Plymouth Town (part 19 of 54)

I ducted religious services there, but there was yet no permanent ministry. The efi"orts of Rev. Nathaniel Shepherd, of Attlcboro', prepared the way for the arrival of Rev. Joseph Snow and llev. Isaac Backus, the former a New Light minister of Providence, whose father was a native of Bridgewater, and the latter a well-known Evangelistic preacher, of Connecticut. Mr. Snow and Mr. Backus were hospitably entertained at the home of Seth Ilayward, a " Chri.-.tian brother," and on the following day Mr. Backus writes : " We came down to Titicut, to Brother Samuel Alden's, where Brother Snow, who had laburcd in the place before, was welcomed with much rejoicing." Numerous services in December and January now aroused an interest in the speedy acknowledgment of a covenant, and a discourse of Jlr. Backus upcjii the building and government of the church hastened the action of those who favored the claims of the New Lights. The precinct had already taken measures for the completion of its plans. In the luunth uf March, 1747, at the home of James Keith, a grandson of Miuister Keith, it was voted " to provide material to enclose and cover the meeting-house," but the mem-

! bers of neighboring churches could obtain no letters of dismission. The mutual jealou.sy of the Old Light Church of Bridgewater and the New Light Church of Mr. Couant, at Middleboro', that their brethren uC Titicut would not be beneath tlie protect- | iug w^ud of a suitable shepherd, finally led to a reso- j lutiuii of the petitioners that they would be " restrained by such tyranny no longer," and resulted in the ori;anizatiou of a church in 1748, which soon accepted the ministrations of Rev. Isaac Backus. Sixteen persons signed the covenant, niue of whom were of the church of the South Parish. At this tiuie the little church was increa^iiug, and at the date of the ordination, April 13th, numbered thirty-four. '- Only pastors of kindred churches, with delegates of Norwiel), Canterbury, Attlcboro', and Providence, had been invited to participate in the ordination. Rev. Mr. Snow, of Providence, preached the sermon ; Deacon Israel Washburn was chosen to lay on hands ; Brother Cleveland, of Canterbury, offered the first prayer ; Brother Paine, of Canterbury, gave the charge; Brother Hyde, of Norwich, gave the right hand of fellowship ; and Deacon Washburn made the concluding prayer." A period of violent commotion among the churches of New England respecting the modes and subject of baptism was the occasion of continued discussion and distraction for several years, and the occurrence of five New Light councils from 1751 to 1753, which followed Mr. Backus' decision in favor of believer's baptism, resulted in the decline of the growth of the church, and a gradual separation of contiicting elements. Mr. Backus continued to preach as a Congregatioualist until tiie formation of a Baptist Church, January, 175t). The church called Mr. Backus, and Juue 23d witnes.sed his installation. This was the first Baptist Church organized between Boston and llehoboth, and between Bellingham and the end of Cape Cod.

Though favored with but a small number of adherents, Mr. Backus' church in 1779 had increased in membership from fifty-nine to one hundred and thir-tyeight, and at the expiration of forty years, with the changes that came from the decease of tiiirty-four, I the dismission of sixty-one to other churches, it still possessed a thriving body of followers, who numbered ninety-one, and had already acquired the title of mother of ministers and churches.

At the beginning of his pastorate at Titicut, Mr. Backus adopted the course of an Evangelistic preacher, and, like Wesley, called the world his parish, for of uo part of the Old Colony was he unmindful. During the first eleven years of his ministry he delivered two thousand four hundred sermons, and traveled fourteen thuusaud seven hundred miles beyond the limits of his parish. This course of life he pursued until ((uite advanced in years, aud delivered annually about two hundred sermons. In the formation of kindred churches of Middleboro', Barnstable, Marshfield, Cocheset, and Carver, we recognize the legitimate influence of the Christian code of llliode Island, under the administration of an active reformer. With but six churches of his denomination in Massachusetts and Connecticut before 1734, Mr. Backus witnessed a most remarkable growth of his cause in the establishment of forty-eight churches in Massachusetts in the course of thirty years, and, before 1792, of a thousand churches in the country.

His prominence in concentrating the strength of the Baptist element in New England, and promoting its claims of equality, found honored expression in his mission at Philadelphia in 1774, at the meeting of the First Continental Congress, and his protest against the establishment of old ecclesi;istical laws in Massachusetts, and in his plea for the amendment of the Bill of Rights, placed him in the ranks of the most noted advocates of religious liberty. Associated with President Manning, of the College of Rhode Island, of which he was trustee, Mr. Backus was heartily identified with the interests of liberal learning, and was a dispenser of charities for the education of youth. His numerous publications upon both political and religious subjects attracted the attention of statesmen, and enlisted the sympathy of many. With an established fame as a preacher and historian he was also a recognized teacher in his profession, and welcomed not a few to his fellowship, who became eminent as clergymen.

At his humble home, on Nov. 20, 180G, Mr. Backus passed away in the eighty-third year of his age, and the sixty-first of his ministry. He w;is born in Norwich, Conn., Jan. 9, 1724. His father was a descendant of one of the first plaiitei-s of Norwich (1U60). His mother was of the family line of the Winslows, who were early settlers in the Old Colony.

Ecclesiastical History. - In 1821 certain members of the First Congregational Church withdrew and organized a new church, viz., the Trinitarian Congregational Church, and the following arc the names of those who constituted said church at its organization, Oct. 17, 1821 : John Couant, Deborah Couant, Jason Dyer, Theophilus Wentworth, Betsey Wentworth, Rufua Wood, Susannah Wood, Mary Conant, Mary Hooper, Nancy Washburn, Oliver Conant, Peter Couant, Jane Conant, Polly Couant, Levi Leach, Betsey Leach, Giles Leach, Deborah Conant, Ruth Keith.

Nov. 10, 1821, an organization was had for the erection of a meeting-house, which was to be built iu shares of one hundred dollars each, and the following persons were chosen building committee : Benjamin

Keith, Jason Dyer, Seth Conant, Zephaniah Caswell, Ezra Fobes, Jr., William Bassett, Caleb F. Leonard. It was agreed that there should be thirty shares, and the Ibllowinj; persons are named as agreeing to take shares : Jasoii Dyer, Caleb F. Leonard, William Bassett, Benjamin Keith, Ezra Fobc.s, Jr., Nathan Ba.s.sett, Zephaniah Caswell, Josiah Bas.sctt, Cornelius Holmes, Seth (Mnant, Rufus Wood, Oliver Conant, Jo.'ieph Bassett, Morton Eddy, Levi Hooper, George Ba>.sett, Zeplianiali Wilbar.

Setii CoDant and Ezra Fobes contracted to build the meeting-house, which was located in what is known as ''Scotland." The church was completed during the year 1822, at a cost of three thousand dollars. Ezra Fobes, Oliver Keith, and Morton Eddy were chosen deacons.

Jan. 29, 1823, this cliurch installed the Rev. Ebenezer Gay as its pastor, Rev. Dr. Codman, of Dorchester, preaching the sermon, and tlie following clergymen taking part in the exercises of the occasion : Dr. Calvin Hitchcock, of Randolph ; Rev. William Cogswell, of Dedham ; Rev. J. B. Fiske, of Sharon ; Rev. Elisha Fiske, of Wrentham ; Rev. Luther Sheldon, D.D., of Easton ; Rev. P. Colby, of Middleboro'; Rev. Daniel Thomas, of Abington ; Rev. Sylvester Holmes, of New Bedford ; Rev. Mr. Shaw, of Middleboro'; Rev. Daniel Huntington, of North Bridgewater. Mr. Fiske wa.s moderator ; Mr. Sheldon, scribe.

Mr. Gay continued his labors with success, and the following year about fifty were added to the church. After about fifteen years (in IBStlj the members of the church in the Centre had increased, and a majority being in favor of removing to that locality, Mr. Gay, with much reluctance, parted with his Scotland charge, and established the church, with a new house of worship, on the west side of Central Square. This course was approved by neighboring clergymen and laymen, and proved to be what is now the strong and well-established Central Square Church. Rev. Mr. Gay was dismissed, at his own request, Dec. 29, 1841, and his successor was Rev. S. S. Tappan, who was the pastor for two years, - Morton Eddy, Cornelius Holmes, and Abiel Bassett, deacons.

In 1845 (April 23d), Rev. David Brigham was installed the pastor. The council was Rev. P. Colby, of xMiddleboro' ; Rev. Paul Couch, of North BriJgewater; Rev. Israel W. Putnam, of Middleboro'; llev. Dennis Powers,, of Abington ; Rev. Daniel Huntington, of North Bridgewarter ; Rev. Baalis Sanlbrd, of East Bridgewater; Rev. Willard Pierce, of Abington. Sermon by Rev. Sewall Harding, of Medway.

' Mr. Brigham's pastorate continued until Dec. 24, I 1858, when he tendered his resignation, after nearly 1 fourteen years of faithful devotion to his sacred calling, during which time there were many additions to ] the church.

1 Rev. John M. Prince, from Georgetown, wa.s the next pastor. His installation took place Feb. 23, 1859, and gave promise of good for tiie ehureli.

In a few months he was stricken with fatal disea.sc, which terminated his brief but mo.st dev(]tid labors with this people, Nov. IG, 1850. Mr. l-'riiiee was very much beloved, and his death was deeply \ lamented. His remains were tenderly laid in the cemetery of this town with most touching expressions of affection by his church and parish.

The meeting-house, which was erected in 1830, was destroyed by fire in 1860. [ Rev. Ebenezer Douglass was the next minister, I coming to the place the week before the church was I destroyed. He engaged with zeal in the interest of j the church, and aided much in raising funds for ] rebuilding the present spacious and convenient edifice. The funds for the new meeting-hou.se were raised by subscription and given to the corporate church that owned the land, on condition that the annual rental of pewa should be applied to the support of the gospel ministry and the incidental expenses of the church.

There wa.s a commendable spirit of liberality and self-sacrifice manifested by the church and parish in accomplishing this work, which was carried on amid the trying season of the war of the Rebellion.

