Spokane, Washington - History, 1912 (part 1 of 23)

Graham Barclay Dennis

Continuous progress has characterized the career of Graham Barclay Dennis. His intellect early grasped the eternal truth, that industry wins, and industry became the beacon light of his life. Whatever he has undertaken has found him determined in execution and watchful of all opportunities pointing to legitimate success, and today he is prominently connected with most important corporation and business interests, being numbered among Spokane's capitalists. He was born in London, England, June 1, 1855, his parents being Mendenhall John and Sophia Dennis. His father, also a native of London, was a man of most liberal education and scholarly attainments, having been graduated from Oxford and Heidelberg Universities. He was a linguist of notable powers and his life was largely devoted to the work of the Presbyterian ministry. His wife was German descent and during the early boj'hood of their son Graham, they came with their family to the United States, first to Boston, Massachusetts, and finally settling in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Graham B. Dennis pursued his education in the public schools of the latter city until he reached the age of fourteen years, when he began learning the more difficult lessons in the school of experience. He was employed in both Cincinnati and in Dayton, Ohio, but a brief period sufficed to indicate to him how valuable is education as a factor in success. He therefore resumed his studies, pursuing a course in the year 1873-4 at Bethany College in West Virginia. In 1875 he became city editor of the Dayton (Ohio) Daily Journal and after two years spent in that capacity, was made business manager of the paper, which he thus conducted for two years. During the succeeding six years he was associated with different business enterprises in Dayton and brought his inventive genius into play in producing and successfully introducing an electrical postage-stamp canceller. In the further development of his business affairs, he became the head of the firm of G. B. Dennis & Company, comprising the organization of stock companies, stocks and discounts, and at the same time, he established, published and edited the Farmer's Home, an agricultural newspaper. His identification with the northwest began in May, 1885, at which time he arrived in Spokane, the same year becoming actively interested in real estate and mining, and in the publication of the Spokane Miner, a sixteen-page paper devoted to the mining interests of the northwest, which at that time were in their infancy. He likewise organized the Muscovite Mica Mining Company, in which he enlisted Chicago capital, to develop the great mica mines in Idaho. In 1887 he built in Spokane the first electric railway of the northwest, and the first west of Chicago, known as the Ross Park Street Railway Company, of which he was for two years the president. One of the largest enterprises with which he has been closely associated was the organization of the Old Dominion Mining & Milling Company for the development of properties in Stevens county, and of which company he is still the president. He has the ability that enables him to see the possibilities in a project of large proportions and to direct its interests in the best possible manner toward securing results desired. Upon the organization of the Northwestern Mining Association, on the 2nd of October, 1895, he was chosen its president and continued in that position for several years. In the following year he was made its delegate to the parliament of British Columbia at Victoria, and had the distinction of successfully opposing the proposed two per cent tax on the gross output of the British Columbia mines. In 1897 he was one of the committee appointed by the international mining congress to prepare a revision of the federal mining laws, and in that connection was instrumental in drafting the memorial to the United States congress. His mining interests have brought him into active association with various companies, invariably holding the position of president. In 1898 he was chosen president and treasurer of the Insurgent Gold Mining Company of Republic, Washington, and still retains that position. Mr. Dennis has for many years been a director in the Exchange National Bank of Spokane, and president of the Warehouse & Realty Company, a one million dollar corporation.

While his private business interests have been extensive and of a most important character, Mr. Dennis has also been connected with various enterprises of a public or semi-public character, which have become valuable and significant features in the development and upbuilding of the northwest. From 1886 until 1888 he was a member of the city council of Spokane and aided in shaping its formative policy during that early period. In 1890 he became a member of the board of public education and served as chairman of its committee on buildings, constructing the first high school and five district school buildings in Spokane. In the same 3^ear, he became the organizer and first vice president of the Spokane Industrial Exposition, which did much to stimulate trade and business conditions in this part of the Inland Empire. For a number of years, he served as one of the trustees and as a member of the executive committee and treasurer of the Jenkins University. The foresight and untiring efforts of Mr. Dennis, resulted in 1902, through him as the author, in the formation of the Publicity Committee, an important organization comprising the representative citizens of Spokane. Its work has been extensive in making known world-wide, through the daily press and magazines, the resources and advantages of Spokane and the Inland Empire, the expense of exploiting the resources of the country amounting to forty thousand dollars a year. Mr. Dennis' firm faith in the country and its future constitutes his inspiration for the work in which he has been engaged in spreading broadcast a knowledge of the country and promoting specific interests and projects which have had important bearing upon its material growth and progress.

On the 20th of ^lay, 1879, Mr. Dennis was united in marriage to Miss Hester L. Bradley, a daughter of Captain John Bradley, and to them have been born a son and two daughters ; Howard B. who married Josephine Wilhelm ; Essie Mernie, the wife of Edward R. Dickson; and Julia B., the wife of Roy C. Lammers, by whom she has one child, Graham Dennis Lammers.

While most important and extensive business and public connections have claimed the attention of Mr. Dennis, yet it is not as a financial success that his character appeals most to those who have known, and still know him; nor is it his genial and warm-hearted manner that has earned him enduring friendships. It is his broad-minded, public spirit, his fearless initiative in undertaking public work and his indomitable energy in carrying worthy projects to a successful culmination, that command the deep regard of his fellow citizens. Among his public acts were liberal subscriptions to various important enterprises - bonuses to secure projected railways, contributions for parks, hospitals, schools. And he was not a subscriber alone, but a leader and coworker in advancing worthy movements, giving of his time and brain, as well as of his financial resources, to make for a greater city and a grander commonwealth. His unfailing generosity, his zeal for work and his executive ability have entailed on him endless service as chairman of committees for public purposes, and have brought him honors the more dignified because conferred on him, by whom preferment has never been sought.

The most recent, and the crowning honor of his lifetime, was tendered him on September 26, 1906, on the occasion of his election by acclamation to the distinction of the first presidency of the Pacific Northwest Development League, a public enterprise conceived by the representative men of four sovereign states, to promote their common interests.

The spirit that has characterized the entire career of Mr. Dennis has considered first, good citizenship ; thereafter, reasonable concern for private interest. And only too often the private interests have suffered, to promote the common weal. Such a character is more than a good citizen; he is a public benefactor - a type that free America, perhaps, has developed in more generous plenty than any other country.

James Monaghan

Inseparably interwoven with the history of Spokane is the name of James Monaghan, who from the time that he first arrived here in frontier days down to the present time, has left his impress upon the substantial development and upbuilding of the western empire. Today he is a leading factor in financial circles and at different times he has been closely associated with the mining interests and railroad building of the northwest. His birth occurred in Belturbet, Ireland, September 22, 1839, his parents being John and Mary Ann (O'Riley) Monaghan of that place. He was the youngest of three children and was only three years of age when left an orphan. He afterward made his home with his maternal grandparents until seventeen years of age, when the interesting reports which he heard concerning the United States led him to sever home ties and cross the Atlantic to the new world. He took up his residence with his brother, a New York physician, with whom he remained for some time but he heard the call of the west and in 1858 made the trip to the Pacific coast by way of the isthmus of Panama, reaching Vancouver on the Columbia river in ]May. His financial condition rendered it imperative that he gain immediate employment and he secured a position in connection with the operation of a ferry on the Des Chutes river near The Dalles, Oregon. He was also employed in connection with the sailboats of the Upper Columbia, which in those days controlled the traffic, and he secured a position on the Colonel Wright, which was the first steamboat that sailed on the Columbia from Wallula to Calilo. He was also connected with the operation of a ferry across the Spokane river about twenty-one miles below the present city of Spokane, and finally purchasing it, continued in that business until 1865, when he built the bridge over the river, which is now known as the La Pray bridge, named in honor of Joseph La Pray, who purchased it from Mr. Monaghan. While thus engaged Mr. Monaghan planted the iirst apple trees in Spokane county. His name is associated with many of the "first events" and his labors have given impetus to various lines of activity which have constituted the foundation upon which the present progress and prosperity of the city and county rests.

