Sandusky Township (part 8 of 57)

After father's success was established Peter Burgoon, Jonathan Kessler, Daniel Engler, old Mr. Coe and many others located in this county, and possibly foretold the prosperity of the Black Swamp.

No work was ever done unless all hands joined, although the difficulty people had to go to and from their neighbors can hardly be imagined by our children now.

The woods were not only impenetrable with spice wood and young trees, but were one vast sheet of water, logs and bushes, living full of every species of worms, crabs, lizards and insects, nine months out of the year; and in many places the forest was in this condition for twenty and forty miles through.

When I was six years old, the folks had gone to Mr. Coe's to a "logging,' two of my little sisters and I were left alone. Night came on, father and mother had not returned, we ate our supper of mush and milk on the door step, and heard a barking noise, and blowing of horns, we thought, when all at once a pack of wolves came into the clearing, chasing a deer. We went in and shut the door, but they pushed and scratched against it, and howled around the house until we built a blazing fire in the fireplace, and this sent them after the deer again. In the same year I, in company with Mrs. Waitman, killed my first wild turkey. Father had taught me how to use his rifle, and, by resting it on a fence or log, I generally bagged my game. When eight years old I shot my first deer. I was out with the

In later years, when father had cleared about forty acres of land and the settlement had become noted, and the Indian tribes had all turned their faces westward, the Shawnees and Wyandottes returned annually, numbering four and five hundred, to hold a "war dance" or religious feast on their old camp ground. The spot selected for these festivities was located on the Daniel Hensel farm, opposite Chris Kaiser's. Some of the young fellows around here now, who used to take part in these frolics, may remember the spaced off circle, with a rope around it, and tall cross posts raised in the center, where dead dogs and other animals were hung for sacrificial offerings. Everything in this circle was sacred to them. Their music was made up of warwhoops, sticks and tin pans.

The tribes, on these occasions, were especially hospitable and drank whisky freely, out of certain flasks only, as some of you recollect. These flasks being entirely made of dog skin. On one occasion, after all the boys had been invited to taste of the "fire-water," one of the old chiefs asked' one of our boys, who was a spiritual judge, "If it tasted good, and if he knew what the neck of the bottle was made of?" 'No.' "Well, the tail end!" It is not recorded just where the whale threw up Jonah, nor just where "Jonah frowed up everysing else."

The first schoolhouse and church was built in 1835, on the Overmyer farm. In 1842 father died and was the third person buried in the Four Mile House cemetery. The funeral procession went either on horseback or with ox teams. The roads were intended for plank roads, but the planks swam on top of the mud and water; so that people on horseback made their horses leap from plank to plank through the slough. This was the original trail General Harrison cut through to Lake Hrie in 1812.

that they could find their way back; and they often went barefooted, too, with their pants rolled up to the knees. There were |"frolics," yes, and "husking bees,' where. neat trimmed, little lace caps were often worn by the young ladies; and their neat, trim waists, regardless of hard work, made us boys scrabble for the red ear in the corn shocks. It is a pleasant reflection on the young ladies of those days to say they never had to be coaxed to a sewing bee on a corn husking occasion. Enough sewing would be done for the family to reach through the winter; and, after that, how many remember the "kissing bees"; but there were no divorce cases. '

The test of chivalry was often made, too, when going to and coming from these occasions. At no time in the year were the roads passable, nor was it safe to travel without a "fockle," made of long hickory bark, and often timid girls could not jump across the span from one log to the other, and gallant boys had to lift them across with just a_ gentle squeeze, a little shriek, and - and a kiss that re-echoed from one pair to the other; or, if a slipper perchance dropped off, Cinderellas had princes at their feet galore. The girls were glad to meet us in the kitchen then.

There may be those among you who remember the hunt for Indian graves, the spook of Spotted tail. Burgoon's boys, Englers, Kesslers and myself hunted a spook and got into a den of wildcats and had to fight for life. My sister and I, in passing through the woods from our home to George Reed's, answered a voice once that called ''Ya-hoo,' as if a lost being had called. It came nearer and nearer, and we recognized the panther. There was a chase more perilous than it is thrilling to relate. It was no coward that investigated a spook in those days, but when a queer white cat persistently followed one, no matter how hard a clubbing it got, it made one's hair stand on end. The first impulse was 'A spook, boys." the graves of our dead heroes, and a crown to the living, who swung the axe through the heart of the great impenetrable forest, the home of the Indians, and the billions of birds that sang their songs of prosperity over the cradles of soldiers and statesmen, and filled the souls of men with patriotism, a patriotism born within us, and nurtured when picking bullets for marbles, out of Fort Stephenson, while our parents traded in the stores of Lower Sandusky. Respectfully, ADAM HENSEL.

death of his father, in 1842, placed him in. His mother being left with a large family of small children when sixteen years of age, he took the management of her estate, helped her raise the children, which meant untold hardships, hardly comprehensible in these days of scientific agricultural improvements. Nor did he tell of his crowning event in life. When twenty-two years of age, he started on a hunting expedition, on foot, through Ohio and Pennsylvania and back home, walking every bit of the way, he made the time in six weeks.

In "crossing the Allegheny Mountains he was shot at, either accidentally or intentionally, the bullet taking effect in his vest pocket, where he carried a handful of copper pennies the ball striking these, glanced off, and made a neat indenture into the coin, which he keeps to this day as a souvenir.

Somebody was anxiously waiting for a hunter. In those days the heart of a maiden could not become transported with innumerable love letters, she trusted him loyally and blindly in the days of slow transit. Mary Benner, who will be remembered as being a good horse-woman, was particularly anxious about the return of this young hunter, and her pretty brown eyes never looked brighter than when six weeks later she rode with her hero on horseback, to Fremont, "to get married." No one saw them but Dr. Wilson as they halted in front of the parson's door. They thus cheated the Englers, the Kesslers and the Burgoons out of their chiriverrie. His mother lived to be 84 years of age, having been a widow just one-half of her life. His grandfather was born in Baden-Baden, Germany, and was sold as a slave from an English manof-war, to a New England trader. He lived to be 101 years old. Respectfully, Sis 15) Bis

The fifteenth annual picnic of the Sandusky County Pioneer and Historical Society was held in the Court House in Fremont, Ohio, on Thursday, Sept. 1, 1887.. The weather was delightful and the attendance of oldtime pioneers fuller than _ usual. Among the visitors from abroad were Mrs. Rachel Cady, of Elkhorn, Wis.; Judge Lang, of Tiffin, and Rev. E. Bushnell, of Cleveland. The exercises were interspersed with most excellent music by a choir consisting of Mr. F. W. Darst, organist, Mrs. H, A. Bristol, Mrs. W. E. Lang, Mrs. H. N. McDaniels, Mrs. H. G. Stahl, Miss Hortense Ickes, Miss Grace Greene, Miss Lucy Hyder, Henry Lesher, N. C. Sherwood, C. F. .Bell, J. ©. Norris and G. M. Lesher.

The society was called to order at 10 o'clock A. M. by Gen. R. P. Buckland, president of the association, who referred in a touching manner to the recent death, character and genial nature of Hon. Homer Everett, who had been president of the society from its commencement, and who was accustomed to meet the pioneers at these annual reunions in a very friendly manner with a most cordial greeting. Mr. Buckland said he did not propose to supply the place of Mr. Everett, but would do the best he could; that owing to poor health he would not be able to talk much, but others had been provided to entertain the meeting. He hoped that all would feel at home and

The choir then sang "Auld Lang Syne," after which Rev. H. Lang, of the Lutheran Church, Fremont, read selections of scripture bearing on old age and the uncertainty of life, led in fervent prayer for the old pioneers and lined a hymn which was sung by all.

Since our last annual meeting there have been about the usual number of deaths. Some of the pioneers who died were not members of the association, and of such we kept no record:

Age Peters: SULOWIG, \ te aeuele taeece ee ores 88 Mrs, Hannah M. Wickham ....... 81 JOHN MOPrwis' qacwin es wale eee ES 80 JObnMG Grant. fracas cee 84 Georges Hilt wesc ac eee 82 Daniel Seaman |. 2 cesoes weesenaes 79 Mrss Janes Hultz is sen eet ee 79

Min seeiy by NON So ee. oe sek 70 ObING HBOWOLSOX) «ce oc oe 80 arti WV PIO BG pois ak s-cle us 77 UEP, Ee EH ee years yl Sch 86 Mrs enarab: WoOberts 2.6 fo5 5. ose. . 78 Mrs. Susannah Shively ........... 68 MiAMHASaie WOW Or qs. hae eee we 75 Harrison. Herrinetom --.)... .2.0.:.. 75 Ria SAP SEIN Gets ce ef erica 82 Pais BOCK ar tax ne Sethe Fens hi 84 Mrs. Susan Vandersall .......... 80 RAO EULA ey ee Se riod 84 MES = NIAFV2 ROOM, fa. ook bes 75 Mrs? Julia Ann Fought 2... 2.6. 25+ 63 RUMP AMY MIG UIRG A es. we erene 68 PAM ORy SOARS ce ois hias sil. cie-s 28. . 69 Mrs. Elizabeth Bowersox ........ 79 TES WiAt ye ROUSHN pool oieclchs axle ote 68 PEE Se ATY METHOD poe < oie 5 psie oaths 65

Gen. R. B. Hayes being called for, said that he had come to add what he could to the interest of the meeting, though he had not prépared a speech. He said that one who is fond of reading the history of the United States, and especially of this part of the United States, may be supposed to have something to say at almost any time without any special preparation. He regarded it as fortunate that we had with us a gentleman, Judge Lang of Tiffin, who wrote the History of Seneca county and did his share towards putting into permanent form the early history of the Sandusky valley. He said the Judge had come prepared to talk on some of the early geographical facts in regard to the State of Ohio, the early land grants and treaties, and to illustrate by means of a map the portions of country sold to different companies by the government of the United States. Mr. Hayes regretted that with our excellent school system so little attention has been paid to the geography of our own locality. He recently asked a boy sixteen years of age, what is the next county west of us?" and the boy could not tell - '"east of us?" he could not tell, and he supposed the boy like too many others was in blissful ignorance of where he lived. Mr. Hayes thought it the duty of Pioneer Societies, having the facts of early history at their command, to put them into permanent form for the coming generation; that our schools also be doctored on this point; that though we know a great deal about the geography of the Holy Land and of ancient Greece and Rome, there is no better or holier land than the one we live in, and we should pay more attention to its history.