Mr. Douglass was installed June 2G, 18G2, the followiog ministers participating in the exercises: Rev. E. A. Park, D.D., who preached the sermon (Boston) ; Rev. E. Thurston, D.D., charge to the pastor (Fall River) ; Rev. J. C. Seagraves, Scotland ; 1 Rev. N. H. Broughton, East aud West Bridgewater; Rev. T. G. Brainard, Halifax; Rev. I. W. Putnam, D.D., Middleboro'; Rev. E. G. Little, North Middleboro' ; Rev. J. G. Haskell, Raynham ; Rev. P. Wallace, Boston.

The church edifice was enlarged for an orp;an-lofD, etc., and frescoed and much improved in 1883, at an expense of seventeen hundred dollars, by the generous gifts of a few members of the parish. Under the faithful ministry of able and devoted pastors, the churcii and parish has strengthened in numbers, and its congregation is among the lai'gcst in the town. The Sabbath-school is well sustained, under the superintendence of Mr. George H. Martin. Deacons, Abiel Bassett, Levi Walker, George H. Martin ; Pariah Clerk, Albert G. Boyden ; Treasurer, A. C. Boyden ; Standing Committee, Levi Walker, R. W. Wilber, James Reed ; Committee on Pews, James Reed, I. M. Conant, A. G. Boyden ; Collector, James Reed ; Auditor, John M. Stetson.

Deacon Henry D. Sanford, who for many years was an efficient and devoted worker as deacon and as Sunday-school superintendent, was called from the scenes of earth, greatly lamented, February 14, 18S3. He was the son of Rev. Baalis Sanford, of East Bridgewater.

Trinity Church. - In January, a.d. 1747, Samuel Edson, ol' Bridgewater, gave by deed, in trust, to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts of the Church of England fourteen acres of land, the annual proceeds of which were " to be applied to e mintainance of public worship & ministration of e word and sacraments according to the rites and usages of c ch. of England." " A small society was formed, who commenced the building of e church in e spring of e year 1748."

Among the names of those early builders were Samuel, Jr., Johu, Obcd, Abel, and Ezra Edson, Thomas and Francis Perkins. This first churcli building was not completed nor even glazed until long after public worship was held under its roof, according to the records. Some years after the raising, we read of the sale of the wood on the glebe, by Ebenezer Keith, to obtain window-glass and to erect pulpit, reading-desk, and altar. It was not until sixty-eight years afterwards that the earnest and faithful John Edson, a descendant of the founder, at his own expense thoroughly repaired and completed the first Trinity Church, which was then first consecrated by Bishop Griswold in 181G. This was a glad day for the church people of Bridgewater, but the institution seems to have hardly less than a name to live until Rev. Matthias Monroe accepted the rectorship in 1831, when the church was filled with a congregation. Rev. William Warland became the rector in 1836, and a new church was erected, to take the place of the old one of 1748, and con.secruted by Bishop Griswold.

The new Trinity ranked among the finest buildings of that day, with its fine mahogany pulpit, and when demolished, lust November, had long been one of the most attractive objects in the rural landscape. A mong its rectors of this second period are many names that still live gratefully in the hearts and memories of parishioners.

During the year 1883, by a combined etlbit of the friends of the church, a fine lot has been purchased, upon which the third and new Trinity Church is rising to gladden the hearts and eyes of Trinity people. The contracting builder is Mr. S. L. Ryder, of West Bridgewater. The new church, which is now well advanced towards completion, is seventy-seven by thirty-three, being a simple nave only, with a corner tower, and was designed by Mr. Stephen C. Earle, of Worcester.

Amonir those who have rendered faithful service as rectors of the church are the Rev. Charles Clark Harris, Rev. B. R. GiUord, and Rev. Joseph Jenks.

The present rector is Rev. J. Milton Peck, under whose ministry this church of the fathers seems to have taken a new lease of life in Bridgewater. Mr. Peck is a native of Fall River, a graduate of Trinity College, Hartford, of the class of 1854, and was ordained in 1856 as a minister of the gospel.

New Jerusalem Church. - The society of the New Jerusalem Church was formed in 1824, and the first preacher was Mr. Artemas Stebbins, who was a zealous believer of the doctrines of Emanuel Swedenborg. Mr. Eleazer Smith began to preach for the society in 1824 and continued until 1826, when the society arranged for service at the Academy Hall, where it was continued most of the time until 1S31. In 1833 a church was organized by Rev. Thomas Worcester, with the following members: Seth Washburn, Sarah Washburn, Daniel Mitchell, Eunice Mitchell, Cyrus Benson, Lydia Benson, Thomas Broadhurst, Chloe Broadhurst, Thomas Cushman, Lucy Cushman, Simeon Leonard, Philander Wood, Ralph Copeland, Charles Pratt, William Snow, Deborah Hayward, Polly Alden, Rebecca L. Conant, Mary Perkins, Susan Copelaud, Bethiali Bates, Boadicea Leonard.

On Sept. 3, 1834, the house of worship was dedicated. It was the first erected by this denomination in New England, Rev. M. M. Carll, of Philadelphia, as consecrating priest. Rev. C. I. Doughly and Rev. Samuel Worcester participated in the services. Mr.

Mr. Rodman subsequently preached in Portland, IMo., and at Philadelphia, where he died April, 1870. iMr. Rodman was an able, scholarly man, of ready speech, and most earnestly devoted to his ministerial office. The interest which he took in all public affairs, particularly the cause of education, gave hiui a prominent place as a citizen, and in humility he exemplified the Christian character. Mr. Redman was born in Newport, R. I., in 1811.

Rev. T. B. Hayward was a stated supply lor a number of years, closing his connection with the society in 18G8. He was a graduate of Harvard College, and had a higii standing as a student of the doctrines of the New Church, and accomplished much for the Boston society prior to his connection with the Bridgewater Church. His death occurred in 1878, ten years after leaving Bridgewater.

Rev. Theodore F. Wright became the pastor in 18G9, when the society entered upon a prosperous experience, and proceeded to the erection of the new edifice, which was completed in 1871. The late Mr. Joseph A. Hyde was a liberal promoter of this enterprise, giving the land for the church and contributing generously to its building fund. The building committee were Philo Keith, E. H. Sprague, Spencer Leonard, M. IL Cornell, and Smuuer Keith. The church building is a beautiful and convenient structure, and an ornament to the village. Tlie society is still favored with Mr. Wright's pastorate.

Methodist Episcopal Church. - The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in Bridgewater May 3, 1874 ; the following persons holding church letters were enrolled as original members : George Adams, Margaret Adams, Albert Harriman, Maliala Harriman, Sarah A. Lawrence, John McBay, Letitia Mc- Bay, Abbie F. Lawrence, and Silva Shedd.

For four years the church rented the old Swedenborgian meeting-house. In the fifth year step.s were taken to purchase the house, and three years ago (1881 ) the debt for lot, building, and refitting was entirely paid. The church has shown a commendable spirit of self-sacrifice, and seems to exert a good influence in the town. The officers are H. F. Barnes, recording steward ; Albert Harriman, collector ; F. C.

Catholic Church. - The Catholic Church was built in this town in 1855, and has been au institution that has conferred much benefit upon the large class of adopted citizens. Rev. John Conlon is the pastor, and an able, scholarly preacher.

Bridgewater Iron Manufacture. - From a very early date in the hi.ritory of the country, Bridgewater has been identified with the manufacture of iron, ;ind more than a century ago was a central point of ihis important enterprise. liven ;ts early as 1028 speci.d encouragement from the moiher-cuuntry promoted a search for minerals, and gradually called into being important iron companies in Abington, Ra^'nhaui, Middleboro'i and Bridgewater The ponds and bogs of the Old Colony were found to yield an abundant supply of ore, and furnaces and forges for smelting and working up the metal with charcoal from the swamps and hills presented scenes of primitive activity that can be but faintly realized. The earliest mention of iron manufacture in Bridgewater is recorded in 1707, in a lease of land by Indians ol'Titi- I cut to Capt. Edson, Edward Mitchell, Edward Fobes, Samuel Washburn, and Ephraim Howard, in consideration of an annual payment of twenty-five shilliugs, " to have liberty to set up iron works," and ' to joyn their duinm to our laud, and also to improve what is needful for ponding." In 1737, Capt. Josiah KJson and others were engaged in the mauulacture of liullowware at South Brook, near the present margin of Carver's Pond, and laid the foundation fur an active trade in " skelleta, cauldrons, and dogs." Tliu foundry of Amos Keith and others at tiie " old Purge Brook" at Titicut, about the same time, were engaged iu casting cannon, and the furnace of Jeremiah Keith & Brother, not far away, were among the establishments actively engaged in contributing supplies at this period. The rapid growth of our colonial industries, however, had in 1750 met with most rigorous restrictive measures on the part of Great Britain in the prohibition of the further erection of slittiiig-mills, rolling-mills, and forges, and had called forth an immediate declaration of natural rights from the people of Massachusetts. It was therel'ore not until after the Revolution that iron manufacture Wits able to resuniLits former prominence iu the colony.

As a home of artisans and manufacturers Bridgewater became a centre of renewed activity, and iu 1818, a short time before the division of tlie town, possessed three forges, two slittiug-mills, two anchorshops, four trip-hammers, three nail-factunes, and one air furnace. At the present site of the Bridgewater

History Of Bkidgewatek

Iron Couipnny'a works was erected, in 1785, the second slitting-mill in the country, after tlie return of peace. Anoiher slitting-uiill was erected in 1793, and in 1795 the establishment and success of the business were indicated by the cutting and rolling of four hundred and forty-five tons of iron, of which one hundred tons were made into hoop-iron and for cutting nails. This branch of industry, through the foresight of Messrs. Isaac and Nathan Lazell and others, was steadily increased in magnitude and importance. In 182G an act of incorporation was obtained and the business was carried on under tiie name of Lazell, Perkins & Co. Without railroad accommodations, and at a distance of ten miles from a landing, the large business was pushed forward with success through the indomitable energy of the managing agents. After the death of Nathan Lazell, Esq., hia son, Nathan Lazell, Jr., succeeded to the chief management until his death, in 1835, when Mr. Nahum Stetson was chosen his successor. With all the energy of youth and u rare executive ability he entered upon his most responsible duties. The business at this time had grown to large proportions, and it was on credit that goods were largely sold. It was at this period in its history that the panic of 1837 burst upon the company, and, through the wise management of its managers, withstood the shock, establishing a credit that has been steadily maintained from that time to the present.

