Lorain City (part 51 of 77)

"Ilis efforts were not simply verl)al. Never was he more skillful than now in rallying men about him to produce desired effects. At times he travelled so continually that he would write home, 'The heading for this week's chapter is "Six nights in a sleeping-car." ' During the brief three and a half years allotted to him, he called on hundreds of possible Oberlin supporters all over the country and gave more than four hundred sermons and speeches mostly before teachers' associations, schools, and colleges. By this means he spread 0])erlin's influence, made her many new friends, and attracted to her botli more students and more kinds of students. [Tnder his inspiration nearly .$600,000, not including gifts for buildings, were added to the college resources; this Sinn not only I'emoved the annual deficit, but made it ])ossible to I'etain men of powei" already in the faculty and to add to their iiumiier. 'IMiroiigh the generosity of Lueieii ('. Warner, Louis II. Severance and I). Willis James, a .Men's (lymiiasium and a Laboratory were liiiilt, jiiul tlic money secured for a Memorial Arch. Other results of his leadersliii) wei'e the hetter atljustmeiit of tlie colle<j:e re(iiuremeiits to Ihc hcst, scc()ii(hiry schools, closer harmony uilh the ns!it,'es of the forciriost American coilcf^es, the estaltlishmcnt of ^n-adiiati! sciioiarships as incentives to advanced study, consi(leral)Ie modilications of student regulations in the interests of larger liberty, the appointment of a College Dean and a College Secretary, more ample provision for the teaching of the Englisii language and literature, the strengthening or sifting out of poor students, hj' means of a committee on detieient scholarship, and a reunion of all Oherlin alumni, the si)ecial feature of which was the discussion of burning educational topics by representative men from American univei'sities. lie gave courses of lectiires to Freshmen, on John Frederick Obei'Iin, Hooks, and J\Ietho(ls of Study; to Seniors, on Ethics, to the Seminary, on Comparative Religions. He was glad to add to the college's notable collection of photographs and to lecture in connection with their exhibition. He brought many of his distinguished friends to sjjcak to the student body. He took a lively interest in the College Glee Club, athletics, oratory and debates. To the Oberlin Conservatory of IMusie he gave his hearty commendation. He was grateful not only for its excellent routine work, but for its service to tiie churcli music, its siiuport of a great chorus, and tiie eminent musician that it regularly brought before Oberlin audiences. R>y means of the iiosl)itality to whicii he was given, .he stimulated social life among students and faculty and brought tiie conununity and college into more cordial relations.

"The lo.sses of the college, through the deaths of some of its trustees and teachers, he made his own. He said at President Fairchild's funeral: 'For three years I have been a message-bearer from groups of alumni in different parts of the country, who have sent him through me their messages of grateful and reverent love. It was pleasant to see the quiet joy in his face that reflected all the Beatitudes. A few days ago T brought to him a grateful message from his friends in Southern California. 1 could not remain, a.s the physician was in waiting, to tell him all that I had to say and his last words to me (and how significant they are) were tliese: "We'll talk over the rest of it later." Those words ari' a comfort to all of us. "We shall not see this ]\Iaster in oiii' Israel again on the sli'cets which he made radiant by his presence, but il is his faith and ours that the fellowships of time are to be continued beyond. From the passing days he took not their i)Oorest, but tiieir l)est gifts; not a few herbs and ai)i)les, but the stars and kingdoms of llic soul, and tlic sky that holds lliem all.'

"On Deeeniber 31, 1901, he retnrned from Cleveland very happy at tlie snceessfnl end of a movement in winch Oherlin had been engaged, to raise $:iOO,000, and tliereljy secure $'200,000 more, that .Air. Rockefeller had offered conditionally. liut he was tired and the following months brought liim little rest, Avhich may partly account for his declination of an invitation to take charge of all the congresses in connection with the St. Louis K.xposition of 1904. Ilis engagements carried him to California where lie gave thirty-six addresses, among them the tii-st course of Earl lectures before tlie Pacific Theological Seminary. According to his letters botli Berkeley and Stanford have 'vast outlooks into the twentieth century. One is overwhelmed on the Pacific Coast by the possibilities of the American future.'

".Alost of jMarcli, April, and ]\Iay he spent in Oherlin, glad to be working at home, to entertain his faculty with a series of dinners, and to give the Baccalaureate Sermon before the Theological Seminary. On ]\Iay IHth be j)reached in his old Chicago pidpit, on 'Lessons from the Life of Jolm Frederick Oberlin. ' This sermon, wlucli joined his old life to his new, was his last address. From Ciiicago he went (o New Haven to a banquet in honor of Professor Fisher, and thence to the meeting of the General Assend)ly in New York where he rejoiceil over llie fiiud action concerning tlu; Re,vision of tlie Westminster Confession. Oji his way home, he was prostrated by an illness that proved to be pneumonia, complicated by pericarditis. Tliis resulted in his death the morning of June 3rd, ten days later.

"During his illness the anxio\is crowds before the bulletin board from seven in the morning until eleven at night, the grave faces and hushed voices of students, faculty, and townspeople, bore witness to the love in which he was held. The students gathered in a mass meeting and sent Jiim the following message: 'AVe, tlie student body of Oberlin College, send to our dear president our fullest sympathy and ()ur ]jrayer in tliis great need. You have stood not alone for the Oherlin ideals of Christian character and democracy, b\it yon have stood also for th(;ir realization in the liroadest, most liberal, and most modern Innii. Yon have ever been lo ns all thai a noble presideiil could be, and we pray that (iod will spare you lo us. We could not beai" foi' our own sake that you should lack now this simple ex|)ressioii of oui- iin'e('lion that is cvei- yours.' Such messages as this and letters and telegrams IViiMi absent rrjen<ls lilled his last days with happiness. As lie struggled heroically with pain, that farewell week, his devotion to the college for wliicii he had spent himself, and his tireless tiioughtfulness of almost countless friends, were honi'ly evident. lie left loving messages for scores of pc()i>]e, remcml)eriiig hy name famons preachers, men of affairs, parishioiu-'rs both rich and lowly, struggling students, his Oherlin faculty, his hosts and hostesses in distant places, missionaries to far lands, and many more. He did not forget his little girls in his Lemon and Soda Society and requested that their yearly dues l)e doul)led when his goodbye was sent them. He asked, too, that his body might rest in Oberlin and that JManning might be placed beside him. He faced death wittingly, with the blessed peace of one about to gain the crown of life.

"Ilis ))urial was princely. For three days no college classes met, and all Oberlin business was suspended llie morning of his funeral. This was held on June fiftli, in tlie Second Cluirch of Olierliu. The speakers were his minister. Dr. II. j\I. Tenney, the dean of the college, Professor Henry C. King, who has since become his successor, and Dr. L. C. Warner of Oberlin 's Board of Trustees. Their loving words, the wonderful display of tlowers sent from many places, and the strains of the Gounod Sanctus and Benedictus sung by grieving students, helped to soften and ennolile the hard fact of death and to express the sorrow of the Oberlin community and of l)usiness men, educators, divines, aJid other friends who had assend)led from afar.

"The casket was carried from the church to West wood Cemetery liy seventy-two young men of the four college classes. As one of his faculty has written: 'He showed to his students everywhere such courtesy, such an interest in tlieir sports, their studies, their spiritual welfare, they could not but feel that he was their friend. It was fitting tiiat he should be tenderly borne to his grave by their .strong anus, - relay succeeding relay, and all eagerly giving this proof of their love. As they passed through our streets l)etween its crowds of spectators, their gracious service reminded us of a siuular scene depicted by Browning in ''A (I'raiiiniai'ian's I'^ineral:"

" 'He gave His body to tliis pleasant comitry's earth. And his pure soul unto his captain, Christ, Under whose colours he had fought so long.' "

No one person luis ever b(!eii connected lont^cr or more proniineiilly with Jiistoricul and arelicological research in the Western Reserve than Col. Charles Whittlesey, who, a yoiinj^ man, first settled in Brownhelin Township as a pioneer woodsman and builder. lie was a graduate of AVest Point; fought in the Black Hawk war of 1831-32; in 183'J was connected with the first Ohio Geological Survey; later, made a thorough examination of the ancient earthworks of the state, and in the late '4Us made a geological survey of what became the famous Lake Superior copper region. In the Civil war he was colonel of the Twentieth Ohio Regiment and chief engineer of the Department of Ohio, on the second day of the battle of Shiloh being in command of a l)rigade and esijuciaily conuuended for bravery. After retiring from the army, Colonel Wliittlesey again turned his attention to the exploration of the Lake Superior region and the upper Mississippi Basin. In 1867 he organized the Western Reserve Historical Society, with lieadcpiarters in Clevehmd, his residence, and remained its i)resident until his death in 1886.

Judge Charles C. Baldwin, who pa.ssed liis boyhood in Elyria, was far more than a member of the bench and bar of Cuyahoga Countj'. With Col. Charles Whittlesey, he was one of the founders of the Western Reserve Historical Society of Cleveland, and succeeded his friend and co-worker as president, at the death of Colonel Whittlesey in 188G. Both were widely known for their historical, anthropological and antiquarian researches and publications, and were ever ready to encourage and assist others in such {ields. At Judge Baldwin's ileath in Cleveland, Feljruary 2, 1895, when he had but just entered his sixtyfirst year, he had achieved a high rei)utation as a lawyer, a judge, a financier, a man of practical affairs and a deep scholar. He was a man of tireless industry, positive in his views, even aggressive in his temperament, but withal so symjjathetic, lielpfid, straiglitforward and friendly that, although lie had antagonists, he made no enemies.

When Charles was five months old, his parents moved to Elyria, Ohio. A considerable part of the journey was made by boat on the Erie Canal, at that time the most luxux'ious mode of travel. The crowded condition of the boat made it necessary for many ladies to sleep upon the Hoor of the ladies' cabin, and it was with the greatest difficulty that a berth was secured for the infant and his mother - a favor, which we are told, was the more readily granted because of the lusty use which he made of his untrained vocal powers.

In 1834 Northern Ohio was mainly a wilderness. The first clearings in the forests of Lorain County by white settlers had been effected less than twenty-five years before, but scarcely any progress was made in settlement until after the War of 1812. Elyria was not occupied by settlers until 1817. Though the accessions to the population from then on were unusually rapid for those times, the dense forests yielded slowly to the woodman's ax ; so that it is related that when Charles was two years old he was lost in the woods where the Elyria depot now stands.

Judge Baldwin's father was a most energetic, successful and highly respected mercliant in Elyria from 1835 to 1847. During this period there is little direct knowledge of the boy's experience; but from a descrij)tion of the times which Judge Baldwin gives in a biography of his father much can be learned indirectly concerning the history of that formative portion of his life.

