Spokane, Washington - History, 1912 (part 21 of 23)

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Wicks car coupler and the former a farmer of Dearborn county. The two children of Dr. and Mrs. Kalb are Marian E. and Charles J., the former a high-school student while the latter is yet in the grade departments of the public schools. Dr. Kalb is an earnest republican in his political views and his labors have been somewhat effective forces in promoting public interests in this locality. He has served as a member of the county central committee and has represented the party as a delegate in county conventions. He belongs to the First ^Methodist Episcopal church, in which he is serving as a trustee, and he is a director of the Deaconess Hospital. In the various lines of church work he takes an active and helpful interest and is a liberal contributor to its support. In Masonry he has taken the Knight Templar degree and is also a member of the Mystic Shrine. He likewise holds membership with the Maccabees and is examining physician for the local lodge. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and is interested in its active projects for Spokane's development, for the exploitation of its resources and for its improvement along various lines. He is heartily concerned for the public welfare and belongs to that public-spirited and helpful type of men whose ambitions and desires are centered and directed in those channels through which flows the greatest and most permanent good to the greatest number.

William T. Birdsall

William T. Birdsall is not only one of the prominent figures of Spokane but is also widel}' and favorably known in the east and from the time when he did campaign work through the states of New York and Pennsj'lvania with John C. Fremont ere he attained his majority until a recent date has been a dominating figure in politics wherever he has lived. He is recognized as an authority on the real-estate laws of New York and probably is better acquainted with New York real-estate titles than any other man in the world now living. In Spokane he has done much to promote manufacturing interests and the paper mill of this city is indirectly the result of his efforts. He has also labored untiringly to interest investors and business men in the glass industries, blast furnaces and manufactories, and in the development of the water power, seeking ever to promote the growth and progress of the district although he is not directly connected with any companies of that character. He is regarded as the peer of any counselor of the city and in his practice has handled many important cases.

Mr. Birdsall is a native of Wilton, Connecticut, born July 2, 1838. His father. Colonel Elbert Birdsall, was born in 1806 in Brooklyn, New York, at the foot of Fulton street, which is now one of the most busy districts of that city. For ten years he was assistant commissary general of the Empire state but retired a few years prior to his death, which occurred in 1865. The Birdsall family has long been represented on Long Island and were originally of the Quaker faith. They came of English ancestry, arriving early in the seventeenth century, and representatives of the name participated in the war of 1812. The mother of William T. Birdsall was in her maidenhood Lucretia M. Deebe, a native of Columbia county, New York, born in January, 1814, and her death occurred in January. 1887. She was a descendant of that Deebe who came to this country from Bougliton, England, in

1637 and settled at Hartford, Connecticut. William T. Birdsall was the youngest of a family of six children, all of whom have passed away with the exception of a sister, Adaline Augusta, the wife of Edward L. Strong, a merchant of Boston, Massachusetts, who is a great-great-grandson of Governor Strong of that state. The eldest sister, Anna Elizabeth, married George Briggs, a nephew of George N. Briggs, of Massachusetts, who became famous in American history by giving the people cheaper postage, and his eccentricity was manifest in the fact that he never wore a collar.

William T. Birdsall pursued his education in the public schools of New York, city and in Tarry town (N. Y.) Institute. In preparation for the bar he entered the law office of Beebe, Dean & Donohue of New York city, there remaining until 1861, spending five years with the firm. He was admitted to practice in New York in 1861 and was afterward admitted to practice in the courts of New Jersey and Connecticut and the superior courts of Wisconsin. Gradual advancement brought him to a distinguished position in connection with the bar of the east. He came west in 1896 for the purpose of spending ten days, his object being to protect the interests of New York clients at the Upper Falls. In consequence of the negotiations looking toward the settlemeJit of the matter he remained and the fact of the arrival of a daughter-in-law suffering from tuberculosis has caused him to continue his residence here. He has since practiced at the Washington bar and at once was accorded the high rank which had been his in the east. While in New York in his professional capacity he was brought into contact with criminal cases of all kinds of both local and national importance and also engaged in practice in the field of maritime law to some extent. Moreover, his work as counselor brought him into connection with the slave trade in ante-bellum days. He practiced law in New York from 1861 until he came to Spokane in 1896 save for a period of eight years, during which he was a resident of Wisconsin. His connection with the trial of Dr. McGonigal, which attracted worldwide attention, gained him fame and it is supposed that he was wholly responsible as the counselor in that case. One of the interesting suits with which his name is associated was that brought about over the will of E. K. Collins, the founder of the first American steamship line to Liverpool in competition with the Cunard line, then in its infancy. Mr. Collins was the patron of John Roche, who founded the American-Brazilian steamship line under the subsidy granted by the United States, which was afterward withdrawn.

Mr. Birdsall is now identified with some mining operations in Idaho. He organized the Del Rio Mining Company of that state and continued as its president until February, 1911. He has organized other mining companies but has not been active in their conduct and management. His labors have been an effective force in promoting all kinds of manufacturing in Spokane and he believes that a great plant for the manufacture of paper and woolen goods should be erected in this city, having been informed by a cloth manufacturer of national fame that the waters of the Spokane river are equal to the west of England's waters for setting colors, and west England cloth manufacturers owe the reputation of their goods to those qualities in the river waters which set and fix colors. It is characteristic of Mr. Birdsall that he thoroughly studies every question and situation which arouses his attention and, therefore, since coming to Spokane he has closely considered the conditions of this country and its opportunities, and is working earnestly and effectively for advancement here.

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In political circles Mr. Birdsall has been equally well known. He was not yet twenty-one years of age when he did campaign work in New York and Pennsylvania in support of John C. Fremont, who was then a candidate for the presidenc_v. He has always been an earnest advocate of republican principles and was formerly very active. At the present time he is concentrating his energies upon his professional interests in Spokane and upon the work of developing the city along the lines indicated. He was formerly a member of the Republican Club and also of the Society of Medical Jurisprudence.

Mr. Birdsall was married in September. 1860, at Chatham, New York, to Miss Emma Goodenough and of the three children born to them but one is now living, Wallace C. Birdsall, who is representing the E. C. Atkins Company at Vancouver, British Columbia. For fifty-five years William T. Birdsall has been an active factor in the world's work and with powers undiminished at the age of seventythree years he continues one of the leading citizens of the northwest, his efforts crowned with successful achievement in various directions, while in the field of the law the consensus of public opinion establishes his position as a foremost counselor.

Rush Jacob White

Rush Jacob White, of Wallace, is the general superintendent of the Federal Mining & Smelting Company. His birth occurred at Osage, Iowa, on the 19th of December, 1876, his parents being Melvin H. and Alice (Chase) White. The father participated in the Civil war during the last year of the conflict, being then but a youth of eighteen. In 1890 the family home was established in Spokane, Washington. Rush J. White was graduated from the Spokane high school in 1895 and subsequently learned assaying in the office of C. :M. Fassett of Spokane, in whose service he remained for a year and a half. In 1897 he went to Sandon, British Columbia, and for a few months was employed by B. C. Riblet, a mining engineer. Returning to Spokane, he spent one year in the service of the Washington Water Power Company and then went to Colorado, entering the Colorado School of Mines at Golden and remaining there for one year. In the spring of 1899 he again returned to Spokane and once more became connected with the Washington Water Power Company, assisting in the construction of the first large addition to their power house. In October, 1899, he came to Wallace, Idaho, and worked for G. Scott Anderson as mining engineer for a year and a half or until the spring of 1901. Being desirous of having practical mining experience, he spent some months in the Tiger mine at Burke, doing actual mining work. In the fall of 1901 he went to Chelan. Washington, as chief engineer for the Chelan Transportation & Smelting Company, that concern having an option on the property of the Holden Gold & Copper Mining Company. Mr. White surveyed and partially built a narrow gauge railroad, about fourteen miles long, to this property, but the work was not finished owing to the fact that the Chelan Transportation & Smelting Company went out of business. In the spring of 1901 he returned to Wallace, Idaho, and became connected with the Federal Mining & Smelting Company, first working as mine surveyor and later as assistant engineer. In March, 1907, he was made the chief engineer of the Federal Mining & Smelting Company, being placed in charge of the engineering work at all of their plants. In the fall of 1910 he became general superintendent of mines for that concern, having charge of all the operations of their mines except the mechanical department. He still holds this responsible position and under his management the Morning mine (the property of the Federal Mining & Smelting Company) has been developed into one of the most valuable jsroducing mines in the Coeur d'Alene district.

On the 10th of February, 1903, at Chelan, Washington, Mr. White was married to Miss Marietta Brown, a daughter of S. M. Brown of Seattle, who has been actively identified with electric light and power plants throughout the northwest. This union has been blessed with one son, Norman Rush White, who was born in 1903.

Fraternally Mr. White is identified with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, belonging to Wallace Lodge, No. 331. In the line of his profession he is connected with the American Institute of Mining Engineers and is also a member of the Idaho Society of Engineers, having been elected the first vice president of the latter organization in 1910. In his profession he has met with success, while in every relation of life he has won the respect and unqualified confidence of those with whom he has come in contact.