It was not until 1846, when railroad accommodations were opened with Boston and Fall River, that this company was able to take its present prominence among the largest iron manufactories of the country. From that time forward it has been foremost in the department of heavy castings and forgings. The shafts of the largest ocean steamers are made at this establishment. We will not attempt to enumerate the variety of work done by this company, as it embraces almost all kinds of heavy machinery. The manufacture of yellow metal and tubing is an important branch, and for several years the cutting of horse-nails has been carried on with success. The extent of these works is such that they cover an area of about ten acres. Duriug the war of the Rebellion this company contributed much in the line of heavy forgings for the construction of the navy, and furnished the wroughtiron work of Ericsson's invincible " Monitor." It is but just in sketching the history of the Bridgewater Iron Company to make special allusion to Mr. Jacob Perkins, who early became connected with it as a practical millwright as well as owner, and to Gad and Jacob Robinson, who for many years occupied prominent places in the department requiring the greatest skill in the working of metals. For more than twenty years Mr. James Ferguson has been superintendent of the works, and within that time has witnessed a great increase in their capacity.

Paper Manufactures. - The site of the paper-mill at Pratt Town has long been occupied for manufacturing purposes. The first dam was built a.s early as 1792, in its present position, about fifty rods above the old '' foot and horse" bridge, which for many years accommodated the people of this neighborhood. The flume of the old grist-mill was built in 1794. At the time of which we write, Lieut. Hczekiah Hooper, Joseph Hooper, Winslow Hooper, Elijah Hayward, and Beza Hayward were among the movers in this enterprise, and formed with others the first mill company, with Beza Hayward as clerk. In 1798 there had been added to the establishment a fullingniill and a dressing- and dye-house ; the firm was Beza Hayward & Co. Mr. Joseph Hooper, whose lather was a partner in this concern, remembers the early progress of this branch of the business and is authority for the date of the erection of the dam. In 1823, Mr. Joseph Hooper, with the aid of skillful artisans, manufactured a superior quality of paper of all grades of finish. This was the first paper-mill in the county. In 1830, Messrs. George Hooker and Silas Warren took control of the business and carried it on several years. Mr. Hooker continued the business until 1851, when he was succeeded by Joshua Norton. In 1857 the Hollinsworth Company purchased the privilege, and have continued the business under the ageucy of Mr. Mark H. Cornell. This establishment is furnished with the most approved machinery for paper manufacturing, with both steam- and water-power, and is prosperous under Mr. Cornell's management. Although Bridgewater can lay no claim to paper manufacturing earlier than 1823, she can with pride refer to the enterprise of Jeremiah Keith, who manufactured paper-mill screws, seven inches in diameter and three and one-half feet long, as early as 1785.

a kige number of meD, and the various improveluciits that have been added to tlie macliine have given the Eagle giu a promineut place among the planters of the South. Tiiis company still do a large and prosperous business. In addition to the cottongin business, this company for several years has done a large business in the manufacture of boxes. For many years Mr. Asa Copeland was connected with this company, and is the oldest and only person living who Was engaged in the cotton-gin business with Mr. Eleazer Carver, sixty years ago.

Mr. Edwin Keith and Philo Keith were, during their lifetime, connected with this company, the former as foreman, and Mr. E. H. Keith has been fur thirty years a prominent artisan in connection with these works. The president of the company is Mr. Henry Perkins ; treasurer, Samuel P. Gates.

The iron foundry of Henry Perkins, situated opposite the Eagle Gin Company's works, on the line of the Old Colony Railroad, has long lield an important place among the manufacturing establishments of the town. It is a substantial brick structure with slate roof, commodious and convenient for the purposes for which it was designed. Mr. Perkins established this business more than- thirty years ago in connec- ^on with the cotton-gin works, carrying on the business in that locality until he occupied the present spacious establishment.

The finest piano frames are extensively manufactured at this foundry, and Mr. Perkins has a high reputation in his special line of foundry business, as well as for his energy, promptness, and integrity as a business man. Mr. Perkins is a signal example of au untiring, energetic, self-made man. He has a family of five sons and four daughters.

During the years 1864 and 1865 the United States tax upon all kinds of manufactures was heavy, and as an illustration we will give that of June, 18tJ5, as relates to two of our leading establishments. Lazell, Perkins & Co. (Bridgewater Iron Company), 81560.38; Bates, Hyde & Co. (Eagle Cotton-Gin Company), S788. 09. This it will be observed was for a single month. Tliis, with the income tax, was a burden that no one who did not live in that day lau but faintly comprehend. The remarkable demand for all kinds of goods enabled the manufacturers nut only to meet this war tax, but also enabled them to make good dividends. This high tax was not long continued; had it been, most manufacturers would have retired from business. The income tax was gradually modified, and has for years been quite unknown.

much to contend with, and the low prices of most domestic goods have depressed the price of manufacturing stocks nearly one-half in valuation. It is Cjuite evident that it is time for the government to interpose with more vigorous protective measures if our Rreat industries are to prosper in New England.

Biographical. - Dr. Samuel, youngest sou of Maj. Judah Alden, of the Revolution, was born upon the ancestral estate of John Alden, the Pilgrim, at Duxbury, Jan. 2-1, 1803, and graduated at Harvard College in 1821, and from Dartmouth Medical College; settled in Bridgewater in 1825. He possessed brilliant talents, and took a prominent position among the physicians of the county. His collegiate and medical course was marked with fine literary attainments, which gave him the prestige of high social position among the people of the town. He at an early period secured an extensive practice, and won the esteem and contidenee of the entire community. His rare social gifts and ready, cheerful wit rendered him a welcome visitor in sickness and in health, and his fund of anecdotes dissipated much of the depressing atmosphere of the sick-chamber. Fur fifty years his life was devoted to the people of the town, and amid the storms of winter and in summer's heat his cheerful service was ready at their command. The families of the town have long held him in the most affectionate esteem, and his ready response to the calls of the poor, when no fee was to reward him, has long since accorded to him the title of a public benefactor. He was happily married to Mary A., daughter of the late Ezra Hyde, Jan. 29, 1829, who shared with him more than fifty years of his professional life. They celebrated their golden wedding Jan. 2'J, 1S70. ' Dr. Alden still retains liis mental faculties to an unusual degree for one of his age, and sustains the infirmities of age with the same cheerful composure that has characterized his long and busy life. Dr. Alden is a lineal descendant of the distinguished Pilgrim in the sixth generation, and is an honored member of the Society of the Cincinnatus. His wife died .May 31, 1883, aged seventy-seven years.

Dr. Lewis S. Hopkins was born in Boston, Sept. 15, 1815. He was the son of John Hopkins, a merchant, and fitted for college at Amherst, and entered college, but, on account of his health, failed to graduate. He graduated at the South Carolina Medical College in 1837, was physician at one of the city institutions in Boston for two years, and then traveled for two years in Europe (after a few years of professional life in Northampton). He settled in Bridgewater in 1864, and purchased the Judge David Perkins place, where he still lives as a retired gentleman.

Dr. Hopkins is a man of fine literary eodowmeats, ao able theological scliolar and writer, a large-hearted, j benevolent citizen. He is a meiuber of the Central I Square Ciiurch, and is held in esteem by his associates and by hb townsmen, having been frequently chosen school committeeman and chairman of the Board of Health of his town.

Col. Abram Washburn, who was a prominent citizen of Bridgewater during his long life, was a son of Nathaniel Washburn, and grandson of Capt. Abraui Washburn, of Revolutionary fame. He spent his early years in Vermont, but in 1811, a number of years before his father's return to his native place, he came to Bridgewater, and became of service to his uncle, Capt. Abram Washburn, an active citizen of that day. He was thus early connected with the business of Carver, Washburn & Co. in the development of the cotton-gin business, and for a time traveled in the South in the interest of the concern, of which he was a subsequent partner. Col. Washburn was interested in all good objects for the promotion of the public welfare. He was when quite young active in the organization of the local rifle company in 1819, and, under Col. Samuel Leonard, who was at that time captain, he first served as lieutenant. He was possessed of a fine physique, and in the saddle presented a most commanding figure as an o£Scer. He was an earnest advocate of the temperance reform, and early .sympathized with the anti-slavery cause. For his espoused principles of Christian living Col. Washburn was highly esteemed, and, though a man of strong prejudices, had a wide circle of friends. He was one of the early active members of the Plymouth Agricultural Society, and served in various capacities as an oflSccr. For many years he was a trustee of the academy, and was a firm friend of that institution. His first wife was Pamela, daughter of Isaac Keith, and his second wife was Sarah, sister of Hon. Johu A. Shaw. He died May 28, 1881, aged eighty-six years.

Dr. Samuel H. Worcester, son of Rev. Samuel Worcester, was born in Gloucester, Mass., Feb. IG, 1824. Fitted for college at the Bridgewater Academy, pursued collegiate studies at Brown University, but owing to ill health left before graduating ; taught school several years, among other schools had charge of Framingham Academy ; was ordained as a minister of the New Jerusalem Church (Swedcnborgian) in the year 1851 ; was settled as a clergyman at Baltimore, Md., for several years. In early life he pursued the study of medicine to some extent, and in 1850 attended medical lectures in the University of Marylaud, and in IStil graduated at the New York Homoeopathic College ; had a large practice at Gloucester, and later at Salem, Mass. ; retired to Bridgewater September, 1878, where he has since resided, engaged chiefly in literary labor. Dr. Worcester is a gentleman of fine scholarly attainments, and has done much good work in connection with the school board of the town, of which he is chairman.