The trade of a merchant was at that time chiefly conducted by barter. Potash in its various forms, derived from leaching the aslies obtained by l)urning the heavy timber, constituted the chief article of conuuerce with the P]ast, and was considered as good as cash. IMuch lumber was also sent by way of the Erie Canal to New York. The dry goods and groceries were brought with great difficulty after the clo.se of navigation, and Mr. Baldwin's father displayed his energy in highest degree in overcoming these difficulties of prompt transpoi'tation.

All this was well calculated to impress the mind of a ])oy in his teens, as were also the scenes which he conslantly witnessed about his father's store. " lOlyria in those days," writes -Judge Baldwin, "was a sight to see. Tile farmer came over the road with his heavy wagon, frequently with oxen, for twenty-fiv<; miles, bringing ])art of his family and such articles as he had to sell, and doing tlie trade for the spring and the fall. The street at midday would l)e full of wagons, there often heing oni; liundred, more or less." Tlic perplexities of IIk; merchant were increased during tliis perioil hy tlie terrihle financial crisis of 18L57, and Seymour liiddwin was one of the few who passed through it without failure. Tlic impress of sucii a father was indelil)le upon tlie mind of the son, wliile the importance of energy and persevei-ance was emphasized by the loving, but faithful pressure of parental discipline. Judge Baldwin frequently said he never eovdd forget the lessons of perseverance which liis father taught him by insisting that when he was sent for the cows he must not come liome without them, but must overcome his timidity and look in every nook and corner of the pasture until they were found - a habit of action whicli was pre-eminent throughout all his later life.

A little more than a year after reaching Elyria, Charles' mother died, leaving his lirotiier, David, an infant five days old. After a time their father married lor a second wife I\Iiss Fidelia Hall, who thus came into the care of these snudl children. Of lier Judge Baldwin wrote that she was as gentle and conscientious as any mother could l)e.

In 1S47 the family returned to Connecticut, and resided for nine years in I\Ieriden. During this period, when fourteen years of age, Charles entered a boarding school in INIiddlelown to i)rei)are for college. Among his companions at tliat time, and one with whom he manitained pleasant association in late life, was the distinguished iiistorian, John Fiske. At the age of sixteen, Charles entered Wesleyan University, ]\liddleto\vn, graduating with honor in August, 185.5, at the age of twenty. Among his classmates was Justice Brewer, late of the Supreme Court of tliL' United States. Tnuiiediately upon graduating from college, young Baldwin entered Harvard Law School, taking the degree of LL. B., in 1857.

Lucy Stone, of ^lassachusetts, one of the earliest and most eloquent of the pioneers in the e(|ual-rigiils movement, graduated from Obcrlin in 1847. During her four years' course, she supi)orted herself partly by tejjching in the long vacations and partly by doing housework in Ihe Ladies' hoarding Hall at ){ cenls an iiour. She was au aelivi- |)i'()pagaiidis1, of aid i-slavery and woman's rights doctrine among the stuilents, ami was re^^arded as a dangerous ehaiacter by liie more eon- .servative ])rofessors, although, as one of them said to her many years al'ler, "You know we always liked you, iju<'y!" Anioinelle ilrown of

'J'hr yoiui^' nicii liad to hohl deiiates, as part of llieir work in rlietorie. The young women were reqnired to be present, in order to help form an audience for the young men, but they were not allowed to take part. Luey Stone was intending to lecture and Antoinette Brown to preach. Tliey wanted tlie practice in puljlic speaking. They and some others petitioned tliat the girls should be allowed to share in the debates. With many misgivings, the authorities allowed them to take part in one. It proved an unusually brilliant one, l)ut the faculty decided that it was contrary tu St. Paul for women to speak, and that it must not hapi)en again. An old colored woman who owned a small house, and whom Lucy Stone had taught to read, (-on.sented to let them meet in her parlor. Coming by one and two at a time, so as not to attract notice, the debating club used to a.s.semble there and discuss all sorts of high sul)jects. In summer they sometimes met secretly in the woods.

When Luey Stone graduated, she was invited to write an essa^' to be read at commencement, but she was told that one of the professoi's would have to read it for her, as it was not proper for a woman's voice to be heard in public. Rather than to consent to this, she declined to write it. JMaiiy years after, when Oberlin celebrated its semi-centennial, she was invited to be one of the speakers en that great occasion.

Among tlie famous residents of Lorain County were Generals Quiney A. (iillniore and Charles C. Parsons, and it happened that both achieved their greatest war fame in the artillery service of the Union Army during the Civil war.

Quiney Adams Gillmore was born at Black River, in 1825. After attending Norwalk Academy and lillyria High School, he began to study medicine and wrote for publication. There was a vacancy at AVest Point and the boys appointed failed to pa.ss. In the search for a suitable candidate, Gillmore was recommended because of iiis integrity and scholarship. lie was not in the neighborhood at the time of the arrival of the messenger who sought him, who therefore passed Black River to seek other likely young ukmi of military am])itions. But word was soon brought to young Gillmoi-e, who ])romptly mounfed his hoi'se and gave chase, ovei-takiiig liis man in time to secure llu- appointment. In 184!) be graduated from the West Point Academy at the head of his class and entered the service.

It is often claimed that General (Jillmore's cannonade and capture of Fort Pulaski revolutionized the naval gunnery of the world, and extended his fame throughout Europe as well as America. For that service he received the brevet of lieutenant colonel and was made brigadier general of volunteers April 28, 1862. His next notable success was with the noted "Swamp Angel," a gun used in the siege of Charleston. The gun was apparently planted in the edge of the sea, but really in the ' shallow marsh between ]\Iorris and James islands. There a firm foundation was laid, a low breastwork built around the gun, and 100-pound shells were dropped into Charleston. But it was only fired thirty-six times, exploding at the last discharge. Other guns soon after did as etl'ective work, but the "Swamp Angel" is remcinliercd because it first proved the practicability of the method.

Later, Cieneral Gillmore, with the Tenth Cori)s, took part in the final operations of the Army of the James River. lie received brevets of brigadier general and major general for services before Charleston, resigning his volunteer conunission as major general in Decendjer, 18(i5.

After the war, General Gillmore was engaged upon important engineering works, and his name is closely associated with the improvement of the Charleston and Savannah harbors, with other like works along the Atlantic Coast and, as president of the ]\lississippi River Commission, with the great works which were projected for tiie rectification of that great waterway. His treatises on Road ^Making and Paving are regarded as the highest authority. He was l)reveted four times for meritorious conduct, upon the last occasion as major general of the I'nited States Army "for gallant and meritorious conduct in capturing Forts Wagner and Gregg and for the demolition of Fort Sumter." Although after the war he bought the old'hoine farm at Plack River and converted it into a vineyard, he spent much of the later period of his life in the East, and died at Brooklyn, New York, in 188S.

Gen. Charles C. Par.sons was ])orn in iOlyi'ia in 18158, -rradualed from West Point in 18G1, and soon afterward was placed in comuumd of a which became famous both in llu; Union and ( 'onfedei-ale.

ciriiiics. After the war lie Ix'canie cliiL'f of artillery in General llaiieock's Indian I'xpeditions, hnt later took orders in the i'rotestanl, lOpiscojial (^Inircli. His dealli occiu'rcd at Mein|)liis, Scjitendicr 7, 1H7!), and was dire(itly traceable to overwork during tlie terrible yellow fever epidejriie of tliat year. His end proved liini to he a moral, as well as a ])atriotie hero.

(Jliarles Carroll Parsons was the son of Jonathan Trunil)ull and j\[ary C. Parsons, who moved from Bloomfield, Hartford County, Connect lent, to Elyria, in 1827, and settled on what was then fanning land. The father died when tlie son was hnt six months old, and a few years afterward the widow married U('V. William Putlin. Charles, however, had a favorite uncle with whom he lived during most of his boyhood and youth. He was hriglit, active and studious and in 1857, through the influence of Judge Philemon liliss, who was then in Coiigress, was appointed a West Point cadet.

]\Ir. Parsons- graduated from the military school in 1861, was at once commissioned a first lieutenant and assigned to the Fourth Iieginient, U. S. Artillery. After serving a few months in the mountains of West Vii'ginia, he joined General Huell 's ti'Ooi)s, wlio by a loreed march readied tlie battielield of Shiloh at tlic close of tlie iirst day's disastrous Iiattlc (leneral Hitell's troops ci'ossed the river as .soon as I)ossiblc, the army was rallied aiitl hefore morning took its position for the second day's battle. Lieutenant Parsons commanded a battery of I'liitcd States 1roui)s in that battle, and for distinguished bravery in. the action was i)romoted to a cai)taiiicy. In the early .sunnaer he ohtained a leave of ahsence, returned North and was married to -Miss Celia Lijjpett, of lirooklyn, New York. Keturning to lUity, he reached Louisville, where he found communication with liis battery cut otf by General Bragg. General Terrel, then in command of a brigade at that point, made a detail of 200 raw infantrymen and ordered them to rejjort to Captain Parsons for duty. With them he organized an eight-gun battery, which he commanded at I^erryville. Tn that engagement General Jackson, his division commander, and General Terrel, who .commanded the brigade, were killed almost at Ids side, and forty of his own men fell either dead^ or wounded. His horses were also nearly all killed, and the troops supporting the battery I'ctreated. Still Captain l-'arsons stood by his ginis ; his was then truly a one-man battery.

At. this juncture a column of (Confederates advanced to take the guns, ami the captain, with his face to the enemy retreated backwards. A hundred guns were raised to shoot him, but the enemy commander ordered them not to tire, each officer gave the other the military salute, and Captain Parsons walked deliberately away. During tiie following

Tliu next Ijaltlo in wliicli Captain Parsons participated was that of Stone Kiver. Ceneral (afterward Governor) Palmer, of Illinois, said of him: "During tlie whole day 1 regarded the battery commanded by Capt^un Parsons as my right arm. My orders to Parsons were simple : 'Fight where you can do the most good.' Never were orders better obeyed." For his part in the battle Captain Parsons was breveted lieutenant colonel of tiie regular army. Soon afterward, however, he was obliged to go to New York for a surgical operation, and after his recovery was detailed as an instructor at tlie AVest Point ]\Iilitary Academy. There he remained until the close of the war and for the two succeeding years was stationed at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, when he was again ordered to AVest Point as a teacher.

The return of Colonel Parsons to the military academy was the turning of his distinguished career as a soldier into quite different channels. AVhile engaged in the i)erformance of his duties there as an instructor in the profession and art of war, he became ac(puunted with Pishoi) (^uintard of the diocese of Tennessee, under whose guidance he began the study of theology. Resigning liis position in tlie army, he repaired to ]\Iemi)his, took holy orders in 1S70, and, for a lime, served as rector of St. Mary's Church in that city. He was soon called to St. Clary's in the Highlands, at Cold Spring, opi)o.site AVest Point, New York, where he remained two years. Father Parsons was then in charge of the Church of the Holy Innocents at Iloboken, New Jersey, for three years, when, soon after the death of his wife, he returned to IMemphis to assume his office as canon of St. IMary's cathedral. There he laliored with his accustonunl zeal and ability, and finally met that sweei)ing epidemic of yellow fever with the liravery of the soldier consecrated by the spirit of the priest.

