughiss. These persons were the champions of the cause, and their etforts have, no doubt, produced some good results.

Political parties have changed from tinje to time, till, in the election of Governor Andrew and Abraham Lincoln, the town has shown, by their votes, that they were in earnest in the cause of freedom.

Temperance. - Previous to ISOO, it was a common custom to use liquors as a beverage; and even till about 1830 it was the practice to have it at public gatherings, weddings, ministerial associations, auetiuns, raisings, military parades, and such occasions were tiot complete without their punch.

It was also indispensable that those who acted the part of bearers at funerals should have something to stimulate or keep up their spirits. All the grocery stores in the country kept liquor for sale as much as they did molasses. Upon an examination of some of the old account-books of those that kept groceries, we found about one half the charges were for rum, gin, brandy, etc., which were included in the list of necessaries of life.

The first item we find recorded in regard to restricting the open sale of intoxicating licjuors, was " to post the names of those who were reputed as 'drunkards,' or ' common tipplers,' in the houses of those that held licenses for retailing liquor," wliith duty devolved upon the selectmen, as well as to forbid their selling to such persons.

Previous to 1820, licenses were granted by the Court of Sessions in each county to a certain number in each town to sell liquor, subject to the approval of the "Fathers of the Town." Alter that date, they were granted by the county commissioners.

The first efibrt we find recorded of an etlort to stop the peddling of "ardent sperit" was Oct. 8, ISOU, when the parish, at a meeting held on that day, " voted that there be no sellers of liquor and carts on the green, and that the parish committee see that the above order is complied with." Tiiia vote w;is passed for a special occasion, - that of the ordiiiatiuii of llcv. Asa Meech, Oct. 15, 1800.

SuppressioD of Tutemperance," the object of which i was to discontinue and suppress the too free use of ardent spirits, and its kindred vices, profaneness and gaining, and to promote temperance and general morality. This society labored hard against the tide of public opiuion till 1825, when the subject began to be discussed so freely that a still more efficient method was proposed, and new means were taken to spread the fearful effects of intoxication before the people.

A meeting was held by a few individuals during the year, which resulted in the foundation of the American Temperance Society, whose grand principle Wits abstinence from strong drink, and its object, by light and love, to change the habits of the nation with regard to the use of intoxicating liquors. On the 13th of February, 1826, the society was regularly organized, officers chosen, and a constitution prepared.

This society employed agents to travel through the country, preaching, and delivering temperance lectures, arousing the people to the evil efl'ects of liquor. Among those engaged in that calling were Rev. Nathaniel Hewett, Rev. Joshua Leavitt, and Daniel C. Axtell. These men came to this town and gave lectures to arouse the people of the town to a sense of their responsibility, and which had its efl'ect.

In 1829 we find the following on the records of the town, in answer to a call for a town-meeting, " to see what measures the town will take to prevent the too frequent use of ardent spirit."

March 9, 1829, "voted to raise a committee of twenty persons, to prevent the improper use of ardent spirits." The following persons were chosen as that committee: Joseph Sylvester, Esq., Darius Howard, Isaac Keith, Eliphalet Kingman, Deacon Jacob Fuller, Lieut. Isaac Packard, Deacon Jonathan Perkins, Lieut. Ephraim Cole, Micah Shaw, Nathaniel Amos, Ensign Mark Perkins, Capt. Abel Kingman, Perez Crocker, Jesse Perkins, Esq., Benjamin Ames, Edward Southworth, David Cobb. Caleb Howard, Esij., Silas Packard, Esq., and Joseph Packard.

Again, Monday, April G, 1829, " voted to direct the selectmen to post up the names of such persons as, in their judgment, drink too much ardent spirit."

Also, made choice of the following persons, to constitute a committee, to give the selectmen information of such persons namely : Edward Southworth, Thomas Wales, Martiu Cary, Micah Shaw, Isaac Curtis, Capt. Thomas Thompson, Capt. Ziba Keith, Turner Torrey, Mark Perkins, Lieut. Isaac Packard, and Lieut. Ephraim Cole.

Again, Feb. 26, 1830, an attempt was made to reduce the number of persona licensed to sell liquor. The town " voted to leave the subject of licenses to the selectmen."

In 18-10, the " Washingtonian Movement" commenced, which was started in Baltimore by a few individuals. At this time there was a complete overhauling of the temperance question. Speeches were made, picnics were frequent, and every effisrt made to induce people to join in the enterprise. Societies were formed among the children, " cold water armies" were organized, who held meetings for mutual benefit and social intercourse.

Next came the " Maine Law," that originated in Portland, Me., by Neal Dow. This caused a new movement among the temperance people. Votes were passed at nearly every town-meeting to prosecute and bring to the law those who violated the same, by using or selling liquor.

March 15, 1847, the town " voted that the selectmen be instructed to take efiectual measures to suppress the sale of ardent spirits within the town."

April 10, 1848, in town-meeting, Messrs. George W. Bryant, Esq., George B. Dunbar, and Alpheus Holmes were chosen a committee to draft a set of bylaws for the action of that meeting, and who submitted the following report, namely :

" Wdeueas, It appears to the inhabituDtf, in toivn-nieetius aaseutblcd, that, in order to preserve the peace, ^^ood order, and internal police of the town, it has become necessary to avail ourselves of the advantage of making Town liv-Laws for the suppression of intemperance agreeably to authority vested by the Legislature of Massachusetts;

"Siic. 1. That no person within said town shall presume to bo a retailer or seller of Cider, Stroug Beer, Ale, Porter, or any other fermented liquors, in less quantities than twenty-eight gallons, and that delivered and carried away all at one time, under pain of forfeiting tlie sum of Twenty-Five Dollars for each offence,

March 11, 1850, at a meeting held this day it was " voted that any person guilty of the violation of any I law regulating the sale of spirituous or fermented ; liquors shall receive from the treasurer of the town j the sum of twenty-five dollars for the expense atteiidj ing said prosecutions, the same to be paid on applica- ' tion, after having been approved by the selectmen."

During (lie month of May, 1851, llnv. Henry Moiijau came into town, and created no little euiiiusiasm throughout the town ou the subject of temperance. His cause was the theme of conversation iu the parlor, workshop, and by the way. Parents, cousius, and friends joined in the work with children and youth. The clergymen, also, rendered valuable aid ; so that, wiien Mr. Morgan left town, it was with a cheerful lieart, and a list of seventeen hundred .signers to the pledge, which was more names, in proportion to the population, than he had obtained iu any other town.

Among those who were especially entitled to credit for being active iu the labor of procuring signers to tlie pledge, were Gardner J. Kingman, Joseph Vincent, Ellis V. Lyon, Frederic Packard, Lucretia A. Drake, Alma F. Leach, Bradford E. Jones, Ellen A. Howard, Martha A. Packard, and Bethia Hayward.

The citizens of the town held a public meeting at Satucket Hall, Sept. 10, 1851. The meeting was called to order by George B. Dunbar, and Dr. Henry Eddy chosen president, and the following resolution was passed :

" Heaolved, Tbat tho friends of temperuncc in this town are in fjivor of enforcing tlie law for the su)i|ire8siun of the sale and use of intoxicating drink?, now and always, by every means in tltcir power, both legal and moral, and that, too, against the whims and moaus of a conscienceless class of persons who arc willing fur a few dollars to scatter dcstruotion auiungst their fellow-eitizens."

Jan. 21, 1852, a mammoth petition, containing one hundred and twenty thousand names in favor of the " Maine Law," was presented to the Legislature of Massachusetts. Many friends (one hundred and twenty-six) of the temperance movement repaired to Boston, to join iu a procession that was formed at Tremont Temple, to accompany the roll to the State- House.

March 1, 1852, "voted to instruct our town representative to vote for the bill to prohibit the manufacture and sale of intoxicating drinks, as originally rejiortcd to the Senate by the committee, and that ho also be instructed to oppose the sending of the bill to the people for their ratiiication."

A public temperance meeting was held at the vestry of the Methodist Church, Aug. 9, 1S52, Dr. Henry Eddy, president, at which a committee of forty-two were chosen to inform of, and furnish evidence of, violations of the new and stringent law for the suppression of the sale of intoxicating li([Uors.

March 20, 1854, " voted to exclude alcoholic drinks from the fire department." Also, " voted that any member of the same tiiat shall become intoxicated

Sinclair Band op Hope (established in 1858). - This association was under the direction of the superintendent of the Porter Church Sabbath-.-chuol, tlie object of which was to encourage the young to ab.stain from the use of intoxicating li([uurs, tobacco, ami profanity.

NoRTu Star Division, No. 88, Sons of Tk.m- PEr'ance. - This division was instituted Feb. 2o, 1859, and was known by the above name. design of this association is to shield till cla.>.-es lV(jiii the evils of intemperance, afford niutuul assistance in case of sickness, and elevate their characters as men." The charter of this association was surrendered Dec. 4, 1863.

Fraternal Lodge, No. 24, Independent Order OF Good Templ.\US. - This organization was instituted Sept. 28, 18G0, under the above name, the object of which was similar to tl-.e North Star Division.

There was another division of the Sous of Temperance in the town, called the Crystal Fount Division, in 1S47, which is not in existence at the present time.

Aug. 14, 1863, the State of Mas.^achuselts was divided into thirty districts, and in each was formed a District Temperance Union. Such an one was formed, including North Bridgewater East, ami West Bridgewater, Lakeville and Carver, and was known as the Old Colony District Temperance Union. George B. Dunbar was vice-president, and Itev. William A. Start secretary and treasurer.

We have thus far seen that the movements of thitemperance cause in Brockton are not; unlike those in most country towns. There have, at different times. been various temperance organizations, both among the adult population and the children, but the pariiculars of which are not at hand. It is to be hoped that the efforts to restrain the free use (>f into.\icatiiig liquors may still continue as in times ])ast, that the baneful etlects of intoxication may not increase, bui grow beautifully less.

Dii. Philip Buyant w;is boiu in Middleboro', Muss., in December, 1732. He lived some time with his father in Titicut (Teightaquid), a parish formed of part of Middleboro' nud part of South Bridgewater. With his father, he removed to North Bridgewater (now Brockton), concerning which he was wont to say that he remembered the time when a greater part of it was thought quite unfit for the purposes of settlemeut. He studied medicine with Dr. Abiel Howard, of West Bridgewater, whose daughter he married. He was a man of great bodily activity, a calm and eveu temper, healthful habits, and kindly mannei's. He continued to practice medicine with much success to u very old age, wliich was terminated by his death, which took place February, 1817, in the eighty-fifth year of his age. He was buried in the small graveyard near the westerly portion of the Agricultural Society's grounds.