Zebulon Pratt, Esq., was born Jan. 8, 1816, and was the son of Zebulon K. Pratt, of Middleburo', a lineal descendant of Phineas Pratt, who landed at Plymouth in 162.3. He was one of a large family of brothers, and was educated in the schools of his town and at the Bridgewater Academy. He engaged in teaching sehool for a few years, and at the age of twenty had a clerkship in Boston. Subsequently he engaged in the book-trade, starting for the West in 1837, visiting the principal cities, selling his books at auction. He followed this business for twenty-five years, visiting such important points as Washington, New Orleans, Nashville, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Cleveland, and various places, and the trade-sales of New York. Possessed of great energy, and gifted as an auctioneer, he became widely known to the trade, and soon entered upon a career of prosperity that gave him an excellent credit in all central points where the book-trade was carried on. His brother, Benjamin, was for a time associated with him and succeeded to the business when he retired, in 1862. Few men have seen more extended travel or have had a wider acquaintance. His promptness in meeting all his engagements was a characteristic that secured his success, and rewarded him with an independent fortune. He wi»s married to Matilda, daughter of Silas Hathaway, in 1842. Mr. Pratt has been identified with all public enterprises in his neighborhood for many years, and was the chief promoter of the Pratt Free School when that institution was established, and was liberal in his gifu to the building of the church at Titicut. He removed to Bridgewater in 1873, and is still active in the care of his estate and in the promotion of the public interests of the town. He is a member of the Central Square Church, and of the American Board of Foreign Missions, and a liberal giver to the various religious and charitable associations of his denomination. He has been a trustee of the Pratt Free School from its organization, and for many years its president. Socially he is one of the live, wide-awake citizens of the town, and his beautiful residence is on the corner of Suutli Street and Spring Hill Avenue.

Edgar Parker, son of Charles Parker, was burn in Framingham, Mass., June 7, 1840; wa.-> educated at Norwich University, and received his degree of M.D.

from Harvard University in 1863; entered the United States service as assistant surgeon March, 18C3; wounded at Gettysburg July 1, 1863; and was discliargcd by reason of disability.

Dr. Parker practiced his profession a few years as a physician, and then relinquished it for that of an artist in painting, for which he early had disclosed a special talent. He visited Europe, and had the advantages afforded by such observation as was congenial to his taste. Having established his studio in Boston, he soon received the patronage of many distinguished persons as a portrait-painter, and his work has given him a liigh position among tlie profession. Dr. Parker has resided in Bridgewater for many years, and his wife is the daughter of the late Joseph A. Hyde.

Lafayette Keith, Esq., has been a prominent citizen of the town for many years. He was the son of Solomon Keith, and was born Oct. 21, 1824. He was educated in the schools of the town, and early took an interest in public and political affairs.

He was appointed postmaster of Bridgewater April ], 1854, continuing in that office until Jan. 1, 1862. Upon the enactment of the internal revenue law, iu 1862, he was appointed an officer in that department for this district, which position he has held with special acceptance to the government until the present time.

At the annual meeting of the Plymouth County Agricultural Society (1863) he was chosen secretary in place of Williams Latham, Esq., which position he now holds. In 1872, at the organization of the Bridgewater Savings-Bauk, lie was chosen clerk of the corporation, and a member of the board of trustees.

Mr. Keith is one of a family of six brothera and two sisters ; five of the brothers and one sister are still living. In all the relations of life Mr. Keith ba.s been an example of rectitude and moral uprightness of character worthy of imitation.

Hon. Philo Leach, who was born in Bridgewater iu 1797, occupied a prominent place as a citizen for many years. He was the sou of Apollos Leach, a master builder and farmer, who gave to his son the best opportunities for education that the schools of that day afforded. The subject of this notice waa a young man of vigorous physique, and after tinisbing the allotted time for schooling made choice of the trade of his father, and became qualified to take his place as a master workman. For many years he was a successful and leading builder in the town. Mr. Leach early took an interest in public affairs, and was active in political movements of the day. ^Vheu a little more than thirty years old he was chosen one of the selectmen, and for nearly twenty years was chairman uf that board. He was prompt and energetic, and as an assessor was vigilant in discovering the property of citizens, and few escaped their share of the public burdens under his administration. He waa .specially active iu looking up the settlements of persons who became a public charge, and at one time the almsbouse was almost vacant through his agency. He represented the town for several years, and was active and efficient upon committees. He had a wide reputation as an expert in matters of settlement, and wa.s employed upon that subject in various parts of the commonwealth. He was eaily ideutitiod with the Free-Soil party, and was elected a member of the Governor's Council, serving with signal ability upon that board. He had an ext^^nsive atquaiiitance with public men, and was discriminating in his judgment of human character. He was of strong mind, with decided opinions, which he held with great toiiacity. He was active in promoting the cau^e of cducatiun, and a zealous advocate of whatever was fur the be^t interest of the town. His death, which was sudden and greatly lamented, took place Sept. 7. 185:!.

Mr. Jacob Perkins, son of Francis Perkins, was early connected with the Messrs. Lazclls as a millwright at the iron-works. He was a skillful uieclianie, and liis services were in great demand wherever a new mill was projected. His rare ability soon secured him recognition as an adviser iu the improvements that were being made at the Bridgewater works, and he became a partner under the style of Lazell, Perkins & Co. He resided near the works, and had personal oversight of much of the mechanical department for nearly forty years. Under his special charge success was ;issured, and his careful supervision permitted no neglect or waste about the premises. His kind and genial disposition won the friendship of the workmen, and they sought his advice as that uf a father. It was during his lifetime that the business of the iron company grew to large proportions, and it was in im small degree, owing to bis wise counsel, that so great meiisure of success was attained. In his home he was an example of those virtues that win respect and admiration, and his large family of children grew up like olive-plants to love aud venerate the kind and indulgent parent. He was a liberal supporter of the institutions of religion and education, and his family shared a place in the best social circle of the town. He will long be associated with ttie great iron industry of Bridgewater, and his memory will be treasured among the distinguished citizens of a past geueraliun. He died in 1853, aged Bevcnty-sevcn years.

History Of Bkidgewater

Hon. Artetuas Hale, the oldest surviving ex-mem- I ber of Conjiress for many years, and who died in I Biidjrewater Aucr. 3, 1882, was boni in Winchen- j don, Mass., Oct. 20, 1788. His early life was spent 1 on liis father's farm, with the limited opportunities 1 for edueatiou, wiiich he improved to the best of his I ability. At the age of nineteen years, he became qualilicd to teach school and to do the surveying for the town for several years. He was subsequently called to Hingham, Mass., where for several years he was u successful teacher, one of his pupils being the late Rev. Calvin Lincoln, who deceased, at the age of eighty-one years, a few years ago. Mr. Hale was teaching at Hingham in 1813 at the time the British were menacing the seaports of the New England coast, and was a spectator to the memorable fight between the " Shannon" and the " Chesapeake" in Massachu.-^etts Bay. After the close of the war he engaged in mercantile business at East Bridgewater, and in 181U engaged with Lazell, Perkins & Co., at Bridgewater, as clerk. Subsequently he associated himself with Eleazer Carver, and was a partner in the lirm of Carvijr, Washburn & Co., who were engaged in the manufacture of cotton-gins, acting as the agent and treasurer. He was a man of correct business habits, and proved a valuable acquisition to the new enterprise. His sterling integrity and ability attracted the attention of his townsmen, and he was called to various ofiBces of trust and responsibility which he filled with rare acce{)tanee. He was chosen to represent the town in the Legislature in 1824, and was subsetjuently elected senator from Plymouth County, serving in both branches eight years. In 1S46 he was elected to Congress, serving two terms with ability upon important committees. He was active in political afl'airs, being identified with the Whig party, and was a zealous advocate of the policy of protection to home industry and internal improvements. In all the high social virtues that di.itinguish and adorn the best New England homes he was an example wortliy of imitation. With pronounced adherence to the Whig party until ita mission was accomplished, he naturally allied himself to the Republican party, with which he was identified during the remainder of his long life, and few men in the prime of life were so well informed upon all current political matters. His religious faith was .such as sprung from a deep reverence for the Scriptures, while he was a liberal supporter of the ordinances of the church with which he was long counected. Successful in the management of his own business, he was often consulted in the interests of others. He retained his physical and mental faculties to a remarkable degree until a few weeks before his death, and long awaited its summons with serenity and resignation. His death was deeply lamented by a wide circle, particularly by the citizens of the town to whose interest and welfare his long life had been so largely devoted.

Hon. John Angier Shaw, who was long identified with his native town as a distinguished teacher, was the son of Dr. Samuel Shaw, and grandson of ilie second minister of Bridgewater, and was born Oct. 8, 1792. His early education and preparation for college was at the Bridgewater Academy, and he entered college at Harvard with Edward Everett, Nathaniel Frothingham, John C. Gray, and Harrison Gray Otis, graduating in 1811. In the choice of a profession his religious nature suggested ii theological course, which was completed ; but he subsequently relin(iuished it for the profession of teacher. He went to Mississippi, where his success gave him a high reputation, and after several years ho was called to the prcceptorship of the Bridgewater Academy in 1825. In connection with this school he was eminently successful, and his connection with it as teacher and president of the board of trustees forms a very important portion of its history. His entire connection as preceptor, in point of time, Wiis sixteen years, terminating in 1841. For many years he was an efficient member of the board of trustees, and at the time of his death, which was Oct. 4, 1873, was president of that body. His interest in public alfairs was not circumscribed to the school-room, but his broad culture fitted him for other fields of usefulness. In 1834 he was elected to the State Senate, and his subsequent election to that office in 1835, and four elections to the House of Representatives by the citizens of his town, indicated the measure of his popularity as a legislator. He was distinguished for his deep interest in the cause of popular education, and was active in the many reforms of bis time and prominent in reducing the number of representatives, which had become burdensome and unwieldy. In all tho walks of social life he was endeared to those with whom he was as.sociated as a man of great purity of heart, exerting a most beneficent influence upon all about him. He was early connected with the church of his fathers, and was ever a consistent example of the religion which he professed. The long catalogue of his pupils would show the names of many persons of eminence in the learned professions, and his name is held by them with honor as a public benefactor. The town of his nativity, from which no allurements of station could estrange him, holds him in grateful remembrance. The institution of learning with which he was coonecteJ so closely will most indelibly inscribe his name as chief amoug its friends, and uherish it. as an iiupoitant pa;^e iu its history. Of an honored ancestry he left a name alike honored, and iiis example of moral uprightness and Christian living cannot fail of its influence upon succeeding generations.