Bernard Fitzpatrick

The state of Washington lost a valued and representative citizen when Bernard Fitzpatrick was called from this life. His name was prominently associated with events which have left their impress upon the history of Stevens coimty and in public office there his record was such as contributed to general progress and improvement. He was born in Leighlan, Ireland, on the 6th of January, 1837, his parents being Richard and Elizabeth (Barnes) Fitzpatrick, the former a farmer by occupation. In the public schools of his native city the son pursued his education and after his work in the schoolroom was over, learned the trade of a wheelwright and wagon maker. He came to America in 1859 and established his home in the northwest in 1861. He was an army contractor and stock-raiser who resided for a time at Portland, Oregon, and removed thence to Stevens county, Washington, in 1865. For a time he was a contractor for fuel and feed at Fort Colville and at Fort Spokane, and as the years passed he became more and more largely connected with the business activities in this section of the country. He made investment in land until he had substantial holdings, speculated to a considerable extent and also engaged in stock-raising. He built the first courthouse for Lincoln county at Davenport, Washington, and as the years passed he more and more largely left the impress of his individuality upon the history of eastern Washington. His ability and fidelity being recognized by his fellow townsmen, he was called to public office, being first elected county treasurer of Stevens county in 1870. In 1874 he was chosen county school superintendent when the county embraced the entire territory from the Snake river to the British Columbia line, including what is now Spokane county. He did much to place the schools of this district upon a substantial basis leading to their later development, his labors greatly stimulating educational activity in the district under his jurisdiction.

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On the 2d of July, 1 862, Bernard Fitzpatrick was united in marriage to Miss Katharine Lench and unto them were born a daughter and two sons : Anne, the wife of J. F. Keller; James 'M.; and L. J. The family circle was broken by the hand of death when Bernard Fitzpatrick passed away on the 9th of August, 1891. He had been independent in politics, voting rather for men and measures than for party and yet never faltering in his advocac_v of the principles in which he believed. Fraternally he was connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and in that organization and out of it he had a circle of friends that was very extensive. He was one of the first of the permanent settlers in this part of the state and the value of his work as a factor in its development can hardly be overestimated. He came here when the settlers were few indeed, when there were great stretches of uncultivated prairie and of uncut forests. Here and there a settler had established himself for trading with the Indians, but it seemed that the seeds of civilization had scarcely been planted and there was little indication of the fact that within a few decades a great transformation would be wrought that would place the Spokane country on a par in many respects with the civilization and prosperity of the older east. Mr. Fitzpatrick at all times bore his part in bringing about the changes which have been wrought and as one of the upbuilders of the Inland Empire his history deserves prominent mention on the pages of this volume.

His son James M. Fitzpatrick has had a business experience of wide range since he started out in a humble capacity as an employe in a hardware store in Cheney, Washington. His birth occurred in the old town of Colville, Stevens county, this state, October 2, 1868. He was a lad of eight years when, in 1876, the family removed to Portland, where he acquired his early education in the public schools. He afterward attended the Benjamin P. Cheney Academy at Cheney, Washington, and was graduated with the class of 1884. It was one of the best of the early schools of the northwest but has since been destroyed by fire. On the completion of his course there Mr. Fitzpatrick secured a position in a hardware store in Chenev, where he was employed for a few years, and then in 1889 went to Tacoma, where he entered the employ of the Northern Pacific Elevator Company, which he represented as weigh master for a time. In 1891 he returned to Spokane and became financially interested in the Washington Fuel Company, of which he was elected secretary and treasurer, thus continuing until 1898. In tliat year he organized the Union Iron Works, of which he has since been treasurer and general manager, and thus takes part in the control of one of the largest enterprises of its kind in the Inland Empire. He is a man of keen discrimination and sound judgment and his executive ability and excellent management have brought to the concern with which he is connected a large degree of success. The safe, conservative policy which he inaugurated, combined with progressive methods in manufacture and in sale, commends itself to the judgment of all and has secured to the company a patronage which makes its volume of trade one of great importance and magnitude.

Mr. Fitzpatrick resides with his mother at No. 901 South Adams street in a home which he erected in 1901. He is a thirty-third degree Mason and tlie honorary degree indicates his prominence and efficient work in the fraternity. He also belongs to the Spokane and Inland Clubs and as a business man and citizen he takes a most helpful and active interest in all the projects which have for their object, the upbuilding and advancement of the city. He was one of the committee that went to Chicago in 1896 to try and arrange more favorable freight rates with the representatives of the railroads and as a result of this conference the Spokane Zone was established, which has been of not a little assistance to shippers. He also took an active part in the campaign work of 1910 which resulted in the decisions of the interstate commerce commission. While he has always voted with the republican party he has never sought nor desired office, preferring to do his public service as a private citizen and to concentrate his energies upon his business affairs. Without any special advantages at the outset of his career he has made steady advancement. Tireless energy, honesty of purpose and a genius for devising the right thing at the right time, joined to everyday common sense, are the chief characteristics of the man.

Simon P. Donnelly

Connected throughout his entire life with mining interests on the Pacific coast, Simon P. Donnelly has for twenty-three years been one of the owners and operators of silver-bearing properties at Lake View. He makes his home there and is preeminently a western man through nativity and also in spirit and in interests. His birth occurred in San Francisco, June 11, 1860, and his name indicates his Irish descent. His parents, John and Mary (Cloney) Donnelly, were both natives of Ireland and in the year 1858 made the long voyage from the Emerald isle, around Cape Horn up through the Pacific west to San Francisco. The father became a miner, working at times for wages and also operating some prospects of his own. He died in the year 1905, having for almost three decades survived his wife, who passed away in 1876.

Simon P. Donnelly, who is familiarly called Si by his many friends, was educated in the public schools of Nevada City, California. He lost his mother when a youth of sixteen and at that early age started out to make his own way in the world, following the business of mining in California until 1884, when he was attracted by the excellent prospects in the Coeur d'Alene district of Idaho, where he has since been actively interested in mining. One of the silver mines at Lake View, of which he is one of the owners and operators, has a history that would make an interesting story if told in full as known by Mr. Donnelly. This mine was discovered in 1888 by three men, who were "grub staked" by Mr. Donnelly and Fred A. Weber. They started what was known as the chloride excitement on Pend d'Oreille lake, and during the twenty-four years in which their mine has been worked, the joys and successes of the owners have been alternated with many periods of disappointments.

Mr. Donnelly is well known as an advocate of the democratic party and has a wide acquaintance among the political leaders of the state, attending almost every state and county convention since he first made his way to Idaho. In 1893 he served out an unexpired term as sheriff of Shoshone county during the time it was under martial law, when the mining troubles were prevalent. He was appointed by both the civil and military authorities to that office, George T. Crane being one of the county commissioners that called him to the position. In 1896 he was elected state senator from Kootenai county and was again elected to that office in 1900. He gave earnest consideration to questions which came up for settlement and labored effectively for the interests of his party, his constituents and the commonwealth in general. He was chairman of the democratic state central committee of Idaho in 1902 and for eight years has been a member of the democratic national committee from that state.

Mr. Donnelly holds membership in the Roman Catholic church. He is a member of the Spokane Club and spends much time in Spokane, where he is as popular as he is in Idaho. He is regarded there as one of the democratic war horses but is a great favorite with all classes of people, being at all times genial and approachable. His cordiality has a faculty of making every one feel at ease in his presence and behind a pleasant manner are found the strong and sturdy characteristics which make for leadership in political circles and for success in private life.

Jay W. Fancy

Jay W. Fancy is well known in the real-estate and loan field, and at an age when most young men are beginning to make progress he has reached a point in his business which ordinarily comes after long years of faithful and patient service. Throughout his entire life he has resided in the northwest, his birth having occurred at The Dalles, Oregon, April 16, 1881. His parents were Simeon E. and Annie (Davis) Fancy, who in the early '70s left their old home in Bangor, Maine, and crossed the continent to California, where they resided for a few j^ears and then went to Oregon. That was in 1877 and they located at The Dalles. They afterward made a trip to Spokane but remained for only a few months, returning to The Dalles, where the father engaged in the building and contracting business, there making his home until 1890, when he removed to Bellingham, Washington, where he is still engaged in the same business. The brother of our subject, Albert C. Fancy, is also a contractor of Bellingham, and the sister, Nanette, is the wife of Cortland P. Hunt, of Spokane.

The early childhood of Jay W. Fancy was spent in his native city but wlun about nine years of age he accompanied his parents on their removal to Bellingham, where he pursued his education, passing through consecutive grades and the high school. He has been a resident of Spokane since June, 1899, at which time he entered the employ of a wholesale grocery firm, where he continued for about three years. In 1903 he turned his attention to the real-estate, loan and rental business and has secured a large clientage in this connection, his course indicating that his judgment is sound and his discrimination keen. He carefully looks after the interests of clients and his business has shown yearly growth, having now assumed creditable and gratifying proportions.

