Sandusky Township (part 9 of 57)

Dr Lewis Gessner died at his home in Ripley township, Tuesday, Nov. 28, 1884, aged 80 years 7 months and 19 days. He was born April 6, 1804, in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany. He emigrated to America in 1833, and settled in Lower Sandusky in 1838. Dr. Gessner was among the oldest members of the Masonic Order in this county. He became a mason in 1848, and was one of the Charter members of Fort Stephenson Lodge of this city.

Henry Bauman died at his home in Ballville township, Tuesday, Jan. 27, 1885, aged 76 years, 6 months and 28 days. Mr. Bauman had been a resident of Sandusky county for 50 years and was well and favorably known.

William E. Green died Jan. 21, 1885, aged 82 years. He came to Ottawa county in 1842, where he has since lived. He was a life member of the M. E. Church and lived an honest life among his neighbors.

John N. Smith died in 1884, aged about 60 years. He' was for a long time prominent in the affairs of our county. Moved with his family to Michigan and froze to death in Dakota, while out on the Plains. He was a very esteemed and an active citizen in every community where he lived.

Mrs. Kirby Hatch died at the age of 69 years. She came to this county in 1846, and settled in Ballville township, and moved to Nebraska in 1872. She was born in Fall Rivers, Mas».

Mrs. Salome Shirey died March 20, 1885, aged 83 years, 2 months and 27 days. She was born in Cocolico township, in Lancaster county, Pa., and came to this county in 1833.

Mrs. Laura Wilson died at Bluehill, Nebraska, Feb. 18, 1885, aged about 80 years. Mrs. Wilson formerly lived a few rods west of the Four Mile House, where she raised her family and was a consistent Christian and a good member of the Community, doing daily many deeds of kindness.

Mrs. Annar Rice died in Townsend township, May 30, 1885, at the age of 91 years, 9 months and 21 days. She was the widow of the late Daniel Rice.

Moses Boggs was born in Hants county, Nova Scotia, Jan. 18, 1807, and died at his home in Elmore, Ohio, Dec. 21, 1885, aged 77 years, 10 months and three days. He settled on the Portage River in April, 1828, having been preceded by his parents who came in 1824, from Hamilton county, Ohio, He was married April 6, 1834, in this township, Harris, to Miss Mart Hall. He was the father of two children: Mary who became the wife of W. S. Miller, and died in 1878, and George who still resides in this township.

His Golden Wedding was celebrated in April, 1884, by a throng of friends and relatives. Mr. Boggs was identified with every interest of Ottawa county, and was well known and universally respected. He was noted for his kindness and charity for those in distress, which endeared him to the entire community. His life was one of piety and benevolence, and his influence always on the side of right.

Source changes here: from A History of Northwest Ohio: a Narrative Account of Its Historical Progress and Development from the First European Exploration of the Maumee and Sandusky Valleys and the Adjacent Shores of Lake Erie, Down to the Present Time, by Winter, Nevin Otto, published 1917; 770,630 words in this source stream.

History Of Northwest Ohio

Rutherford Birchard Hayes, nineteenth President of the United States, was born at Delaware, Ohio, October 4, 1822. He came of a long line of sturdy, God-fearing New England ancestry, seven of whom served as Revolutionary Soldiers. He was of Scotch descent on his father's side, but the prevailing strain was English; his mother's ancestors coming from England in 1635. George Hayes, from whom he descended in the sixth generation, came from Scotland to Windsor, Connecticut, in 1680. The great-great-grandson of this George Hayes, who was named Rutherford, born at New Haven in 1756, migrated as a young man to Vermont where he served as an Ensign in the Revolution. There he married Chloe Smith, a woman of remarkable I strength of character, ajid reared a large family. He was a Revolutionary Soldier, farmer, blacksmith, and inn-keeper at Brattleboro. Here his son Rutherford the President 's father was born January 4, 1787. He married Sophia Birchard who was of English lineage and became a successful business man at Dummerston, Vt., serving as Captain of a Militia company in the War of 1812. In 1817 the young couple removed to Delaware, Ohio, where he built the first brick dwelling house in which the future President was born. There the husband fell a victim to malarial fever in July, 1822, three months before the birth of the son destined to so gi-eat a career, leaving his wife a valuable farm. Sardis Birchard, her brother, who became a prosperous merchant at Lower Sandusky (Fremont), was her constant counsellor and the guardian of her two children. She lived till 1866.

The future president attended the village school and early began the study of Latin and Greek. Then he spent a short time at Norwalk (Ohio) Academy and a year at Isaac Webb's School at Middletown, Connecticut. In 1838, when barely sixteen, he entered Kenyon College at Gambler, Ohio, where he distinguished himself in his studies and in student activities, graduating in 1842 as valedictorian.

In his diary written in his junior year he expressed a sentiment which was prophetic of his life. He wrote : ' ' The reputation which I desire is not that momentai-y eminence which is gained without merit and lost without regret. Give me the popularity which runs after, not that which is sought for." In all his life he never solicited an office or sought promotion. Honors, distinctions, ofBces came to him unasked for because men recognized his merit.

Almost immediately after graduation young Hayes began to study law in the office of Thomas Sparrow at Columbus. In August, 1843, he entered the Harvard Law School where he en.joyed the tuition and friendship of Judge Story and Professor Greenleaf; while he attended also the lectures of Longfellow and Agassiz in literature and science. He finished his law courses in Jannar_v, 1845. Returning to Ohio he was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice at Fremont, where in the following year he became a partner of Ralph P. Buckland, later a member of Congress. Bronchial trouble forced him to give np active work in 1848, when he spent a winter in Texas and a summer on the Atlantic coast. Then, in the early winter of 1849-50, he established himself at Cincinnati, where he soon made for himself a recognized place in the profession. At the same time he kept up his interest in letters, becoming a member of the Cincinnati Literary Club, in which he mingled with many men of distinction or to become distingiiished, such as Thomas Corwin, Salmon P. Chase, Moneure D. Conway, Stanley Matthews, and others. (This club, indeed, furnished the Union armies more than forty officers, many of them generals. )

James "Webb, then deceased, who had been a well-known physician of Chillicothe. She was a young woman of fine culture, of most winning personality, of gracious manners, and strong character, who throughout all the busy years to come was a constant source of help and inspiration to her husband. Meanwhile Hayes was winning forward in the law; several criminal cases in which he participated drawing public attention to him. In 1856 he declined a nomination to the Court of Common Pleas. In 1858 he was appointed city solicitor to fill a vacancy, and the following year he was elected to the same office, by a majority of over 2,500 votes, and served the public faithfully and satisfactorily. lu April, 1861, he failed' of re-election, the entire ticket of his party being defeated. He at once resumed the practice of the law; but the war drums soon summoned him to sterner work.

Hayes had always been an anti-slavery whig and republican. He .supported Clay in 18-44, Taylor in 1848, Scott in 1852, and in 1856 worked earnestly for Fremont. Clay was his ideal. "I would start in life without a penny," he wrote in early manhood, "if by that Henry Clay could be elected President. ' ' He was an enthusia.stic supporter of'Lincoln, and he was one of the committee to escort Lincoln from Indianapolis to Cincinnati when the Great Commoner was on his way to Washington to be inaugurated. He recorded at the time his faith in Lincoln 's ability to meet the impending crisis. On June 7, 1861, the governor of Ohio commissioned him major of the Twenty-third Ohio Volunteei-s. The regiment was soon ordered to West Virginia, where it rendered effective service throughout the war except during the Antietam campaign, in 1862, and duriiig the operations of General Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley in 1864. October 24, 1861, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. On September 24, 1862. in the Antietam campaign, Hayes showed conspicuous gallantry in leading a charge at the battle of South Mountain. Here he was severely wounded, a minie ball shattering his left arm above the elbow. Before his wound was healed he returned to his regiment as eolonel. In 1863 his command was engaged in Southwestern Virginia in efforts to cut the Confederate line of communication to Tennessee. There was much rugged campaigning and many engagements. In July of this year also Hayes commanded two regiments and a battery of artillery that was sent back to chcc!,- John Morgan in his raid in Southern Ohio.

The year 1864 was full of stirring incident, incessant campaigning, and opportunities for valorous service tor Hayes. In the spring he served under General Crook in the movement against the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, and led a brigade in storming the enemy 's works at the crest of Cloyd Mountain with noteworthy gallantry. Afterwards he participated in the march ujjon Lynchburg and in the operations thei'eabouts and covered the retreat in the perilous passage of the AUeghanies. In July Hayes was ordered to the Shenandoah Valley, where he took part with great credit in many important battles. At the battle of Winchester he performed a feat of extraordinary courage and daring. His brigade had the extreme right of Ci-ook's command. His troops with the cavalry executed the turning manoeuvre which decided the fate of the day. In leading an assault upou a battery on an eminence he found in his way a morass over fifty yards wide. Without a moment's hesitation Colonel Hayes plunged in. His horse was quickly mired, and had to be abandoned, and Hayes waded through alone under the enemy's fire. Waving his cap he signalled to his men to come over. When about forty had joined him he charged the batterj' and took it after a hand to hand fight, the enemy, trusting to the security of the position, having left it without infantry supports. The enemy fled in great disorder and Hayes re-formed his lines and continued in pursuit. At Fisher's Hill Crook with Hayes's brigade in the lead executed brilliantly a flank movement through the mountains and woods to the enemy's left. He led repeated charges until the enemy's works with eveiy piece of artillery had been captured. A month later, October 19th, at Cedar Creek, Hayes displayed such courage and sagacity in cheeking the enemy's advance, and even after he had been severely injured when his horse was shot under hira, in rallying his men and aiding in forming the line, which Sheridan inspired to renewed effort after his famous ride from Winchester, that Crook on the battlefield grasped his hand and said : ' ' Colonel, from this day you will be a brigadier general.'' The commission bearing data of the battle soon reached him ; and on JIareh 13, 1865, he received the rank of brevet major-general, "for gallant and distinguished services during the campaign of 1864 in West Virginia and particularly at the battles of Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek," Virginia. Hayes was wounded six times, had four horses shot under him, and jrarticipated in 100 battles great and small. General Grant in his memoirs says:- "On more than one occasion in these engagements General R. B. Hayes, who succeeded me as President of the United States, bore a very honorable part. His conduct on the field was marked by Conspicuous gallantry, as well as the display of qualities of a higher order than mere personal daring. Having entered the army as a major of volunteers at the beginning of the war, General Hayes attained by his meritorious service the rank of brevet major-general before its close."