Jlr. Mitchell Hooper, who for half a century has been identiiied with the manufacture of bricks, an important industry in his native town, was born Jlay 2y, ISUS. He was the son of Capt. Joseph Hooper, a prominent man, who was active in the business of Bridgewater in his generation. Mr. Hooper coniuionced the manufacture of bricks iu 1829, and from small beginnings has built up a large and prosperous business. His first yard was about half a mile below his present site, and Jeremiah Townsend was for a time a partner in the business. Mr. Hooper lias given employment to a large number of men, and the production of a single year has been four millions. His life has been one of great industry, and his reputation for sterling integrity has never been questioned, His kind and generous nature has ever secured the frieod.ihip and respect of his workmen, while as a citizen he has ever been held in high esteem. His modest worth has frequently been recognized by his townsmen, and in 1861 he was the representative to the State Legislature. His quiet, unobtrusive manners have ever been a noticeable characteristic. He has held a prominent place in the First Congregational Church and parish, having been its treasurer, and a liberal supporter. He is still active fur one of liis age, and his home is the seat of a cheerful hospitality. His only sou, Mr. George M. Hooper, is a well-known citizen, and is active in the business with his father.

l)r. Noah Fearing died June 20, 1824, aged fiftyfour years. He practiced his profession in Bridgewater twenty-nine years. The cheerfulness with which he met every duty, and the faithful performance which always ensued, gained for him general esteem and confidence. &Lirch G, 1823, ho was stricken with a[)oplexy, preventing him from practicing his profession, and his death was from a second shock. Ill domestic life he displayed those virtues which are calculated to make affection pure and enduring. He was the son of Gen. Israel Fearing, of Wareham ; graduated at Harvard University, 1791 ; married Anne, daughter of Maj. Isaac Lazell, 1799, aud had Jane, George, and Thomas B.

John Washburn was early at Duxbury, and had an action iu court in 11132. He and his suns, John and Philip, were included among those able to bear arms in 1G43. He and his sou John were original proprietors, aud became residents of Bridgewater in

1G65. John, Jr., married a daughter of Experience Mitchell, 1G4.1, and had John, Thomas, Joseph, Samuel, Jonathan, Benjamin, Mary, Jane, ]']lizabeth, James, and Sarali.

Thomas, son of John (2d), lived near the ironworks, Bridgewater, and had Nathaniel, Thomas, and Timothy, and live daughters, one of whuin, Elizabeth, married Josiah Couant. Joseph, son of .Johu (2d), married a daughter of Robert Ijatliam. Samuel, son of John (2d), married Deborah, daughter of Samuel Packard, and had Samuel (1G7S), Noah (1G82), Israel (1G84), Neliemiah, Bcnjuiuiu, aud Hannah. He died in 1720, aged sixty-nine years ; Israel, son of Samuel, married Waitstill Suuiuer, 1708, and had Sarah (1709), Deborah (1712),Sctli (1714), and Israel. Israel (son of Israel) married Leah, daughter of Joshua Fobes, 1740; settled in Raynham, and had Israel, Nehemiah, Seth, and Oliver.

Israel Washburn was born in Raynham, in the old house which now stands, and where his brother, ICli K., lived and died. In the prime of life he removed te Maine, where he embarked in farming and trade as a country merchant. His sterling talents soon attracted attention, and he was called to stations of trust, representing his town in the Legislature and his county at the Senate board. Eight sons and three daughters were born to him, and under the guiding hand of such parents were educated fur lives of usefulness. Three sons have been Governors of throe different States, and liavc had .seats in Cuiigress for a long term of years All the brothers have been distinguished in their special callings. One has been a major-general in the Union army, another an elector of President (Lincoln) from California, editur of the Alia California, United States minister to South America, author of the " History of Paraguay ;" one has been minister to France for seven years during the French-Prussian war. The seveiitli .son is the fourth member of Congress. Tlireo ul' these brothers are graduates of Bowdoin College. The posterity of John Washburn had reached more than five hundred in number forty years ago. The marriage of John Washburn, Jr., to a daughter of Experience Mitchell, of the Pilgrims, transmitted some of the best blood in the colony to the Wash burns. John Washburn, who donated the land to the First Congregational Society in 1717, was tlie same stock, residing in Bridgewater during his Ion'.; life. The

In the development of tlie various industries of Bridgewater few are entitled to more prominence than Mr. Eleazer Carver, who was early identified the improvement and manufacture of the cottongin. Mr. Carver was the son of Dr. Eleazer Carver, and was born in Bridgewater in 1785. With the limited advantages of liis times, he made the most of his opportunities, and was able to guin what is considered a fair common-school education. The place of his birth was near the works of Lazell, Perkins k Co., and amid .such surroundings his attention was called to the mechanical industry there so prominent. He learned the trade of a millwright, which, with the increase of manufactures, gave promise of ready employment. His genius and energy, after completing his trade, inclined him to seek new fields of labor. The wild regions of " York State" and Ohio were open for the young adventurer. With such a kit of tools as he could carry with him, he made his way over the Alleghauies to visit his friends and ply his trade as best he could, for a time, and then pres.sed into the wildcrne.ss, reaching the Ohio River. With no steamboats or public conveyance, but with the self-reliance of a pioneer, he soon constructed a boat, or " dug-out," and, taking advantage of the current, he made his way to the Mississippi, along the banks of which were a few scattered settlements of frontiersn)en and planters. His mechanical skill found employment in constructing their rude buildings, and, in the region of cotton-planting, in repairing the cottongin, which, with the increase of tiie cotton trade, in consecjuence of its invention, was in general demand. Mr. Carver spent several years in the region of Natchez, and saw the vast productive resources of the great Southwest. It was here that he conceived the great improvement of the cotton-gin. After a most eventful and interesting experience incident to such a life and vocation, he returned to his native town with his plans matured for the manufacture of the improved machine. It was upon his iiomeward journey in the saddle that Mr. Carver first saw the working of the primitive Whitney gin, and examined the model at Washington before tiie burning of the Capitol. In March, 1817, he formed a company under the style and name of Seth and Abram Washburn & Co., which, under the conditions of a new agreement, in 181'J, was called Carver, Washburn & Co., and set up the cottoo-gin business at the site near Carver's Pond. In 1820, Artemas Hale and Nathaniel Washburn became associated in the enterprise, the former of whom was a valuable acquisition to the concern as clerk and business agent. In 1822, Solomon Washburn was admitted into the company. The business, which started with small capital, rapidly increased, until the Carver gin became the leading machine throughout the South.

The improvements which Mr. Carver made gave a new impulse to the great Southern industry, and but a few years later the Southerner in his pride was ready to crown it as " king" among the great products of the country. Mr. Carver spent much time in experiments upon the gin, and his inventive genius was most noticeable for more than a quarter of a century. The importance of this special branch of manufacture founded by Mr. Carver was not confined to his town or State, but its influence was world-wide in its sweep, carrying trade and commerce over many a sea. Cotton-factories sprang up as if by magic throughout New England, and contributed to the great prosperity of the country. Mr. Carver continued in the manufacturing business until his firm wxs dissolved, in 1848, after a prosperous career. Subsequently he had an interest in the East Bridgewater Company, which he retained until near the close of his life. As a citizen Mr. Carver sought no prominent activity in public affairs, but was content with the retirement of his occupation and his study. In constant devotion to the development of his Southern interests, he manifested conservative views, and in all the relations of life, which he sustained with manly independence, he acquired the esteem of a wide circle of friends, and Was adorned with the honor of his achievement. His only son, Joseph E. Carver, succeeded to the business of his father, and has been actively engaged in it for the past forty years, still connected with the Eagle Cotton-Gin Company. Mr. Eleazer Carver died in 1866, aged eighty-one years. His only daughter, Mary, is the wife of Mr. John C. Alden.

Among the men of Bridgewater who are pleasantly remembered for their many virtues and genial social qualities was Mr. Jonathan Cushing. He was a native of Boston, but came to Bridgewater when a boy, in 1800, and was educated at the academy. His first journey to the town was upon horseback with Miss Relief Jacobs, who was the mother of Charles Sumner. Miss Jacobs was learning the trade of a tailoress of Maj. Hartwell, and young Cushing, then fourteen years old, was put in her charge, and occupied the pillion with her in the journey from Scituate to Bridgewater, After leaving the academy he engaged as clerk in the store of Nathan and Isaac Lazell, and subsequently married one of Esquire Lazell's daughters, 1809. He became a merchant in

Boscon, aod was associated with Nathaniel Fisher ' upoQ the school board of the towu and as a trustee of Aiuca, aud for many years carried on a successful | the academy for a generation. As a preacher, Mr. business in the Wc'St India goods trade, and as agents I Gay ranked among the ablest of his denomination, and his catholic spirit opened the pulpits uF the Unitarian Churches in the vicinity, wheie he freand independence at his pleasant home on Main I quently preached with acceptance. He removed from Street until his death, November, 1877, at the age of i Bridgewater in 187tJ, and has since resided at Tuui]jninety-two years. He was esteemed for the many amiable and manly qualities that lend grace aud lustre to a rehned citizensliip. His only daughter is the wife of Charles M. Beed, Esq., of Bridgewater. Rev. David Brigham, soa of David, was born in Westboro', Mass., in 17U4, aud graduated at Uuion College in 1818, aud studied theology with Nathaniel Emmons, D.D., of Franklin, and Rev. Dr. Jacob Ide, of Mcdway, and was ordained Dec. 29, 1819, over the Second Church in Randolph (now Holbrook), where his pastorate continued until 183G. Dec. 29, 183t), be was installed over the IloUis Evangelical Churcli, Framingham, where he remained seven and one-half years. 1815, April 23d, was installed as pastor of the Trinitarian Congregational Church, Bridgewater, where he continued until Dec. 31, 1858. Mr. Brigham subsequently supplied the churches at Falmouth, Plymouth, and various places until the infirmities of age disqualified him for that service. He married Elizabeth 11. Durfee, of Fall River, wlio was born 179G. Both are still living in Bridgewater. Their children are Elizabeth Durfee, 1821 ; David Sewell, 1823; Lucy Harrington, 1827; Charles Durfee, 1831 ; Thomas R., 1834; Martha A., 1837; Mary A., 1839. Mr. Brigham was regarded as an able and faithful minister, and his theological views were esteemed as especially sound by his denomination.

Rev. Ebenezer Gay is a lineal descendant of John Gay, who came to this country in 1G30 in the ship " Mary and John," of the seventh generation. He was born in Walpole, Oct. 11, 1792, entered Harvard College in 1810, and graduated in 1814. In a class of sixty-two who graduated with him but three were kins Cove, N. Y., with his youngest son, Rev. Ebenezer Gay, Jr. He still retains his mental vigor, but great age has withdrawn hira from active life.