On the 29th of August, 1903, Mr. Fancy was united in marriage !o Miss Florence May Sutherland, a daughter of Daniel T. and Lucinda E. (Horton) Sutherland of Tennessee. Mr. and Mrs. Fancy have resided in Spokane since tliat time and in social circles have won for themselves an enviable jiosition. Mr. Fancy is a member of All Saints Episcopal church and is a prominent worker in tlie church, tak- ing great interest in philanthropic and orphanage work. He is the vice president of the Associated Guilds^ a member of the Spokane Amateur Athletic Club and a charter member of the Inland Club, and is appreciative of all that friendship and social interest means. His political views accord with the principles of the republican party but he has never evinced any desire for office. He allows no outside affairs to interfere with his business and by close, unremitting attention has gradually worked his way upward.

Receiving the most thorough technical education in his chosen profession of electrical engineering, Clifford Sherron MacCalla has since filled positions of the utmost importance, resigning always to advance to a still higher one, until he is now general manager for the Washington Water Power Company, one of the greatest and most important corporations operating in the northwest. A glance at the work he has accomplished will show that he stands foremost, in the line of electrical engineering and construction, and that he occupies one of the most responsible and important positions in the profession.

Mr. MacCalla was born in Wallingford, Delaware county, Pennsylvania, March 31, 1876, and is of Scotch descent on the paternal side, representing a family that was founded in America in 1683. His father, Clifford P. MacCalla, a native of Philadelphia, became a distinguished lawyer and was very prominent in Masonry, serving at one time as grand master of the grand lodge of Pennsylvania. He married Helen Arrison, who was also born in Philadelphia and was of English descent, representing the second generation in America. She died in 1891 while Mr. MacCalla passed away in 1892. In their family were three children: Willard, a publisher of Philadelphia; Ma_v, the widow of A. L. Foster and now a resident of Philadelphia; and Clifford S.

The last named received his general education in the Friends' School at Fifteenth and Race streets, Philadelphia, and his technical training in Lehigh University, where he pursued a four years' course and was graduated in 1896 with the degree of Electrical Engineer. Immediately after his graduation he took up the practical phase of the work as an employe of the Philadelphia Bell Telephone Company, doing switchboard work at first and afterward entering the instrument department. He was constantly on the outlook, however, for opportunities that would give him broader scope and bring into use the thorough technical training which he had received. He resigned his position with the Bell Telephone Company early in the winter of 1896 to enter the employ of the Edison Electric Light & Power Company of Philadelphia as inspector. He remained in that position for a brief period and resigned in May, 1897, to accept a position in the drafting room of the Edison Electric Illuminating Company of Brooklyn, New York. For four years he remained with that company, working first as draftsman on the electrical design of the switchboard and the construction and equipment of stations. He next entered the construction department, installing machinery, and when he resigned he was general foreman of construction. His next resignation was tendered in July, 1901, that he might accept the position of assistant engineer of construction with the foreign department of the General Electric Company, going as assistant engineer and second in command on installation of a contract with the New South Wales, Australia government, for three 1500 K. W., 6600 volt stem-driven generators and a complete installation of five rotary converter substations for Sydney tramways. He remained in that country until 1903.

Following his return to America Mr. MacCalla was employed from February until April, 1903, in the Schenectady factory of the General Electric Company, engaged on turbine and special tests. He resigned therefrom to become assistant electrical engineer with the Edison Electric Illuminating Company of Brooklyn, New York, with which he had been connected from 1897 until 1901, being in charge of the operating department including two main steam generating plants and fourteen distributing substations, with some ninety men working under him. He remained with the Edison Company the second time until August, 1903, when he again resigned to become assistant to the general manager of the Washington Water Power Company of Spokane. The duties of this position included the general features incidental to that of the general management. The company does practically all of its engineering and constructing, maintaining in Spokane a complete organization for this work, both engineering and construction being done under the direction of Mr. MacCalla. Some idea of the work he has accomplished may be gathered from the fact that he designed, practically in its entirety, the Post Falls h3'draulic plant, including the electrical, hydraulic and construction features. An article on this work was written by Mr. MacCalla and published in the Electrical World and Engineer in May, 1908. The construction work was also in charge of Mr. MacCalla. The present installation is sixteen thousand, three hundred and sixty horse power, and the approximate cost was one million dollars. This work with his other duties occupied his attention from 190-i until 1906 inclusive. During the two succeeding years he had also the direction of the electrical design of the steam turbine plant in Spokane together with the complete erection of the building and the installation of all machinery in 1907. The second installation (9000 K. W. unit), layout and installation complete, was under the immediate direction of Mr. MacCalla in 1908. The present installation is twenty thousand horse power and the approximate cost was nine hundred thousand dollars. In the years 1909 and 1910 Mr. MacCalla directed the complete electrical, mechanical and hydraulic design and construction of the Little Falls plant. There was installed in this plant four horizontal twin hydraulic turbins of nine thousand horse power, each direct-connected to a 5000 K. W. generator with necessary auxiliaries, switchboard, exciters, step-up transformers, etc., witli duplicate 63,000 volt steel tower lines (suspension type insulators) connecting the company's high voltage system in Spokane, Washington. The plant was erected at a cost of more than two million dollars. i\Ir. IMacCalla had general direction of all other engineering and construction matters in connection with tlie Washington Water Power Company. That he satisfactorily discharged the important duties assigned him is adduced from the fact that in 1910 he was made general manager of the Washington Water Power Company, one of the largest and most powerful cor])orations operating in the northwest. He has not extended his efforts into other fields in any large degree but is a director of the First State Bank of St. Joe, Idaho.

On the 24th of November, 1906, in Sydnej^, Australia, Mr. MacCalla was united in marriage to Miss Agnes W. Purves, a daughter of Thomas P. Purves, general manager for . Australia for the New York Life Insurance Company. The Purves family is of Scotch descent. Mr. and Mrs. MacCalla have two children, Sylvia and Willard A.

Mr. MacCalla in his college davs became a member of the Sigma Chi and he belongs to the Spokane Club, the Spokane Country Club, the Spokane Tennis Club, and the Spokane University Club, associations which indicate much of the nature of his interests and recreation. His political allegiance is given to the republican party but his growing responsibilities have never permitted him to take active part in its work. He has ever held to high ideals in his profession and with resolute spirit has labored for their attainment. Laudable ambition has prompted him at every step in his career to achieve the best results possible and his developing ability has brought him to a very prominent position as a representative of engineering interests in the northwest.

Dr. Tracy R. Mason, who opened an office at Wardner in 1898, has since remained a successful medical practitioner of that town and has also served as its health officer since 1910. His birth occurred in Cumberland county, Illinois, on the 24.th of December, 1874, his parents being L. H. and Ella (Richardson) Mason. In 1887 or 1888 they removed to La Grande, Oregon, where the father was engaged in the practice of medicine until his demise in 1893. His widow still makes her home at that place.

Tracy R. Mason acquired his education in the public schools of La Grande and subsequently prepared for a professional career in the American Medical College of St. Louis, Missouri, from which he was graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1898. In that year he came to Wardner, Idaho, where he has practiced continuously since, with the exception of the period devoted to another medical course Ln the Bennett Medical College of Chicago, from which he was graduated in 1905. Since entering upon practice he has made orderly progress and is recognized as a man of well balanced capacities and powers, whose strong character inspires confidence in others. He keeps in touch with the advancement that is being continually made by the medical fraternity through his membership in the North Idaho Medical Association, the State Medical Association of Idaho and the American Medical Association. He is a director of the First State Bank of Kellogg and, in addition to his mining interests, owns a section of farming land at Three Forks, Montana.

On the 18th of October, 1904, Dr. Mason was united in marriage to Miss Katherine Goetz, a daughter of Charles Goetz, who was one of the early settlers of the Palouse country. Mr. Goetz emigrated to the United States from Germany, his native land, settling first in San Francisco and afterward driving into the Palouse country from Walla Walla about thirty-five years ago.

Dr. Mason gives his political allegiance to the democratic party. In 1902 he was elected county coroner but resigned the office in order to pursue a medical course in Chicago. He has served as health officer of Kellogg since 1908 and since 1910 has been health officer of Wardner. In 1911 he was chosen councilman of Wardner for a term of two j'ears. Fraternally he is identified with the Knights of Pythias, belonging to Galena Lodge, No. 12, at Kellogg. He also belongs to the Fraternal Order of Eagles, acting as physician of Aerie No. 170 at Wardner. Dr. Mason maintains the strictest conformity to the highest professional ethics and enjoys in full measure the confidence and respect of his professional brethren as well as of the general public.

Dr. John H. Hoxsey is one of the recent additions to the medical profession in Spokane, having established his home here January 1, 1910, yet he has long resided in this section of the country and has a wide and favorable acquaintance. He was born in Madison county, Illinois, September 25, 1859, and belongs to an old Dutch family, his great-grandfather removing from Virginia, his native state, to Kentucky. His parents were John F. and Elizabeth Hoxsey, whose family numbered the following: Dr. T. E. Hoxsey, who has been associated in practice with his brother John since January, 1910; Dr. George W., a practicing physician of Leavenworth, Kansas; W. E., a druggist of Spokane; Robert A., a grain buyer of Ritzville; Mrs. Emma Hubbard, of Spangle, Washington; and Mrs. W. A. Cox, living in Litchfield, Illinois.