Since first coming to Washington Mr. ISIonaghan has spent practically his entire time in this state. In 1869 he became identified with the business interests of Walla Walla and while living there in 1871, was married. Immediately afterward he removed to what is now Chewelah, in Stevens county, although at the time there was no town and the work of settlement had scarcely been begun in that part of the state. He purchased land from the Indians and conducted a trading business, ultimately founding the town. In 1873 he became a merchant of Colville, then the principal town of northeastern Washington and also secured the government contract for handling mails and furnishing supplies to the troops. His activity later included public service of an important character. He filled the office of county superintendent of schools, county commissioner and justice of the peace, discharging his duties with a promptness and fidelity that won him the commendation of all concerned. He also made arrangements with the quartermaster's department for moving supplies and equipment from Colville down the Columbia river to Foster Creek, now Bridgeport. When the survey of the river was made by Lieutenant Symonds, of the United States army, the name of Monaghan Rapids was given to that portion of the stream near the mouth of the Nespelem river. He made the transfer of the government property and supplies from the army camp at Lake Chelan across the country to the site of Fort Spokane, and finding Walla Walla a more convenient place from which to conduct his business operations he removed his family to that city, which had been the early home of his wife. The frontier post of Spokane was established in 1882 and Mr. Monaghan became the post trader, and at the same time became associated with C. B. King. Both were equally interested; Mr. Monaghan conducted the store at Fort Spokane and Mr. King the store at Fort Sherman, on Lake Coeur d'Alene. In 1883, following the discovery of the mines, he was associated with Mr. King and others in putting on the first steamers on the Coeur d'Alene and also laid out the city of that name. The following year they built the first wagon road from Kingston to the Murray mining camp and also made the original survey for an electric road from Coeur d'Alene to Spokane. Selling his interests to D. C. Corbin and others in 1886, Mr. Monaghan then returned to Spokane, where the family home has since been maintained, although at different times business interests have called him into other districts. He was one of the organizers of the corporation which in 1888 began the building of the Spokane Falls & Northern Railway, having the line surveyed the following year, after which Mr. Monaghan sold his interest to Mr. Corbin. He was also one of the original owners of the Cariboo Gold Mines in British Columbia, personally superintending the work and was president of the company until 1898, when he sold his stock. The financial panic of 1893 caused him severe losses but with indomitable courage and energy he has recovered from these and is today one of the substantial citizens of Spokane, where in financial circles he is well known as a director of the Union Trust Company and also of the Traders National Bank.

Ames Monaghan Spokane And The Inland Empire 11

It was on the 30th of November, 1871, in Walla Walla, that Mr. Monaghan was married to Miss Margaret McCool, a daughter of Robert and Margaret McCool, and a native of Donnamore, County Donegal, Ireland. She was born August 12, 1852, and her death occurred in Spokane, April 22, 1895, her loss being deeply deplored by many friends as well as her immediate family, for her attractive social qualities and kindly spirit had endeared her to all who knew her. Mr. and Mrs. Monaghan were the parents of six children: John Robert, born in Chewelah, March 26, 1873, and who died near Apia, Samoa, April 1, 1899; Margaret Mary, whose birth occurred in Colville, January 31, 1876; Ellen Rosanna, who was born at Fort Spokane, November 12, 1885; James Hugh, who was born in Spokane, November 10, 1888; Agnes Isabel, born November 9, 1891, in Spokane; and Charles Francis, who was also born in this city, August 12, 1894.

In the development of Spokane James Monaghan has taken a most active and helpful part and is still alert to the opportunities of promoting the growth and substantial improvement of the city. He was one of the fifteen freeholders who drafted the new charter of Spokane in 1891 and was chosen city commissioner. He came to the west when the Indians were more numerous than the white settlers, when hardships and dangers were the lot of every pioneer but he recognized the opportunities of the new country with its undeveloped resources and taking advantage of these he has steadily advanced in the business world, making a most creditable record in the management of his affairs and in the attainment of success as the years have gone by. At the same time he has been closely associated with the public life of the community in the support of projects and measures for the general good and he stands today as one of those sturdy citizens who have been the builders of the great state of Washington.

John Robert Monaghan

A crisis ever tends to bring out the true characteristics of an individual : it vnW show the weakness of one and the strength of another, for the spirit of courage responds wherever there is need. We are led to this train of reflection through contemplating the life record of John Robert Monaghan, whose valor and nobility of charatcer have placed his name on the roll of heroes of whom America has every reason to be proud. He had been reared upon the frontier where men were rated by their true worth and where the best and strongest in men is brought out and developed. His birth occurred at Chewelah, Stevens county, Washington, March 26, 1873, his parents being James and Margaret (McCool) Monaghan, of whom mention is made elsewhere in this volume. His parents desired to give him superior educational advantages under the auspices of the church to which they belonged, but the facilities for Catholic instruction were limited in Washington in those days, so that the boy at the age of eleven was sent to the school of the Christian brothers - St. Joseph Academy, at Oakland, California. He attended that school and also another brothers' school in Portland, Oregon, until the Jesuit Fathers established Gonzaga College in Spokane in 1887. He was then enrolled as one of the first eighteen students and after four years spent in that institution he took the examination held in Spokane in 1891 for the Military Academy at West

Point and the Naval Academy at Annapolis, receiving the highest percentage in each of these examinations, so that he was entitled to make his choice of appointments. Although it was his original wish to go to West Point, he generously waived that preference in favor of the next applicant, the son of an old army officer who heartily desired the appointment.

John R. Monaghan then entered the Naval Academy, from where he was creditably graduated in 1895, being the first representative of the many from the state of Washington to graduate from that school. His experiences as a member of the navy were interesting and varied and were notable by reason of his unfaltering loyalty to duty on every occasion and in every situation. He first went upon a two years' cruise in the Pacific on the flagship Olympia, during which time he visited the Hawaiian Islands, Japan, China and other ports in Asia. Later he received his commission as ensign and was assigned to the Monadnock and afterward to the Alert, both also of the Pacific squadron. On the latter vessel in the fall of 1897 and the early part of 1898 he made two successful voyages to Central American ports, engaged in survey work in connection with the proposed Nicaragua canal. After being transferred to the Philadelphia he participated in the ceremonies at Honolulu, attending the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands, in August, 1898. He next made a brief cruise in Central American waters but returned in January, 1899, and anchored in the harbor of San Diego, California.

While there Mr. Monaghan was visited by the members of his family. Some time before his father had urged him to leave the navy and engage in business, but the Spanish war was then in progress and he felt it his duty to continue in the service. Again reaching San Diego the father urged him to resign, but at this junction came the news of serious troubles in Samoa, affecting American interests, and the Philadelphia was ordered to proceed thither with all dispatch. Reaching Apia early in March, it was found that the situation was an acute one, the two rival chieftains, Malietoa and Mataafa, contending for supremacy. The three signatories to the Berlin agreement, respecting Samoa, the United States, England and Germany, were all represented by warships in the harbor. The decision of the American and English commanders made Malietoa king, and Mataafa was ordered to disperse his forces but defied the injunction and continued hostilities. Troops were accordingly landed from American and English ships, and on the 15th of March a bombardment was begun which lasted intermittently for two weeks, but had only slight effect, the enemy retiring into the bush. On the 1st of April a concerted movement was made by the allied land forces. Lieutenant Lansdale of the Philadelphia commanding the American party with which Ensign Monaghan had been serving since it had been put ashore. The march was through a densely wooded country, where Mataafa's men were in ambush in large numbers. The following account of this encounter has been given: "Under a deadly fire which could not be replied to with advantage, especially as the only piece of artillery (a Colt automatic gim ) brought by the marines had become disabled, a retreat was sounded. While this was in progress Lansdale received a wound in the leg, shattering the bone. In the confusion of the retreat he had been left in the rear, with only Monaghan and three or four privates. He was carried some distance, when one of the privates was shot to death, and soon afterward the others fled, leaving Monaghan alone with him. Although urged repeatedly by Lansdale to save himself (as testified by the last of the men to leave), he steadily refused and stood his ground, awaiting assistance. Presently others who had been in the rear came up and in their turn departed. The next day the bodies of Lansdale and Monaghan were found lying together in the jungle. Captain White of the Philadelphia in his official report wrote: 'It is in evidence most clear that when Ensign Monaghan discovered that Lieutenant Lansdale was wounded he used his best endeavors to convey him to the rear and seizing a rifle from a disabled man made a brave defence ; but undoubtedly he fell very shortly after joining Lansdale, and the hostiles, flushed with success, bore down on our men in this vicinity. The men were not in sufficient numbers to hold out any longer and they were forced along by a fire which it was impossible to withstand. But Ensign Monaghan did stand. He stood steadfast by his wounded superior and friend, one rifle against many, brave man against a score of savages. He knew he was doomed. He could not yield. He died in the heroic performance of duty.' "

The remains of Ensign Monaghan were brought back to the United States on the Philadelphia and interred in Spokane, where every honor was paid his memory. On the 25 th of October, 1906, a bronze statue was unveiled in Spokane, by his sister, Agnes, which was given by the citizens of the state of Washington. The torpedo boat destroyer which was launched February 18, 1911, was named in honor of Ensign Monaghan and his sister, Nellie, christened the boat. A life of great promise was terminated when in that tropical country he closed his eyes forever in death, after displaying a heroic devotion to his commander and to the cause which he served that is unsurpassed in the history of military action among American troops. It has been said that "Memory is the only friend that grief can call its own." It is indeed a precious memory that remains to the parents, for there was never a blot on his scutcheon, and the story of his heroism may well serve as an inspiration to the American youth.

Rev. H. L. McCulloch, S. J., has recorded the life history in a book, which he wrote and published and following we quote some of the excerpts:

Father Forestier says : "During this war many events have caused us pain and grief and many a wound has been left on our hearts, but perhaps the one we have felt most acutely and which is the most indelible is the death of Ensign Monaghan."

