Quincy Township (part 11 of 74)

Registered Bonds

as amended by the act of June 4. 1879. These acts provide for the issuing of new bonds in place of maturing bonds or other evidences of the indebtedness of a city and for their registration at the office of the auditor of public accounts of the state, and require that officer to certify the ta.x rate necessary in order to meet the ])rincipal and interest of the bonds as they become due. After these bonds ai-e registered no action on the part of the city is required to raise the tax necessary to be levied for payment of the principal and interest. By the act of Feb. 14. 1863, the city's power to tax was expressly limited to a rate of one dollar and three cents on the a.ssessed valuation, of which twenty-eight cents was authorized to be raised for lighting the city, twenty-five cents for maintenance of the schools, and fifty cents for the purpose of paying its debts and meeting its general expenses. This rate was foiuid tn be wholly inadequate. The city jirior to that time lunl not been well managed financially and had in many in.stances defaulted on its interest. In a fiscal .statement dated April 15. 1869. prepared by Tom J. Heirs, city clerk, we find the following: "In previous fiscal statements the accrued interest on outstanding bonds, which in many eases had not been paid for ten years, has not been included in the amount of outstanding indebtedness. During the past year a large number of bonds of various kinds have been funded on which there was due from two to twelve years' interest, and on some whe-.-e suit had been brought and judgment rendered against the city for the payment of interest conpons past due. the costs and court expenses of such suits have been added to the principal in funding such bonds, which will account for the apparent increase in the bonded debt of the city." On June 9. 1866, the finance committee was authorized by the city council to proceed in the adjustment and compromise of any [tortion of the city debt by procuring the surrender and satisfaction of the same by the i.ssue of new I'egistei'cd city bonds. In a cdnuiiuniciition to the city council from O. ('. Skinner, |)resented ilay 6. 1867. he- says: "I'nder my arrangements with the council, one hundred and fifty-six $1,000 bonds with due coupons attached, and all coupons for future interest and sixty-four separate past-due coupons amounting on July 1. 1866, in all to $233,235, have been surrendered to the finance committee. For this debt new twenty and thirty-year six i)er cent aiunial interest bonds have been issued amoiuitiug. including fractions paid in clerk's checks, to $153,036, which sum dediieted from aforemejitioned sum of $233,235 leaves as saved of the debt, $80,1!)!). Tlu- bonds siin-eiidered include every variety of city bouds. " It appears, therefore, that the city was able by issuing registered bonds to refund a portion of its city debt at a substantial discount. The city council on January 6. l>S(i8, adopted a resolution that an advertisement lie inserted in the Quincy Herald and in the (^uincy Whig and

Republican and in a ne\vspa])er printed in New York and in one j)rinted in Boston, that the city stood ready to issue new registered six per cent twenty-yeai' Ixiuds for all outstanding bonds of the city at the rate of seventy-five cents per dollar, principal and interest included. Much opposition developed to this act of the city council, as its necessary result would be to impair the credit of the city. In conse(|uence the resolution was rescinded at the mectint;' of Feb. 3, 1868. and the resolution of Jutu' !), 18t)6, aliove referred to was reaffirmed.

In a communication from the mayor that was read at the council meeting of January 22, 1868, he stated that he had refunded during the year bonds to the amount of $106,l-iO liy issuing in their [dace $81,201) of registered bonds, and that he had thereby made a saving to the city of $45,000 in debt and interest. 'I'he ability of the city in the two instances above mentioned to refund its debt at a discount was undoubtedly due to the fact that it had defaulted in uuxny instances in payment of tlie pi'incii)al and interest of its bonds, probably from necessity, as it was simply impossible to meet the.se demands under the tax rate of one dollar and three cents fixed by the act of February 14, 1863. IMany suits were brought again.st the city for over-due bonds and interest. One of these eases went to the supreme court of the rnited States, where it was decided Februaiy 4. 18(i7. 'I'his is the case of r. S., ex rel. \'on Hoffman, vs. (Quincy, 4 Wall., rv.]'). The city's defense to the suit Avas that under the limit of its taxing power fixed in the act of Feb. 14, 1863, it was impossible for it to meet its matured obligations, as all of the moiu\vs it was possitile for it to I'aise were needed for its ordiriiirv expenses. The bonds involved in the litiuation were the Northern Cross bonds and tbi' act ;iathorizing their issue had also authoi'ized the city to levy a tax for the payment of the interest on the same. The court held that the legislature of Illinois coidd luit dei)i'ive the city of this power as it had become part of the contract and that insofar as that act affected the bonds, it was a nullity. It said: "It is the duty of the city to impose and collect the taxes in all respects as if the act had not been pa.ssed. A different I'esult would leave nothing of the contract but an abstract right - of no practical value- - and render the protection of the constitution a shadow and delu.sion. " After this decision became generally known it was no longer possible to fund the debt at a discount. Accordingly on Aug. 3, 1868, the nuiyor was authorized to fund all outstanding railroad and improvement bonds at par but some doubts seems to have still existed as to the legality of the outstanding public service bonds, for we find that on Oct. 5th of the same year the finance committee was authorized to fund these at seventy-five cents on the dollar. In the mayor's communication of January 22, 1868, he stated that there were then unsatisfied judgments against the city in the United States <'()urt amounting to $145,000 and that the city was liable for other .iudgments which w(udd increase the amount to not less than $200,000. Between July 1, 1866, aiul July 1, 1872, $1,390,500 of registered bonds were issued all of which represented the funding of old indebtedness of the city. Such of these bonds as were not paid on their maturity were from time to time again refundetl and new i-egistered bonds were issued in place of them, so that at the present time all the outstanding bonded indebtedness of the city is represented by registered bonds.

Paymknt Of The Bonded Debt

The bonded debt of the city reached its highest point after the second $250,000 of bonds had been issued to the Q. M. & P. railroad. In the comptroller's report of the year 1881 we find that the total bonded debt including the accrued interest on the unregistered bonds which remained unpaid, amounted in all to $1, 1^)22, ()31, and that judgments had been rendered against the city in the U. S. courts that ano'rcgated $88,807. The heavy burden of the city's indebtedness had again led our citizens til favoi' if possible a repudiation of that portion of the same for which the city had received no value at all or but inade(|uate value. This was i-epresented by the M. & M. bonds, which, as the road for the construction of which the bonds had been issued had not been built, represented a total loss. It also included the debt funding bonds Avhich represented, as we have seen to a considerable extent city scrip, for which the city had received but a fraction of the value represented by the bonds. Uiuler the leadership of ilayor J. K. Webster the payment of this unregistered debt was resisted and the interest on the same as it became due remained unpaid. It would have been possible to have refunded this debt at a very considerable discount as the holders of the bonds evideutlv entertained a doubt as to their validity. J\Iayor Webster, however, opposed any compromise and the result was that iu the ensuing litigation the city was defeated and during the first year of Mr. Webster's term as mayor judgments were rendered against the city as stated, in the sum of .$88,807, and at the end of his second year, ending April 1, 1882, there was outstanding past due indebtedness represented by judgments and outstanding warrants exceeding $145,000. ]Mr. Webster also resisted the payment of $53,500 due the Water Company and the Gas Company for services rendered under contract, but iu this litigation he was successful as the court held that this debt had been created in contravention of the provisions of the constitution of 1870, limiting the power of the city to incur indebtedness. It was during this time and in the following year that the affairs of the city were at their darkest. As the Gas and Water companies found that they could not collect their past due debts the fire hydrants were dismantled and the city was left without light. In the message of Mayor Deaderick of March 31, 1883, he states that unless the Gas company would make a considerable reduction in the price asked, he was unable to see how any arrangements could be made for lighting the city by gas and he also refers to the lack of fire protection. The citizens had successfully resisted the collection of any tax above the one dollar and three cents for city and school purposes and as a result the revenues of the citj' were wholly inadequate for its needs. The legislature, however, passed an act which gave the city the power to levy an additional tax of ninety cents on the $100 of assessed valuation and Avith the added revenues thus obtained the aft'aii-s of the city soon took on a brighter view. After a short interruption it again secured light and water for public purposes. The interest charges were promptly met and the city again entered upon a period of progress. By the act of July 1, 1883, the dram shop licenses in this state were increased to $500 a year, and this also added a very considerable sum (about $35,000) to the revenues of the city. The city at this time entered the period of debt payment. Prior to that time such payments as were made were the result of judgments that were collected by mandamus. The following table will show the reduction of the city's indebtedness for each vear from May 1, 1881, to May 1, 1905:

Table Showing The Reduction Of The Bonded Debt Since. May 1, 1881

This debt reduction was brought about by the creation of sinking funds, the tax to raise which is certified by the auditor of the state for the payment of the debt. The method pursued is for the city council to adopt a resolution recjuesting the levy of the sinking fund tax which is certified to the auditor who thereupon takes the steps necessary for the levy. It was the practice to pass such a resolution annually until Alderman Van Frank at the meeting of the city council on Dec. 21, 1892, was instrumental in having a resolution adopted providing for the levying of an annual .sinking fund of .$50,000 to meet the payment of the bonds which would become due up to July 1, 1899.

Present Plan For Payment Of Debt

Under the administration of Mayor John A. Steinbach, $614,000 of the registered bonded was refunded in the years 1897 and 1898. The dates at which the new bonds were made to mature were so arranged as to enable the city to pay oft' each year the bonds that would mature that year. An ordinance was adopted on April 10, 1899, which provided for a sinking fund for each respective year equal to the amounts that had been made to mature that year. This plan for the payment of the debt is shown by the following table :

The first column of the above table shows the date when the bonds will mature, the second column shows the amount of the maturing bonds, the column the interest rate, the fourth column the amount necessarv to be raised aunuHlly foi' interest, the fifth (-(iliiiiiu shows by wlioni the tax levy is to he inacle. whether by the city eouiieil or the auditor of state, the sixth eohuim shows the year in whicli the tax will have to be levied, tlie seventh column the amount of the boiul sinkinii' fund to be raised for each respeotive ycai-, the eiuhth column shows the amount of the interest to be raised each year and the ninth coluirui the total tax required to be raised on aeeoiuit of the bond sinking fund and the bond interest fund for each respective year. From tiiis table it will appear that the total boiuled indebtedness of the city will be paid oft' l)y -July 1, 1918, and that the last tax levy to be nuule for that purpose will be made in the yeai- 1917. Under Mayor Steinbach's administration this plan has been consistently followetl without any increase in taxation and with tlie result that the bonded indebtedness as shown at the )iresent time only amounts to .^^iSTS.iSOO. xVs there have not been sutlicient maturini;- biuuls to take ujt the sinking fund, the city since the year 1901 has gone into the market and bought up its early maturing issues, ))aying the re(|uisite premium for tlu' sanu>. It is gi'atifying to be able to state, in conchiding this tinaueial history of the city of Quincy, that it is now and since the year 1901 has been, paying oft' its debt in advance.