The other member of the family is Dr. Hoxsej^ of this review, who acquired his early education in the public schools of his native county and when twentyone years of age took up his literary course of two years, in Blackburn University of Carlinville, Illinois. Subsequently he entered the American Medical College of St. Louis, Missouri, and was graduated in 1885, coming west the same year, locating at Spangle, Washington. He did general post-graduate work in the New York Post Graduate jNIedical School in 1893 and after an extended hospital practice, which brought him broad and valuable experience, he returned to Spangle, Washington, where he built up valuable practice, extending many miles in every direction. He also became physician at the county poorhouse and hospital and was city physician from the time of the incorporation of the town. When he first located in Spangle the roads were mostly trails and the long rides had to be made on horseback. On the 1st of January, 1910, he removed to Spokane, seeking the broader field of professional labor offered in the city. He served on the state board of medical examiners from 1 897-1 90 i and was its secretary for two years. He is in the very front rank of his profession and is recognized as one most thoroughly 'equipped and experienced in the practice of surgery and medicine. At Spangle he was medical examiner for the New York Life, the Mutual and Prudential Insurance Companies and various fraternal societies and he is a member of the County Medical Society. His outside business interests include an irrigation project in Twin Falls county of southern Idaho.

On the nth of September, 1889, occurred the marriage of Dr. Hoxsey and Miss Susie Gildea, of Spangle, a daughter of Thomas R. and Elizabeth Gildea. of that place. They were pioneers of that county and Mrs. Hoxsey was a school teacher in that vicinity. She came to Washington in 1883 with her parents from Boone, Iowa, on the first through train over the Northern Pacific from St. Paul. Her father was a prominent resident of this section of the country. He was born in Indiana and was descended from an old Pennsylvania family. In the pioneer epoch here he held many political offices, was justice of the peace for a number of years and was also Indian agent for the Coeur d'Alene Mission of Idaho, being appointed by President Harrison. Unto Dr. and Mrs. Hoxsey have been born two sons, Maurice Y. and John Thomas, and the former is now pursuing a pharmacy course at Pullman, Washington. Both Mr. and Mrs. Hoxsey are active and helpful members of the Central Christian church. He has taken an active part in civic and political affairs of the county and in early life affiliated with the democratic party but since the time of the free silver and populist movement he has been independent, voting rather for the man than for the party. Fraternally lie is connected with the Woodmen of the World and has filled all of the chairs in the local organization. He likewise belongs to Spangle Lodge, No. 50, I. O. O. F., and to Spangle Lodge, No. 131, A. F. & A. M., being a charter member of both organizations. While his interests are thus broad and varied, he yet regards his professional duties as paramount and in their discharge is most able and conscientious.

J. B. Gilbert

J. B. Gilbert has been a resident of Spokane only since September, 1909, but has made his home in the Spokane district for thirty-two years. He was one of the organizers of the town of Rockford, and active in its upbuilding for a long period and he has also left his impress upon the political history of this section of the state. At the present time he is concentrating his energies upon the development of the business of the Independent Rapid Transfer Company, of which he is secretary-treasurer. He started in life as a farmer boy and is a western man by birth, for the place of his nativity is Benton county, Oregon, and his natal day. May 1, 1852. His father, L. D. Gilbert, was born in the state of New York and was descended from English ancestry, the family having been founded in America in early colonial days, representatives of the name settling in New York in the early part of the seventeenth century. Members of the family participated in the Revolutionary war, others in the war of 1812, and still others in the Civil war, and valor and loyalty have at all times been characteristics of the Gilberts. L. D. Gilbert was a member of the Home Militia in Ohio in the period between the war of 1812 and the Civil war but never saw active service. Recognizing the fact that while pioneer experiences were to be met upon the Pacific coast, the district also offered excellent opportunities, L. D. Gilbert crossed the plains in 1847, traveling by ox team over the long stretches of hot sand and over the mountain passes to Oregon. He resided near Corvallis, where he engaged in farming and stock-raising. The work of civilization and improvement had scarcely been begun in the state, and hardships and difficulties confronted the pioneer on every hand, but with determined purpose these were met and in time gave way before the resolution and energy of Mr. Gilbert. In 1849 he went to California, attracted by the discovery of gold there and spent some time in a search for the precious metal in the "diggings" on a branch of the American river. Later he returned to Oregon, where he again took up farming and stock-raising, becoming a prominent and influential citizen of his home locality, which was known as the Belknap settlement. He left that district in 1868 and removed to Lane county, his last days being spent in Eugene, the county seat, where he passed away in 1887. His wife, who in her maidenhood bore the name of Hannah Belknap, was also a native of the Empire state and with her husband crossed the plains. She, too, was descended from ancestry represented in the Revolutionary war. Her grandfather died in the battle of Bunker Hill from exhaustion, caused by becoming overheated, and his son was shot through the body in a later engagement with the Indians in the same war; he, however, recovered. The Belknap family also sent its representatives to the war of 1812 and to the Civil war. Mrs. Gilbert survived her husband for twenty- four years, passing away in June, 1911, at the remarkable old age of ninety-six years. She retained her mental faculties to a remarkable degree and was a most interesting old lady, her mind stored with many reminiscenses of frontier days. She belonged to the faithful band of pioneer women whose courage and endurance equalled that of her husband and brothers and fathers who undertook the task of reclaiming a wild western wilderness for the purposes of civilization. ]\Irs. Gilbert spent the last nineteen years of her life in the home of her son J. B. Gilbert, and from his family received every care and attention which filial devotion could suggest. She was the mother of six sons, three of whom are yet living, and three daughters: Riley, who is the owner of a large tract of land of one thousand acres at Coulee City, Washington ; Phineas, a millwright and mechanic of Spokane ; Jane, the wife of the Rev. N. Clark, a capitalist of Spokane, but now residing in Berkeley, California; Mary, the wife of I. N. Edwards, who is called the "farmerlawyer" of Lane county, Oregon, and has served as representative of that county to the state legislature ; and Emma, the wife of F. A. Watts, a druggist of East Portland, Oregon.

The other member of the family is J. B. Gilbert, whose name introduces this review. He was reared to farm work, early assisting in the arduous task of developing and cultivating new land and transforming a frontier district into a rich agricultural section. He came to Spokane county in 1880, when twenty-eight years of age, settling near Rockford. There he engaged in farming for eight years, securing his title to his land and making many improvements thereon. At length he sold out and established his home in town, where he engaged in the real-estate, loan and insurance business. He was one of the organizers of the town of Rockford and served in one official capacity or another there for about eighteen years. He was at different times clerk, councilman and city attorney, being continuously in office. He had not been regularly admitted to the bar, yet had read law to a considerable extent and his fellow townsmen felt that he was qualified for the duties of the position. In 1906 he was elected on the republican ticket to represent his district in the state legislature and served in the session of 1907. There he worked most earnestly for the local option bill, which, however, failed to pass. He repeatedly served as a delegate to county and state conventions and for four years was a member of the county central committee, thus taking active and prominent part in the political work of the district, while at the same time he maintained a prominent position in its business circles.

In September, 1909, however, Mr. Gilbert disposed of his interests at Rockford and came to Spokane, where he operated in real estate until September, 1910, when he purchased an interest in the Independent Rapid Transfer Company. This is an incorporated company, capitalized for twenty thousand dollars, with his sonin-law, C. G. Reath as president and manager; Mrs. C. G. Reath as vice president; and J. B. Gilbert as secretary-treasurer. Their business is located at No. 105 East Sprague street and they have secured a good patronage. Promptness and honorable dealing are features in their success.

On the 26th of February, 1873, in Albany, Oregon, Mr. Gilbert was united in marriage to Miss Irena D. Watts, a daughter of Russell and Diantha Watts, who crossed the plains in 1847 by way of the northern route and The Dalles. Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert have become the parents of five children: Lura A., the wife of Charles P. Thomas, a merchant at Freeman, Washington; Clyde W., who is engaged in the livery business at Coulee City, Washington; Claude D., who is fireman of Station 1 of the Spokane fire department; Elva J., the wife of C. G. Reath, who is associated with Mr. Gilbert in business; and Georgia H., the wife of Dallas Garred, a druggist of Walla Walla.

The parents are members of the First Methodist Episcopal church at Spokane, and Mrs. Gilbert is eligible to membership with the Daughters of the American Revolution. She belongs to one of the old American families, of English descent, the original settlement being made in Vermont. Some of her ancestors took part in the Revolutionary war. Later representatives of the family settled in Illinois and her father came from the Mississippi valley to the Pacific coast, becoming identified with farming interests in Linn county, where he died at the age of fortytwo years. Mr. Gilbert belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and has filled all the chairs in the local lodge. Both he and his wife are connected with the Rebekahs and he belongs also to the Woodmen of the World having served in all of the ofiices and is now a past counsel commander. He has long been a stalwart and helpful supporter of the cause of temperance. He is an active worker in the republican party. His influence is always cast on the side of right, justice, truth and progress, and his efforts have been an element in the moral development as well as the material progress of this section in which he has resided for almost a third of a century.