Cadet Sweet says: "Monaghan's death is especially a personal loss to me, as we had been close 'companions in these trying events. I have lost a brother, tried and true."

Mr. Justice Gordon, speaking at Olympia, in Robert's native state, on the Fourth of July, exclaimed: "You will search history in vain for the record of any act of bravery to excel that of Spokane's Ensign Monaghan at Samoa, presenting as it does to the world an object lesson in heroism and friendship. Such an act perfumes the pages of history and renders it enchanting, and wherever language is spoken or history is written, his name shall shine on, like the stars of God, forever and ever."

Admiral B. H. McCalla, then captain, in the U. S. Navy, renders a splendid tribute to our hero. At that time having been asked to tell of the most inspiring deed of ship or man that ever came to his notice, to stimulate interest in naval affairs, he said: "In reply I beg to state that I know of nothing finer, or more courageous, or more heroic, than the act of Ensign J. R. Monaghan, who on April 1st, last, while attached to the Philadelphia, and forming one of a landing force in Samoa, alone

Ex-Senator Wilson says: "The nobility of this young hero shone forth. In front of him was certain death. Behind him a sure avenue of escape. But at his side, begging him to save himself, while there was yet time, lay his superior officer and friend. He never wavered. His high sense of duty and that great moral courage with which he was endowed, would not permit him to desert his post in the hour of danger. Lieutenant Lansdale begged him to retreat and save himself. This he would not do, and bravely and manfully he stood, defending at the peril of his own young life, the fast ebbing life of his commander and friend. Calmly and deliberately he waited the onset of his savage foes, and with empty revolver and cutlass in hand, he died, as was his wish to die, with his face to the foe in defense of his friend, his flag, and his country."

Father Paul Dethoor, S. J., says: "Ensign Monaghan shall live in the memory of America and England, in the memory of Gonzaga and Annapolis, and in the hearts of his countrymen. But our greatest consolation is, thanks to the Christian education given him by his parents and teachers, that his death crowned a life of unswerving fidelity to the principles and duties of his religion. We know that human glory can not reach beyond the grave, but that only a life of faith is available before God. Such was the life of young Monaghan."

Captain James Graham

Often it has been said that deatli loves a shining mark, and this finds its exemplification in the fact that Captain James Graham was called from the scene of earthly activities when a comparatively young man of forty years. His career had been marked by steady and continuous progress resulting from the wise use of his time, his talents and his opportunities, and gradually he had advanced from a humble position in the business world to one of prominence, not only in the control of individual interests but also as a factor in public thought and opinion for he held advanced views upon many questions which are now regarded as of vital and significant interest in the liistory of the country.

He was born December 25, 1866, in Crossreagh, County Monaghan, Ireland, and at the age of twelve years accompanied his parents to America. They made their way at once to the west, settling in Walla Walla, Washington, where they remained for a short time and then removed to Colville, this state.

For a time Captain Graham was a mail carrier, his route being from Colville to Spokane, Washington, and then he entered the employ of Louis Ziegler, a hardware merchant, securing this position through the influence of his uncle, James Monaghan, a very wealthy and influential resident of Spokane, who felt a deep interest in James Graham, his favorite nephew, with whom he largely took the place of father. After two years spent in the employ of Mr. Ziegler, Captain Graham entered the service of his uncle, Mr. Monaghan, who at that time was a post trader at Coeur d'Alene. He served in various capacities, his constantly developing ability winning him recognition in successive promotions. He acted as purser on the boats on the Coeur d' Alene lake and river, and also had charge of the office at the old mission, looking after supplies sent to the army post and mines. He was at different times expert accountant for several mining companies as well as for S. S. Glidden and the Liebes of San Francisco.

In 1894 Captain Graham was appointed registrar of the United States land office at Coeur d' Alene, a position which he held during the succeeding four years. During that time he devoted the hours which are usually termed leisure to the study of law, being advised at times concerning his reading by the Hon. Robert E. IMcFarland, who was then attorney general for the state of Idaho. Captain Graham's preliminary education had covered perhaps not more than six months' instruction in the public schools. He was truly a self-educated as well as selfmade man. He possessed a responsive mind and retentive memory, and from each experience of life learned the lessons it contained. Moreover, he read broadly and thought deeply, and thus laid the foundation for the study of law, displaying notable ambition and courage in his efforts to educate himself for the legal profession under circumstances and conditions which would have utterly disheartened many a man of less resolute spirit and determination. In 1897 he was admitted to practice before the supreme court of Idaho and entered upon the active work of the profession in which he would undoubtedly have attained an eminent position had death not claimed him. In the year in which he began practice - 1897 - he was appointed by Governor Stuenburg as one of the delegates to the Trans-Mississippi Congress.

Captain Graham had already become prominent as a factor in political circles. It was but natural that a man of his temperament and studious disposition should become deeply interested in the political situation and conditions of the country and take active part in supixjrt of such measures and movements as he deemed valuable factors for public progress. He became one of the most notable campaign speakers of the northwest and often went outside the state limits in aid of his party. His appointment to the Trans-Mississippi Congress was in recognition of his broad knowledge of matters which would naturally come up for discussion there. The meeting was held at Salt Lake City, Utah, in July, 1897, on which occasion Captain Graham made one of the most notable speeches heard in the congress, in which he advocated reciprocity, to which at that time very little thought was given. On that occasion he said: "I have never been more impressed with the greatness of my country and the genius of its founders than when I look at this congress and reflect upon the vast area it represents - not a section but an empire ; a country greater in extent, more prolific in the possibilities of her productions, than the Roman empire at its extremest extent. I am also mindful of the fact that, had we clung with the pertinacity which it deserved to the line of 5-1 - 40 embraced in the Louisiana purchase, instead of accepting the '19th parallel, we now would have had the vast mineral region of British Columbia. This empire was the result of a purchase of eleven millions.

"The relation that the Trans-Mississippi occupies, and particularly the state which I represent, to that disputed area north of the 49th parallel and south of 54 - 40 is of peculiar moment. I verily believe that had the genius of Jamestown landed in Sail Francisco bay and the genius of Plymouth Rock at the mouth of the Columbia, it would have been centuries before the settlers of America would have crossed the Sierras and the Rockies to settle the wastes and plains.

"Nine years after '49 the sons of California were opening up to the world the interior of British Columbia, Cariboo and Eraser river. This influx showed the possibilities in the production of the precious metals, and the reflex led to the wonderful discoveries of Idaho, Montana, Washington and eastern Oregon. I hazard the assertion that had it not been for these adventurers, the wonderful possibilities of that section would never have been shown to our cousins on the other side of the line marking British Columbia.

"Our English cousins have, in my humble judgment, established a wise system of mining legislation, and have cut off that thing known as 'extra-lateral rights," and every encouragement is given to the foreigner. The only requirement is that the prospector take out a free miners' license, costing five dollars, and renew it each year.

"The result of this in the last four years has been astounding. From Trail to Kootenai and from the line to Cariboo the eye is everywhere fretted with the mineral stake. The American miner has been everywhere. The minister of mines reports the silver production in British Columbia in 1895 at $977,229 and in 189fi at $2,100,000, despite the low price. The copper in 1895 was worth $47,612 and in 1896 $169,926. Lead in 1896 amounted to $721,384, coal to $2,818,962 and gold to $1,788,206. The influx of American capital and American miners in that region has increased the total value of all mining products from $2,608,608 in 1891 to $7,146,425 in 1896. All the large mines, the Le Roi, Slocan Star, the Reco and others are owned, opened and developed by Americans. In 1896 in Spokane, Washington, three hundred and sixty-three companies were organized With a total capital of $300,925,000, for operation in the mines of British Columbia, and Americans have put their capital into railroads and smelters there.

"With this data, what is our true policy to this American section situated in a foreign country that should belong to us ? What is the best policy to protect American rights and interests there? Our English cousins mean to be just but hostile legislation here brings retaliatory measures there. Can we, or should we, place a high protective tariff upon ores from that country which naturally seek an outlet through ours ?

"If a tariff is forced upon them they will retaliate with an export duty on the rich gold and copper ores, keeping them away from our smelters. Reciprocity should be cultivated, but under it we are stared in the face with the fact that our reciprocity can only be with England, which means that free trade with England would be extorted from us. Again, I cannot see where lead ores need any protection. In the Coeur d'Alenes six miles, almost contiguous, produce more in tonnage and value of lead-silver ores than all of British Columbia, and I have never found how a tariff on lead has ever helped these people. In 1886 to 1889, without a tariff on lead, their ores brought six cents per pound; with a tariff of one and one-half cents, - under Harrison, lead fell from three to four cents per pound.

"As to our commercial relations: Our cereals and garden produce these people must have, and a schedule of prices can be arranged under the genius of reciprocity. The whole policy is to avoid unfriendly relations with these peculiar people who are more of and for us than they are for the English or the English manufacturer. If, however, unfriendly legislation on our part should breed hostile legislation on theirs, and the miners' license sliould be abrogated, and Americans were com- pelled to abjure their allegiance in order to invest their money, let us remember that this energy would invite the adventurous to the fields south of the line under our own flag.