The press of these terrible days, in speaking of the soldier-priest on September 6, 1878, bore many messages of comfort to his numerous frieiuls. A former comrade wrote as follows in the Chicago Tribune: "A man of polished intellect, beautiful soid, the jiossessor of every grace, Pai'sons seems to Jiave been created for the sweet oftices of charity aiiil Iriciulsliip. From tlie outbreak of the pJague until he became one of its victims, he had been constantly busied (as he wrote me a few days ago) in caring for the dead, the dying and forsaken. He has been winning the useful victories of ])eace; he has stood by his guns, but, alas! the invisibk^ enemy, less gt-nerous than the visible, has not held his lir'c." Anolhei' IViciid in the .Madison (Wisconsin) Democi'at : "He hiokcil death caliiilv in Hie lace and when his turn came died as a true

Note is made clscwlierc of how ex-Governor ITerrick, and late and)assador to France, delivered an address at the Ilunting'ton liome-eoming of ]915. Altliough a lawyer by profession, he has been so long before the public, in various capacities, that his personal sketch seems logically to fall in this chapter. Ilis birth at Huntington occurred on the 9th of October, ISHy. Jioth his grandfathers were Revolutionary soldiers, liis paternal ancestor of that generation being Timothy Ilerrick, who, in 1837, migrated from Watertown, New York, when Tiniotiiy R. (the governor's fatiier-to-be) was l)ut nine years of age.

]\Iyron T. Ilerrick was reared in the vicinity of the old farm, and attended the district school at Huntington, the Union School at Wellington, and Oberlin College and the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Oliio. Wliile at college in his seventeenlh year, he taught scliool for a time. Although he did not graduate fi'om eitlier college or university, he has an honorary A. M. from the Wesleyan institution conferred in 18!)9. liefore attaining his majority, tiie young man traveled througli tiie Southwest, and his h'tters published in tlie eastern press' contained much valual)l(! information for those seeking homes in tliat section of the United States.

In 1875 Colonel Ilerrick located at Cleveland for the purpose of reading law, entering the office of his relatives, (J. E. and J. F. Ilerrick. In 1878 he was admitted to the bar and, although lie entered active practice, became interested in tinancial matters, and in June, 1886, commenced his career as a banker b}' organizing the Euclid Avenue National Bank. In the following September he resigned from the directorate of that institution to become secretary-trca.siirer of the Society of Savings, holding that office until 18i)4, when he assumed the presidency. Colonel Ilerrick and his associates in tlie banking business also erected the Arcade Building, extending from Euclid Avenue to Superior Street and considered one of the finest structures of the kind in the country. He also became largely intei'cstcd in other productive real estati; in the heart of Cleveland.

(Jolonel llerriek's pronunence as a republican and a citizen of public, alTairs commenced in ^HH^), when he was elected city councdman, serving in that capacity until 1888. In tiie latter year lie lirst served as a delegate to tlie Ke[)ublican Natioiial Convention, and the honor was repeated in 1892, 1896 and 1904. He acted as Ohio commissioner to tlu! New Yoi'k Centennial in ]889, and in 1S!)2 was selected as a presidi'jitial elc('tor-at-lai-j,'c I'oi- llie slalc in the latter y(!ar (Jovei-nor IMcKiniey ai)j)ointed liim as a menil)er of ids military stall", with tiie rank of colonel, hy vvhicli he is generally best known, lie had Ijcen identified with the Cleveland militia for fourteen years, so that the appointment seemed particularly appropriate.

Colonel Ilerriek's influence as a man of large affairs and a stalwart republican was strikingly manifest by his election to the gul)ernatorial chair in IdO'S. lie served the term covering the years 1904-05 ; was a delegate to the Republican National Convention again in 1908, and commenced liis lately-completed service as andjassador to France in 1912.

Amherst is the birthplace of Frank II. Hitchcock, postmaster general in the Taft cabinet, from 1909 to 1913. His father was Rev. Henry C. Hitchcock, a Congregational minister of long service and high .standing in Lorain County, and his mother (formerly .Mary L. Harris) was the youngest child of .Judge Josiah Harris by a second wife. ^Irs. Hitchcock, the widowed anil venerable mother, is still living on the old iiotnestead near Amherst, but the house where l^'rank IL Hitchcock was born was burned down al)out forty years ago.

The future postmaster general lived in Amherst, wheiv lit; was born October 5, 1867, until he was twelve years of age, when he moved to Boston, Ala.ssaehusetts. He was educated at the Hub and was gratluated from Harvard University, with bis A. U. degree, in 1891. He completed a legal course at (;ohuul)ian (George Washington University) in 1894, which conferred the degree of LL. li. upon him at that time, and LL. U. in 1895.

Mr. Hitchcock was admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia in 1894 and to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1897. In the latter year he commenced his political career as chief of the Division of Foreign Markets, Dei)artment of Agriculture, continued ill that position until 190.'}, was afterward identiiied with the Department of Lal)or and other Government boards, and in 1!)05 became lir.st assistant postmaster general under George B. Cortelyou. As assistant secretary of the Republican National (Joiumittee in 1904-8, he was manager of the campaign of the latter year which resulted in the election of William II. Taft to tlu; presidency, and during the following administration (19()9-l;{) hi; sei'ved as postmaster general, lie has since practiced his profession in New York City.

Chapter Xiii

Contributions from Oberlin College - Company C, Seventh Ohio Infantry - Fatalities - The Squirrel Hunters - Company D, Twenty-third Regiment - Fatalities - Cojipany K, Twentythird Regiment - Fatalities - Regimental History - Company H, Forty-first Regiment - Regimental History - Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry - Company E - Regimental History - The One Hundred and Third Infantry - Company F - Company II - Regimental History - The Forty-third Infantry - The Fiftyfourth Regiment - The German One Hundred and Seventh - Other Infantry Bodies - Battery B, Light Artillery - ^Fifteenth Ohio Independent Battery - Second Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Cavalry - The Twelfth Ohio Cavalry - Other Civil War Organizations - Fifth Regiment, Ohio National Guard.

In proportion to its i)opnlation, Loi-ain Coiuity sent into tiie Ihiiou rank and fiU' an nnnsually larg-e minil)i'r of youth and nu-n, and in no section of tlie state were tiie girls- and tlie women more tireless iu the work of relief tlian tiiose "at iiome. " in the raising of funds, the forwarding of provisions, clothing and medical supplies, and hundreds of other acts which constituted war relief, the large and more effective organizations of Cleveland ahsorlied many of the activities and eontriliutions of the people of Loi-ain County; hut no thought of distinctive credit entered the minds of the patriots of those days; the all-important aim was to get tlie relief to the front as rapidly as possible.

The all-pervading sentiment of patriotism so manifest during the period of the Civil war was only to be exi)ccted from communities which had so long been molded by strong moral and religious influences, with a .sustained sentiment of many years gi'o\itli against the inslitution of slavery; and Olierlin Colh'ge, as tlie strongest U>vvc/i\i the proi)nlsi()ii and dis.seminatioii of sueii influences, nolily proved hei- faitli liy her works.

In speaking of tlie part taken Ijy Lorain County in the Civil war, a special tribute must be paid the student body of Oberlin College. The l^utriotic drafts upon the membership of that institution, upon several occasions, threatened the very life of tl)e college. On April 20, 1861, not long after the firing on Fort Sumter, more tlian 430 students applied for admission to Company C, Seventh Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Only eighty-one, tlie maximum of tlie company, were received. A second company was promptly organized and filled to its maximum, and, a few months after Company C enlisted, Oberlin College and vicinity sent another company to the Forty-first Regiment. In tlie second year of the war still another company Avas raised in the college and the village to join the One Hundred and Third Regiment, and not long afterward, when Cincinnati appeared to. be threatened by the Confederate cavalry, every student in the college able to bear arms marched to the defense of that city. Although the services of these so-called Squirrel Hunters were not required, their prompt action showed their manly spirit and they returned home with honor; but hundreds of Oberlin students there were who saw actual .service on the battle field, and many eiieerfully sacrificed their lives to the Union. A testimony to this patriotism is tlie Soldiers' I\Ionument which stands opjiosite the cumpus.

On the opposite side of the Memorial are the names of Lieutenant Herbert Kenaston, U. S. A., and the privates who also fell in line of duty. Fredericksburg, Stone River, Gettysburg, Fort Wagner, Chieka:- niauga and Pittsburg Landing are etched in this stony face, as they must have been in the memories of the gallant soldiers when alive.

On the side facing South Professor Street is the sad and gallant record of Company C, Seventh Ohio Volunteers. There appear the names of Captain 0. P. Brockway, Lieutenant E. H. Smith and Charles F. King, and the battles of Cross Lanes, Cliattanooga, Winchester, Port Republic, Cedar Mountain and Antietam, and on tlie reverse side of the monument, Ringgold, Petersburg, Fort Harrison, Five Forks, Cold Harbor, Olustie and Port Hudson.

There are otlier memorials of the Civil war than those of stone. For instance, tliere is an elm nearly oi)posite the Carnegie Library upon whose massive trunk is the inscription: "Transplanted vXpril 2, ISf)!), by Purl'ord Jeakins, Oberlin College, 'Gl ; Company C, 7lh Regt, 0. V. 1. .Alortally wounded at Cross Ijaiies, August 2G, lH(il. Died at (Janiieux Ferry, W. Va., September 22, lH(il."

Company C, Seventh Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which contained HO many 01)erlin .stuch-nts, was mustered into the service at Camp Dennison, Oliio, June 20, 3861, and mustered out at Cleveland, on the (Jtli of July, 1864. Following were its commissioned officers:

Second Lieutenant Henry AV. Lincoln, promoted from sergeant to second lieutenant, August 9, 1862; to first lieutenant, November 6, 1862; resigned January 7, 1863.

Second Lieutenant Isaac C. Jones, enrollecl ]\Iarch 1, 1863; promoted from sergeant to second lieutenant; died November 30, 1863, of wounds received in the battle of Ringgold, Georgia, November 27, 1863.