As stated elsewhere in this history, the author of the admirable jilan under which the indebtedness of Quiucy is being paid oft' so easily <ind rapidly, is Mi-. Theodore B. Pape. the city's very able and |)ublic-spirited corjioration coiuisel.

For City Ownership

At a meeting of tlu^ city council (tf (.^uincy held May 15, 1871, (ieneral James D. ilorgau appeared before the council and lead a resolution which had been adopted by a Citizens' Association and sulimitted a report of a committee of that association on water works, looking to construction thereof for tire pi'oteetion and urged that innnediate action be taken for construction of the same. The council adopted a resolution appointing a committee of three consisting of ]\Iayor J. (i. R(»wland and Aldermen Henry ]\Ieisser and T. H. Miller to have in charge the matter of water works and to confer with p;irties desiring to make pi-opositions in reference to the consti'ucliou and o|)erMtion of the same and to invite such propositions, 'i'lu' com.niittee was anthori/.ed to erect temporary water works at an expense not exceeding .$5,000. This committee reported at a meeting of the city council held March 8, 1873, stating that they had put up a boiler and steam pinnp with the necessary appendages at the foot of ilaine .street, and had enclosed Ihc same in a suitable liuilding and constructetl a pumping well and conduit with the required suction attachment; that the machinery fultilled the exjiectation of the committee, it being but tempoi-ary to Kll I'isterns in the dift'erent pai-ts of tlie city and that by means of hose attachment this could be done at any time; that sufficient pipe had been purchased to reach Front street, together with two double hydrants ; that it was the original intention of the committee to get sufficient pipe to reach fifty feet where a tank was to be \)u\ up and to purchase one or two more hytlr;rnts: that the total outlay to the date of the report was less tiian >f;2,50(). Accompanying the rej)ort was one from Edward Prince, who was thanked for liis services to the committee. This was the beginning of water works in Quincy, city ownership characterizing the origin.

About live months later or August 7, 1873, I hi- cit\- I'oiincil adopted an ordinance by which thi' city transferred and conveyed to Edward Prince "all its right, title and interest in the Ixiib'r, pump, steam connections, pump house, piimi)-we]l, inlet-pipe, and valves at foot of .Maine street. Also Ihe iron pijies, extra castings, valves, h\'drants, and all other things purchased by .said city for tein])orary pumping work. And said city, at such time and on such terms as said Prince and said city may agree upon, is to receive actual cost for its investment in said temporary pumping works up to the time said Prince signifies his acceptance which was duly acceiited. granted to Prince '"the exclusive right to construct, operate and maintain, and ojierate water works in the city of (Quincy, Illinois, for a period of thirty years from the date of this ordinance, upon the terms, conditions and stipulations hereinafter mentioned." Among the conditions. Prince was to make certain extensions and inqirovenients. The rate fixed for hydrant rental was >t;20() ])er annum per hydrant for the first 100 hydrants. .'|;150 per aiiiiuni jici' hydrant for the next fifty hydrants, and for all other hydrants at the rate of $100 per annum per hydrant. Section P! of the ordinance read as follows: "At the exiiii'ation of thirty years fi-om date of this ordiiiMiicc, if no agreement can be made for renewal or continuance of contract, said i-ity sli.-ill pa>' for said works tht»ii' then actual cash value."

ilr. Prince sold the water works to Messrs. L. and ('. H. Bull, who coudueted the same until the expiration of the contract, which expired An^;-. 7. 1903. and eoiitiiiued to conduct the W()rks peiidinu' further ue^'otiations, results of which are stated hereinafter. To give anything like a detailed account of the many and often serious disagreements between the city and ttie company during the long period would re(|uiie a volume. There were ditferences involving hydrant rental, private rates and extension of the works, accomi)anied at times by litigation and much feeling and no little public inconveuienre. For a long period the company declined to make extensions, but for about the last decade, the company has made extensive and valuable improvements and extensions and has given notable attention to the filtration of the water which has acquired a high standard of excellence.

As early as the year 1890, the city council declared that the only solution of the existing ditferences was for the city to build its own water works. This declaration was under the administration of ]\[ayor George II. Walker. In the year 1M94:. under the administration of ]Mayor John P. ilikesell, a similar declaration was made. Immediately before retiring from office in the spring- of 1895, Mayor ilikesell recommended to the city council the establishment of a water works sinking fund. The recommendation was concurred in and the fund was started with $12,000. From that time on the fund has been, continually increased until it now amounts to over $250,000. Mayor John A. Steinbacli, who was first elected mayor in the spring of 1895,, and has been mayor since that time, has been- an earnest advocate of increasing the fund as rapidly as pnssiljle and has at all times had the hearty support of the aldermen.

When the thirty year contract with the owners of the Avater works was about to expire, the city had the works appraised by three ex- Iierts. namely. Jlessrs. John W. Alvord. Daniel W. ]\Iead and Hiram Phillips, who estimated the valueof the plant at the expiration of the franchise at $(349,159. On receiving this estimate the city opened negotiations with the owners of the works for renewal of the contract on nnitually acceptable terms, unmediate" city ownership of the -\vorks being impossible, as the city was still in debt beyond the constitutional limit. The city proposed to the owners a new contract by which the city would bind itself to take water for public purposes during the contract, the' owners to agree to accept a reasonable return on their investment, as it Avas appraised, and to allow the city the benefit of the earnings of the plant in excess of such rettu'us which die city was willing should be as much as seven per cent. The company declined the proposal, holding the appraisement of the plant to be too low and that the owners were i-eceiving no more on their property than what was a reasonable return thereon, and that they could make as much with the money if they sold the property at the appraised value as they were then making out of the plant. However, the company said that they would not stand in the Avay of the city carrying out its declared plan for ultimate city ownership and the company said that if the city could find the necessary capital from other sources, the company would sell the plant at the appraised value, although holding this valuation to be too low. The company gave the city and its assigns a written option to purchase the water works at any time ju'ior to October 1. 190-1. at the a|ii)raised valuation.

With this option from the owners of the works, the city opened negotiations with other local capitalists, and as a result The Citizens' Water Works company was organized by citizens of Quincy. The capital stock was $100,- 000. and the balance of the money neeessarj' Avas raised by the company issuing five per cent first mortgage bonds for $300,000. and six and one per cent second mortgage bonds for $250,- 000. The city transfer read its option to this company which bought the water Avorks thereunder. The new company Avas giA^eu a franchise for thirty years, the ordinance being adopted Sept. 19, 1904, and accepted by the company on the 24th day of that month. On the 30th of the same month, the city council passed an ordinance ratifying the franchise ordinance and the company's acceptance of the same. The franchise ordinance sets forth the conditions of the contract between the city and the ncAV company. Under the contract the city has a continuous option to purchase the water Avorks at any time and all extensions and improA'ements that may be made for the sum necessary to enable the company to pay back to the stockholders the $100,000 Avhich they haAe invest-jd in the enterprise, and to pay the indebtedness of the company then outstanding. This sum would at present be substantially $649,159, but it Avill probably be less hereafter. The city gets the benefit of the net earnings of the Avater Avorks remaining after the payment of the agreed annual dividend of six per cent on the capital stocii. The city is given express authority to fix the Avater rates, and shares in the management of the company, the city havigS iiig reserved the riglit to appoint one of the three directors. By an arrangement with the banks taking care of the mortgages, namelv, Tlie Ricker National Bank. The Qnincy National Bank and the State Street Bank, tlie city receives five per cent coniponnd interest on its $250,000 sinking fund, Avhich had previonsly yielded but three per cent. This sinking fund will at all times be substantially equal to the second mortgage bonds of the company from time to time outstanding. Even if all of the net earnings of the works ,n-e used in making extensions and improvements, the first mortgage bonds will all be paid off by October 1, 1920, at which time the second mortgage bonds will amount to .^550.000, and the city will have in its sinking fiuid on deposit in" the banks !f;55{),()00. which will then be an amount equal to to the total bonded debt of the Citizens' Water Works company. This would leave the .$100,- 000 of stock un]n-ovided for, but the eit.y would still be getting five per cent compound interest on its sinking fund, which would retire tbe stock in about three and one-half years. Thus on the most unfavorable assumption, the city would become tlie owner of the water works in about nineteen years from the present time with all improvements and extensions of the same. The city may, however, if it desires to do so, own the works not later than eleven and one-half years from this time or shortly after the year 1916. On Oct. 1, 1917, the total bonded debt of the city will he but .$80,000, and at that time the city will lack but $177,500 with which to complete the amount necessary to purchase the water works. With its debt thus within the constitutional limit, they could borrow the required .$177,500 and take over the water works at that time. If any of the company's net earnings are used to pay on its bonded debt, or if the city .should add to its water works sinking fund, of course this would ha.sten the period at whicji the city could become the owner of the water works. The following tabulated statement shows the earnings of the water works for the five years immediately preceding the year 190-4:*

Mr. Theodore B. Pape, the city's corporation counsel, is the author of this plan for city water works and it is in every way worthy of its cai)able and public-spirited author. lii its innumerable safeguards for the public interests, in the magnitude of its continu(uis benefits to the i)eople while the plant is in the hands of the company - benefits practically e(|ual to city ownership - and in the ease and shoitness of time by which the i)lan is destined to settle forever and in the be.st interest of the people, one of the most jiei'i^lexing problems of Quincy, this plan probabl.v has no eqiuil in the history of municipalities. "The Quincy Way of Securing City Ownership of Water Works" is uni(iue.

The present officers of the Citizens' Water Works compan.v are as follows : President, John P. :Mikescll : secretary, .]. M. Winters: treasui'er, Henry C. Sprick. The directors are, John P. Mikesell. Theodore B. Pape and Henry C. Sprick. This is the list of stockholders: H. C. Sprick, P. B. Williams, H. Heidbreder, H. P. J. Ricker, Jr., J. L. Duker, P. P. Whitley, Ger. 6. Arends, E. J. Luegering, Joseph Jacoby, B. Awerkamp, Chas. IT. Lauter, A. H. Wehmeyer, John A. Sohm. J. ;\I. Winters, Thomas B. Ryan. Tjouis Wolf, A. A. Schuering, Wm. Sigsbee, Prank (iiefing. TI. II. Merten, P. W. Brinkoetter. Simon Duker, C. P. Uhlmann, E. Cottnam. Wm. H. Govert, Henry Bornnumn, Edward Sohm, P. W. Menke, P". J. Brinkoetter.