Dr. Peter Bryant, son of Dr. Philip Bryant, was born in North Bridgewater (now Brockton), Aug. 12, 17(57. This man early distinguished himself by his love of study. In his frequent visits to the house of his grandfather, Dr. Abiel Howard, of West Bridgewater, he found, in a library well stocked for that time, the means of gratifying his tliirst for knowledge. He studied medicine and surgery, completing his course with Dr. Lewis Leprilete, a French physician of eminent skill and a celebrated surgeon of Norton, Mass. He then removed to Cuiumington, in the western part of Massachusetts, which was just beginning to fill up rapidly with settlers from the e:istern counties of the State. Here he established himself as a physician, and married a daughter of Ebenezer Snell, Esq., also a North Bridgewater family.

For several years he represented the town of Cummington in the Legislature of the State, and in the latter part of his life held a seat in the Senate. While in the Legislature he took a prominent part in bringing forward and passing laws still in force to raise the standard of medical education in the State. In politics he belonged to the Federal party, whose doctrines and measures he supported with zeal. lie wrote for the county paper - Jlainpshire Gazette - certain humorous poems of a satirical cast, the design of which was political. With these he took great pains, pruning and retouching them, and polishing and invigorating the lines. His scholarship, though not extensive, was remarkably exact. lie had, subsequently to his settlemeut in Cummington, made a voyage to the Indian Ocean, and passed six motiths in the Isle of France, where he acquired the French language, and preserved his familiarity with it for the rest of his life. He was a surgeon of great dexterity, firmness of hand, and precision in his operations ; in private life amiable and much beloved. Ilis life was closed in consumption the I'Jth of March, 1S20. William Cullen Bryant, Esq., the well-known American puet, was his son.

Luther Cary was son of Zachariah and Susannah (Bass) Cary, and was born in North Bridgewater (now Brockton), May 30, 1761 ; married Nabby, daughter of Benjamin King, of Raynham, Mass. ; studied medicine with Dr. James Froeiand, of Sutton, Worcester Co., Miiss., 1782 ; appointed justice of the peace June 8, 1800, justice of peace and of (|Uorum Aug. 23, 1804, and justice of the Court of Common Pleas for Oxford County March 3U, 1S05. He first resided at Sterling, Mass. ; removed from there to Williamsburgh, Mass., from whiuh place he removed to Turner, Oxford Co., Me., April 2, 1798. [ He waa an excellent physician, had a very extensive practice, and was very successful ; raised up a large and respectable family, the most of whom are now i living, one, a clergyman, residing in Iowa.

only ; married Molly, daughter of Capt. Zebedee Suull, Sept. 2, 1792, and had one son, Elisha Suell, born iu 1794 ; married Betsy Cliaudler, of Easton, 1S19.

Ziba Bass, M.D., was son of Edward Bass. Ho w;ui born in Braiutree, May 28, 1774; studied medicine with Dr. Ebeoezcr Alden, of Randolpli, Mass., and commeuced practice in North Bridgewater (.now Brockton) about 1800 under the most favorable auspices, with the fairest prospects of usefulness to his fellow men. He was a man of very pleasing address, pf au affectionate and amiable disposition, and gave unwearied attention to tlie welfare uf liis patients. His assiduity in search of knowledge, and his constant and undeviating fidelity iu all the duties of his profession, won the affection and established the confidence of a numerous class of the community in the circle of his acquaintance ; but he was suddenly called, soon after commencing in life, from his earthly labors, leaving a weeping multitude to deplore his loss. The following is on his tombstone :

*' EreeteJ to the uieinory of Dr. Ziba L;i33, who dictl September 23, A.D. 1SU4, in the thirty-lirst your of liis age, giving full pioof tliut uscfuloeaa was hia grand object in life. lie wild a jiattem uf modeaty, teuij-toraucc, fidelity, prudence, ecououjy, and uprightness, and died in hope of eternal rest and glory. Hence the following appropriaiiun : ' Blessed arc the dead who die in the Lord from henceforth : Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labors ; and their works do follow them.' "

Dr. Nathan Perry. This good man was born in Norton, May 27, 1776 ; was educated in the common schools of his native town, never having received a coUese education ; pursued the study of medicine under the direction of Dr. Isaac Fowler, of Rehoboth, Mass., and Dr. Ebenezer Alden, Sr., of Randolph, both of whom were physicians of eminence in their day, and accustomed to the instruction of young men. Having completed his pupilage, Dr. Perry commenced practice in Heading, Mass., 1802 or 1803, where he acquired a good reputation and a competent share of employment. On the death of Dr. Ziba Bass, which took place Sept. 3, 1804, at North Bridgewater (now Brockton), on the recommendation of his instructor, and by the soricitations of many respectable citizens of that town, he was induced to change his residence, and take the place of his deceased friend. He was immediately introduced into a wide circle of practice, and during a period of nearly thirty years was the principal physician in the town. At length, in connection with reverses in his worldly circumstances and the loss of most of the members of his family by death, his spirits became depressed and his mind impaired. Subsequently he suffered from paralysis, and never fully recovered the perfect exercise of either his bodily or mental powers ; consequently, during the last twenty-five years of his life, he relinquished to a great extent the active duties of his profession. In 1823 he became a fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society by election, and a retired member in ISilO. He was a good physician, a man of sound judgment and sterling integrity, always pursuinu- the couiae he judged to be right, whatever might be the consequences to himself In early life he made a public profession of his faith in Christ, and his chai^aetcr was in perfect harmony with his profession. He died peacefully in a ripe old age, more from the debility incident to decay of his vital powers than fruni any manifest disease. Such was Dr. Perry, a good man and a worthy citizen. He closed his earthly career Sabbath morning, Aug. 16, 1857, at the advanced age of eighty-one years, leaving behind a memory cherished with affectionate regard by those who have shared his friendships and benefited by his counsels.

"About tbo year 1792, Nathan Perry, afterward Dr. Perry, of North Bridgewater, then a youth of some sixteen years uf age, was one day passing by Judge Leonard's deer-park, in Norton ; he playfully reached bis bands through the fence and took hold of one of the old buck's horns, and for jouic time annoyed him in that way. At length tiie deer gut out uf patience, broke away from his bold, and quite unexpectedly Ktaped over the fence, 6even or eight feet high, and made a furious aU.iek upon young Perry, throwing him upon the ground ; bur, very fortunately, the horns uf the enragctl deer, insiead uf striking his body, passed down on each side of it. ^Vllile in this position X.ithan grasped the horns of the buck, and succeedcil in pn-venting him from doing any injury till bis brothers, Ciardincr and .\1- vin, with une of Judge Leonard's men, came and lescued him from his perilous aituatiun."

Dr. Jonathan Porter Crafts was son of John and Olive (Porter) Crafts; born in North Bridgewater (now Brockton), Sept. 9, 1792 ; graduated at Brown University, Providence, R. I., in 1817 ; studied medicine, but never practiced his profession ; he died in 1822, aged thirty years.

Adolphus Kinsman Borden, M.D., was born in the town of Hortou, Nova Scotia, Jan. 2t;, 1SU2. He was the oldest son of David and Ijlizabeth Borden, the former being a direct descendant from the Boiden family who came to England from Normandy at the time of the conquest. He received his early education under private tuition, and came to the United States at about the age of nineteen years, where he took up his abode with his uncle, Samuel Borden, of Fairhaven, Mass. He soon afterwards went to East Bridgewater, Mass., where he commenced the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Hector Orr. Later he studied in the office of the late Dr. Jacob Bigelow, of BcstOD, aud after attending two courses of lectures at the Harvard Medical School, received his degree of M.D. from that university August, 1824. He went to the town of Wareham, Mass., where lie practiced his profession about one year, and then returned to East Bridgewater, where, on the twentysecond day of Decenjber, 1825, he was joined in marriage tu Lucy Ann Ijazell, daughter of Bartholomew aud Betsey Bruwu, by the Rev. Richard M. Hodges. As a result of tliis union tlie following children were boru to him : Elizabeth Kinsman (died in infancy), George Kinsman, Edward Adolphus, Mary Mitchell, and Henry Francis, the latter being a practicing physician in the city of Brockton at the present time.

He removed to North Bridgewater (now Brockton), and commenced his career as a physician in that place by settling in that part of the town known as the West Shares (now Brockton Heights). About one year later he removed to the central part of the township. His practice was extensive and successful, and be continued it without rest until within a few mouths of his death, which took place on Jan. 29, 1875, after severe sutt'ering from a sub-acute abscess of the brain and meningitis. As a physician he was an acute and careful observer, a thorough believer in the methods of study as laid down by Lord Bacon, viz. : " observation aud induction." Always cool and cheerful in the sick-room, he was able to study his cases without any preconceived notion as to their nature, but ready to state them as he found their nature and extent to be. As a man, he was one of the kindest of husbands and fathers, sensitive in his nature, strong in his likes and dislikes, and quick to resent anything that tended to place him in the light of any character that was otherwise than honorable.

Abel W. Kingman, M.D., is son of Abel and Lucy (Washburn) Kingman, born in North Bridgewater, April 22, 18(IG ; graduated at Amherst College in 1830 ; commenced the practice of physician and surgeon at North Bridgewater, where he resided till bis death, which took place May 4, 1883. He was appointed postmaster of Brockton during Buchanan's administration.

James F. Richards, M.D., is son of Col. Jason aud Sophia (Forsaith) Richards, of Plainficld, Mass. ; was born July 16, 1832; taught school in Virginia; studied medicine with Dr. Forsaith, M.D., of South Abiugton, Mass. ; graduated at the College of Physicians aud Surgeons of New York in 1859, aud was a resident of Campello, enjoying a lucrative practice. He is now a resident of Andover, Mass.

Dean, of Eaaton, Mass.; born Dec. 17, 1837 ; came to Brockton in June, 1861, and succeeded Dr. Alexander Hichborn in the practice of medicine. He received his early education in the district schools of his native town till he was fourteen years of age ; student at Bristol Academy from 1853 to 1S56; studied medicine with Dr. Luther Clark, of Pinckuey Street, Boston ; graduated at Medical School, Harvard, March 6, 1861 ; practiced in Boston for a short time, aud from thence to this city, where he enjoys a lucrative and successful practice.