Company C was with its regiment for more than three years, and its record shows what a firm basis trne grit has in moral sentiment. The Seventh Regiment was made up entirely of Northern Ohio men, and John S. Casem(!nt of Painesville was its first major. He resigned after a time, and assisted in raising other organi>:ations. He ascended the steps of pi'omotion until he was brigadier-general when he left the service. At the expiration of the term of service for which they were nuistered, the regiment re-enlisted, almost to a man, for three years; and on June 20, 1861, it started for the iield to take part in the opening of the campaign in Western Virginia, and on the following day first set foot on Rebel .soil, near Benwood. They marched along the line of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad to Clarksburg and went into camp. There a l)eautiful stand of colors was presented to the regiment by Captain Schulte, in l)ehalf of the "Social Turnverein," of Cleveland. The regiment made its first march fully equipped. The day was oppressively hot, and before one mile had been laboriously overcome many valuable and useful articles, supposed to be absolutely indispensable, had become an intolerable burden ; at three miles, when a halt was ordered, the men went deliberately to work reducing their baggage. Blankets, dress uniforms, books, underclothing and every article that could possibly be dispensed with, were emptied on the ground and left there. This march teniiinated at Weston. After doing considerable nuirehing, tlu; I'egiiiient reached Cross Lanes on the 10th of August; and it was there, on the 25th of the same month, that they had their first tight, which proved a disastrous affair. The regiment was obliged to rdi'eat, altliough jt iield its ])o.sition for some time against overwhelming numbers. Its loss was 120 in killed, wounded and prisoners. The next battle was at WinchestiT, on March 2.'5(i. At '.i o'clock P. I\l. tlie battle began in earnest and raged furiously until dark, resulting in success to the Union army. Again at i'ort Rei)ublie the Seventli fouglit si)lendidly and elfeetively. In that engagement, with less than 3,000 men, Stonewall Jackson's force of 14,000 Confederates was held at bay for five hours. The Union forces were, however, obliged to retreat. On August Dth, at Cedar IMountain, the regiment was again at the front and engaged in a fierce haiul-tohand conflict. Of tlie 300 men engaged in tlie "Seventli" only 100 escaped unhurt. The next battle was at Antietam, but it would recpiire a volume to tell of all the fighting the regiment did. On Saturday, June 24, 1864, it took its departure for Cleveland, where it was mustered out of the service on the 8th day of July following, having been in the field a little more tlian three years. During that time 1,800 men had served in it, and wiien mustered out there were but 240 men remaining to bring liouie their colors, pierced by the shot and sliell of more liian a score of battles.

Killed in liattle: First Sergeant Arthur C. Danl'ord, proiimted to lirst sergeant November 20, 18(il ; killed at Wincluster, \'ii'ginia, .March 23, 1862.

Died: Sergeant William W. raniieiiler, taken prisoner at battle of Cro.ss Lanes, Virginia, August 26, 1861 ; died in I'arisii Prison, New Orleans, Louisiana, Novendjer 18, 1861.

Sergeant John Gardner, appointed sergeant May 1, 1863; died Deeend)er 19, 18G3, of wounds reeeived in l)attle of Ringgoltl, Georgia, November 27, 1863.

William Uiggs, taken prisoner at l)attle of Ci'o.ss J>anes, Virginia, August 26, 1861, and died in Parish Prison, New Orleans, Louisiana, Oeto!)er 17, 1861.

In striking contrast to the foregoing record is tliat of tlie organization, which so promptly assembled, in the antumn of 1862, to re[)el the Confederate general, Kirby Smith, from his anticipated attack npon Cincinnati. (Governor Tod had issued a proclamation calling npon all who would furnish themselves with rations and arms to turn out, organize under their own officers, and rendezvous at the threateued city, ti-ansportutiou over the railroads to he provided by the Goverinnent. About 350 citizens of Lorain County responded to the call of the governor. They saw no fighting, but tlieir work was cheerfully performed, and they were ready for wliatever might come, (iovernor Tod cau.sed lithograph discharges to be forwarded to those whose names could be obtained, and not a few of tliem have been preserveil by the descendants of the lioiiie gaiard, as highly prized documents. Although those who thus gathered at Cincinnati were afterward jocosely called Scpiirrel Hunters, tiiey W(;re always honored just the same.

Company D, of the Twenty-third Regiment, was recruited mostly from Loi-ain County. It went into the service over 100 hundred strong, being organized at Camp Taylor, Cleveland, May 16, 1861. It was )iiustered out at Cumberland, ^Maryland, July 2(), 1865.

The fatalities of the coini)any durin<? tlie war include the following: Sergeant Thomas G. Wells, killed in tlie battle of Soutii .Mountain, ]\Laryland, September 14, 1862.

Corporals Timothy C. Wood and Lyman W. Carpenter, both of whom died at Cliarleston, West Virginia, the former November 20, 1862, and the latter, August 8th of that year.

Companies T) and K had the honor of being units of one of the most famous regiments which ever went from Ohio - famous, not only for its soldierly record, but for tlie after-fame of its commanding officers. Their simple names are the proof to all who have even an inkling of American history. William S. Ro.secrans was colonel, Stanley Matthews lieutenant colonel, and Rutherford B. Hayes major, when the regiment was first organized. Under command of Colonel K. P. Scammon, the Twenty-third went into active service in West Virginia, meeting with the new and exciting events common to inexperienced soldiers, which were almost forgotten amid tlie sleruer iralities of active warfare.

The regiment particij)aled in tlie baltles of Carnifex Ferry, Virginia, Seplciiiber' 10, 1861, and Ciles (!oiirtiiousc. May 10, 1862, and iiad the lionor of opening the batlh' of Soulh Mountain, September 14, 1S62, wliere it, lost thirty-liirei! men killed and eighty wounded, among tile latter Rulhcrford B. Hayes, afterward President of the United Slates. As an incident of this battle, it is said that tlie Twelftli and

Tweuty-third Ohio and Twelfth and Twenty-third North Carolina - Companies B on each side - were directly engaged with each otiier. The Twenty-third, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Hayes, was in the advance on that day. It was an early hour to advance up the mountain and attack the enemy. From beiiind stone walls the Confedei-ates poured a destructive iire into the Federal ranks at very short range. The conunand of the Twenty-thinl fell upon j\Iajor Comly after Lieutenant Coloiud Hayes was wounded, tlie latter again nud<ing his appearance on the tield, with his wound half dressed, and fought, against' tile remonstrances of the whole command, until carried ott'. Near the close of the day at Antietam a change was made by the division to which the Twenty-tliird lielonged, and it was exposed to a large force of the enemy posted in a cornfield in the rear of the left. Its colors were sliot down, and at the same time a feint was made in its front. The colors planted on a new line at right angles with its former front, and the regiment formed a line in the new direction, and opened fire upon the enemy, who retired. The division withdrew, hut no order reached the Twenty-third, and it remained on the field until the division commander returned and ordered it to the rear.

Tiie Twenty-third assi.sted in heading off Moi'gan's conunand at Buifington's Island, ttien returned to Charleston, West Virginia, and afterward .ioined General Crook's forces for a raid on the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad. :\Iay i), 1864, the Twenty-third fought at Cloyd Mountain. The enemy occupied the first crest of tlie mountain, defended by artillery' and rudely-constructed breastworks. The hill was steej), thickly wooded, ditificult of ascent, and skirted by a stream of water two or three feet deep. At the word of command the regiment advanced across the stream to the foot of the mountain, under a heavy fire of Jiuisketry and artillery, without returning the fire of tlie enemy. A fnrious assault was made upon the enemy's works, carrying tliem, with two i)ieces of artilleiy. The struggle at the guns was of the fiercest description. The Confederate artillerynu'n attempted to reload their pieces when the Federal line was not more then ten paces distant. The Twenty-third was with Hunter in the attack on Lynchburg, and in luunerous skirmishes aiul battles in the Shenandoah Valley. At Winchester, July 24, 18(i4, it lo.st 15:5 men. At the battle of Opequan, September l!)th, Hayes' brigade had the extreme i-iglit of the infantry. .Moving foi'wai-d under (ii-e, the briga(h' came ujK)n a deep slough, forty or fifty yards wide and nearly waist deep, wilii soft mud at the l)ottom overgrown with a thick bed of moss. It seemed impossible to get flirough it, aiul tlie wliole line was staggered for u moment. Just then Colonel Hayes ])lunged in willi his horse, and under a siiowei* of iiullets and shells he rode, waded and dragged his way through - the tirst man over. The Twenty-third was ordered by the riglit flank over the slough. At the same place men were suffocated and drowned; still the regiment plungcMl tlii'ougli, re-formed, charged forward again, driving tlie enemy. Tlie division commander was wounded, leaving (!olonel Hayes in command. He was everywhere, exjjosing himself as usual; men were falling all around hiui, but he rode through it all as though he had a eharuied life. No reinforcements, as promised; something must be done to stoj) that tire that is cutting the force so terribly. Selecting some Saxony rifles in the Twenly-third, pieces of seventy-one calil)re, with the range of twelve hundred yards, Lieutenant ]\IcBride was ordered forward with them to kill the enemy's artillery horses, in plain sight. At the first shot a horse drops, immediately another is killed, a panic .seems to seize the artillerymen, and they connnence limbering up. The infantry take the alarm, and a few connnence running from the intrenthments, and the cavalry, which has been hovering upon the flanks, sweeps down upon the enemy, capturing tiiem by regiments; and the battle is at an end. The Twenty-third fougiit at North ^Mountain, September 20, 18G4, and at Cedar Creek, October 19 - a day that is a household word tliroughout the laud. The Twenty-third was mustered out on the 2Gth day of July, ISGf), at Cumberland, Maryland, and was paid and disl)ainlrd at Camp Taylor, Cleveland.

Company II, Forty-first Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was largely recruited from Lorain County, and several joined Company K, of the same regiment. Witli other companies of that stalwart couimand, they saw more than four years of service covering every phase of warfare conceived by the brave and ingenious soldiers of those days.

The Forty-first was one of the famous veteran regiments of the Union army. It was raised iuimediately after the battle of P>ull Run by a luimber of citizens of Cleveland and Capt. William B. Ilazeii, of

A few raiding excursions from this point into Virginia was the oidy relief from daily drills, and in the later part of the month, the regiment was ordered to Louisville, and reported to General Bucll then oi'gani/.ing the Army of Ohio. The Forty-first heeame a part of the Fifteenth lirigade. Nelson's division, and during the winter remained at Camp Wicklift'e, Kentucky. There tlie Forty-first was made the nucleus of a new hrigade (the Nineteenth), to which were assigned the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Indiana and the Sixth Kentucky, commanded hy Colonel Ilazen.

On the 14th of Fehruary, 1862, Nelson's division marched to West Point, which was reached after a severe march of three days. Thence the two Indiana regiments were sent to Grant. Nelson emharked on transports for the Tennessee River, and arrived at Nashville on tlie 27th of February, 1862. Aliout the middle of March, the regiment moved with the army to Savannah on the Tennessee River, arriving witliin two miles of that point tlie Saturday preceding tlie battle of ritlshurg Landing. Heavy firing was heard on the morning of the 6th of April, and at 1 o'clock P. M., after being supplied with rations and ammunition, the regiimMit moved for Pittsburg Landing, one company (G) being left to guard the camp and garrison equipage. At 5 o'clock, the troops arrived opposite the l)attlefield, and Ilazen 's hrigade was the second to cross the river. The regiment lay that night on the field, in the driving rain among the dead and wounded, and at day-light moved forw^ard in its first engagement.