Chapter Xxxix

R.AILWAY AND WATER TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES - QUINCY'S PART IN RIVER IMPROVEMENT WORK - INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL .STATISTICS AND ORGANIZATIONS.

The earlier historv of Quincy 's transportation facilities is given elsewhere in this work. The railroad bridge over the ^Mississippi River, cost $1,750,000 and was built in 1868. The iu'idue was remodeled by the ('. B. & Q., in JIarch, 1898, at a cost of $157,000. The wagon bridge attachment was opened Sept. 10, 1899, aiul cost $50,000. During the year 1904, 16,880 engines, 43.473 passenger ears and 134,426 freight cai-s crossed the railroad bridge, while during the same year, 1,210 steamboats passed through the main river draw.

These are Quincy 's present railroads: The C. B. & Q. to Chicago and to the north and northwest, via. Rock Island. The Quincy, Onudia & Kansas City to Kansas City. The Hannibal & St. Joseph, to Kansas Cit.y, Atchison, Leavenworth and St. Joseph. The St. Louis, Keokuk & Northwestern to Burlington on the north and to St. Louis on the south. The Carthage Branch of the C. B. & Q., to Burlington, la. The Quincy, Alton & St. Louis to East Louisiana, Mo. The Wabash, to Chicago, Buffalo and Pittsburgh on the east, Kan-

At this writint;' - February. VM)'> - the indications seem to be rather favorable t'<(r the building of an eleetrie iuterurban railway between Quincy and Hannibal. The name of the company is The Illinois & ilissouri Railroad, whose franchise ordinance, granted in Qiiincy, was approved Dec. 2, 1904. A condition of this road is that citizens of Quincy donate $10,000 in cash, when the road is completed and in operation.

The Mississippi River. Quincy "s western boundary, is the great water highway between St. Paul and New Orleans and is an adjunct to the Panama Canal. The Diamond Joe Line packets ply regularly each season along this river, in the needed improvement of which magnificent waterway much public interest is now being manifested, thanks to a most useful and eft'ective organization which had its origin in Quincy. This is the Upper Mississippi River Improvement Association, which is composed of the variou.s commercial and civic organizations located on the Uitper ^Mississippi River from St. Louis to St. Paul. The purpose is to secure pi'oper recognition from the government of the commercial value of the river, and to improve its navigable capabilities by increasing the depth of the channel from 4i 2 t<?et to 6 feet, at low water, between the mouth of the I\Iissouri River and St. Paul, ]\Iinn. The government engineers have declared this to be fea- .sible, as the river is quite tractable.

The association is the outcome of a movement on the part of Quincy men, one of whom. Mr. Lewis B. Boswell, is referred to in the address of Jlr. Thomas Wilkinson of Biirlington, la., the President of the Association, at its last convention in Dubuque, Nov. 12. 1904, as follows :

"In the year 1902 a committee of citizens representing the city of Quincy, waited upon ^lajor Townsend, then in charge of the government work on the river, north of St. Louis, with a view to securing certain im])rovements of the river near Quincy. During the intei'view ila.jor Townsend asked one of the connnittee - "Do you know of any attempt having been made on the part of any of the congressmen, to secure an appropriation for the improvement of the upper river.'' The gentleman replied. 'No! but it will be done and that at once.' This was the beginning from which grew the Upper Mississippi River Association.

"The gentleman interrogated was the founder, you might say, of this movement. lie was born on the banks of the old river in the city of New Orleans, and all his life has been spent where he could look out over its placid waters. He grieved to see its usefulness impaired through neglect and forthwith determined whatever of ability and inllueuce he possessed .should be given towards securing proper attention for this neglected highway. He conceived the idea of organizing an association to work for the improvement of the navigation of this river, which was carried out in the convention held in Quincy, Nov 12-13, 1902. For whatever of success may result from the work of this association, the laurel wreath must be placed upon his brow, - Mr. Lewis B. Boswell. of Quincy. 111."

This association has held three conventions, one at Quincy. Davenport and Dubuque. Its work is wholly in the interest of the commerce of the five states contiguous to the upper river. It recognizes no local scheme or proposition. The permanent improvement of the upi)er river is its theme and thus far it has met with most excellent i-esults. and the foi'ce of its labors and intluence bids fair to securing from the national government needed appropriations which will establish a depth of six feet at low water in the channel.

With the river improved and in suitable condition for the steady operation of boats and barges, it will not be many years before the people of this great middle we.st wnll be enabled to float cargoes down the river to New Orleans and outward through the Panama Canal, to the markets of the world. Such a valuable artery of commerce should be fully appreciated by our people and its influence upon the increase in the manufacturing and conunercial, also agricultural development of this country will be beyond our present conception.

That the people of this city .should feel great pride in the fact of Quincy being the birthplace of an organization having such highly important purposes in view, is natural, and that a citizen of Quincy should be the officially recognized foiuider of such an association, is a distinction of the highest order, although the founding of the association was but the beginning of Mr. Boswell's admirable work in its behalf. As seci-etary of the association since its organization, his discharge of the duties of that position has been marked by distinguished abilities, while the eloquence and tact displayed by ilr. Boswell in presenting the claims of the organization to the federal government, from time to time, have been of invaluable service to the cause.

The Young Men's Business Association was organized in 1887. Thomas Austin was president and James Handly, secretary. \V. P. Upham was elected president January 20, 1897. June 18, following-, the name of the organization was legally changed to The C^uincy Chamber of Connnerce. Charles 11. Williamson was elected president July !), 1900. The president appointed Miss Lina Linehan secretary to succeed James Handly. January 15, 180'2. the president appointed :JIiss Bertha L. Maher secretary to succeed Miss Linehan. Joseph W. Emery was elected jji'esident ;\lay 12, 1903. John S. Cruttenden was elected president Jlay 9, 1901, and Frank W. Osborn was elected to fill that office May 8, 1905.

Quincy Freight Bureau

Tlie Chamber of Commerce has been a sort of open parliament for the discussion of matters pertaining to the commercial and tlie general welfare of the city, and the organization has rendered exi-ellent service, particularly in taking the initiative. Certainly no organization could desire better men than have been at the head of this body. Its successive presidents have, always at a great sacrifice to their own private affairs, manifested a degree of zeal, application and excellent judgment which has been of very great value to the pnblic while the fine public .spirit shown by these busy men is worthy of the highest praise. QUINCY FREIGHT BUREAU.

The Quincy Freight Bureau, the most useful and important organization that our shippers have ever had, was incorporated May 20, 1897. Channcey 11. Castle was the first president, Charles H. Williamson the second, and Dickerson .McAfee, is the third. Elmer E. Scger in secretary, and Edward Sohm, treasurer. The other members of tlie board of government are C. 11. (!astle, John J. B''ischer, Louis Wolf, Rudolph Tenk and Fred Kupp. Lewis B. Boswell, the Commissioner of the Bureau, has held that highly responsible position since the fall of 1897, or about eight years, and it is a record of notable ability, the closest application and unquestioned fidelity. While, in the vei-y nature of the case, very much of the work of this Bureau is not seen by the public, the Quincy Freight Bureau is known all over the country and has the resi)ect nf the railroads, as well as of the various kindred (U-- ganizations of the country.

In a general way, the Freight Bureau stands in the relation of a freight traffic manager to its members. Its functions are to conserve their interests, keeping them informed of the actions of transportation companies in changing tariffs, as well as the classification of articles. ^\'llilc I hi' liiii'caii has done and is doing this work and tloiiig it well, it has also in many ways greatly conserved the public interests. For instance, its members took the lead in the movement resulting in the C. B. & Q.'s new passenger station and in the wagon bi'icige over the river, and the Bureau has in several instances been of invaluable benefit with respect to tram service.

The Quincy Retail ^leivliMnts' Association was organized March 26, 1902, and its record has been characterized by a progressive spirit and good work such as to merit commendation and clcarlv ]>rove its usefulness to our retail luercliauts. The important pi-actical results include valuable municipal legislation and coiiimercial steps tending to enlarge the retail trade. The first president of the association was W. T. Duker, who was succeeded by N. Ileintz, and the latter by Jesse O. Fisher. L. B. Boswell was the first secretary, his successors being J. C Heiuzman and II. H. Brinck. (ieorge H. Lyford is vice jircsideiit and Daniel Speyer treasurer.

Business Statistics

While (Quincy has widely extended fame for its lieanty, and is also noted for its financial solidity, and is winning enviable credit for its excellent cducatioiud advantages and for other I'easdiis, this city is best known to the world outside for its manufacturing interests. As the great center for the mannfacture of stoves, of wheat fiake foods, incubators, show cases, hay presses, etc., the name of Quincy has been made familiar in all parts of the world, and this well deserved reputation is constantly being strengthened. In this connection, the following tabulated estimates of indnstrial Quincy will be of interest :

The above figures do not include Quincy 's mercantile establishments, which are very numerous and excellent, but conceiniug which, no figures have been obtainable.

ehang'e frmii horse-power to electricity w;is made January 1, 1891 The present owners, familiarly known as the "JIcKinley Syndicate," .secured control of the system in the fall of 1898 and have transformed and extended the system. The total length of streets on which cars are run is thirteen miles or a total length of track of seventeen miles. There are sixteen cars in regular operation and in addition, eight motor and ten trail cars. The ears are heated and lighted by electricity. The generating plant consists of one 425 k\v. direct connected iTuit and five 62 kw. belted machines, all furnishing 550 volts direct current, also the proper engine and boiler capacity to operate the machines. When the work laid out for the present year is completed, the entire system of track will have been relaid by the present owners. The car rails are 60 lb. "T." The improvements by the present owners include extension on South Foui-th street, on Broadway, and to the Soldiers' Home grounds; als(; a new ear barn at Twentieth and Hampshire streets, with steam heating plant which also supplies the office and waiting room, at Twentieth and JMaine streets. The present owners also installed the Corli.ss engine and direct connected generator at the power house, and have added eight large closed cars, and fourteen large summer cars. The present officers of the company are : G. P. Duncan, of Portland, ile., president : H. P. Cox. of Portland, treasurer: William B. McKinley, of Champaign, secretary: Edward I\I. Woodman, of Portland, general counsel : H. E. Chubbuck. of Ottawa and La Salle, 111., manager: W. A. IMartin. nf Qnincy. superintendent.