Horatio Bryant, M.D., is son of Jlicah aud Drusilla (Harlow) Bryant; born in Plympton, Mass.; fitted for college with Rev. Elijah Dexter, and at Amherst Academy ; entered Amherst College ; taught school at Castleton, Vt. ; graduated at Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. ; taught academy at Plain field, N. J. ; studied medicine at Yale College, where he graduated in 1839 ; he commenced practice as a physician and surgeon at Blandford, Mass., where he remained several years. He married Lucretia, daughter of Ebeuezer Clark, of Conway, Mass., and has one daughter. He removed from Blandford to Campello, Mass., about 1848. He now resides at Independence, Iowa.

Dr. Thomas Stockbridge was born in Scituate, Mass.; came to Brockton about 1837, and practiced as a physician several years, until he removed to New York ; he continued his practice in that city till about 1855, when he returned to Brockton, and cuutiuued to practice as before till his death, which took place Jan. 14, 1863.

Dr. James Easton was in practice for some time. Dr. Nahum Smith was a botanic physician in the town for many years, till he removed to Haverhill, 51 ass.

Henry Eddy, M.D., came to Brockton as a physician from Guilford, Conn. He was formerly an Orthodox clergyman ; settled in East Stoughton, Mass. ; he died several years since.

Dr. James Lewis Hunt was born in Jay, Essex Co., N. Y., Nov. 27, 1817 ; educated at Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, N. H., and graduated at Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H., in 1842; attended medical lectures at Cleveland and Cincinnati, Ohio ; graduated at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, in 1851 ; married Miss Maria Baldwin, of Medina, Ohio, Sept. 11, 1850; practiced medicine at Bellevue, Ohio, Plymouth, Mass., and Brockton ; removed from the last-named place but a few years since, and now resides at Painesville, Ohio.

Dr. Alexander Hichborn had an office in the village, and practiced aa a physician till ISGl, when he enlisted as a captain in Company F, Twelfth Regiuieut, Col. Fletcher Webster ; afterwards became surgeon in the army.

Silas L. Loomis, A.M., M.D., w;ib born in North Coventry, Conn., May 22, 1832 ; son of Silas and Esther (Case) Looniis ; educated at the public schools of his native town till fourteen years of age ; studied sis months at Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, Mass., three years at Holliston, Mass. ; graduated at Wesleyan University, Middletowu, Conn., at the age of si.vteen ; taught school ; elected teacher of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at Holliston Academy in 1839 ; held that position during preparatory and part of his collegiate studies ; in connection with liis brother, established the Adelphiau Academy iu North Bridgewater (now Brockton) in 1 844, of which he was associate principal for ten years ; was elected member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1853, at the Cleveland meeting ; principal of Western Academy, Washington, D. C, 185G ; graduated Doctor of Medicine, Georgetown College, 1850 ; accepted the appointment of chief astronomer of the United States Lake Survey Expedition in 1856 ; published the " Normal Arithmetic" and " Analytical Arithmetic" in 185'J ; elected professor of Chemistry, Physiology, and Hygiene of Georgetown College in ISGl, and the same year was elected president of tlie Washington Scientitic Association ; in 18G2 was appointed assistant surgeon U. S. A., aud accompanied the Union army of Gen. McClellan from Fortress Monroe to Harrison's Landing, and afterwards stationed at the United States general hospitals; in 18G3, elected to the chair of Chemistry aud Toxicology, Medical Department, Georgetown College, and has written various articles upon medical and scientific subjects, many of which are highly recommended by the press and distiuguished men of all classes.

Lafayette Charles Loomis, A.M., M.D., born in North Coventry, Conn., July 7, 1824 ; son of Silas and Esther (Case) Loomis ; he was educated at the public school till the age of thirteen ; studied at Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, Mass., and at Holliston, Mass. ; graduated at Wesleyan University, Jliddletown, Conn., in 1844 ; he commenced teaching in the public schools at the age of fifteen, which he continued to do winters through his academic and collegiate studies; in connection with his brother, established the Adelphian Academy iu North Bridgewater (now Brockton) in 1844, of which he was a.ssociute principal till 1851 ; afterwards principal of Irving Institute, Tarrytown, N. Y., in 1852-53; elected professor of Rhetoric and Natural Science in Wesleyan Female College, Wilmiugtuii, Del., in 1853; professor of Moral and Mental Pliiloaophy in 1854, which chair he held till his election as president of the college, in 1857. Several articles afipearL-d in the N^utional Magazine during that time. He was elected a member of the American Association tur the Advancement of Science in 185G. Iu lb57 elected president of the Delaware State Teachers' Association. In 1858 he jiublished '- Mizjiah, Prayer and Friendship," u devotional work of great merit; removed to Washington, D. C, and established the Lafayette Institute, a seminary for young ladies ; edited " Mrs. Thomas' Travels in Europe, Iv-'yi't, and Palestine" iu 18G0 and iu 18G1 ; wrote upon various subjects; graduated Doctor of Medicine and Surgerj', Medical Department, Georgetown College, iu 1SG3.

Present Physicians. - Among the present practitioners of medicine of Brockton are tiie following : Henry F. Borden, George E. Freeman, E. A. Dakin, James C. Swan, A. Eliott Paine, E. A. Chase, S. J. Gruver, J. E. Bacon, Bradford Allen, Benedict Donuovan, Chauncy M. Marston, W. P. Chisholui, Daniel A. Dimock, Fred. A. Ripley, E. E. Dean, Henry G. Ford, T. F. Roche, E. H. Sprague, Bartholomew W. Taber, Miss Ellen R. Blackwood, Mrs. J. D. Wheeler (eclectic), iSlrs. M. R. Stebbins, Fred. Crockett (magnetic).

Dr. Henry F. Borden is the son of Dr. A. K. Borden, one of the oldest physicians of the past generation, aud was born and educated in his native town, and is a successful member of the profession.

Dr. James C. Swau is the son of Dr. Caleb Swan, of Easton, born of a family eminent for their skill as physicians, and it would be strange indeed if the son should not inherit some of the skill and success for which his father was noted. Although born in Easton and .settled in West Bridgewater, yet he has a large aud lucrative practice in Brockton, and has become one of the leading physicians in the county.

Chapter Xxii

Burying-Groimds. - The custom of buryina the dead iti public places pi-evailed amon^ the most ancient nations. The Rorauns ob.servcd this custom in the earliest days, and in tiie more flourishing; periods of the republic they burnt their dead, and only buried their ashes in urns. The ancient Germans deposited their dead in groves consecrated by their priests, and with the introduction of the Christian religion consecrated places of burial have been appropriated fur that purpose all over the world. Christians of all deoominatious are beginning to regard the burialplaces of their friends with that reverence due to the departed.

Few evidences of a more refined sentiment can be found more marked than the selection of beautiful and choice grounds for the final resting-place of their friends. The once cheerless and gloomy aspect of our old burying-grounds has become attractive by the removal of all noxious weeds, thistles, and briers, and the yards neatly laid out with walks " round about."

Ill the early settlement of the country burying-lots were selected more witli regard to convenience than for looks. Now beautiful spots of ground are selected in retired localities, in some shaded grove, or in some rural locality. Costly monuments are erected without regard to expense. Formerly, after the bodies were buried, the care of the grave ceased. Now neat headstones are erected, and beautiful flowers are kept in bloom over the remains of loved ones.

Probably the first burial-place in Brockton was that situated on the westerly side of the main street, leading from the Centre to Campello, and but a short distance from the residence of the late William Tribou. These grounds are of small size, and contain one tomb, and that of ancient date. In this yard many of the headstones are broken, or rough and irregularly placed, and some covered with moss, rendering the names quite illegible. This yard shows how little regard so many in the community pay to the final resting-place of their friends. It would .seem as though the friends and posterity of tlio.se buried there would try to improve a spot so exposed as that, on one of the public streets of the town. A few trees set out would change the appearance very much, and a trifling expense in rearranging might make it quite attractive. We hope ere long to see some improvements in that direction.

Another yard was situated nearly opposite the Salisbury House, Campello, which was a very small family yard belonging to a few individuals. The first person buried there was Jonas Keith, the former owner of the land, who died of the smallpox. The occupants or proprietors of this lot have removed the remains of their friends to the new Union Cemetery. There was a family tomb in the yard belonging to the heirs of the late Simeon Keith. This lot uas small, and situated quite near many houses, and was in so exposed a condition that it was given up as a burial-place .several years since.

There is still another quite large burying-ground at the north end of the Centre, funning the corner of Main and Ashland Streets. This is an old yard, and is well filled with graves. How long this has been used for the purposes of burial we have no means of knowing. It is, however, one of the oldest in the town, and, like the first mentioned, needs care and some expense to make it attractive. There is one tomb in this yard erected by Col. Caleb Howard.

There is also another burial-ground near the residence of the late Ezekiel Merritt. This is probably quite an old spot, and is not much used of late, very few families being interested in the lot. The grandfather of William Cullen Bryant and others of the Bryant family lie buried here.

Following Belmont Street to the west till we come near the mill at Tilden's Corner, on Liberty Street, we find a neat little yard, fenced with a substantial stone wall, with but a few graves in it, and those that are there seem to exhibit some care.

There is also a burying-ground in the easterly part of the town, on Pine Street, near the residence of the late Samuel Packard, in very good order.

On Summer Street, near the residence of the late John Thompson, is another small yard, inclosed with a substantial stone fence, in wliich are several graves of comparatively recent date.

Melrose Cemetery. - Traveling on the road from Brockton to Stoughton, on the Taunton tuinpike, we find a moderate-size spot of ground set apart for burial purposes, under the above name. In these grounds is one tomb belonging to the heirs of the late Capt. Lemuel Packard. This yard has the appearance of neatness, and is a very desirable location for a cemetery.

In 1848, Messrs. Chandler Sprague, Esq., and William F. Brett purchased a lot of land containing about fifteen acres, of Azel Packard, extending from

Centre Street ou the uorth to Crescent Street on the south, and bordering upon Sprague's Pond on the west, for tlie purpose of a cemetery. The land was divided into lots, walks, and avenues, and sold to various individuals for burial purposes.

The followiug persons were organized into a corporation under the name of Union Cemetery, Oak Grove, of North Bridgewater, April 27, 1S49, naiucly : Benjamin Kingman, George B. Dunbar, Abel Kingman, George W. Bryant, David Howard, Chandler Sprague, Francis M. Frencli, Bobert Smith, Lorenzo D. Hervcy, William P. Howard, Edward Soutiiworth, Jr., Charles S. Johnson, and William P. Brett.

The cemetery was consecrated by appropriate exercises May 21, 1849, at which Rev. Daniel Huntington, of Campello, delivered an able address appropriate to the occasion.