The r^rty-first was on the right of Nelson's division, and when the rebels were discovered to lie advancing Ilazeu's brigade was ordered to charge. The I<'orly-fii'st was ])laced in Ihe front line, and advanced sleailily llii'ough a diMise thicket of undei-growtli, and, emei'ging into llic iiioi-e o|)eii ground, was saluted with a murderous fii-e. The line still advaficed, checked tiie approaching ('onredei'ate.s, drove them back hevond their fortifications and captui-ed tlu'ir guns. Three ol'lieers and three men, who, at different times, carried the colors in the chai'ge, were citlier killed or wounded, and, of the 373 who entered the euyaf^ement, 141 were i)iit out ol" liie li^ht in the space of ludl' an hour.

The ni<,dit after llie hultle, Ilazen's hrif^adt;, as an outlying i'oree, occupied the Tan liark Road upon the left of the army. The regiment occui)ied a miserable camp on the field of battle, surrounded by the half buried bodies of men and horses, until the army moved on Corinth. It suffered wry mucli from exposui'e, during the marcii and in tlie operations iunneilialely following. The Forty-lirst was with Buell's army on its march to Louisville, moving, day after day, over bad roads, with short rations and water supply, until, nearly exhausted, ragged and dirty, it entered Louisville on the West Point Road, and encamped for a three days' rest. On the 2nd of October, the regiment marched against Bragg. At the battle of Perryville, its duties wex*e chiefly in the line of skirinisiiing.

Decend)er 26th, the Forty-first, with the army, moved on iMurfreesboro. At midnight, on the 30th, the regiment took position in the first line facing Cowan's house, and from this time, until the cessation of hostilities, was actively engaged. Of the 410 officers and men of tlie Forty-tii'st, the largest number it ever took into battle, 112 were killed and wounded.

On January 10, 1863, the regiment moved to Reedyville, where, it remained, in comparative (luiet, until the 24th of the following June, when file command moved to TuUahoma; but as that place had been evacuated before they reached it, the troops returned to . Manchester and went into camp. Tents were struck on the 15th of August, and the command moved toward Chattanooga, near Gordon's ]\Iills. About 1) o'clock A. ^1., the battle commenced, and at 1 o'clock P. M. Palmer's division (comprising the Forty-first), went into the fight, attacking in echelon l)y brigatles, Ila/.en's brigade being the first echelon. The regiment advanced rapidly, over an open field, to a strip of woods. After holding the position two hours, and, during the time losing 100 men, the regiment was withdrawn. It was immediately moved to the assistance of General VanCleve, and was continually under fire. At length the brigade was formed in columns, by regiments, and advancing, one after the other, delivered its volley into the dense masses of the enemy, who reeled and fell back. This was the last fighting on Chickanuiiiga. Tlie next day was spent on Mission Ridge, and on the following nigiit the regiment retired to Ciu\ttanooga.

At ;] o'clock in the morning of Octolx-r 27th, fifty-two pontoons, ])('aring Ila/,(Mi's hrigadc, pushed out, sih'iilly from ( Miatlanooga and floated liown the river, in half an hour's time the leading pontoons were ])assing in front of the enemy's pickets on the hank, 100 feet above. The conversation of the rebels could be distinctly heard, but their attention was not once directed to the 1,200 silent enemies floating past, within pistol shot. Just as tlie first pontoon arrived opposite its landing, it was discovered ; but the lauding was eft'ected, the pickets driven in and the hill gained. AVhen the morning haze cleared away, the Confederates on Lookout saw the hills beneath them, commanding two roads to Bridgeport, covered with Union soldiers wlio occupied a position from wliich they could not be driven, with a pontoon bridge to connect them with Chattanooga, almost completed.

At noon, on the 23d of Noveiidjcr, the brigade was ordered to fall in for a reconnoissance. The brigade advanced briskly, driving the enemy's skirmishers into a dense undergrowth, on a small ritlge, between Chattanooga and jMission Ridge. The line followed, and received a heavy fire. Nothing could be seen; but it was too hot a fire to bear quietly. Colonel Willey ordered the regiment to charge, and orders from Ilazen, at the time, directed the taking of tiie line on the hill. Tiie Forty-lirst delivered a volley, trusting to fortune for its effect, tiien dashed forward through tlie thicket and balls into the enemy's works, capturing the colors of the Twenty-eighth Alabama Regiment. In this, its severest, engagement, the Forty-first was associated with the Ninety-third Ohio, which shared fully the danger and honor of the figlit. The jjosition was held without trouble, and was known as Orchard Knob. Soon after the fight. Generals Grant, Thomas and others, passed along the new line, when Thomas, looking at the ground within fifty paces of the rebel Avorks, where the fight had been fici-cest and where lay the hoj-ses of Colonel Willey and Lieutenant-Colonel Kimberly, called for the officers of the regiment, and said to Colonel Willey: "Colonel, I want you to express to your men my thanks for their splendid conduct this afternoon. It was a gallant thing. Colonel - a very gallant thing." That, from General Thomas, was better than an houi-'s speech from any other man.

On the 25th, Ilazen 's brigade moved across the valley from Orchard Knob to I\lission Ridge, under a heavy artillery fire; and, at the foot of the ridge, a dash Avas made and tlie enemies' works captured. The troops were here exposed to canister and musketry, and to remain was impossi))le: so they advanced up the steep hill, swei)t by an oifilading fire of artilleiy; up tliey wont, and when near tlie top, the fire ol; the Foi'ty-first was (lii'c'(;tc(l to tlic batlcrifs on Uic rij^lit. Tlic (loniVdcrates rctiicd, and, willi a clircr, llie line occupied the works on llic ridt^c. A s(|iiiui of th(! I^'orty-lirsl seized a Itattery aliiiost licfore tiic cnciiiy iiad left it, turned it to tlie rigiit and diseiiarged it directly along the sunuuit of the ridge, where the oneniy in front of Newton's division still stubbornly held their position, with the result that Ihey were (piiekly dislodged. Eighteen captured pieces of artillery graced General Ila/.en's headcpiarlers that night, of which the Forty-first and Ninety-third could fairly claim six as their troj)hies, while the former also captureil a Ijattleflag. The Losses were severe. One hundred and fifteen of the Forty-tirst, most of them in the fight of the 23d, had fallen.

After resting scarcely long enough to bury the dead, the regiment moved with its corps for Knoxville. Supplies had been scarce, and before the march was half accomplished two-thirds of the men were walking over the frozen ground barefooted; but with their feet wrapped up in sheep-skins and cow-hides they journeyed on, and finally reached Clinch Mountain, twenty miles above Knoxville. There the regimi'nt re-enlistetl, 180 o\it of 188 becoming veterans, and on the ."jth of January, 1864, starter for Chattanooga, reaching Cleveland, Ohio, on the 2d of February.

AVith nearly 100 reci'uits, the regiment joined its division, in i'];ist Tennessee on the 2Gtli of INTarch, and was placed in a battalion with the First Ohio, Lieutenant-Colonel. Kind)erly commanding. At liocky Face Ridge the battalion was complimented for its steailiness under a galling fire, and at Resaca it gained a crest within seventy-five yards of the enemy's main line and effectually jjrevented the use of his artillery. At Dallas, on May 26tli, the Forty-first lost 180 men out of 2(30. During subsecpient movements the regiment was engaged at Peach Tree Creek, before Atlanta, in the movement against Hood, in DeciMuber, where it did noble work; it participated in the pursuit of Hood, and finally rested at Iluntsville, Alabama.

In June, 1865, the corps end)arked at Nashville, for Texas. Near Cairo the steamer collided with a gunboat, and said< in a few minutes, with all the regimental and company papers and most of the personal property of the officers and men. Fortunately no lives were lost. In Texas the regiment was stationed near San Antonio until November, when it was ordered to be mustered out. It reached Columbus, Ohio, about the middle of the jnontli, and was disciiai'ged on llie 261 h of November, 18(1.'), after four years and one month of creditable service.

The band of the Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry and Company E, of that regiment, drew much of their membership from Lorain County. The company was mustered into the service at Camp Chase near Columlius, in October, 1861, and the band was organized in the following month. The Forty-second was a three-yeai-s' regiment, being mustered out of the service in November, 1864.

Companies A, B, C and D of the Fort.y-second Regiment were )iiustered into the service at Camp Chase, September 25, 1861; Company E, October 30th; Company F, Novemlier 12th, and Coinjianies G, II, I and K, November 26th.

On the 14th of December, 1861, orders were received to take the field, and on the following day the regiment moved by railroad to Cincinnati, and thence by steamer up the Ohio River to Catlettsburg, Kentucky, where it arrived the morning of December 17th. The regiment, together with the Fourteenth Kentucky Infantry and JMcLaughlin'.s squadron of Ohio Cavalry, proceeded to Green Creek. Another advance was made December 31st, and on the night of Januai-y 7, 1862, the whole command encamped within three miles of Paintville. The next morning five companies, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Sheldon took possession of the village. On the evening of the same day Colonel Garfield took the Forty-second and two companies of the Fourteenth Kentucky, and advanced against Marshall's fortified position, about three miles south of Paintville Village. Arriving at about 9 o'clock P. M., they found the works evacuated, and everything valuable either carried away or destroyed. Marching all night, they readied Paintville a little after daylight.

About noo]i on the 9th, Colonel Garfield, with 1,100 infantry from the Forty-second Ohio and other regiments, and about 600 cavalry, started in pursuit of ]\Iarshall, and about 9 o'clock in the evening the advance was fired upon by Marshall's pickets, on the summit of Al)l)ott's

ITill. Oar(iol(] look possession of tlu; liill, hivouaduMl for tlio nif?ht and till! next iiioriiiiif,' coiilimicd tin; |)Ufsuil, ovciMakirif,' tlic ciKjiny at lh<! forks of Rliddlo Creek, tliree miles southwest of rresloiilmrg. Marshall's foree eoiisisteil of al)Out 3,500 men, infantry and cavalry, with three pieces of artillery. Major Pardee, with 400 men, was sent across Middle Creek to attack I\Iarshall directly in front, and Lieutenant-Colonel Monroe (Twenty-second Kentucky) was directed to attack on Marshall's right Hank. The fight at once opened with considerable spirit, and Pardee and IMonroe became hotly engaged with a force four times as large as their own. They held their ground with great obstinacy and bravery until reinforcements reached the field, when the enemy commenced to fall back. The National forces slept upon their arms, and at early dawn a reconnoissaiiee tliseloscd the fact that IMarshall had burned his stores and fled, leaving a portion of his dead upon the field. From this date, for a eonsidera))le time, the regiment was engaged in several expeditions against guerillas.