Harvey D. Trunkey

Harvey D. Trunkey, vice president and treasurer of the McClintock-Trunkey Company, was born at Helena, Arkansas, April 26, 1875. His father, Frank Trunkey, served as a captain in the Union army during the Civil war and died in the year 1890, being survived by his wife who bore the maiden name of Eliza Power.

The education of Harvey D. Trunkey was largely acquired in the common schools of Arkansas although he was for five years a student in Chicago. He completed his course, however, in Arkansas, leaving school when seventeen years of age in order to enter business life, becoming bookkeeper for a general merchandise concern in Marianna, Arkansas, where he was employed for four years.

Spokane And The Ixlaxd Empire 755

He then formed a partnership with R. McClintock, of that place, and they established a wholesale general merchandise business which they conducted for a year. At the expiration of that period Mr. Trunkey removed to the west, settling in Spokane where he again became associated with Mr. McClintock in the Boothe- Powell Company, these two men being financially interested in the business. After two years Mr. Powell disposed of his interests and in 1902 the firm became the Boothe-McClintock Company. In 1906 Mr. Boothe sold out and in 1907 the present firm style of the McClintock-Trunkey Company was adopted and Mr. Trunkey has since served as vice president and treasurer as well as one of the directors. He thus has active voice in the management of the business, and his sound and discriminating judgment and enterprising spirit constitute salient and effective forces in the attainment of the success which has come to this house.

On the 29th of November, 1898, at Marianna, Arkansas, Mr. Trunkey was united in marriage to Miss Marj' E. Johnston, a daughter of Steven D. and Mary Johnston. They have become parents of three children: Mary Frances, Frank and Elizabeth, the two eldest being now in school. The family attend the First Presbyterian church and Mr. Trunkey holds membership with the Modern Woodmen of America and with the Woodmen of the World. His political indorsement is given to the republican party, for he deems its principles the most effective force in promoting good government. He is without ambition for office, however, as he finds his business makes full demand upon his time and energies. While his path has not been free of the difliculties and obstacles which always beset the way of the business man, he has regarded these as but an impetus for more persistent effort and upon the basis of sound business principles and close adherence to a high standard of commercial ethics he has builded his success.

James Wilson Hutchins

James Wilson Hutchins has since the fall of 1900 been the able manager of the IVIullan Electric Light & Power Company. His birth occurred at ilanchester, England, on the 21st of January, 1868, his parents being Thomas and Sarah (Wilson) Hutchins. He acquired his education in the place of his nativity and in 1885, when a youth of seventeen, emigrated to the United States, joining relatives in San Antonio, Texas. There he remained on a cattle ranch for three years and then made his way to the Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory, where he spent the year of the Oklahoma boom - 1888-9. In the fall of 1889 he came to Wallace, Idaho, to take charge of the commissary cam]) of the railroad during the building of what is now the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company, which was being extended to Wallace. In 1891, when the road was completed, he secured a position as lineman with the Bell Telephone Company. In 1892 he entered the service of the Wallace Electric Light Company, with which he remained for eight years, beginning as lineman and winning steady promotion until at the time of his resignation he held the position of foreman. In the fall of 1900 he became the manager of the :\Iullan Electric Light & Power Company of ^lullan and in this capacity has remained continuously since, demonstrating his splendid executive ability in the successful control of this corporation. He is likewise interested in many of the mining pro|)eTties of tliis section.

In 1900 Mr. Hutchins was united in marriage to Mrs. Louise Heller, and they became the parents of a son, Robert Wilson who was born in September, 1907. He gives his political allegiance to the republican party and has acted as clerk of the school board of Mullan since 1905. Fraternally he is identified with the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, belonging to Wallace Lodge, No. 331, of the latter order. The high regard and esteem in which he is uniformly held is manifest in the number of lasting friendships which he has

John J. Browne

Out of the depths of his mature wisdom Carlisle wrote: "History is the essence of innumerable biographies," and Macaulay has said: "The history of a nation is best told in the lives of its people." It is therefore fitting that the personal mention of eminent and distinguished men should find a place in this volume, and in such a connection extended reference should be made of John J. Browne. Spokane is indebted to him in many ways. It was he who in 1879 drew up the bill organizing and planning Spokane county as it stands today. He has left his impress upon the commercial, industrial and financial development of this section of the state and has been equally active and helpful in educational and political lines. He has indeed taken prominent part in the transformation that has been brought about, changing Washington from a wild country into a great state, containing thousands of good homes and acres of growing towns, inhabited by an industrious, prosperous, enlightened and progressive people. At all times he has participated in the persistent work of development which was necessary to produce a change which is so complete that it has come to be popularly referred to as magical.

He came to the northwest in early manhood. He is a native of Ohio, his birth having occurred in Greenville, Stark county, April 28, 18't3. His parents were Andrew and Elizabeth (Goff) Browne, the former a son of James C. Browne, who, leaving his native place in the north of Ireland, became a resident of Pennsylvania and subsequently of Indiana. The Goff family is descended from Pennsylvania German stock. Elizabeth (Goff) Browne died when her son John was but two years old and he was afterward reared by his maternal grandparents in Indiana, acquiring his early education in the public schools of Columbia City, Whitley county, while later, at the age of eighteen years, he entered Wabash College in Crawfordsville. Summer vacations and the evening hours were devoted to the task of earning a sum sufficient to enable him to prosecute his education, and after leaving college he took up the profession of teaching, being given charge of the high school in Columbia City and also acting as superintendent of the schools in Goshen, Indiana. He found genuine pleasure in his work but felt that larger profits might accrue in the practice of law and accordingly pursued the regular course in the law department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, where he was graduated in the class of 1868.

Following his admission to the bar, Mr. Browne practiced for a year in Columbia City, Indiana, and afterward for four years in Oswego, Kansas. He also be-

Spokane And The Inland Empire 757

The call of the west proved irresistible to Mt. Browne and from Kansas he made his way to Portland, Oregon, where he entered upon the practice of law and also became an active factor in school work in that district, serving first by appointment and later by election as superintendent of the schools of Multnomah county. The moist atmosphere of the coast, however, brought on a recurrence of a bronchial affection, from which he had previously suffered and this decided him to seek a dryer climate, which he found east of the moimtains in Spokane, coming to this city in the summer of 1878. One is hardly justified in calling it a city, for at that time its population numbered but fifty-four. In the ensuing years Mr. Browne has been a most active factor in its growth and development. The town site, embracing the falls and what has since become the principal business section was owned by James N. Glover, who had come up from Oregon in 1873, built the first sawmill and embarked in trade with the Indians and the few whites who were living in this section. His original holding was one hundred and sixty acres, of which he sold forty acres to P'rederick Post. Mr. Browne in connection with A. M. Cannon later purchased a half interest in the one hundred and twenty acres, which Mr. Glover retained, each receiving a quarter share and paying Mr. Glover the sum of twenty-five hundred dollars. The property which thus came into their possession included the middle falls, representing nearly one-half the water power of the river. For seven years after arriving in Spokane Mr. Browne continued in the active practice of law but as the country was too sparsely settled to direct court sessions in this city alone, it was necessary to follow an itinerant course as court was held from time to time in the towns of Colfax, Colville and Walla WaUa. However, Spokane enjoyed rapid growth and in 1885, owing to the marvelous development of the city, Mr. Browne's property interests had so increased in value that he was obliged to give his attention chiefly thereto and withdraw from active connection with the bar. The more important business interests of Spokane during these early days felt the stimulus of his cooperation, activity and enterprise. He and his partner, Mr. Cannon, were for a number of years associated in important business transactions. In addition to the holdings which they obtained from Mr. Glover, they purchased a part of the land owned by Frederick Post and thus obtained a half ovniership in the lower falls. They were associated with A. J. Ross in the construction of the first street railway extending for four and a half miles, the project costing forty-three thousand dollars. Later they bought the interest of Mr. Ross, operating the line at a loss and then sold it to the Washington Water Power Company for one hundred thousand dollars. The necessity of a newspaper was recognized by them with the result that they established and for a time published the Spokane Chronicle, which they afterward sold. Later Mr. Browne became individual owner of the paper which he retained until 1898. Another evidence of his public spirit and his business ability is seen in the fine Auditorium block which he erected and which contains the theater that at one time, if not still, was the best designed and constructed theater on the Pacific coast. In this project Mr. Cannon was his business associate. He likewise became the president of the Spokane Mill Company and the Spokane Cracker Company. He displayed keen business ability and insight and the majority of his projects were carried forward to successful completion. In 1893, however, he sustained heavy losses in the failure of the Browne National Bank, which he had founded in 1888. The widespread and disastrous financial panic of that year forced the bank to suspend, paying to the creditors only thirteen per cent. It is said that the strength and character of an individual are never known until they are put to the test and it was this which showed of what mettle Mr. Browne is made. The remaining obligations of the bank were personally assumed by him and discharged in full without a single suit at law being brought against the bank. He was appointed its receiver by the federal authorities - probably the first incident of the selection of a national bank president to administer upon the affairs of his own suspended concern. His personal integrity, however, was so full}' recognized that the Chemical National Bank, of New York, which was one of the largest creditors of the institution holding its paper to the amount of forty thousand dollars, gave its receipt in full in exchange for ]\Ir. Browne's personal obligations at three and a half per cent.