In August, 1864, while he was in the tield he was nominated for Congress by the republicans of the Second Ohio District (Cincinnati). To William Henry Smith, who wrote suggesting that he come home and make campaign speeches, he wrote: "Your suggestion about getting a furlough to take the stump was certainly made without reflection. An officer fit for duty who, at this crisis, would abandon his post to electioneer for a seat in Congi-ess ought to be scalped. You may feel perfectly sure I shall do no such thing." The district gave him a decisive majority and two years later re-elected him by an increased vote. In Congress he was a cjuiet, faithful, hardworking member. As chairman of the library committee he carried through measures of much benefit to the Congressional Library. He was an earnest advocate of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution and of the reconstruction measures of liis party. In 1867, in the midst of his second term, the republicans of Ohio nominated him for governor again.st Allen G. Thurman. After an exciting canvass, he was elected by a majority of 2,983. Two years later he was re-elected over George H. Pendleton by a majority of 7,506. In his first campaign for governor he vigorously advocated negro suffrage. In his second campaign he combated the democratic declaration in favor of paying the Government bonds with greenliacks. His messages to the Legislatvire abounded in practical suggestions for reform of the tax laws, the election laws, the prison laws, and many other reforms which bore fruit., Under his administration the soldiers' orphans' home was established, the State University was founded; the Fifteenth Amendment was ratified, and the state debt was reduced. At the expiration of his term, in 1872, he refused to be elected Uiiited States Senator by a combination of republicans and democrats against John Sherman. His friends in the Second District that year insisted that he stand again for Congress; the tide was running against the republicans in Cincinnati and it was thought that Hayes, if any man, could be elected. He reluctantly accepted the nomination and made a vigorous campaign, pleading for an honest financial policy and civil service reform. While he ran much ahead of his ticket he was defeated. Soon after this he declined the position of United States assistant treasurer at Cincinnati to which he had been commissioned bj- President Grant.

In 1S73 General Hayes returned to Fremont and established himself at Spiegel Grove, which was given him by his uncle, Sardis Birchard, whose chief heir he became on 3Ir. Bii-chard's death the following year. It was his fixed determination at that time completely to retire from jDolitics and to sjjeud the remainder of his life in learned leisure. But the people of Ohio would not have it so. In 1875, much against his wishes and after his positive declination, the republican convention again nominated him for governor, against William Allen, then governor, a man of great popularity. The democratic platfor-m declared that the volume of the currency (that is, paper money) should be made and kept equal to the wants of trade; that the national bank currency should be replaced with greenbacks, and that eustoms dues should be payable at least to the extent of one half in greenbacks. The questions involveil atti'acted the attention of the entire country to the Ohio canvass. General Hayes made a most vigorous and unyielding sound iiKHicy rampaign and was elected by a nuiji>rit\ i>f ri..")44. During the canvass it was predicted by many papers (among them the New York Sun) that if Hayes were elected, he would be a formidable candidate for the Presidential nomination in 1876. His brilliant and successful campaign increa.sed such talk and his availability became more and more widely recognized. A letter from John Sherman made public in the early part of 1876 gave impetus to the movement. General Hayes himself refused to take any step toward securing the nomination. To a friend he wrote: "It is not for you or me to enroll ourselves in the great army of office-seekers. Let the currents alone." The Ohio Republican Convention instructed the delegates to the Cincinnati Convention to vote for Hayes. Blaine, Morton, Conkling and Bristow were the leading candidates. General Noyes presented Hayes's name to the convention, dwelling on his high personal character, and his lack of enemies, and contending that his nomination would "compromise all difficulties and soften all antagonisms." On the first ballot Hayes had 61 votes, 378 being necessary to a choice. His strength slowly increased until on the seventh ballot he received 384 votes, when on motion of William P. Frye, of Maine, the nomination was made unanimous. This was on June 16th. On July 8th appeared the letter of acceptance, which was altogether admirable in tone and in matter. Advanced ground was taken in behalf of civil service reform ; the speedy resumption of specie payments was advocated, and stress was laid on the imperative necessity for the pacification of the South. The opposing candidate was Samuel J. Tilden of New York, who had gained a reputation as a reformer in crushing the infamous Tweed ring in New York City, and by demolishing the Canal ring, as governor of New York State. He was moreover a most astute and skilful political organizer. The election was very close and resulted in a bitter coutroversy. It hinged upon the result in South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana, in which states the vote was close and where allegations of corrupt methods were made by both parties against the other. Friends of both candidates went from the North to each of these states to watch the count. Mr. Hayes throughout the crisis preserved a dignified bearing, awaiting elamly the result. On November 27, 1876, I\Ir. Hayes wrote a letter to John Sherman while the latter was at New Orleans, which clearly gives his position. He said : "You feel, I am sure, as I do about the whole business. A fair election would have given us about forty electoral votes in the South - at least that many. But we are not to allow our friends to defeat one outrage and fraud by another. There must be nothing crooked on our part. Let Mr. Tilden have the place by violence, intimidation, and fraud, rather than undertake to prevent it by means that will not bear the closest scrutiny. ' ' In all three states the Hayes electors were declared elected. Thus on the face of the returns Mr. Hayes had 185 votes in the electoral college and Mr. Tilden 184 votes. So bitter was the controversy between the parties in the comitry at large and in Congress, so many doubts and difficulties were raised, that both parties in Congress, the Senate being republican and the House democratic, at la.st united in the creation of an extraordinary court or commission to which all disputed electoral votes were to be referred. The commission consisted of five senators, five representatives, and five judges 'of the Supreme Court, and its decision was to be final unless set aside by the concurrent vote of both houses of Congress. The commission by a vote of 8 to 7 refused to go behind the returns, holding that the certificates of the governors must be accepted. On March 2d the canvassing of the electoral votes was completed and Rutherford B. Hayes was declared duly elected President of the United States.

President Hayes was inaugurated Monday, March .5th, 1877, having on the Saturday evening previously taken the oath of office privately at the "White House, to prevent the possibility of an interregnum. His inaugural address covered much the same points as his letter of acceptance. In it occurred the apothegm oftener quoted than any other one thing said by Mr. Hayes, ' ' He serves his party best who serves his country best." Mr. Hayes named as his cabinet, William M. Evarts, secretary of state ; John Sherman, secretary of the treasury ; George W. McCrary, secretary of war; Richard W. Thompson, secretary of the navy ; David M. Key, postmaster general ; Charles Devens, attorney general ; and Carl Sehurz, seeretaiy of the interior. It is acknowledged to have been one of the ablest cabinets in the lustory of the country. President Hayes at once directed his attention to the southern situation. In the first entry made in his diary after his inauguration occur these words: "My policy is trust, peace, and to put aside the bayonet. I do not think the wise policy is to decide contested elections in the States by the use of the national army." These words afford the key to his southern policy. After securing a.ssurances from leading southerners of peaceful intentions and a purpose to accord constitutional rights to all cla.sses of citizens. President Hayes ordered the Federal troops recalled from South Carolina and Louisiana. This was in April, 1877. The republican administrations in both states immediately fell to the ground and the rival democratic governments were established. Both North and South ilr. Hayes was widely commended for his course. People were tired of Federal interference in the South. The time was come when it was believed that all the southern commonwealths should be left to work out their own salvation in their own way. This policy, to be sure, weakened the republican party in the South and so was criticized by many partisans: but it strensrthened the party among the great masses of the North.

Probably no single act of Mr. Hayes's administratiou was of more immediate or furtlierreacking benefit to the country. There was a gradual subsidence of sectional animosity and the southern question began rapidly to disappear from its position of tirst importance lu the public mind. President Hayes 's persistent conciliatory policy marked the pompletiou of reconstruction so far as the National Government was concerned.

The other great features of the administration can be only briefly mentioned. First. Consistent elfort was made by the President to minimize the evils of the spoils system and to advance the cause of civil service reform, lu all this he was opposed and thwarted largely by the politicians of his own party. And yet he was able to secure the adoption of the mei'it system in the New York Custom House and Postoffice which became valuable object lessons in the furtherance of the great reform. He defied "Senatorial courtesy" in the appointment of Edwin A. Merritt as collector of customs at New York, and then instructed him to conduct his office ' ' on strictly business principles, and according to the rules which were adopted, on the recommendation of the Civil Service Commission by the administration of General Grant. ' ' Then he added : "Neither my recomendation, nor that of the Secretary of the Treasury, nor the recommendation of any member of Congress or other influential person, should be specially regarded. Restrict the area of patronage to the narrowest possible limits."