Judge Lang, of Tiffin, was introduced by Gen. Hayes and said he would be obliged to give the substance of a two hours' speech in half an hour. He had lived in the Sandusky Valley for half a century and regarded it as one of the most historic spots in Ohio. He had lived in hopes that some Robert Burns would turn up to sing "The banks and braes of Old Sandusky."

After the Revolutionary War the expeditions against the Northwestern Indians - Crawford's, Hamar's, - Col. Scott's, St. Clair's, Anthony Wayne's - were all directed to the hot bed of Indian warriors, along this valley. Hither also the British sent aid to the Indians against the Americans, and here Harrison built his forts.

Mr. Lang then proceeded to give an account of the original survey of the Northwest Territory of the United States, cleared up points of history concerning the settlement of the states, and referred at some length to the eventful career of Mr. Hutchins, a soldier of the Revolution, who used to make maps and charts for the use of the army, and who, after the confiscation of his large estates by England, became Geographer of the United States, and was connected with the early surveys of. the Northwest.

The first surveys ever made in Ohio were the first seven ranges east of the Ohio river, near Pittsburg, and the measurement of these was conducted by Mr. Hutchins, though he died before the survey was completed. The northern part of these ranges contained fourteen townships and the distance to the Ohio river was 88 miles. On account of the dense forest and the Indian occupation the survey was exceedingly difficult. The variations of the magnetic needle were not well understood. The Ohio Company was organized at Boston in 1786, and purchased more than a million acres of land. This event is to be celebrated next year. The Simms' purchase included 2,000,000 acres between the Big and the Little Miami rivers.

When Congress organized the Territory of Ohio the west line of Pennsylvania east of the Ohio river was the east line of the state, the Ohio river the south line to the right bank of the Big Miami where it runs into the Ohio. The mouth of that river was the starting point for the meridian which ran north to the Michigan Territory. The northern boundary was long a matter of dispute.

The Western Reserve is 120 miles long, and its boundary on the south is the 41st parallel of north latitude. The survey extended 24 ranges, each range being five miles wide. The western boundary is a line parallel with the western boundary of Pennsylvania, and the northern boundary is Michigan and Lake Hrie. It contains about 384,000 acres.

In 1792 the state of Connecticut granted the western part of this territory to those of its citizens who had lost property by fires caused by the British army. It is called the 'Fire Lands."

In 1795 the Connecticut Land Company was organized and Mr. Moses Cleveland, one of its managers who had attended its surveys and settlement, was made general agent. He selected the prettiest location for a city on the south shore of Lake Erie and called it Cleveland.

The survey of the Reserve started at the west line of Pennsylvania, the ranges were five miles apart and stopped at the 24th range which ran to Sandusky Bay. The counties of Erie and Huron are the west end of the Reserve. The township lines running east and west are all parallel with the 41st parallel of north latitude. This was called the base line because it was marked by surveyors as their line and base of operation for all further surveys. The surveyors started west and at the end of the

Passing by the Virginia Military lands, Mr. Lang next spoke of the Greenville treaty, by which, after a successful war by Gen. Anthony Wayne, the Indian chiefs ceded the government a vast territory reaching down to the Ohio river. To the north of this and west of the Western Reserve was a large tract owned by the Shawnees, Delawares, and Wyandots. In the summer of 1817 a treaty was made with the Indians for this tract at the foot of the rapids of the Maumee in which they surrendered all their lands in this region. The Senecas had still a reservation of forty million acres east of the Sandusky River. This was bought of them in the summer of 1831, at 3 cents and 8 mills per acre. Gen. Brish took the chiefs to Washington. In 1817 what was left of the Seneca tribe settled west of the river, their south limit being a few miles west of Tiffin.

In 1820 surveyors were sent out under Sylvanus Bourne. They started at the intersection of the first meridian and the 41st parallel of latitude and ran east, laying out townships six miles square, The 138th range is the east line of Seneca county. Your ranges and townships in Sandusky agree with those in Seneca. Some were cut off into Ottawa county. The ranges are numbered eastward from the first meridian. Many persons who write deeds and mortgages do not know why they write the word "east." If you convey land in the Western Reserve you say "Range West," these ranges were reckoned west from Pennsylvania. And since the ranges run north to Michigan and Lake Erie and south to the Greenville treaty line from the 41st parallel, if you convey land north of this you say "north," if south, "south." Thus you understand why some townships are five and others six miles square.

There is a little gore where the east and west measurements come together because the west line of the Reserve ran a little west of north. They touch at the west line of the Western Reserve, east of Thompson township,

Seneca county. The variation is five chains and seventy-two links, making the State of Ohio, from Indiana to Pennsylvania, 222 miles, 5 chains and 72 links in width.

These surveys were made through unbroken forests and marshy swales. In some places the underbrush was so thick that you could not see a deer five rods ahead of you. Mistakes in measurement were certainly excusable. Much skill was necessary to keep the compass bearing on the Same degree, so as to run straight lines. The wonder is that the surveyors succeeded so well.

As early as the administration of Thomas Jefferson the importance of this plan of measurement first adopted by Mr. Hutchins, was recognized by Congress. It was considered the grandest scheme of public survey that the world had ever known. In 1805 Congress passed an act making the field notes of these original surveys, for all time to come the true boundaries of allland surveyed by the Government of the United States. They are on record in the Auditor's office and a reference to them by farmers would settle many disputes without litigation. Later surveys divided the townships into sections and quarter sections, which were all regularly numbered, and the land come into market during the administration of President Monroe. Previous to that, however, a great many people from Cincinnati, Virginia and other states had settled in the woods and were anxious to secure by purchase the homes they had fitted up.

Mr. Lang concludes his remarks by giving a short account of the Toledo war. He remembered distinctly the exciting time when Brig. Gen. Brish started from Tiffin with his command to join Gen. Bell at Lower Sandusky. He gave a brief account of the quarrel about the boundary line between Ohio and Michigan and explained how the Harris line was established as the north line of the State. Mr. Lang closed amid the applause of his audience.

were set in the court room, and they were soon surrounded by merry pioneers and their friends who did ample justice of the bounteous dinner. Many dined with friends at their homes in the city.

After music by the choir, Hon. T. P. Finefrock, at the requestof the Chair, read portions of the Ordinance of 1787. He _ accompanied the reading with explanatory remarks which put flesh upon the dry bones of his subject. The territory covered by this ordinance was once a part of the territory claimed and partly occupied by the French, extending from the Allegheny to the Rocky Mountains, The population was then sparse and was clustered around trading posts from the Gulf of Mexico to the Lakes. The whole region was designated by the name Louisiana. Great Britain laid claim to this same territory and entered into negotiations with France in regard to it, proposing a compromise line running from French Creek at Lake Erie to the nearest mountains in Virginia, leaving to France all the territory lying between this line and the Rocky Mountains. This was a momentous question: whether all this vast region should bear the type of English or French civilization. This effort at compromise failed; the matter was referred to the arbitrament of arms, and in 1763 France ceded to Great Britain the entire territory east of the Mississippi.

In the war of Independence we got possession of this entire region. Before this time, as early as the middle of the 17th century, Great Britain had granted to some land companies certain charters for this same territory, and at the time the United States undertook to form a Confederation of States the question was raised by a number of the states "what shall be done with this vast territory'? The difficulties which arose in regard to the settlement of this question threatened for a time the Union of the States. After a while the State of New York ceded her claim to the confederacy, Virginia and other states followed her example and thus the matter was finally adjusted. The convention which framed the constitution was in session at Philadelphia at the same time that the congress which passed the ordinance of 1787 was sitting at New York.