There is also another cemetery on the north side of Court Street, near Perez Southwortli's, containing about three acres, which is occupied by the friends of the Crttliolic persuasion, under care of Rev. T. B. McNulty, called St. Patrick's Cemetery.

Hearse. - In the early history of towns we find it was customary to carry the remains of departed friends to the grave upon a bier made for that purpose. It was usually carried upon the shoulders of men selected for that service, who were called bearers. Upon tiie introduction of carriages an effort was made to procure a hearse to take the place of the bier.

In a warrant calling a meeting of the North Parish in April, 1818, we find an article "to see if the parish would build, or cause to be built, a hearse or decent carriage to carry tiie dead to a place of interment, and a building to keep the same in." " Voted not to act upon the article.''

Judging by a vote passed in November, 1828, we should suppose that a hcarso and house were built by private enterprise. The vote is as follows : " Voted to accept of the hoarse and house as presented by the proprietors to the town of North Bridgewater, and that said town will pay the balance due to Captain David Ames for building said house, amounting to fifty-two dollars."

The house stood on the old church green until Aug. 10, 1835, when tlie parish voted to have it removed on account of building the parsonage house.

Nov. 4, 1850, a committee was chosen to-day to repair the old or build a new hearse. Franklin Ames, Eliphalct Kingman, and Unci Richmond were the committee. A new hearse was procured during the year, and is the one now owned by the town.

March 18, 1788, at a meeting held this day in the North Parish "to see if the parish will vote to purchis a burying cloath, and choose a man or men to purchis the same," it was "voted that the picciiiet committee purchis a burying cloath, aud the}' use tlicir Discresion in that afair."

Town Pound. - In the early settloment of the towns throughout the province swine were alluweJ to ruu at large, upon their being properly yoked, between April 1st aud October 15th, and '- ringed in the nose uU the rest of the year," under a penalty of sixpence each. Also all sheep running at large, and not under a shepherd, between May 1st and Octuber olst to a fine of threepence each. The several towns could, by vote of a majority, allow them to ruu at large, but when they voted not to have them run there was need of a place to put those who should violate the law and break into corn-fields or private iuclosures. In 1608 a law was passed requiring towns to make and keep a pound, as follows :

"That tUero shall be a suUiciL'nt jiound or pounild made and umintained, from time to liiiio, in every towit and precinct within thi:i province, iu :juch part or places tliercut' as tlie selectmen shall direct and appoint, at a oust and cliargc of such town and precinct, for the impounding or rcstrainin;^ of any swine, neat cattle, horses, or sheep as shall be found dainage-fca:iunt in any corn-tield or other enclosures; or swine, unyuked or unringod, neat cattle, horses, or sbecp guin;^ upon the couimou, not allowed to feed there by the major part of the I'ropriety," etc.

In accordance with the above retiuiremcnt the town of Bridgewater maintained a town pound from its first settlement, and when it was divided into precincts each precinct was required to erect one within their limits. The North Parish (now Brockton) being a law-loving and law-abiding people, erected one upon or near the meeting-house green, which remained till 1828, when, by a vote of the town of North Bridgewater (now Brockton), it was removed. April 7, 1828, the followiug record appears on the town books: " Voted to accept the offer of Benjamin Kingman, which is to furnish the town with a pound for forty years, and remove the stone of the pound for his own use as a compensation."

When the lands of our fathers were wild and unfenced, the "cattell," "hoggs, "sheap," and "bosses" were allowed to run at large in the fields and roads, and then the cattle were usually marked in some way, generally by a slit in one or both of the cars, and the marks were recorded upon the records of the town, and a bell was also attached to their necks. The hogs were either " yoaked" or had " wrings" in their noses to prevent their doing damage, aud the

As the country became settled, people began to fence their lots and farms, and swine were placed in small pens, the sheep placed in fold.s, and the cattle inclosed in lots used as pasture.

Lock-up. - The next thing in order should be the lock-up. Provision having been made for penning cattle and other animals, there was also a need of some place in which persons committing ciiinus, and who could not take cave of themselves, could be placed fur safe-keeping, or be kept until they could have a trial.

The number of such persons was very few previous to about 1852, when the town voted to provide a place for the safe-keeping of criminals. The first place provided was the building that had previously been used as a hearse-house, which was fitted for that purpose, and used till 1857, when the town voted to dispose of the lock-up, and provide a suitable place for the safe-keeping of criminals upon the town farm.

Again, Nov. 30, 1857, the town " voted to ciioose a committee of three to build a lock-up for the detention of criminals, and that said committee be and are hereby authorized to purchase or lease a lot of land within the limits of the Watch District." George B. Dunbar, Elijah H. Joslyu, and Lyman Clark were the committee, who proceeded to erect the same upon a lot of land purchased of \V. Holliston Whitman, a short distance south of Crescent Street. The building is built of brick, with cells fitted with iron bedsteads, bars, and bolts, in a durable form. The building was inclosed by a board fence several feet high. There is now a regularly organized police established in the city, and a lock-up was made connected with the police-station.

Poor. - Until within a few years it was the custom of the different towns of Massachusetts to " vendue the poor ;" that is, to sell the support of the poor to the one who would do it the cheapest. The last vote we find on record in relation to selling the poor in the town of Brockton was April 1, 1822, as follows: " Voted that all paupers who cannot by themselves or friends procure a home, to be put out at public auction or private sale, for one year from the 15th iust., the remainder to be provided for by the selectmen."

In ISUO the propriety of building a house for the use of the town, and to provide a place for the poor, was brought to the attention of the citizens in town-meeting, and a committee appointed to examine and report concerning the expediency of purchasing a poor-house. Mark Perkins, Caleb Howard, Esq., Eliphalet Kingman, Jonathan Gary, and Bela Keith, Esq., were the committee, who reported that the subject of purchasing a town farm was worthy the attention of the town. Accordingly, April 4, 1831, Benjamin Kingman, Micah Packard, and Abel Kingman were appointed a committee with full power to purchase a house and land fur the use of the town's poor. April 25, 1831, a farm was purchased of Benjamin King, Esq., in the easterly part of the town, consisting of ninety-four and threequarters acres of land and buildings thereon, formerly known as the Deacon Jacob Fuller farm, fur the sum of two thousand six hundred and tweuty-Qve dollars. A superintendent was appointed yearly to manage the farm and take proper care of the poor. Deacou Jacob Fuller was the first person placed iu charge. Thcron Ames, Josiah Dunbar, Westou Simmons, Colwell Jones, and the present superintendent, Howard, have had the management since the first. A board of faithful and trusty overseers of the poor are annually elected by the town, who have the general oversight of the poor and provide for their wants, and we are satisfied that the poor of the town are well cared for. This farm, with additions made by purchase at different times, is the present City Farm, consisting now of one hundred and twenty-five acres. The old buildings having been out of repair and unfit for almshouse purposes for some time, the matter of better accommodation has been a subject of discussion for some years.

By vote of the City Council, in 1883, the joint standing Committee on Public Property and the Overseers of the Poor, acting jointly, were authorized to contract for a house and barn, and cause the same to be erected on such a location on the City I Farm as they may select. Acting under this vote, a I location was selected on the west side of Thatcher Street, and June JJth the committee advertised for bids for the erection of the buildings. Nine propo.sals were received. They were opened June 23d. John F. Beals being the lowest bidder, the contract [ was awarded to him July 6th, he contracting to build and complete (excepting heating) the buildings for I eleven thousand three hundred dollars. The contract j for heating was later awarded to R. G. Shepard, for 1 the sum of seven hundred and fifty dollars.

admirably adapted for the business, beioj; heated thioup;hout by steam, ample hospital accommodations in the upper story of the main house (a necessity which has long existed), pleasant, well-ventilated slecpinsr-rooms, complete arrangements for cooking, hot and cold water in wash-room, - in fact, every arranu'ment for the proper care and comfort of forty inmates.

The barn is well fitted, having accommodations for eighteen cattle and several horses, and ample conveniences far their care. The city is to be congratulated upon the completion of these buildings, and that the poor can be well provided for.

Warning out of Town. - The people in ancient days resorted to various means to prevent immigrants coming into town from becoming chargeable upon the public. A custom much iu use in the town of Bridgcwatcr was to notify or warn the parties moving into the town "to depart hence." We insert a copy of one handed to us as a specimen of early notions :

Town-House. - The first town-meeting in the town of North Bridgcwatcr (now Brockton) was held iu the meeting-house of the First Congregational Church, in 1821 . Since that time the meeting has been holdeu ill the various public halls in the village. Several attempts have been luade to see if the town would build a house suitable for holding town-meetings. The first move in that direction was in 18-13, as appears by vote of the town Dec. IG, 1843. At a meeting held on that day to see if the town would purcha.se the Second Congregational meeting-house, it was " voted to choose a committee of three to consider of the matter, and report at a future meeting." LJenjamin Kingman, Jesse Perkins, and Eliphalet Kingman were the committee. In 1847 the subject was brought before the town at a meeting held in ^lay, at which it was " voted to postpone building a town-house at present." Again, " Marcii 11, ISoU, Bela Keith, Esii., Jesse Perkins, Esq., Col. Edward Southworth, Caleb Copeland, Marcus Packard, Isaac Hartwell, and Capt. Henry French were chosen a committee to procure a plan of a building, and the probable cost of the same, also the subject of purchasing a lot of laud, and report at a future meeting." A report was made, and, Sept. G, 1850, the committee were instructed to purchase a lot of land of William P. Howard, which was done. The lot situated opposite II. W. Piobinson's store, corner of Main and Centre Streets, the lot on which Bryant's Block stands, and Brockton's elegant pust-ofiice, was purchased of Mr. Howard for the sum ol' tiftuoii hundred dollars. April 30, 1855, the town voted to authorize the selectmen to sell the town-house lot at public auction within thirty days. The lot was sold to Mr. David F. Studley and others fur three thousand and fifty dollars.

Telegraph. - The first electric current that passed through the town of North Bridgewater (now Brockton) on wires was in 185G. The line was run from Boston to Myrick's Station, on the line of the Fall River Railroad. The proprietors were Messrs. Brewer and Baldwin. At first the nearest olEce to this town was at Bridgewater. A short time had elapsed after ihc completion of the wires when an ell'ort was made to have an office established nearer to this town, and through the efforts of Franklin Ames, lvs.|., oiio was opened to the public May G, lS5(i. The following is the first message to the citizens of the town, and was from the editor of the Barustub/r /'iihiul, to the editor of the Nortli Bridgewuttr GitzcUc : "To Gkoiioe I'uinney:

"We con;;ratuhite you, and others of Nortli lirid^ewatei-, on tho openinj^of a teleyniph-olHce at your plaee. I am hapiiy to skaku hands with you this I'.JI. God bless and iirusper you.