Second. The financial history of the administration is most noteworthy. Mr. Hayes was most strenuous in upholding the policy of an early resumption of specie payments, the way for which had been prepared by the Resumption Act of 1875. In his first message he declared against ' ' any wavering in purpose or unsteadiness in methods" in this regard. His strength of purpose and conviction had much to do with keeping the country up to the mark of resumption, suffering as it still was from the depression succeeding the panic of 1873. A gold reserve was aecuuuilated and when the date fixed by the law arrived the greenbacks had risen to par with gold. Another feature of the administration 's financial history was the successful refunding of the public debt by which an annual saving in interest of $15,000,000 was secured. Moreover, it is not to be forgotten that Mr. Hayes vetoed the Bland-Allison Bill providing for the coinage of silver dollars of 412^1; grains standard silver, accompanying his veto with a message of great force arguing against the wisdom of issuing full legal tender coins of less intrinsic than nominal value. This bill was passed over his veto, to be siu-e, and so the "silver question" entered upon its long and exasperating career in American politics.

Third. Mr. Hayes maintained the dignity and prerogative of the Executive by refusing to be coerced into signing appropriation bills with obnoxious riders, intended to curtail the power of the President to execute laws disliked by the democratic majority in Congress, but which laws Congress was powerless to repeal over the President's veto. In every contest of the sort the President finally triiunphed.

Fourth. On March 1, 1879, Mr. Hayes, while sympathizing with the opposition to Chinese immigration, had the courage, in the face of a large popular demand, to veto the restriction bill, because it violated treaty obligations. In his last annual message he announced that a new treaty with China had been negotiated under which Chinese immigration could be regulated or suspended. Moreover, in the treatment of the Indians, in furthering the interests of the colored people, in the cause of education, Mr. Hayes urged, and, so far as lay in his power, instituted progressive measures.

The resumption of specie payments was followed by a revival of business, and a genferal increase of prosperity. In November, 1880, the country declared its approval of Mr. Hayes's administration by electing James A. Garfield as his successor by a decisive majority. Charles Francis Adams, who had supported Mr. Tilden in 1876, said of Mr. Hayes's administration: "Taken as a whole, it has been an administration which will bear comparison with the best and purest of all those which preceded it." And James G. Blaine wrote : "It was one of the few and rare cases in our history, in which the President entered upon his office with the country depressed and discontented and left it prosperous and happy; in which he found his party broken, divided, and on the verge of defeat, and left it strong, united, and prosperous. This was the peculiar felicity of GenerKl Hayes's public career."

On the expiration of his term Mr. Hayes retired to Spiegel Grove, his home, at Fremont. To his neighbors he spoke in feeling appreciation of their hearty welcome. In the course of his speech he said : ' ' The question is often heard, 'What is to become of the man - what is he to do - who, having been Chief Magistrate of the Republic retires at the end of his official term to private life?' It seems to me the reply is near at hand and sufiScient : Let him like every other good American citizen, be willing aiid prompt to bear his part in every work that will promote the welfare, and the happiness, of his family, his town, his State, and his country. With this disposition he will have work enough to do, and that sort of work that yields more individual contentment and gratification than belong to the more conspicuous employments of the life from which he has retired."

In the full spirit of these words Mr. Hayes lived the twelve years that remained to him. He took great intei-est in the old soldiers ; he was active in furthering the cause of the Grand Army; he was first president of the Society of tlie Army of West Virginia, and he was for many years commander of the Loyal Legion. He devoted much time, labor, and earnest attention to the cause of education ; he was president of the board of trustees of the John F. Slater Education Fund, one of the trustees of the Peabody Education Fund, a trustee of the Western Reserve University at Cleveland, of the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, and of the Ohio State University at Columbus. He was for many years the president of the National Prison Reform As.sociation, an active member of the National Conference of Corrections and Charities, an earnest participant in the Lake Mohonk Indian conferences; and a member of many other benevolent or educational organizations. From Kenyon College he received the degi'ee of LL. D. in 1868 ; the same degi*ee from Harvard in 1877, from Yale in 1880, and from Johns Hopkins in 1881.

Mr. Hayes was profoundly interested in American history from the earliest period. He collected a library of books relating to American history and biography of many thousand volumes, now preserved by Ohio Archa?ological and Historical Society in a beautiful memorial building, erected by the state at Spiegel Grove. Mr. Hayes never lost his interest in politics in the large sense of the term, but after his retirement from the White House he rigidly abstained from discussing party questions for publication. He was most happ.y in his home life. The death of I\Irs. Hayes in June, 1889, was a crushing blow to him, and he was not reluctant to respond when the final summons come to him on January 17, 1893. He died as he had lived, a noble.

faithful, true-hearted Christian gentleman, who had met every responsibility and performed every duty that life laid upon him, honorably, conscientiously, and to the enduring good of his time and his country.

Col. Webb C. Hayes is the second son of Rutherford B. Hayes and Lucy Webb Hayes, and resides in Spiegel Grove which, reserving the right of occupancy of the residence, he has deeded for a State Park as a Memorial to his parents. In 1909 Colonel Hayes deeded to the State of Ohio for the benefit of the Ohio Archffiological and Historical Society, Spiegel Grove, through which runs for almost half a mile the old French and Indian trail along the Sandusky-Scioto waterway from Lake Erie to the Ohio River, later known as the Harrison Trail of the War of 1812, together with all the personal property connected therewith, including the 15,000 volumes of the Libraiy Americana which had been collected by President Ha.yes, and which was, perhaps, the largest owned by any private citizen- at the time of his death, conditional only on the preservation of it in a suitable fireproof building. The Legislature of Ohio devoted $40,000 toward the building, to which Colonel Hayes had added, including his endowment of $50,000 for the annual purchase of historical books, an amount not less than $100,000' in cash, which with the value of Spiegel Grove, the library, and personal property connected therewith, and adjoining property (the proceeds from the sale of which is to be used in maintaining the park) amount to a total value of not less than a quarter of a million dollars, bequeathed to the state for the benefit of the Ohio Arch:"eological and Historical Society. He has not only achieved a high degree of success as a manufacturer at Cleveland, but has attained distinction as a soldier and a local historian. He has the honor of being the only soldier who served in battle in each of the four campaigns, Cuba, Porto Rico, the Philippines and China. He was wounded and had his horse killed in the assault on San Juan at Santiago and was awarded a Congressional medal of honor for distinguished gallantry at Vigan, P. I.

Colonel Hayes was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 20, 1856, and" for a few months attended school at Chillicothe and Cincinnati, before being sent with his older brother. Birchard, to live with his uncle, Sardis Birchard, at Spiegel Grove in 1866, where he attended the public schools imtil he entered Cornell Uni- versity in the class of 1876. He was personal secretary to his father, while the latter was serving his third term as governor of Ohio, during his campaign for the presidency, and during his administration as President of the United StETtes. In 1881 Colonel Hayes began his business career as tz-easurer of the Whipple Manufacturing Company at Cleveland. Six years later, in association with IMyron T. Herrick, James Parmelee and W. H. Lawrence, he organized the National Carbon Company, a concern of great magnitude, which, operates one of its branches at Fremont. While a small boy, he developed a fondness for the militarj', hunting, and an out-door life, and his patron saint from childhood, until the latter 's death in 1890, was Maj. Gen. George Crook, U. S. A., the foremost hunter and Indian fighter of the United States army, who had caused him, while a child, to be uniformed as the junior second lieutenant of his father's regiment during the last year of the Civil war, and later taught him to hunt the big game of the Rocky Mountains ; grizzlies, elk, and Rocky ^Mountain sheep, in his annual vacations from business during the last thirteen years of the general's life. Colonel Hayes always took an active interest in military affairs, and served as an active or veteran member of the First Cleveland Troop, later Troop A, Ohio National Guard, for seventeen years prior to the war with Spain. He sei*ved with Troop A, as the personal escort of all of the presidents of the United States from Hayes to Taft, and at the funeral obsequies of the three Ohio presidents, Hayes, Garfield, and ]McKinley. He was active in securing the acceptance of a regiment of voluntary cavalry, and the expansion of Troop A into the First Ohio Cavaliy, for the war witli Spain. This regiment had five graduates of the United States Military Academy among its officers, and everv member of Troop A of Ohio became a commissioned or non-commissioned officer of the First Ohio Cavalry, in the war with Spain.

Colonel Hayes was commissioned ma.jor of the First Ohio Cavalry, and mustered into the United States service with his regiment at Columbus, May 9, 1898. He was immediately ordered to report to 'Maj. Gen. W. R. Shafter, and embarked with the Fifth Army Corps at Port Tampa, Florida, on June 6th for Santiago de Cuba. He reported to Brig. Gen. S. B. M. Young, commanding the Second Cavalry Brigade, to which the First Ohio Cavalry had been oidered assigned when eauipped and was attached to the brigade stafl" when the

Transport "Leona" No. 21 sailed before the arrival of his regiment. He served through the campaigns of Santiago de Cuba, and for the invasion of Porto Rico, participating in the first lauding at Daiquiri, Cuba, June 22d, the first engagement at Las Guasimas, June 21rth, the assault on San Juan July 1st, and the siege of Santiago de Cuba, terminating in the surrender of July 17th. He was wounded through the muscles of the back, with contusion of the spine, by a Mauser bullet, which killed his horse, at the crossing of the San Juan River, on the morning of July 1st, but participated in the assault on San Juan Hill later in the day, and sei*ved until July 8tli as acting adjutant general, acting brigade commissary, and acting brigade quartermaster of the Second Cavalry Brigade, vice Captains ilills and Henry, wounded, and Lieutenant Shipp, killed, in the assault, by order of Colonel Leonard Wood, acting brigade commander. On the cessation of hostilities, Jul.y 14th, he was detached from the Second Cavalry Brigade, on his own application, and ordered to rejoin his regiment to accompany it to Porto Rico, and on July 15th boarded the transport "Hudson," with other wounded. Sailed from Guantanamo Bay, on the Lampasas in Major General Miles' Expedition for Porto Rico and participated in the engagement at the First Landing at Guanica, Porto Rico, July 25th : temporarily attached to General Garretson's staff, and served with his brigade in the engagement on the Yauco Road July 26th. While scouting on July 27th he received the surrender of the Town of Yauco, and was lilaced in command of an expedition to Talal)oa, by Gen. Gity V. Henry, commanding Provisional Division, en route to Ponce. Ordered to report to Major General Brooks at Arroyo, August 9th, and attached to his staff, and served in the advance against the Spanish forces on August 13th, which was stopped by the news of the signing of the Peace Protocol. He sailed August 20th from Ponce for New York and rejoined hfs regiment in camp at Huntsville, Alabama. He left Camp Wheeler, Iluntsville, Alabama, in command of the Cleveland Squadron, Troops A, B and C, First Ohio Cavalrv, which was mustered out of service at Cleveland, October 22, 1898.

