Plymouth Town (part 20 of 54)

Muster-roll of Capt. James Allen's conipuuy, in Col. John Bailey's regiment of foot in the Continental army, encamped at Roxbury, April 19, 1776:

Levi Leach served in the East Bridgewater Company at Plymouth, Andrew Conant also served in the same company. Joseph Hall was in the Light Infantry, under Capt. Cyrus Alden, and went to Boston. Jacob Conant, Otis Hayward, Benjamin H. Keith, Eaton Aldrich, Henry Monroe, Gardner Wilbur, and Nathan Bassett were at the Gurnet,

The rifle company organized in about 1S19, by Samuel Leonard, who was captain ; Abram Wasliburn, lieutenant and color bearer; Drummer, Martin Benson ; Fifer, Enoch Conant.

Willard Wood was the youngest member of the company, which consisted of forty men, nearly all under age. Of this company six are still living, viz., Thomas Cushman, Thomas Hooper, Scillmun Tucker, Willard Wood, Benjamin Bryant, and Martin Benson. Abram Washburn succeeded Samuel Leonard as captain.

The following-named men were of the Second Company of Bridgewater, South Precinct, and served in the East Bridgewater Company at Plymouth , 1814:

Tlie reluin of peace abated uone of the interest in military affairs, and tlie organizations were kept up a rank and file of sixty-two men on the roll of the Bridgewater company, in 1818, with the following officers :

From this date the military spirit declined in the Old Colony, and not until the outbreak of the Rebellion was it common to see a company of soldiers on parade. But it only required an occasion to call into the field a goodly number of young men of the town, not a few of whom were the descendants of those who had rendered loyal and patriotic service in the war of the Revolution.

the valor of the men of Bridgewater, and the roll of honor that grace its ancient banner contained the names of some of the best blood of the colony. The record cannot fail to impress their posterity with the value of the institutions which they enjoy, and that were secured at such a cost.

The "War of the Rebellion. - The outbreak of the great Rebellion aroused the patriotism of the citizens of Bridgewater, and in answer to the call for troops there was a prompt response from the first call, April 15, 1861. The first town-meeting touching the subject was held April 20, 18G1, and it was voted to hold in reserve the sum of fourteen hundred dollars, appropriated at a previous meeting for the repairs of highways, and the selectmen were instructed to request the county commissioners not to lay out any new roads until we see to what extent we shall be called upon to exert ourselves in the defense of the country.

Voted, To pay each volunteer ten dollars per month while in the military service, also to provide aid for his family; and if any volunteer shall be killed in battle or die of disease his children shall receive a proper education, and be put to some honorable calling or pursuit, " not as a charity, but as a debt due."

Voted, That each volunteer be furnished with a revolver and a bowie-knife. Artemas Hale, Joseph A. Hyde, Mitchell Hooper, Lafayette Keith, and Joshua

The call by the President, May 3, ISOI, lor volunteers for three years, unless sooner discharged, was largely responded to, and the committee, E. II. Keith,

F. D. King, Arthur Byrnes, and B. F. Winslow, reported that eighty-five citizens had .signed a roll. There was an attempt to organize a company of three months' men, but as the government would not accept them many enlisted for three years. The town had freifuent meetings to encourage enlistments, and in the succeeding calls for men show no abatement of the patriotic spirit. July 17, 18G2, the town voted that it would raise thirty-six volunteers as their share of the number called for by the government, and also voted to pay each volunteer one hundred and sixty dollars, provided that he enlist within sixty days. In addition to the bounty olfered by the town, there were liberal subscriptions by the citizens, and many that were drafted, or liable to draft, but whose circumstances rendered it difficult for them to serve their country, furnished substitutes. The town hall ! Was for a time a recruiting office, and the departure 1 of troops with martial music was of frequent occur- ; rence.

July 18, 1864. The call for fifty-seven men came, and the citizens promptly raised thirteen thousand four hundred and twenty-seven dollars by subscription, the Bridgewater Iron Company subscribed of this sum three thousand five hundred and thirtythree dollars, and one hundred persons subscribed fifty dollars, and two hundred and fifty persons subscribed sums less than fifty dollars to make up the balance.

There was a committee, of which Eli Washburn was chairman, that kept the quota full, and at the close of the war the town had a surplus of forty men in the service over and above all demands. The total number of men furnished by the town was about four hundred and eleven. The total amount appropriated and expended for war purposes, exclusive of State aid, was twenty-nine thousand nine hundred dollars. The total amount of money raised and expended for State aid during the war was $15,083.07. The latest action of the town relative to tlie war was April 2G, 18G6, when the following resolutions were offered by Samuel Breck, Esq., and it was voted that they be accepted :

" 1st. That the people of Bridgewater jield to no body of mea on eai-tli ia deep devotion to the interest and -honor of tlie country, will not raise by taxation or otherwise any sum of money whatever to refund uiooeys contributed by individuals to rele:i^e theinsolvea or others from the military service of the country in the time of great public danger.

" «d. That to the gallant men of Bridgewater, who, during the lale Itebellion, in scorching sunshine and drenching storm, j in the muddy camp by night, and in the toilsoute march by day, in the tierce assault and furious battle with constancy and courage faced the enemies of their country, we tender our hi'artic:)t thanks, our warmest aduiirution."

George L. Andrews, eldest son of Manasseh An- I drews, was born in Bridgewater, Aug. 31, 1828, and was educated at the academy and the State Normal cadet at West Point United States Military Academy, , from which he graduated with the first honors. He was appointed brevet second lieutenant United States paign against the city of Mobile and its defenses." He served with Gen. Patterson on the Upper Potomac; with Gen. Banks in Shenandoah Valley, being engaged in several skirmishes and in the battle of Winchester, May 25, 1862; with Gen. Pope, being engaged in the battle of Cedar Mountain, Aug. 9, 1862; with the Army of the Potomac, under Gen. McClellan, in the Maryland campaign of 1862, being engaged in the battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862; (brwarding troops, etc., to Gen. Banks, at New Orleans, in 1863; chief of staff to Gen. Banks, March 6 to July 9, 1863 ; in command of United States colored troops. Department of the Gulf, July 10, 1863, to Fob. 13, 1865; and of District of Baton Rouge and Fort Hudson, Dec. 28, 1864, to February, 1865 ; provost-marshal-general of the Army of the Gulf, June 6, 1865 ; appointed professor of French at the United States Military Academy, Feb. 28, 1871. The professorship he still holds.

Gen. Samuel Breck, son of Samuel Breck, Esq., born Feb. 25, 1834, entered the Military Academy at West Point July 1, 1851 ; graduated and appointed second lieutenant First Artillery July 1, 1855 ; first lieutenant, 1861 ; captain, staff assistant adjutant-general, Nov. 29, 1861 ; major, staff additional aide-decamp. May 23, 1862; brevet lieutenant-colonel, Sept. 24, 1864, for meritorious and faithful .service during the Rebellion ; colonel, March 13, 1865, " for diligent, faithful, and meritorious services in the adjutant-general's department during the Rebellion ;" brevet brigadier-general United States army, March 13, 1865. Breck served in Florida against the Indians, 1855-56 ; in garrison at Fort Moultrie, S. C, 1856-57; at Fort Henry, Ark., to Fort Clark, Texas, 1859; at Fort Moultrie, S. C, 1859-60 ; and at Military Academy, 1860-61 ; as assistant professor of geography, history, ethics, Sept. 14, 1860 ; principal assistant till Dec. o, 1861 ; served against the Rebellion in the seceding States, 1861-66; assistant adjutant-general in Gen. McDowell's division (Army of Potomac) in defenses of Washington, D. C, Dec. 9, 1861, to March 24, 1862 ; as assistant adjutant-general First Army Corps, March 24, 1862 ; Department of Rappahannock, April to June 20, 1862 ; engaged in the oecupation of Fredericksburg, Va., and expedition to intercept retreat of Gen. Jackson, Rlay and June, 1862; subsequently in charge of rolls and business pertaining to enlisted men of the regular and volunteer forces; has been also stationed in charge of the Department of California, and now at Fort Snelling, Minn.

The following are the names of soldiers who died in the war of the Rebellion, and whose names are inscribed on the tablets in the memorial hall :

History Op Bridgewater

There are many other soldiers, who enlisted from Bridgewater, of whom much could be said creditable to their valor in the service of their country, did space permit.

Capt. Nahum Leonard, Jr., son of Cupt. Nahum Leonard, was born in West Bridgewater, Sept. 24, 1825. He was educated at the Bridgewater Normal School, and was for a few years engaged in teaching school ; studied law with Judge Richardson, of Lowell, and was admitted to the bar in 1852. He was in the practice of his profession in the West for a few years, and then returned to Massachusetts. Upon the breaking out of the Rebellion he volunteered as a private, Aug. 31, 1862 ; was commissioned and mustered second lieutenant March 23, 1864 ; transferred from Fortieth Regiment to the Fifty-eighth Regiment April, 1864 ; mustered in Company C, 18G4, and mustered first lieutenant Aug. 8, 1864 ; captain in Company I, Nov. 1, 1864 ; appointed judge advocate, Second Division of Ninth Army Corps, May, 1865, holding the appointment until mustered out, July 14, 1865. Capt. Leonard did valiant and patriotic service as a soldier, and won the respect and enduring friendship of his associates and companions in arms. He was appointed to the superintendence of the State Work-House in 1872 ; retaining the place with credit to himself and the commonwealth for twelve years, when he tendered his resignation. He has represented his native town in the State Legislature, and is held in high esteem by all who are favored with his acquaintance.

L. Dow Monroe enlisted from Plympton, March, 1862, as a private in Company A, Heavy Artillery, stationed at Fort Warren ; served two years, and was promoted to second lieutenant in the Fifty-eighth Massachusetts Regiment Infantry in 1864, serving through the campaign ; was promoted to first lieutenant; was taken prisoner with seven officers and ninety-one men, Sept. 30, 1864 ; taken to Petersburg, Va., and sub.sequently, in October, sent to Libby Prison, Richmond, and thence to Salisbury, N. C. ; thence to Danville, Va., where he was confined till abdut a week before his exchange, when he was sent back to Richmond; released Feb. 22, 1865 ; received a furlough and came home ; returned to Farmville, Va., April 9, 1865 ; was mustered out with the regiment July 14, 1865.