Mr. Finefrock read the ordinance, omitting the 2d, 3d and 4th articles. The ordinance of 1787 was adopted before the Constitution of the United States, and it is the most important document ever penned in any age or nation. Great Britain boasts of her Magna Charta, America of her Declaration of Independence and Consti-, tution, but this matchless document contains them all and more. There is a system for the conveyance of real estate, the making of wills, etc., perfectly complete in itself, In the 3d, 4th and 5th sections there is a firm compact between the states which neither congress nor the legislatures had the power to alter. Then there is a system for the formation of a government of the states which guaranteed to every man the rights of liberty, habeas corpus, trial by jury, etc. These rights lie deeper than the acts of the legislatures and are at the very foundation of human liberty and equality. In the third section, religion, morality and knowledge are recognized as necessary to good government, and for their promotion schools are required to be encouraged. This led to the building of schoolhouses all over the country. I havea veneration for the old log _ schoolhouse. I do not know how much we have improved on them. I do not know whether with our grand high schools we have gained as much as we think we have. I very much doubt whether the next generation will accomplish more than the pioneers did. Education is a good thing, but it is not all that is necessary. We must also have religion, morality and integrity. You take a fellow that is a rascal by nature and you may educate him just as much as you please and you can't wipe rascal out. If he knows you have a thousand dollars and he is ignorant, how will he get it? Go to your house and knock you on the head with a bludgeon. But you educate that fellow, and you only teach him to lay schemes to get your money by rascality. He will get around you with a railroad, or a lightning rod scheme and get your money. You have only directed his rascality into another channel. The sixth article provides that slavery shall forever be prohibited in the Northwest Territory. Whenever an _ individual set foot on the soil of the Northwest Territory he was a free man.

Dr. Thomas Stilwell was introduced and said: "On the 2d of August, last, there was a preliminary meeting of this society held at Birchard Library, and at that meeting I was requested to prepare a memorial address concerning our late president, Homer Everett, whose death has been recently announced. With this request I have cheerfully complied.

A man, who while he lived had no affiliation or connection with the people amongst whom he lived - had taken from others what he could get, and withheld from others what he could keep, who did nothing and said nothing to add to the pleasure or profit, or the well being of anybody - when such a man dies he leaves no record worth writing, he leaves no memory worth remembering, he is buried out of sight and is missed by nobody.

Few such, if any, were met within the cabin walls of a pioneer home. In a sense that distinguished the first settlers of this wild, uninhabited land, the early Church of Christ, for brotherly feeling, for generous impulse, for devotion of heart and life to the common weal, furnishes the only parallel, for 'neither said any of them that aught of the things which they possessed was his own, but they had all things common." and life, in 1815 came from Huron county with his parents Homer Everett - a child of two years old, before Sandusky county was_ organized, which, when organized, two or three years later, included the territory embraced within the present boundaries of Seneca and Ottawa counties.

That he was prepared for such a service shows how diligently and perseveringly he had improved the poor opportunities for schooling this country afforded at that day.

To one who would know the importance of the position to which this engagement introduced the young clerk at this formative stage of his life, he must know something of Mr. Olmstead, and of his mercantile life at Lower Sandusky, and for the needed information I woyld refer him to a sketch of both, written by Mr. Everett himself for the History of Sandusky County, published by H. Z. Williams & Bro., in 1882,

After the expiration of five years in his employ, Mr. Olmstead resigned the office of Postmaster which he then held, and on his recommendation Mr. Everett was appointed in his place - a very complimentary endorsement on his part of his clerk's integrity and

His faithfulness and fitness for public service were so shown in the office to which he had thus come, that before his commission was out, he was in 1837 elected sheriff of the county.

At the end of the term, he was reelected, but before the expiration of the first year, he resigned the office for the purpose of entering into a law partnership with Bishop Eddy, who was then successfully engaged in its practice here.

Having prepared himself in his leisure hours by persistent study, to undergo an examination, he went to Columbus, was examined, and was admitted to the bar.

Soon after the retirement of Mr. Eddy Mr. Everett became a partner of Judge Otis, who was at that time one of the prominent lawyers of Sandusky county, with whom he was associated several years - after which he laid aside his law books and removed to his farm a few miles below town on the west bank of the river.

He was re-elected in 1849, but did not continue in office until quite the close of the term, resigning to accept a partnership with Gen. R. P. Buckland, which continued for ten or twelve years.

And to-day in the presence of his cotemporary pioneers and the citizens here assembled it can be said of him that in the many stations he filled, in the many public trusts he held, in the many relations in his long career he bore, he was a true man. He betrayed no trust, he avoided the discharge of no duty, he practiced no deceit, he sought to injure no man - and that with an amenity of word and manner seldom equalled, he moved amongst the people of this Sandusky county, from earliest boyhood to an age beyond the allotted three score and ten, beloved and respected by all, leaving a memory that many years will not obliterate.

At the close of the address Dr. Stilwell offered the following resolution which was seconded by Isaac M. Keeler and unanimously adopted by the pioneers present.

Whereas, since our last meeting, on a visit to his children in a distant State, our honored President, Homer Everett, Esq., was taken sick at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Henry Hatfield, at Osborne, Kansas, and died on Wednesday, the 22d day of June, in the seventy-fourth year of his age, therefore,

Resolved, That there be entered upon the records of our society this minute of his death, with the expression of our sorrow, and the high esteem in which we held him, and that we will ever bear him in our memory as one of our respected associates.

Rev. Lang, in his usual jovial manner, introduced Rev. Geo. Cronenwett, pastor of the Lutheran Church at Woodville, this county, humorously alluding to his friend's unusual stature (six feet, four inches,).and to his broken English, agreeing to go his bail for the latter.

About 45 years ago I was requested to preach a sermon in English and in doing so made a failure, and after that felt no more courage to speak in English. Ten years later I was again induced, by an Englishman, to preach a sermon in English, but after the sermon I saw no more of the Englishman at my meetings. He had enough of my English. I have spoken a few times in English at the funerals of children. Between my wish to speak English and the performance there is a great difference. I can not say what I wish to in English as I do in German. I feel highly complimented in having my name on your card of invitation placed between such distinguished names as that of my old friend, Dr. Stilwell, and that of Ex-President R: B. Hayes. I think the President of the United States is to be honored more than the emperor of Germany. Being thus honored by you I thought I must speak as well as I could.

My theme is the title of your society, "Pioneer and Historical.' A pioneer is a person who goes before and clears the way. The early pioneers of Sandusky county cleared up the land, laid out roads, built bridges, and prepared the way for later settlers. Our "Young Americans" could not ride so easily in their fine carriages, when they go to see the girls, if it had not been for the work of the pioneers. I can speak from personal knowledge, only of the northwest part of Sandusky county, Woodville township and vicinity. The first German settlers came there in 1833 - Sebert and Schuler. The latter went to Perrysburg. The next year three more families came up the river. One mother brought a dead child hid in her shawl for fear it would be cast into the lake or river as is the custom at sea, and she had it buried at Lower Sandusky. Other families came until there were nine in Woodville township and they did not have room enough in the barn of Mr. Sever to put away their chests and trunks and some were stored in the barn of Mr. Amos E. Wood. The Maumee Pike was not then made. These settlers lived there in the dense woods. Some children sickened and died and were buried without coffins. The parents longed for a minister to come among them. Some of the husbands and fathers went to work on the Maumee Canal, from Toledo to Defiance, to get money to buy provisions for their families. In 1834 some were unable to buy flour in Fremont. They got such supplies as they could and carried them on their shoulders to Woodville. They bought their land at $1.25 per acre. One widow traveled on foot in wooden shoes to the land office at Bucyrus to buy her land. In 1835 they raised a crop of corn and ground it with their coffee mills to make bread. In 1841 I was sent as a missionary from Ann Arbor, Mich., to visit the Germans at Toledo, Perrysburg and the Black Swamp. I preached at Woodville but hesitated to accept _a call from them until they came after me to Michigan with teams. I had at first very poor lodging. It was a sort of porch on one side of a wagon shop, another family occupying the opposite porch. We had a stove and two beds in one small room. When it rained we had to place an umbrella over us when sleeping. The roads through the woods were very bad and often hard to find. I often missed my way in going to preach to the settlers at a distance, Sometimes I had to follow marks blazed on the trees through the woods.

If it had not been for the kind invitation on this card I should not have had courage to speak in English to this well educated audience, the expresident, lawyers, doctors and distinguished citizens and ladies. I have tried to honor you, and now if you please to accept my efforts I am satisfied if you are. (Applause.)

Isaac M. Keeler spoke in regard to the trial and conviction of Joseph Sperry, of Bellevue, for the murder of his wife. Sperry was tried at this place, then Lower Sandusky, and was found guilty of murder in the first degree on September 20, 1842. The jury which found him guilty was as follows: John Bell, Michael Reed, Henry Havens, Daniel Tindall, James Rose, David Chambers, Michael Overmier, William McGormly, Joseph Kelley, Lewis E. Marsh, Levi Parish, Samuel Skinner. Cooper K. Watson and Homer Everett were the prosecuting attorneys. Mr. Watson's total fees for services in the case amounted to $75, Mr. Everett's $10, The de fendant's attorneys were Messrs. Eddy and May, the former received from the county a fee of $15. The presiding Judge was Ozias Bowen, and La Q. Rawson was Clerk of Courts. Dr. Rawson, the Clerk, and Samuel Skinner, one of the jury, both residents of this city, and possibly James Rose, (removed from this county,) a juror, are the only persons connected with the trial now living. Sperry committed suicide in jail after his conviction.

bought the old court house and jail of the County Commissioners. The jail stood eight or ten feet south of the court house. I converted the old jail into a barn for my horse and cow, and the dungeon where Sperry killed himself was my hay mow on the same floor on which the horse stood. Mr. Sardis Birchard once asked me whether I was not afraid of spooks when I was obliged to get hay for my horse at night. I said ''O, Mr. Birchard, I borrow no trouble in regard to evil spirits or spooks.' He said, "Don't you know that Sperry killed himself in the dungeon, and that the old jail is a capital place for spooks, a capital place, sir?" He said this with unction, but I knew how to take it. Sperry never appeared to me and I do not desire to see him; nor do I desire to see him in the other world unless he obtained grace and pardon for his crime.