" We reeeive your congratulations upon the oeca^inii of opening a tclegraph-otfiee here witli hcarti'elt pleasure. May the connection this day ert'eeted between North nriilgewater aini Capo Cod never bo severed. With the hope that the Union may be preserved, " I remain youis truly,

Telephone. - The Brockton Telepiione Company's business was started in April, 1878, by building a line from Brockton to Cumpello, one and one-half mihs distant.

Ill 1880 a company wxs organized fur the purpose of establishing a line to Boston and local extensions, with a capital of ten thousand dollars, which was afterwards iucreased to seventeen thousand dollars. Col. John J. Whipple was president ; George E. Bryant, Henry E. Lincoln, Augustus T. Jones, and D. T. Burrell, of Brockton, with C. D. Nash, of South Abington, and C. A. Stearns, of Boston, directors; Charles W. Sumner, clerk and treasurer.

Boston Herald, May 27, 1881, the eveiiiu;.^ on whicli the line was completed. Thus tlie city of Brockton is in coinujuuication with the outer world by telephone to any point within speaking distance.

Stages. - Who is there that does not recollect how the old mail-coach sounded as it rattled over tlie stone roads from Brockton to Boston, first tri-weekly, then daily, carryinjr the mails ? IIow the people gathered around the driver to catcli the latest news on the route, fur a staf^e-dviver was the greatest man of the age. Hoar the crack of his whip as lie reius the horses up to every person's door, and piles on the trunks and bandboxes. Now the iron horse takes the place of horse-flesh, and steam the place of outs and hay.

The first public stage that ran through or from Brockton was about 1820; it was a joint-stock company, of whom Siliis Packard, Esq., of Brockton, SetU Alien, of Halifax, Capt. Nathaniel H. Cross, of East Bridgewater, and Capt. Asa Pratt, of South Bridgewater, were part owners. It consisted of a twohor.se carriage that was formerly used by Governor Phillips as a private carriage. Col. Nathan Jones, of Brockton, was a driver for one year. It started from Bridgewater three time.s a week. After running about two years, the company sold their interest to Messrs. A. M. Withington and Burr, who afterwards sold to Nathaniel Blake and Wheeler. Soon after Mr. Wheeler sold his interest to Jacob Churchill, and he to Newton Hodges, who continued to conduct the line with Mr. Blake. At the time Mr. Withington bought of the company, Col. Jones left the line and started a twohorse coach from Brockton, running from that place on jMondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays, in and out from Boston the same day. While Col. Jones was running his coach, Mr. John Madden, of Randolph, put on a coach to run from that place to Boston. Sir. Madden and Col. Jones soon put their teams together and ran from Brockton for two years. At the end of that time they ran their coach to Bridgewater. ^Messrs. Hodge and Blake continued to own and run the line, carrying tiie mails from Bridgewater through Brockton, they running one day, and Mes.srs. Jones and Madden running opposite days. Mr. Blake then sold his interest to Col. Jones, and he to John Long, who continued till the opening of the railroad.

An opposition coach was started in 1837 or 1838 by Jabez Gould, and ran to Boston daily from Brockton Village till the " Stoughton Branch Railroad" was built, when he ran in connection with the cars; he ceased to run when the " Fall River Railroad" began to run their cars, in 184(5. Another line of coaches passed through the " West Shares" in the

S. D. Butler commenced running a line of coaches in connection with the Stoughton cars, from the Sali>bury House, Campello, Oct. 2, 1854, but continued fur a short time only. May 13, 1857, A. S. Porter commenced a lino to Boston three times a week, and in the middle of next month commenced to run a daily line. I. Tisdale, of Stoughton, and Juliii (J. Hudson, of East Bridgewater, ran a coach from Stoughton to Plymouth for a year or more about twelve years since. There was also a line of stag.s connecting at Bridgewater with a coach for New Bedford, owned by Pelatiah Gould, that passed through the town to Boston tri-weekly about the same time.

Post-Offices. - The first po.st-office established in Brockton was in 181G. The following are the names of the postmasters from 1816 to the present time :

Joseph M. Hollywood is the present postmaster. A post-office was established in the west part of the town in 1828, called Northwest Bridgewater, now " Brockton Heights," with the following appointments :

Previous to the establishment of a post-office in the North Parish and the running of a niail-cuacli, the letters and what few newspapers people had in those days were brought to town by post-riders,' market-wagons, and other private conveyances fruin Boston. At the time of the incorporation of the town of North Bridgewater (now Brockton), in 1S21, a regular established line of mail communication having been provided by the government, there was one mail per day from the city, and since the mail has been carried by railroad there are six mails each way daily.

Previous to 1850 the people of Campello had for some time hired the mail for that village brought down to them by a special messenger, for distribution at the store; but finding the business increasing to such an extensive amount daily, a few public-spirited individuals of that place petitioned for the establishment of a separate post-office. This was granted to

Albert Keith has held that office for several years, and is the present incumbent. The post-office at Brockton is one of the best-arranged offices in the country, having the must approved boxes, and in a tine brick block owned by George E. Bryant, Esq.

Public Buildings, Blocks, Halls, Etc Chaptek Xxiii

Masonic. - Paul Revere Lodge op Iuiee .a.nii Accepted Masons. - This lodge was in.-,ticuteJ Feb. 5, 1856, and is in a flouvisliiiig cotiditiuii, with a prospect of exteuded usefulness under iis exeellent officers. The original petitioners were Lueien 1>. Keith, George Clark, Lorenzo D. Ilervey, Koheit Smith, Alexander Hichboru, Jonas 11. Perkins, Esq., Augustus Mitchell, David Cobb, Thomas May, Samuel Howard, and Hiram Packard.

The following were the officers at the foruiatiou of society: Lueien B. Keith, W. M. ; George Clark, S. W. ; Lorenzo D. Hers'ey, J. AV. ; Augustus Mitchell, S. J). ; Alexander Hichborn, J. I). ; Robert Smith, Treas. ; Jonas R. Perkins, Sec. ; Iliram Packard, S. S. ; Thomas Mayhew, Tyler.

Satucket Royal Arch Ciiaptku. - The following persons petitioned for a chapter of Royal Arch Masons, which was granted Dec. 7, IbGi) : Charles C. Bixby, Baalis Sanlbrd, Jr., Francis M. French, Enos H. Reynolds, Loring W. Puffer, Francis B. Washburn, Davis S. Packard, Francis A. Thayer, Samuel B. Hinckley, L. Bradford Howard, Alfred Laws, Rufus E. Brett, Allen Crocker, Jonas R. Perkins, Peter F. Hollywood, Francis ^L Sylve.--ter, E. I. Packard, W. S. Gurney, James H. Cooper, lleury A. Brett, Edgar E. Dean, E. Wilson Morse, William W. Cross, Benjamin R. Clapp, J. D. Mitchell.

The following is a list of the first officers : Baali.s Sanford, Jr., H. P. ; Charles C. Bixby, K. ; Francis M. French, S.; Alfred Laws, C. of H.; Enos H. Reynolds, P. S. ; E. Austin Packard, R. A. C. ; James H. Cooper, M. 3d V. ; Davis S. Packard, M. 2d v.; Charles A. P. Mason, JL 1st V. ; Francis A. Thayer, Treas. ; Jonas R. Perkins, Sec. ; George G. Withington, Chap. ; John Underhay, S. S. ; Veranus FilooD, J. S. ; Hiram D. Keudrick, Tyler.

Bay State Commandf.ryof Knights Te.mplak. - A special assembly of the Grand Coiumandery of JIassachusetts and Rhode Island was called to meet at Brockton, Mass., June 24, IbT-i, for the purpose of constitutiug the " Buy State Conimaudery." The day Was all that could be desired, a gala day for Brockton ; bright uniforms and beautiful banners made a grand display, which, together with fine music, the .scene was not soon forgotten. The assembly met in Music Hall, where were the ceremonies. A banquet was served in Murray Hall, which was in the style for which the citizens of Brockton are famous. This was the first public iutroduction of Knights Templar Masonry into the town.

Veranus Filoon, T. I. M. ; A. Cranston Thunipsoii, Dep. ; Edward S. Powers, P. C. W. ; Davis S. Packard, Treas. ; Baalis Sanford, Rec. ; Charles C. IJi.xhy, C. of G. ; Edward Parker, Jr., Con. ; Rev. Samuel Hodgkiss, Chap. ; Enos H. Reynolds, M. ; James Edgar, St. ; Stephen W. Leighton, Sent. Meet un the third Friday of each mouth, in " Masonic Hall," City Block, Main Street.

Number of members in 1884, sixty-two. Massasoit Lodge of I. 0. of 0. F., No. 69. - This lodge was instituted in June, 184U. Among the members of the society were the following persons, who held some office at its beginning: Robert Smith, Waldo Bradford, James F. Packard, Cephas W. Drake, Ellis Packard, Samuel Webster, Luntnzo D. Hervey, Lorenzo Dillingham, T. S. MiiL-liell, and Aaron B. Drake.

In 187G, Ellis Packard, Noah Chesman, Lorenzo D. Hervey, Horatio E. Paine, Rufus E. Brett, Oakes S. Soule, and George R. Whitney petitioned for a new charter, which was granted, and they were reinstitutcd by Rev. A. St. John Chambre, deputy, Feb. 10, 1S71. The following were the first officers of the lodge : Noah Chesman, N. G. ; Lorenzo D. Hervey, V. G. ; Rufus E. Brett, Sec. ; Oakes S. Soule, Treas.

Membership, two hundred and twenty-five. Meetings every Thursday, in Odd-Fellows' Ilall, Howard Block, Main Street. Nemasket Encampment, I. 0. of 0. F., No. 44. -

Beatrice Lodge, No. 28, Daughters of Rebeccah.. - This lodge was instituted on Tuesday, Feb. 15, 1S7G. Officers of the Grand Lodge officiating.

This organization is established " for the encouragement and support of brothers in sickness, out of employment, or on travel, to the amount of two thousand dollars. For the practice of charity, the inspiration of hope, and the protection ol' all good." Constituted by the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, Caleb H. Sprague, 6. JNL W. ; Hugh Doherty, G. R. ; July 8, 1881.