For the past ten years Mr. Monroe has kept the Hyland House, Bridgewater, and has a family of four sons and two daughters. Mrs. Monroe is the daughter of Col. Thomas E. Loring, a native of Plympton.

third assistant engineer ; served on board United States steamer "Augusta" till September, 1863; then as fleet engineer's assistant; was promoted June 6, 1864, to acting second assistant, and had command, for about three months, of ships " Edward" and " India," which were the repair-shops of the squadron ; subsequently was in charge of stores for South Atlantic Squadron, which position he held till date of his resignation, June 23, 1866.

Granville Gould enlisted June, 1864, and served on board United States steamer " Fort Donelsou" as yeoman, paymaster's steward, and afterwards as paymaster's clerk ; wa.'» engaged in both battles of Fort Fisher. Discharged July 20, 1865.

Lucius Pierce, son of Albert Pierce, enlisted in the navy at New Orleans, and served on a gunboat, and was killed by the explosion of a boiler, June 16, 1866.

Richard A. Breck, a graduate of the Naval Academy of the class of 1869, son of Samuel Breck, was master on the United States steamer " Yantic ;" was accidentally drowned at Amoy, China, Sept. 22, 1874. He was a young man of high character and most amiable and manly qualities. His steady advancement in the service gave promise of a life of great usefulness, and his untimely death was deeply deplored by the officers of the department and his associates. A massive granite monument was erected to his memory by the officers of the " Yantic."

Plymouth County Agricultural Society. - The Plymouth County Agricultural Society, whose grounds and hall are located in Bridgewater, was organized in 1819, with the following officers: President, Hon. Daniel Howard, of West Bridgewater ; Vice-Presidents, Hon. Wilks Wood, of Middleboro', Rev. Morrill Allen, of Pembroke ; Trustees, Abiel Washburn, Nahum Mitchell, Charles Turner, Benjamin Barker, Obediah Lyon, James Thatcher, Elisha Ruggles, Samuel Frazier, John Thomas, Benjamin Fearing, William Bourne, Phineas Hammond ; Recording Secretary, Bartholomew Brown ; Treasurer, William Davis ; Sub-Treasurers, Zachariah Eddy and Nathaniel Gurney. The society was duly incorporated June 11, 1819.

This society has liad a prosperous history as one of the acknowledged and valued agencies in the promotion of the cause of agriculture in the Old Colony. It located its permanent exhibitions in Bridgewater in 1824, where they have been held until the present time. The present beautiful site for the exhibition was purchased in 1855, and the hall was erected in 1856. Joseph Chamberlain, Amasa Howard, George W. Wood, and Spencer Leonard, Jr., were the building committee. Beojamin Hobart having served for two years as president with zeal in the promotion of the enterprise, was succeeded by Charles G. Davis, who continued his service in that capacity for fifteen years or more with great acceptance.

The park and cxhibitiou hall, with other buildings and appurtenances, extended and enlarged from time to time to meet the growing needs of the society, have involved the expenditure of fully sisty-five thousand dollars. Hon. B. W. Harris succeeded Mr. Davis as president, and gave to the society his earnest support and encouragement. John Lane, Es([., of East Bridgewater, succeeded Mr. Harris as president of the society, entering upon his duties with enthusiasm that has greatly aided in the improvements that have been made for the past three years. The citizens of Bridgewater have always taken an honest pride in the society, which has had their generous patronage during its entire existence. The society has had the support of the best men in the Old Colony for two generations, and has a history that is pleasant to review as we trace the substantial progress of our varied interests during the past halfcentury. Lafayette Keith, Esq., lias held the office of secretary of the society since 1863, conducting the duties with rare fidelity and discretion. The grounds of the society arc delightfully located on the margin of Town River, and embrace an area of about sixty acres, pleasantly studded with shade-trees. The hall is one of the finest of its class in New England.

State Work-House. - The Bridgewater State Work- House, which was established in 1853, has been one of the prominent institutions in connection with our system of charities for thirty years. Capt. Levi L. Goodspeed was the first superintendent, and Dr. Abram T. Lowe, Nahum Stetson, and Dr. Bradford L. Wales, were the inspectors. It has been an asylum for the poor who were without a settlement, and for the past seventeen years has also been a penal institution. In the early years of its existence the inmates numbered from six hundred to a thousand. Its history lias been highly creditable to the management, and it has received frequent commendation from the boards of State charities. Capt. Goodspeed gave the best years of his life to the charge of the institution, during which time the production of the farm was increased from ten tons of hay to one hundred tons annually.

Upon the resignation of Capt. Goodspeed, in 1870, Capt. Nahum Leonard was appointed to the office of superintendent, continuing in that position until July 1, 1883, when he resigned. Capt. Leonard's administration was marked with rare discretion, and a most kind, humane consideration of the needs of the un- fortunate class committed to his charge. Under his government the farm was greatly improved, and sixty acres of land waa reclaimed, and the hay crop increased to nearly two hundred tons. The entire farm embraces two hundred and twenty acres. His resignation was received, and accepted with much reluctance on the part of the trustees. Capt. LcouaiJ was succeeded by Mr. HoUis M. Blackstone, July 5, 1SS3.

The destruction of the work-house by fire on Saturday, July 7, 1883, was a surprise to the new supuiinteudent, who was justenteringupon hisduties. The fire was of incendiary origin, and the inmate who confessed as its author was sentenced to twenty years in the State prison. The building consumed was a massive wooden structure, three stories in height, with a fourth story in the centre section, which was the chapel. The destruction of the building was ui the forenoon, when the inmates were generally out at work, and at a season of the year when the numbers were at the lowest point. Fortunately no loss of life ensued, and some valuable property was saved, including the books and records of the institution. Steam fire-engines from Taunton and Brockton were called, and promptly responded in season to save the large barns and other out-buildings. The building destroyed was built by Ford & Miller, of Fall River, at a cost of eighty thousand dollars, and the total loss, includiiig furniture, steam-heating apparatus, clothing, etc., was about one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars.

The property returned after the fire as an appraisal, including two hundred and twenty acres of land, two barns, sheds, pump-housea, stock, tools, carriages, etc.i was $G1,-105.90. The board of trustees promptly proceeded to secure an appropriation from the Legislature of sixty thousand dollars to rebuild in part the institution, the inmates in the mean time having been transferred to Westboro' Reform School.

This appropriation was not deemed sufficient to more than furnish shelter for those who were in the institution at the time of the fire and for furnishings for the same, but was accepted as sufficient to begin the work. Five brick buildings of plain, substantial style were erected, and before the end of the year one building was ready for occupancy. Subsequently thirty-five thousand dollars was appropriated for finishing the buildings, and in May, 1881, an additional appropriation of fifty thousand dollars was made to erect a prison and dormitory, making the entire appropriation one hundred and thirty-five thousand dollars. The buildings which have been commenced, and are now well advanced, consist of superintendent's house, hospital building, three dormitory buildings, kitchen, and a story added to a building partially destroyed. The prison and dormitory to be erected are cue hundred and eighty feet by forty feet ; ii water tower and office are also to bo built. These buildings are two stories, with basement, irraiiite underpinnin;^, and freestone trimmings. The buildings will accommodate four or five hundred. This institution has held an important place in the system of charitie.s of the commonwealth, and now enters upon a new era in its history.

Bridgewater Savings-Bank. - The Bridgewater Savings-Bauk was incorporated Marcii 19, 1872; Was organized with Mr. Joseph A. Hyde as president, Lafayette Keith clerk, and Samuel P. Gates treasurer.

Mr. Hyde retained the office of president until his death, when Hon. Lloyd Parsons was his successor, serving with acceptance and fidelity until his decease, in 1882.

The institution has had a good standing as a. safe repository of money and has won the confidence of depositors, who are largely the people of the town.

A large number of families emigrated from Bridgewater in the latter part of the last century and early in the present century, settling in Maine, Vermont, and Western Massachusetts, and quite a number of families moved to New York State and to Ohio when

The following is an enumeration of the polls and estate of the old town of Bridgewater for the year 1773 by precincts, which embraced the three towns and Brockton :

Thus it appears that the a.ssessor's valuation of Bridgewater, with Titicut, was but S66,3C5. It was in poverty that the fathers engaged in the struggle of the Revolution. It is possible that the above figures were based upon a slightly reduced valuation, but they are from the original sheet where the tax was computed.

Sprague's Hill. - Sprague's Hill is well known as the most commanding eminence in this quarter of the county, and upon its southern slope some of the early settlers made for themselves happy homes. Among these were the Aldens, the descendants of John, of the " Mayflower." From this picturesque elevation there is a commanding view of the river that creeps through the valley and the village with its half-dozen churches, a short mile distant; also the handsome grounds of the Plymouth County Agricultural Society. There have been many changes since these early settlements were made, and time, and the inevitable spirit of colonization, have scattered these of Pilgrim name and many of the old landmarks. There are two of the ancient Alden houses still remaining, though none of that name now inhabit them. The last of the Alden houses that was demolished was that of Capt. Joseph Alden, son of Seth, who was of a family of five sons and four daughters, two of the sons being graduates of Brown University, viz., Cyrus, who was a lawyer at Fall River, and Seth, a minister in Marlboro', both long since deceased. This hill is supposed to have taken its name from Capt. Benjamin Sprague, who lived in this locality, and died of smallpox in 1778, aged forty-two years.

The pine grove east of the brick-yard, on an attractive eminence upon the farm of Mitchell Hooper, Esq., was set out by Mr. Hooper in 1839 and 1842, and covers what was then a barren sand hill.

called Nippeiiicket Pond. There are few more deliglitful and romantic little lakes in this quarter of the State. Around its borders was a favorite resort for the dusky Indian hunter, and its waters were in early times well stocked with fish. The sportsmen still find it good shooting (with decoys) around its woody slopes, and boating upon its quiet waters has for years beguiled many an idle hour. This pond is about u mile and u half in length and of irregular shape, averaging half that distance in width. Caleb F. Leonard, a prominent citizen fifty years ago, lived in this neighborhood, and the late George Bassett had a pleasant mansion near by. Mr. A. W. Bassett is the only representative of a prominent and numerous family that once resided in this part of the town, that remains in contentment and independence upon his native manor.