Since that time the career of Mr. Browne has been one of continuous progress and many interests have felt the stimulus of his activity, aid and keen business discernment. He was the organizer of the Columbia Valley Bank at Wenatchee, Washington, capitalized for one hundred thousand dollars, and with surplus and undivided profits of twenty-five thousand. Of this institution he is the president, and is also president of the Coeur d'Alene Bank & Trust Company, at Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, capitalized for fifty thousand dollars, and the Bank of Oroville, Washington, with a capital of twenty-five thousand dollars. His sons are associated with him in his banking enterprises, Guy C. being vice president of one and Earle P. a director of another, and all of their stock with the exception of a small amount in the Columbia Valley Bank is o\vned by Mr. Browne and members of his family. In addition Guy C. Browne is president of the Cashmere (Washington) State Bank, which is also owned by the family. In financial circles of Spokane John J. Browne is well known as the president of the Columbia Investment Company, ha\nng taxable property exceeding three hundred thousand dollars ; the Spokane Investment Company; the Browne-Post Investment Company, in which his associate is F. T. Post; and the Prairie Development Company. Regarding real estate as one of the safest of all investments, Mr. Browne has become owner of twentytwo hundred acres in the district of Spokane, the greater part of which is well improved and today he is the largest individual taxpayer in Spokane county.

It has often been urged, and sometimes with considerable truth, that the successful business man of the present age has no time for cooperation in projects and measures which have their root in a desire to promote public welfare. But there are notable exceptions to this rule, of which ]\Ir. Browne is one. His interest in educational work, aroused during his early period of teaching, has never diminished. He regards education as of the highest importance not only to the state but for the best promotion of material interests, and his labors in its behalf have been effective and far reaching since his arrival in Washington. His work as a member of the Spokane school board through a period of sixteen years, during much of which time he was its president, was of both a practical and progressive character and through his advocacy of improved methods the standard of the city schools was greatly raised. For a number of years previous to 1893 he was a member and president of the board of regents of the University of Washington, elected at

Spokane And The Inland Empire 759

Seattle, and later he was several years a member of the board of the State Normal School at Cheney. In 1896 he was transferred to the board of the Washington State College, at Pullman, in which he has held the office of president and is now vice president. He advocates advanced education as well as the most thorough training in the fundamental branches and his work in behalf of education is that of a practical idealist.

Spokane, too, has profited largely by the efforts of Mr. Browne to exploit its resources and opportunities. He has ever felt that dissemination of knowledge concerning the city would constitute one of the chief forces of its growth, and associated with others, he organized several years ago the Publicity Committee of the Chamber of Commerce, of which he has been one of the most active and effective members.

Neither has Mr. Browne been neglectful of his duties of citizenship in relation to the political condition and situation of the country. He has ever kept thoroughly informed concerning the questions and issues of the day and possesses a statesman's grasp of affairs. In more recent years he has not consented to hold office but in 1872 was a delegate of Kansas to the democratic national convention at Baltimore, and in 1888 was sent by Washington to the democratic national convention at St. Louis, where he served on the committee on platform and notification. Disapproving the tendencies and leadership of the democratic organization he has in recent years taken no active part in political matters and has usually voted with the republican ticket. In 1890 he was made a delegate to the state constitutional convention of Washington, an election that came to him entirely unsought and unexpected during his absence in the east. However, he took helpful part in framing the organic law of the state, serving as chairman of the committee on state, county and municipal indebtedness, drafting the article in the constitution under that caption, which was practically adopted without alteration. On all questions of municipal, state and national interest, Mr. Browne keeps abreast with the best thinking men of the age, and his conclusions are the result of a logical deduction made from thorough familiarity with facts. A contemporary biographer has said of him: "He is known as a speaker of earnestness, marked ability and extensive and exact information, especially on the more important questions of public policy that affect the interest of the northwestern country. On the subject of 'conservation,' which in recent years has engaged so much discussion, he has delivered a number of addresses notable for the strength of the convictions expressed and for the arguments and facts by which they have been sustained. Mr. Browne liolds to the view than any comprehensive scheme of control and regulation of natural resources by the federal government is mistaken in theory and inexpedient economically, and that the conservation should be exercised by the states severally. A fundamental objection to such a federal system is, in his opinion, the discrimination necessarily involved in favor of the east against the west. It is not proposed by the conservationists to include in their program the existing developed resources of the country, in which private property rights have already been acquired, but to apply their doctrines to the still undeveloped and iinacquired resources - to the inevitable economic advantage of the developed east and disadvantage of the undeveloped west. In an address before the United States senate committee on public lands in the city of Washington, in February, 1910, Mr. Browne directed attention to this view of the question and also pointed out various objections of detail to the extreme conservation policy.

" 'East of the Mississippi,' he said, 'there are more than twenty million horse power of water, and only four millions of it have been developed. The total horsti power of water in the United States is sixty-six million, five hundred and eighteen thousand, five hundred, of which one-third is located in Oregon, Washington, Idaho and western Montana. In other words, the Columbia river and its tributaries contain a third of all the water power in the United States ; and, as may be imagined, we who live in those states are deeply interested in legislation that may affect the title to this power or the lands where it is found. Nearly all the remaining public lands, and therefore nearly all the water power upon public lands, are located in the Pacific and Rocky Mountain states and territories in Alaska. Whatever legislation therefore, congress enacts affecting public lands, or relating to conservation of natural resources wthin federal jurisdiction, applies almost wholly to the states I have named. If such legislation is good, the people of these states will be benefited, but if not good, they will be the chief sufferers. We are in favor of conservation and we are also in favor of progress and development. The lands should be used for purposes for which they are best suited, but should not be abused. The mines should be developed, but not destroyed. The timber should be used so as not to destroy the forests. These resources in time will all be exhausted but not so with the water powers, which are inexhaustible. The water power developed a century ago is as good today as then and it will be as good a century hence. We need that power for a hundred civilizing purposes in our country - for manufacturing, for operating railways of all kinds, for lighting houses and streets, and for a multitude of other purposes. In the Columbia river valley we have enough water for all purposes of the present day and for generations to come; including the operation of all the railroads we shall ever need, all the manufacturing we shall ever do, and all the cities we shall ever build. That water power is so great that if ten thousand horse power of it on the average should be developed every year, it would take two thousand, four hundred years before all of it would be in use, and when once in use, it would be in use forever. It we were to develop one hundred thousand horse power a year, it would take more than two hundred and forty-one years before all of it would be developed. Water powers are local and confined in their operation to comparatively small areas. Each community needs power to manufacture its raw materials. If the land upon which these powers are located is restored to entry under existing laws, the titles for the most part will go to bona fide settlers living in the several communities, and will largely be developed by local capital. Water powers on public lands are not located in cities but in the wilderness or in sparsely settled districts, and if the power should be a large one, it will take many years for its full development. No man can afford to put in his time and money developing such a power upon a leasehold. He needs the title in fee simple. He is not building for himself alone but for posterity. The government should cancel the withdrawal of those lands and dispose of them to the people who need them and will use them. In the very nature of the case there can be no monopoly in this matter. The states respectively own the waters in the rivers within their boundaries, subject only to the right of navigation, which is controlled by the federal government. This principle is so generally recognized that every good lawyer is familiar with the decisions of the courts justifying it. Each state has full power to regulate the water powers within its boundaries and the federal government should either give the settler the title in fee to these lands, or turn the lands containing water powers, coal minerals, etc. over to the states. The present policy is retarding development, and progress must soon cease unless it can be changed. The people should be given everj' opportunity to develop the country in which they live. As the state already owns the water, why should it not own the land also .'' All this land, with its coal and other deposits, should be turned over to the states, which alone have the power to take and to regulate the industries that may result from these natural resources. In the east all of this power is in private hands and has been from the beginning. If congress should now pass a law to fix and control the price of power on government land, it would not give the man who now wants to develop that power the' same chance that people had who have for generations been developing the power east of the Mississippi. Recently a large number of water powers have been withdrawn by the government in our territory. Practically all these powers along the Snake river have been thus withdrawn, and there are more along that river than along any other river in the country. Washington, Idaho and Montana wll develop much more rapidly than at present if given an opportunity. Men who are from New England and the east generally, where water power is plentiful, are almost daily looking our country over with a view to establishing manufacturing plants, if given the opportunity. Under existing regulations, which I hold are unlawful, these men cannot secure the land they must have if they are to develop power. Yet under the old law, which gave any person the right to select land and develop power, the water power of the east has been developed. Of the twenty-four millions horse power in the Columbia valley, only four hundred and fifty thousand is thus far developed. I have read magazine articles about the grabbing of this power. What we want is opportunity for any man in the United States to go to our country and get water. We do not want the country standing idle and the water running to the ocean, as it has been doing for countless thousands of years. The way to get wealth and revenue and cities and churches and schools into our country is to develop these water powers. Spokane, now a city of one hundred and twenty-five thousand people, has grown because it is built on a water power. There are many other water powers in that vicinity equally valuable, if they can be taken hold of. We ought to have cities of from fifty thousand to one hundred and fifty thousand people all over the territory, just as at Minneapolis there are three hundred thousand people largely due to the water power at St. Anthony's Falls.'