"Let us frame those laws wliich will secure for us the realization of the 'manifest destiny' of the American people. Their destiny has guided them to the west, and the reflux has swept them north and south and will not be consummated imtil Columbia shall stand upon her own waterways through the isthmus in Central America and can claim in one vast homogeneous people the entire area from her waterway in the isthmus to 54 - 40."

This speech of Captain Graham naturally drew to him the attention and interest of prominent men throughout the country and would undoubtedly have paved the way to positions of high honor had he been spared to accept such. In the following year - 1898 - when the Spanish-American war broke out, his services were deemed so valuable that he was tendered the office of major of the First Idaho Infantry by Governor Stuenburg, but as he felt others were better qualified for the position than himself he declined to accept. He did, however, accept the position of quartermaster for the regiment with the rank of first lieutenant, and after he had gained more experience in the field as a soldier in the Philippines, he was promoted to the captaincy of Company C, First Idaho Infantrj', which position he was filling when mustered out of service. He was elected county attorney of Kootenai county, Idaho, in 1900, and acted in that capacity imtil he resigned because of failing health. Soon after his return from the war he became ill and did not again recover his health, passing away on the 15th of August, 1906. In the meantime he had resumed the practice of law and also conducted some business interests, purchasing the water and light plant at Coeur d'Alene, which he reorganized and established upon a profitable basis.

It was on the 17th of February, 1896, in Spokane, Washington, that Captain Graham was married to Miss Teresa M. Kildea, a daughter of Patrick and Maria (Crowder) Kildea, of Fingal, Ontario, Canada. Mrs. Graham now occupies one of the handsome residences of Coeur d'Alene, commanding a charming view of Coeur d'Alene lake. The place is called Villa Glendalough, after a famous villa in County Wicklow, Ireland, the birth place of her mother.

Captain Graham was a member of the Elks Lodge, No. 228, of Spokane, and also held membership with the Catholic Order of Foresters at Walla Walla. His life was notable in its devotion to public and private duties. Unassuming in manner he was neither flattered by the honors of public office nor tempted by its emolument, preferring the more familiar duties within the range of his accustomed activities. On one occasion he was nominated by acclamation as democratic candidate for congress but declined to make the race, feeling he could serve his own and the people's interest better at home. He was endowed by nature with keen mentality, but the development of his powers was due to his o^vn ambition and utilization of every opportunity that presented itself. There were in him the qualities which enabled him to overcome difficulties and obstacles and make continuous advancement, actuated by a laudable ambition that recognized the obligations of the individual to choose only those things which are most worth while and which renders the life of each one of greatest service in the world's work.

James H. Taylor

James H. Taylor, mayor of Wallace and also manager of the Coeur d'Alene Iron Works of this city, was born in Bury, Lancastershire county, England, in 1869, and is a son of Timothy and Jemima (Mellowdew) Taylor. The parents emigrated to the United States in 1870, settling in Philadelphia, where the father passed away. The mother subsequently joined her son in Idaho, and since 1906 has been making her home in Wallace.

As he was only an infant when his parents brought him to the United States, James H. Taylor was reared in Philadelphia. When old enough to begin his education he entered the public schools of that city, remaining a student therein until he was thirteen. He then entered the woolen mills of his home city, working there until he was seventeen years of age when he was apprenticed to the millwright's trade. He worked at this for about two and a half years, when he applied himself two years to the trade of pattern making, following this occupation in Philadelphia until 1889. In 1890 he came west, first locating in Anaconda, working at his trade there and in Butte for two years; he went from there to the Snake river, taking up ranching. At the 'end of seventeen months he returned to Anaconda and resumed his trade, which he followed there and in Butte and also in Colorado until 1896. In the latter year he came to Wallace, remaining one year and then went east for about one year. In 1899 he returned and leased the iron works which he has managed since. This company was incorporated on May 1, 1906, under the name of the Coeur d'Alene Iron Works, with Mr. Taylor as manager. They do a general foundry and manufacturing business and are the only concern of the kind in the northern part of Idaho, and have the largest plant of any similar company in the state. Under the competent management of Mr. Taylor they have greatly increased the scope of their activities which has necessitated increasing their capacity, and output as well as the number of their employes.

In June, 1911, Mr. Taylor was married to Miss Hadwig Sheave, a daughter of William Sheave of this city. Fraternally Mr. Taylor is a member of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, being affiliated with Wallace Lodge, No. 331, andalso of the Eagles. His political support is given to the republican party and he takes a deep interest in all municipal affairs. He was councilman from his ward for three terms and in April, 1911, was the successful candidate for mayor of the city, his period of office expiring in 1913. While discharging his duties as a representative of the citizens of his ward, he gave evidence of possessing rare capability and efficiency in matters of public trust, and thus far the same qualities have distinguished him as head of the municipal government.

James Alfred Wayne

James Alfred Wayne, who for the past three years has been county attorney of Shoshone county, is one of the brilliant and promising young members of the legal fraternity of Wallace. His birth occurred at Houghton, Michigan, on the 5th of December, 1880, his parents being Benjamin Franklin and Mary Ann (Quirk) Wayne, the father of American extraction, and the mother a native of the Isle of Man, but now a resident of Spokane. His father was one of those who

Spokane And The Inland Empire 23

Although a native of Michigan, James Alfred Wayne spent a large portion of his boyhood and youth in Iowa, acquiring his preliminary education in the public schools of Alta, that state. After graduating from the high school in 1899 he entered the University of Minnesota, where he pursued a law course, being graduated with the degree of LL.B. with the class of 1903. He was admitted to the bar soon thereafter and began his professional life as a member of the legal department of the ^linneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railroad, continuing in the service of this company until 1904. Believing that the west afforded a wider field and greater opportunities to a young man, Mr. Wayne then came to Wallace, where he established an office and engaged in general practice. Possessed of more than average capabilities, he soon won recognition by reason of his skill in untangling legal technicalities and discovering the minor points upon which the decision of a case so often hinges. Mr. Wayne is well qualified both by nature and training for the profession he has elected to follow, his keen mental faculties, fluency of expression and quick reasoning powers most ably serving him in all forensic encounters. In November, 1908, he was elected county attorney and reelected to the same office at the expiration of his term in 1910. During the period of his incumbency his manner of handling the county's cases has at all times met with the full expectations of his constituency, serving not only to sustain but strengthen their confidence in the wisdom of their choice.

In September, 1910, Mr. Wayne was united in marriage to Miss Alice M. Wade, a daughter of James H. and Ella Wade of Mullan, Idaho, the parents being among the pioneer settlers of this section, having located here in 1884 and ever since making it their home.

Mr. Wayne is a stanch republican in his political views, deeming the policy of that party best adapted to sustain the highest interests of the majority. He is an active member of the Knights of Pythias, having passed through all of the chairs, and also of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, Wallace Lodge, No. 331. Besides his professional duties and official responsibilities, Mr. Wayne is now acting as secretary of The LaClede Mining Company and is vice president of the Amalgamated Stockholding Company of Wallace, while he served as a director of the Wallace National Bank of Wallace for one year. Although he has only passed his thirty-first year, in all of his various connections, both commercially and legally, Mr. Wayne has given conclusive proof of possessing those qualities that make the success of his career in almost any field assured.

John J. Nicholson

John J. Nicholson, present sheriff of Shoshone county, was born in Ireland, on the 9th of August, 1 860, and there spent the first eighteen years of his life. A desire to see the world and find the greater opportunities that he felt must be awaiting him somewhere prompted the young man to come to America, and in 1878 he took passage for the United States, landing in New York city. During the first few years of his residence in this country John J. Nicholson applied his energies to railroad con- struction work. In 1897 he decided to come west, locating in Wallace, where he turned his attention to mining and prospecting. He met with a fair degree of success in his undertaking and now is the owner of some very promising zinc claims on the west fork of Placer creek.

In 1905 Mr. Nicholson became a member of the city police force, serving in this capacity for three years. He discharged his duties with a fine sense of conscientious obligation, and in 1908 was appointed by Sheriff John F. Moffatt to act as his deputy. The ability he displayed in this connection brought him before the notice of the general community and at the next nomination his name was placed on the ticket as the democratic candidate for the office of sheriff. He carried the election and has been the incumbent of the office of sheriff since November, 1910, his term expiring in 1912. During the year of his service Mr. Nicholson has fulfilled the responsibilities of his department in a manner highly satisfactory to his constituency and the community at large.

Asbury Park, New Jersey, was the scene of the marriage of Mr. Nicholson and Miss Ella Burke, also a native of Ireland, the event occurring in 1882. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Nicholson there have been born four children, one of whom is deceased, those living are as follows: Mary, who was born in 1885, the wife of George A. Morrison, of Murray, Idaho ; Thomas, who married Miss Alamie Beal of Wallace, born in 1889; and Alice, who was born in 1892, the wife of Lawrence Carroll, of Wallace.