Tlie arduous nature of the campaign, the exceedingly disagreeable weather, and the want of supplies, were disastrous to the healtii of the troops, and some eighty-[iv(! of the Forty-second died of di.sease. On June 18, this regiment led the advance, and was the first to plant the Union tlag on the stronghold of Cumberland (iap. When the regiment left tlie (iap it numbered 750 men, and while on the march there were issued to it 275 pounds of Hour, 400 pounds of bacon, and two rations of fresh pork: the rest of the food consisted of corn grated down on tin plates and cooked upon them. The distance marclied was 250 miles. The weather was very dry and the men suffered for water. They were without shoes, and their clothing was ragged and filthy. Tiie Fortysecond lost but one man from all causes, and it was the only regiment tiuit brought through its knapsacks and blankets. These proved of great service, as the men were compelled to camp at Portland, Jackson County, Ohio, two weeks before clothing, camp and garrison equipage could be furnished them. "While at Portland the regiment received 103 recruits, and at Memphis, whither it arrived on November 28th, sixtyfive more. It had from time to time received a few, so that the whole numl)er reached 200 or more, and the regiment could turn out on parade nearly 900 men. At Memphis the division was reorganized as the Ninth Division, Thirteenth Army C'orjis.

On (he 201 h of Deeemher the l-'orty-second, with other troops, under (liii. \V. 'i\ ShermiMi, emharked at Memphis, and pi-oceeding down the river, liiiided at -Johnston's plantation on the Yazoo. The Forty-second led the advance against the defenses of Vicksburg on the 27th of DiM-emliei-, and skirmished with the enemy until dark. The next morning the regiment resumed the attack, and by a charge, which was made with, great spirit, succeeded in gaining possession of the woods, driving the Confederates into tlioir works. Al)Out 9 o'clock A. M., on the 2i)th, a charge was made, the Forty-second being on the extreme right of the assaulting column. The storm of shot and shell was terrific, but the regiment maintained its organization and came off the field in good order. An important victory followed, in January, 1863, being the assault upon and capture of Fort Ilindman, Arkansas. In this the regiment led the advance. The spoils were 7,000 prisoners, all the guns and small arms and a large quantity of stores. At Port Gibson the regiment had hot work, and sustained a heavier loss than any regiment in the corps. After the surrender of Vieksburg the regiment marched to Jackson and particii)ated in the reduction of that place, and then returned to Vieksburg, where it remained until ordered to the Department of the Gulf. Companies A, B, C and D were mustered out November 25th, and the other four companies, December 2, 1864. One hundred and one men remained whose term of service had not expired, and they were organized into a company and assigned to the Ninety-sixth Ohio.

The One Hundred and Third Ohio was composed of men from the counties of Cuyahoga, Lorain and ^ledina. Companies F and II being especially representative of Lorain County. Its service covers tiie period from September, 1862, to June, 1865, and Cleveland .saw both the commencement and the close of its good record.

Ten companies of the One Hundred and Third Regiment rendezvoused at Cleveland, in August, 1862, and on the 3d of September started for Cincinnati, which they found in a state of excitement and alarm, l)ccause of the luiar ai)j)roa(Oi of tlu- enemy, under Kirby Siiiilli, upon Lexington, Kentucky. Having received ai-ms in Cincinnati, the regiment crossed over to Covington, when; it was furnished with clothing and other necessaries for camp life. Thus ecjuippcd, it mai'ched out to Fort; Mitchell, on the evening of the 6th.

Ai'ter a few days of suspense, information was received at headquarters that the enemy had retreated. Immediate pursuit' was ordered. Tlie One Hundred and Third moved out on tlie 18tli, with otiier forces, in pursuit, taking the pike toward Lexinf,'ton. Having followed three days, without being able to overtake the Confederate cavalrymen, the National forces returned as far as Snow's Pond, where they encamped for a short time. AYhile there sickness prostrated nearly one-half of the regiment. It was now organized, with two other regiments, into a brigade under the command of Brig.-Gen. Q. A. Gillmore. The regiment, with its brigade, moved on the 6th of October, to repress the outrages of the enemy's cavalry, and, becoming separated from the l)rigade, went into camp on the bank of tlie Kentucky River, at Frankfort, where it remained until the 5th of April, 180:1 At that date, the regiment marehed to Stanford.

.Marauding bands of mounted men, nominally belonging to John Morgan's command, but, in reality, independent squads of freebooters, had kept all this region in a constant state of excitement and alarm, and gave considerable annoyance to tlie National troops - capturing parties stationed at outposts and destroying supply trains. A large force Avas gathered at Stanford, and on the 25th an advance was ordered by Gen. S. P. Carter, then commanding. The National forces moved forward to Somerset and Mill Springs, the enemy falling back all the time; but there were not wanting indications of an intention, on the part of the Confederates to concentrate their scattered forces for the purpose of making a stand at some point favorahle for defense. The Union infantry had considerable difficulty in crossing the Cumberland, on account of high water; but, once over, it pushed rapidly after the enemy, preceded by the cavalry which had cros.sed a little below. On the 30th, the cavalry came up with a body of Confederates, when a smart skirmish took place. On the 5th of ^lay, the Federal forces were ordered back to the Cumberland. The One Hundred and Third took a position near Stigall's Ferry, where it was soon visited by a body of enemy troops, wlio fired on them from the southern bank. ^Much power was expended by both parties, but with little result.

On the 5th of July, the regiment, with other troops, marehed toward Danville, where they remained a few days and then fell liack to Hickman Bridge. Returning to Danville, shortly after, the regiment, witli other coiniriands, was formed into the Twenty-third Army Coi'i)s, and placed under the command of Major-General Hartsuflf. The Nintli Army Corps having been added to the Union foret; at that point, the troops began to move on the 18th of August under llie command of Gen. A. E. J?iii-iisi<le. 'IMuit army siilTenMl many hardsliips in its marcli from

Danville, via Stanford, Crab Orchard, the Cumberhuid, Burnside's I'oint, Chitvfrood, Montgomery, Emery's Iron AVorks and Lenoir, to Concoril, Tennessee. On the lOtli of September, tlie regiment joined in tlie general advance, whicli resulted in driving back the enemy to his main force, then assembled at Jonesl)oro.

On the 4th of November, tlie regiment proceeded by railroad to Knoxville, and was stationed with its brigade, on the south side of the river. Longstreet was now advancing upon the city, with a large force. During tlie investment, the Union troops sutfered much from insufficient clothing, shoi-t rations and other privations. About noon, on the 25th, six companies of the I'egiment wei-e sent forward to relieve a company on picket-duty, and, while so doing, a heavy charge was nmde l)y the Confederates with the intention of capturing the entire detachment. The men, assisted by the pickets of the Twenty-fourth Kentucky and the Sixty-fifth Illinois, poured into the ranks of the enemy a welldirected fire ; but this did not check them in the least, for, with wild yells, they rushed upon the picket-line, and a desperate struggle ensued. The regiments of the respective pickets coming up, in full force, a l)a.yonet charge was ordered, which soon decided the contest, for the opposition broke and tied, leaving tlie dead and wounded upon the field. The regiment lost, in this engagement, some thirty-five in killed and wounded.

The One Hundred and Third Regiment finally became a part of the grand army, with which Siierman marched to the .sea, and on the 13th of ]\Iay arrived in front of Resaca. The next day, the Twenty-third Corps charged the enemy's works and carried his two lines. - The regiment lost, in this engagement, over one-third of its effective force. Among those who fell were Captains W. AV. Hutchinson and J. T. Philpot. The regiment finally reached Decatur on the 8th of September. It had lost heavily during this campaign. On INIay 1st its effective force numbered 450 men ; but when it encamped at Decatur, it could only nuister 195.

At Spring Hill, the regiment, while supporting a battery, showed conclusively its reliable material. On tlie 24th of February, 18()5, with its corps, it arrived at Wilmington, and on the Gth of March it started forward, moving through Kingston to Goldsboro, wiiere it again met Slirniiaii's army. The whohi army .soon took up its march, and on the l;!lli of April reached Kaleigli, where the regimen!, rciiuiiiied till the lOlii of -iune, when it started for (Mevehiiid, Ohio, to be mustered out. As tli(^ train, conveying tiic men, was descending the western slo|)e of the Alleghany .Moiiniaius, a truck iiroke loose, throwing three of the eiirs down a Htee|i einhnnkiiienl and eiiii.sing tln' dentil (»!' Iliree men,

Iii.Stoky Of I.Oka In County 267

Tile Forty-third Infantry had quite a numher of Lorain County men, Companies F and I being well represented in that ivgard. Company F served from tiie fall of 1861 to July, 1865, and Company I was mustered in in 1862 and out, in the last year of the war.

As a regiment, the Forty-third was organized at Camp Andrews, IMount Vernon, Ohio, February 7, 1862, and left its rendezvous for the front on the 21st of the same month. On the 26th of Februai-y, it reported to Hrig.-Gen. John I'ope, eommanding the District of ^li.ssissii)i)i, and was at onee assigned to the Ohio l)rigade, eomi)Osed of the Twenty-seventh, Thirty-ninth, Forty-third and Sixty-third regiments, First Division, Army of the IMississippi.

It was Init a few days before the regiment was introduced to active service, for in JMarch, 1862, it was under fire at New Madrid, JMi.ssouri; and in all the operations against tliat post it l)ore a prominent part, especially in its final bombardment and capture on the 13th anil 14th of .Marcii. Tlie loss of tlie regiment in killed and woundeil was (piite severe.

In the movements against Island No. 10, and the crossing of the IMississippi River in the face of the enemy, the Forty-third l)ore a conspicuous ])art, as also in tiie subsequent ca])lure of tlie forces of General McC'all, at Tiptonville, Tennessee. The ne.xt movement was against Foi't Pillow. In all the oi)eratioiis oT llutt campaign, the Forty-third bore its part. The actions of the 8th, 9th and 2{)th of IMay, may be particularly mentioned. At Corinth, the Forty-third was posted immediately on the left of Battery Robinett, and the Si.xty-third on the right of the battery; and it is said these two regiments did more to save the day than any other organization engaged. Tlie grand a.ssault of the Confederates was made at daylight on the 4tli of October. They opened on liatlery liobinett with artillery at about ;K)0 yards, and at 10 o'clock A. j\I., led by Colonel Rogens, of the Second Texas, moved forward to the assault. Tlu^ Forty-third and Sixty-third Ohio stood lirmly at their posts and succeeded in staggering the assaulting (column and in hui-ling it biiek, at a lime when the Union lines were liroken and tli<' Iroojjs wei'c seen living from every other pari of the lield. Tiie opposing forces were but a few feet apart, and I'ought almost hand to hand, and men Went down on ])oth sides in great nuiidters. Colonel Smith fell mortally wounded III liir lirsl ousel, wiiile galliinlly disrluii-ging his duty.