The Quincy Gas Light & Coke Company was organized in 1853 with a capital of $80,000. It commenced business December 1. 1856. with sixty-four street lamps and 139 private consumers. Governor John Wood was the first president, and Thomas Pratt, superintendent and manager, but he was soon succeeded by Wm. H. Corley who held the office till his death in 1875. He was followed as manager by A. W. Littleton till 1898. and he in turn by H. E. Chubbuck. AY. A. Bixby is the present general manager of the consolidated companies. The Thompson-Houston Electric Light & Power Co. was organized in 1882 with Col. W. W. Berry as president, and continued in business till consolidated with the other lighting plants by the McKinley interests in 1898. The Empire Light & Power Company was instituted in 1895, "W. H. Channon being the president, and Harry Channon. superintendent and manager of this company w'hich continued till 1898, when with the (ias Comiiany and the Thompson- Houston Electric Light & Power Co., it was merged into the present Quincy Gas & Electric Co.. which was purchased by J. T. Lynn and associates of Detroit, ^lich.. in 1903, Mr. Lynn being the president. It is interesting to note the growth and the great change in prices, since the organization of the parent company. In '56 the Cias Company had one bench of three retorts and only one holder room to store 55.000 feet. It hiiis now eight benches of six retorts each and storage capacity for hundreds of thousands of cnbic feet of gas. The price in '56 was $4 per 1,000, and is now only $1 per 1,000 ; the reductions being as follows: to $3.50 in 1876: .$3.00 in 1878 ,- .$2.25 and $2.00 in 1882, and $1.00. 1904. In the electric department the plant started with a few small machines in '82. and is now one of the largest in Illinois.

The Inde])endent Light & Power Co. was incorporated :\Iareh 26, 1903. J. W. Cassidy taking the leading part and being the principal owner and the president. The company erected a large, modern jdant. Mr. Cas.sidy also organized the Independent Gas Co.. but the city council declined to make certain alteration in the franchise ordinance, held by Mr. Cassidy to be essential to the financing of the enterprise, and the proposed plant was not erected. January 7. 1905. Mr. Cassidy sold his interest in the Independent Light & Power Co. to W. J. Ferris, of Chicago. 111.

Chapter Xl

QI'IXCY'.S EDUCATIONAL PROGRESf: AXD FACILITIES - Pl'BLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOL.S, COLLEGE.'?, ETC. - THE FCBLIC LIBRARY - MU- .SICAL INSTITUTIONS, ETC.

Giving due i-onsidei'ation to .-ill forces making for education in C^uincy and the public and private cost thereof, the educational progress of the city has kept apace with its general progress. In recent years interest in educational matters has intensified with corresponding improvement in facilities. At this period - 1905 - the schools of Quincy would undoubtedly compare very favorably with those of the best class of cities of Quincy 's size throughout the country, while our excellent and practical collegiate institutions have won wide-spread and deserved recognition.

the legislature in 18(31. Down to the spring of 1!)04, the meniliers of the board were appointed by the city eonncil, each ward having one member of the board. Last spring for the first lime, a school board was elected directly by the people, who took advantage of a recent act of the legislature. The city council raised a question as to the constitutionality of the law, but to this writing - January, 1905 - no contest has been made in the courts. Meanwhile, the new system is working smoothly, the new board of education having used good judgment. Under the new law, the school board appoints the superintendent of schools, who had been previously appointed by the city council. Another etfect of the new law is to reciuire an affirmative vote of the people before the board can erect a school building or buy ground. The school tax levy is still under the control of the city council, to which the board submits recommendations. The following statistics are taken from the re])ort of Superintendent David B. Rawlins to the school board, for the scliool year ending June 80, 1904:

Total population of Quincy. censtis of 1900. ;?6,25'2 : total population of Quincy. estimated at the time of the report, 40,800. Total number of pupils enrolled in the Quincy ])ublic schools. 5,451; estimated enrollment in priv;tte and church schools, 2,775. Total number of teachers in the public schools. 115. The total cost per pupil in the public schools for tuition and incidentials was $14.85. Value of pidilic school grounds and sites, $90,000; of buildings. $:UO,000 ; value of all public school projjerty. .$418,000. The amount appro])i'iated foi' the schools by the city council for the year 1904. was $95,000. The schools also receive aniuiidly a proportion of the state school fund, usuMJiy amounting to about $7,000 a year. The report estimates the total cash value of all the ta.xable property in Quiiu-y at $27,4(35.900. The assessed valuation was $5,493,180.

Following are the present locations of the several public school buildings in Quincy, with the year in which they were built and the cost : Jeft'erson, Fourth and Spring streets, ground and building bought by the boai'd of education from the Quincy PlnL'lish and (!erman College. Nov. 16, 1875,' for $:30.000 ; release of same bought March 6, 1877. for .$:^8(;.40. Irving, Payson avenue between Eighth and Ninth streets, old building erected in 1864, cost $5,400; addition. 1873, $4,000; new hnildinu'. 1895, $7,670. Berrian, Eighth and Van P.uren streets, 1867, $7,200. Washington, Sixth avenue North and C!herry street, first building. 1868, $7,619; new buikling, 1898, $9,750. Fraiddin. Fifth street between York and Kentucky, 1870, $33,000. Jackson. Eighth and Vine "streets.

projierty bought of Wilhii'd Keyes, Sept. 29, 1866, for $12,000; building destroyed by tornado in 1875, immediately rebuilt at a cost of $6,000. Lincoln (colored). Tenth street between Spring and Oak, 1872, .$6,150. Dewey (first named Highland). Twenty-first and Cherry .streets, tirs't buildinu'. 1889, $4,150; additional building, 1898, $4,332. The change in name of this Iniilding w;is in honor of Admiral (Jeorge Dewev. ^ladison. Twenty-fifth and Maine streets," first building, 1890. "$9.100 ; additional building-, 1898, $9,683. High School, Twelfth and Maine streets. 1891, $30,800. The High Sciiool was first established in the Center school building, in the old Unitarian church building at Sixth and Jersey stieets, September, 1864. In 1866. the High School was transferi'ed to the Jackson building, and from there to the Franklin. The Adams school building, Twentieth and Jeft'erson streets, was erected in 1891. cost, $7,790. Emei'son, Thirteenth and Washington streets, in 1900, cost, .$20,150. The Webster, in 1904, cost. $63,000, this being the third Webster building. The second building was torn down because of question as to its safety, owing to vibration at times, but examination ])roved it to be stronger than was thought foi-. Ill erecting the new structure, the school lioaril spai'ed no thought tn- cost to make it a model school building.

Early on the morning of February 16. 1905. the Franklin school building was destroyed by tire. The insurance, which has been fully paid, was $15,500. At a special election held March 21. following, if was voted to re-build Franklin school in Franklin Park, near Fourth between State and .Maiden Lane sti'eets. and to issue bonds to the amount of $120,000 to rebuild this school, to iM( el a new building in place of the Berrian school, and an addition to the High School building. Plans for these new buildings and the addition to the High School have al- I'eady been acceiitcd by the Hoard of Education and the buildings are exi)ected to l)e ready for use the ensiling year.

In addition to the usual course of studies, the public schools of (Quincy include reg\dar in.structions in manual training, domestic science, nnisic, drawing and nature study.

The first principal of tlie Quincy High School was A. W. Starkev, the sueeeedinsi' principals heing: H. A. Farwell, C. C. Robbins, Rev. Wni. B. Corbyn, D. D., W. F. (Jeiger, David B Rawlins. J. E. Pearson, and V. K. Froida. the latter being the principal at this time, 1905. The position of assistant principal, created by the .school board last year, is filled by A. M. Simons. The growing popularity and increased patronage of the High School has crowded the present building so as to make additional I'oom an imperative necessity, and steps to that end are now being planned.

These are the present members of the Quincy Board of Education: William II. Collins, president : F'rank A. Lubbe. clerk ; Homer M. Swope, Otto Linz, J. W. Gardner, John T. Inghi'am, Henry L. Whipple.

The Relative Standing Of Qulxcys

So many different elements enter into the composition of a school system that cannot be gauged except by long and close observation, that any statement of the relative merits of two or more systems is subject to much qualification. Then too, the judgment of one person MS to what constitutes a good school system may differ widely from that of another. Hence it is imi)ossible foi' me to make final statement as to the relative merits of our schools and I must content myself by comparing as best I can some of the more important features of our school system with those of others.

In making this comparison a few cities, some larger and some smaller than Quincy. have been selected. These cities are for the most part in or near Illinois and all of them are said to have good schools. Prom these statistics and other data have been collected showing the condition of their schools and the progress they are making along the line of modern education. A tabulated statement of this material is given herewith and the reader can in a measure draw his own conclusion as to the relative standing of our schools.

Without exception in all these cities the branches required for a second grade certificate - reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, geography, V. S. history, grammar and physiology - form the basis for the elementary course of study. In most of them there is work in music, drawing and nature study, and in .some of them is foiuul a full course in manual training and domestic science. These special subjects, with the exception of manual training and domestic science, are taught in nearly evei'y school by the regular teachers under the direction of a supervisor. Special teachers are employed to teach manual training and domestic science. Our own course of study does not suffer when eonqiared with that of the school systems under consideration, but on the coiitrary stands near the top of the list.

.\'o other element in a school system is of such great importance as the teaching force. The teacher makes or mars the school as she (or he) is efficient or inefficient. However a just comparison of the teaching forces of diffei-ent cities cannot be made because one can only judge by seeing a teacher at work.

The tendency at the present time is toward normal trained teachers and while this is a decidedly wise and rational tendency, it does not follow that all normal trained teachers ai-e successful, nor that teachers who have not had such training are not good. As a matter of fact some of the best teachers here and elsewhere have never had normal training and some of the completest failures I have ever known have been normal trained. The table shows the percentage of normal trained teachei-s in the schools compared, the number of l)upils per teacher, the salaiy ])air teachers and the requirements as to professional study. Our rank as to specially ti'ained teachers is below the average. A comparison of salaries cannot be made without taking into consideration the cost of living expenses in the different cities. This is not possible.