In his political allegiance, Mr. Nicholson has always been loyal to the principles of the democratic party, deeming its policy best adapted to subserve the interests of the nation. His fraternal relations are confined to his membership in the Loyal Order of Moose, of Wallace. Mr. Nicholson is one of the public-spirited, progressive citizens of the county, to the interests of which he is ever loyal, contributing his quota toward promoting its development on every possible occasion.

Edward Herbert Jamieson

The history and development of a city depends upon its progressive merchants, manufacturers and professional men - those who capably control important business interests and at the same time cooperate in the upbuilding and benefit of the city at large. Of this class Edward Herbert Jamieson was a representative. He ranked with the foremost business men of Spokane, was also classed with its publicspirited citizens and his investigation and research along various lines also won for him qualification with the scientists of the northwest. There was much of interest in his life record which began at Ambala, in the British East Indies, January 12, 1852, and closed at Spokane on the 21st of December, 1909. His parents were Jesse Mitchell and Elizabeth (McClary) Jamieson. On his father's side he was of Scotch and on his mother's of Scotch-Irish lineage. The former was sent as a Presbyterian missionary to India and after twenty-five years devoted to preaching the gospel to the people of that district he brought his family to the United States, establishing his home in Monmouth, Illinois, in 1863. There he accepted the pastorate of the First Presbyterian church and continued active in the ministry for a long period.

Spokane And The Inland Empire 27

While the family were residents of Monmouth, Edward Herbert Jamieson pursued his education there in the public schools and in Monmouth College, from which he was graduated with the B. A. degree in 1871, while three years later he received from his alma mater the Master of Arts degree. After his college days were over he spent some time in teaching school and was for several years principal of the high school in Keithsburg, Illinois. His early identification with business interests on the Pacific coast was in the capacity of educator, his first position being that of principal of the high school at San Jose, California. In the meantime he took up the study of law which he pursued in a thorough and systematic manner until admitted to the bar upon examination before the supreme court at San Francisco. In 1882 he removed to Spokane, the town, then in its infancy, containing only a small population yet having in its situation and natural resources the elements of its future greatness. He remained a resident of Spokane until called to his final rest, and during the early years of his residence here engaged in the practice of law. However, business interests gradually claimed his time and attention. He recognized and utilized the opportunities for judicious investment in property and eventually putting aside his law practice entirely gave his attention to the supervision of his realty interests. At an early period of his residence in Spokane he erected several business blocks, two of which were destroyed by the fire of 1889. In 1890 he erected the fine Jamieson building, at the corner of Riverside avenue and Wall street, which is still one of the ornaments of this city. He also owned much land in the surrounding country and his residence and estate, "Five Pines,' dear Piedmont, on the Spokane and Inland Railroad, ranks as one of the finest private places in the state.

Mr. Jamieson was first married to Miss Mattie A. Reid in 1876, who died in February, 1880, and they had one daughter, Mattie Mabel, who on September 7, 1901', married Norman Roscoe Totten, engaged in the real-estate business in Spokane. Two children were born to them, namely: Edward Jamieson Totten, born July '2, 1906; and Elizabeth M. Totten, born June 10, 1908. On July 4, 1881, Mr Jamieson was united in marriage at Boonville, California, to Mrs. Ida (Hoag) Haskins, a daughter of Dr. M. R. and Laura J. (Morgan) Hoag. They were both pioneers of Ohio, having come from Connecticut at an early age with their parents. Dr. Hoag was a noted physician of Ohio, and practiced surgery and medicine for ovei forty years at Lodi, Medina county, Ohio. Five children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Jamieson: Josephine Janette, living at home; Edward H., also at home; Artlmr M., who died in infancy; Evelyn Elizabeth, attending Wellesley College; and Irene Kathryn, attending high school in Spokane.

Mr. Jamieson was always regarded as a public-spirited citizen and his labors were an element for general progress and improvement although never in the path of office-seeking. He was especially interested in education and contributed liberally toward the establishment of Spokane College, serving as president of the college council at the time of his death. His own private library was one of the finest in the northwest and included many rare volumes, he being noted for his discriminating taste and appreciation as a collector. He was also a lover of nature and had comprehensive knowledge of botany. He was likewise fond of art, of music and of travel, and in fact was in close touch with all of those varied interests which are uplifting and beneficial forces in life. His friendship was ever deep and sincere and his hospitality cordial. His political allegiance was given to the republican party save at local elections, where he cast an independent ballot. He was one of the organizers of the Presbyterian church of Spokane and contributed liberally to its support. He was numbered among the few prominent business men who survived the financial panic of 1893, retaining an untarnished name. His contribution to the world's work and progress was a valuable one. While he won success it was never gained at the sacrifice of others' interests and never to the exclusion of activity along those lines which take men from the more sordid field of business into those paths of life which mean advancement and improvement. He knew the joy of life because he chose the things which count for most in intellectual advancement and character development.

John Berry Slater

Of sturdy Hollandish and Welsh descent John B. Slater, of Colville, has shown that he possesses many of the most notable traits of his ancestors and ranks as a leading attorney of eastern Washington. He has practiced at Colville for more than twenty years and is also extensively interested in business affairs. He is a native of Yreka, California, born April 10, 1860, a son of James and Sarah Jane (James) Slater. The parents were pioneers of the Pacific coast, arriving in the west early in the '50s. The mother died in 1867, when the subject of this review was seven years old, and the father passed away in 1901. The ancestors on the paternal side emigrated to America from Holland with Peter Stuyvesant in 1630 and the great-grandfather of our subject participated in the Revolutionary war. The mother's ancestors were of Welsh nationality and the first of the family to arrive in the new world settled in the Carolinas about the time of the Revolutionary war.

John B. Slater received his early education in the public schools of Oregon and attended Santiam Academy for two years, clerking in a drug store after school hours. At the age of twenty he went to Sprague, Washington, and for two years was connected with the coppersmith's department of the Northern Pacific Railway. He began business on his own account as a druggist at Heron, Montana, in 1883, and the year following, while still the owner of the store, went to the Coeur d'Alene mines in Idaho but remained there only a short time. After returning to Heron he closed out his business and went to Medical Lake, Washington, where he owned a drug store for one year. While at that place he purchased the Medical Lake Banner, a local newspaper, and four months later, on August 20, 1885, moved the outfit to Colville and changed the name of the paper to the Stevens County Miner, which he conducted for four years. This was the first regular newspaper published north of Spokane, in Stevens county. In February, 1886, Mr. Slater was. appointed postmaster of Colville by President Grover Cleveland and installed the first postoffice equipments in this place, including call and lock boxes. He filled the office of postmaster to the general satisfaction of the people for four years. In 1886, the same year in which he was appointed postmaster, he was elected probate judge of Stevens county, which then included territory which has been divided up into several counties. The office of probate judge he also filled for four years. In the meantime he had studied law and was admitted to tlie Washington bar in June,

1890. In the fall of the same year he was elected prosecuting attorney of Stevens county and filled that office for two years. He has ever since applied himself to the practice of his profession, in which he has been highly successful. For seven years past he has also been interested in the lumber and sawmill business. From the time of arriving at manhood Mr. Slater has been an ardent supporter of the democratic party and has been prominent in its councils. In 1888 he was secretary of the state territorial convention which assembled at Spokane and in 1901 was appointed by Governor Rogers as member of the state board of audit and control. In the latter part of 1901 he made a trip to California and remained in that state for several months, returning home in 1902.

On the 11th of September, 1889, Mr. Slater was married, at Lebanon, Oregon, to Miss Florence E. Ballard, a daughter of Dr. David W. Ballard. They have one son, Ronald Ballard, who was graduated in 1911 from the Colville high school. The parents of Mrs. Slater came to Oregon early in the '50s. Her father was graduated at the Cincinnati College of jMedicine and was very successful as a practitioner in the early days of Oregon and was acquainted with General U. S. Grant, when the latter was in command at Fort Vancouver. He served as governor of Idaho and superintendent of Indian affairs in that territory for seven years.

Mr. Slater is also numbered among the pioneers and now fills the office of secretary of the Stevens County Pioneer Association. He is also a member of the public and high school boards of Colville, these boards being separate organizations. Fraternally he is identified with the Masonic order and is past master of Colville Lodge, No. 50. He has taken the thirty-second degree and is a member of the consistory. He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Modern Woodmen of America, being a trustee of the local lodge in the orders last named. A man of great industry and perseverance, and possessing unusual public spirit, Mr. Slater has assisted very materially in promoting the welfare of the county and state and is one of the highly respected citizens of Washington. He has discharged his duties as a lawyer as well as those of a private citizen with the utmost fidelity and has set an example eminently worthy of imitation by old and young. It is men of this class that reflect credit upon the state and are truly deserving of the honor and esteem of their fellows.