" Carver's Pond," near the centre of the town, is a favorite resort for the young people, and its woody borders grace a most attractive landscape. The outlet of this pond afforded a water-power for the first cotton-gin manufactory, erected by Mr. E. Carver in 1817.

Bridgewater Cemetery. - The citizens of this town, Irom its earliest settlement, have shown a commendable respect for the graves and memory of the great "silent majority." One of the earliest bequests of one of its promiueut men was the ancient burialground near the church, and within its sacred inclosure four generations found their last resting-place. In 1842 it became necessary to provide enlarged accommodations for burials, and a beautiful site west of the village was selected for a cemetery. The association, which was duly organized and incorporated, purchased the land of Dion Bryant, Esq., and others, comprising about ten acres (subse(|ueutly enlarging it), which from its slight elevation was called Mount Prospect.

The cemetery was appropriately consecrated, Oct. 26, 18-12, to its sacred use, with prayer and an address by Rev. Ebeuozer Gay, of Bridgewater. The following hymn, written for the occasion by Mrs. Charlotte Keith, was sung on that occasion :

The cemetery has been graded and beautified with walks and driveways, and the forest trees that remain afford ample shade. There are many massive niouumenti, some of which are finished and designed in the highest style of art. Prominent among these are those of Mr. F. W. Luddington, Mr. James Ferguson, Mr, C. W. Hubbard, Jonathan Washburn, Nicholas Tillinghast, Nahum Stetson, E. W. Barstow, Artemas Hale, Dion Bryant, C. C. Gilbert, Increase Robinson, George Bassett, Jonathan Gushing, Jacob Perkins, John A. Shaw, Gad Robinson, Philo Leach, Mitchell Keith, Nathan Mitchell, Calvin Pratt, Robert Perkins, J. E. Carver, Nathan Lazell. The president of the corporation is Sumner Keith (2d), George M. Hooper, clerk. The cemetery was for a quarter of a century iu charge of Mr. Eli Washburn, who with untiring energy for many years gave to the service almost his entire attention, while he was foremost in contributions and in raising funds for the erection of the fence and gateway. Fur the past lew years many improvements have beeu made under the i'aithful superintendence of Mr. George F. Leonard. The delightful situation and the good judgment in the care of this place of burial is year by year rendering it more attractive to visitors.

The Old Graveyard. - The first burying-place ill Bridgewater of which we have any knowledge is near the Unitarian Church, and was donated to the parish in 1719 by John Washburn. This wus the only buiying-place in the South Precinct for about thirty years. Lieut. John Wasliburn was the sexton, and dug the graves for fifty-eiglit years, - from 1739 to 1797, tlie time of hid death, - keeping a record of the burials. The total number of graves dug by him during tliese years was seven hundred and six. It is probable that nearly two thousand burials have been provided for in this yard. But very few have been buried in this yard since 1842. The beautiful shadetrees in and about the old churchyard were planted between 1838 and 1843. Capt. Abram Washburn was active in improving and beautifying this sacred place, and in later years Williams Latham and Eli Washburn devoted much time and labor to reclaim it from overrunning brambles, and in rendering the ancient moss-covered stones legible. It was originally inclosed with a common rail-fence, but in 1795 the precinct voted to build a stone wall around it. The whole parish turned out, and in a single day brought together stones sufficient to fence it, about fifty rods in length. Captain Washburn, with a little help from subscribers, rebuilt the wall, capping it with the stones as it is now to be seen, in 1844. We know of no more beautiful and striking type of the ancient English churchyard than that of the old yard of Bridgewater.

" Beneath arc depostteii tbc remaios of liun. Xtithatt Mitchell, Eeti., in \vboiu prudence and economy, benevolence and piety, were happily and conspicuously united; wboije upcn di^spositiua procured hira conlidcncc and esteem in private life, while his patriotism, inte}^rity, and strong natural abilities repeatedly advanced bini by the sutl'rages of a virtuous people to a seat in government; wbu in various capacities served his town and country with fidelity and honor, and through life sustained the character of a devout, exemplary Christian, an obliging neighbor, a kind husband, and tender parent. lie died with smallpox, 2d March, 178a, in tho (illth year of his age, beloved and lamented. His widow and children, to record their gratitude and thu virtues of the deceased, have erected this monument."

"Sacred to the memory of Juhii SUutc, almost CO years a faithful pastor of the second church of Christ in this town, who departed this life on the 2'Jth of April, MDCCXCI., aged S.'i years.

" Upon the stage I Just appeared, My tender voice a while was heard; The buddings of my early days My parents' expectations raised; While they with pleasure on me smiled, I fell atiluep and died a child."

"Memento Mori. In memory of Capt. Seth alden, who departed thib life Sept. ye 6th, 1784, in the 75 year of bis age. "The corps in silent darkness lies: Our friend is dead, the Captain dies; In peace he lived, in peace he died. Sleeps sweetly by his Consort's side; In this dark cell they both must lie Till the archangel rends the sky. And saints ascend to Christ on high."

Physicians. - Dr. Samuel Alden, Dr. Joseph B. Fobes, Dr. Samuel H. Worcester (retired). Dr. Calvin Pratt (graduated at Harvard Medical College, 18G6), Dr. George H. Watson (born 1847, at Sedgwick, Me., graduated at Amherst College, 1870, Albany Medical College, 1872), Dr. Edward W. Read (homceopathic physician from Philadelphia, Pa.), Dr. Lewis G. Lowe (born Aug. 17, 1828, graduated at New Hampshire Medical College, 1863 ; Harvard Medical College, 1864; retired from practice, 1870), Dr. Edward Sawyer (graduate of Harvard Medical College, for twelve years physician at State workhouse). Dr. Christian Washburn (dentist, graduate of Pennsylvania Dental College, 1859), Dr. Edgar Parker (retired from profession).

Harmony Royal Arch Chapter, F. A. M., was organized in Bridgewater in 1883. The following are the original charter members : Henry 0. Little, E. H. Hatch, D. C. Ford, Alexander Dove, H. H. White, John H. Fairbanks, J. E. Crane, H. D. Covington, J. A. Hunter, A. W. Fobes, P. M. Poole, D. D. Sweet, Jarvis Burrill, Frederick G. Lovell, A. E. Paull, J. B. Hengely, Edward Sawyer, Henry F. Miller, John M. Stetson, H. F. Barnes, Southworth Harlow, Nahum Leonard, George M. Hooper, Charles M. Bryant, John G. Braman.

Bridgewater, Nov. ?>, 1707. A very able and inter- in Biidgewater, Oct. 11, 1877. The cliartor ineruestin;' discourse was delivered by Brother Rev. Thad- | bcrs were as follows: Robert S. Hunt, Arthur G.

livercd l.y R. W. Hector Orr, Master-elect. The Grand Lodges of iMassachusetts and Rhode Island were present on the occasion. The lodge held its meetings in the East Parish until Aug. 12, 1799, when it was removed to the West Parish, where it remained until 1809, and was again removed to the East Parish, as circumstances required, until 1813, when it was removed to the South Parish, and held its meetings at Pratt's Hall. It occupied the Academy Hall, Bridgewater, in 1822, when that building was destroyed by fire, was removed to the East Parish until 182t!, and then again to Bridgewater, where it remained until 1835. It was then removed to the house of Jonathan Ames, and regular meetings suspended. In 1845 regular meetirjgs were resumed at West Bridgewater. Subsequently it was permanently located in Bridgewater, where it purchased a building, and has a beautiful and commodious hall. Its present membership is one hundred and forty in number, and the lodge is iti a prosperous condition.

Fire Department. - Bridgewater has an efficient. fire department. Its organization has existed about forty years. It has had two engines which were worked by hand, - the " Veto" and " Ousamequin." The last named has done good service for more than twenty. five years, while the little "Veto" was in use for about forty years, doing good service on many occasions. November, 1883, the department took a fresh start, and the purchase of a splendid steam lireengine of the most approved style, viz., " Silsby, No. 6," marked a new era in tire-extinguishing apparatus in town. Sixteen hundred feet of new hose, with a quantity of old that is in good condition, enables this engine to throw a stream nearly a quarter of mile from the source of supply. The fire district has a good brick engine-house that accommodates two engines, and, with a convenient hall, is in most respects entirely satisfactory.

The following is the list of officers for 1SS4 ; Darius C. Foard, chief engineer; Henry Miller, James Huuter, John A. Winslow, assistant engineers; Edward Sawyer, foreman ; Van R. Swift, Jr., engineer ; Van R. Swift, treasurer; George iM. Hooper, clerk. The original officers chosen Oct. 7, 1844, were Artemus Hale, chief engineer ; Artemus Ilale, Jr., clerk ; Philip D. Kingman, Eli Washburn, Axel Dearborn, George W. Bates, assistant engineers.

Politically the town for thirty years has generally been Republican, but it has, by disagreement on the part of the Republicans, frequently chosen Democratic representatives.

The first Republican representative chosen was Sir. Asahel Hathaway, wiio was elected in 1850, serving in the Legislature for 1851 ; casting his vote fur Charles Sumner, who was elected by the Legislature by one majority for the first time as United States senator.

There have been some instances of majorities fur the Democratic candidate for Governor. In 1875, William Gaston, Democrat, had 21G votes, and Alexander H. Rice, Republican, 175 ; and the fullowiug year Mr. Rice received, 355 ; and Charles F. Adams, 288.