Another element which has much to do with the efficiency of a school system is the manner of its administration. The most approved plan, and the one most in vogue, places the school under control of a board of education. This board elects a sujierintendent who is made responsible for the management of the schools and is given authority commensurate with this responsibility. The superintendent recommends or nominates tor ap])ointiiient all teachers and is held resi)onsihle for their work. This plan centralizes authority and makes elBcieut work l)ossihle. [n plai-inu' the responsibility for the apjiointmeiit of teachers upon the superintendent oui' board of edueatioii has taken a long step toward making the schools efficient. The table shows the responsibility of the superintendent in this respect in other cities.

The rank and standing- of Qnincy boys and girls who have become students in higher institutions of learning is suflficient to prove the efficiency of the work done in our High School as well as in our elementary schools.

In concluding I Mish to say that in my .judgment the schools of Qnincy may be classed with the best in the state. They are not ideal, but on the contiai'y have many shortcomings. Time and hard work will remove some of the defects. In the work of administering and improving the efficiency of a school system there is no end. Constantly changes and improvements must be made to meet ever changing conditions and new needs of the people. Hence we must not be satisfied, but must be constantly at woi'k managing onr schools better.

The Colleges. Etc

The Gem City Business College was founded in 1870. in the old Benneson building. The present college building, on the southwest corner of Seventh and Hampshire streets, was erected in 1S92, the cost being $100,000. The enrollment in the college is 1,460. of whom 1.100 are boys. There are twenty teachers. The institution was incorporated in 1893, the capital stock being $75,000. Professor I). L. ]\Insselman. the founder, is president, and D. L. ]\Iusselman. Jr., secretary and treasurer.

The National Business College and School of Correspondence, located at Fourth and Maine streets, in the Newcomb block, was established in 1896. It is incorporated, the capital stock being $75,000. Professor L. B. ilcKenna is president : J. W, ( "assidy. ti-easurer : F. E. Chaffee, secretary, and J. R. Hutchinson, manauer. There are eighteen teachers. The enrollment in tlie day school is 300. of whom three-tifths ai-e Ixiys. The enrollment in the night school is I'io, and in the School of Correspondence, 3.500.

St. Francis Solamis College, at Eighteentli and Vine streets, was established in 1860. The institution is under the direction of the Franciscan Fathers of the Province of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. It was chartered in 1873. The building cost $150,000. The lastest addition to the building was in 1898. There are seventeen instructors and 200 students. The very Rev. P. Hugoline is president of the board of trustees, the very Rev. P. Anselm ^lueller, treasurer, and the Rev, P. Fortunatus Hausser, secretary.

St. I\Iary's Institute, conducted by the School Sisters of Notre Dame is located at 301 to 317 North Eighth street. It was established in 1867 and chartered in 1873. The institution is nnder the spii'itual direction of the Franciscan Fathers. Its curriculum covers useful and ornamental branches of ai-t and sciences suitable for young ladies.

Chaddock Boys' School, conducted by the ilethodist Episcopal Deaconesses, Miss Eleanor Tobie, principal, at Xo. 1121 State street, in the Governor Wood mansion, was established September 1. 1900. There are sixteen instructors. The enroilment of pupils is 125. The property is now free fnnn debt, the present management having raised sufficient funds with which to pay $25,000 indebtedness. The property belongs to the Illinois conference district. The Wood mansion was bought and occupied in 1875 by Johnson College, previously the Quincy English and German College, which was organized in 1853. The name was changed to Johnson College in 1874. the Quincy English and German College and the Johnson College, the latter of Macon, .Mo., being merged. The college paid $40,000 for the Wood mansion. In 1876. Charles Chaddock irave the in.stitution $24,000, on which the college was given his name. In later years the institiition became financially eml)arrassed. the educational feature lapsed and the property finally passed to its present admirable use.

Qfincy'S Library Record

QFINCY'S LIBRARY RECORD. Q\iincy"s library history began when the city was but sixteen years old. The tirst steps toward forming a library were taken in March. 1841. in one of the offices in the old courthouse, which stood on the east side of Washington park. Of the officers and committees elected at that meeting, "Sir. Lorenzo Bull is the f)nly surviving person yet living in Quincy. The period when the movement was begun, was one of great general depression in Illinois, owing to the peculiar financial difficulties then existing, and the movement necessarily had much discouragement to overcome, for. measured by the standards of today, all engaged in it were poor. They began by contributing five dollars worth of stock each, and all the books each could collect, which aggregated some 700 volumes at the end of the first year. From some years, the only source of income for the library was from lectures by citizens.

One lecture on magnetism and telegraphy, was tlelivered soon after 18-1:4 by the Rev. George P. Giddings, then rector of the Episcopalian church. At the close of the lecture, by previous announcement, ilr. Lorenzo Bull and -Mr. Andrew Johnson, the latter a law partner of Hon. Archibald Williams, gave a practical demonstration of the telegraph, using apparatus which had been left by a stranded lecturer. This was tlic liegiiuiing of telegraphy in (^uincy.

iVboul this time Mrs. Sarah Denman entlowed the library with $5,000, which the management increased to $15,000. The institution continued to enjoy the income from this fund till the change leading to the present free iiublic library and reading room. That change grew out of a proposal by the Quincy Lil)rary definitely decided on at a meeting of the stockholders', JIarch 14, 1887. At that meeting the report of the executive committee, consisting of Joseph Lyman, Mrs. J. R. Dayton, Lorenzo Bull, F. W. Meyer, J. N. Sprigg, Charles H. Bull and C. F. Perry, was presented and adopted. The jiroposal was that the library use its funds to buy ground, and build and ecpiip a suitable permanent building for a Free Public Library and Reading Room, if the city would agree by ordinance to appropriate not le.ss than $5,000 annually toward the maintenance of the institution. The city promptly accepted the ])roposition, which was set forth in oi'dinance .\o. 60, which was approved June 22, 1887, by J. M. Bishop, mayor. At the time of the transfer the Quiuey Library was owned by about 100 persons and its benefits limited to about 'M)ii persons out of a population of about 35.(1(10. It was estimated that the property to be turned over t(^ the city, including the lot to be bought, would amount to about $25.- 000. But through the unexpected generosity of citizens who approved the movement, the lot at tiic southwest corner of Fourth and .Maine sti'eets, on which th? library now stands, was bought and donated to the institution at a cost of over $12,000, and other citizens contributed to the building fund, so that the value of the property transferred was over $40,000. The private library had about 5.000 volumes at that time, which were turned over to the new library. The corner stone of the Free Public Librai-y and T\eading Room was laid with im- ])osing ceremonies, the afternoon of May 31, 1888. Mr. Lorenzo Bull was the chief speaker, and from his historical revie^v most of the foregoing facts are taken. The building was opened as a Free Public Library and Reading Room, June 24, 1889. The Historical Societv Room, second floor, was founded July 28, 1896. The Ti-aveling School Librai-v, a gift of the

Women's Clubs, was donated Feb. 13, 1899. The total number of volumes in the library May 31, 1904, was 29,709. The average daily attendance in the Reading Room for that year was 165. The total number of readers for that year, was 57,569. The receipts for the year ending June 9, 1904. were $6,971, the disbursements being about $200 less. Such has been the management of the institution that its growth, popularity and usefulness have been rapid and highly gratifying. During the recent years, the increase in jiatronage has been so large as to elicit much comment. Additional room will soon be a necessity. Mr. Charles Henry Bull has been president of the board of directors from the beginning. Following are the terms of the successive librai-ians: Arthur W. Tyler, 1889-1892: James Gallaher, 1S92-4; Miss Martha Pilger, acting librarian. .March 1894 to August 1894: John (J. Moulton, 1894-8: Miss Elizabeth B. Wales, 1898-1902: Miss Margaret Ringier, 1902, incumbent 1905.

Following are the present officers and directoi's of the Free Public Library and Reading Room: Charles Henry Bull, president: Dr. J. B. Shawgo, vice president : Louisa !M. Robl)ins, secretary: Herman lleidbreder, treasui'er. The officers togethei- with ]\Irs. Anna S. Woods, .Mrs. Constance E. Ellis, Rev. John P. Brennan, Wni. (t. Peigenspau and Homer M. Swope c(unprise the directors.

(^luiucy has alw.iys had an excellent supply of musical talent, for the purpose of developing which many organizations and institutions have existed at various times. The Qiuney Conservatory of Music, now located at the southwest corner of P^ourth and Jersey streets, was fou.ndetl as a private school. Nov. 25, 1885, by II. Bretherick, whose interests were bought by a stoid\ company, which was incorporated in 1S91. Carl A. Heinzen was the first director, the succeeding directors being H. H. Hunt, Waltei- Spry, (i. W. Chadwick and H. D. Jackson, the latter having owned and conducted the Conservatory since 1902. The Felt-Turner Studio of .Music, located at No. -)17 1-3 Hampshire street, in the Schott building, was estalDlished in June, 1903, by the :\Iisses Lulu M. Felt and Sally E. Turner. There are also a number of excellent private music teachers in the city.

(^)uincy is M^ell supplied with oi-ganizations c(|uipiH'd and founded for social purposes. Among the most prominent of these, which have their own club rooms or rooms for club purposes and social gatherings, may be men-

The Quiufj' Countiy Club was organized in tlie spring of 181)!). and is located on Twentyfoui'th street a shoi't distance south of State street. The urdiiiids are several acres in extent, on which are located the club house, golf links, tenuis courts and bowling alleys. The golf liidvs have nine holes and are of the tinest in the- whole country. The club house was luiilt by the Coinitry Club House Company, caijitalized at $6,000, and is perfect in all its appointments, which include card rooms, a kitchen, parlors and a large ball room. South of the club house is a large well shaded porch overlooking the golf links and the surrounding ccuuitry, from which point members and their IViends who do not like to play golf, may watch the others. The present officers of the club are : Diekerson jMcAfee, president ; Thomas Burrows, treasurer, and L. E. Emmons, Jr., secretai-y.

Quiney Lodge 100, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, was organized June 2H. 1901, the leaders in the movement including Dr. R. A. Gardner. A. M. Suhler. Geo. H. Dashwood and others. The lodge now has 230 members. The present principal officers are : Dr. J. H. Rice, exalted ruler; W. E. Kendall, esteemed leading knight ; J. H. Connelly, esteemed loyal knight : J. ]\[. Hymen, esteemed lecturing knight ; Dr. F. E. Tull, secretary ; B. F. Porter, treasurer. The Elks recently leased new rooms in the building on the southwest corner of Sixth avenue and Maine sti'eet, which they will occupy about September 1st. These rooms are to be fitted up as billiard room, reading room, lounging room and ample lodge rooms.

