Quincy Township (part 16 of 74)

Havoi-, now much sought after, but seldom appreciated when they were so plentiful. Wild flavored meat was so common that many did not care to shoot the Prairie Chicken, on account of the dark flesh, and it was not then considered a delicacy. The J'rairie Chicken struts like a turkey gobbler when undisturbed among its kind, making a very peculiar roaring sound that may seem very near or very far away. At such time, two little wings on the side of the neck of the male rise perpendicularly above his head. Just underneath and where the little wings rest when in repose, the skin of the neck assumes a fiery red color when he goes through his strutting and crowing performance. When they existed here in flocks of two or three hundred, in the spring of the year, .just after sunrise, the air was full of their buzzing or roaring sounds.

The "honks" of the Canada Wild Geese, as they followed their leader, an Amazon, in V shaped flocks, are now seldom heard. Lima Lake in this county was once a great resort for them. Their habit was to leave the lakes and river by hundreds before sunrise and settle down into the wheat and corn fields upon the blutfs and farther inland, until about ten o'clock in the morning. Then all would return to the river and lakes until ab(nit four o'clock in the afternoon when they would return to the fields and stay and feed until after dark, then go back to the water for the night with great noise. They were very regular about it until late in the fall and sometimes all winter if the weather was mild. Parboiled before baking, a Avild goose is a delicacy, and very accejjtable to any one because of the wild flavor. His black head and white marked throat are not often seen in the markets or elsewhere. They domesticate readily, and become quite tame, liut when so, are only waiting to try their wings for a final goodbye. They are destined to early extinction.

The Brant, or Brand goose, and the China (ioose. which is nearly white and smaller, but similar to our tame ones, migrated in flocks, visited the fields for food, and returned to the water in exactly the same manner as the wild goose proper. The Brant is much quicker in fliiiht than the larger bird. The flesh is not considered nearly so good for the table, and often not fit to eat, on account of something eaten by them. Their habits are very similar to those of the wild goose.

The Wild Turkey can be distinguished from the tame ones, since the domesticated fowl have quite roiuid eyes, while of those of the wild turkey are more elongated. No wild turkeys have been heard of in the loealitv for several years, aud none have been shipped, showing the scarcity. In the days when they w^ere numerous they were quite shy, but with time and patience and exceeding quiet they could be secured, by employing a tiirkey caller, made from the bone of a wild turkey's wing. A goose quill will answer the same purpose very well. It has to be manipulated by the mouth of the hunter, and the success wnll depend on the skill of the one using it. Wild turkey are very speedy on foot, but never fly very far. Their flesh is very much the same as that of the tame turkey, and much sought for.

There are three of the Gi'ossbeck family in this county, the Blue, the Red-breasted, and the Bullfinch. They are not old residents, but have been here several years, as if to .stay. They have very thick beaks and are feared even by the jaybirds, whom they will conquer whenever they come together in combat. The Bob-o- Link, or rice bird of the south, is sometimes heard and seen, but as yet is only a solitai-y visitoi'. These birds do not like the climate or the food for they seldom visit us, and never remain long. Nevertheless, they leave us with the charm of their song to remember them by. We have better songsters, however.

Every one knows of the English Sparrow, which is perceptibly losing ground, probably more through the ravages of rats and cats and the "butcher bird" than through the instriimentality of the indefatigable boy and his rubber shooter. They are prone to shelter and roost in comfortable places, as in barns, in the hay, where vermin can attack them easily. They have little sympathy from anj^ one. They are not native, but were brought from England several years ago. and for a time, they increased rapidly. They are good scavengers, and not so bad as their reputation makes them appear.

It is to be deplored that we have the game law which puts the Turtle Dove on the game bird list. The bird of the olive branch is not altogether a creature of sentiment. Extinction is only a question of time for the harmless dove, unless humanity gets the better of its politics in our legislature.