Charles H. Putnam

Charles H. Putnam, superintendent of the shops of the Great Northern Railway at Hillyard for ten years past, comes of a noted family in America and in the course of a useful and busy life has displayed many of the qualities that made his ancestors famous. He was born at Fitchburg, Massachusetts, September It, 1868, a son of Henry O. and Sarah A. (Smith) Putnam, the former of whom was born January 10, iS'll. The mother died in September, 1899. ^Ir. Putnam is descended from John Putnam, who with his wife Priscilla emigrated from Abbot-Aston, England, in ]6.'54, and settled at Salem, Massachusetts. He was the great-grandfather of General Israel Putnam and an ancestor of Colonel Rufns Putnam, chief engineer of the American army during the Revolutionary war. Rufus Putnam's elder brother, John, spent his life at Sutton, Massachusetts, and was by trade a scvthe maker. His son John followed in the footsteps of his father and worked for several years at his trade in Peterboro, New Hampshire. He subsequently moved with his family to Hopkinton, and in that place Salmon W. Putnam was born December 10, 1815. At the age of eight years the son Salmon left home to earn his own living and worked for several years as bobbin boy in a cotton factory at New Ipswich. Later he obtained employment in a manufacturing establishment at Lowell, Massachusetts, and was appointed overseer of a spinning room when he was only seventeen years of age. Two years later he engaged in the machine business with his brother John at Mason Village, New Hampshire, and in 1838 opened a shop at Fitchburg under the title of J. & S. W. Putnam. He showed remarkable mechanical genius and among his inventions may be mentioned the universal or self-adjustable box and hanger, the feed rod for engine lathes, movable and adjustable table for upriglit drills, etc. He secured no patents upon his inventions and those devices were appropriated by others and have since come into general use. The machine shop was destroyed by fire on December 7, 1 8-i9, and the accumulations of ten years were swept away, there being no insurance. The next year, however, the shop was rebuilt. In 1858 Mr. Putnam organized a stock company under the name, of the Putnam Machine Company, of which he served as president and general manager during the remainder of his life. He was a remarkably fine mechanic and ingenious inventor and displayed unusual enterprise and ability in his business. He died oh the 23d of February, 1872, and is remembered not onlj' on account of his mechanical talents but as one of the leaders in the manufacture of machinery in New England. He was a thirty-second degree Mason, and a member of the commandery and shrine.

Mr. Putnam, whose name stands at the head of this sketch, received his early education in the public and high schools of Fitchburg and later became a student of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology-, graduating from that noted institution in 1889. He became an apprentice in the shops of the Putnam Machine Company and advanced through various grades until he was appointed chief draftsman of the engineering department. On account of over application his health gave way and he was obliged to retire from active work. He spent a year traveling and a similar length of time "roughing it" in Wisconsin. Having recovered his accustomed strength, he entered the employ of the Great Northern Railway at St. Paul as draughtsman in the office of the superintendent of motive power. His ability soon attracted attention and four months later he was appointed shop superintendent at St. Cloud, Minnesota, a year later being sent to Great Falls. ^Montana, in a similar capacity. Since 1901 lie has been in charge of the shops at Hillyard. The Putnam Machine Company, to which reference has been made above, is now the second largest concern of its kind in the country and Charles H. Putnam still retains an interest in it. The active management is under the control of the surviving sons and grandsons of S. W. Putnam, and George Rufus, our subject's brother, holds a position of trust in the company. In June, 1901, Mr. Putnam was married, at St. Paul, Minnesota, to Miss Mary B. Clark, a daughter of Charles H. and Martha (Pierce) Clark, and to this union two children have been born: Martha Clark, who is now attending the public schools; and Henry Homer, aged six years. Politically Mr. Putnam is in hearty sympathy with the republican party and religiously he adheres to the Unitarian faith. He has in a large measure inherited the mechanical talents of his ancestry and. as he is a good judge of liuman nature, he has been highly successful in the management of an important department giving employment to many men. He was fortunate in securing an excellent education and its advantages have been manifest in the ease with which he has solved luanj' problems arising in his work. As an enterprising and loyal citizen he is greatly respected, and the spirit of helpfulness with which he has ever been actuated has gained for him the confidence and good-will of his fellowmen.

William R. Baker

Minnesota has contributed many of her most prominent sons to Washington, who have ably performed their part in the great work of redeeming the forest and prairie and building up the business, financial, educational and religious institutions of this state. Among the number may be named William R. Baker, who for nearly three years past has filled the office of cashier of the Bank of Colville. He is a native of Hastings, Minnesota, and was born August 20, 1876, being a son of Charles A. and Helen S. (Rogers) Baker. The parents were pioneers of Minnesota, arriving in that region in 1856 during the territorial days. The father died in 1890 and the mother passed away in 1909.

William R. Baker, whose name stands at the head of this sketch, possessed advantages of education in the public schools of Hastings and later was a student for four years of the high school at St. Paul. In 1895 he went to San Jose, California, and engaged in fruit raising for nearly three years, coming to Colville, Washington, in 1897, where he was connected with the mercantile business for twelve years. He sold out January 1, 1909, and since that time has filled the position of cashier of the Bank of Colville, being also a member of the board of directors of that institution. He takes great interest in the study of financial matters and is now vice president of Group No. 1 of the Washington Bankers Association. He has attained a gratifying measure of success financially and is tlie owner of considerable real estate in Colville.

On the 10th of September, 1902, ]\Ir. Baker was married to Miss S. L. Cranney, a daughter of Thomas Cranney, and they have two children, William R., Jr., and Clement C. The father of Mrs. Baker was very prominent in earlier years in Washington. He was a member of the territorial legislature and of the state constitutional convention, also holding many county offices. In 1 871' he served as deputy grand master of Masons of Washington.

Mr. Baker also is greatly interested in the jNIasonic fraternity and has held most of the important offices in the various branches of the order in Washington. He is past master of Colville Lodge, No. 50, F. & A. M., past high priest of Colville Chapter, No. 20 R. A. M., of Colville; Spokane Council, R. & S. M.; a member of Cataract Commandery, No. 3, K. T.; Oriental Consistory, No. 2, Scottish Rite Masonry; and El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. He served as representative to the Grand Lodge in 1901, filling the office of chairman of the committee on representative expenses. He was junior grand warden of the Grand Lodge in 1906 and in June, 1909, was elected grand master of Masons of the state of Washington, a position which he occupied with great acceptance to members of the order for one year. He served as grand patron of the Order of the Eastern Star of Washington from 1901 to 1905 and is now a member of the Association of Past Grand Masters. In addition to his activities as a Mason he holds membcrshij) in the Odd Fellows and the Woodmen.

Politically he is an adherent of the republican part_v, whose principles he believes to be of great importance in the promotion of the prosperity of the country. He has served as delegate to state and county conventions but has declined all political offices except that of postmaster at Colville, to which he was appointed by President Mc- Kinley in 1900 and reappointed by President Roosevelt, filling the office to the entire satisfaction of the people until 1909. He was proffered the position of deputy bank examiner of Washington but declined this and other offices, preferring to concentrate his attention upon his business. He is a sincere believer in the Christian religion and is a member of the Congregational church of Colville. In the discharge of his many responsibilities Mr. Baker has shown an energy' and clearness of judgment which have reflected upon him and his associates the highest credit. A man of genial nature and pleasing address, his friends are numbered by the legion and, as he is known to be true to every trust, it requires no prophet to foretell his advancement to any position in the financial or business world to which he may aspire.

Patrick C. Shine

A remarkably successful career has been that of Patrick C. Shine since he entered upon the practice of law as a member of the Spokane bar. He was born in County Limerick, Ireland, December 25, 1863. His parents were Michael and Ellen (Conners) Shine, who sent their son to the hedge school of the locality, subsequently to the National village school at Athea, and finally he completed his education at the College and Civil Service Academy of Limerick city. He was bookkeeper for J. P. Newsom & Company of Limerick for three years thereafter.

He was one of a large family and in 1885, he came to America joining his brothers and father in Kansas City, Missouri, where he worked for a time as street car conductor for the Metropolitan Street Railway Company. He next entered the employ of the Union Pacific Railroad, and in 1887-8, filled the office of deputy county collector of Jackson county, Missouri, Ambitious to have broader opportunities in other fields, he took up the study of law during that period, devoting all of his leisure hours to the mastery of the principles of jurisprudence. On leaving the office of deputy county collector of Jackson county, he returned to the Union Pacific Railway as statistic clerk and assistant cashier at Kansas City and from that point was transferred to Huntington, Oregon, as cashier for the joint agency of the Oregon Short Line and Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company. Subsequently he filled various positions with the latter company in all its departments. In 1894 he came to Spokane where he was employed by the Union Depot Company.