Mr. Grover said he was born in the State of New York, in 1810, moved to Green Creek township, this county, in 1836, and lived within three miles of a large Indian settlement where they had a council house, about 100 feet long, in which they often danced. The house was divided into four sections with fire places in the center of each around which the Indians danced. The squaws sometimes got on the benches and sang together, but they never danced. As a sacrifice the Indians killed a male and female white dog, tied a rope around each joint, hung it up until the 9th day, morning, at sunrise, when they burned it. One Indian had a little tobacco in a piece of buck-skin which he pulled off in bits and threw into the fire, talking all the time like a preacher. When the tobacco was all thrown into the fire he threw in the buck-skin and that ended the dance, Their dances were religious meetings, Methodist style. Sometimes they would amuse themselves by playing tricks on each other or by the use of masks or false faces, or by throwing hot ashes at each other.

Mr. Grover concluded by giving an illustration of the war dance, dancing around a table and giving the characteristic war whoops and yells to the amusement of the pioneers.

Rev. H. Lang exhibited a branch of a pear tree in which was a humming bird's nest with the two eggs about the size of a pea. The material of the nest was of the same color as the branch. Another nest which had been destroyed by sparrows showed the fine material inside and _ out. These nests were offered by Mrs. Chapin of Green Spring, to the Society, to be placed in Birchard Library. By vote of the Society they were accepted, with thanks to the donor.

Mr. Anderson expressed his thankfulness at being permitted again to meet with the pioneers and closed by saying "I stand yet as a monument of grace, saved by faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, which I consider the most important thing on the face of the earth. I know I shall soon have to leave this world and I want to have my house in order and be prepared for the better world. I have been a pioneer for a long time, I do not expect to see you again here but I hope to meet you in the better land where sickness and sorrow, pain and death shall be felt and feared no more. May God bless you all."

I came to hear, not to speak. My friend Lang spoke of Indian titles being extinguished and government land coming into market. My father settled in Marion county and we took our chances to purchase the land we lived on as soon as it came into market. The surveyors came along the

We lived in that log cabin of one room and entertained in it many a weary traveler. It was said by the publishers of the Ohio State Journal that we kept the best tavern between Columbus and Lower Sandusky. Our cabin was only one story high and all the nails used in it were made by my father. The Delaware and Wyandot Indians had their reservation four miles north of us and we often witnessed their pow wows and dances. The Delaware Indians at one time went from house to house among the whites to give specimens of their dancing for which the settlers gave them something to eat or drink - sometimes whisky. By doing some repairing on the Indians' guns we made enough money to buy a quarter section of land. It had to be offered at public sale. Land hunters came along and inquired into matters and asked the numbers of our sections. We were very fearful that some of them would bid ours off. The sale took place at Delaware. Father had to wait three or four days until his turn came and we waited anxiously to hear the result. Finally he came home and the first question was, "Father have you bought our land?" and he said, "This is our home!" That was one of the happiest nights in my the happiest of my life. About four years after this my father built a new house and our old one was used for a schoolhouse. Schools were then supported by subscription. Every neighborhood would hire a teacher at so much a month and he would board around among the _ scholars. We had school only three months in the year, and that was all the educational advantages I had when a boy. I forgot to bring my diploma to-day so you will have to take my word for the truth of these statements.

After living there ten years we came to Lower Sandusky in 1828. There was a log schoolhouse near where Dr. James Wilson lives. There was a teacher in Lower Sandusky then but I did not go to school after I came here. We had a school meeting at one time to vote for a schoolhouse and the business men voted against it. Judge Howland who was always on the contrary side in everything said, there was not a boy in Sandusky county that didn't already know more than his father.

Said he had nothing to say, as he could not talk about Indians, wild deer or wolves. He thought his speaking would be like the preacher who sent out his hat in taking a collection, and thought himself fortunate if he got his hat back, let alone a collection.

I came from Perry county at the age of 13. We had hard work to clear up land. We used to have ten or twelve men at logging. We had a team of oxen and if they went wrong we would back them up and then holler "Heavy Buck' and crack the whip, and it would go every time. We cut our grain with cradles. Our boys hardly know how to use them now as we have reapers and self binders. We used to rise early and get to work by sunrise; now the men go out at seven. I have worked many a day for fifty cents and did more work than some men do in two days now for a dollar. When I built a house thirty years ago the bricklayers wanted tackle to take up brick and window sills. I carried them up myself, with a little help, to the second and third story. If you don't believe it ask Dominique Smith. If I had _ not wrenched my back the other day I would be willing to tackle any man of my age and size. (Laughter.)

I do not feel competent to speak to the people, but I am very much gratified to see so many of our old friends here to talk of old times, present times and future prospects. A great change has taken place during the 70 years that I have lived in this vicinity. I saw many Indians here, but more in Canada. They were better behaved there; they did not burn white dogs. When they buried their dead they-had a pole hoisted covered with colored ribbons. They buried some tools and provisions with their dead for their use in the spirit "happy hunting grounds." Sometimes I have seen them drunk and using butcher knives. A number of Indians came to father's house one evening when mother was alone with her children. All but one of the Indians got tight on whisky. The sober one managed to get all the knives away from the rest and hid them under our floor. At night we used to hear the howling of wolves and other strange noises; sometimes the singing of churchgoing people resounded through the woods. The gospel had power then to change profane into praying men, and drunkards into sober men. I saw the time when there was but one praying man in our whole neighborhood; now all appear to have reformed. I am happy to see it. I hope and believe that there is a brighter day fast approaching. Darkness, discord and disunion are giving way. We now meet where all denominations are on one common level and united in Christian work. I hope that if we never meet here again, we may so live that we may meet in Heaven.

The Chairman said that as we had thus far heard only from the old pioneers he would now introduce to us a young man, Mr. Charles Paine Burgoon, of the fifth generation of Burgoons, in America, who would speak to us.

munities and states and nations; there is a period of performance of great duties and then comes the historical period when we gather up what has been done by our fathers, what has been done in the past by our country, our state, our community, and we talk about it.

We began our society some years ago aS a pioneer society; more recently in talking about it we have heard remarks in this style: "Why, the pioneer day is past - the pioneer day was the day of the Indian, of the dangerous wild animal, of the tomahawk and the scalping knife - that day is past, and there cannot be a new erop of pioneers - the old ones have passed away." But our Brother Cronenwett, the German pioneer of Woodville township, has, by his reminiscences, answered. all that. There were hardships since the days of the Indians. The people he described as coming from Germany suffered as really and perhaps as much as the pioneers of the earlier day. The truth is that suffering and privations and hardships are all relative. How is it with the present? Why, we can not now have the same hardships, but there is another life with its peculiar trials. I doubt not that in the progress of the world, that the men who shall live in the ease and luxury that the inventions of the next 50 years shall bring, will look back upon our time and wonder how we ever got along. We already begin to see that there was hardship even in the best of life between 50 and 70, between 70 and 80. I am facing now a large number of house-keepers. How they have worried with the ashes and the coal pipe and the wood-pile and the dirt that they scattered all over the house; but now we come in with natural gas and we are always clean, and there need be no more house cleaning. We do not need to commence house cleaning in the top of the house, as in the past, and as. they do in the cold regions, upsetting everything down to the cellar, making life a torment to the husband and sons, and by the time they get down to the bottom beginning again at the top. (Laughter.) We are getting out of that as we get into this delightful

There is always the old settler. And suppose he has not passed through any great hardships yet he has lived an honorable and good life in the community, and has reached the age of 70, 80, or 90, our society should honor him for that.

The historical period is worth having; it is worth the while to gather up history. The busy world has not time to do it. We in Ohio think that we are about as near to perfection as in the order of Providence human beings can be. Ohio is great, but you have done nothing for her history. You have written no books. Judge Lang has written a history of Senecacounty, and there is nothing better than that in the State.

The present is a very interesting period of time. We are just about 100 years old. Brother Finefrock was giving us an account of 1787. It was 100 years ago the 13th day of July last when that ordinance was adopted. There is to be a great centennial celebration of the formation of the Constitution in a week from now, the 17th of September, when the constitutional convention adjourned. We shall have the pictures of the men of that time. At the close of the convention, after they had voted in favor of the new constitution, Benjamin Franklin said: 'There is a sun represented at the back~-of that chair in which George Washington sits. I have been watching that sun these many days and weeks and I felt anxious about it. I wondered whether that sun was setting or rising - but now with every state voting for that constitution the sun has risen and I am happy." Scenes like that will be represented.

The great centennial of our State is soon coming, 1888, the 7th day of next April. Our schools are to take part in the celebration. It will teach our young folks a little of our nation's history. They have long been taught the history of other people, the Greeks and the Romans. Some one was telling me the other day of a place where the public walks were decorated with images and pillars, reminding you of Greek and Roman history. I am glad we shall have walks somewhere that will teach us something about American history.