On the breaking out of the insurrection in the Philippines he was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Thirty-first Unit,',! St:ih^s Volunteer Infantry, recruited in nliin. Imliana, Kentucky and Tennessee and ui'i;auized at Fort Thomas, Kentucky, in Julv, 1899, by

Col. James S. Pettit of Ohio (captain First United States Infantry), who, with the remaining field officers, were graduates of the Military Academy. This regiment was the first to reach San Francisco en route to the Philippines, but on the eve of sailing on the transport "Grant," an epidemic of small pox broke out and the entire regiment was transferred to the Small Pox Detention Camp ou Angel Island, from which, six weeks later, on October 25, 1899, Ligget's Battalion, Companies I, K, L and M, the "small pox battalion," with a detachment of hospital corps men, all under command of Lieutenant Colonel Hayes, sailed on the United States army transport, "Manauense, " for Honolulu and Manila. It later transpired that the "Manauense," a British ship, whose last cargo, curiously enough, had been saltpetre, had been thrice condemned and refused for transport purposes at Seattle, but had been brought to San Francisco freshly painted, but the true condition cf the ship became so apparent before Honolulu was reached, that many of the crew deserted at that point. The trip from Honolulu to Manila was a succession of horrors.

Small pox was again reported by the surgeons from the sick bay, the electric plant broke down, cutting off the lights and the electric fans in the quarters of the men and com pelling them to sleep on the deck during the remainder of the voyage, except during the days of the typhoon, when the hatches were fastened down.

The morphine-eating chief engineer opened a sea valve which could not be completely closed, shipping thirty tons of water, which flooded the fire room, putting out the fires, and causing the boilei-s to leak, clogging the pumps with coal dust, so that all the water had to be bailed out with pails by the soldiers, over 100 of whom were on duty continually for twelve days bailing until the ship reached Manila. The distilling plant collapsed, cutting off the water supply and necessitating the use of salt sea water in preparing coffee. The ice plant failed, causing the loss of all fresh meats and vegetables, which had to be thrown overboard. The coal in the starboard bunker caught fire and had to be removed after the fire was 'drowned out and then after the soldiers had repaired or plugged the leaking boiler tubes, and gotten up steam by feeding coal to the fires by hand, the ship was struck by a typhoon and with no one on deck save the soldiers forming the bailing crew, who were securely lashed, she was driven a derelict without steam before the storm for three days until picked up by her consort and slowly made her way into Manila Bay, arriving November 28, 1899. The regiment was ordered to the Southern Islands and was the first pennauent American garrison on the Islands of Mindanao and Isabella de Basiland, establishing regimental headquarters at Zamboanga early in December, 1899. Pending an investigation of the conduct of the engineers of the "^lanaueuse," Colonel Hayes was ordered to report to his old compiauder. General Young, then on an expedition through Northern Luzon, and sailed on the hospital ship "Relief," and the warships "Wheeling" and "Princeton," arriving off the port of Vigan late in the afternoon of December 4, 1899.

On being landed on the beach he found through a Spanish interpreter that the American garrison of eighty -three men with 150 sick and wounded, had been surrounded by 800 Filipino insurgents, who had them cooped up in the monastery buildings on the Plaza at Vigan. It being too near dark to land the sailors and marines that night. Colonel Hayes seized a Filipino pony and forced its owner by the use of his revolver to accompany him through the Filipinos stationed along the trail, and in the darkness succeeded in reaching the garrison. General Young, with his cavalry, and Captain McCalla, U. S. N., with his sailors and marines, arrived at Vigan December 5th, in time to drive off the insurgents and relieve the garrison. Colonel Hayes was subsequently awarded a Congressional ]\Iedal of Honor for gallantry at Vigan and accompanied General Young in his northern campaign. On being relieved from duty in Northern Luzon he reported at the regimental headquarters at Zamboanga, December 31, 1899, and served with detachments of his regiments at Parang-Parang, Pollok, Cotta-Batti, and Davao, and as senior officer of a joint army, navy and civil government expedition, at a conference with the Sultan of Sulu, the spiritual head of the savage iloro tribes of ilindanao and Jolo.

He returned to America via the Suez Canal on leave of absence just at the outbreak of the Boxer insurrection in China and. resigning, accompanied the American Relief Expedition to Peking, being appointed a volunteer aid on the staff of Maj. Gen. Adna R. Chaffee, commanding. He participated in cavalry raids from Peking, and on the disbandment of the China Relief Expedition, was relieved from duty and returned to America with the remains of Col. E. H. Liscorab, Ninth Infantry.

On the outbreak of the war between Russia and Japan, with whose soldiers he had served in the Relief of Peking, he again visited the Orient and accompanied General Kuroki's Japanese army on its advance to the Yalii; and while eu route to Chefoo from Korea was captured l)y Russian torpedo boats and taken a prisoner into Port Arthur, but released after a short detention and proceeded to Peking and then visited the Russian army near Mukden. On his return he witnessed one of Admiral Togo's bombardments of Port Arthur, the blowing up of Dalny by the Russians, and the landing of the Japanese army which effected tile capture of Port Arthur.

On returning to America lie called attention to tlie unmarked battlefields of American soldiers in Cuba and China and securing Congressional aid, he, as president of the China Battlefield Commission, and secretary of the Santiago Battlefield Commission, has been instrumental in marking these battlefields, this necessitating numerous trips to each of them. He has taken an active interest in the local historical affairs pertaining both to his county and state - and secured the marking of historical sites aud the reburial of ilajor Croghan's remains on Fort Stephenson.

In 1911, on the outbreak of the troubles with Mexico, and the partial mobilization on the border. Colonel Hayes was commissioned colonel and chief signal officer of the Ohio National Guard, by Governor Judson Harmon, and served with the regular cavalry and signal troops in patrolling the Rio Grande.

Colonel Hayes was married September 30, 1912, to Mary Otis, only surviving daughter of the late Anson H. lliller and Nancy Otis IVIiller. life long residents of Fremont. Largely tlirough ^Irs. Hayes's efforts and her contribution of $100,000 in memory of her parents, the Memorial Hospital of Sandusky Countv was made possible.

In 191.S Colonel Hayes was again on the ilexican border, and with his wife visited the City of Mexico during the presidency of General Huerta. and in 1916 spent a short time with General Pershing's expeditionary force in Northern Mexico. On the outbreak of the present European war, in August, 1914. they sailed on the first steamer lc;i\iiu;' \cw York, and as special agent of tln^ Pcp.^irtinent of State at his own expense, visiti'd the American embassies in Paris, London, and Berlin, and the American legations at Brussels and at Thf Hague. Leaving ]\Irs. Hayes at The Hague, he visited Berlin and was sent in a German

.military motor ear with two armed German soldiers through from Aix-le-Chapelle to Brussels and then to Ghent, passing over the battlefields at Liege, Namur, Mons, Brussels, and Louvain, within the month after the outbreak of the war.

Just prior to the declaration of a state of war with Germany, Colonel Hayes tendered his military services to the secretary of war in the following letter :

"In forwarding the enclosed application to have my name entered and recorded on the Army and Navy Medal of Honor Roll, 1 hereby respectfully tender my services in case of war in such military capacity as may be warranted by my qualifications and by my previous military service which terminated with my resignation as Lieut. Colonel of the 31st U. S. Vol. Infantry organized after the war with Spain for service in the Philippine Islands with station among the Moros of Mindanao with regimental headquarters at Zamboanga from 1899 to 1901. I had previously had service in Northern Luzon on the staff of Major General S. B. M. Young and was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for

"My previous military service was as Ma.ior, 1st Ohio Cavalry, in the war with Spain when I served through the campaign of Santiago de Cuba from the first landing until the surrender, in the Second Brigade, Cavalry Division, 5th Army Corps. I was wounded and had my horse killed in the assault on San Juan on the morning of July 1st, but served as acting . Adjutant General, acting Brigade Commissary and acting Quartermaster of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade from July 1st to July 8th, vice Captains A. L. Mills (later Major General) and M. J. Henri', wounded, and Lieut. W. E. Shipp killed in the assault.

"I accompanied Major General Miles' expedition to Porto Rico and served in Brig. Genei-al Henry's provisional brigade in the skirmish at the landing and later was attached

my service in the Philippines as Lieut. Colonel 31st U. S. Vol. Infantry, I served in the China Relief Expedition of 1900 for the relief of Peking on the staff of Major General A. R. Chaffee, commanding the U. S. forces.

"I was the only officer of the Army who served in battle under fire in the four campaigns of Cuba, Porto Rico, the Philippines and China, was wounded in Cuba and awarded a Medal of Honor for service in the Philippines.