The Red-bird or Cardinal .stays in this latitude during mild winters, and his pleasant note of greeting, usually for his mate, who is sure not to be far away, is heard with pleasure, frequently at a time, when it may be the only sound of bird anywhere. It is said of him that he does not put his foot upon the ground, but a very close observer had the pleasure, the past spring, of seeing male and female on the ground.

warble, gentle little things, foretell us of springtime. They are great favorites with children, and are late to leave for a milder climate.

What shall be said of that rascally mocker and impudent blue beauty the Jay, who will sit on a ti-ee or a shed and imitate the screams of a hawk to perfection, scaring chickens from their food so that he can get it for himself? He loves his progeny so well that he will devour his young ones if they fall out of the nest. He will hold a grain of corn against a hard substance with his feet and pound it with his bill until he cracks it into small enough pieces to swallow, lie has more all-around mischief and mean intelligence than any other bird in this part of the country. He often stays through the winter. Some question the fact of his migration.

The bird that should be called the American Songster is the Brown Thrush or Thrasher, as his notes are infinitely sweeter than those of any other bird, not excepting the English mocking bird.

It is not generally known that we have a real member of the Cuckoo family, an annual visitor, under the name of "Rain Crow" or French Robin. It is shy and does not court close acquaintance, but is distinctly American. It is not like its English brother, that encourages boarding rather than building and sees to it that the eggs in which he is interested are laid in the vireo's nest or in that of some other small bird, that the ofl^^spring may be hatched and reared by them. The American Cuckoo mates and nests here regularh'. It builds its own nest and its mate broods and rears its own young. It is characteristic of this bird that it has a new mate each year. It deserves special mention for its vahie to the crop raiser. It will kill more caterpillars than its eats, aud is worth ten times more than any other bird to destroy the tent caterpillai. so says the best of authority. It is a trim, neat looking bird, if it does line its stomacli with caterpillar spines, which is literally true. Another peculiarity is that it has two toes in front and two behind on each foot. It is the Yellow Billed Cuckoo, a close relation to the Black Billed Cuckoo of the Atlantic States.

At present, Whippooi-wills do not greatly manifest the disjiosition to utter the notes which have given them their name, as they are gradually moving away into more quiet places.

swooping down in great curves through the air with their shrill cry and booming sound, and the noise of the rush of their wings thronging the air, with a .snapping whirr, are still in evidence, before a storm, in search of insect food. They do not build nests,

The Eed Wing Blackbird is usually found in iow ground, near water, as this seems to be his preference, and his ringing, bell-like notes apprise us of his arrival every season. It is a fine sight to watch him swell out his feathers all over himself, and show all the red on his wings when he sings.

Meadow Larks never xail to return to their old nesting place. They will look back as they fly away, on a person's approach, to see what one wants in their neighborhood. They belong to the blackbird family but it seems they must be very distant relations. The residents of the farms and villages, even to the small girls and boys, are glad when the lark comes back. The ground lark is a smaller bird, much along road sides and the fences. A nice little singer with a heart shaped mark on his breast, who lifts his little head and sends his few notes of song just as far as po.ssible.

Cow Black Birds do not build nests, but like the English Cuckoo lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. They impose on smaller birds to hatch their eggs and raise their ofifspring. They are smart, but do not have the pugnacious dispositions of their near of kin the cow-birds of Central Park, Los Angeles, California. Hundreds of tourists frequent here daily and here the cow-birds and mocking birds are very plentiful, the latter nesting in the trees. Wheii men are walking about the park, they are frequently startled by the sound of swift rush of little wings from somewhere above their heads. It is the cow-birds or mocking birds that are the offenders, who fly down fi'om the trees and peck and spur at the heads of the persons near them. The cow-birds are just as much interested, for they have, no doubt, laid their eggs in the mocking birds' nest. Strange to say, the birds have never molested the ladies in the pai-k. It is not clear whether they take them for friends or foes, possibly they do not want to hurt one of their own feathered tribe, which perchance may adorn the ladies' hats.