The Osaukees are a local organization, in its fifth year. They have a membership limited to thirty, which number comprises many of the young business and professional men of the city. Their club rooms are centrally located in the Schott building on Hampshire street between Si.xth and Seventh streets. This organization, which was founded for social purposes, chiefly, have given entertainments that have been among the most succe.ssfid ever undertaken in the city. Their parlors are well furnished and arranged for club purposes. Their officers are : Fred Reed, president : D. L. Musselman, Jr., secretary, and Joseph C. Ivins, treasurer.

St. Boniface Social Club was organized January, 1905, among the young men members of St. Boniface Church. They occupy their own building on Eighth .street between Maine and Hampshire streets, and it has the distinction of being the only Quiney club which occupies exclusively its own building in the down town district. This club is well equipped with everything needed for the recreation and social advantage of its members, being one of the finest in the city. Its officers are: President, Edward Sohm; secretary, Frank Weisenhorn : treasurer. Joseph J. Fisher.

The several orders of the Masons in Quiney occupy large beautiful parlors and lodge rooms on ]\Iaine street, just west of those to be occupied by the Elks. On the second floor are the ladies" parlors, billiard and reading rooms; on the third floor are the lodge rooms, which upon nights of social meetings may be turned into large card rooms, ball rooms or parlors. The dining room and kitchen are located on the fourth floor, and here the refreshments are served to members and their invited guests. These rooms were first built in 1899 and have since been refitted and improvements made until they are a source of pride to the members. The Board of Control of the i\Iasonic Parlors are: John T. Inghram, Robert A. Kiefer, S. A. Lee. E. G. Homer. Dr. J. H. Rice, Wilton C. White and Charles Oehlmann.

Chapter Xli

QUINCY'S CHI'RCHES - GKNER.4I> IXF( )RM,\TION .\BOUT THE V.\RIOl'.'-; DEXOMIN.AT ll )X.S IN THE CITY - WHEX THEY ORKUXAT 10 1 1 - COST OF BUILDINGS - .SrCCE.S.SIVE I'ASTdRS, ETC.

The Congregational Church

In 1828 Rev. Jabez Porter, of Massachusetts, came to Quiney in search of health. He taught a small school in the log courthouse at the southeast corner of the public square. Here he organized a Sunday School and called the people together for Sunday services. His health rapidly declined, and towards the close of the year 1829 he died, and his body was buried in Jefferson Square. November, 1830, Rev. Asa Turner, Jr., of Templeton, Mass., came to Quiney, as a missionary of the Amei'iean Home Missionary Society. Under his agency the first church of any name organized in Quiney. was formed, consisting of the following members, viz : Amos Bancroft, Adelia Bancroft, Rufus Brown, Nancy Brown, Peter Felt. Mary Felt. Henry IT. Snow, Lucy K. Snow, Levi Wells, Anna Wells, Maria Robbins, ^Margaret Rose, Martha Turner, Daniel Henderson, and Hans Patten. This band of fifteen took the covenant of an organized Christian fellowship on Saturday afternoon, December 4, 1830, in the log house of Peter Felt at the

-southwest coi-iii r ot ^Maine and Fourth streets. At first they called the ehurch Presbyterian. becau.se, as llr. Turner .said: "We knew no better," but Oetober ID, 1833, they changed the name, by a iiiianiiiious vote, in harmony with their actual polily, and were afterwards known as The First Congregational Church.

Worshipping by turns in the private residence of Rufu.s Hi'own, and in the log courthouse, they rejoicetl at the end of the first year to lind themselves in iiossession of a room twenty feet square. (i\-i'r the residence of hevi Wells, at till' southwest corner of i\Iaiiie and Fifth .streets. Soon finding them.selves too closely confined within these narrow walls, they built a chapel '.'-Jxl'li feet on Fourth street, betwen Maine and -lersey. The I'ccoi-ds call it a "Meeting Ilonse." but it was c(nnmouly knov,-n as "The Lord's Barn." The seats and pulpit Avere of planed boards. The bell, earned and paid for by the needle work and enterprise of the women, was suspended in the rear of the church on two poles, and the bell rope entered the house through a hole in the wall. Here, until some time in 1838. a little more than seven years, ^[r. Tui-nei' , labored, gathering into the chuieh two hundred and forty-four [)ei'sons. This large increase was partly due to the frec(uent protracted meetings, held on the eam]i gi'cnnid of ten acres, oAvned liy the ehnrcli.

In April, 1S4(), Uev. Iloi'atio Foote entered here on his pastoi-al A\-oi'k. Sixty-nine persons were added to the eliurcli dui'ing the year 1840, and during the se\-en and one-half years of Mr. Foote's ministi-y. one hundred and seventy-three Avere received to the church.

ileanwhile the church had outgi'own its fii-st "fleeting House." and on the tir.st day of March. 18-12. a second house, at the corner of Fifth and .lersey streets, was dedicated.

June 8, 1847. canu- a separation. A part of the church with the pastcir withdrew, organized a society known as the Center Congregational Clinreh. and built a house of worship at the coi'ncr of Jersey and Foui-fh sti'eets.. After a seiiaration of tAventy-tAVo A-ears. the church Avas I'ennited ^March ti, ISIil), under the name of The First Union Congregation;d Church. It was decided to sell both of the old church liuildings, and to erect a more commodious house of Avorshii) in another ]mrt of the city. A lot Avas ])in'chased at the corner of Maine and TAvelfth sti'eets. and the present church building Avas erected at a total cost (for lot and edifice) of s{;l)3,l)()(). The chapel Avas first occupied January IDth. 1873. and the main edifice October 18th," 1874.

The Vermont Street M. K. Church

The first Methodist class was organized in Quiney in 1831, and cojitinued to hold meetings till the spring of 1833. Aviien the (diolera pravailed in Quincy and nearly broke up the (dass. There Avas no class-meeting oi-ganization until June. 1835. Avhen the (dass was I'eorganized. The tirst class was organized by Rev. Spencer W. lluntei-. who had been appointed in the fall of 1830 to the Atlas Cireiiit. which included everything from the niniitli of the Illinois River to Cant(.)n in Fulton County. In the fall of 1832 Quiney was made a cii-cuit. and supplied by Rev. David !>. Carter. In 1834 Rev. James Hadley Avas sent to the (.^nincy circuit, and Contiiuied to preacdi in toAvn once in tAvo oi- thi'ee Aveeks during the yeai'. The old log courthouse. Avhi(di stood on the east side of the public sipuire. Avas generally used as a meeting-house. At the (.'onference of 1835, Quiney Avas made a mission statiini, and Rev. Peter R. Borin Avas appointed to the charge, the class then consisting of fifteen members.

'fhe cotu'thouse Avas burned December 9, 1835, and services Avere then held in a log cabin on Jersey street, near Fifth. The society hoav began the erection of the (diiirch biiihling. afterwards known as the "Old Fort." located on \'erniont street, (ii)posite the present courthouse, wliei'e the engine house noAv staiuls, and the s<uith half of the basement, being a bi'ick struct\ire fifty feet square, Avas finished and dedicated December 25, 1836. The Fort"" having ])ecouu^ too small, it Mas sold in the sunimer of lS(i5. and the old Kendall Hall, on the southwest c(n-ner of .Maine and Si.xth, was used as a place of Avorship until destroyed by fire in June, 1867. Services were then held at the old college, noAV Jefferson School. The society bought the present churidi lot in 1865, and moved the old M. P. Church, Avhich stood

This huildinu' was sold in 187;") and the present strnetnre hettun, AYhile it was huilding. the society worshipped in the old Westminster Presbyterian Church on Hampshire street, between ninth and tenth, where the Tnrner Hall now stands. The lower room was dedicated on the first Sunday in 1877, and the upper story finished and the church re-dedicated on November 25, 1888. The whole cost of the church was a little over $65,000.

Atlas And Quincy Circuits

Pollowing a preliminary meeting held December 17. 1839, tlie Pirst Presbyterian Church of (,)iiini-y was formally organized Sunday, January 19. 1840. Vv'ith twenty-two nu^mbers, services being held in the old court house. Levi Wells, A. il. Hoffman and Philip Skinner were the first elders. Rev. Nichols, then of Columbus, delivered the first sermon. On February 17, 1840, the following trustees were elected: Samue! 1'. ('hurch, William A. Wood and J. D. Robinsdu. The last named is still living and is an officer in the church. A Sunday school was organized at the same time that trustees were elected. On ^larch 4. 184(1. the congregation called Rev. J. J. ilai-ks of Marion county, [Missouri as its first jjastor. The ministers and terms of service follow : Revs. James J. .Marks, 1840-1865: George I. King, 1865-1867 : J. Addison Priest, 1868-1875 : Newman Smvthe, 1875-1882; Jolm S. Haves, 1883-1885: R.' V. Atkiss(m, 1885-1890: John K. Black, 1891-1894: John :\I. Linn. 1894-1895: Ilenrv T. ^Millei-. 1895-1897; H. R. Marquis, 1897-1899: Wm, Wylie, 1899-1900; Edwin M. Clingan, December 1, 1900, the present pastor. The first building was located on the siuith side of ]\Iaine, between Sixth and Seventh. The present structure was ready for dedication when burned in January, 1878. It was rebuilt and dedicated November 30, 1879, both buildings costing $100,000. The present membership is 400, w-ith a total enrollment in 65 years of 1,625. The Sunday school membership is 200.

The Christian Church

vin, C. B. Edgar, .]. ^\. (ioodwin. J. II. Rudy, L. H. Stine, W. W. Burks and W. Jordan, the latter being the present pastor. The pastorate of Rev. J. T. Toof was the longest, covering a period of nine years. The present membership is slightly in excess of (500.

The present honse of worship at Ninth and Broadway was built during the pastorate of Rev. D. R. Howe and has a valuation of probably $15,000. In addition the society owns the Christian Union Chapel, at 25th and High streets, built at a cost of $1,300. exclusive of the lot, which was donated by M. W. McMasters. Another donation of two lots on the southwest corner of 4th and Locust has recently been iiiiidc l>y !Mi-s. Emily Bootli Turner.