"On the outbreak of the Russian-Japanese War I was appointed a dispatch bearer, at my own expense, to the American Legations at Seoul, Korea, and Peking, China, and as an unofficial observer accompanied General Koroki's Japanese Army on the advance through Korea to the Talu River and after the battle of the Yalu, while crossing the Gulf of Pechilli was captured by Russian Torpedo Boat Destroyers and confined for a brief period in Port Arthur, after which I visited the Russian Armies as far north as ^lukden.

"In 1911 I was appointed by Governor Jud- S021 Harmon of Ohio, Colonel and Chief Signal Officer of tlie Ohio National Guard and served as such on the Mexican border during the partial mobilization of that year doing patrol duty with the Signal Corps, U. S. Army, then under command of Major Squires the Chief Signal Officer, now Brigadier General and Chief Signal Officer, IT. s'l Army.

"On the outbreak of the present European War I was appointed a special agent of the Department of State at my own expense and sailed on the first steamer leaving New York, reporting at the American Embassies at Paris, London, and Berlin and at the American Legations at The Hague and Brussels.

"After the repulse of the German column under von Kluck before Paris, September 4, 1914, I proceeded via Antwerp to Berlin and was provided with a German military motor and anned guard and motored back from Aixles-Chapelles through Liege, Namur, and Mons to Brussels, and subsequently by another military motor car'visjted Lovivain and Ghent before returning to America late in the autumn of 1914.

Colonel Hayes is a trustee of The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society and of the Western Reserve Historical Society of Cleveland. He is a member of numerous patriotic .societies by inheritance and is an active member by reason of his own military service of the campaign societies known as the Society of the Army of Santiago de Cuba, The Society of the Army for the Invasion of Porto "Rico, The :\Iilitary Order of the Caraboa, The Military Order of iloro Wars, The Military Order of the Dragon, and The ]\Iedal of Honor Legion. He is a member of the Union Club of Cleveland and of the Army and Navy clubs of Washington, of New Yorli and of Manila.

Anson H. ]\1iller, late president of the First National Bank of Fremont, Ohio, was connected with the banking interests of Fremont for more than a half century. He was one of the organizers of the First National when the institution was founded in 1863, serving as cashier and later became vice president and president, occupying the last named office at the time of his death, which occurred ilarch 30, 1905. Mr. Miller was born May 2, 1824, at Hinsdale, New Hampshire, and was the second son of John and Hanna (Bassett) Miller.

In the year following his birth his parents moved to Xorwalk, Ohio, and in 1839 settled in New London To\raship, in Huron County. Anson H. was educated in the Norwalk Seminary and at Milan Academy, after which he eagerl3' turned his attention to business. In 1847 he was employed by a lumber firm at New Orleans, bi;t after about one year's experience, he returned to New London Township, where he engaged in farming until 1852. He became bookkeeper for Dr. William F. Kittridge, who was then treasurer of the Toledo, Norwalk & Cleveland Railroad. In 1854 he became cashier for the firm of Birchard and Otis, bankei-s, at Fremont, and became a resident of that city on August 2, 1854, and remained identified with its many interests throughout the remainder of his life. His brother-in-law. Judge Otis, removed to Chicago in 1856, and at that time I\Ir. Miller became a partner, the firm name becoming Birchard. ^Miller & Company.

As a patriotic move during the general financial stringency in the third year of the war for the Union, the private bank of Birchai'd. Miller & Company become the First National Bank of Fremont, with the following first officers: Sardis Birchard, president; James W. Wilson, vice president; and Anson H. Miller, cashier. The bank started out with a paid-up capital of $100,000, and an authorized capital of $200,000. This bank was the fifth national bank organized in the United States, and through all these succeeding years it has held its supremacy, owing in large measure, its unquestioned solvency and its successful business career to the high personal character of its officers and their cai'eful, conservative methods. The fine quarters of the bank, the solid, substantial building on the corner of Front and Croghan streets, its exterior appearance being typical of the solidity of the bank itself, offer quite a contrast to the small one-storj' building where Mr. ililler first served as one of its officials fifty years ago.

:\Ir. ililler was married in March, 1854, to Miss Nancj' J. Otis, a daughter of Joseph and Nancy B. Otis. They had three daughters: Mary 0., Fannie B., and Julia E., the former alone surviving, now the wife of Col. Webb C. Hayes.

John M. Sherman has been a prominent factor in Fremont 's banking affairs for over a quarter of a century and is vice president and general manager of the First National Bank of Fremont. He is also treasurer of the Fremont Home Telephone Company.

Mr. Sherman is an Ohio man by birth and training, comes from that splendid stock that peopled the old Westei-n Reserve, and further back his ancestors were prominent in Connecticut. Not long ago Mr. Sherman visited the scenes of his ancestors in Connecticut and became acquainted with the substantial homes which they built there in the seventeenth century and which have defied time and stress of circumstances and still typify the sturdy qualities which dominated those New England home makers.

The Sherman family from which he is descended came out of England in 1643 and settled in Connecticut. The fir.st of the name was Capt. John Sherman, and his four or five sons became heads of various branches of the family that have been prominent from early colonial times down to the present. Few other American families can rival the Shermans in the contribution of distinguished men, statesmen, soldiers, governors, public officials, judges and lawyers, physicians and surgeons, university professors and authors, besides a great many successful manufacturers, merchants and farmers. Member.ship of this old family can now be found in practically every state of the Union. As a whole they have proved worthy of their ancestiy and have been good citizens, faithful to clnirch and state, and with those qualities of ambition and character which mean most in any community.

The grandfather of the Fremont banker was Justin Sherman, who came to Ohio in 1822. He was born in Connecticut in 178.5, and died in Huron County, Ohio, August 10, 1865. On coming to Huron County he found himself in a complete wilderness and undertook many of the pioneer enterprises of that section. He built the first frame house in Huron County in 1823. That house was the birthplace of his son John G. and his grandson John M. Sherman. So far as possible he made the house after the pattern of New England homes, with all their substantial comforts, and he transplanted everything he could from the old New England to the new country of Northern Ohio, and in that environment he lived happily all his days. He was a farmer, a merchant miller, was the first postmaster of his town, had the first store there, and his home contained the first musical instrument. His was the first mill, and through these various undertakings he became a man of great usefulness and influence. Justin Sherman married Senea, daughter of John Sherman, a distant relative from Roxbury, Connecticut. They became the parents of ten children, the oldest and the youngest of whom died but when a few hours old.

The first white child in Wakeman Township of Huron County was bom on the Justin Sherman farm. John G. Sherman, father of the Fremont banker, was born at the old homestead in Huron County in 1830. He married for his first wife Julia Beecher, daughter of Cyrenus Beecher, of Erie County, Ohio. She died October 7, 1857, at the age of twenty-four, leaving one daughter, Florence. John G. Sherman married for his second wife Elizabeth Miller, daughter of John Miller, of New London, Huron County. They were married November 16, 1858. John Miller, her father, was bom in Massachusetts, and came to Ohio as an early settler in Huron Count}'. He served as .sheriff of the county, and had an extensive farm under cultivation, owning a tract of land a mile square. John G. Sherman continued to live on the old farm in Huron County until his death in 1893. His widow passed away in 1907.

bom July 29, 1860. He was educated in the country and village schools and also in the preparatory department of Oberlin College, where he remained until 1880. On January 1, 1881, he entered the First National Bank of New London, Ohio, as collector and janitor. He had a vision then of becoming a banker and his success in the line is due to the fact that he has thoroughly concentrated his time and efforts upon every duty and detail of the banking business. He was promoted from his humble first position to bookkeeper, and in 1884 was made cashier. He remained with that bank seven years and resigned to come to Fremont and take the position of general bookkeeper with the First National Bank. He has been continuously identified with this bank since 1891, and in 1892 he was made assistant cashier, was promoted to cashier in 1903, and in 1910 became vice president and general manager. He has been a director in the bank for over a qiiarter of a century.

Mr. Sherman has also acquired many other interests in Fremont. He is treasurer of the Price Lumber and Manufacturing Company ; a director of the Simple Account Sales Book Company ; a director of the Fremont Savings Bank ; owns oil lands and valuable real estate, especially in Fremont, including the Sherman Block at the corner of State and Front streets and his beautiful home at 613 Birehard Avenue. He is a republican in politics, is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite IMason, also a Knight Templar Mason and Shriner and a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Mr. Sherman was married in 1886 to Miss Jennie Middleworth. She was born in New London, Ohio, daughter of John Middleworth, a merchant of that town. Mr. and Mrs. Sherman have two children. Helen Louise is the wife of Raymond Erwin, now chemist for the National Carbon Company at Fremont. They have a son, Robert Douglas. John Homer, the only son of Mr. Sherman, is assistant cashier of the First National Bank. He married Miss Mary Williams, formally of Minneapolis, Minnesota, and they have three children, named Richard Benedict, John Miller, Jr., and Phillip.

Fred Haughton. This is a name that bespeaks a large relationship with some of the early families of Lucas County. Mr. Fred Haughton is a native of Washington Township and has spent his active career as a farmer and occupies one of the attractive homesteads

His parents were Ferdinand and Alice (Glann) Haughton. His mother was a daughter of Henrj' Glann, who settled in Adams Township as early as 1833, and died there in 1899. Ferdinand Haughton was born May 7, 1848, a son of John Haughton, who came from New York State in 1854. After spending a short time in Lucas County, he moved on to Fulton County, settling about five miles southwest of Matamora. That was his home for nine years, and on selling his farm there he returned to Lucas County and bought land on Central Avenue in W^ashington Township. That thoroughfare was then known as Haughton Street, five of his brothers having settled there in the early days and impressed their character upon the community. The Haughtons secured their land direct from the Government. John Haughton died there in 1871.