Dr. Theodore Edson was born in Bridgewater, Aug. 24, 1793, and was the son of John Edsuu, and brother of the late John Edson. He was educated at the Bridgewater Academy, and graduated at ILirvard College in 1820, with honors. His self-reliance prompted him to gratify an early desire to enter the ministry, towards which his deep religious convictions seemed to point. He took a theological course, and was ordained a deacon of the Episcopal Church iu 1822. On the 6th of March of that year he went to Lowell, and conducted the first religious service at that place since the days of Eliot. A church was extemporized under the direction of BIr. Boot, the ]iioueer manufacturer, aud Mr. Edson was engaged as permanent pastor. In 1825 a new church was erected, under the patronage of Mr. Kirk Boot and Mr. Patrick T. Jackson, and consecrated by Bishop Griswold, who, at the same time, ordained Mr. Edson as the pastor. With marked success in his work. Dr. EdsoD witnessed the rapid growth of the rL-iing city, and for twenty years devoted himself to philanthropic and mission work, in connection with his parish. In 1844 he established the " Rector's Library," which was a blessing to the church and to that growing city. Subsequently he was active in establishing St. Ann's Church. In 1875 he saw the realization of his hopes in the erection of St. Mary's Orphanage, and the following year saw it organized under the statutes. He was not only the first minister of the city, but the leader in educational enterprises for two generations.

living in 1880. He studied theology with Rev. Joshua { For many years he was trustee of Trinity Church, Bates, of Dedham, was ordained over the church in j Bridgewater. He died, greatly beloved and lamented.

Stoughton in 1818, continuing five years, when doctrinal dissensions were the cause of his :isking a dismission. Mr. Gay was called to Scotland, Mass., in 1823, where he had a prosperous ministry for about fil'teeii }'ears. Subsequently the church removed to the Centre of Bridgewater, built a new church, iu which he preached until 1842, when at his own

Rev. Isaac Dunham, son of Isaac Dunham, was born in Plymouth, Jan. 30, 1813, and married Marbra S. Brown, daughter of Rev. Parley Brown, of Douglass, Mass. He was ordained May 29, 1835, in Dennis, Mass., in which town he preached ten years, and thereafter in Pclham, N. H., five years ; Duxrequest he was dismissed. He remained a resident of ' bury, Mass., ten years; Westport, Mass., ten years;

Bridgewater, supplying the churches in the vicinity, temporarily and statedly, for twenty-five years. His interest iu education was manifested in special labor

Taunton, Mass., five years ; when from ill health lie resigned, and removed to Bridgewater, serving for four years as chaplain of the Massachusetts Senate.

History Of Bridgewater

For the past three years lie has supplied various churches as hh health permitted. Mr. DuDliaui has sustaiued a high reputation as an earnest and laithful luiuistor of the gospel. He has one son and one daughter, the latter the wife of Rev. Mr. Hill, of Lynn. He lost one son in the service of his country in the late war of the Rebelliou.

Hon. Elijah Hayward, who died at McConnelsville, Ohio, Sept. 22, 18C4, was a native of Bridgewater, and the eldest son of Elijah Hayward. He was born Nov. 17, 17SG, and was educated by Hon. Beza Hayward, and at the academy. He was in early life engaged iu mercantile affairs, and went to Euglaiid in pui-suit of business. He returned to his home with his plan of life changed, and engaged in the study of law with Judge Nahum Mitchell. He subsequently was admitted to the bar, and went to Ohio, where he became distinguished in his profession. He was DOC only a diligent studeut of law, but was prominent in historical investigation, and was in the latter part of his life engrossed in his favorite antitiuariau and genealogical pursuits. He made fre(|ueut visits to his native town, and was greatly esteemed for his many superior qualities. He ever retained his love for the Old Colony, and was widely known and respected.

Rev. Samuel T. Livermore was born March IG, 1824, and is the son of Abel and Deborah Livermore, of German, Chenango Co., N. Y. At the age of sisteen he left home with the determination of obtaining an education, and by his labor e<irned money to procure books for that purpose. He taught school in 1S41, and in the summer of 1842 pursued his studies at Cortland Academy, at Homer, N. Y., and subsequently taught school at Virginia, near Bowling Green, and at Ciuciunatus in the winter of 1844 - 45. He entered college at Madison University, Hamilton, N. Y., graduating iu 1850. He then spent two years at Rochester Theological Seminary, and was ordained as pastor of the Baptist Church at Livonia, N. Y., October, 1852, retaining the pastorate four and a half years. In 1853 he was married to Melvina T. Brown, daughter of Capt. William Brown, of Fall River. His second pastorate of five and oue-half years was at Cooperstown, N. Y., where he published a history of Cooperstown and Cooper. He Was nest settled at Lowville, N. Y., where he remained five years, after which he spent several years in the life insurance business and as superintendent of agencies. In 1870 he moved his family from Albany, N. Y., to Bridgewater. In 1874 he became pastor of the church at Block Island. While there he published the history of Block Island. During 1881 and 1882 he was engaged on the " Biographical Cyclopedia" of Rhode Island, published by J. H. Cheever, Esq., by subscription, at twenty-five dollars per copy, in one volume. Among the articles which he piLpared for this work may be mentioned tlie sketch of the life of Hon. William Beach Lawrence, of Newport.

Dr. Calvin B. Pratt was a graduate of Amlier.it College (1832), and of Dartmouth (N. H.) Medical College. He practiced medicine fur several years at Hauover, Mass., and settled then in Bridgewater, and continued the practice of his profession until his deutli, which occurred Aug. 25, 18G2. lie was regarded as a physician of good judgment, and possessed those qualities that endeared him to his patients and all with whom he associated. His election to the State Legislature and to various elective offices in the town, is evidence of the esteem in which he was held by his fellow-citizens. He married Mary, daughter of Mr. Jacob Perkins, and had two sons, Henry T. and Calvin Pratt, M.D., and two daughters, Mary Barton and Sarah. Dr. Pratt was most warm-hearted and sympathetic in his nature, and exemplified the best traits of the good physician. His death was most sincerely mourned, and the town regarded his demise, while hardly past the prime of life, a public loss. His second son, Calvin, inherited the best traits of his honored father, making choice of the same profession, and is settled in his native town with a. successful practice. His youngest son, Jonathan Washburn, is also a physician, and is connected with the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.

Dr. Nahum Washburn, who was the pioneer in the practice of dentistry in Southeastern Mas.sachusetts, was the third son of Solomon Washburn, of Bridgewater, and of a family of nine sons and two daugliters. Dr. Washburn was fitted for college at the academy in Bridgewater, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1832. He early disclosed a taste for scientific study, and made choice of the profession of medicine, becoming a member of the Massachu.setts Medical Society in 1835. He subsequently studied dentistry, and settled in Bridgewater, where he had an extensive practice for forty years. His native genius and skill won for him a reputation that extended to distant towns and cities, and he received the patronage of distinguished persons, even from beyond the limits of the State. With untiring industry he made himself master of his profession, while his rare conversational gift dissipated much of the dread that usually surrounds the dentist's chair. His inventive genius produced most of the delicate instruments used in his profession, and a mill for grinding rock crystal for the manufacture of teeth. He was a close observer and an enthusiastic lover of nature, which rendered his compauionsiiip entertaining and instructive. His defective vision compelled the reliniiuishnient of his profession about ten years ago, but his racntal vigor i was unabated, and his declining years were spent in i the f|uiet of his historic home, surrounded with family ! and friends, in whose society he ever had the highest interest. He was never an active participant in public at}';iirs, but was thoroughly informed upon the leading questions of the day, while his shafts of wit and sarcasm were never withheld against the follies of the times. His <leath took place Dec. 28, 18S3, at the age of seventy-seven years.

John Ames was one of the original proprietors of Bridgewater, and married Elizabeth Hayward in 1045. He was a man of largo estate, but having no children deeded his property to his nephew, John Ames, son of his brother William, of Braintree, and to the sons of his said nephew. He died in 1689. John, nephew of John, married Sarah, daughter of John Willis, and came to Bridgewater (West Precinct) in 1G72. Dr. Nathaniel Ames, a grandson of John, was born July 22, 1708, was distinguished as a mathematician and as the maker of almanacs, publishing his tii'St in 1725 ; these were published regularly by himself and son until 17ti5. He removed to Dedhani, and was father of the distinguished Fisher Ames, who graduated from Harvard College in 1774. The late Oliver and Oakes Ames, of Easton, were descendaut.s from the same ancestry.

Hon. Lloyd Parsons, a native of Middleboro', was a resident of Bridgewater lor thirty years, and well known for his many excellent traits of character. Ho was for many years agent of the Eagle Cotton- Gin Company, and traveled widely through the South. He was a gentleman of most courteous manners, of clear intellect, which was recognized by his townsmen in calling him'to various places of responsibility. He wa.s identified with the Republican party, and for two years represented the town in the State Legislature. Subsequently he was State senator for two years, serving his district with acceptance and ability. He was for several years president of the Bridgewater Savings- Bank, which office he held at the time of his death, in 1882, and also trustee and treasurer for a time of the Plymouth County Agricultural Society. Por many years he was a leader in musical circles, po-^scssing rare and discriminating taste for that delightful and elevating science. His death was deeply lamented by the wide circle of his acquaintance, and by Fellowship Lodge of F. and A. M., of which he was a Past Master. His age was sixty-six years.

Dean Willis, was born in Bridgewater July 12, 1838 ; was educated at Bridgewater Academy, and at the State Normal School; graduated at Amherst College (18(52), and was teacher of the high school at Weymouth, and subse<iuently of the high school at Jamaica Plain, and later was appointed sub-master of the English high school, Boston. In 1S72, on account of his wife's health, he resigned the position in Boston, and went South, where ho was ordained as a minister of a colored church in Marion, Alabama. Here for two years he was engaged in teaching and in Christian work, with a devotion that reflected the spirit of the true missionary of the cross. Thus engaged, he was on his way to renew his labors among a benighted people, when, within a few hours' ride of his destination, he and his wife met with a tragic death by railroad accident. He died Sept. 21, 1874, and his wife survived but a few days. Mr. Willis' life was a remarkable example of devotion to duty, and his memory is cherished as a marked instance of self-sacrifice among the poor and lowly. Memorial services of the most deeply interesting character were held at the church in Bridgewater, in which the scholarly, Christian character of the devoted couple was most touchingly delineated by Rev. H. D. Walker and Rev. George W. Ilosmer. Mr. ^Villis left one son, who escaped death in the accidLMit that was fatal to his parents.