The Vermont Street Baptist Church

The Vermont Street Baptist church was formally organized April 27, 1856, at a meeting of the Ecclesiastical Council held for that purpose in the First Baptist church. The Rev. B. B. Carpenter was moderator and the Rev. J. A. Smith clerk of the Council, to which body some forty-two jiersons presented their names for membership in the new church. The iirst preliminary meeting by members of the First Baptist church, with a view to organizing a new church, was held in March, 1855, at the residence of the late John Seaman. The new church was nameil The Vernnjnt Street Baptist Church at a meeting held at the same place September 11, 1855. May 27, 1856, the church elected its first board of permanent officers, namely, the Rev. Horace Wordeii. moderator ; J. B. Bernard, clerk, and Elijah Gove, treasurer; trustees, Elijah Gove. John Seaman, A. C. fjightfiidt and J. C. Bernard. The Sunday school \\'as organized September 29, 1856. The first minister of the church was the Rev. Joseph R. Manton, of Clarksville, Tenn. The succeeding ministers have been the Revs. A. M. Hopper, H. M. Galleher, Frank Remington, Thomas Goodspeed, F. D. Riekerson. J. D. Englisli, Leo. :M. Woodruff. W. A. Stanton, R. M. Harrison, W. S. Peace, E. A. Ince, Rans<im Harvey and the present pastor, the Rev. J. W. Kramer, who took charge in November, 1904. The church building, located at Seventh and Vermont streets, was dedicated Wednesday evening, October 7, 1857. It cost about .$35.(10(1. The parsonage, built in 1868, cost about $4,400, The present membership of the chui-ch is aliout 400. This church has established two chapels. Spruce Street Chapel, at Fifth and Spruce streets, was establishd in the spring of 1869. The building cost about $1,000. Emanuel Chapel,

The First Baptist Church

July 4, 1835, a meeting was held, of which Ebenezer Turner was chairman and J. T. Osgood secretary. The meeting was adjourned to August 29th, for the purpose of constituting a church, which became the First Baptist Church. The ministers present at that meeting were Revs. John Clark, Alvin Baily and C. (ireenleaf. The church consisted of eight members. For a time meetings were held in the old Saft'ord school house at Fifth and Jersey streets. August 13, 1836, the church applied for admission to the Salem Association. April 12, 1837, the church bought a lot on Fourth street, between Hampshire and Vermont, on which a small frame Iniilding was erected. March 10, 1838, the Rev. Ezra Fisher became pastor. The successive pastors of the church have been Revs. E. C. Brown. S. S. Parr, Aaron Jackson. W. W. Keep. D. M. Whitman, J. V. Schofield, C. E. Bristol. John KeJlv, S. A. Taft. A. B. JliUer, W. D. Clark, Chas. Whiting, William Waller, W. D. Clark, W. P. Everett, C. T. Chaffee, H. H. Branch, J. A. Shaw, George Gnirey, R. V. Meigs. April 14, 1856, thirty-eight members of this church withdrew and formed the Vermont Street Ba])tist Church. The present building of the First Ha])tist church, at the southwest corner of Fourth and Jersey streets, was bought in the spring of 1869 of the Congregationalists for $26,500. Between 900 and 1,000 souls are administered to through this church.

The Unitarian Church

Unitarianism first appeared iu tlic I'nited States in 1825 - the year in which (^uincy was founded - and fifteen years later, or December 29, 1840, the first Unitarian church was organized in Quincy. The church was organized within the Second Congregational Society of Quincy, which was formed May 31, 1839, as a result of meetings held by ilr. Huntington, who was jireceded here a few weeks by Rev. Wm. G. Elliot of St. Louis, who came here early in April and preached in the court house Friday evening and Sunday morning. October. 1840. the first church building was dedicated. It stood on leased groinid on Maine strcM't, between Third and Fourth streets. The building and appurtenances cost $1,135. The first minister was Rev. George L. Moore, whose first sermon was preached the first Sunday in December, 1840. Mr. Moore died March 11. 1847. In 1851 a new church building was ci'ccted, at a cost of $2,343. on the south side of Jersey, above Sixth, the ifround costing i^lOO. The present chiireh on ]\Iaine street, between Sixtli anil Seventh, was erected in 1858. and cost about .$18,500. The Sunday school room in the rear was built ten years later and cost $4,000. Following are the names of the successive mini.sters of the church : Revs. George L. iloore, Mordecai De Lange, William A. Fuller. Liberty Billings. Martin W. Willis. Sylvan S. Huntington. Frederick L. Hosmer. James Vilas Blake. Francis S. Thatcher, John Timis, Charles F. Bradley. Samuel Horner, Samuel L. Elberfeld and the present minister. Rev. W. Pearson. The present church membership is about 150.

St. John'S Cathedral

St. John's Parish was organized on Easter Dav, March 26, 1837, by the Rt. Rev. Philander Chase, D. D., Bishop of Illinois. The first church building was occupied on Sunday. December 31, of the same year. It was a frame 24x35 feet, and .stood upon Sixth street on the corner of the alley between Hampshire and Vermont streets. An edifice of stone, on the corner of Seventh and Hampshire streets, was erected and occupied in 1853. This was enlarged in 1868 by the addition of transepts and chancel. The chapel in the rear was built about the year 1880. The Rev. John Sellwood was the first rector in October, 1837. After a year he was succeeded by the Rev. James Lauug, who remained for eighteen months. The Rev. George P. Giddings took charge in April. 1841. and served until October. 1856. He died in 1861 and is buried in the church lot in Woodland Cemetery. The parish was successively served for short tiTues by the Revs. Wm. Rudder, Alex. Capron. John H. Egar and Henry N. Strong. In 1865 the Rev. Sidney Corbett became rector and administered the parish for ten years. He was succeeded by the Rev. Wm. A. Fiske. and he by the Rev. Edward A. Larrabee.

In 1877, that portion of the Diocese of Illinois west of the Illinois River and south of the counties of Whiteside and Ijee. was set off to form the New Diocese of Quiney and the Rev. Alexander Burgess was consecrated as its first Bishop in 1878. St. John's church was then deeded to the Bishop as the Cathedral Church of the Diocese. The parish organization was changed accordingly and the pastor of the congregation was made the Dean of the Cathedral the Revs. Robert Ritchie and C. C. Leman served as such. Bishop Burgess died October 8, 1901. and was succeeded by the Rt. Rev. Frederick W. Taylor. D. D.. who died April 26, 1903. The present Bishop is the Rt. Rev. M. Edward Faweett, Ph. D., who was consecrated January 20, 1904. The present Dean is the Very Rev. Walter H. Moore, who was appointed by Bishop Burgess in August, 1892. The church building has a seating capacity of 800; there are about 425 communicants and the parish ministers to about a thousand souls.

The First German M. E. Church

The First German ^I. E. Church in Quiney was founded in October, 1844, by Rev. Philip Barth. who was sent here from St. Louis by Rev. Jacobi, presiding elder. The church was oi'ganized in March, 1845, with twenty-eight members. In July, 1846. the first church building was erected at 514 Jersey street. In 1854 a new church was built on the same site, which building is now the uatatorium. In 1873 the Bethel :\I. E. Church, a branch of the First German Church, w-as established at Twelfth and Jefferson streets. In 1901, the parent church erected the present building at p]ighth and Kentucky streets, the cost being about $20,000. The 'last of the indebtedne.ss of this church was paid oft' in 1905. and January 22 the fact was made the occasion for a jubilee service. Following are the names of the successive pastors of the First German M. E. Church: Revs. Philip Barth, William Schreck, William Herminghauf, Sebastian Barth, Philip Barth, Casper Yost, II. F. Hoenecke. Charles Holtmann. George Boeshenz. John Walter. David Hitene. Dr. John Schmidt. George L. Jlulfinger, Henry Ellerbeek, David riuene. Henry Fiegenbaum, David Heune, Henry Ellerbeek, E. C. ^Margaret. George Beuhuer, John Schlagenhauf. ]\I. Roeder. William Wilkenning. C. A. C. Areliard. Henry Schutz, J. F. Froeschle. Franz Piehler, George Heidel, the latter being the present pastor.

ilarch 14, 1853, the First Bapti.st church, by H. M. Lewis, clerk, isstied a certificate to "Brother and Si-ster F. W. Gladfelt, Brother Charles i\Iaertz, Brother Charles West, Brother Gotlieb Stengel, and Sister Louisa D. Loos," stating that they were members in good standing in the First Baptist church, and that, at their request, they were dismissed from the church, "to unite in organizing a German Baptist church in Quiney, Illinois." The church thus organized is located at Tenth and Washington streets, where the building was erected in 1873. The names of the various ministers of the church are. the Rev. C. Rohs. F. 6. Petreit. Wm. Liphoerdt. John Kohrs, F. G. Wolter, G. Transchel and the present pastor, the Rev. H. Schroeder.

Salem Evangelical Church

la April. 1S4S, Kev. Christoph Jung eom- Hieuced to hokl tliviiie services at No. 725 Maine street, Quincy, 111. Soon a number of his hearers were willing to form a congregation, which they called "The Salem German Evangelical Congregation of Quincy, Adams County, Illinois." They considered themselves as a part of the Evangelical Church, as the same is represented by the (Jerman Evangelical Synod of North America.

The members of the young Salem congregation were soon allowed to hold their religious meetings in the old Congregational Church, northwest corner of Fifth and Jersey streets. The late Governor Wood donated the northeast corner lot of Ninth and State streets for the purpose of building thereon the necessary house of worship. During the summer of 1848 a brick building, 36 feet wide and 48 feet long, was erected on this lot ; also a small parsonage. The total cost of the material for these buildings was about $3,000; the labor was done gratuitously by members of the congregation. The dedication of the new church occurred Thanksgiving Day, 1848.

The records of the Salem church show that the first baptismal took place on the ninth of April, 1848, the candidate being John Henry Proett. The first marriage occurred on April 24, 1848, when John Henry Meyer and Miss Johanna Burgdorf were joined in the holy bonds of matrimony. The first funeral was held on May 2, 1848, over the body of Mrs. Caroline F. Sehnelle, nee Reitemeyer, deceased, wife of Gottlieb D. Sehnelle.

The first officers of the Salem church were Charles Jliehel, president; George Gutaphels, secretary: John Schoenemann, treasurer: William Sciioettger, Frank Kehlenbrink, George Ludwig, trustees.