Ferdinand Haughton lived at home until he was twenty, and then started out as a renter in Washington Township. His active career has been spent as a farmer, and in 1873 he moved to the place now conducted by his son Fred, and since 1899 has lived retired. He spends a part of each year in California, where his wife and a number of his children are living. The children are : Mrs. Myrta Boschard ; Fred ; Harry, who lives in the State of Oregon; Ilah, of California; Nathaniel, in California; lone Gardner, who lives in California.

Fred Haughton spent his early life on a farm, acquired his education in the local schools, and since his marriage has been conducting the old home place for his father. He is a man of a great deal of progressiveness and enterprise, and is managing his land according to the best standards of Northwest Ohio agriculture.

He married Miss Anna Kellogg, daughter of Joseph G. and Sarah Kellogg. Joseph G. Kellogg was born in Lucas County, his father having come from Connecticut to Northwest Ohio in IffM. Sarah Kellogg's father was Helon Norton and her mother was Nancy (Richardson) Norton, the Nortons also having been among the early settlers of Lucas County. Jlr. and I\frs. Fred Haughton and wife have three children, Helen, Alice and Fred A., Jr.

Frederick B. Shoemaker. It was in keeping with the character of the man that the late Frederick B. Shoemaker should have made careful provision during his lifetime that those broad and beneficent influences which he exerted in behalf of all that was best in the institutional affairs of Toledo should be continued through his generous bequests after his death. Many Americans have shown a remarkable genius for the accumulation of wealth and the building up of vast and profitable industries. It is a rarer quality when this wealth has been wisely used and distributed. In the best sense of the term Frederick B. Shoemaker was a philanthropist, a lover of mankind, but his philanthropy was performed unostentatiously, and it is especially noteworthy that his gifts to the public made through his will do not provide for the perpetuation of his name in a distinctive institution, but that they are distributed through well recognized channels of institutions already in existence. Thus it is that the Toledo Hospital, the Old Ladies Home and the Toledo Museum of Art become the recipients of his benefactions and each of these institutions is permanently enriched and their possibilities of service vastly broadened not only as a result of the several funds bequeathed them by his will, but also by the disinterested service rendered while living.

During his long and active career in Toledo, where he died September 25, 1916, Frederick B. Shoemaker was a banker, manufacturer, grain merchant, and his name became significant of all that is best in the commercial and civic life of the city.

He is of an old and prominent family. On both sides his ancestors were colonial settlers in New York State. The first of the name was Rudolph Shoemaker, who emigrated to America in 1710 and settled in the Mohawk Valley. His great-great-grandfather, John Jacob Shoemaker, was major of the Fourth Battalion of the Tryon County New York State Troops in 1775, at the beginning of the Revolution. His grandfather, Robert Shoemaker, was an officer of New York Troops on the line of the Canadian frontier in the War of 1812. Other members of the family have contributed to the military record, and F. B. Shoemaker himself was lieutenant of Company C in the One Hundred and Thirtieth Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the Civil war, seeing much active service in Virginia.

His father was the late Matthew Shoemaker, whose name is so closely and intimately connected with Toledo's financial history. Matthew Shoemaker, who was bom in Herkimer County, New York, November 16, 1813, settled in Toledo in 1859. He at once interested himself in the commerce of the growing city, and from 1862 until 1868 was engaged in the

In a peculiar sense the Northern National Bank of Toledo is almost a monument to the financial integrity of Matthew Shoemaker. This bank which was established in 1865 was largely organized by Matthew Shoemaker, who became a member of the first board of directors, and served as its president until 1872. In that year he resigned on account of ill health, but continued as vice president and gave much of his time and attention to the bank for ten years. At the time of his death in Augiist, 1895, he was still a stockholder and director. It is noteworthy that Frederick B. Shoemaker was a director in that old and substantial institution for half a century. For over thirty years Matthew Shoemaker was largely interested in various banks in Toledo, and for fifteen years was president of the Merchants and Clerks Savings Bank. He was at one time a stockholder and director in the Union Savings Bank.

His great public spirit led him to support numerous local enterprises. For many years he was a member of the Toledo Board of Education. He was an ardent sportsman and with a few friends organized the Middle Bass Island Club of which for eighteen years he was president. His was an honorable and important place in Toledo's history, and it was with a fine sense of appropriateness that his son Frederick, in providing for a large endowment to the Toledo Hospital, gave it in memory of his father and to be known as "The Matthew Shoemaker Fund."

Frederick B. Shoemaker, who was born in Jackson, Michigan, in September, 1845, the oldest son of Matthew and Catherine B. Shoemaker, was fourteen years of age when the family removed from Dayton to Toledo in 1859. As a boy he attended the Dayton and Toledo high schools, and also the preparatory school of Heidelberg College at Tiffin. At the age of seventeen in 1862 he had his first business experience in the foundry and machine business. He continued that employment until 1866, excepting for the period spent in the war.

Mr. Shoemaker was a director in the Northern National Bank of Toledo from 1867 until his death, and from 1871 to 1881 was cashier of the bank, and also served as one of its vice presidents. In 1881, resigning his executive place in the bank, he entered the grain business, and was one of the foremost grain merchants of the city until 1890. In 1888 he was elected president of the Toledo Produce Exchange, and held membership in that organization until his death. At one time he was president of the Turnbull Wagon Company, a large and successful manufacturing plant at Defiance, Ohio. He was also a director in the Union Savings Bank, The Commercial Banking Company of Bowling Green, The Produce Exchange Safe Deposit Company, and in other Toledo corporations.

There is probably no suburban home around Toledo better known for the beauty of its situation and the splendid hospitality which prevailed there for so many years than "Rock Ledge" where Frederick Shoemaker spent nearly all his years after coming to Toledo, as a boy. Rock Ledge is in reality a farm, and on it the late Mr. Shoemaker was able to exercise and indulge his great fondness for outdoor life. Rock Ledge is beautifully situated on the east bank of the JIaumee River in Wood County. It .stands on an eminence above the river and commands one of the finest views to be had anywhere along that stream. It afforded an unending source of pleasure and wholesome recreation to Mr. Shoemaker. In his younger days he was an ardent sportsman with gun and rod, and to the end of his life kept his membership in the Erie Shooting Club, the Castalia Trout Stream Company and the Middle Bass Club. He was also a member of the Toledo Club and the Country Club, and for nearly fifty years was affiliated with Rubicon Lodge No. 237, Free and Accepted ]\Iasons at Toledo. His membership in patriotic societies included Toledo Post, Grand Army of the Republic, the Society of Colonial Wars and the Sons of the American Revolution. Politically he was a republican.

In 1875 Mr. Shoemaker married iliss Kate Laura, daughter of the late Miles D. Carrington. Mr. and Mrs. Shoemaker spent the winters for several years in Pasadena, California, and while there in February, 1916, Mrs. Shoemaker passed away suddenly. Her death was a great shock to their many Toledo friends. It was only a few months later in the same year that Mr. Shoemaker was called to join her. Mrs. Shoemaker's father was a prominent grain merchant and one of the early members of the Toledo Board of Trade. The Carrington family have long been well known in Toledo. Mrs. Shoemaker was survived by her brother, William Carrington, and by two sisters, all of whom reside in New York City.

of property along the west side of Summit Street including a five-story business building, was devised to a local trust company and the income directed to be paid to The Toledo Hospital, under the name of "The Matthew Shoemaker Fund. ' ' Another property, on the west side of Superior Street, and containing a business block, was set aside and provision made for its income to be divided equally between the Old Ladies Home and The Toledo Museum of Art. The portion set aside for the Old Ladies Home is known as the Catherine B. Shoemaker Fund, in honor of Mr. Shoemaker's mother, and that portion going to the Museum of Art is known as the Frederick B. Shoemaker and Kate L. Shoemaker Fund.

Typical of the general esteem in which Mr. Shoemaker was held in Toledo was the special expression shown in the words of resolutions drawn up by the trustees of the Toledo Museum of Art. The words of this resolution may be appropriately taken to conclude this article :

"For the first time since its organization eighteen years ago this board is called upon to sadly record the passing of one of its members, and that one Frederick B. Shoemaker, who by reason of his sympathetic interest, helpful understanding and his unostentatious generosity, is one of the associates we are least able to relinquish.

"Mr. Shoemaker and the estimable and beloved wife whose death preceded his but a few short months, took a deep interest in the Toledo Museum of Art from the time of its inception until the very last days of their lives. Mrs. Shoemaker was a charter member and Mr. Shoemaker was one of the first trustees, and both were sustaining members. They gave largely to the fund for the erection of the building, were generous annual contributors, enriched the permanent collection with many gifts of art objects, and gave freely of their means for the furtherance of many of the Museum's educational activities. Mr. Shoemaker took a rare pleasure in the growth, success and increasing usefulness of the institution he and his had for so many years befriended ; and his beneficences by virtue of his bequests to be known as the 'Frederick B. Shoemaker and Kate L. Shoemaker Fund,' will go on for all time as a memorial to two greatly revered and miich beloved friends, associates and citizens.

Museum of Art a fund for the perpetual education of the people. It was a most befitting act with which to close a loug and honorable career and we are grateful to him on behalf of the institution his \'ision helped to rear. ' '

Michael Smith. To be really successful in life is to do something that most people consider impossible. There are many who follow the regular routine of activities and enjoy prosperity but the rewards of true success are to those who undertake something more than ordinarily difficult, and carry it out without regard to the cost of personal hardships and sacrifice.