I heard a lady with whom I am well acquainted say that she heard Chapjain McCabe give a talk about Libby Prison and she asked her boys in Sunday .School what Libby Prison was and there was not one of them that could give an intelligent account of it. Four of the boys had fathers who were in the army and the boys could not tell what regiment their fathers were in. There should be more American Education, There is no history in the world that compares with it in real interest and value to us. It is not merely what we are now but what we are to become. We are to-day the one nation towards whom all eyes are directed. Should not we know in detail and accurately every step in that long pathway which has led to our present greatness? We can brag about America. It is a subject I have spoken of and bragged about a good deal. I remember Gen. Kilpatrick made a speech - he was a rattling speaker, about as he was a leader in a cavalry charge - said he, "I shall talk of the scenes that I myself have witnessed and taken part in." Some said "Kill is bragging.' And there were some of us that did the same. Suppose there were, I have this to say about it: If there is anything that does a man good it is to do a good thing, and if there is anything better it is to brag about it.

My friends, that is in part what we are to do. Is it boasting? Now there is Father Cronenwett, six feet four - and if he is well unwound it would be six feet six. (Laughter.) What did he come to America for? Why didn't he go to France, or to Russia? They hold their heads up. It was just because America is what America is. You can say of it what never before could be said of any country on the globe, We need not speak our own judgments, we will appeal to our rivals: to Germany, England, Ireland, France or any other civilized nation in Europe, and take our place on the ascending scale according to their own decision. What is their decision? I do not care for their historians, essayists or Members of Parliament - actions speak louder than words. When a good man in Germany or Great Britain wants, for a good reason, to change the place of his abode, where does he go? There is but one nation that he thinks of going to, and that is America. That is not all. In every civilized nation there is an abundance of people not leaving but who would like to leave it. Are there any good people living in America wanting to leave by running to Germany or Russia? We hear of fellows skipping to Canada but they are not good citizens. The truth is that there is one nation on the Globe to which good people go, and there is one nation from which good people never go. There is one flag floating in the winds of heaven under which every good citizen who changes his place of residence likes to live and that is our Starry Banner, the Stars and Stripes. There is one flag floating in the winds of heaven from which people never willingly go. If you hear of anybody going back to his old home in England, Ireland, or Germany to enjoy. himself, you will find without exception that when he comes back he will say that the happiest moment in his journey was when he got back home to America. Then let us pioneers and citizens have it understood that whatever history of other nations shall be left out in our schools our own shall be thoroughly understood.

Well, I think the time has come to stop - My first and last thing here, as elsewhere, has been education: that is my hobby. When I talk to soldiers I get on that hobby. I have a new story now, however - most _ stories come so often that when the speaker begins you know how it is coming out, There was in a growing city an interest taken in what is called the art of painting, and it was understood that an artist was to come there, and a man wanted to have a tavern sign painted - a picture, not a mere name. The artist got a big canvas as large as that book-case and painted a great big red lion. The tavern keeper would have preferred an eagle but it was a pretty lion and he accepted it.

Some lady hearing about this artist got him to decorate her house with paintings. She just turned him loose in the house to paint as he chose, and when the lady came to examine his work she found on the mantelpiece a large red lion and in another room there was a small spot over a wash basin where he had painted a small red lion, and in every room there was a red lion - a small one or a large one. On inquiry she found that the fellow could not paint anything but a lion and could not paint any other color but red. (Laughter and applause.)

On motion a vote of thanks was tendered by the Society to the sheriff and his wife, to the deputy sheriff and the commissioners for the use of the Court House and to Dr. Darst, organist and to the choir for their excellent music.

_ A bouquet was then presented to Mrs. Mary Ann Tucker, aged 86, she being the oldest pioneer lady present, and to Mr, Alvin Anderson the oldest gentleman, aged 88.

The choir then sang "Jerusalem My Glorious Home," after which the whole congregation repeated the Lord's Prayer, the benediction was pronounced and the Society adjourned.

Names Ages 5. eons oes 69 ANGerson=A LVinls cane eae 88 Bushnell kee Derren ene 64 Bucklandte Geis hea eta eae 75 Bettss CR a Hirseh tas ec oe Gene aa 58 IBCLUSieVILS ehh. Lvs test eeeametnices 62 Brush, BCHASH wa saean enree (Ae BO WLUIS,-RELOD Py <peeeean yee cr ae veri Brunthavier Peter Saws es eae 65 Brunthaver,.<Ve Jira. meee eee 60 Berdsely; Mary Amn 2.0... sceoe 78 Colby. Mrs @LOulsa ws cect ee 62 CHAPIN, 2 Sea Wicwht oad harseceneene ear 75 Clin gene soir tirbcas tote ae te er re 55 Cronenwett, Rev. Geo. .......... lie Coe; Richard! 7... saeco eee 69 Gady;SRre Mickie tne eee 81 WOLD y; CAA: eevee Ces ener enone 73 Glapp,.. Matilda, Saspemnc nee ae 63 Clarkis eM ao kk,. cto eon tein 67

MeCulloch?) Mrss GC. 'Ra. o.230-. 6. 61 Moon shiza beth... eee oafa. cscs. aa SPC Un ORs Cor ry tee eh aca 5 66 MEGcon Cantar s Ooty nah. oo: 79 MeGormiey, Mrsoiucy J. 2.<..'s-.. 60 WAICKICNs GALAN G Poe eee fe eo tate 62 IVODEGENS MTS ond OAS te to en Pee 2 64 Iieckele (Petar ries csc nee 72 Tien a CMAP EIOR sce gmc nls. Cou w os (fal PARE MSG Woe amr ley tae oe 81 Gwe BATZANe LN oe, once «elas 78 Rosenberger, Mrs. Mary ......... 70 Rosen perrern GASa voces oh wed 69 Reeves, Mrs. Elizabeth ........... 63 Remelspacher, Elizab. ........... 69 Rearick. Misa ps oo bass cleat 63 ROC EG CORSE yn coe Gado reetir eens « 81

Sulwebl, Mrs--Mary: . 2.0.66. vc. - 74 Stivell: Dr: Thomas os25 < Sees has 72 Pneldom Mrs. Wee Be "dete: «ike 64 SPOR RORBALNAN! [oss oc. Sctaata cals 65 SSL 0 513 Pa 5 of aa Ore i ee 62 RPEMNIS Ee SATR Ee rn Ses oe a a 73 ROPMUNIOREME SOU TY SG ct a cat areal famous and the defense of Fort Stephenson by Major George Croghan - a gallant young Kentuckian, only 21 years of age - giving him a never-tobe-forgotten name. When the British and Indians, with a large superior force, appeared before Fort Stephenson - now within the limits of the city of Fremont, and upon its site a beautiful hall built and donated to Fremont by Sardis Birchard, the uncle of General R. B. Hayes - they demanded its surrender. General Harrison had advised Croghan that if the enemy appeared in force he should retreat, but Croghan wrote back: 'We have determined tc maintain this place, and, by heavens, we can. Proctor, the British commander, with about 2,400 troops and Indians, surrounded Fort Stephenson, and then sent a flag of truce to Croghan, advising him to submit and save the massacre that would certainly be the result if he . resisted. Ensign Shipp, Croghan's representative, coolly replied: 'When this fort shall be taken there will be none to massacre. It will not be given up while a man is able to resist.' Croghan's force was composed of one hundred and sixty men. The British advanced their storming party under Lieutenant Colonel Short, who shouted, 'Cut away the pickets, my brave boys, and show the d d Yankees no quarter. The men in the fort, mostly Kentucky Yankee sharpshooters, reserved their fire until the 'red coats' approached to within fifteen or twenty paces, when they let fiy their balls with such fatal precision that the British faltered. Then they turned their masked battery, a single gun, a 6 pounder, loaded with grape and canister, upon them, and the ditch was soon filled with the proud British grenadiers beat a retreat. Croghan lost one man killed and seven slightly wounded. The British loss in the assault was in killed and wounded about 120. The attack only lasted half an hour. Major Croghan's exploit made him a popular favorite throughout the country. The ladies of Chillicothe presented him with a beautiful sword, congress voted him a medal and the thanks of the nation. Indeed the young man was literally overwhelmed with laurels. The cannon which did such fearful execution in the fight belongs to the city of Fremont and has a prominent position on the ground once the old fort. The people of Fremont for many years have celebrated the 2d of August, keeping fresh in the memory of the people of their region the gallantry and heroism of Croghan and his little band of co-defenders. Of late days the people along the banks of Lake Erie have not celebrated the anniversary of Perry's victory as they should, 'Father' Addison this month attempted to get up an excursion to the scene of the battle, but the people did not respond as patriotically as expected, hence there was no excursion to Put-in-Bay. Therefore to 'celebrate the day' these lines are prepared and submitted."

In 1882 a bill was passed by the legislature authorizing the voters of Sandusky county to levy the necessary tax to erect a Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. This was accordingly done, and in October of 1882 The Sandusky County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monumental Association was then incorported, composed of Ex-president R. B. Hayes, Gen. R. P. Buck land, Col. W. HE. Hayes, Capt. John M. Lemmon, Col. J. H. Rhodes, Hon. John B. Rice and Capt. M. EH. Tyler.