Lewis Holmes, son of Joseph Holmes, of Plymouth, was born Sept. 17, 180b'; settled in Bridgewater in 1834, and for twenty-five years was in trade as a merchant in the village ; was elected town clerk and treasurer in 1847 to 1850, and again town clerk from 1859 to 1873, and again treasurer from ISiJ!) to 1SG7. He was appointed postmaster in 1SG2, and has held the office to the present time; was a member of the Legislature in 1873; justice of the peace from 18G2 to the present time; and trial justice ten years. He was active in the early anti-slavery cause, and called the first meeting in the interest of that cause in 1839. His service as postmaster has been such as has won the popular favor of the citizens, and his kind aud accommodating spirit is likely to direct that uffice until age and infirmity disqualifies him from its duties. Mr. Holmes has ever taken a lively interest in public affairs, and has been a pronounced Republican in politics since the organization of that party. His health is still vigorous for one of his advanced age. Few men have so long been identified with the atfairs of the town, and none could more faithfully fill the place which he has so long occupied as postmaster.

Berkley, Mass., was born in that town July 9, 1823. His education was received in the public and private schools of his native town, and at the age of sixteen years he was placed in the office of a coiumisaion merchant in New York City. In 1844 he became associated with his uncle, Morton Eddy, a merchant in Brid^ewater, and continued in that relation for four years, when Mr. Eddy retired from the business. Since 1848, Mr. Crane has carried on the store business alone. He was early active in politics, and cast his first vote in 1844 for the candidates of the Liberty party, having been present at the organization of that party in Boston. Mr. Crane was subsequently active in the local political organizations, and was a delegate to the Worcester Convention that organized the Republican party, at which Judge Charles Allen presided. For about twenty years he was chaii'nian of the Republican town committee, and for many years was a member of the State Republican Committee. He was elected representative to the General Court in 1856, and was the candidate for re-election in 1857. In 18C1, upon the breaking out of the Rebellion, when party lines were in a measure dissolved, he was chosen senator from the South Plymouth District, and was again elected by almost a unanimous vote the following year, the Democracy of the district making no nomination against him. He participated in two elections of Charles Sumner to the United States Senate by the Legislature, and served on the Committee.*! on Claims and on Mercantile Aflfairs and Insurance. Mr. Crane served the town for ten years as town clerk and treasurer, being first elected in 1855. For thirty years he has been connected with the Plymouth County Agricultural Society in various capacities, and was for a number of years treasurer and a member of the board of the trustees. He delivered the historical address on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the society, Sept. 30, 18C9. For the past twelve years he has been chairman of the board of trustees of the Bridgewater State Work-House, and for nearly twenty years has been a member of the board of trustees of the Bridgewater Academy, being active in the erection of the present school building. Mr. Crane has long been actively identified with the Central Square Church, and was chairman of the building committee when the present church edifice Was erected, in 18G1.

For a quarter of a century Mr. Crane has been a correspondent of the newspapers in this vicinity, and his historical sketches have been of interest to people of antiquarian tastes.

daughter of Quincy Reed, of Weymouth, and has six children, - Joshua E. Crane, Jr. (a graduate of Brown University), Charles Reed (of Covington, Ky.), Morton Eddy, Henry Lovell, Anna Howe, and Edward Appleton. Mr. Crane is a lineal de- .scendaut of Henry Crane, of Dorchester, and on his mother's side from Samuel Eddy, one of the Pilgrim band at Plymouth (1630). His mother was Lydia Eddy, daughter of Capt. Joshua Eddy, of the Revolution.

Capt. Abram Washburn, son of Capt. Abram, born 1779, whose home was adjoining Mr. Hale's estate, was for two generations an active citizen of the town. The hotel was erected through his enterprise, and nearly all the mill-sites for ten miles around have the marks of his handiwork. In all public enterprises he was foremost, and he was esteemed as a reliable, largehearted man. The wall around the old burial-ground was one of the monuments of his generosity and public spirit. For many years of his early life he was the village blacksmith, and he was a life-long supporter of the First Congregational Parish. He left no children. His wife was Mary, daughter of Dr. Eleazer Carver, married 1804.

Nathan Willis, a lineal descendant of one of the original proprietors, is a resident of the town, and possessed of many of the characteristics of the family. His quiet and industrious life has not only been devoted to his farm and trade, but in good measure to that profitable reading that is the foundation of a well-stored and cultivated mind. Mr. Willis has ever been held in high respect, and is now among the few that well remember the scenes at the old townmeetings before the town was divided.

Charles M. Reed was born in Lexington, Sept. 12, 1819, and was the son of Charles Reed, a prominent und public-spirited citizen of that town. He was educated in the schools of his native town, and was early in life placed in a wholesale dry-goods store in Boston. Active and energetic, he, soon after attaining his majority, entered business in the firm of Pierce, Clark & Reed, dry-goods commission merchants. He was married, October, 1844, to Mi^s Mary Gushing, daughter of Jonathan Gushing, Esq., of Bridgewater. He was for twenty-five years engaged in business in Boston, and subsequently was engaged in business in New York City. Since 1875 he has been in Bridgewater. In 1883 he represented his district in the State Legislature, and was active and efficient in the promotion of the interests of his constituents. His only son, Charles H. Reed, a proiuinent merchaot and a much-esteemed member of State. His modest worth and unostciitatiou.-i beariug the Boston scliool board and a "raduato of Nurwicli i has won the esteem of his business associates and tlie University, was accideuially killed by falling tlirougb i cummuuity wherever he has resided. His liome, a hatehway in liis store, July 31, 18S2. This crush- \ wiiich is the mansion formerly owned by the late iiig blow was sustained by Mr. Reed witli a manly | Capt. Thomas G. Jewett, is the seat uf a moit geiiereourage and fortitude seldom surpassed. Mr. Kced ] ous hospitality, and his reputation as a sterliiiLr. largeis slill a resident of Bridgewater, where he is greatly : hearted merchant has lung been establi=lied. His respected. eldest son, William, is associated with him in the

Business Men. - The firm of Hooper & Clark, famous business house at Albany, composed uf Avery F. Hooper and P. 0. Clark, liavc i Capt. Edwin W. Barstow, a well-known ?liipma.-ter a large business at the old store of the Bridgewater for thirty years, and a mereliant fur many years in Iron Company. \ New York, was, early in life, a residuot of Bridge-

J. E. Crane, general store, Central Square, since [ water, and continued sucli until his deaili. May It!, 18i-t. j 1877. He commanded the ship -' Bridgewater" fur

John H. Fairbanks, hardware, stoves, etc., was j many years, which was one of the largest class of vesborn in Boston, Nov. 4, 1834 ; settled in Bridge- ] sels in the foreign trade. He was dislingui.-hed for water in 18G3. I his hospitality and high social qualities. The religious

William Prophett, furniture, etc., born in England ' society with which he was connected lor,t a liberal in 1S34, son of John, settled in Bridgewater in 1858. contributor by his death, and the town one of its must

Nahum Washburn, apothecary, son of Nahum, born public-spirited citizens, and his f.uuily a uiu.-^t alTcc- July 3U, 1839, graduated at the College of Pharmacy j lionate husband and father. He left two suos and in Boston, 1872; established business in Bridgewater \ three daughters. His age was sixty-six years. in 1874. i Philip D. Kingman, son of Bcla Kingman, was a

Herbert Pratt, dry goods. A. I. Simmons, market. 0. B. Cule, apothecary. Suuthworth Harlow, blacksmith. Richard W. Wilber, boots and shoes. H. T. Pratt, printer. Jerome B. Rogers, stoves, etc. Joshua Gibbs, harness-maker. John \V. Perkins, groceries. Joseph A. Bowman, expressman. Sturtevaut Brothers, groceries. John Douevan & Co., groceries. John G. & Henry Branian, painters. A. S. Lyon, Ambrose Keith, George Hayward, builders.

Mr. William M. Whitney, a distinguished merchant of Albany, N. Y., has been a resident of Bridgewater since 1873. He is a native uf Boston, and was born Jan. 12, 1829. Mr. Whitney is a gentleman of large business capacity, and ranks among the foremost of successful merchants of the Empire

I 1834. He held the office of deputy sherilf lor lurty years, and was agent of the Hingham Insurance Com- ' pany for thirty years. He was a man of guud ability, . and as a law-officer had a wide reputation. He was I not only highly esteemed by the courts as an efficient and faithful officer, but in the more private relations of domestic life he was an example of those virtues that adorn the home and fireside. His life was one of great activity, and he was widely known throughout the county. liis death was much lamented and his funeral largely attended by tlic legal officers and members of the bar of the county. I Ho left a widow and three sons, F. M. Kingman, j of East Bridgewater; Hosea Kinginati, the wclli known attorney-at-law ; Bradford S. Kingman, of

Newmarket, N. H. I Mr. Ira M. Couant is the son of Ira Cunant, and was born in Bridgewater, Jan. 3, 1827, educated at the old academy, and was clerk in a store when a boy with Cobb & Sawin, and also with Lewis Ilulmes. He subsequently was in company with Mr. Ilulmes for a few years, and then engaged in business at Attleboro', where he resided for several years, and carried on a dry -goods store. He sub.sei|uently embarked in tlie manufacture of hoop-skirts, and traii.^- ferred his business to Boston, where, with his brother, it was enlarged and successfully carried uu. The firm then engaged in the manufacture uf gussamer rubber goods, and were the pioneers in that enter- prise. This proved a popular business stroke and also a ])rofituble one. About eighteen years ago Mr. Conaiit took up his residence in Bridgewater and purclia.sed the fine estate and mansion of George W. Bassett, which he now occupies. Starting in life without the aid of any one, he has by good judgment and good fortune won the goal of his highest ainbiliun. Mr. Conant has ever held a good position among his fellow-citizens, and was, when a resident of Atlleboro', a repn^<entalive of that town in the State Legislature. He is a courteous and large-hearted gentleman, ready to lend his influence to promote the best welfare of the town. He has taken a lively interest in the Central Square Society for many years, and is a liberal contributor to its support. He married Mary, daughter of the late George Bassett (1850), and ha.s three sons.