On various occasions J\Ir. Browne has been heard by the public on the discussion of this vital question and in 1880 was honored by election to the presidency of the newly organized Western Conservation League.

With all of his manifold interests and duties, Mr. Brownie is spoken of by his friends as an ideal home man. He was married in lola, Kansas, June 16. 187K to Miss Anna W. Stratton, a daughter of the Rev. H. W. Stratton, of that place. They are the parents of two sons and three daughters, as follows: Guy C, who wedded Caroline Mayer and has three children. Karl U., Marguerite and John J.; Earle P., who wedded Florence Littlefield. of Wenatchee, and has two daughters, Helen and Anne; Alta, the wife of Boyd Hamilton, by whom she has one child, Dale B., the family home being at Coeur d'Alene. Idaho: Irma S.. the wife of G. M. Ross, of Coeur "d'Alene, and the mother of one child. Alta Frances: and Hazel, the wife of E. M. Sweelev, of Twin Falls, Idaho.

In a review of the history of the northwest it will readily be seen that it is in no inconsiderable measure to the progressive spirit and effective labor of John J. Browne that Spokane county figures as one of the most attractive, progressive and prosperous districts of the state of Washington, justly claiming a high order of citizenship and a spirit of enterprise which is certain to conserve consecutive development and marked advancement in the material upbuilding of the section. He has never concentrated his attention upon his individual interests to the execution of public affairs. The subjective and objective forces of life are in him well balanced, making him cognizant of his own capabilities and powers, while at the same time he thoroughly understands his opportunities and his obligations. To make his native talents subserve the demands . which conditions of society impose at the present time is the purpose of his life, and by reason of mature judgment which characterizes his efforts at all times, he stands today as a splendid representative of the business man and capitalist to whom business is but one phase of life and does not exclude his active participation in support of other important interests which go to make up human existence.

Otto Scherini

Otto Scherini, who is a director of gymnastics with headquarters in the Peyton building, Spokane, was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on the 4th of June, 1859. His parents were P. H. and Lotten (Wihlborg) Scherini. The father served for many years as royal chaplain to the king of Sweden. His death occurred in ISgj'.

In his youth Otto Scherini was trained in the Imperial Naval Academy of Sweden, and served there in the capacity of midshipman. After a few years he was, however, forced to discontinue on account of being color blind. Some time after this he received the college degree of B. A., when he was nineteen years of age. At the Roj^al Central G3'mnastic Institute he went through several courses in gymnastics (medical and educational) and fencing. Later he followed his profession, as a director of gymnastics, in Stockholm ; London, England ; and came to New York in the early '80s. In 1892-93 he was instructor in fencing and massage at the Posse Gymnasium in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1893 he was awarded a prize at the World's Columbian Exposition, in Chicago, for excellency in freestanding g^-mnastics (Ling's system). In 1894 Mr. Scherini was appointed teaclier of educational gymnastics in the English schools of the Bermuda islands. During the years 1896-97 he belonged to the medical staff of the Metropolitan and Hahnemann Hospitals in New York city, giving lectures for the benefit of the training schools for nurses, attached to those hospitals. He also at that time wrote several articles on orthopedics for the "Medical Times," and other medical journals. In 1905 he came west, and located in Spokane, where he has since practiced.

The Ling Swedish system of gymnastics (medical, educational and military) has gained great vogue all over the civilized world, and as Mr. Scherini acquired his training at the Royal Central Gymnastic Institute of Stockholm, recognized as the leading gymnastic school in the world, his work in this country has been successful. His methods are along scientific and ethical lines, and he works in con-

Dr. Otto Scherixi

Director Scherini was married in Stockholm to Miss Elizabeth Lokrantz, on the 4th of November, 1905, Mrs. Scherini being the daughter of Axel and Elizabeth (Baroness von Diiben) Lokrantz. Thc}-^ have two children. Rose and Otto, Jr.

In politics Mr. Scherini is a republican, and fraternally he is connected with the Masons, having joined their order twenty-four years ago in Sweden. After over thirty years of work as fencing master, instructor in educational gymnastics and practitioner of mechano-therapy, massage and orthopedics, he contemplates to retire soon from actual practice. He is now president of the Sargent Medical Companj', incorporated in Spokane in December. 1911.

Thomas J. Pedicord

Thomas J. Pedicord, proprietor of the Pedicord Hotel, which is justly a popular hostelry of Spokane, essentially modern and conducted on the European plan, has in this connection built up a substantial business. He was born in Morgan county, Ohio, January 23, 1859, a son of Henry D. and Elizabeth (Brabham) Pedicord. The father was also a native of Morgan county and was of English descent. He served through the Civil war, being pressed into service and becoming mate on a war vessel. He died in 1897, having long survived his wife, who was also a native of Ohio and passed away in 1870. In addition to one son their family numbered three daughters: Mrs. Mary A. O'Neill, of Seattle; and Mrs. Susan A. Keane and Mrs. Edna Dunmore, both of Spokane.

With the removal of the family to Iowa during his childhood days, Thomas J. Pedicord pursued his education in the common schools of that state and followed farming to the age of twenty-six years, after which he entered the office of the county clerk, by whom he was employed for two years in Pottawattamie county, serving as a deputy. In the meantime he had engaged in teaching school for five terms and from his various experiences he learned valuable lessons of life that qualified him for advancement at a later period. After leaving the position of deputy county clerk be devoted a year and a half to merchandising and in 1889 came to Spokane. Since that time he has been closely associated with the development of the northwest and is widely known in this city as one of its progressive residents. He was engaged in merchandising here from 1889 until the spring of 1895, when he took charge of the Gillette Hotel, which was built by F. Lewis Clark two years previously, and up to that time had been run by Mr. Gillette. He renamed it the Pedicord Hotel in the spring of 1895 on taking charge. For three and a half years he was proprietor of this hotel, at the end of which time he disposed of his interest to William Watson and spent the succeeding two years in the Coeur d'Alene mines. All during that period the business had been continued under the name of the Pedicord Hotel. He returned in the spring of 1901 and in 1902 purchased the property of William Watson and has continued to conduct the hotel with gratifying success. He has added greatly to the building since he purchased it, increasing the original number of rooms from seventy^eight to one hundred and sixty-five. It is a five-story structure, one hundred and one by one hundred and eighty feet, extending from Riverside to Sprague avenue. It is essentially modern and is conducted on the European plan. The property is valued at from two hundred and fifty to three hundred thousand dollars and the Pedicord Hotel is known all over the country as a most popular hostelry. Mr. Pedicord puts forth every effort to insure the comfort of his guests, pays special attention to the cuisine and has many regular patrons among those who periodically visit Spokane. He has every reason to be proud of his hotel and the reputation which it bears. Aside from this Mr. Pedicord is interested in irrigation projects on the Columbia river and in the Spokane valley, owning property in both places.

On the 10th of October, 1888, occurred the marriage of Mr. Pedicord and Miss Minnie M. True, of Iowa, a daughter of Josiah True, a farmer of that state. Her father was of English descent and at the time of the Civil war espoused the cause of the Union. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Pedicord have been born three children, Lucille, Joseph and George. Mr. Pedicord holds membership with Spokane Lodge No. 228, B. P. O. E., and in Masonry his connections are with Spokane Lodge, No. 34, F. & A. M., and with the Eastern Star. He gives his political support to the republican party and is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, which indicates his active interest in various plans and projects for the development and improvement of Spokane and for the exploitation of its resources and opportunities. He is recognized as a typical citizen of the northwest, alert, progressive and determined, ever ready to lend his aid and cooperation to any movement that tends to advance the welfare and upbuilding of this great empire of the northwest.