The tax was voted and the commissioners ordered the levy to be made in 1884. Plans for the monument were made and the contract for its erection was awarded to the New England Granite Works of Hartford, Con-

The monument is erected in Fort Stephenson park, Fremont, Ohio, and is forty-four feet and three inches high. The platform is eighteen feet square and on it rests three bases five and one-half feet high, the largest being eight feet and nine inches square. The die is four feet square. On top of that is a cap over which rests the Corinthian column, three feet in diameter at the bottom an1 two feet six inches at the top, eighteen feet six inches in length and fluted. The cap surmounting the column is four feet eight inches square

Among the distinguished guests at the unveiling were Senator John Sherman, Senator Payne, Ex-governor Chas. Foster, Judge J. B. Foraker, Gen. Robert P. Kennedy, Maj. Gen. J. D. Cox, Gen. Beatty, Gen. Grosvenor, Gen. J. C. Lee, Gen. M. D. Leggett, D. R. Locke (Nasby), Gen. J. M. Comly, Gen. J. S. Casement, Gen. Frank Sawyer and many others prominent in that day, as well as ten thousand or more visitors.

Hon. George W. Glick

A statue of this distinguished citizen of Kansas, formerly of Fremont, who died at his home in Atchison, Kan., April 13, 1911, in the 85th year of his age, was recently placed in Statuary Hall at Washington, by request of the legislature of the state of Kansas in recognition of his long and conspicuous public service rendered that state. This high honor, according to a law of the United States, can be conferred on only two citizens of a state. The other statue Kansas is entitled to is that now in the hall of Hon. John J. Ingalls, who died some years ago. The citizens of Sandusky county will naturally feel interested in this honor being bestowed on one of her former citizens, who is well remembered by many of the older people of the county, as contemporary within their day of the noted galaxy of prominent pioneers of Lower Sandusky, the Dickinsons, Everetts, Bucklands, Otis, Justice, Wilson, Brainard, Birchard, Stilwell, Beaugrand and others no less worthy of mention.

His parents were Isaac and Mary Glick who settled on a farm in Ballville township in 1834, now owned by Daniel C. Miller, bringing their son, George W., with them from Fairfield county, Ohio, where he was born, July 24, 1827. Here he was reared to maahood, receiving his early schooling in the public schools of the township, and in Lower Sandusky (Fremont). He attended Central College near Columbus, where he took high rank in Latin and higher mathematics.

While quite a young man he engaged in school teaching, and among others, he served in the Babione schoolhouse still in use, in Ballville township. In 1848 he commenced the study of law, being then 21 years of age, with the law firm of Buckland & Hayes, composed of Ralph P. Buckland and Rutherford B. Hayes, and was admitted to the bar in 1850. He practiced in Fremont for the period of seven years with prominence, re- moving to Sandusky City in 1857. From there, in 1859, he emigrated to the then newly organized territory of Kansas, whose settlers were in the throes of bitter strife to the verge of civil war over the question whether Kansas should be a free or slave state. He vigorously espoused the free state cause and was perhaps as much responsible for the adoption of the free state constitution under which Kansas was admitted into the union of states as any other person. He still loved his native state of Ohio and admired her state policies and laws; and it was his ambition that the laws of the new state of his adoption should be a transcript as nearly as practicable of those of his native state. To this end he labored and with much success. He was a member of the first legislature and was many times re-elected, serving in 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1868 and 1876, being the longest service in the legislature of any other person of any political party in the state. In 1882 he was elected governor of the state, and inaugurated January 8, 1883, and had the distinction of being the only democrat ever elected in Kansas to that office until the election of a democrat in 1912. In his later years he gave much attention to agriculture and was the owner of a farming tract of land of 640 acres, near Atchison, the city of his residence. He made a specialty of breeding short horn cattle, and a number of times paid as high as $1000 for a single head, and among stock dealers obtained a wide reputation, shipping cattle to many parts of the United. States. Hon. Victor Murdock, of Kansas, in the house of representatives, on the occasion of placing this statute, in part said: "In common with its entire citizenship, he rejoiced in the high estate Kansas reached in social progress, for he grew to see the state of which he was an early governor, rise to the highest development that in many respects, I think, it is possible for a people to attain. He lived to see the day when this vast expanse which he knew as a youth, as an endless, treeless, virgin prairie, had grown to a rich commonwealth, populated by a contented folk in the midst of rich fields, churches, schools, with bursting bins of plenty, with bank deposits reaching $600 per family, with $750 per family in live stock. He lived to see his state consisting of 105 counties, number among them 87 counties without any insane, 54 counties without feeble minded, 96 counties without any inebriates, 38 counties without any poor houses, 53 counties without any persons in jail, and 65 counties without a representative in the state penitentiary. He lived to see the state which he entered under the lure and invitation of political contest bring to the vision of his old age the splendid spectacle of an era of finished development, of rounded citizenship, of peace and permanent prosperity."

The people of Sandusky county have reason to be proud of their distinguished former citizen and also the privilege to claim a share in the honor paid him by his adopted state and the nation in recognition of his splendid public service and his high personal character.

Basil Meek Col. William E. Haynes

Colonel William E. Haynes, one of the most prominent citizens of Fremont and widely known throughout all northern Ohio, died suddenly Saturday evening, Dec. 25, 1914, following an illness of only an hour. A lifelong resident of the city, where he has taken a large and active part in all its affairs over a long span of years, his career embracing many lines of activity as merchant, soldier, statesman, banker and man of many interests, his passing from life has moved the community profoundly.

So large a part has Colonel Haynes taken in the affairs of Fremont that his sudden death comes as a shock the extent of which it is difficult to realize. He is best known to latter day Fremont people as president of the Fremont Savings bank, but in the more than 70 years he has lived here he has grown to be a part of the city and its activities. He enjoyed the esteem and confidence of his fellow men in a rare degree. He has well served his country, his state and his home city. He has been greatly honored in positions of trust and responsibility, and in every sphere of life in which he has moved his many admirable traits of character have been manifest.

Colonel Haynes, though not a member of St. Paul's church, was an attendant there and much interested in its work. His father was one of the founders of St. Paul's church. He was affiliated with the Grand Army of the Republic and with the local lodge of Elks.

In Basil Meek's History of Sandusky County, there appears an excellent account of the life and works of Colonel Haynes. Since it was published Colonel Haynes was honored during the administration of Governor Harmon by being placed by him on the Gettysburg Centennial Celebration Commission.

Col. William E. Haynes was born in Hoosick Falls, N. Y., Oct. 19, 1829. He moved with his parents to Lower Sandusky (now Fremont), in 1840. In early life he learned the printing business on the Sandusky Clarion, now the Sandusky Register, and was later engaged on the Cleveland Plain Dealer and other papers. During the years 1848 and 1849 he was engaged on Lake Superior as clerk of a steamer. Returning to Fremont in 1850 he was engaged in mercantile pursuits, becoming a member of the firm of John P. Haynes and Son.

Col. Haynes was married to Maria H. Harmon, of Fremont, Feb. 8, 1855, and had three children: Julia M. Haynes, William P. Haynes, president of the Fremont Savings Bank, and George W. Haynes, an attorney and cashier of the Fremont Savings Bank.

At the breaking out of the civil war he was one of the first to respond to the call to arms, enlisting April 10, 1861, in the Highth regiment, Ohio Infantry, being commissioned as captain. He served with that regiment in western Virginia, the Shenandoah valley and the army of the Potomac until November, 1862, when he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the Tenth Ohio Cavalry, and served with honor and distinction in the army of the Cumberland until 1864.

At the close of the war he returned to Fremont, and in 1866 was appointed by President Andrew Johnson collector of internal revenue for the ninth district of Ohio, which position he held until March, 1867.

In the year 1866 he again entered mercantile life, becoming a member of the firm of Haynes & Engler, extensive: dealers for many years in grain and farm produce. In 1873, Col. Haynes retired from this firm to become cashier of the Bank of Fremont. He was associated with the late F. S. White in the Bank of Fremont and later with the firm of White & Haynes until in 1888 when he became vicepresident and manager of the Fremont Savings Bank.

Col. Haynes always took an active part in the political affairs of the state and in the success of the democratic party, of which he was a lifelong member. He served many years

He was a delegate to the democratic national convention held in Cincinnati in 1880 that nominated Gen. Hancock for president, and also to the Chicago convention in 1884, and represented Ohio on the committee that notified Cleveland and Hendricks of their nomination by that convention.

In 1884 he was appointed by Govyernor Hoadly a member of the first board of trustees for the Toledo Asylum for the Insane and served during the construction of that institution from 1884 to 1888.

He was appointed by Governor William McKinley to the board of trustees for the state institution for feeble-minded youth; was reappointed by Governors Nash, Bushnell and Herrick. :

He was nominated without solicitation as democratic candidate for representative for the ninth district of Ohio, composed of Lucas, Erie, Ottawa and Sandusky counties, to the fifty-first congress, received a majority of 1148 votes in the district over the Hon. Jacob Romeis, republican nominee.

He was unanimously renominated and elected to the 52nd congress, receiving 2056 votes in a district over the Hon. James M. Ashley, the republican nominee.