In the spring of 18.'>2 the first school building was erected. In June, 1852, Rev. Christoph Jung was obliged to resign on account of sickness contracted during the cholera epidemic. His successor in the ministry was Rev. S. Liese. Mr. A. Heinekamp became teacher of the parochial school in September, 1852. Four years later the lot adjoining the east line of the chui'ch property was bought. In October. 1857, gas instead of coal oil was used for illuminating purposes. On the 16th of June, 1858, a Sunday school was organized. In May. 1860, Rev. S. Liese left the congregation and took with him all but forty-seven of the voting members of the cougregaticui. when Rev. Simon Kuhlenhoelter commenced his pastoral work, which he pursued for nearly twenty-two years up to his death. In May. 1861, the congregation joined the Evangelical Synod of North America. In 1862 a new parsonage was built. An addition to the church became necessary in 1863 for the accommodation of the church goers. In 1875 Greenmount Cemetery opened its gates for burial of deceased members. During the years 1876 and 1877 the present commodious church building, with a seating capacity of more than 1,200, was erected for the "sum of $50,000.

On New Year's day, 1882, after a short sickness. Rev. S. Kidilenhoelter died. Four months later Rev. Louis Von Rague became pastor of Salem church. In 1885 the pai'sonage was enlarged and a steam heating plant was put in the school house.

Early in 1893 Rev. L. Von Rague resigned aiul in April Rev. Julius C. Kramer, the present pastor, was elected. During this year the parsonage was renovated and State street was graded and paved. In May, 1894, a member donated the beautiful tower clock with illuminated dials at a cost of over $1,500. During the same year the church building and the school house were repaired and painted and the interior of the church was frescoed and beautified at the expense of the Young Ladies' Society. In the year 1895 occurred the sewering of the whole property, and the separation of the stable and outhouses. In July, 1896, the new organ, costing $6,000, gift of the good ladies, was dedicated. Over 4,000 souls are ministered to from Salem church.

Church

August 10, 1851, in the old school building on Fifth street, between York and Kentucky, was the date and place of the beginning of St. Jacobi church, whose formal organization followed soon afterward, and in the same year was the beginning of the parochial school. The first church building, whicli still stands, was erected at Seventh and Jersey streets. In 1866 the present church at Eighth and Washington streets was erected at a co.st of ab(nit $15,000. The various buildings and realty of the chTirch now represent a value of about $50,000. St. church is notable for the few changes in pastors. The Rev. Aiigu.st Schmieding, the first pastor, served from 1851 till 1875, when he resigned and was succeeded by the Rev. Wm. Hallerberg. In 1904 Mr. Hallerberg, owing to advanced age and infirmity, resigned the first pastorate, on which the congregation elected his sou. Rev. Wm. Hallerberg, Jr.. to the position, retaining the father as the assistant. The church now ministers to 2,200 souls and has 1,300 communicants and 275 voting male members. The Simday School Teachers' Society has thirty-five members - there are 400 Sunday school scholars; the Immanuel Young People's Society has seventytwo members and the Ladies' Aid Society 140 members.

The Evangelical Lutheran Church

This is by far the oldest German Protestant church in Quincy, reaching back as far as 1837. It is located at No. 325 South Seventh street. The first pastor was the Rev. Mr. Hunholz, who appears to have been here prior to 1837, gathering people to form a congregation that was to be German and Protestant. The second pastor was the Rev. Johann (xumbuU, who organized the congregation in 1837 and erected the first" church building in 1838. The first roll of contributing members in 1838 comprised 102 genuinely (ierman names. About January, 1840, the Rev. Carl Ludwig Daubert became pastor, but served only till the fall of 1841. The succeeding pastors have been the Revs. Conrad Drude, 1841-42 ; Wilhelm Bauermeister, 1843-45 ; Christoph Jung, 1845-48 ; Friederieh Rei.ss. some months; Conral Kuhl, 1848-50; I. N. Geitz, 18.50-52: James M. Harkey. till August. 1855: Christian Popp, 1855- 6l": Wilhelnr Baumstark, 1861-63 : Jakob Seidel, 1864-74: Louis Hoelter, 1874-78; Albert Willner, 1878-92 : Louis Zahn. 1892-1901. May 26, 1901. ilr. Zahn died of apoplexy while delivering an address at the laying of the corner stone of St. Jacobi's school building, at P^ighth and Washington .streets. The Rev. Wni. Schaller, the seventeenth pastor of St. John's church, and who is the present pastor, took charge November 23. 1901. The church has about 400 communicants, and ministers to about 800 souls.

First Church Of Christ Scientist Of Quincy, Ill

A little band known as Quincy Society of Christian Scientists, which was organized June 30, 1889. and held weekly meetings in a private house, met by appointment, September 28, 1891, for the purpose of organizing a church. The church was duly organized September 28, 1891. and incorporated under the State Law of Illinois as "Quincy Church of Christ Scientist," and is a branch of the Mother Church, the First Church of Christ, Scientist, in Boston, Mass. Mai'tha I. Lambert. Georgia Bugbee and John Wood. Jr., were elected trustees, eighteen persons signing their names as charter members. Janiiary 4, 1896, by vote of its members, this name was changed to "First Chui-ch of Christ Scientist" of Quincy, 111. In the beginning of its liistory this church organized and has maintained a Sunday school. In March, 1900, the church opened a Reading Room, in compliance with a by-law of the manual of the Mother church, where autlioi-ized Christian Science literature may be read or purchased if desired. This room is open daily to the public, except Sunday.

October 16, 1891, Mrs. Mary B. Hinckley was elected pastor and served in "this capacity until October, 1892, when she resigned, and Mrs. Martha I. Lambert was appointed to conduct the services. In 1895 Rev. ilary Baker G. Eddy ordained the Bible and "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures," pastor of the denomination. Hereafter the services were to be conducted by two persons known as First and Second Readers. The Christian Science Quarterly contains the Lesson-Sermons, which are read at the Sunday services in all the Christian Science churches. These lessons present citations from the Bible and "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures." The First Reader conducts the principal part of the Sunday services, and the Wednesday evening meetings and reads the correlative texts in "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures. " ' The Second Reader reads the Bible texts. The readings from the Scripture precede the reading from Science and Health. ^Martha I. Lambert was elected as First Reader, and John Wood, Jr., as Second Reader for one year, and were re-elected for seven consecutive years. Then Mr. Wood declined re-election, and Cicero Ho.skins was elected Second Reader. The latter served two years in this capacity. In August, 1901, a call came from Mrs. Eddy to all Christian Science churches to elect new Readers every three years. At this time both Readers resigned, and Mr. Hopkins was appointed to fill the unexpired term of the First Reader, and Miss Carrie Somerville as Second Reader. At the annual meeting in October both were elected for three years and are the present Readers. The services of this church Mere fir.st held in a pi'ivate house, then in Sons of Veterans' Hall on Maine street: from here they moved to the Newcomb building, corner of 4th and IMaine .streets, thence to the southea.st corner of Eighth and Hampshire streets. In October. 1904, they moved to the Hebrew Temple, the present place of worship.

The Luther Memorial Church

The Luther ilemorial Church of Quincy, 111., was organized on July 19, 1891, in a building near the corner of Eighth and Maine .streets, known as "the old police station." There were fifty charter members. The society was organized to supply what many felt

Within two years the congregation purchased the lot at the corner of Twelfth and Jersey streets and began the erection of its present beautiful edifice, a large, stone church, admirably equipped and costing, with the lot, about $28,000. The church was completed and fully occupied in the spring of 1895, though the congregation began to use the chapel, which was tii'st completed, about a year earlier.

During the fourteen .vears of its histoiy the church has had but thiee pastors - Rev. D. A. Shettler (1891-189(i ), Rev. II. A. Ott (ISOfi- 1900), and Rev. Edward P. Schueler, present incumbent, 1905. The communicant membership of the church has grown until it now numbers 350.

The present church ofticcrs are: Elders, George M. Lemley, E. M. Thomason, Joseph Harvey : Deacons, C. W. Breitweiser, J. L. Pipe, Val. J. Kiem, W. H. Purpus. Edward Ilopke and John Schmiedeskamp.

The church maintains an interesting and prosperous Sunday school, with an enrollment of 280 scholars. The pastor is the superintendent, and the other ofiicers are: II. II. Crimm, secretary; Albert Huseman. assistant secretary; Miss Agnes Cormeny, treasure)'; and IMiss Bertha Ileidbreder, pianist.

The school is organized into twenty-two classes, and is manned b.v a capable corps of teachers, the primarv department being in charge of Mrs. C. W. Breitweiser.

Other organizations are The Ladies' Social Union, the Luther League, the Forget-me-not Society and the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Societ.v.

A little monthly parish papei-. the "]\Ionitor," is published by the pastor, and supplies a medium for keeping the members and friends of the church informed with regard to the life and work of the congregation.

Though one of the youngest religious (n-ganizations of Quincy, the Luther IMemorial Church shows results which full.v .justify the wisdom of its institution and the expectation of a future career of great usefulness ami success.

St. Peter'S Evangelical Lutheran

St. Peter's Evangelical Lutheran Church, corner of Ninth and York sti-eets, was built in 1875. It is early English (Jothic architecture, 50x100 feet, built of brick and stone and having a slate roof. St. Peter's, with Herman Ileidbreder, Herman Breute, Loranz Lepper, George Goodapple, Peter ]\Ieyer, Jacob Herman, Bernard Meyer, Henry Beibigheuser.

George Keller, Nick Herlemaun, Cha:?. Rasche, Wm. Korte, Henry Korte, Caspar Voth, and others as earnest suppoi-ters, commenced holding services in 1860.

It seems that these men were all members of the Salem Evangelical Church, at Ninth and State streets, with liev. Simon Liese as their pastor. In the spring of 1860, because of differences which arose in the church between the congregation and the pastor, about sixty families, with Rev. Liese, separated from the Salem Church. They bought the little frame church at Eleventh and Vermont streets, and removed it to the corner of Ninth and York. It was torn down in 1875 to make room for the building now there. This latter building cost about $14,000. In 1866 the two-story brick school house was built for $4,000. In 1889 the present parsonage was erected at a cost of $1,600. Rev. Simon Liese served twenty-five years as pastor of this clnii'ch, and it is owing to him chiefly that the chui'cli was able to rise out of its difficulties and become the prosperous society it now is. Rev. Liese is .still living in this city and his home is on Chestnut and Twenty-second streets.

He was succeeded by George Eisele, who served for one and one-half years. W. ]\I. Schlinkman took charge in 1837 and has been the pastor since that time. There are about one hundred and twenty voting members of the church - that is, men oidy, over twenty-one years of age, but about two hundred families are connected with it.