Fro.M 1822 To 1881

Public Library. - The citizens of the town t.iko much iaterest io the Public Library, wiiich ii;is been collected and installed in a couveiiiont struoture by their own efforts, instead ol", as is generally the case, by bequests or large donations. A meeting was held JLiy 31, 1878, in answer to a call of the Decoration-Day Committee, which stated that it was proposed to see what could be done " to express with reverence our gratitude that we are still a nation ; to declare our conviction that the names of those whose lives were sacrificed should be held in respect forever ; to teach coming generations that patriotism is honored in America." This meeting adopted a resolution in favor of the erection of a memorial building, and for more than a year plans for enlisting the earnest co-operation of the citizens were maturing. Meanwhile some public-spirited persons were busily engaged in establishing a library, by raising a popular subscription, securing the volumes held by several organizations, and obtaining the adoption by the town of by-laws governing the creation and operations of a board of trustees. The library, consisting of less than three thousand Volumes, was opened in hired ((uartcrs in July, 1879, and was moved into the Memorial Build- ing on its completion, in 1882. It now has five thousand two hundred volumes. This building, erected accordinjr to plans made by Messrs. Rotch & Tilden, architects, Boston, was begun in June, 1881, and was dedicated May 30, 1883. It is a substantial brick structure of one high story, with freestone trimmings, having a central entrance, with open vestibule, in the walls of which are placed tablets of Tennessee marble, bearing the names of thirty-six deceased soldiers. The interior contains three spacious rooms, of which the largest is the book-room. The two rooms in front are on either side of the entrance, are used as a readingroom and museum respectively ; the latter room containing many objects of great historic value. The total cost of building and land was $14,481.10, of which the town appropriated $9057.15, and the remainder was obtained from private donations, fairs, and other sources.

The board of trustees are Rev. Theodore F. Wright, president; Edwin H. Keith, vice-president; Miss Caroline Sampson, secretary ; Avery F. Hooper, treasurer ; and George M. Hooper, George H. Martin, Gustavas Pratt, Van R. Swift, and Mary H. Keith. Librarian, Lucia L. Christian, who is assisted by Charles H. Sampson.

The town is under special obligations to Rev. T. F. Wright for services rendered in behalf of the library, which is so much valued by the intelligent citizens.

Schools and School Teachers. - Mr. Nathaniel Willis, brother of Deacon John Willis, was, with his brother, an original proprietor of Bridgewater, and with the title of Mr. on the record must have been a distinguished citizen. He is said to have been the first schoolmaster in town. His estate was settled in 168C.

be taken into serious consideration, that some course be taken in every town that there be a schoolmaster set up to train children in reading and writing."

1670. A law was enacted " freely granting all such profits as may or shall accrue annually to the colony from fishing from nets or seines at Cape Cod, for mackerel, bass, or herring, to be improved for and towards a free school in some town in this jurisdiction, for the training of youth in literature, for the good and benefit of posterity." Tiie school was established at Plymouth, and was supported by the Cape Cod fisheries for six years.

1696. The town gave liberty for the school to be kept in the meeting-house, provided that if any damage comes to the meeting-house by any of the scholars, the parents or the masters of said scholars are to make it good.

1717. " The town passed a clear vote to raise forty pounds the ensuing year, upon the whole town, for a schoolmaster's salary, and, what is required more, to procure a preaching schoolmaster."

1746. " Chose a committee, of which Capt. Josiah Edson was one, to consult what method may be most beneficial to the town in improving of the school for the future."

March 28, 1744. It was voted to advise the selectmen to sell the land that Josiah Edson gave to the town, for the use of the grammar school.

1756. Dr. Abiel Howard was chosen grammar schoolmaster, to teach all grammar scholars at the expense of the town that shall be sent to him. Appropriated £66 13». id. for schools.

John Porter (3d) was a graduate of Yale (1770), son of Rev. John Porter, of North Precinct ; was a schoolmaster and a major in Revolutionary war ; died in West Indies.

1772. Joseph Snell was a schoolmaster of the gr;iiiiiuai' school teu weeks, boardiog himself; was paid £7 5s. Id. He graduated at Harvard, 1735 ; died 1791, aged ei;_'hty-seveD years; engaged in no other profossiuD ; lived in the North Parish.

1771. Dr. Jonathan Crane, a graduate of Harvard College, was schooimnstor, and also during several succeeding years kept school in the South and West Parishes. His large farm was what now comprises the estate of the late Scth Washburn and Virgil Conant.

" Att Bridgewuter, ye 15th day of November, 1763, the subscriberb pray tbiit you ordpr that Mr. Joseph Suell may be improved as a Gramuiar School ma^iter for the North Precinct, their part of ouid :ichool thia year."

17(17. Benjamin Edson and twelve others pray the selectmeu tliat William Suell and Jedediah Southworth, who were nominated to do the service of schoolmaster, neither of whom are likely to be satisfactory to them, be dropped, and that Joseph SiicU be allowed to keep the grammar school.

Capt. Benjamin Snell was a schoolmaster for many years, aud was noted for his corporeal powers, which gave him a prestige where military discipline was re- ([uired.

Thomas Cushuian, who was a soldier of 1814, was a school-teacher for a quarter of a century. He still lives to note the changes in all the methods of education now in vogue, and is still much interested in history and antiquariau researches.

Leaiider A. Darling has been a teacher for twentyeight years. He is a graduate of the normal school, and has been a successful teacher, having spent several years in the South, and is now a teacher in Bridgewater.

Philander D. Leonard, an early graduate of the normal school, has been a teacher for thirty years, and for many years a member of the school com- ; mittee. I which are renowned for their sylvan charms. Bridgewater may well be regarded as one of the most attractive. The majestic elm, the graceful maple, and all the variety of trees that adorn the public square and the various streets, are creditable to the taste and foresight of the past generation, which for this blessing conferred should be held in grateful memory. The town early displayed a commendable public spirit in beautifying the village, and Maj. Isaac Lazell and his heirs gave the land, not only for the public square, but for the site of the academy so long as it is occupied by that institution. In educational enterprises the town took a prominent place, aud .secured by its liberal gifts the establishment of the County Academy in its centre, in 1799. This high estimate of the importance of intellectual culture was largely attributable to the influence of the early ministry of the town, and, prior to 1800 the South Parish had furnished twenty-three graduates for Harvard College. The original academy was located upon the present site of the hotel, and was burnt in 1821, rebuilt near the present site the following year. It continued to hold an important place under the preceptorship of Mr. John A. Shaw and others, and sent out its quota to the several colleges duriug the succeeding generation. In 1868 the academy was rebuilt at a cost of twelve thousand four hundred and fifteen dollars by private subscription, five of the leading citiiiens subscribing one thousand dollars each, and twenty others gave from one hundred to five hundred dollars for this purpose. Notwithstanding this manifestation uf interest in the time-honored institution, the town in its municipal capacity declined any aid or encouragement. The trustees of the academy, in view of the law compelling towns of this size to maintain u high school, procured an act of the Legislature relieving it from such obligation on account of facilities ufTordcil by the academy. A plan was submitted to the town by which the scholars of proper advancement could be instructed in a high school course under the direction of the school committee, at a saving of at lea^t one thousand dollars per annum to the town, while the scholars would have had not only an ordinary hi^h school course, but would have been fitted for college if they desired. This proposition was favored by many leading citizens, but the profl'ered privilege was declined. Had the proposition been accepted it would have been not oidy a saving of a largo sum of money to the town, but would have enabled us to look with pride upon an act to foster an institution that had conferred such lasting benefits, and whose name was historic. The town established a high school in accordance with the statute, aud that course so all'ected the patronage of the academy that the trusiteea deemed it prudent to suspend that school. The academy building has for the past seven years been rented to the town for the high school, which has been well sustained. The fund of the academy is small, amounting to but five or six thousand dollars, but ultimately it is hoped will become sufficient to enable the school to resume its place among the classical institutions of the commonwealth.

College Graduates. - The following are the names of thube who have had a collegiate education in the South Parisii, or what is now Bridgewater:

Samuel Bieck, Esq., a native of Boston, was educated and fitted for college at the Bridgewater Academy, graduated at Harvard College, and studied law witii Zechariah Eddy, of Middleboro'. He practiced law at Braiutree and at Taunton, and settled in Bridgewater in 1850, when lie retired from tiie profession. He was a man of superior intellectual powers, and an able writer and speaker. He was among the early pioneers in the organization of the Liberty party, and was active in the Republican party for a generation. He declined political oiBce. He died September, 1S7C, aged sixty-nine years.

The State Normal School. - The State Normal School, which is widely known as an institution for the training and preparation of teachers, was established in Bridgewater, Sept. 9, 1840. The town was liberal in its aid of the enterprise, and granted the uae of the town house for six years, and also granted further aid for a library and apparatus, while the leading citizens, appreciating the value of such an institution, contributed individually in its behalf. The school opened with twenty-eight pupils, twenty-one of whom were ladies. The first principal was Nicholas Tillinghast, a graduate of West Point Military Acad-

The school continued under Mr. Tillinghast with success for thirteen years, when ill health compelled his resignation. His connection with the school was marked with self-forgetful devotion to the work, and his death, which occurred April 10,1856, was deeply lamented by the wide circle of former pupils and by the citizens of the town, who ever have held him in grateful memory. He was born in Taunton, Mass., Sept. 22, 1804, and was the son of Nicholas Tillinghast, Esq., a distinguished member of the Bristol bar.

The second principal of the school was Marshall Conant, who commenced his duties August, 1853, continuing his service seven years, until July, 1860, when his declining health compelled his resignation. His connection with the school was such as won the love and respect of his pupils, and drew from the board of visitors, in their report, the special acknowledgment of his skill as an instructor, his industry and fidelity, that secured and maintained the high regard of his pupils, as well as the entire satisfaction of the Board of Education. Mr. Conant was the courteous gentleman, the steadfast friend, the generous-hearted citizen, whose very presence was a perpetual benediction. His death called forth most tender and appropriate expressions of sorrow from the association of the school, as well as from the citizens of the town, where he was so much loved and respected.

enlarged its course of study. Originally the course was but one year, and then increased to two years, and several years since an advanced course of four years was established for such as desired it. The number of pupils that have graduated since the school was established is 1793, - gentlemen, 604 ; ladies, 1189. The number of graduates from the four years' course is 62, - gentlemen, 41 ; ladies, 21.