During the 51st congress he was a member of a committee on banking and currency and in the 52nd was a member on rivers and harbors as well as chairman of the committee on liquors. As a member of the committee on rivers and harbors, Col. Haynes was instrumental in securing large appropriations for the benefit of the rivers and harbors of this district.

His congressional district having been changed he declined a renomination to the 53d congress and returned to Fremont to devote his time to his banking and other interests.

In 1894 he was again honored by his party by being nominated for representative for the thirteenth district of Ohio, composed of Erie, Sandusky, Seneca, Crawford, Wyandot and Marion counties, to the 54th congress, but on account of business engagements and other causes, he declined to accept the nomination.

Col. Haynes was selected by the late Sardis Birchard as a member of the board of trustees of Birchard library and had been president of the board many years.

Col. Haynes was president of the Fremont Savings Bank, one of the oldest and strongest banking institutions of the city, and to which he gave his personal attention. x

He had always been a large contributor to all the public enterprises both of time and money and no citizen has done more to aid in the building up and carrying forth the material interests of Fremont and Sandusky county than Col. Haynes.

Miss Julia M. Haynes

Miss Julia M. Haynes, prominent Fremont woman and a lifelong resident of this city, died very suddenly at the Haynes family residence on Justice street, shortly before nine o'clock, Wednesday morning, July 21, 1915.

Miss Haynes was born in Fremont, Ohio, Sept. 4, 1858, the only daughter of the late Col. Wm. E. and Maria H. Haynes. She was educated in the Fremont public schools and graduated at St. Agnes' school, Albany, N. Y. She was a member of St. Paul's Protestant' Episcopal church. All her life was spent in Fremont, excepting when absent in Washington, D. C., with her father, a member of congress. She was his private secretary during his congressional career. She traveled extensively in this country and Europe and always spent the winter seasons in the south with her father and mother as long as they lived and to whom she was greatly attached and and was the first regent of the chapter. She was also a life member of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical society and belonged to various church and social societies and clubs.

She was author of a highly interesting Monograph entitled, "Fremont in History," published by the Ohio Archaeological and Historical society.

Miss Haynes was a woman of most brilliant attainments and possessed of many beautiful traits of character which endeared her to her family and the circle of friends who were privileged to share the influence of her companionship. Quiet and unostentatious in her manner, she accomplished much good in the charitable and social fields in which she centered her endeavors and will be held in sweet remembrance by those associated most closely with her.

At a largely attended meeting of the Col. George Croghan Chapter, D. A. R., held at the home of Mrs. F. H. Dorr, Nov. 17, 1915, in memory of Julia M. Haynes, and being the fifteenth anniversary of the founding of the chapter, a committee composed of Mrs. Mary M. Hayes, Mrs. Harriet A. Gast and Mrs. May H. Dorr was appointed to prepare and report to the meeting a suitable tribute to the memory of Miss Haynes. The committee

"We desire to offer the following tribute to the memory of Miss Julia M. Haynes, our beloved chapter member, whose death occurred so sud-| denly July 21, 1915:

"As Daughters of the American Revolution, we especially feel our great loss, as Miss Haynes was the founder and first Regent of the Col. George Croghan Chapter. The elm tree now grown to be one of the finest in Fort Stephenson park, was planted during her administration, the marking of historical places in this locality decided upon, and the membership very largely increased. During the three years of her regency, she guided the affairs of the chapter so wisely and so well as to lay a firm foundation, which enabled it to grow into one of the strongest chapters of the state.

"Unassuming, yet wise and efficient; devoted to the best interests of the chapter and serving repeatedly on its board of management she held the esteem and love of the entire membership; and her influence will remain a distinct force in our chapter life."

John P. Moore

John P. Moore for many years a prominent Fremont resident, died at seven o'clock Friday morning at his late residence on the Port Clinton road north of the city. Mr. Moore had been in ill health for some time and two weeks ago he suffered a stroke or paralysis and this was the direct cause of his death. His wife is also in a very serious condition and not expected to live. The deceased is survived by his widow and one son, Theodore F. Moore, who is located at Phoenix, Ariz., where he is one of the instructors in the government school for Indians. Mr. Moore had been a member of the Odd Fellows for many years and during his long residence in Fremont was always a highly esteemed citizen. He was one of the few real pioneers of this section still living. Arrangements for the funeral have not been completed but the services will probably be held Sunday and the remains interred in Oakwood cemetery.

John P. Moore was a native of Hampton, Adams county, Pennsylvania, and was born on the first day of December, 1829, and was not quite 86 years of age when he passed away. The family consisted of 12 children and John P. was the ninth in the family. All the children lived to a ripe old age, The family came west in 1834, and located first in Woodville township, this county, where the subject of this sketch spent his boyhood days in hard work with but little pleasure and no amusements. Neither did he receive much of an education. He helped to clear and improve his father's land, burn lime and haul stone for the improvements of the new roads. He also worked in the summer time to raise the provisions that would keep the family supplied during the winter season. In April, 1848, Mr. Moore decided to come to Lower Sandusky, now Fremont, where he apprenticed himself to Ira Canfield, owner of a blacksmith shop here to learn the trade. After working several years in the shop for the widow of the proprietor, Mr. Moore in 1850 returned to Woodville where he opened a shop of his own on one corner of his father's farm, facing the Maumee pike. There he engaged in blacksmithing and wagon making a number of years and made a specialty of shoeing the horses used on the old stage coach line. There were no railroads or automobiles in those days. A year or two later, Mr. Moore returned to Fremont and purchased the site at the corner of Garrison and Water streets, where for many years he successfully conducted a large carriage, wagon and blacksmith shop. The old Moore shop was for years

_ one of the landmarks of this section. Some years ago, owing to his age, Mr. Moore decided to discontinue business and has since lived a retired life.

Mr. Cavalier was born Aug. 24, 1829, at Port Clinton, being the eldest of a family of nine children of Mr. and Mrs. Albert Cavalier. He resided at that place one year, when his parents then moved south of Port Clinton to what is known as Bay Shore, where they resided two years, then moved to little Mud Creek in Sandusky county, near the Port Clinton road, and remained there for four years. They then moved to Big Mud Creek in Ottawa county and remained there until the subject of this sketch was aged 25. On April 29, 1854, he was united in marriage to Miss Ellen Davis and they took up their residence on a small farm in Rice township. Here the happy couple lived together until Sept. 27, 1871, when death separated them, leaving one adopted daughter, six years of age, now Mrs. A. J. Tuckerman, of Fremont. On Dec, 24, 1872, he was again united in marriage to Sarah Benway. To this union three children were born, one son and two daughters. The son died in infancy, the two daughters grew to womanhood. The younger daughter, Elizabeth, died June 12, 1903. The only daughter now living is the wife of C. H. Gilson, residing in Fremont. Mr, Cavalier was an old hunter of the wild prairies as this section was called in his early life. He began hunting at the age of seven. The father bought the gun when the babe was only a year old and kept it until he was 12 years old and with this Mr. Cavalier shot his first deer and many hundreds he killed in after years. Many other fur bearing animals he caught trapping and hunting. Many thousands of ducks did he kill, from which he would receive from $1000 to $1200 every spring and fall. In this way he bought and paid for a farm of 174 acres, which he occupied until his death. Many an interesting story could he tell of the pioneer life of this section. He would often tell how his parents would get their corn ground for meal. When they went to the mill usually three or four families would go together and take a whole load of corn at a time. They would start early in the morning and the men would go ahead and cut a path for the oxen and it took about two days to make the journey as the old Hedge Mills, then the only mills hereabouts, were about where Green Spring now stands. Before there were any mills in this vicinity the old pioneers had to grind corn in a small coffee mill in order to have meal to make bread. Many a trip he made in this way to Lower Sandusky, always carrying an ax, as there were no roads in those days. When the game began to get scarce in this section he made several trips to Michigan and Arkansas. He only shot one black bear and that was on his second trip to Michigan, The first day after arriving at camp, at the age of 75 years, he made his last trip to Arkansas and was accompanied by Mr. Ranson, who was an old friend and hunting companion of Mr. Cavalier. At the age of 78 he caught over 300 muskrats and 10 minks in one winter, traveling a distance of three miles to his marsh which was then part of the Horse Shoe near Sandusky river. He did his own farming in the day time and at night would hunt frogs, of which he would catch from 60 to 100 dozen a week and received $1.25 per dozen.

Mr. Cavalier died Feb. 17, 1915, aged 85 years, 5 months and 23 days, death being caused by old age and a complication of diseases. His daughter and family were at his bedside when he passed away.

He is survived by the widow, Mrs. Sarah V. Cavalier, one daughter, Mrs. C. H. Gilson, of Fremont; one adopted daughter, Mrs. A. J. Tuckerman, also of Fremont; eight grandchildren and one great-grandchild. He is also survived by two sisters, Mrs. Lathum and Mrs. G. W. Case, both of Sandusky; one brother, J. F. Cavalier, of Oak Harbor, also a large circle of friends and other relatives. The remains were on Thursday brought to

Rodolphus Dickinson

Rodolphus Dickinson was born in the state of Massachusetts in 1797, and graduated at Williams College, studied law with Gustavus Swan at Columbus, Ohio; first settled in Tiffin and was prosecuting attorney of Seneca county in 1824; located in Sandusky county in 1826 and was prosecuting attorney here in 1827; was member of the state board of public works from 1830 to 1845; was elected to congress in 1846 and re-elected in 1848; died March 20, 1849. His wife was Margaret Beaugrand, daughter of John B. Beaugrand, an early settler of Lower Sandusky. Mr. Dickinson was a highly respected citizen and was noted for his public spirit as expressed in an able and conspicuous public service of nearly a quarter of a century. Dickinson street in Fremont is named for him.