Mr. Shine had no sooner become a resident of this city than he severed his residence relations with Kansas City which he always theretofore claimed as his home. Edwin McNeill, then president of the Iowa Central Railway, offered him a responsible position with that road, but Mr. Shine refused to leave the west and continued in his less lucrative position at Spokane. Edwin McNeill, who was then prospective reorganizer of the Union Pacific system with headquarters at Portland, promised him the position of superintendent of a prospective division between Spokane, Washington, and La Grande, Oregon. Meantime by and with the encouragement of the superintendent of the Union Depot, Mr. Shine became a member of the

Spokane And The Inland Empire 35

This affiliation changed his course completely and forced him into politics which became the stepping stone to his chosen profession. He was cashier and chief deputy county treasurer under George Mudgett for two consecutive terms. After he had successfully passed the required examination for admission to the bar, in January of 1899, he was appointed local counsel for his old employer, the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company. Later, at the instance of the legatees of the McNeill estate, he was appointed administrator with will annexed of the estate of Edwin McNeill, who died in New York. Other interests connected with his now extensive clientele have made him an official of various real-estate holding corporations. He has served as British Columbia Commissioner for the past ten j'ears. He was always active in politics and was chairman of the Peoples' Party central committee, chairman of the executive committee of the Fusion Party, composed of popvdists, democrats and silver republicans, in 1896, when John R. Rogers was elected governor of the state of Washington. Since then he has been mentioned for various appointive political positions, but he has never accepted one. At the present time he is not affiliated with any political organization, although he keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day and advocates such measures and principles as he believes will prove helpful in municipal and general government.

On March 15, 1904, Mr. Shine was married, at San Francisco, California, to Miss Mary Louise Gomm, a native of Savannah, Georgia, and they now have two children, Patrick and Mary. Mr. Shine belongs to the Spokane Club and is a life member of the Spokane Amateur Athletic Club. He believes that trusts and labor organizations are fundamentally the same in principle and that both should be controlled by federal regulations. He has the social qualities, the ready wit and attractive personality, characteristic of the people of the Emerald isle, combined with the ambition and enterprise so common in the west, and these qualities have made him popular as a man and successful as a lawyer.

Patrick J. Gearon

Patrick J. Gearon, who is treasurer of the J. F. Howarth Company and also has extensive property and mining interests in Wallace, was born in Illinois in 1862, His parents being John and Bridget (Hines) Gearon.

When Patrick J. Gearon was still in his infancy his parents removed to Iowa, and there he was educated and reared to manhood. He left the parental roof at the age of seventeen years and came west seeking his fortune, in common with many other lads. He first located in Jefferson, ]\Iontana, and was employed for a year in the Gold Quartz Mill at that point, after which he engaged to furnish the mill charcoal, and did so for eighteen months. In 1883, during the days of the first gold excitement, he came to the Coeur d'Alene mining district, subsequently going to Eagle City, Idaho, at the forks of the Pritchard and Eagle creeks, where he engaged in placer mining for five years. Later he continued his prospecting at both Burke and Mullan, this state, and there he also engaged for a time in the general contracting business. In June, 1890, immediately following the great fire, he came to Wallace and engaged in the saloon business until 1903, when he bought a half-interest in the Ryan Hotel, and has ever since been connected with this hostelry. When the J. F. Howarth Company was organized in August, 1911, Mr. Gearon was made treasurer. He is largely interested in many of the mining companies of the district and he is also owner of the Carter House property on Hotel street, Wallace.

On the 20th of November, 1891, Mr. Gearon was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Carter, a daughter of Daniel Carter of Minnesota. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Gearon there has been born one son, John, whose birth occurred in September, 1892.

Mr. Gearon is one of the capable business men of the city as well as one of the successful. Such prosperity as has been awarded him, must be entirely attributed to his own effort, as he started out as a youth with no capital save his own determination and inherent ambition to get along and by sheer force of will and energy he has attained his desire.

Thomas A. Le Page

Occupying an honored position in the commercial world, which he has earned through his wisely applied effort, Thomas A. Le Page may be named among the successful men of eastern Washington. He was for a number of years identified with the furniture business at Hillyard and as he possesses energy and sound business judgment his labors have met with gratifying returns. He was born at Carlton, Minnesota, a son of A. J. and Isabel (Nelson) Le Page, the former of whom was born in 1862 and the latter two years later. The family is of French and Scotch- Irish descent and the ancestry has been traced back for five centuries in France. Mr. and Mrs. Le Page were the parents of three children: Thomas A., of this sketch ; Floy, who is now completing her education in Europe ; and ^Marguerite.

In the public schools of Duluth, Minnesota, Thomas A. Le Page secured his early education. He came to Spokane with his parents in 1896 and prosecuted his studies further at Gonzaga College. After leaving this institution he entered the employ of Tull & Gibbs, furniture dealers of Spokane, and continued with this firm for five years, in the course of which time he gained a good practical knowledge of business which he has been able to apply to excellent advantage. After severing his connection with his employers Mr. Le Page assisted in organizing the Moore & Le Page Furniture Company of Hillyard, which began under favorable auspices and proved a success from the start. Two years later he sold out and organized the Hillyard Furniture Company, of which he was the head for five years. He then sold out once more and subsequently organized the Le Page Furniture & Hardware Company, which is now one of the flourishing concerns of Hillyard and, being conducted according to up-to-date ideas, gives promise of even more satisfactory returns in years to come. He is also financially interested in other mercantile establishments of the city but devotes all of his time to his furniture and hardware business. He marches in front rank of those who have at heart the welfare and progress of the city and as one of Hillyard's boosters was instrumental in founding the Chamber of Commerce, of which he acted as the first president. Mr. Le Page has applied himself with marked success to mercantile pursuits and has also devoted his attention to mining, being at the present time interested in valuable properties in the Priest Lake copper country.

In politics Mr. Le Page is independent, preferring to support the individual rather than to cast his ballot in behalf of any political organization. He takes an active interest in the election of competent men to office and recognizes that a public official should exercise the same energy and good judgment in the discharge of his duties as in private affairs. A member of the Knights of Columbus and Red !Men, Mr. Le Page can claim many friends in those orders. He has gained a prominent place in the estimation of his associates and the public, and richly deserves the good-will of the people, irrespective of political or other affiliations.

Charles Adams

One of the enterprising younger members of the business circles of Colville is Charles Adams, vice president of the Colville Loan & Trust Company and the Bank of Chewelah, in addition to wliich he is financially interested in other activities of Stevens county. His birth occurred in Mason, Michigan, on the 16th of June, 1877, his parents being Ira W. and Sophia (Van Houten) Adams. His father passed away in 1908, but the mother, who has attained the age of sixty-seven, is still living and continues to make her home in this state. Ira W. Adams originally came from New York state, whence he removed to Michigan, residing there until 1887, when he came to Washington, thereafter making this state his home. In both the paternal and maternal lines our subject is descended from American ancestry, his forefathers having located in this country during colonial days.

The education of Charles Adams was begun at the usual age in the common schools of ^liehigan and completed in those of Washington, his student days being terminated at the age of fifteen years when he became a wage earner. His first year in the business world was spent in Portland, Oregon, whence he removed to Spokane, where for three years he was employed by Mitchell, Lewis & Staver. In 1896 he went to Fairfield, this state, and engaged in the hardware business for two years, but at the expiration of that period he returned to Spokane. During the following eighteen months he was in the employ of the J. I. Case Threshing Machine Company, leaving their service to enter that of the American Steel & Wire Company, being connected with the Spokane branch of the latter concern for one year. His next removal was to Loon Lake, this state, where he engaged in farming for a year, when he came to Colville to take the position of assistant county treasurer. He filled this position for four years, at the end of which time he was elected treasurer for a similar period. Following the expiration of his term of office, he became identified with the Colville Loan & Trust Company, acquiring an interest in this institution on the 1st of January, 1911, since which time he has held the office of vice president. In addition to his other interests Mr. Adams, with several others, owns a large marble quarry in the vicinity of Colville, the operation of which gives every promise of proving most lucrative.

He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, being affiliated with the chapter and the Order of the Eastern Star, and he also belongs to the Odd Fellows, Rebekahs, Knights of Pythias and Eagles. In politics he is an ardent republican and is prominently identified with the local faction, being at the date of sketch chairman of the county committee. Mr. Adams has the utmost confidence in a great agricultural and industrial, as well as commercial, future for Washington and is one of the enthusiastic workers in the local Chamber of Commerce. A man of clear judgment and initiative who has always been found thoroughly trustworthy and responsible in both his public and private life, Mr. Adams is favorably regarded and highly esteemed by his associates in both business and social circles.

James Clark

History was formerly a record of wars and conquests but has become a record of business activity and of man's utilization of natural resources. In this connection the life work of James Clark is notable. He came to America when a youth in his teens and gradually worked his way upward until he became one of the conspicuous figures in mining circles in the west and in fact his name was known throughout the length and breadth of the country. Prosperity did not come to him as the result of fortunate conditions or circumstances, but because of his keen sagacity, manifested in judicious investments and the careful conduct of his business interests.