Jerome L. Drumheller

Jerome L. Drumheller, engaged in the investment business at Spokane, has financed many important business projects and has thus contributed largely to the upbuilding and development of this section of the country, the history of which is yet in the making. The spirit of enterprise and progress which has been the dominant factor in bringing about the marvelous development of the northwest finds exemplification in his life, for he was reared in this locality and early became imbued with the desire for advancement that is manifest by almost every individual in the Pacific coast country. His birth occurred in Umatilla county, Oregon, in the Walla Walla valley, October 25, 1869, and while spending his youthful days in the home of his parents, Daniel M. and Susan (Warren) Drumheller, he attended the district schools near Milton, Oregon. He also prosecuted his studies in the Walla Walla Academy and in 1880 came to Spokane to enter the Rodney Morris Episcopal school, wherein he continued as a pupil until 1882. He was next matriculated in Spokane College, a Methodist institution, which has since passed out of existence. His more advanced training was received in the University of Washington, where he attended three years. He also graduated from the Healds Business College at San Francisco and in 1888 returned to Spokane, feeling that his educational training had given him the foundation for a successful business career. Such has proven the case, for every step that he has made has been a forward one. On his return to Spokane he entered the real-estate business, being its youngest representative in this city. He was successful, however, and promoted the development of many additions the most important of which was the Forest Park addition. He readily saw opportunities for promoting the city's gro^vth and adding to its commercial activities and, therefore, became interested in many other development projects and enterprises, particularly the street railway system. There are few men of the northwest who do not at some time or other become interested in mining and Mr. Drumheller has been no exception to the rule. In 1892 he became interested in mining in the British Columbia territory, operating in the Slocan and Rossland camps, his labors being attended with a substantial degree of success. In 1901 he went to New York city and for a period of five years made that city his headquarters, maintaining branch offices here and in various parts of the country. He operated very extensively in the oil fields of West Virginia and Ohio and he was also largely interested in mining in Missouri, but believing the west to be the country of largest opportunity and wishing to be near the many business enterprises with which he and his father were connected, he returned to Spokane in 1906. Since that time his efforts have been an effective element in the gradual business development and growth of this section of the country, man_y projects having been promoted and stimulated by him. He organized the Sandpoint Water Company, at Sandpoint, Idaho, and afterward purchased the Pend d'Oreille Electric Company at that place, acting as president of both for a time but later selling the electric plant. The water company furnishes the water supply for Sandpoint, Kootenai, and Ponderay. In addition to acting as president of the Sandpoint Water Company he occupies the same office in connection with the Copper World Gold Mining and Smelting Company. He is also secretary and treasurer of the Drumheller Land Company, owning immense tracts of farm lands and town-site property in Alberta, together with the town of Drumheller, situated on the Canadian Northern Railroad. He hkewise derives substantial profit from his large ranch holdings in Idaho and Alberta, and has realty interests in Spokane which include the Pioneer block, at the corner of Howard and Front streets, which is on the site of J. N. Glover's first store. In financing various enterprises he has not only promoted the individual success and prosperity of those connected with him but has also contributed in substantial measure to the welfare and progress of the sections in which he has labored. All things else being equal, the man of capital has the best opportunity- of proving his worth as a factor in the world's progress, for he has at his command resources which enable him to put into practical and tangible form his ideas and plans concerning business development.

In 1897 Mr. Drumheller erected the residence at No. 2506 Pacific avenue, which is now the home of himself and his wife. He was married January 22, 1896, to Miss Grace Child, a daughter of Sidney E. and Susan E. (Van Sickle) Child, of this city. He has attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite in Masonry and is a member of El Katif Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He also has membership relations witli the Spokane Lodge of Elks, the Spokane Country Club, the Spokane Club, and the New York Southern Club, of New York city. He is regarded as one of the leaders of the democratic party in Washington and was a delegate to tlie national convention at Denver and has served as treasurer of the last county, city and national convention fund in the state of Washington. Although frequently urged to become a candidate for high political office he has eschewed this entirely, but probably there is not a man of large private interests in Spokane that has felt more deeply concerned for the public welfare. It is true that his attention has been largely directed to the field of investment yet the range of his activities and the scope of his influence have reached far beyond his special field. He belongs to the class of men who wield a power which is all the more potent from the fact that it is moral rather than political and is exercised for the public weal rather than for personal ends. His aptitude and ability in achieving results, however, have made his cooperation constantly sought no less in political than in other circles.

John B. Sweatt

John B. Sweatt, identified with the building interests of Spokane since 1904, at which time he began contracting in this city, was born in Attala county, Mississippi, April 1, 1846. His father, James Sweatt, was a native of South Carolina. His ancestors came over with an old Dutch colony which settled in that state and built the dikes on the South Carolina coast to hold the water back and to irrigate the district. They were the first to raise rice on the American continent and the old dikes there built are yet in use. In the Indian wars in Georgia, James Sweatt did duty, serving as a captain of the state militia. Among his ancestors were those who participated in the Revolutionary war. He was quite prominent in the home district, holding office in both church and state. His death occurred in 1865, his wife surviving him for twelve years. She bore the maiden name of Melissa Sims and was born in Georgia, representing one of the old pioneer families of Irish-Scotch descent, members of which figured in the war for independence. Her death occurred in 1875. In the family were eight sons and eight daughters, the only surviving brother of John B. Sweatt being Turpen P. Sweatt, who is now living on the old homestead in Attala county, Mississippi, where his father settled sixty-five years ago. The three sisters living are: Mrs. M. E. Crow, of Attala county; Mrs. Cynthia Pierce, of Ranger, Texas; and Mrs. Julia Raney, also of Ranger.

In the common schools of his native county John B. Sweatt pursued his education and was reared as a farm boy, having the usual experiences of those who are reared amid rural surroundings. He turned his attention to the building business in his home county at the age of twenty years and after following that pursuit for two years removed to Chicago, where he remained for twenty years. During that time he engaged prominently in contracting and erected the Union depot at Canal and Adams streets, at that time the finest building in Chicago. He also erected several of the finest school buildings of the city and many of the best business blocks and residences. Later he removed to the upper peninsula of Michigan, where he continued in the contracting business until 1904 and during that period he built the Houghton courthouse, the Baraga county courthouse, three large hotels in Marquette, also the high school at Ishpeming and many of the finest hotels, school buildings and business blocks throughout that county. In January, 1904, he arrived in Spokane, where he has engaged in contracting to the present time. He has been connected with the construction of the better class of buildings, especially in school houses and business blocks, erecting the Audubon, the Frances Willard, the Sheridan, Roosevelt and Cooper schools and many others, including six of the parochial schools. Among the business blocks which he has erected is a part of the Crescent store, the Hinkle apartments, the Mission flats, the Weiser block, the Maloney block, the buildings of the Morris Packing Company and the Swift Packing Company, the Lomsky block, the Mechanics hotel, the C. H. Week block and many others. He has erected altogether here between three and four hundred buildings, putting these up independently on many occasions as a speculative builder. He still owns ten holdings as an investment. He is now engaged on the construction of a large schoolhouse at Kennewick and two buildings for the state at Medical Lake. His contracts for this year amount to about two hundred and fiftj' thousand dollars and he employs a large force of expert workmen and is accorded many of the leading contracts for building in the city. He is justly accounted one of the prominent constructive architects of Spokane and in addition to his building interests he has irrigated lands east of Spokane.

Mr. Sweatt was united in marriage to Miss Jennie E. Carlisle, of Chicago, and unto them have been born three children: Eva, now the wife of Elmer E. Troger, of Hinsdale, Illinois; R. C. Sweatt, who married Miss Jennie Odegard of Minneapolis and has offices in the Realty building, being regarded as a prominent architect of Spokane, representing the school board of the city professionally and also acting as chairman of the parade committee of the Enakops; and Elsie L. Sweatt, at home.

Mr. Sweatt gives his political allegiance to the republican party and was active as one of its members while residing in the Mississippi valley, representing the party in its state and county conventions and for fifteen years serving as chairman of the third ward in Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan. He belongs to the Inland Club and to the Chamber of Commerce and movements for the benefit and upbuilding of Spokane receive his indorsement and hearty cooperation. He is thoroughly imbued ivith the western spirit of progress and advancement, and his cooperation may always be counted upon to further any movement for the general good. At the same time he carefully manages his business interests and, basing his progress upon skill and practical experience, has gradually worked his way upward.

Royal S. Handy

Royal S. Handy, one of the substantial and enterprising residents of Kellogg, has since 1909 acted as mill superintendent for the Bunker Hill & Sullivan Mining & Concentrating Company. His birth occurred in Loveland, Colorado, on the 21st of September, 1880, his parents being Henry P. and Elizabeth (Cassidy) Handy. The father, a civil engineer by profession, made a specialty of irrigation engineering and engineered the first irrigation canal in Colorado north of Fort Collins.

Royal S. Handy obtained his education in the schools of Fort Collins, Colorado, and Nampa, Idaho, and in 1901 pursued a special course in tlie University of

California. When a youth of fifteen he began earning his own livelihood, assisting in railroad engineerng and mine surveying in southern Idaho, while subsequently he did assaying, surveying and mine bookkeeping at various properties in southern Idaho, eastern Oregon and California. In 1905 he came to Kellogg, Idaho, to take charge of the outside work of the Bunker Hill & Sullivan Mining & Concentrating Company. In 1909 he was made mill superintendent for that concern and has since discharged the duties of that position in a highly commendable manner.

On the 12th of April, 1904, Mr. Handy was united in marriage to Miss Jessie T. Palmer, a daughter of S. N. Palmer of Oakland, California, who is the superintendent of the Union Oil Company of Rodea, that state. They now have three sons, namely: Norman I., who was born on the 27th of May, 1905; Raymond P., whose natal day was March 13, 1907; and Royal P., whose birth occurred on the 23d of November, 1908.