A number of years ago the locality now known as Smith's Siding in the northwestern part of Sylvania Township in Lucas County was what was called the heart of the cottonwood swamps. It was extremely low and wet land. In fact, so wet was it that a person could not cross except by jumping from one log to another. There in the midst of that uninviting spot Michael Smith secured 160 acres of land. On every hand he received the most discouraging advice. Many told him that it was a useless investment, since he would never be able to make it productive of anything beyond swamp hay or at most miglat use it as a frog farm. About half an acre had been cleared on the north side, but otherwise it was in the same condition it had existed for centuries. Mr. Smith, while living on a rented farm, started the work of clearing, and after getting enough land ready for cultivation he moved to that farm, which is now one of the most fertile and productive spots in Lucas County. All the 160 acres are now cleared and more than fourteen miles of undergroiind drains have been laid, so that every acre is tillable. In quality of soil there is not a farm in the county that can surpass it. "Sir. Smith has also introduced splendid improvements in the way of buildings and otherwise.

When the Toledo and Western Electric line was built, a siding and station known as Smith's Siding was placed at the crossroads at the corner of his farm, and since 1904 he has conducted a general store there.

^Michael Smith was born north of Tiffin, Ohio, August 11, 1857, a son of ]\Iathias and Mary Elizabeth (Fisher') Smith. His parents were born and reared and were married in the Rhine Province of Germany. They had three children when they left Gennany and came to America, locating at Tiffin, Ohio. In 1876 they settled in Spencer Township of

Lucas County, where their last years were passed. The father died in 1888 and the mother in 1894, she having spent her last years with her son Michael.

Until he was twenty-three Michael Smith remained at home and gave his father the benefit of his labors. He then started out for himself, and worked for wages until he was twenty-five. In those two years by thrift and careful economy he saved a capital of about $200. His next step was to get mai-ried, and he then rented a place in Sylvania Township. He lived on his rented farm until 1895, by which time his present place of 160 acres had been brought in a fair way of cultivation and since then he has enjoyed the comforts and profits of the fai-m which he redeemed from the swamp.

Besides his operations as a farmer and merchant he also conducts a thre-shing outfit, his son Edward being a partner in that branch of the business. His success has naturally given him a place of confidence among his fellow citizens, and he is now serving as township trustee. He favors democratic principles in politics and is a member of the Catholic Church.

On February 14, 1882, Mr. Smith married Catherine Rabb, who was born and reared in Spencer Township. A brief record of their fine family of children, all of whom have grown up on and several were born on the farm at Smith's Siding, is as follows: ilary, wife of William Keller, a farmer of Sylvania Township, and they have two sons ; Catherine married Jacob Simons, who is a farmer at Maystone in Essex County, Ontario, across from Detroit, and has three girls ; Maggie married Loyd Dewey, a farmer west of Metamora in Fulton County, Ohio ; Joseph lives at home ; Edward is associated with his father and by his marriage to Miss Bird has one daughter; the younger children, all at home, are named Frank, Susan, Hilda, Carrie and Lucile.

C. August Kleis. For many years a resident of Point Place in Washington Township of Lucas County, August Kleis has been closely indentified with farming and with real estate development in that section. He and his father before him had been active factors in the development of that locality as a town and summer resort district, and deserve much credit for their accomplishments there.

Mr. Kleis was born in Toledo, a son of the late August Kleis. His father was bom in Baden Baden, Germany, and came to the United States in 1853. A cabinet maker by trade, he worked in that line for a number of years at Toledo, and was long employed as foreman in a furniture factory there. In 1882 he removed to Point Place, where he bought fourteen acres of ground. For three years he continued working at his trade in Toledo, but then gave up that business to devote all his attention to farming. He continued his active career there until his death in 1900 at the age of fifty-four. August Kleis Sr. had paid $2,000 for his land at Point Place, and many said that he would never get it paid for. Since then a single building lot was sold for almost as much as the purchase price. His wife died in 1916.

The oldest of their children, C. August Kleis, Jr., received liis education in the Toledo schools and practically grew up on his father's farm near Point Place. He farmed for some years, but is now chiefly concerned in dealing in real estate and in subdividing and building operations.

He married Miss Minnie Winters, of Toledo. They have no children. Mr. Kleis' brothers and sisters are: Millie, Bertha, Carrie, Fred and Edward.

In politics Mr. Kleis is an active republican and has filled several of the minor township offices. He is a member of the First Reformed Church, is identified with Toledo Lodge, Free and Accepted jMasons and with the Foresters, and is a member of a German Beneficial Society.

Robert McCasket. Of the names that have been longest and most influentially identified with Toledo's commercial affairs, that of the late Robert McCaskey stands out prominently. He was a constructive business man, one who built up and left the impress of his individuality and activities as a permanent asset to the city.

He was born in Delta, Fulton County, Ohio, in December, 1837, and represented one of the pioneer names of that section of the state. His father, Matthew McCaskey, was the third man to settle with his family in the county, and for years was one of the leading figures in its life and affairs. During the decades of the '40s and '50s schools were very poor and inefficient in Fulton County, and Robert Mc- Caskey consequently had limited advantages in that way. However the knowledge he acquired in the schools of experience and hardship marked him as a leader throughout his mature life. His business career in Toledo

Robert McCaskey did his greatest work as a real estate man. His office became known throughout the state as the most progressive and enterprising of its kind. Up to 1891 he was in business under his own name, but from that date was associated with his son Fred under the name Robert McCaskey & Son. Mr. McCaskey early turned his attention to oil operations and was as successful in that department as he was in real estate. It was through his influence and enterprise that many of the manufacturing industries that now contribute to Toledo's wealth were induced to locate in the city.

He was not less of a citizen because he was a striking figure in commercial affairs. He served as a member of the Board of Directors and as an appraiser in the Co-operative Building and Loan Company, was a stockholder in the Norwood Land Company and a member of the Fitch Syndicate, besides holding interests in several local building and loan companies. He owned a large amount of land both in Southern Michigan and Indiana. Upright and honorable in all his dealings, conservative yet confident, he was always a steadying influence in Toledo realty circles, and enjoyed the friendship and esteem of a large circle of friends. However, outside of biisiness and home he formed few social associations, though at one time he was a member of the Masonic Lodge at Napoleon.

In 1864 he married Miss Esther Murphy, of Napoleon, where they were married. "They became the parents of two children : Fred E., referred to on other pages; and Mrs. T. B. Allen of Toledo.

The sudden death of Robert McCaskey was regarded. as a calamity in Toledo for he was taken away when still enjoying the promise of further extended usefulness, April 29, 1898.

Fred Eugene McCaskey. Though death came early and prematurely to Fred Eugene McCaskey, he had in the space of less than thirty-five years attained a position of prominence both as a business man and citizen of Toledo. He was a son of the late Robert E. and Esther (Murphy) McCaskey, reference to whom is made on other pages of this publication.

Born in Napoleon, Henry County, Ohio, September 16, 1871, Fred Eugene McCaskey grew to manhood amid the surroundings of an ideal home. The public schools of Napoleon gave him their instruction until he was fourteen, at which time the family removed to Toledo, and he continued his education there until graduating from the Central High School with the class of 1891. A few days after his graduation he w-as in his father's real estate office helping to carry on the business. After six months as a clerk, during which time he had familiarized himself with the various details, he was admitted as a partner, and the firm name changed to Robert Mc- Caskey & Son. A few years sufficed to give young McCaskey a position of prominence in Toledo, and there was no man more highly esteemed on account of his integrity, ability and honesty. For a number of years all his best energies were devoted to managing the numerous real estate, insurance and loan branches of the firm, and he himself was a factor in originating and establishing new lines of enterprise for the company. He also served as manager in Toledo for the Waterville Cement Post and Stone Company.

Politically a republican, he exercised a fine independence in local matters and voted for the man he thought best fitted for office. His death, like that of his father, came suddenly and was a great shock to his family and many friends. While canoeing on the river near Walbridge Park on the evening of September 28, 1904. he was suddenly thrown into the water and before assistance could be summoned was drowned.

His home life was ideal, and he exemplified the best virtues of a husband and father. His time was divided between his business and his home, and he spent little on lodges, clubs and social orders. On February 15. 1893. he married Miss Marietta Allen, member of a prominent Toledo family who are referred to on other pages under the name T. B. Allen, Mrs. McCaskey 's brother. Mrs. McCaskey is a promiment member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, her ancestors having played a valiant part in that struggle for independence. Two children were born to Mr. McCaskey and wife, Robert Allen and Ruth Allen McCaskey, both of whom were liberally educated in the public and private schools of Toledo and the daughter is now pursuing advanced studies in Mt. Vernon Seminary, Washington, D. C. The son, Robert Allen, is pursuing a business career.

Mr. Fowler was born on a farm in Riga Township, Lenawee County, Michigan, on August 1, 1885. He attended the common schools of Riga Township Until the family moved to Lucas County, Ohio, when Mr. Fowler was ten years of age. He then attended the schools of Springfield Township, Lucas County, Ohio, graduating in the high school of that township in 1903. After teaching school for a short time he entered the Toledo High School where he was graduated in 1906. He matriculated in The University of Michigan in 1906 where he pursiied an Arts Course for a period of two years. Then he temporarily dropped his university course to engage in general contracting and building which he followed for a period of three years and then resumed his studies at Ann Arbor in the law department from which he received his LL. B. in 1914.

In the fall of 1914 he took up the practice of law in the Messinger Building at the corner of Summit and Cherry streets. He practiced there for about a year under a partnership arrangement with Clair B. Hughes, under the firm name of Fowler & Hughes, the latter being a classmate. This partnership having been later dissolved, Mr. Fowler has since practiced with offices in the Spitzer Building.