Junior Order United American Mechanics. - Satucket Council, No. 0. This council was instituted at James' Hall, by officers of the State Council, Tuesday, Feb. 1, 1881. There were about thirty members present, and others proposed to join. The following is the list of officers :

United Order of the Golden Cross. - G.vit field COMMANDEUY, No. 158. This eommandery was instituted by J. H. Morgan, Deputy Grand Commander of Massachusetts, on Wednesday, Sept. 21, 18S1. The objects of this order are to unite fraternally all acceptable persons for social pleasure and improvement; to give moral and material aid, by encouragement in business and aid when in distress, and provide a fund for the family of a deceased member. The following were the officers for 1881 : N. C, N. S.

The officers of tliis association are as follows: Joiliua yi. Jeuney, President ; Rufus E. Packard, Vice-Pre^iderlt ; George C. Holmes, Secretary ; Elmer

Knights of the Maccabees. - This order was first introduced into Canada, where it was instituted and organized Aug. 7, 1878, tiie object of which is " Brotheriiood, and to make provision for deceased members. " A " Tent" iu Brockton was orgauized May -IJ, 1879, with the following officers :

United Fellowship. - Star Council, No. 10, organized Sept. IS, 1882. William F. Jones, P. D. ; Dr. E. Arthur Dakin, D. ; Dr. William P. Chisholm, V. D. ; Charles W. Kingman, C. ; Charles D. Fullerton, Sec. ; William S. Noyes, Treas. ; Mary Smith, I. ; E. Bradford Jones, G. ; Eunice Blanchard, W. ; 0. S. Sweetser, Minerva Chisholm, Mary C. Puffer, Trustees; C. S. Simpson, Hattie S. Faxou, Emma Blanchard, Jessie Crooker, Fannie D. Leonard, Mary L. Packard, W. F. Jones, Social Committee ; E. E. Kent, 0. S. Sweetser, N. Hayward, Committee on Hall ; Dr. E. Arthur Dakin, and Dr. William P. Chisholm, Medical Examiners. The object of this society was social and mutual aid, and had but a short existence.

Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Massachusetts. - Fletcher Webster Post, No. 13. This post was named in honor of the colonel of the Twelfth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers, in which there were a large number from Brockton in the army.

It was organized July 1, 1867, with the following charter members : Uriah Macoy, James A. Packard, Amasa S. Glover, Ephraim Tinkham^ E. Z. Stevens, Howard Keith, Charles L. Sproul, Asa F. Cro.sby, George W. Andrews, Thomas Doyle, Herbert Phillips, Clarence E. Hartwell, L. B. Andrews, William F. Robinson, J. T. Lurvey.

The post have assisted at the followiug ceremonies and celebrations : Dedication of soldiei-s' luonumcnt at Boston, Sept. 17, 1877 ; dedication of soldiers' monument at West Bridj;evfater, July 4, 1879 ; dedication of soldiers' monument at Ea-ston, May 30, 1882; Webster centennial at Marshfield, Oct. 12, 1882.

Memouial To The Patriotic Dead, With Their Resting-Places

The above-named persons, together with thirty-one others, were mustered iutu the order of Sons of Veterans Feb. 19, 1883. Voted to surrender charter and apply for admission to the " Sous of Veterans of the United States of America," May IG, 18S-1. Constituted a camp of the " Sons of Veterans," to be known as Gen. James A. Garfield Camp, No. 17, located at Brockton.

Woman's State Eelief Corps, Department of Massacliusetts, auxiliary to the Grand Army of tlie Republic: S. Agnes Parker, A. H. Dickerman, M. Ada Pratt, Ellen F. Holmes, Margaret Hanson, Susie Trask, Bessie F. Hunt, M. Eates, Ellen Parks, Elizabeth Tribou, Augusta Hunt, Hattie A. Purter, Flora B. Palmer, Sarah E. Osborne, Minnie F. Estes, Susan E. Hall, Amy E. Hall, Mary F. Southwick, Eliza M. Holloway, Eva T. Porcheron, H. A. Grunt, Hattie A. French, Phebe M. Gibbs, Sarah B. Kidder, Olive M. Henderson, Mary E. Davenport, M. T. Hollis.

Brockton Soldiers' Aid Society. - Agreeably to « notice previously given, the ladies of Brockton, feeling a deep interest in the welfare of those who had gone forth to fight the battles of our country, met at the chapel of the First Congregational Church, and organized themselves into a society under the name of Soldiers' Aid Society, and made choice of the following officers : Mrs. George Wilbour, president; Mrs. H. W. Robinson, vice-president; Mrs. Clara C. Wheldon, secretary and treasurer; Mrs.

The society held its meetings every Tuesday, in the Engine Hall, on Elm Street, for the traosactiun of business. The object of the society was the collection of clothing and packages, such as are needed by the suldiers, and forwarding tliem to their proper places. Mucli good was accomplished by them. During the first year of this society's existence, the amount contributed in cash by the diScrent societies was $278.43, the amount of clothing and other goods sent to the Sanitary Comrais-sion at Boston amounted to $800, making a total of $1078.43. Daring the year ending October, 18G3, the amount of goods, clothing, supplies, etc., sent to the Sanitary Commission at Boston was $827.45, the amount of cash contributed was $176.05, making a total of S1003.50. During the year ending October, 1864, the amount sent to the Sanitary Commission at Bos- ton was $1327.11. The amount of cash contributed in various ways, including the proceeds of the Sanitary Fair for Soldiers of $800, was $1034, making a total of $2361.11; the handsome sum of S4443.04 being contributed for the benefit and relief of the soldiers up to October, 1864.

Freedmen's Eelief Association of Brockton. - July 8, 1864, an association was formed under the above name as an auxiliary to the National Freedmen's Relief Association of New York City, having for its object the improvement of the freedmen of the colored race, by raising money, clothing, and necessary material for their relief, and teaching them civilization and Christianity, to imbue their minds with correct ideas of order, industry, economy, self-reliance, and to elevate them in the scale of humanity by inspiring them with sel -respect. The following was a list of the officers : Augustus T. Jones, president ; A. B. Keith, vice-president; Mrs. E. L. Clark, secretary; Frances French, treasurer ; J. R. Perkins, George Copeland, Capt. Henry French, Thaddeus E. GifFord, A. T. Jones, and A. B. Keith, executive committee.

Franklin Debating Association. - A society was organized during the winter of 1836, with the above name, for the promotion of useful knowledge and debating. The last question for discussion was, " Are dancing-schools, balls, cotillion parties, etc., worthy the support and encouragement of the community?" The decision has not as yet come to the writer's notice.

Pi Beta Society. - This society was established Sept. 17, 1844, and was in active operation about eight years. Its object was the mental improvement of its members, for the accomplishment of which, beside the literary exercises of its regular meetings, it had a reading-room, and a cabinet of natural history of nearly two thousand specimens, and a library of two liundred volumes, most of which were presented the first six months of its existence. The society held weekly meetings, and had addresses from distinguished speakers from time to time. During the active term this society was in existence it had gathered one thousand volumes and ten thousand specimens of cabinet curiosities of various kinds.

The officers of the institution, in 1851, were Charles R. Ford, president; Jacob Emerson, Jr., of Methuen, recording secretary ; John H. Bourne, of Marshfield, corresponding secretary ; Caleb Howard, trciisurer ; Silas L. Loomis, librarian ; L. F. C. Loomis, superintendent of cabinet ; Jacob Emerson, Charles R.

Philomathian Association. - Tlie above is the Daiue of an assoeiatiun connected with Mr. S. D. Hunt's academy, the object of wiiieh was luutual improvement. It was formed in 1855, soon after he opened his school, and was in existence till the close. Weekly meetings were held by the members, at which exercises, consisting of debates, declamations, lectures, essays, critif|Ues, and the reading of a paper published moulhly by the association, was read.

Alpha Epsilon Literary Society. - Organized April 14, 1874. This society is composed of graduates of the high school of Brockton, associated for literary exercises and as a debating club. The first five members at its organization were Frank E. Packard, Frederic K. French, Benjamin W. Cobb, Arthur E. Kendrick, and Loyed E. Chamberlain. The meetings of this society are held in the high-schuol room, on Tuesday evenings, and are well attended. Here follows a list of the earlier members : Frank K. Packard (1S74), B. W. Cobb (1875, deceased), Fred. R. French (1874), A. E. Kendrick (1875), L. E. Chamberlain (1875), James Poyntz (1875), W. C. Keith (1875), Edgar B. Stevens (1875), E. Ivingman, Jr., H. G. Severance (1876), J. E. C. Lagergreen (187G), S. E. Foss (1875), John Gilmore, Jr. (187G), George Woodward, E. L. Emerson (1877), Charles F. Jenney (187S), J. Robert McCarty (1877), C. H. Kingman (1877), W. S. Bennett (1878), Edward T. Ford (1878), Horace Richmond, II. N. Packard, E. H. Foss, H. 1. Mitchell, A. C. Gill, Willie E. Porter, George H. Bryant, W. J. Keith (1878), Fred. K. Tribou, R. E. Braytou, W. F. Brooks.

Brockton Athenaeum (organized 1884). - This society meets twice every month for literary improvement and progress of the arts, sciences, and promotion of thinking, and the consideration of current (juestions of the day.

Libraries. - The first public or social library in Brockton was raised by subscription about 1781, and was kept for most of the time in private huu.its. The last librarian was Col. Edward Soutliwoith, and the library was given up.

In 1842 the Legislature appropriated lifteeii dollars for the use of every school district in the cummouwealth that should raise an equal amount fur the purchase of a school district library. With this encouragement many of the districts raised the requisite amount and purchased libraries. They are now, however, nearly laid by.

At a regular town-meeting, held March ol), 1857, the town " voted to purchase a town library, the amount not to exceed S14U0, or one dollar on every poll paid in the town." For this purpose the following committee were chosen, namely, Edward Southworth, Jr., C. C. Bixby, Dr. Alexander Ilichborn, David L. Cowell, Ellis Packard, Jdnas R. Perkins, Lucius Gurney (2d), Jonathan White, and M. L. Keith, who proceeded in the selection and j)urchase of such books as were thought suitable to the wants of the community. The library was well selected, and consisted of many of the best works extant. Many persons, not wishing that the town should have any library, raised an oppositicjn to the plan, and as the result the town "voted. May 1, 1857, that all books, effects, and appurtenances uf the Town Library be placed in the hands of the selectnicn, to be disposed of in the best manner tnr the iiitere.-.t of the town." And in accordance with these instructions the selectmen sold the library of books, that cost eleven hundred and eighty-three dollars, to au a.-<socialion called the North Biidgewater Library Association. The price for the entire lot was six hundred dollars.