Ailjutaiit Iloyl and Captain Spanglor were killed at about tlie same moineiit. Capt. S. F. Tiininons and Lieut. S. ^IcClaren, A. L. Howe and II. L. Prophet received honorable wound.s. The casualtie.s among the men were very severe. In a few minutes of fighting, over one-fourth of those engaged of the Forty-third were either killed or wounded. Colonel Smith died eight days after the battle. The next movement of the Forty-tliird was with (Jrant's army, at Oxford, IMississippi. Jn the campaign against Forrest, in West Tennessee, in the winter of 1862-63, and in General Dodge's raid in North Alabama, in April, 1863, the Forty-third was with General Sherman when he made his memorable march from ilemphis to the relief of the Army of the Cumberland.

In December, 1863, the regiment almost unanimously re-enlisted as veterans, and went home on a furlough of thirty days. Returning, the regiment assisted at the capture of Deeatur, Alal)auni, and lay at that point until the opening of General Slierman's campaign against Atlanta. On the 1st of May, 1864, the eonnnand began the march for Chattanooga. On the 13th, it was engaged in the advance on Re.saca and suffered severely. At Dallas, the Forty-third took an important part; and in the advance on the enemy's position near Big Shanty, Comi)any 1), of the regiment, participated in a most brilliant charge of .skirmisliers, capturing a strong ])arrica(le from the Twenty-ninth Tennessee and nuuierous prisoners. Immediately thei'cafter came tlie siege of Kenesaw, with its deadly skirmishing, its grand cannonading aiul the disastrous repulse of the National forces on the 29th of June.

Tlie Forty-third participated in the general movements of the corps until the advance of the army on Decatur, when it was detached to hold the bridge across Chattahoochee. This was successfully accomplished, and during the remaiiuler of the Atlanta campaign the Forty-third shared the trials and successes of the Sixteenth Army Corps; and on the 4th and 7th of August, particularly, in advancing the National lines, won the thanks of Ransom, the division commander, by splendid and steady fighting. After the fall of Atlanta, tlie Forty-third enjoyed General Sherman's "full month's rest;" after which, the regiment ])arlicipated in the chase after Hood. as far as Resaca, aiul then hurried back to join Sherman in his great "march to the sea." Of this campaign, the lii.story of one regiment is the history of all. It was a daily succession of easy marches, with little interruption, with plenty of forage for both man and bea.st and full of ]»leasaiit adventure. Savannah was readied and l)esiege(l. In Ibis the Forty-third performed its full sliare of duty.

Sherman's march through the Carolinas. On the 2d of February the Seventeenth Corps crossed Wliippy Swamp, and was soon confronting the enemy, strongly posted at River's Bridge. There Colonel Swayne lost a leg ))y a shell. The regiment lost in him a brave and competent leader, who had been with it from its organization, and who liad always shown the utmost devotion to its interests. The next day, the regiment received a baptism of fire, in a charge on a battery which commanded the bridge and the causeway approaching it. Down this narrow causeway the regiment rushed amid a storm of shot and shell, compelling the Confederates to withdraw their battery and uncover the crossing. The war closing, the regiment went to "Washington and took part in the grand review ; returning to Ohio, it was mustered out of service on the lath of July, 1865.

Tlie Fifty-fourth Regiment was represented in tlie county by Company B, of which Robert Williams was captain. He was promoted to be lieutenant-colonel of his regiment, and lionorai)ly discharged September U, 3 86-1.

Recruiting for the Fifty-fourth Regiment began late in the summer of 1861, at Camj) Dennison, where it was organized and drilled during the fall of 1861. It entered the field Fel)ruary 17, 1862, witli an aggregate of 850 men. The regiment readied Paducah, Kentucky, February 20th, and was assigned to a l)rigade in the division commanded by General Sherman. On the 6th of April the regiment engaged in the battle of Pittsburg Landing, its position l)eing on the extreme left of tile army; l)ut, on the second day, it was assigned a new position near the center of the line.

In the two days' fighting the regiment sustained a loss of 198 men killed, wounded and missing. It was next engaged ujion the movement upon Corinth, and, upon tlie evacuation of that i)oint, was among the first oi-ganized bodies to enter tlie town, and afterward performed provost duty tliere. During tlie summer the regiment was engaged in several short expeditions. It was engaged in the assault on Chickasaw liayou, December 28th and 20th, witli a loss of twenty killed and wounded. On January 1, 186;{, the regiment ascended the IMississipiji and Arkansas I'ivers and engaged in tlie assault and capture of Arkansas Post. On tlie (ith of May, the regiment began its mai-eh to the rear of

Vieksburg, by way of (iraiul (iiilf, ami was ongagcd in the batlles of Cbaiiipioii Hills and Big Ulack liriilge. It was ciigagetl in a general assault on tlie enemy's works, in the rear of Vicksbnrg, on tbe I'Jth and 22(1 oT Jnne, losing in tiic two engagements forty-seven killed and wonnded. It was eontiiiually employed in skirmisiiing and fatigue duty during the siege of Vieksljurg. After the fall of Vieksburg, the Fiftyfourth moved with the army upon Jackson, Mississijjpi, and was constantly engaged in skirmisiiing from the 9th to the 14tii of July. It was engaged in the battle of Alissionary Kidge, November 2(jth, and the next day marched to the relief of the garrison at Knoxville, Tennessee. It went into winti^r quarters, January 12, 1864, at Larkensville, Alabama.

The regiment was nuistered into the service as a veteran organization on the 22d of January, and at once started to Ohio on furlough. Returning, it entered on the Atlanta campaign on tiie 1st of May. It participated in a general engagement at Resaca, and at Dallas, and in a severe skirmish at New Hope Church, June Gth and 7th. It was in the general assault uj)oii Keuesaw Mountain, Juue 27th, losing tweuty- 4'ight killed and wouiideil, and was in a liatth^ on tlie east side of Atlaida, July 21st and 22d, sustaining a loss of ninety-four killed, wounileil and missing. The Fifty-fourth lost eight men killed and wounded at Ezra Chapel, July 28th; and from tlie 2i)tli of July to the 27th of August, it was almost continually engaged in skirmishing before Atlanta, was in the march to Savannah, and assisted in the eaplure of Fort McAllister, Decembei- hltli. It was closely engaged in the vicinity of Columbia, and pai'ticipateil in tlii; last battle of Sherman's army at .Heiitonsville, North (!ai-oliiia, on j\Iareh 21, IHCr). The iH'giment nuirched to liichmond, Virginia, and tlience to AVashington City, where it engaged in the grand revi(!W. It was mustered out at Camp Dennison, Ohio, August 2-4, 1865.

During its term of service the Fifty-fourth ]?egiment marched a distance of 15,682 miles, pai'ticipated in four sieges, nine severe skirmishes, fifteen general engagements, and sustained a loss of 506 men killed, wounded and missing.

The One Hundred and Seventh Regiment was composed almost enlii-ely of (iermans and recruited ])riMcipally in (y'levelaiid. Comjiany (J was raised to a large extent in Lorain County. It was mustered into tbe service at Cleveland, September !), 1S62, and mustered out, July Id, 1865, at Charleston, South (Carolina.

Company E, which contained a few Lorain County men, had the same length of service as Company G, and both were mustered out with their regiment.

The One Hundred and Seventh Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was organized at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, and lay in camp at that place until late in September, when it moved under orders to Covington, Kentucky. The niove was made with reference to the antiei])ated attack on Cincinnati l)y Kirby Smith's Confederate cavalry. The regiment was next ordered to AVashiugton and for nearly a month was engaged in the construction of fortifications around the national capital. In Noveiid)er it was assigned to the Second Brigade, Fii'st Division, lOleventh Army Corps, Major-General Sigel commanding. On the 2d and 3d of iMay it i)articipated in the battle of Chancellorsville. and suffered a loss of 220 officers and men, killed, wounded and captured. On July 1st is reached Gettysburg, was at once engaged with the enemy on the right wing of the Union army, and was obliged to fall back, tlirough tlie Town of Gettysl)urg, to Cemetery Hill, which it held during the remainder of the battle. In that movement it was further decimated to tlie number of 250, and it also lost heavily in the second day's fight. The total loss of the regiment in the three days' battle was over 400 out of about 550 rank and tile, with whicli it entered ; but the remnant joined in the pursuit of the enemy. Its subsequent engagements were light, the most important being at Sumterville, South Carolina, March 23, 1865, where it eaptui-ed quite a detachment of the defeated enemy. On Ai)ril 16, 1865, news was received of the surrender of Lee's aTid Jobnsfon's armies. Three weeks fhereafler tlie regiment was laken liy steamer to Cbai'lesloii, Soulli (Carolina, wliere if was muslered out of tlie serviee and sent lioiiU; to ('leVeland, where Ww soiiliei's wei'e ])ai(l oil' and discharged.

Company C, One Hundred and Ninety-seventh Regiment, was mustered in for a year in April, 1865, but its services were only required until the following July.

Quite a number of the men from Lorain County joined the light artillery service of the state. Battery B and the Fifteenth Independent Battery were the representative commands from Lorain County. The former was mustered into the service October 8, 1861; re-enlisted January 4, 1864, and was mustered out July 22, 1865. The Independent Battery's service commenced in January, 1862, and ended in June, I860.

iJalliTy J*., I''ii'.s1, Ohio Ijij^ht Artiili'i'y, wiis off^Miu/cid iiL (Jariip J)ciiiiisoii and miistfrud into the sca-viee October 8, 18U1, with an aggivj^atc slrt'iigtli of 147 iiujii. liy onU'i- of Clon. 0. M. iMiteliull it left Cincinnati to report to (Jen. Oeorf^e 11. Thomas, then in eoiiunand at Camp Diek Robinson," Kentucky. The iirst experience it had in tiic Held was a brisk little affair at Camp Wild Cat, in which it fired twelve rounds and silenced one of the enemy's guns. From Wild Cat it inarched to London, Kentucky, where it remained two weeks. On November 5th, the battery, under orders, joined tlie Seventeenth Oliio at Fishing Creek, and was engaged during the wiiole of that nionlli in skirmishes and scout duty, with licadquartei-s at Somerset. On January 27th, it moved to ]\Iill Springs to re-enforce General Thomas. It took part in tlie battle of Mill Springs, and performed very effective service. On February lOtli, it took up its line of marcli for Louisville, Kentucky, where it embarked for Nashville; arriving there, it was assigned to Colonel Barnett's Artillery Reserve.