Albert G. Boyden, the present principal of the State Normal School, Bridgewater, was born at South Walpole on the 5th of February, 1827, and is the oldest of a family of three sons and three daughters. His father was Phineas Boyden, the youngest of the seven children of Phineas and Lydia Boyden, and was by trade a blacksmith. His mother was the second of the eleven children of Joseph and Asenath Carroll. Both families were reared in South Walpolo. Both grandfathers were farmers, and long-lived, vigorous men. South Walpole was a thriving village near the head-waters of the Neponset lliver, on the turnpike from Boston to Providence, and midway between these two cities. The hotels upon the green and the three factories on the river made good business for the villagers, and a good market for the neighboring farmers. Mr. Boyden spent most of his minority in his native village. From his early boyhood he was required to sixty-seven. The following year the school building [ Academy at North Bridgewater one term, was enlarged by the addition of two wings, at a cost He became connected with the church iu lii.s native villaj^e at tlie age of thirteen, and at the age of fourteen lie decided to be a teacher, and spent his even- ' iiij;s in study. lie taught district schools iu the town of Foxborough the three winters before he was twenty- | one, receiving wages sufficient to hire a man to take ; lii.s place in the shop. On reaching liis majority he I had for his capital good health, the good habits which the excellent training of Christian parents had formed in hiiu, the education of the district school, and his trade. After earning a part of the requisite funds, he entered the Normal School at Bridgewater, in August, 1848, paying the remainder of his expenses in taking care of the school-house and fires. Graduating from the school July 3, 1849, he spent the next term in the school upon advanced studies. Taught school in Hinghani six months, and was then assistant teacher in tlie Normal School with Mr. Tilliughast from August, 1850, to July, 1853, and with Mr. Conant the following term ; principal of the Bowditch Englibh High School for Boys in Salem from November, 1853, to March, 185G; associate principal in the Classical and English High School, Salem, from March to September, 1856 ; .sub-master in the Chapman Grammar School, Boston, from September, 1856, to September, 1857 ; first assistant in the Bridgewater State Normal School, from September, 1857, to August, I860, when he was appointed principal of the school, and received the honorary degree of A.M. from Amherst College.

The prosperity of the Normal School under Mr. Boyden's administration has been most flattering, and his long term of continuous service is emphatic testimony to his marked quaJificitions for the difficult and responsible duties. He still is blessed with the same vigor that he possessed twenty years ago, and as teaclier, and as the prominent and much valued citizen, is held in the highest esteem. From the small institution, that was deemed by some a questionable experiment, Mr. Boyden has seen this school take rank among the first iu this State for the special training of teachers.

Instructors. - Albert G. Boyden, A.M., principal ; Franz H. Kirmayer, Latin and French ; Arthur C. Boyden, A.M., mathematics, chemistry, etc. ; Frank E. Murdock, physics and natural sciences; William D. Jackson, mathematics aud English literature; Eliza B. .Woodward, drawing; Mary H. Leonard, language, geography, and astronomy ; Ljabella S. Home, vocal culture ; Clara C. Prince, music ; Clara T. Wing, school of observation.

The large number of pupils of this school that responded to the call of their country in the war of the Rebellion reflects honor upon the institution. The love of country has ever had a prominent place upon its banner.

Old Landmarks. - The ancient house that fronts on Central Square, opposite the town hall, and now known as the Dr. Washburn house, has an interesting iiistory. It was built by Rev. Benjamin Allen, the first minister of tlio parish (in 1717), and was occupied by him as the parsonage for several years. Subsequently it was purchased by Col. Josiah Edson, the Tory, who kept it as an inn. It was from this house that Col. Edson started upon a Sunday moininir, on horseback, to join the British never to return. Subsequently the place was owned by Maj. Isaac Lazell and was kept as a tavern, and it was tlius occupied from the days of the Revolution until 1825. The garden connected with tlie house extended with offsets to the old store now occupied by Hooper & Clark. This house was headquarters on public occasions, and had a traditional popularity for good dinners, that are still remembered by a few of our oldest citizens.

JIaj. Lazell died in ISIO, but his widow continued to occupy it until about 1833, when Capt. Abram Washburn purcliased it. Dr. Nahum Washburn purchased it in 1840 and occupied it until his death, and it is still owned by his widow.

The old store of the Bridgewater Iron Company stands upon the site of the first store that we have any knowledge of in town. Col. Edson kept a store in a small building upon this site, and about the close of the Revolution Isaac and Nathan Lazell carried on business here, and in connection with the ironworks had a lively trade in old Jamaica and New England rum. The first store was moved to the old Shaw place, where it still is connected wiili that house. The present store was built in 17U8, but has been several times enlarged.

Formerly the most antiquated and remarkable dwelling in the town was the Sloan house, originally built by Benjamin Ilayward before 1700 and oceujiied by his son, Hczekiah, and by his sou, IKzckiah, i Jr., and Calvin Hay ward, the father of Mrs. Sloan. The house was framed from the primeval oak, of a i size that is usually used for whip timber. It was two stories front, and the floor dropped one step below tlic level of the ground. The large front , rooms were for many years a museum of curious l paintings that were made by Samuel Sloan. These rooms were filled with pictures, many of them portraits of distinguished characters, most of them were ]iainted from imagination. The landscape scenes with cattle, a death-bed sceue, and a view of winged spirits soaring heavenward were among the most remarkable. Mr. Sloan died some years before his wife, and the widow exhibited the paintings to crowds of visitors for a fee during the last years of her life. Upon the death of Mrs. Sloan the paintings were sent to Ohio, where some relatives resided. The ancient house was demolished several years since, and nothing now remains but the cellar to mark what was once one of the prominent and notable dwellings of the ancient town.

The store ou the corner of Central Square and Broad Street, owned by J. E. Crane, was built by Edward Mitchell (who owned the ailjoining [lale estate) in 1804. He sold out to James Allen and Mitchell Keith in 1814. Morton Eddy was the proprietor in 1821, and was connected with the store with but little interruption until 1843, since which time it has been occupied by J. E. Crane. The .second story was added in 1825. Seth Conant was the builder. It was moved back six feet in 1858, wiiieh much improved the narrow passage of the street at this corner.

The hotel on Central Square, kept by L. D. Monroe, was built by Maj. Johnson, of East Bridgewater, and was moved by Capt. Abram Washburn to the present site in 1827. Capt. Asa Pratt was the first landlord, and after a few years retired to the old Pratt Tavern, where he resided until his death. Uriah Sampson was for a number of years the popular landlord. The stage lines that centred here brouirht a goodly number of passengers, and the house had a lively business. Holmes & Eaton wore the successors of Mr. Sampson for a few years, and Edward Mitchell was then at the head of the house for nearly fifteen years, adding a third story to it in 1841). Mr. Mitchell retired from the business in 1858.

The successor of Mr. Mitchell was Mr. Prouty. Theodore Gould followed Mr. Prouty and made some improvements, adding the piazza and veranda to the front. Jo.'*iah L. Bassett kept the house two years, and was succeeded by N. II. Dun|)he about 18GG, who soon sold the house to Mrs. Hull, who kept it for six years, when Simeon Mitchell, the present owner, became the purchaser. Since that time Mr. Monroe has had charge of the house and has pioved a very popular landlord. Since this house was erected eveiy tree in sight of it upon the t:reen has been planted, and the village has grown from a cluster of little more than a dozen houses to its present proportions.

Town Hall. - The first town hall stood on the site of the New Jerusalem Cliureh, and after being occupied for a few years was sold, and the present town hall was built in 1843. David Bartlutt w.is the builder. A portion of the roofing timbers lell whc;n it was being raised, and several workmen had narrow escape from serious injury.

The Beza Haywurd house was built by the father | of Beza Huywurd, Naihan Hayward, 1715, and was occupied by Hon. Beza Hayward, a distinguislied citizeu, who was teaclier, preacher, representative, senator, councilor, and register of probate. Judge Mitchell, the historian, was fitted for college in this house. It is situated in the northeast part of the town, and now owned by Sarah Turner.

The Shaw house, built by Rev. John Shaw in 1740, has been the home of five generations, and is still in good repair. It should be preserved as a memorial of its honored builder.

The Capt. Abram Washburn house, which was built in 1770, by Capt. Washburn, of Revolutionary fame, and was the home of his son, Capt. Abram Washburn, is situated on Central Square, and is now owned by Mr. 0. B. Cole, the druggist.

There are fifty houses now standing in town that have been built one hundred years, each of which would furnish material for an interesting sketch, did space permit.

Jouraalism. - The first newspaper published in Bridgewater was issued from a building standing on the site now occupied by J. B. Rogers as a hardwarestore, by Christopher A. Hack, and entitled We, the Peuple. Its publication was commenced about the year 1835, and continued here about two years. No other enterprise in this line wa.s projected until March 11, 187B, when Mr. Henry T. Pratt commenced the publication (in connection with a job-printing oflSce establi.-ihed about that time) of a twelve-column weekly, called The Every SalurJai/. This enterprise was received so favorably by the citizens that in December of the same year an enlargement was made, and the name changed to The Jiridyewuler Independent. Under this head it was continued until June 3, 1880, when Mr. Pratt retired from the field, devoting his attention to the job department. After a short delay it again became a candidate for public patronage, under the editorship of Mr. Joseph Tuoker, who enlarged it to thirty-two columns, and continued its publication until Dec. 1, 188!!, when Mr. James M. CiJOiubs, of JMiddleboro', became its proprietor by purch;ise. A few months later a transfer was made to Mr. C. E. Liufield, who at present is conducting its publication.

In 1882, by an act of the Legislature, the Superior Court was permitted to liold one or more terms by adjouniinent annually in Bridgewater. The town made such preparation as was uecessary for the accommodation of the court at the town hall, which gave special satisfaction. Several sessions have been held here, and in case a half shire-town should be deemed advisable, the central situation of Bridgewater renders it probable that it may become ultimately the half shire of the county. The past few years have made many changes, and a large number of men of prominence have been removed by death. While we note these inevitable marks of time, it is pleasant to record the virtues of some who have left their impress as w<jrthy of a place in the annals of the town. The town has never made that rapid growth that has distinguished the " North Parish" (now Brockton), but what the old town lacks in enterprise and push is made up in the character and stability of its people. There has been much of improvement to note within the memory of the middleaged, and we predict for the old town a steady onward progress in those qualities of loyal and patriotic citizenship that have distinguished her career during the past two hundred years.