Scotland Trinitarian Congregational Church. - The Scotland Church was organized July 4, 1836, being composed of that portion of the church that remained when the original church removed to the centre of the town. This organization consisted of thirty-two members, retaining the same covenant and articles of faith to which they had subscribed. Ezra Fobes and Isaac Fobes were chosen deacons. Rev. Stetson Raymond became the pastor the same year, continuing until 1851.

In August, 1851, Rev. D. D. Tappan became the minister, remaining a little more than a year. Rev. Cyrus Mann supplied the pulpit the following year until May, 1853, when Rev. James Farnsworth was called, and was installed September 1st of that year. Rev. Dr. Stori-s, of Braintree, preaching the sermon. Jlr. Farnsworth died in the midst of his duties on Sunday morning, Nov. 12, 1854, while reading his sermon preparatory to service, overwhelming his family and people with grief. The pulpit was then supplied by Rev. Otis Roekwood for more than a year. January, 1857, Rev. James C. Seagrave became the minister, continuing with special acceptance for about eight years. The church was subsequently supplied by Rev. A. G. Duucan (six years). Rev. Isaac Dunham ( live years), and for several years has enjoyed the ministry of Rev. Charles W. Wood, formerly of Campello. The original members of this church are nearly all deceased. The church has, in view of its losses by death and removals, shown a degree of vitality and spiritual life that is to be commended. The Scotland meeting-house was built and dedicated Jau. 29, 1823.

In the expedition against Nova Scotia, in 1755, Lieut. Jonathan Carver and twelve men were under Gen. Winslow; in the expedition against Crown Point were Capt. Joseph Wa.shburn and thirty-four men ; in Capt. James House's company from Sept. 15, 1755, to Jan. 1, 1756, were Corp. Obadiah Edson and five men.

In the company of Capt. John Loring, of the East Precinct, on the Crown Point expedition, from February to December, 1756, were fourteen men, and in May of the same year sixteen additional men were raised for the same officer.

Rev. Mr. Backus, under date of May 10, 1758, writes, ** 'Tis remarkable to see what a martial spirit prevails among us. Nearly twenty soldiers are going out of Titicut Precinct, among whom are Brethren Harvey, Campbell, and Wood, likewise Joahua Fobes, John Wood, and many others, who attend our meetin^TS. There appears in our part of the land an uncommon forwardness to enlist.'*

Two months later he writes, *- The rumors of slaughter, and garments rolled in blood, which we have from our army, fill many with distressing agitations of mind."

In Capt. Simeon Gary's company in Col. Doty a regiment, raised in the spring of 1758 for the reduction of Canada, were Lieut. Lemuel Dunbar, Serj. Eliphalet Cary, Corp. James Allen, and ninety-six men. In Capt. William Augier's company in Col. Williams' regiment, there were fifteen men, three in Capt. Foster's, and one man in Capt. Newhall's.

In 1759, the year that witnessed the capture of Quebec, Massachusetts furnished about seven thousand men, or one-bixth of all who were able to bear arms.

In Col. Thomas Clapp's regiment, to be placed under Gen. Amherst for the invasion of Canada, April 12, 1759, were officers Lemuel Dunbar, Eliphalet Phillips, Josiah Dunbar, and eighty-eight men.

History Of Bridge Water

Historical Record. - 1774. The following account of the action taken by the citizens of Bridgewater is of interest in relation to Col. Josiah Edson, a mandamus councilor under the English government. At a full meeting of the town on Monday, Aug. 24, 1774, they unanimously voted the following resolves :

*'lst. Renolveii, That those persons who have taken the necessary oaths, and thereby qualitied themselves to act as members of his ilajestie's Council, according to a. late act of Parliament have forfeited the love, regard, and contjdcnce of their fellow-countrymen, and rendered themselves obnoxious to their just rc^eulnlent and indignation.

" I'd. lleeiilved, That until the aforesaid persons utterly retract from and renounce their appointment they shall be esteemed iiiveierate enemies to their native country, lost to a sense of honor or humanity, and by their own voluntary exertions arc still pursuing a total subvertion of our charter and CousLitutiou. And whereas sundry of the aforesaid gentlemen, conscious of having rendered themselves obnoxious to their fellow-townsmen, have deserted their proper place of abode.

" Sd. yftr«o(Dc</, That while any of them persist in retaining their aforesaid |ilaces as Councellors we will in nowise lend them the least aid or protection, but, ou the contrary, treat them with all the contempt and neglect that such unparalleled conduct deserves.

" -Itli. lieitvlfeilf That a committee be chosen to confer with Col. Josiah Edson and demand bis resignatioti, and in case of his acriuiescence, or refusal, to report to this body at their adjournment.

"5th. JtetoUeJ, That Messrs. Edward Mitchell, Nathan Mitchell, Uicbard Perkins, Nathaniel Keynolds, and Thomas Hooper be a committee to join Congress with the several committees in the other towns in the County."

At a full meeting of the inhabitants of the town at their adjourned meeting, September 12th, the committee appointed to confer with Col. Edson and to demand his resignation reported that the continued absence of Col. Josiah Edson prevented their laying the before-mentioned resolves before the town. Then that body voted as follows :

" Jienolved, That Col. Josiah Edson and others have long since and still continue in a perfidious, treacherous, and deceitful manner, and under pretence of being friends to the Government, to undermine the very foundations of our ancient Cunstitiitiun by openly opposing at all times men and measures tli:it are endeavoring and designing to frustrate the evil intentions of the British Ministry, working swiftly our ruin, openly and boldly declaring against the subject's right of resistance, using every means in their power to baffle Town-Meetings on political atfairs, and many such enormities, have forfeited the love, regard, and confidence of this town, and they are declared enemies, and until to be trusted in any office again.

'* JUaolieU mid voced. That we will each of us (training soldiers and otherwise) provide ourselves immediately with every military accoutrement, and be ready to start to the assistance of any of our countrymen if needed.

" Jieautcedf That a Committee of Correapondeoce be chosen to confer with the other towns in the Province. Accordingly they made choice of Thomas Ames, Edward Mitchell, Richard Perkins, Eleazer Cary, Nathan Mitchell, Nathaniel Reynolds, Simeon Cary, Thomas Hooper, and David Kingman, coiumittee.

'* Htsolved and voted. That a committee be chosen to consider of the necessity and expediency of speedily providing the town with a large stock of military stores for the defence of thetuselves, wives, children, and estates, and that they report at the adjournment of this meeting the ways and means most etfectual to answer so desirable an intention."

The proceedings of these meetings indicate the patriotic spirit of the town one hundred years and more ago. Col. Edson, who.se adherence to the British government was the special cause of this action of the town, was a graduate of Harvard College, and u man distinguished in public affairs. He left his homo and family and joined the British about the time of the first-mentioned meeting, and died soon after. He owned the house on Central Square now owned by Mrs. Nahum Washburn. His son owned the old Withington house, and died before the close of the Revolution.

Col. Edward Mitchell, one of the Committee of Correspondence, lived in the East Parish, and was grandson of Experience Milchell, the Pilgrim, and grandfather of Judge Nahum Mitchell, the historian. Thomas Ames, who was one of the committee, was, we think, the grandfather of the late Oliver Amos, and father of Rev. Sylvanus Ames. David Kingman was grandfather of the late Ezra Kingman, of East Bridgewater, and of the wife of Professor Greenleaf, of Harvard College, and Mrs. Ralph Sanger, of Dover. Simeon Cary, another of the committee, was grandfather of Mrs. John Reed. Eleazer Cary was grandfather of Governor Marcus Morton, and ^roat- >:randfather of C. C. Gilbert, of Boston, and of Judge Marcus Morton. All of tlie couimittce were more or less distinguished for their prominence and activity in supporting our cause tlirough all the dark and trying years of the Revolution, and their descendants have likewise been disliiiguished in the various walks of life. The posterity of Col. Edson have been numerous in this vicinity.,

The early records of the town but faintly outline the sacrifices, sufferings, and privations incident to tlie war of the Revolution. Nearly all the men of proper age were called into the service, leaving the wives and children with the men who were advanced in years to till the soil for a scanty subsistence. But enough is recorded to awaken admiration, and to inspire grateful acknowledgment from their descendants. Among the soldiers of Bridgewater, probably none rendered more efficient service than Capt. Abram Washburn, who was early detailed in the quartermaster's department. He was engaged all through the war in collecting and purchasing beef for the Continental army, traversing tlie scattered settlements from Cape Cod to the most distant borders of New England, with a squad of men, who drove the cattle to Cambridge, where they were slaughtered.

1781. It was voted to complete the payment of the uiue mouths' men, the three mouths' meu ; also tu defray the charge for horses raised in town for the army, in silver at six shillings per dollar. The balance paid the soldiers, as above, was £632 2i-. Id.

1775, March 20. At a meeting of the precinct, John Willis, Esq., moderator, voted to recommend to the captains of the several companies of militia in the parish that they immediately call forth their companies and endeavor to enlist a company of soldiers who shall hold themselves in readiness to march at the shortest notice, when certain information shall be by them received from proper authority that the inhabitants within the province shall be invaded, in their persons or property, by any foreign enemy ; and in case the Provincial Congress do not order them (and each of them) suitable payment for such service, then the parish will pay and satisfy each man a reasonable sum according to his service rendered :

" VotcJ, That this jiarish will grant to each man, aa well ofticers us soldiers, that for each twenty-four hours tliey or either of them sliull be necessarily detained froiu home u|Min such alarm by the order of the captain, as afore?aiil, four shillings of lawful money.

Even amid the perplexities of war the school was sustained, and this was largely through the infiuence of the devoted minister of the parish. Dr. Shaw.

1779. The town chose a committee to fix the prices of labor and of the various articles of produce, not excepting that of New England rum. The price of labor upon the farm was three shillings from April to October, and two shillings sixpence the remainder of the year. The committee were eighteen in number, including the selectmen.