North Bridgewater Library Association. - This association was formed by a few individuals lor the purpose of holding a library. It was organized under a statute made for such purposes July 11, 1858. Each member paying five dollars becomes a stockholder, and an additional one dollar annually entitles him to all the rights and privileges of a member of the association. It has over two tliousand volumes, and is in a flourishing condition. The officers at the organization of the association were David L. Cowell, president; Rufus L. Thatcher, vice-president; Augustus Hayward, secretary ; David F. Studley, treasurer ; Henry A. Ford, John L. Hunt, Alpheus Holmes, Charles B. Crocker, Darius Howard, Edward

Library Association. - Prior to the year 1847 the town of North Brid^ewatcr Iiad oot enjoyed tiie privilege of many literary or seientitic lecture.s or social gatherings. During the winter of that year the principals of tlie Adelphian Academy, feeling an interest in the matter, and the want of some elevated and improving intercourse for the multitude of young people ill the town, proposed and finally arranged a series uC social levees or gatherings, composed mostly of members of the school. The exercises consisted of brief essays and addresse.s, interspersed with music and a season of social conversation.

This association was reorganized in October, 1851. or a new one formed under tlie above name; and a series of useful lectures was given by able lecturers, together with excellent musical entertainments.

North Bridgewater Agricultural Library Association. - An association under the above name was formed April 3, 1859, the object of which was to obtain a library of agricultural books, papers, etc., such as Would tend to the improvement of agricultural pursuits. The following persons were its oflScers : Chandler Sprague, Esq., president ; Isaac Kingman, vice-president; Alpheus Holmes, treasurer and librarian ; II. \V. Robinson, secretary.

Brockton Public Library. - The city has a good public library in Saiucket Block, corner of Maiu and Elm Streets, containing upwards of eight thousand volumes. The committee of the library are Warren L. Copeland, David L. Cowell, Loriog W. Puffer, DeWitt Clinton Packard, Preston B. Keith, Jonathan Wliite, Edward Parker, Jr., Alfred Laws, W. W. Wilkins. Myra F. Southworth, librarian ; Lizzie H. Williams, assistant librarian.

Sabbath-Schools. - The first Sabbath-school in Brockton commenced in May, 1818, througli the efforts of Mrs. Huntington, the wife of the pastor. The school consisted of one hundred and seven girls and seventy-eight boys. These were divided into classes of from four to eight petsons, according to their ages, the males under the care of teachers of their own sex, and the females under the care of teachers of their sex, the whole number under the direction of the superintendent. The time allotted for the school was during the intermission between the morning and afternoon services on the Sabbath, and was usually one hour long.

The books in use during the early part of its existence were the New Testament, Emerson's " Evangelical Primer," and " Hymns for Infant Minds." Most of the scholars, during the first term, were well versed in the primer, and in addition to that, for the first sixteen Sabbaths, they had committed thirty-two thousand six hundred and seventy-four verses of Scripture, and twenty-seven thousand three hundred verses of hymns, which were recited.

The first term of the Sabbath-school closed with public religious exercises on the day of the annual meeting of the Bridgewater Evangelical Society. The sacred music on the occasion was performed principally by the scholars.

There are at the present time schools connected with all the churches in the town, together with extensive libraries of well-selected books.

Music. - According to a universal custom in early times there was nothing but congregatinnal singing. Tunes were few, and for want of books the exercises were read a line at a time and then all would join in singing ; then the good deacon would read another line, and thus the service was " deaconed" through the whole of the verses.

The first music-book in the country was brought by the Pilgrims, and entitled " Ainsworth Versiun of the Psalms." This gave way to the " Bay P.<alm Book," the first book printed in America, which went through seventy editions, and in 1758 was revised and republished by Rev. Thomas Prince, of Boston.'

Previous to 1765 or 1770 there were no choirs in the churches, and as these were formed the custom of lining or "deaconing" the hymns grew into disuse, but not till after a great deal of determined opposition. The custom had been introduced by the Westminster Assembly of Divines, and hence could not easily be ! surrendered.

The first choir in now Brockton was established about 1801 under the leadership of Maj. Daniel Cary, a noted singer of that day. Previous to that time there were no seats specially provided for singers. Those persons who had thought of forming a choir in 1801 asked that seats might be provided for them.

" To see if the parish will erect, or suffer to be erected, seats for the singers, in the front of pews in the front gallery." Jan. 19, 1801, " Voted to erect seats in the front gallery for the singers, in front of the front pews." Also, " Voted that the above seats for the singers be erected in a ' surkerler furiue' "

I In 1690 there were but six tunes known in the pruvince, namely, "Oxford," " LitchQold," "York," "Windsor," "St. David's," and " Martyrs," and no new tunes could be introduced without a vote of the churoh. The flrat tuiie-book especially devoted to music was published by Rev. NVitliam Walter in 1721, and ^aa the first music with bars printed iu Auierico,

Maj. Daniel Gary, Moses Gary, and Col. Caleb Howard were " chcseo a cotuuiittee to git the above Seats built." The above seats vfere specially set apart for the use of those who had become " lamed" in the rules of " lausick."

Oliver Bryant, Josiah Brett, Isaac Packard, John Field, John Cobb, and Luke Lincoln were " choristers" in the parish until the town was incorporated. Since tliat time, Thomas J. Gurney, iheo livin<; in Abington, was invited to lead the ciioir and teach them to sinu, in 1829, who was the first person that received any compensation for services in singing. Commencing in 1829, Mr. Gurney continued to lead the choir and teach singing-schools until 1840, when he removed to Abington. From that time the choir of the First Church has been led by Mr. Seth Sumner, who became celebrated for his success in teaching singing-schools in the immediate vicinity, and Messrs. Isaac T. Packard, of this town, Whiting, Brown, and Appleton, of Boston, and Edmund Packard.

When the Porter Church Wiis formed in the town, in 1850, Mr. Gurney was invited to take charge of their choir, which he continued to do till April 1, 1864, when he resigned. Mr. T. Emerson Gurney Was organist at the Porter Church from 1850 to 1855 ; Mr. Jo.shua V. Gurney from 1855 to 1858.

The First Congregational Church had the first organ, in tiicir old church, which was exchanged for a new one in 1854, for their new house. At one time there were four organs in the churches: namely, in the First Congregational Church, Porter Evangelical Church, Second Methodist, and the Catholic Church.

There was a musical society formed in the county of Plymouth, called the Old Colony Musical Society, which was for the benefit of singers throughout the county. Bartholomew Brown, Esq., was leader ; Rev. Daniel Huntington was president. This society fell through for want of support. Mr. Huntington was a man of fine musical talent, and did much to elevate the standard of church music in the first part of his ministry, when so little attention had been paid to rulable music.

The next musical club formed for the purpose of improving the singing was the Calcolt Singing Society, which was about 1827 or 1828, and included the four Bridgewaters. Rev. Daniel Huntington was their first president; Nathan Lazell, of Bridgewater, was leader.

Next in order was the Union Harmonic Society; that was in existence about 1835. From that time to the present it would be impossible to give a full detail of the various singing-schools, rehearsals, clubs, etc. But probably no town in the county has given more attention to music, or been more successful in the production of talented singers and highly entertaining performances than Brockton. The church music of this city is of the highest order, and much time is devoted to the improvement of the singin.; throughout all the societies.

This town has sent forth some cxclUcqc teachers of music and performers of instrumental mu^ic, ainonu whom are Thomas J. Gurney, T. Emerson Gurney. George T. Atherton, and William Faxon, whu have made music a profession.

Band Music. - About the year 1340, a few individuals met together for the purpose of diiU and practice in music upon various brass instruments, drums, etc., under the lead of Samuel JI. Holmes, under the name of the North Bridgewater Brass Baud. They met every week or ofceuer lor practice, and were very successful, so that after a time they were engaged in all the surrounding places to play upon public occasions, and their fame soon sprcarl abroad, and it is at present one of the bu.<t Lauds of the kind in that section. A large delegation of thi-s band joined the Twelfth Massachusetts Regiment iu the Rebellion of 1861.

Soon after this baud was formed, another was organized at Gampello, under the lead of Martin L. Keith. The following persons were among the members of that band, namely : Charles P. Kuiih, Theodore Lilley, Sylvanus Keith, Albert Keith, Bela B. Hayward, Jarvis W. Reynolds, James C. Siiell, Thomas French, Lucius Hayward, and Harrison Bryant. This company continued only about six months, when some of the number joiued the Centre Baud.

About the same period there was another band at the " West Shares," under the leadership of Ellis Packard, which continued about a year, and was then given up, some of its members joining the Centre Band.

The members of this band that joiued the Twelfth Massachusetts Regiment received the highest praise from Gen. Sherman, and it is said that; this was his favorite band, and was conducted under the leadership of William J. Martlaud.

Campello Brass Band. - The Campellu Brass Baud was organized Aug. 7, 1877, with the following seventeen members : Fred. H. Packard, D. Carey Keith, Myron L. Keith, 0. Hayward, H. A. Monk, John Monk, Frank Monk, C. E. Packard, D. C. Berry, J. B. Pratt, Frank Alden, A. J. Guild, II. N. Hunt, Frank Brown, Myron Thomas, Lyman Carlson, T. H. Loring. Mr. S. C. Perkins, of Brockton, was engaged as leader and teacher, and for about two mouths regular meetings were held. The majority of the players were young and inexperienced, several of tbem knowing nothing of reading music, and meeting with unforeseen difficulties, the interest died out, and from Nov. S, 1877, to May 17, 1878, no general gathering of members took place. About the latter date, however, Mr. George E. Kinsley was employed to direct them, and a good number of the original company, with others who were unwilling to see the experiment end in failure, commenced a second series of iueetini;s for practice, which bus been continued with pleasant results. The membership comprises the following players: William Swanson, 1st E-flat cornet ; Otho Hayward, 2d E-flat cornet ; Arthur Peckham, 1st 6-flat cornet; Lyman Carlson, 2d B-flat cornet; Frank Alden, 1st B-flat clarionet; M. L. Keith, solo alto ; John Monk, 1st alto ; Wendell White, 2d alto; Daniel Berry, 1st tenor; Aug. Hellburg. 2d tenor ; Andrew Guild, baritone ; Frank Brown, trombone; Charles Martin, tuba; Corydon Andrews, Jl-flat bass ; Frank Monk, E-flat bass; Melvin Washburn, bass-drum; Norman Cobb, snare-drum; William Joyce, cymbals.