On July 18, 1862, the battery reported to Major-General Nelson at ]\Iurfrces))oro, and during the months of July, August and September was almcst constantly on the march, and frequently engaged in skirmishes with the enemy. On December 26th it moved with its brigade and division from Nashville towards IMurfreesboro, skirmishing heavily in and about La Vergne. It was there that John Blanchard, afterward county recorder, lost his right arm. In the battle of Stone River Battery B was stationed on the left of General Negley's division. It was involved in the disaster on the right, but succeeded in withdrawing all its guns from the field. It bore its full part in the battle, and lost seventeen men, killed, wounded, and missing, and twenty-one horses killed. On June 24, 18G3, it joined in the advance of the National forces on Tullahoma, and on September 19th, it engaged in the battle of Chickamauga. On the next day it was charged by the enemy, but succeeded in beating him off. A second charge soon followed which overwhelmed the battery, and it was obliged to leave two of its guns in tlie hands of the enemy. In this charge sevei'al members of the battery were wounded and captured. This was at the siege of Chattanooga. On January 4, 1864, sixty-five of the original members of Ihc batlery I'e-ciilisled as vetci'uns, and wen; furh)ughed home for thirty days. The liattery returned to Na.shville in JMarcli, and on the IGtli of tliat iiionlh reported at Bridgeport, Ahd)ama, where it remained until July, 1866. It was then sent home to Columbus and tliere uiusterod o\it, being ouv of llie last organizations to leave llie .service.

The Fifteenth Ohio Independent Battery was recruited by Capt. J. B. Burrows and First Lieut. Edward Spear, Jr. ; was mustered into the service February 1, 1862; ordered to Cincinnati, where it embarked February 16th, under orders for Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, but on reaching Paducah, Kentucky, was disembarked by order of General Sherman. Horses were drawn here and the battery embarked to report to General Grant, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee. "While proceeding up the Tennessee and when near Whitehall Landing, the boat was fired into by guerrillas from the shore. The fire was returned with shell, under cover of which the men of the battery landed, drove the guerrillas from their cover and captured some prisoners and horses. In this expedition, the battery lost one man wounded. It reported to General Grant on the 20th, and was assigned to the Fourth Division, Army of the Tennessee. The batteiy was on the first line during the siege of Vicksburg, having position on the Hall's Ferry Road, southeast of the city and within 200 yards of their line. In this, as in all engagements in which the battery figured, most excellent service was performed. The Fifteenth was with General Sherman and participated in his famous "march to the sea." An incident is related that at the battle of Chattahoochee River a bird flew upon the shoulder of Private Scth Bowers, who was acting No. 1 on one of the guns, where it remained during the engagement. At every discharge of the piece, the bird would thrust its head in the man's hair. After the recoil, it would again take its position on the man's shoulder and watch the operations of loading. After the battle, th(^ bird remained around the men's quarters, but, after a few days, disappeared.

Coinniissioned officers: Captiiin, Aaron K. Lindsley, discharged February 15, 1863, and second lieutenant, Franklin S. Case, promoted captain.

The Second Cavalry was recruited and organized in the sunnuer and autuinu of 1801, under the supervision of the lion. Benjamin F. Waile and Hon. John Ilutehins, who received special authority from the war office. The regiment rendezvoused at Camj) Wade, near Cleveland, Ohio, and the last company was mustered in on the 10th of October, 1861. lieing the first cavalry regiment raised in the northern part of the state, it drew into its ranks a large proportion of wealth, intelligence, capacity and culture. Men and officers were almost wholly from the AVestcrn Reserve, and represented every trade and profession. The Second was uniformed, mounted and partly drilled at Cleveland, and in November was ordered to Camp Dennison, where it received sabers and contiiHied drilling during the month of December. Early in <lanluiry, 1862, under ordors from the war ticpartment, the Second proceeded, by rail to Platte City, ]\Iissouri.

On the 18th of February, Doubleday's Brigade, of which the Second was a part, was ordered to march through the border counties of ]\Iissouri to Fort Scott, Kansas. On the 22d of February, and during tile march, a scouting i)arty of 120 men of the Second Ohio Cavalry was attacked in the streets of Independence, jMissouri, by an equal force, under command of Quantrel. As the result of the Second's "first fight," Quantrel was routed in fifteen minutes, losing five killed, four woiuided and five captured, including one officer. The Second lost one killed and three wounded. Arriving at its destination about March 1st, it remained for several months doing garrison and scouting duty. In the fall following, it participated in tlie campaign ending in the victory of Prairie (Jrove, Arkansas, December ;j, 1862. It also fougiit at Carthage and Xewtonia, Missouri, and at Cow Hill, Wolf Creek, and AVhite Kiver, Arkansas. In November and December, the Second was transferred to the Eastern army, moving by rail to Camp Chase, Ohio, to remount and refit for the field. Tliis accomi)lished, the regiment left early in Ai)ril for Somerset, Kentucky, and remained in camp lliei'e, witli the exception of an occasional reconnoissance, until tlie 27th of June.

In May and June, the Second fought twice at Steubenville, twice at Monticello, and once at Columbia, Kentucky. On the 1st of July it joined in tlie pursuit of John I\Iorgan, and followed the great raider

1,200 miles, through three states, marching twenty liours of the twentyfour, living wholly upon the gifts of the i)eoi)le for twenty-seven days and finally sharing in the capture at Buffington Island. On January 1, 18G4, nearly the entire regiment re-eidisted and it was mustered out at Camjj Ciiase, Ohio, September 11, 1865.

The Second Regiment campaigned through thirteen states and one territory. It marched an aggregate distance of 27,000 miles; fought in ninety-seven battles and engagements; served in five different armies, forming a continuous line of armies from the headwaters of the Arkansas to the mouth of th& James.

Company F, of the Twelfth Cavalry Regiment, served from October, 1863, to November, 1865. First Lieut. Reuben XL Sardane, of Lorain County, who had been first lieutenant, was promoted to the captaincy.

The fatalities: Sergt. AVilliam W. Worcester, died October 19, 1864; Sergt. Charles II. Sherburne, died from wounds December 13, 1864; Corp. George C. Rising, died March 20, 1864; Charles :\I. Hall, died from wounds, June 16, 1864. t

The Twelfth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, was recruited during the months of September and October, 1863, from nearly every county in the state, rendezvousing at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, where it was mustered into the service on the 24th day of November, 1863. One-half of the regiment was engaged in doing guard duty, during the winter of 1863-64, on Johnson's Island, having been ordered thither on the 10th of November. The regiment was mounted, armed and equipped at Camp Dennison, and moved successively to Louisville, Lexington and i\Iount Sterling, Kentucky. Little of importance transpired until the 23d of ]\Iay, when the regiment was a portion of General Burbridge's command on the first Saltville raid. On the arrival in the vicinity of Pound Gap, after eight days' marching, it became evident that John ^Morgan had entered Kentucky, and the command immediately started in pursuit. After severe marching, with but little time for eating or sleeping, the command arrived at Mount Sterling on the 9th of June, 1864. The Twelfth was closely engaged with the enemy at this point, behaving with so mucli gallantry, as to be especially coinl)limcnlcd by General |{iir!)ridge. Tlie Tweinii again overlook iMorgau at Cynthiana and fought with him, scattering his forces in every direction. The regiment charged through the town, crossed the river, and pursued the retreating cavalrymen for tliree days. During the second to Saltville in Se[)teml)er, it became necessary to

The divi.sion left Crab Orehard on the 22d of November, during a severe snow-storm, and moved to Bean's Station. On the night of their arrival the Twelfth made a sueee.ssful reconnoissance to Rogerville. It did its full share of duty under General Stoneman, at Bristol, at Abingdon, at i\larion, and thence as support to General Gillam in his pursuit of Vaughn. It then returned to jMarion, where (Jeneral Stoneinan engaged Breckenridge for forty hours and finally defeated him. In this engagement all of the Twelfth bearing sabers, participated in a grand eiiarge, driving back the enemy's cavalry. The regiment behaved gallantly throughout the fight, and received the praise of Generals Stoneman and Burbridge. On the 21st of December Saltville was captured, and the forces returned to Richmond, Kentucky, where head- (luartcrs were established. As a result of this raid four boats were captured, 150 miles of railroad, thirteen trains and locomotives, lead mines, salt works, iron foundries; and an immense quantity of stores of all soi-ts were destroyed. During tlie raid. Company V acted as escort to General liurbridge. About tiie middle of Febi-uary the regiment was thoi'oughly armed, ecpiipped and mounteil. It then pi'oceeded by way of Louisville and the I'iver to Nasliville, arriving .March 6th. Thence it irmved to i\lurfreesboro and Knoxville, where it again formed part of a raiding expedition under General Stoneman. Tlie Twelfth finally rendezvoused at Nashville, and was mustered out on the 14tli of November, 1865; tJien proceeded to Columbus, Ohio, where ii was i)aid and discharged on the 22d and 2;{d of the same month, after two years of incessant service.

Among otlier military organizations which may be credited, at least in jiai't, to Lorain County, may be mentioned: Company R, Sixteenth Ohio Infantry, whicli served more than a year of the later war period; Company G, Seventy-second Regiment, with a record of over three years in the field; Company C, Eighty-sixth Regiment, a six months' organization; ('oinpany D, Eighty-seventh lieginuint, which served tliree months; Company C, One Hundred and Eleventh, a three years' command ; Company K, One Hundred and Fifteenth Regiment, Ohio National Guard (100 day men) ; Company A, B and G, Twenty-seventh Regiment United States Coloi-ed Troojjs; Fifth Independent Company

The One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment, although chielly oeeujjied in guard duty within the borders of the state, was an organization of three years' troops, enlisted and mustered into the United States service the same as other volunteer troops, and was liable to service wherever required. It attained maximum strength on the 25th of December, 1863, and consisted of four companies before known as the Hoffman Battalion raised at different times in 1862. At and before the time of forming the regiment, the* Hoffman Battalion was under the command of a lieutenant-colonel and major. Six new companies were mustered in at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, between the 8th and 15lh of Jaiuiary, 1864. The four old companies had been on duty at Johnson's Island n(>arly all the time since their muster-in, but had frequently furnished detachments for service elsewhere, including a shoi't l)Ut active cami)aign in pursuit of Confederate troops in West Virginia in 1862. The One Hujidred and Twenty-eighth was chiefly occupied at th(^ frontier posts of Johnson's Island and Sandusky. Fortune did not give the regiment an opportunity to win a battle-record, but it performed all the duties assigned to it with faithfulness and efficiency - both essentials of military sei'vice and success. The regiment left the island on July 10, 186.'), aiul was nuistered out at Camp Ciiase, on the 17th of that month.

The fatalities reported during tiie foregoing period of service, were as follows: Company B - Privates William II. Lindman and Amasa S(]uires, the former of whom died July ;{, 1862, and the latter, November 8, 186-1.