John A. Fowler, father of John W. Fowler, is a native of Western Pennsylvania, having been born in Clarion County July 1. 1847. As a young man he engaged in the oil business, the oil boom being on in Pennsylvania at that time. He later went West where he married Emma Cable of Lucas County, Ohio, and since that time has followed general contracting and farming. To IMr. Fowler and wife were born six children. Rose Ella, deceased: Samuel. William. Otto, John W. and Lulu Fowler Krepleever.

John W. Fowler is an active member of The Lucas County Bar Association. The Toledo Commerce Club, The Northern Light No. 40, Free and Accepted Masons, of Maumee, Ohio. The Waterville No. 566, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and The Hermitage of the University of Michigan.

Histoky Of Northwest Ohio

Piatt Hickox and Emelyn Colton Hickox, both being descendants of old New England families, the Coltons having settled in Long Meadow, Massachusetts, near Springfield.

Edwin L. Borton has for the greater part of his life been identified with one of the interesting rural sections of Lucas County, Point Place in Washington Township. In recent years he has had much to do with the subdivision and development of that as a suburban property contiguous to the Toledo metropolitan "district. He was formerly active as a farmer, and altogether has many interesting associations with this section of Northwest Ohio.

He was born near Riverside in Burlington County, New Jersey, August 18, 1855, a son of Bethuel and Caroline (Stockton) Borton. His ancestry on both sides goes back to early colonial days. His mother Caroline Stockton was connected with the same family to which Commodore Stockton, one of the gallant commanders of the United States navy in the earl.y years of the last century, belonged. In the paternal line one of Mr. Borton 's ancestors was a colonel in Washington's army in the Revolutionaiy war.

The first of the Borton family to come to Ohio were five brothers, John, Job, Nathaniel, Samuel and Benjamin, who arrived in 1836. These five brothers were uncles of Bethuel Borton. These brothers and their mother drove all the way from Philadelphia with wagons and teams, and settled in Fulton and Williams counties. John was one of the pioneer refiners of peppermint oil. On one trip he took a load of this oil to Philadelphia in a wagon, and on arriving there was paid $5.00 a pound for his product.

Bethuel Borton brought his family west in 1856, arriving in Toledo on the 16th of February in that year. He soon located at Point Place in Washington Township. That was then a wilderness section of Lucas County, and woods and swamps made up a landscape very different from its present appearance. Bethuel acquired several tracts of land there, seventy-one acres in all, and began its clearing and cultivation. His market was Toledo. In going to that town it was necessary to drive along the Bay shore as far as Mud Creek, and thence follow that stream up to the crossing into Toledo. Mr. Edwin L. Borton remembers several of those trips when a boy. On the homeward journey he would usually get out and pilot the wagon and team by the aid of a lantern. It was necessary to do this in order that his father might see the way to drive between the trees which hemmed in the road on both sides. Bethuel Borton and wife had the following children: Henry, who died in infancy; Louise, who died at the age of eighteen ; Edwin L. ; Marj' Ellen, Mrs. Jacob Carr of White Fish, Montana; Sallie, Mrs. James Barrow of Toledo; Frank, a resident of Bay City, Jlichigan, and Ollie, who died in infancy. The father of this family died in 1912 when about eighty-two years of age, and the mother passed away in 190-1. Bethuel Borton was a man of considerable influence and prominence in the early affairs of his section of Lucas County. A man of excellent judgment and of absolute integrity he was frequently called upon to adjudicate disputes between his neighbors, and his decision was always final.

Mr. Edwin L. Borton grew up in Lucas County and received his early education in its country schools, married Catherine Ely, daughter of John Ely, of Fulton County, where she was reared. The Ely family were early settlers in Fulton County, having located there in 1836 from Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Borton have the following children : I\Iaggie, who married Howard Canby, an emploj'e of the Traction Companj' at Lorain, has two children named Edwin and Robert; Edwin C, who lives at Point Place, married Mabel Brumley and has a son named Edwin Eugene.

While Mr. Borton 's father was an active member of the Masonic Lodge the son has never taken up any secret fraternal affiliations. He follows his father's example in politics, being a republican. The family were reared in the Friends Church and Mr. Borton favors that faith still, while his wife is a Methodist.

After his marriage Mr. Borton started out for himself as a renter on farms near Point Place. He rented several different places, and lived on the Faj^ette place for thirteen years. In 1895 he removed to his present location, a part of his father's first purchase. There he owned and operated twenty acres, but in 1916 he had this land subdivided and it is now being sold as lots of a very popular subdivision. For years ]\Ir. Borton carried on a successful business there as a farmer and gardener. As

William Clifton Carr. A banker by profession and by experience, William Clifton Carr is one of the very fortunate and very efficient men of Toledo. His business connections are well known in that city, and the fact that his ability and industry have put him at the age of forty into the oiSce of first vice president of the strongest bank in Northwestern Ohio is a distinction such as might well satisfy the ambition of any man.

Born in Toledo August 18, 1873, he is a son of Spencer D. and Martha Louise (Richards) Carr. His family has long been well known in banking circles at Toledo, where his father is now president of the National Bank of Commerce, and on other pages will be found more extended reference to his career. William C. Carr possesses much of the financial judgment and ability of his honored father and has brought to his profession a sound experience and painstaking care in the performance of his dut.y.

He was educated in the public schools of Toledo and in 1892 was graduated from the Toledo High School and the :Manual Training School. In October following his graduation he started as a messenger boy in the Second National Bank and has been steadily with this institution in all its remarkable growth and development for more than twenty-four years. He has occupied every position successively, was made assistant cashier and on January 10, 1905, was made cashier, and still later was elevated to the post of first vice president. Thus his entire business career has been worked out in one institution, and it has been strictly on the basis of merit that he has achieved this enviable status in the financial circles of Northwest Ohio.

The Second National Bank stands for all that is strong and enduring in the business integrity of Toledo. It has a capital of $1,000,000 and a surplus of similar amount, while its total resotirces shown by a recent statement total over $15,000,000. M. W. Young is president, T. W. Childs is the second vice president, while C. W. Cole is cashier. The new home of the Second National Bank, twenty-one stories in heicrht, was tlirown open for public inspection on Saturdav night. October 11, 1913. By actual count more than 2,000 visitors pas.sed through the ornamental doors of the main floor, which is entirely occupied by the Second National Bank. This fine bank and office building towers above all others in Toledo, and is located in the very heart of the business district, and the bank itself is the heart of the financial resoiirces of the city. The building is the highest structure of its kind in Northwest Ohio, and is located at the corner of Summit Street and Madison Avenue. The old bank building was located on Madison Avenue.

Mr. Carr is also vice president and a director of The People's Savings Association, is director and treasurer of The Toledo Bread Company, director and treasurer of The Fifty Associate Company, director of The Toledo Factories Building Company, and director and president of The Allen Manufacturing Company.

He was for two and a half years president of the Business Men's Club when that organization was started, and is now active in its successor, The Toledo Commerce Club. He is a republican in politics, a member of Sanford L. Collins Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, of the Toledo Club, the Country Club, the Inverness Club, the Toledo Yacht Club, is a member and elder in the Collingwood Avenue Presbvterian Church.

At Bowling Green, Ohio, July 18, 1899, he married ]Miss Cora Elizabeth Crim, daughter of Rev. J. Jl. Crim. Her grandfather. Rev. Jacob Biddle, was one of the first circuit rider preachers in Ohio and spent many years traveling horseback and carrying the message of the Gospel from town to town and settlement to settlement. Mr. and Mrs. Carr are the parents of six children : Robert Spencer, aged seventeen ; Richard Clarence, aged fifteen ; William Paul, aged thirteen ; Elizabeth, aged eleven ; Rachel, aged nine ; and Louise, aged four.

Capt. Clayton W. Everett. The recent death of Captain Everett, though he was past seventy at the time, left an unfilled vacancy in the Toledo bar and in the ranks of good citizenship. The following sketch of his career serves to adorn the pages of a publication on Northwest Ohio in which so many notable personal it irs of thr ]iast ai'c given some credit for thcii- iii-liicvi'iiicnts ami influence.

He was born n.'ai' ( Ji-aiivilh'. Ohio, April 11. 1844. His father, Israel, was a son of Samuel Everett of Torrington, Connecticut. Samuel Everett emigrated to Granville, Ohio, in 1805, making the journey with an ox team and bringing with him ' ' a small town libran- and the blade of a sawmill." A rosebush brought along on this tedious journey was still blooming (1915) in the yard of the first frame house erected at Granville - probably the house was built of lumber sawed out by this ' ' blade of a sawmill ' ' and it probably made a home for the ' ' small town library. ' '

The Everett family from which Captain Everett sprang came originally from County Essex, England, to "Watertown, Massachusetts, in 1636 and includes in its numbers the names of the illustrious Edward Everett and Edward Everett Hale.

Clayton W. Everett lived on his father's farm where he was born until his enlistment at its formation, September 8, 1861. in Company H, Forty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. This companv formed a part of the regiment of which William H. Gibson of Tiffin was the colonel. The boy was only seventeen years of age when he enlisted. He was soon made first sergeant and later captain. He was honorably discharged April 10, 1863, for wounds received in battle. He participated in the battles of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862 ; Corinth, October 3 and 4, 1862; Lawrenceburg, Kentucky, October 9, 1862 ; and Stone River, Tennessee, December 31, 1862, and January 2, 1863. It was in the battle of Stone River, where he commanded a battalion when only nineteen years of age, that he lost his left arm at the shoulder.