He was born in Ireland in 1849 and died on the 8th of August, 1901. Within that period he accomplished that which would be a credit and honor to the life of any individual. His parents were James and Mary Clark, and while spending his youthful days in the parental home he pursued his education and thus laid the foundation for his later advancement. Favorable reports reached him concerning business conditions in the new world and he was but seventeen years of age when he with his brother, Patrick Clark, came to the United States. They made their way westward to Butte, Montana, and while Patrick Clark became associated with Marcus Daly as foreman in the development of the Alice mine and later in the opening and operation of the Anaconda mine, James Clark worked as a miner and day by day added to his knowledge and experience of the business. Later he made his way to the Coeur d'Alene district where he was also engaged in mining, and eventually he became interested in mining property at Rossland, British Columbia, being superintendent of the well known War Eagle mine. He was afterward one of the original discoverers of Republic camp, locators and owners of the Republic and other mines there and from its sale realized a handsome fortune. As the years passed he became recognized as an expert on mining property and its possibilities, and the soundness of his judgment was proven in his splendid success, making him one of the wealthy men of the northwest and one of the best known representatives of mining interests in the entire country.

Mr. Clark was married in Butte, Montana, in 1883, to ]Mrs. Charlotte (Willman) Toner, a daughter of Henry and Alicia (Foy) Willman, of Ireland. They have three children: Agnes, at home; Patrick of the Traders' National Bank, in which institution the estate has large holdings of stock; and Katherine, at school. The family circle was broken by the hand of death, when on the 8th of August, 1901, Mr. Clark passed away. His political allegiance was given to the democratic party and fraternally he was connected with the Benevolent Protective Order of

Ja.Mes Clark Spokane And The Inland Empire 41

Elks. He was a devout adherent of the Roman Catholic church. His friends found him a very wittj' man, quick at repartee and a most congenial and entertaining companion. He possessed the characteristic versatility and ability of people of his nationality and his record is a credit alike to the land of his birth and the land of his adoption. In business his associates and colleagues found him reliable as well as enterprising and progressive, and his efforts were ever of a character that contributed to the general development and consequent prosperity of the northwest as well as to his individual success.

Chester A. Gordon

Chester A. Gordon, manager of the Coeur d'Alene Hardware Company, is one of the enterprising and promising young business men of Wallace, of which city hehas been a resident for the past six years. He is a native of Illinois, having been born in Chicago on February 1, 1882, and is a son of Harry J. and Emma (Cowin) Gordon. When our subject was a lad of about six years the parents removed west, locating in Spokane in 1888. The father, who was an engineer, ran the dummy engine on Cook's railroad in that city, and during the great fire of 1889 he was instrumental in assisting many people to get away from the vicinity imperiled by the flames, many unquestionably owing their lives to his timely assistance. A few months later he passed away, his demise occurring late in the year of 1889.

After the death of the father the mother with her fanuly returned to Chicago, and there Chester A. Gordon finished his education. When old enough to go to work he laid aside his text-books, and applied himself to assisting his mother inasmuch as he became at least self-dependent. His first position was that of office boy with the M. D. Wells Company, a wholesale boot and shoe house of that city. He was only fifteen years of age at this time, but showed such willingness and ability in the discharge of the various tasks assigned him that the firm promoted him froip time' to time in accordance with the efficiency he displayed until he had attained a good position. He withdrew from their employment in 1905 and came to Wallace to become bookkeeper for the Coeur d'Alene Hardware Company. This company was incorporated in 1892 under the management of W. W. Hart, who in 1883 became identified with the hardware and mining-supply business in the west and who was long associated with J. R. Marks in this business in Billings, Montana; Murray, Idaho; and Spokane, Washington. The Coeur d'Alene Hardware Company was under Mr. Hart's management from the time of its organization until his death in 1910, and it is unquestionably due to his unremitting energy, initiative and thorough knowledge and understanding of the requirements of the business that the company forged ahead until it is now the largest concern of the kind in the northwest. They carry a complete stock of mining machinery and supplies necessary for the operation and maintenance of mines, as well as a large stock of general hardware. Their policy has always been to supply all things needful to any worthy or reliable mining concern in times of difficulty, and it is unquestionably due to this fact that many of the important companies that are now thriving and prosperous were able to develop or tide over great financial difficulties. Following the death of Mr. Hart, in 1910, Mr. Gordon was promoted to take his place, as manager, and has ever since continued in that position. It is a responsible and difficult position, requiring clear judgment, business sagacity and executive ability of more than an average order, but thus far Mr. Gordon has at all times proven fully equal to the demands made upon him.

Mr. Gordon has made man}- friends during the period of his residence in Wallace and is highly esteemed. He is a member of the Elks, belonging to Wallace Lodge, No. 331, B. P. O. E., and takes an earnest interest in the work of the order. He is meeting with financial success in his various undertakings, being interested in a number of mining properties in the district, and his future as gauged by his past gives every assurance of being most promising.

John W. Graham

John W. Graham is the president and treasurer of the John W. Graham Company, conducting an extensive establishment as paper dealers and stationers. The business has developed from a small beginning and is the visible evidence of the enterprising spirit and reliable, progressive methods of him who stands at its head. He has been a resident of Spokane since the spring of 1889, arriving here when about twenty-nine years of age. His birth occurred at Rockport, Indiana, ]March 2-i, 1860, his parents being Robert and Sophia (Stocking) Graham. He was left an orphan when quite young, pursued his education in the public schools of his native town and started to earn his living by selling papers. Subsequently he conducted a news stand, adding periodicals to the sale of papers, and by this venture he gained knowledge of the paper trade to some extent, so that it was a logical step in his career when, following his removal to ]\Iinneapolis, in 1885, he secured employment in a stationery establishment, thus gathering preliminary experience in the field of business in which he has since operated so successfully. He there continued until the spring of 1889, when he came to Spokane, securing a position in the periodical and stationery store of Sylvester Heath. This establishment was completely destroyed in the big fire of August of that year and Mr. Heath then determined to retire from the business and devote himself to other interests. Mr. Graham, with prescience sufficient to recognize what the future had in store for this great and growing western country, then resolved to engage in business on his own account and opened up with a threehundred-dollar stock of stationery and paper in a small sloping tent borrowed from Mr. Heath which stood on INIonroe street on the site opposite the Spokesman's Review building, and upon the ground where Mr. Heath's building now stands. ^Ir. Graham was accorded a good patronage from the beginning and the following spring occupied half of a store in Mr. Heath's building. In September, 1890, the business had grown to such an extent that he removed to the Great Eastern block, now known as the Peyton block, at the corner of Riverside and Post streets. At first he occupied but half of the store but subsequently bought out the occupants of the other half and as his business still continued to grow took in the next store where he carried on his commercial undertaking until 1 898, occupying two full stores at that time when the building was almost completely destroyed by fire. In the fall of 1900 the John W. Graham Company removed to their present location. The spacious, three-story building they occupied was consumed by fire in August, 1910, and replaced by the splendid five-story building, in which they now carry on their business and which extends through from Sprague avenue to First avenue, their store being one of the most splendidly equipped in the Inland Empire. Their wholesale b.uilding, situated on the Spokane Right of Way measures one hundred and fifty feet front, by one hundred and twenty feet deep, and is three stories in height, being built five years ago. In ] 896 the John W. Graham Company was incorporated with the founder of the business as president and treasurer. The stock has been increased until now there is a paid-up capital of five hundred thousand dollars and the corporation is one of the most flourishing in this part of the country. They sell anything made of paper and tlieir business throughout eastern Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Montana is carried on by a force of ten salesmen. Throughout the twenty-two years of its existence the enterprise has constantly grown and developed along substantial lines, due to a harmonious working-together of employer and employes, many of whom have been longer in the service of this company than any other men in any store in Spokane, and the success of the undertaking has won for Mr. Graham recognition as one of the foremost merchants of eastern Washington.

In Spokane on the 28th of October, 1891, Mr. Graham was married to Miss Alta Burch, a daughter of Dr. and Laura (Havermale) Burch, of this city. Her father was one of the early pioneers here and his wife is a daughter of the Rev. Samuel G. Havermale, who took up his abode in Spokane in 1875. Mr. and Mrs. Graham have a daughter Molly, born April, 1904, and they reside at No. 607 South Monroe street,- which residence was erected by Mr. Graham, in 1907, and is set in the most spacious and beautiful lawns in the city. He has taken a prominent part in the work of the Chamber of Commerce and is always ready to do anything that will help Spokane or the Inland Empire. He has never been actively identified with politics nor held political office but was one of the directors of the Young Men's Christian Association, at the time the new building was erected and assisted in raising the funds for the same. He belongs to the Elks Lodge, No. 228, and to the Spokane Club and the Spokane Amateur Athletic Club. A man of pleasing personality, he makes friends wherever he goes. Aside from a genial and courteous disposition the sterling traits of his character are manifest in his determination, his adaptability and his persistency of purpose which have constituted the foundation of his present success in the commercial world.

William L. Sax

William L. Sax, who is serving his second terra as mayor of Colville, in addition to the discharge of the duties of which office he is also conducting an abstract business, was born in Schoharie county. New York, on the 26th of July, 1861. His parents were Peter and Rebecca (Richtmyer) Sax, both of whom are now deceased, her father having passed away in 1905 and the mother in 189.3. In the maternal line he is descended from one of the old Dutch families of the Empire state.