Betsy Vickery

of Sandusky county, died Wednesday morning at 8:15 o'clock, at the home of Mrs. Eunice Bauman, 228 South Fifth street, following a long illness, Sept. 14, 1915. Death was due to the infirmities of advanced years. She had been failing for two years and during the last six weeks had been confined to her bed practically the entire time.

The funeral services will be held Friday afternoon at 2 o'clock from the Methodist church and interment will be made in Oakwood cemetery. Rev. J. C. Roberts will officiate.

Mrs. Vickery was a native of England, where she was born on April 27, 1822, in Devonshire. Her maiden name was Betsy Diamond. There she grew to womanhood and following her marriage to Robert Vickery, came to this country 65 years ago and settled in Sandusky county. They first took up their residence at Bellevue and successively on farms on the North Ridge, in Green Creek township, and in Riley township near the present site of Vickery. That village gained its name from the family which owned a large piece of property near the present Vickery station, when the L. E. & W. railroad was constructed.

Mr. and Mrs. Vickery resided in Riley for over 30 years and then moved to Fremont, where Mrs. Vickery spent the last 30 years of her life. The husband died 17 years ago and from that time Mrs. Vickery made her home with various relatives and friends.

She was a regular member of the Methodist church as long as health permitted but of late years was seldom able to attend the church seryices.

Three sons, Robert, of Fremont; William, of Clyde, and George, of Bowling Green; 18 grandchildren and 21 great-grandchildren are left to mourn her death, as well as a large circle of friends.

The remains were removed from the Baumann residence on Fifth street, where Mrs. Vickery lived during the past year, to the home of the son, Robert Vickery, 213 Fuller street, Wednesday afternoon, where the body will remain until the funeral.

Miss Mary P. Dillon

Miss Mary P. Dillon, 79, for many years a prominent Fremont woman, died very suddenly Monday night, Dec. 6, 1915, at 8:30, at her late residence on Croghan street, death being the termination of a severe attack of heart failure, suffered by Miss Dillon about 5:30 Monday afternoon. Previous to the final and fatal illness, Miss Dillon had been enjoying her usual good health and the announcement of her unexpected demise was received with profound regret, not only by the members of her family, who had been summoned to her bedside, but by the large circle of friends and acquaintances of the deceased.

The late Miss Dillon was a native of the Buckeye state and was born at Norwich, Ohio, Aug. 1, 1836, the daughter of the late Dr. Ezer and Elizabeth Dillon. In 1861 the Dillon family removed to Fremont, where Dr. Dillon began the practice of medicine, which he continued until] his death in 1892. Miss Dillon, always a great lover of books, twenty or more years ago established the book and school supply business, which she carried on with success for many years at her locations on Croghan street, first west of Park avenue and later in the present Dillon block, opposite Fort Stephenson park. For many years she was an active member of the First Presbyterian church, a teacher in th2 Sunday school and connected with the several church societies. She was ever faithful to her Christian duties and on Sunday last, the day previous to her death, worshipped at the Sunday services as usual. Several years ago, owing to her advanced years and failing eyesight, Miss Dillon was compelled to give up many of the activities which had characterized her entire life. Her nearest living surviving relative is one brother, Charles M. Dillon, from whose home the funeral will be held Wednesday.

a gentle and kind disposition and cultured manner, she was loved in her own immediate circle of friends and respected by a large acquaintanceship to whom she had become known in her business relations, especially to the school children, who were her particular favorites.

Philemon Beery died August 31, 1883, aged 60 years, at Mendham, New Jersey. Mr. Beery's place of nativity was in the region known as the "Black Swamp,' west of Fremont. He began his business career as a clerk in Haynes store in Lower Sandusky and was afterwards with Wiley and Vandcook. At different times he was in business in Sandusky City, "Hamers Corners," and at the time of his death he was in business in New York. He leaves a wife and three children, two sons and a daughter.

Thomas Silverwood, of Ottawa county, died at the age of 93 years, two months, and eighteen days. He was born in Union county, Pa. Was the father of 18 children. He located in Fremont, in 1848, and moved to Ottawa county in 1846. He was a soldier in the war of 1812.

Mrs. Esther M. Gallagher died at Fremont, Ohio, aged 81 years. 'She was born in Rutland, Vermont, and came to Ohio in 1813, and married David Gallagher, Feb. 6, 1823. The funeral services were conducted from the house, the Rev. D. D. Mather officiating. Pall Bearers: Gen. R. B. Hayes, Gen. R. P. Buckland, D. June, rf Pero, A. J. Hale and James Krider.

Mrs. Lydia B. Bell died at Grand Rapids, Mich., Friday, Nov. 9, 1883, aged 77 years. Her maiden name was Lydia Souder and she was born in Pennsylvania, June 6, 1806. She moved with her parents to Fredricktown, Md., and-lived there until 20 years of age, then moved to Ohio and settled in Seneca county, near Tiffin.

Ira Smith died at Fremont, Ohio, Nov. 27, 18838, aged 68 years. He at an early age moved with his parents to Touisant, then moved to Fremont, where he resided at the time of his death.

Mrs. Eveline Ball died at her house, north of the city, Dec. 25, 1883, aged 83 years, 10 months and 10 days. She was born in Syracuse, N. Y., her maiden name was Eveline Patterson. She came to Ohio, in 1816, and lived on the Peninsula in Ottawa county, until 1818, when she came to this place, then Lower Sandusky.

Hon. Hyram R. Pettibone died at Fond du Lac, Wis., Jan. 22, 1884, aged 89 years. He was the father of Mrs. D. A. Taylor, of this city, and formerly lived here.

Mrs. Catherine Sophia Bonner died in Washington township, at the home of her daughter, Dec. 13, 1883, aged 82 years. She was born at Feldberg, Baden.

Mrs. Mary Barbery Sophia Meyer died Jan. 7, 1884, aged 59 years, 2 months and 21 days. She was born at Feldberg, Baden, and was the daughter of Mrs, Bonner, and wife of Heman Meyer. She died at home in Woodville, Washington township.

Mrs. Rosa Catherine Baumgartner died at the home of her son in Washington township, Feb. 3, 1884, aged 80 years and 21 days. She was born in Betingen, Baden.

Mrs. Susan Totten died at Findlay, Ohio, March 22, 1884, aged 70 years. Mrs. Totten was with her husband a resident of Fremont for several years.

tawa, Ill., April 9, 1884, aged 79 years. She was born in Perry county. in 1821, and with her parents settled in Ballville township, in 1824. She was married to Asa B. Gallit, who died in 1827. In 1829, she married Jesse Emerson. Mrs. Emerson resided in Sandusky county continuously from 1821 until 1880. She leaves a large family of children, who are numbered with our best citizens. Mrs. Emerson was highly esteemed for her thorough and courageous discharge of all her duties.

Mrs. Bertha Hafford died at the residence of her son-in-law, Mr. E. H. Underhill, in Fremont, Ohio, May 18, 1884, aged 84 years. She was born in New Bedford, Mass., and moved to this state in 1836. Was the mother of five children and a sincere Christian.

Mrs. Abram Bowlus died in Henry county, June 23, 1884, aged about 70 years, Mrs. Bowlus was one of the early settlers and lived for many years on Muskalonge Creek, west of Fremont.

Died, at her residence on Front Street, Friday morning, Sept. 5, 1884, Mrs. Harriett M. Norton, relict of F. I. Norton, aged 71 years, 1 month and 12 days. Mrs. Harriet Miranda Norton died at her residence on Front street, Friday, Sept. 5, 1884. She lived a little more than one year longer than the three score years and ten allotted to human life. She was the eldest child of Salmon and Philena P. Willard, and was born at Clarmont, New Hampshire, July 23, 1813. She was married to F. I. Norton, April 27, 1835, and came with him to Fremont the same year. They had five children: two sons and three daughters. Two of the daughters died leaving one daughter and two sons still living as follows: Mrs. George Redway, of Washington, D. C.; Willard I., and F. I. Norton, of this city. Mrs. Norton's husband died on Monday, Nov. 4, 1878, at the age of 67 years and eight months.

Archibald Richards died near Clyde, Ohio, Oct. 18, 1884, aged 72 years. Mr. Richards was born in Waterford, Conn., Aug. 12, 1812, and came to Sandusky county in 1834. He leaves a wife and eight children.

Mrs. Margaret Shaw died Oct. 18, 1884, aged 79 years. Mrs. Shaw was born in Ireland and came to this country in 1834, and lived in Massachusetts, for 27 years. In June, 1836,

John Riddell died in Bellevue, Ohio, Oct. 28, 1884, aged 84 years and 22 days. Mr. Riddell was one of the pioneer settlers of Sandusky county. He moved with his family from New York State fifty-three years ago and purchased a farm near Bellevue. Since the death of his wife, eleven years ago, the deceased lived with his son, W. B. Riddell, proprietor of the Riddell House, Bellevue.