Thespian Society. - In February, 1836, a company of gentlemen and ladies were organized into a society, under the above name, for the purpose of giving dramatic performances. The orchestra consisted of fifteen members, and was under the leader- .ship of Sihon Packard. The songs, duets, and choruses were of a high order, and were performed before crowded as-semblies. A slight fee was asked, to pay expenses of scenery, and expenses only.

Union Musical Association. - About the Lst of May, 1S64, a new musical association was formed, under the above title, for the purpose of improvement in singing, practicing choruses, oratorios, etc. It was regularly organized, with a constitution and by-laws. The following were the officers: Henry W. Robinson, president; Ch;irles R. Ford, vice-president; F. A. Thayer, secretary ; Sumner A. Hayward, treasurer ; James Porter, librarian ; Charles J. F. Packard, William II. Faxon, Samuel McLauthlin, Thomas Leonard, S. Franklin Packard, D. B. Lovell, trustees; William H. Faxon, musical director.

Union Musical Society, organized April 6, 1869. Sumner A. Hayward, president ; Ziba C. Keith, vicepresident ; Charles J. F. Packard, treasurer and librarian ; Hiram Wilde, of Boston, musical director. Consisted of about two hundred members. Met Friday evenings in the vestry of the First Church.

This Union was organized by Rev. C. M. Winchester, Oct. 9, 1875, who was, by its constitution, umde its perpetual president, and who, until February, 1877, managed its affairs. On the 17th of that month Rev. S. L. Beal was chosen president; Rev. C. M. Winchester, vice-president; R. F. Eaton, Miss Eva M. B.ites, Herbert L. Willis, secretaries; Thomas Keith, organist. Music, readings, speeches, temperance discussions, and kindred exercises formed the basis of the meetings, which attracted a large number of young people, and the signatures to the pledge amounted to three hundred and fourteen, and a membership of two hundred and fifty- five was secured under and during Mr. Winchester's management.

On the 3d of February, 1877, Mr. Winchester, being about to leave town, resigned, and on the 17th of the same month a committee consisting of Lewis Ford, Mrs. W. W. Packard, Mrs. L. B. Willis, and C. F. Woodbury, were elected, Feb. 10, 1877, to ravise the constitution. On the 17th a new constitution was adopted, among which are the following articles :

" Ut. The object of the Union shall be the rcforiuuliun of any und all persons who sell or ase into.xicating drinks, and to bclp uauh other to watch and guard against the encroach uients of a couuuon foe. We will diligently labor, using mch lawful Diean:i and measures as may seem to us must eri'cctive in creating a healthful public sentiment which shall rout this inun^iler cneuiy, Intemperance, from our firesides and social circles, the Church and the State. And while we deem it important to guard against any partisan or sectarian feeling or discussion in our deliberations, we believe it the right and privilege of any one to proclaim against any and everything standing in the way uf theonward march of tbecause we have espoused. And we invoke the help of Almighty Qod that wu may be euabled to attack the enemy whenever or wherever we may find him, without fear or couipromise.

'* 2d. Any person may become a member of the Uuion by assenting to the constitution, taking the pledge, and paying the sum of twenty-five cents, each member contributing to the fuudsof the Union from week to week, as his or her means will allow.

"3d. Pledge: I solemnly promise, with the help of the Lord Jesus Christ, that I will not make, buy, sell, or use any spirituous or malt liquors, wine, or cider as a beverage. And 1 will use my best endeavors to induce all others to I'orm and keej) tho same good resolution."

For some reason the Union met at Concert Hall, Nov. 30, 1879, when the Union was dissolved, as appears by the following resolution, which was adopted :

" JieiolveJ, Thiit In view of the present condition of the Teuipcrancu cuuse in our uiiUsC, and in view uf the iuit)Ort:ince of conccntnited ciVort, wc, as :l douiety, disbaud, Iiojjini^ by oneness of action in tlie general movement already inuugurotud in Brockton to cfl'ect tlio more speedy triumph of our cause."

Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Brockton. - This association was organized Feb. 28, 1878. Tiie first meeting was held in the Methodist Church. Tlie following were the officers : Mrs. E. Bailey, president ; Mrs. A. Gurney, secretary ; Mrs. Aldeii Gushee, Mrs. E. Bailey, Mrs. H. Mcrritt, Mrs. E. Holmes, vice-presidents.

'- The cliief object of this union shall be to inaugurate effective measures whereby the traffic in intoxicants shall be banished from among us."

St. Patrick's Total Abstinence Society. - This is the title of a new organization formed in the interests of the temperance cause. The principal and leading spirit in this movement was Rev. Patrick II. Clark, an assistant curate (now in the West) in St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church, of which the Ilev. Thomas B. McNulty was the pastor, now a resident in the West. His earnest efforts in this direction, and in promoting the welfare of the young people of Brockton, are well remembered by all those with whom he became acquaiuted. The officers were Rev. Patrick H. Clark, president ; Daniel Conclly, vicepresident ; John J. Morton, recording secretary ; Matthew Morris, financial secretary ; Patrick Kent, treasurer ; Arthur Diamond, Charles L. McCann, Patrick Gilmore, Joseph Murphy, T. J. Smith, directors.

St. Patrick's Total Abstinence Cadets is a collection of two hundred or more boys under fifteen years of age who signed the pledge to abstain from all intoxicating liquors until they arrive to the age of twenty-one years. They were organized on Sunday, May 15, 1881, by Father Doherty.

Good Samaritan Society. - This was au organization established October, 187G, in the interest of general reform work, particularly temperance, lectures, and entertainments, literary and musical ; a readingroom was established, and regular club meetings were held in the reading-room on Wednesday evenings. The different religious societies have kindly co-operated in their efforts at reform work of every kind with this society. The society had the names of over six hundred on their pledge, very few of which have ever been violated.

A similar organization was establi.->hod at Campello, doing the same kind of work, having the same object in view, viz., that of general reform work, in which political or sectarian discussion is prohibited by their constitution.

The Swedish Benevolent Society of Brockton, organized Jan. 3, 1882. - The aim and object of this society is to promote friendship and true patriotic love between all of Scandinavian birtli or natioiialir.y, to encourage virtue and honesty, to promote honor for ourselves and our native and adopted countries, to advise and assist each other in need and sickness, according to circumstances governed by a code of bylaws adopted by this .society Jan. 11, 1882.

The following are the officers of the society, elected March 29, 1882 : Frank II. Lawson, preHdeiit ; Sophia Johnson, Andrew Benson, vice-pre>ideiits ; G. H. Olstrom, secretary; Charles Ilellberg, assistant secretary; A. J. Rydi[vist, treasurer; Iliig<i Slettengreen, Gus. A. Hellberg, Sigrid Weiin.^trdni, reception committee; Martin Lul'striiin, mu->ieal director. Meet in Clark's block the second and fourth Wednesdays of each month, at eight o'clock P.m.

M. C. 0. F. (St. TiiOM.A.s Court, No. 2'Jl organized and constituted on Thursday evening, Feb. 17, 1881, in Hibernian Hall, by the Worthy High Chief Ranger Sullivan, of Boston, with the following officers: Patrick Gilmore, C. R. ; Daniel Connolly, V. C. R. ; James P. Conley, R. Sec; Philip Mc- Donald, F. Sec. ; Patrick McCarthy. Trea.-^. ; Thouias

The Miissachusetts Court, Order of Foresters, above [ named, is similar in its objects to the Knights of Honor, one thousand dollars being secured to the heirs of the j deceased member or whoever is designated. There wore about thirty members belonging to this organization, who met in Hibernian Hall twice every month. Tlie name of 'St. Thomas" W;is given in lionor of Rev. Thomas B. McNulty, who has for a long time been the pastor of St. Patrick's Church.

Sanctuary Society is composed of several hundred female members, and through their personal ettorts liave collected a large library. Any person belonging to the Catholic Church can have the books on payment of one cent per day for each book taken.

Spiritualist Society. - A society under this name has been organized in 1884, having the following officers, viz. : Rev. Samuel L. Beal, Pres. ; William Osborne, Vice-Pre.s. ; James A. Kent, Sec. and Treas. ; Theodore Loring, Charles Delano, W. Dickerman, and James A. Kent, Exec. Cora. ; Mrs. M. A. Dickerman, Mrs. Rogers, and Mrs. Arabel Ames, Aud. Cora.

Society of Progressive Spiritualists. - A society with the above narae was organized on the seventh day of April, 1878, with officers as follows: H. F. Bird, Pres. ; Dr. F. Webster, Vice-Pres. ; E. G. Sparrow, Sec. ; Nelson nuckin.s, Treas. ; Nelson Huckius, Dr. F. Webster, and A. Ames, Trustees ; L. W. Hill, Collector. Meetings in Cunningham Hall.

The Woman's Mission Society is connected with the Congregational Churches of the city. President, Mrs. Albert Keith ; Vice-Presidents, Mi-s. George E. Martin, Mi-s. F. A. Wardeld, Mrs. John T. Blades; Secretary, Mi-s. George C. Cary ; Treasurer, Mi.ss Mary K. Keith ; l^Ixecutive Committee, Mrs. C. Bradford, Mrs. 0. Grossman, Mi.ss Cornelia Eddy, Mrs. S. Foss ; Collectors, Mrs. Jane P. Reed, Mrs. Minot Niles, Jlrs. Charles Curtis, Mrs. Almiron Li-acli, Miss Annie Moors, Miss Mary C. Keith.

Brockton Woman's Suffrage Association. - On Monday, Oct. 2, 1876, the friends of female suifrage met in Lower Music Hall, David L. Cowell, Esq., presiding, to listen to an address by Miss JIatilda Hindman, after which a form of constitution was presented, which set forth the objects of thi.s organization, whose principles may best be told in the two following articles :

" 1st. Believing in the natural equality of the two sexes and their consequent right to e(|ual elective and legal privileges, and in the wrong inflicted upon woraen by withholding the same, resulting in incalculable lo.ss to society, the undersigned agree to unite in an association to be called ' The Brockton Woman's Suffrage Association.'

" 2d. The object of this Association shall be to effect by moral and political eflfort, changes in public sentiment, resulting in the acknowledged right of suffrage for woraen, and placing her in all respects on an equal footing with man."

This constitution was adopted, and twenty five names placed upon the list of members. The officers elected were Mrs. Lydia B. Willis, president ; Mrs. Milley Estes, Lewis Ford, Rev. S. L. Beal, Mrs. Jason Packard, vice-presidents ; Richard Humphrey, treasurer ; Rev. C. M. Winchester, secretary. The president, treasurer, secretary, Edward E. Bennett, and Ellen Slade constitute the executive committee.