Bridgewater has a traditional reputation for a love of music, and for many years sustained an organization which was highly creditable to the taste and skill of those connected with it. The " Bridgewater Singing Society" was organized about 1830, and held regular meetings for many years. It was led for many years by Mr. Martin Shaw, and among those active in its history were Capt. Edwin Keith, Caleb Christian, Philo Keith, Asa P. Keith, Seth Pratt, Jr., Lloyd Parsons, Solomon Keith, E. H. Keith, Fred. Crane, Soranus and Lewis Weutworth, Simeon D. Wood, Calvin B. Pratt, Dr. Samuel Alden, Morton Eddy, Williams Latham. The Boston Academy's Collection of Choruses, and like compositions, were sung with a spirit and power now quite unknown in this vicinity, sustained by a full orchestra of stringed and reed instruments. The science of music was encouraged in quite early times by some of the citizens, and in the latter part of the last century Lewis Edson, born in this town (17-48), was the author of the tunes '- Bridgewater" and " Lenox," that have been long admired by lovers of sacred psalmody. Mr. Edson removed to New York State, where he died in 1825.

Maximilian Hall was a teacher of music and an organist for forty years in town. He was a bachelor, a native of Raynham, and died Nov. 1, 1867, aged seventy-seven years.

Bridgewater has for nearly three generations been distinguished as an educational centre, and is surpassed by few towns in the commonwealth in its natural attractions. For many years there has been ' special care bestowed in adorning the streets with sliade-trees. The square in the centre is handsomely i iin;l(>.sed with a stone and iron fence, and the exuber- i aut foliage that graces its walks adds a charui to the \ neighborhood. The public buildings and private | residences, though modest and unpretending, have an ' air of neatness and good taste. The hotel fronting | upon the green is pleasantly situated, aifording a comfortable home for transient vibitors. The public library, town hall, academy, normal school, and five churches in the central village are the chief public | buildings. In its early settlement it had an estab- I lished character for the promotion of religion and sound learning. Good order and sobriety have over prevailed, and the Pilgrim name has been held with reverence and veneration. The cherished institutions planted by the fathers have been sustained and perpetuated by their posterity, and their influence is reflected in the character and intelligence of the people. Possessed of such an inheritance, may no cloud obscure the bright future, and may the kind Providence that wa.s so the guide of our fathers preserve and transmit still richer legacies to our children's children.

Nauum Stetson

Nahum Stetson is a descendant in the seventh generation from Cornet Robert Stetson, of Scituate (1634), one of the most noted and valuable men in Plymouth Colony, and who held many offices of responsibility and trust. The line is Cornet Robert ', Robert', Lsaac^ John', Abisha', Abisha', Nahum'.

" The Stetson name stands deservedly high in the esteem of the public, and it is believed none, with the same advantages, can present a greater array of liien of worth and influence. The family has been a noted one from the fact that its members have been very extensively engaged in the iron bu.siness (' 1720. The town of Scituate granted two acres of land on Indian Head River to Joseph Barstow and Benjamin Stetson for accommodation of a funje and Jiiicr}j.' - Extract from Records), and yet rank among the foremost of those in this business in Plymouth County, or even in Massachusetts. Few families, probably, have been more noted for mechanical ingenuity, and some of its prominent members hold important positions as superintendents of forges and rolling-mills. Sir. Abiuha Stetson (who died in East Bridgewater), his sou, Nahum Stetson, the family of Mr. Dyer Robinson, of Taunton, which is connected with this.

Abisha Stetson (sixth generation) was bijrn in 1794, and died in 1842. He began life a poor buy, and learned the millwright's trade, in company with Jacob Perkins. Afterwards they became connected in business, and, for many years, until his death, were partners in the house of Lazell, Perkins li Co. .Mr. Stetson, in company with his brother, JuiKithun, and Mr. Perkins, started the Marshfield Cotton-Factury, and afterwards he was manager uf a similar factory in East Bridgewater. For many years he bad charge of a blast-furnace and cotton-factory in Kingston. He was agent of the cotton-factory in nan.-^un, alio of the Anchor Works. He was extensively known, possessed great business energy and capacilies, and held an honored place among his associates. His children were all by his first wife, Alice, dau;.;litei- of Ezra Allen, whom he married in 1704.

Nahum Stetson, second son of Abisha and .\lice (Allen) Stetson, was born in East Bridgewater, iMuss., Aug. 21, 1807. Receiving the educatiotjal advantages of the public schools, and two years' attendance at the academy at Bridgewater, he went to the town of Boston in 1821, and remained a short lime as clerk iu a mercantile house. At the aue of eighteeTi years (Nov. 28, 1825), he entered the store of Lazell, Perkins & Co., of Bridgewater, where he developed a capacity for business that rapidly hastentd hia promotion to a prominent place in the management of the affairs of the company. Having won the confidence and esteem of his employers in all the positions which he tilled, he succeeded to the treasurership of the company, which oiiice was made vacant by the death of Nathan Lazell, J'ls(|., in 18155. To the energy and good judgment of Mr. Stetson may be attributed much of the success that has been attained by this great enterprise during the pasi foity years. The reputation which the company aciiuired for honorable dealing carried it through the great panics of 1837 and 1857, and its credit h;is ever been unquestioned. The business organization of the " Bridgewater Iron-Works" is the same as when Mr. Stetson first became connected with it, but not one of the original stockholders are living, and every building has been rebuilt. In addition to the financial oversight of the Bridgewater Iron Company, Mr. Stetson was chosen treasurer of the Weymouth Iron Company iu 1837, which position he now holds. In 184G he took the Parker Mills (Tremont Iron- Works), in Wareham ; was agent, treasurer, and clerk up to the time they ceased operation, about 1874.

At these works was made, iu 1846, the first railroad iron manufactured in New fiDglaod. The rails were used on the Old Colouy road ; they have been woru out, replaced by new ones, and Mr. Stetson is now buying thorn in to make over. In 1848, Mr. Stetson was one of the incorporators of the Dean Cotton-Machine Company, of Taunton ; was made it.s president, and continued until the close of the organization, twenty-five year.-i. He never luissed a meeting of either directors or stockholders during this time, and presides at each one, driving ten miles in order to bo present. He was director of Bristol County Bank, Taunton, from 1835 till 1852. He was then eho.sen president of the same, but the pressure of business forbade him carrying this additional labor and responsibility, and he resigned both offices at the end of one year, during which time his strongly-marked signature was placed on twenty thousand bills. He was also an incorporator, and director for many years, of the Taunton Locomotive- Works, and Wiis elected their president in 1883, to succeed Samuel L. Crocker. In 1854 he purchased the works of the Providence Iron Company, at Providence, R. I., and was connected with it as president until 1874. For forty years he has been director of the Old Colony Ironworks of East Taunton. He was one of the prime movers and incorporators of the Fall River Railroad, of which he was a director until its consolidation with the Old Colony Railroad.

Mr. Stetson has supported with all the energy of his nature the Whig and Republican parties ; was elected to represent Bridgewater in 1838-39, but hb extensive private interests have precluded his further acceptance of political official positions.

He married, Nov. 13, 182S, Sarah, daughter of Rev. George and Sarah (Barstow) Barstow, of Hanson. They had three childreu attaining maturity, - George B., born October, 1830 (married Mary Sumner, of I'awtucket, and died in Havana, August, 1883, of yellow fever; they had three children, - George W., John M., and Nahum^. George W. married Clara, daughter of Senator Webster Wagner, of Wagner car fame, and has two children, Ethel and Webster, thus making Mr. Stetson a great-grandfather) ; John M., now clerk for Mr. Stetson at Bridgewater (married Ruth, daughter of Dr. James C. Swan, of West Bridgewater, and has two childreu, - Mary L. and Harriet S.) ; Nahum ' is head salesman for Steiuway &. Co., in New York (married Cora May, of New Y'^ork, and has one child, - Leonard S.). Nahum, Jr., is iu charge of the New York business of the Bridgewater Iron Company, and, during their existence, of the Parker Mills (married Alice Ames, of West Bridgewater, and has Thomas Ames, Natalie, and Paul). William B. resides iu Boston ; is clerk in the Boston office of the Bridgewater Iron Company (married Etta Caverly, and has two children, - Helen and William Herbert). Mrs. Sarah B. Stetson died Aug. 17, 1842. Mr. Stetaon married, July 4, 1S43, Lucy A. F. Barstow. The childreu of this marriage are Lucy A. (married Zena H. Kelly, of Raynhain ; they have four children, - Helen, Lucy, Sarah, and Julia) and Helen F.

While Mr. Stetson has been so engrossed in great business enterprises, he has been active iu agricultural pursuits, and on his large and productive farm have been raised some of the best blooded cattle, he having early introduced some splendid stock from Daniel Webster's farm at Marshticld. For many years his horticultural exhibits at the county fair were unsurpassed, and his extensive greenhouses have largely contributed to the delight of his numerous visitors, among whom he has had the pleasure of entertaining Dauiel Webster, Robeit C. Winthrop, and others of national reputation. The life of Mr. Stetson has been one of indefatigable industry, and only by the most methodical arrangements could he have accomplished such a large amount of work.

In all local affairs of public interest Mr. Stetson has cheerfully given his aid, being one of the most liberal supporters of the First Congregational (Unitarian) Society, of which he is a member. He was also one of the largest subscribers for the building of the new academy. He is closing his seventy-seventh year, yet his mind is as powerful, his eyes are as keen, his step is as active, and he still toils as in ihe prime of life. Cautious and shrewd as a business man, righteous in every act, of highest integrity and signal ability, rich in experience, large-hearted, of great energy, faithful in all his relations, above fear and beyond reproach, - such are the qualities which all who know him award to Mr. Stetson.

James Ferguson

James Ferguson, son of John and Margaret (Graham) Ferguson, was born in Annan, Scotland, Aug. 12, 1812. His immediate ancestry for several generations were independent farmers of Aunan, and derived their descent from Fergus I., who assisted the Scots to drive out the Plots from Scotland, about A.D. 350, and for his services was elected by the Scots as their king. He was drowned at a venerable age while crossing a loch, in the year 404. According to the ScandiDaviau custom, his sons took the name FcrgussoD. This is the nomenclature of all his male descendants in Scotland, although some branches use but one " s." " Fergus" signifies " a brave chieftain," and the family has been one of Scotland's noblest, and some of this line are high in the peerage, and closely allied to the ruling iUniily of England. They have been eminent in science, literature, and mechanics. Of hardy, energetic nature, they have taken a pronounced part in all the wars in which Scotland has been engaged from the time the fuundur of the name fought against the Picta, Britons, and Romans.

When James was fifteen years old he wxs bound as an apprentice to learn the millwright and machinist's trade for five years, according to the Scottish custom. His apprenticeship was within six months of expiration, when it was terminated by his ma.ster'3 death. Believing the New World afforded larger scope for his capabilities, in company with an older brother and two other friends he sailed for New York, where lie arrived Jul}' 1, 1832. He was not twenty years old. His brother went up the Hudson to secure employment, and James was left dependent on his own resources. He had, however, a letter of introduction, given by a gentleman in Scotland to his cousin, " somewhere in America." Paterson, N. J., had even then extensive iron works, and on the morning of July 3d James started across the Hoboken Ferry to walk there, a distance of twenty-one miles. This was no hard task for the vigorous Scotch youth, and, walking leisurely, he arrived at Paterson about dusk. A fine-looking old gentleman was leaning out of a window which he passed. A strong impression caused James to think that this was the man to whom he had the letter of introduction. He ran

Strange to say it was the very man, and he hearing the Scotch accent of the young man, hastened to the door and drew him into the house, and received and entertained him with true Scottish hospitality. A position was soon secured by James as pattern-maker and machinist. At Paterson he worked two years, during which time his skill and energy had attracted attention, and he was offered, in 1834, a situation in Fall River by Charles Proctor, as superintendent of the erection of machinery for calico-printing. This Fall River work continued about two years, wheu he went to Taunton to superintend the erection of mucluMcry for the Rristol Print- Works. In this he was engaged about ten years. Returning to Fall River, he was for seven years putting up machinery in the Globe Print-Works for William and George Chaffee.

superintendent of a new machine-shop for Taunton Foundry and Machine Company." The shop was constructed under his direction, and in addition to general foundry and machinists' work they made specialties of manufacturing steam-engines and machinists' tools. Mr. Ferguson was al:50 the designer of all the plans used. Under his vigurou.s t-upcrintcndence the company was prosperous. While assisting some of his men one day one of hi.-- feet was crushed so badly as to lose one-half of it, ho himself cutting off the mangled part before a surgeon arrived. After several years' connection with this foundry he entered the employ of the Bridgewater Iron Company in 185C as superintendent of their extensive business. For twenty-eight years he has ' been identified with this company and a resident of ! Bridgewater. His stronfr inherited constitution, his indomitable perseverance, and his wonderful energy have contributed largely to the company's success. At tiie breaking out of the great civil war there were four large forges in existence in America, and the Bridgewater Iron-Works was crowded with work. There was a demand for heavy machinery and forgings in connection with naval construction for the government hitherto unprecedented in iron manufacture. The Bridgewater forge was insufficient for the demand, and the company obtained branch works in Taunton, Fall River, Providence, and Boston, making a total of seven large establishments under Mr. Ferguson's personal superintendence, with an army of from fourteen to fifteen hundred employes. Few men have ever had a more responsible position. Ericsson, the noted inventor of the monitors, found the Bridgewater Iron Company an efiicient aid in his great enterprises, and, under Mr. Ferguson's direction, some of the most difficult work was sueces=fully accomplished. They furnished all the wrought iron work for the famous " Monitor," " Dictator," and " Puritan." They made steam cylinders, condensers, and all the heavy works for many other vessels constructed for the government, and did a vast amount of forging for the Delematers, Morgans, and other large ship-builders. To give this immense quantity of work the proper supervision re(|uired not only a complete mastery of all details of the business, but great nerve and iron constitution. Month after month, yea, year after year, Mr. Ferguson gave his nights as well as days to this. After working at Bridgewater all day, he would drive to Taunton, inspect the works there, then go to Fall River, Boston, or Providence, and buck to Bridgewater to commence work with the men in the morning. Tliis oversight was continued in this way by him until the close of the war, and probably not ooe muu in a thousaud could have survived such labor. The forcings of some portions of the great St. Louis bridge, and the shafts of many of the immense ocean steamers were also made under his direction.

Mr. Ferguson married, first, Ann Maria, daughter of Albert Herdur, of Flushing, L. I. Tlicir children were Robert, James, Margaret (deceased ; she married, first, Epiiraim Edson, and had two cliildren ; second, James H. Ferguson, and had two children), and John. Mr. Ferguson married, second, Mary, daugliter of John and Margaret Hunter, of Fall River. Tiieir children are Joseph, George, Mary, and Arthur.

Robert is a merchant in Bridgewater ; James is a machinist in the employ of Bridgewater Iron Corapaoy ; John is a mason and bricklayer, residing in Baltimore ; Joseph is assistant superintendent and mechanical draughtsman for Bridgewater Iron Company ; George is engaged in the monumental marble business in Boston ; Mary, whose mother died Aug. "24, 1865, is housekeeper for her father ; Arthur has been a student at Harvard.

Mr. Ferguson is still active, and his capacity for the special oversight of the great establishment under his charge is fully equal to all demands. Positive in his likes and dislikes, persistent in whatever he undertakes, firm and inflexible in his convictions, he is one whose friendship, warm and true, is most highly prized. As a citizen he is held in great esteem, and generously contributes to all means of public improvement. He is a Republican politically, and an Orthodox Congregatioualist in religion. His children and grandchildren hold him in high veneration, and appreciate in no small degree his parental devotion and care. Mr. Ferguson's life may be truly called oue of succes.s, as well as of remarkable activity. His ability, in his chosen field, has given him a place among the leading iron-workers of the day.

Caleb F. Leonaud

Caleb F. Leonard, son of David and Mary (Hall) Leonard, was born in Bridgewater, Mass., Oct. 15, 1778. Some genealogists claim the Leonards to have descended from Richard Coeur de Leon (Leoiihardt). All authorities unite in stating that they have beeu a family of prominence in England for many generations, coming from Leonard, Lord Dacre, of England, and through two lines from Edward III., viz., through John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and Thomas Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester. The

Leonard families have been noted throughout this country and Europe, and have been so for generations, for their connection with iron manufactures.

From old records in the family, we find that the first Leonards in America were Solomon, James, and Henry, brothers. They were sons of Thomas Leonard, of Pontipool, Wales, a place famous for its ironworks and mines. They were Puritans. Solomon came from Holland, probably with Rev. John Robinson's congregation, although not in the '' Majflower." He settled first in Duxbury, became an original proprietor of Bridgewater, and, with four of his children, John, Jacob, Isaac, and Mary, settled in the south part of the town.

James and Henry settled in Lynn, next Braintree; and in 1652, at a town-meeting held in Taunton, October 2d, " it was agreed and granted to the said Henry Leonard and James Leonard, his brother, and I Ralph Russell, free consent to come hither and join I certain of our inhabitants to set up a bloomery on I the Two-Mile River," and to dig and mine ore at Two-Mile Meadows. These were the first iron-works established on this continent, and were enlarged from time to time, and subsequently converted into a furge for making anchors. These works were situated in what is now the town of Raynham, and continued in the possession of the Leonards and their descendants over one hundred years. James and Henry, attracted by more abundant ores in New Jersey, removed thither and established the first iron-works in that province. Solomon and liis descendants, however, chose agriculture as their avocation, and those claiming him for ancestor are numerous, and are mostly diligent, industrious farmers. Here and there one has gone into medicine or the ministry, but these are ihe exceptions, not the rule. His son, Johu^, had several children, his youngest son being Joseph'. His son Joseph*, born in 1697, married Mary Packard, and resided on the beautiful place on Nippcnickct Pond, still owned and occupied by their descendants. His son David', who married, in 1767, Maiy Hall, of Taunton, was a farmer on the ancestral estate, and was also a soldier with Gen. Winslow in seizing the neutral French, or Acadians, in Nova Scotia, in 1755 (see Longfellow's "Evangeline"). He was of strong character, active and vigorous, father of thirteen children, and generally known as " Squire" Leonard.

Caleb F. Leonard (sixth generation) had merely the school advantages of the town schools of the day, as he had to be the farm-boy, while his two older brothers were attending Brown Univeroity, where they graduated. He, however, made diligent use of his educational opportunities, and, although be was always an agriculturist, was greatly interested in the public men and measures of the day, a reader and I thinker, and during his life did a large amount of public business for the town. He had a commission of justice of the peace for many years, and was held in more than ordinary esteem for his sound judgment, clear-headedness, and integrity. He married, July 12, 1807, Nancy Thompson, of Middleboro'. They had three children, - Clementina M. (iMrs. Levi Paine"), James M., and Caroline L. (who married, first. George Ward ; second. Rev. James W. Ward, - see biograjihy of George Ward, in history of Lakcville). Mrs. Paine had three children, - Rev. Levi L., D.D., now senior professor at Bangor (Me.) Theological Seminary (he married, July 29, 18G1, Jennette Holmes) ; Bernard, who married Eliza Smith Blossom, Dec. 4, 1867, and has been for some years pastor of the Congregational Church at Sandwich, Mass. ; and Adelia C. (Mrs. PI P. Stetson, of Walpolo). James M. Leonard married Jane N. Thompson, of Rochester, Mxss. ; their children are Emma F., Elizabeth M. (wife of Rev. T. D. Childs, Home Missionary in Kansas), Mary H. (a teacher in the State Normal School, Bridgewater, Mas.*.), Clara F. (wife of Dr. C. L Fisher, superintendent of Stale Almshouse, Tewksbury, Mass.), James H. (married Mary C. Johnston; is a practicing lawyer of Elyria, Ohio), Edith (also a teacher in the State Normal School), Caroline L. (wife of Rev. Herbert D. Goodenough, now missioaary of Congregational American Board of Foreign Missions at Natal, South Africa), Jennie T. (died Jan. 25, 1S65, aged five years).

The life of a plain farmer, with no startling events, no striking or famous acts, is apt to be uneventful so far as the purposes of a biographical sketch is concerned, and such a life was that of Caleb F. Leonard. And yet these lives are the foundation and superstructure of society. Day follows day, year succeeds year, through a long, useful life, where lack of opportunity for display did certainly not create in him a desire for it. He did his duty well in all the varied relations of domestic, social, and community life, and was appreciated, loved, and honored. Of extremely kind and sympathetic nature, he was so tender-hearted that a tale of suffering or distress would bring the tears quickly to his eyes, and so energetic as at once to move toward relieving that suffering, - these were prominent traits. Few, if any, ever appealed to him in vain for charity, or for friendly sympathy and assistance, when it was in his power to give. Tenderly affectionate in his family relations, his wife and children were bound to him by the strongest ties of love and reverence. As a neighbor, friend, and citizen, he was so genial, social, and hospitable in his disposition and habits, so true, honorable, and trustworthy, that he made many friends, and could scarcely have had an enemy, lie was not called to high and prominent public oSicos, but in the positions of trust and influence held in the town where he lived and died, he earned the good opinion of all. Such a life, quiet and unostentatious tiiough it be, has a v;iluc not easily measured. He died suddeni}', July S, 1S40, '- leaving no memorial but a world made better for his livin;'."

The Fobes family in Bridgewater are of Scotch ancestry, descending probably from Rev. John Forbes, or Fobes, who was moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, holden at Aberdeen, July 2, 1005. His son, John ', came to Plymouth with the remnant of Rev. John Robinson's chureii in 103U, settled in Duxbury, and came to Bridgewater in 1051, among the first settlers, and was one of the incorporators of the town of Bridgewater. His descendants are numerous. He married Constant, sister of Experience Mitchell, who came over in the third ship, " Ann," iu 1623. Edward^, second son, born in Bridgewater in 1651, died in 1732, aged eighty-one years. He married Elizabeth, daughter of John Howard, - they had several children. John^, the oldest scjm, born in Bridgewater in 1679, married Abigail Robinson, of Taunton, Aug. 15, 1704, - they had eight children. John died Aug. 15, 1725. Jcjsiah*, son of John', married Freelove, daughter of Capt. Ju-iah ]']dson, March 5, 1739. He was born Sept. 6, 1710 ; among his numerous children were Ezra^, born Jan. 21 , 1751, and Alpheus', born June 30, 1756. Ezra' nunried Mary Shaw, of Raynham, in 1776; died in 1S23, aged seventy-two years. His oldest son, Ezra'', born l^ee. 31, 1785, married Hannah Bassett, daughter of Joseph Bassett, Esq., June 19, ISIO. Their children were Franklin B., Joseph B., George P., Hannah, and Mary S. Alpheus* married, first, Mohitable, duugiiter of Seth Lathrop, in 1781; second, Lucy, daughter of Rev. Isaac Backus; the oldest and youngest j^ons of this second marriage were Isaac'', whose daughter, Mary, married Franklin Leach (see biography), and Aretas*, born April 9, 1798. Alpheus died April 12, 1839, aged eighty-three years. Aretas" married, Feb. 20, 1826, Rowena, daughter of Deacon Edward Paul, of Taunton. He died Oct. 30, 1873, aged seventyfive years. Their children were Edwin A., J'lllen A., Martha P. (who married Dr. Joseph B. Fobes), Franklin, and Nathan.

Joseph Bassett Fobes, M.D.

Among the leading, successful, and representative physicians of Plymouth County, who began active practice nearly half a century ago, and to-day are living in comfortable physical health and unimpaired vigor of mind, must be mentioned Dr. Joseph B. Fobes. Descended from strong Scotch ancestry, he inherited much of the vitality of the liardy Caledonian race. Hia parents were Deacon Ezra and Hannah (Bassett) Fobes, and he was born in Bridgewater, Mass., Sept. 19, 1814. He is a direct descendant from one of the original proprietors and incorporators of Bridgewater. The family name was originally Forbes, but is now spelled Fobes. For several generations have the ancestors of the doctor been identified with the development and improvement of Bridgewater, - good citizens, law-abiding people, serving well their day and generation.

Joseph Bassett Fobes, M.D., was prepared for college at Bridgewater Academy, studied medicine with Dr. Louis L. Miller, of Providence, R. I., and was graduated from the Medical Department of Harvard College in the spring of 1839. In May of the same year he settled in Hanover, and engaged in medical practice. This was before the day of specialties in medicine, and the county practitioner of that day had to be well versed in both theory and practice of all branches of medicine and surgery. The young physician soon made many friends by his medical skill and winning personal traits of character, and built up a large and lucrative practice. For nearly a quarter of a century he was actively employed in attending to an extensive range of patients in Hanover, Pembroke, Scituate, South Scituate, Marshfield, Hanson, Rockland, etc. He was a close student, attended minutely to the peculiar manifestations of disease, aa shown in different individuals, and won success. No physician ever enjoyed the love of the community more than he, and it was worthily bestowed. Careful, kind, and painstaking, he was social, yet methodical and systematic. The people had great confidence in him, and by his diligent though arduous endeavors he secured the esteem of the best element of society. His counsels and advice have been highly prized by his professional brethren. He has been for years a member of the Plymouth County Medical Society, and also of Massachusetts Medical Society. Dr. Fobes married Jan. 4, 1853, Martha P., daughter of Aretas and Rowena (Paul) Fobes, also a native of Bridgewater.

His faithful labors having brought him failing health and a need for rest, and, knowing that he could no longer brave with impunity the hardships iucident to the active work of his profession and the demands he could not refuse from his old patrons, he returned to Bridgewater in 1864, but from the numerous calls for his services here bos been kept in constant practice, although he refuses to give night visits. In 18G7 he made his residence where he now resides, and has never since cared to move.

Whig and Republican in political belief, he has steadily supported the nomination of those parties without being drawn into the vortex of political wireworking. Ho has been favored with an extremely fortunate matrimonial union, and both he and Mrs. Fobes are prized aa valuable acquisitions to the social and religious circles of the town. They are connected with Trinity Episcopal Church, of which the doctor is now senior warden.

The erection and furnishing of the new and beautiful church edifice is the result of the self-sacrifice, devotion, and liberality of a few persons, and not the most unimportant of them are Dr. and Mrs. Fobes.

All in all. Dr. Fobes stands to-day in the latter years of a long and useful life an esteemed citizen, a valued friend, and a credit to the dignified profession in whose service he has passed so many years.

Marshall Con Ant

Among those who have had the charge of educational interests in Plymouth County, and proved faithful to that duty, there has been no worthier representative than Marshall Conant, who was a teacher in every sense of the word. He possessed the fine feelings and keen perceptions that enabled him to understand his scholars thoroughly, heart and mind, and could fully sympathize with all the difficulrics which stand in the way of many struggling students. His heart, his home, and his purse were open to theio, and many a man now in the full career of prosperity can date his success in life to this truesouled Christian man and teacher.

Marshall Conant was a self-made man, having had but limited advantages for education at the common schools near the New England farm at Pomfret, Vt., where he was born, Jan. 5, 1801. He was the sixth son in a family of twelve children, and was in his early years trained to the work of the farm, but during his hours of work economized every moment, and when driving a team to plow had his " Euclid" under his arm, and when the horses stopped to rest he studied geometry. His father was a house-carpenter as well as a farmer, and he became accustomed early to the use of tools, which he used with wonderful skill, and which served him well id lib pursuit after learDiQ>:. His familiarity with tools enabled him to construct the instruments which were required in his mathematical studies for the prosecution of his researches, and which iu his circumstances could not otherwise have been procured, and iu his youth, while on the farm, he invented and constructed a quadrant for taking his elevations, a clock to keep his time, an electrical machine for making experiments iu electricity, and a planetarium for illustrating the movements of the heavenly bodies. He was a sickly boy, and these Were his amusements when he was unable to follow his father and brothers to the field. It was here that he laid the foundation of his accurate mathematical and astronomical knowledge, and without other books than were supplied by the common scliools and the annual almanac.

He commenced his first work as a teacher at Pomfret, Vt., where his compensation was twelve dollars per month, and the pay mostly in corn, which, however, he turned to good account by purchasing books on subjects relating to his mathematical and astronomical studies. In 1824, when but twenty-three years old, he attempted the usual mathematical calculations of an eclipse of the moon, and, with the help of a quadrant which he extemporized for tlie occasion, and the clock which he had made with his own hands to keep the time, he had the inexpressible satisfaction of finding the true results. Thenceforward astronomy largely occupied his attention, and for many years he was the publisher of the " Vermont Almanac," of whicli about one thousand copies were annually issued. In 1825, while teaching school at Alstead, N. H., and "boarding around," he was subjected to much exposure during a stormy winter, and was prostrated by severe and continued sickness, cough, and tenderness of the lung.s, which clung to him through life; but during tiiis illness there were intervals for study, which he so well improved that when he resumed teaching he found himself with vastly increased resources, which soon brought with them reputation and position. During this sickness, while confined to his room, and mostly to his bed, he succeeded in solving the problem of the principles by which the laws of planetary motion were governed, without dreaming that it was one of acknowledged difliculty. In after-years, when he became familiar with books, he learned from La Laud's " Astronomy" that his problem had long occupied the attention of learned men, and that the Astronomical Society of Paris had ottered a valuable prize ibr its solution. His feelings of gratification at finding his figures agreed with the accepted demonstration, may well be imagined. In

1829, when twenty-eight years of age, he opened a select school in Woodstock, Vt., which he conducted with great success for five years, at the same time studying Latin, Greek, and French. He gave up the school to go to Boston, where he could avail himself of the libraries, and gain access into scientific circles, and supported himself by teaching in the public schools.