The Jack Snipe could not stand the pressure of modern civilization, for, he, too, is now a rare bird. It is the largest snipe here, and a fine eating gajue bird. It belongs to this section and frequents marshy ground. It can be domesticated and made a pet, but as it has an enormous appetite and lives on worms and bugs, is not desirable for that purpose.

The vei-y common Black Crow is an old native of these parts, and does not need any introduction. He knows too well how to introduce liimself in many ways not exactly correct.

for crow habits have no limitations. He is liere, and we all know him and his family too well. The crow is of considerable account, and it nuiy be the county does owe him a living. He takes no more than he needs. He does need a great deal, for his family is large and they must live and have a place to sleep. There is a large "crows' I'oost" near Quincy, in a large clump of evergreens, and all attempts to send it somewhere have failed. There are about three hundred in the flock. Every morning during winter they go out, one by one, into the adjoining country for miles around to forage. The.y are good enough to take only just enough grain from the man of the soil to make it not worth speaking of, or worth molesting the cniw. The.v return, at evening, in snuiU numliers at a time, caw-cawing about what they have done, and where they have been. The.y stay all winter, not migrating as the blackbirds so near of kin. The "crow roost" seems to be under a management that displays wonderful order or system. Its population is in- (-reasing yearly, and has outgrown its habitation, as the crows are evidently making eft'orts to locate new roosts not far from the old one ; in one chosen location, owing to the persistent barking of a small dog, the.v gave up the effort and (lit! not I'eturn.

The Kobin Red Breasts are earl.y comers, and they are the earliest singei's in the morning, and the latest heard in the evening. They are very l)us.v fellows among the bugs and worms. The.y will hop or walk about upon the ground, as suits them, looking for food. The.v will stop to listen with head to one side and suddenly dig into the ground with their bills and pull out the victim. Surely, the proverb "the early liird gets the worm" was never better exemplified. It is possible that the bird taps his foot on the ground to make the worm think it is raining, in order to induce him to come nearer the surface. Just as boys do when they dig fish bait, drive a stake in the ground and tap it with another stick to make the worms come up so the.y will not have to dig so deep. Robins are fine singers. Their notes, however, are shorter than those of the thrush and not so melodious. Often some of them .stay all winter. The robin is a very valuable bird on the farm, and a favorite everywhere because of his social nature. Robins like to nest close to buildings.

The name of this sprightly fellow, the Cat Bird, comes from a not very agreeable note it makes, much like the mewing of a cat. . It is a songster in fact. One would not think the little throat that utters the unpleasant cat-like sound could sing so sweetl.v. It is a dark lead color, an insect eater of no mean order. Init confines his labor more to the hedges and margins of fields, not coming very far out in the open since he is somewhat shy. Nothing can be said against the cat bird.

The farmer and the sportsman want more plump Quails than they can get. There is not much protection, so it is difficult for them to multiply as they formerly did. Nearly every eoi'ner of land is taken up by the crops. The grass, to hide in, is cut away in most places. The hazel brush cover, of which they were so fond, is nearly all plowed up. If the birds nest in the meadows, the ruthless mowing machine ends it all for them in a minute. If the eggs are touched or handled, the quail will not return to the nest. The under-growth in nearly all of the few timber lots, is pastured oft", so there is little protection for them, and being so exposed the poor bird cannot propagate with comfort. With the hawks by day, and the cats and opposums and the owls by night, and the ineffective game laws, quails have a hard time. About twenty-four eggs are laid in a deep partly covered nest upon the ground in a grassy spot. The young are interesting and wild from the time they are first out of the shell. The quail has several notes. When under cover and alarmed, it is a rich, ringing, low whirr. When in flocks and separated from each other, a double call note, repeated from time to time, a rather plaintive wheedle-whee whistle, uttered usually about three times, but quite shrilly when its gets confidence to whistle louder. When mated and brooding, "Bob White" is the note that he gives out with all his might for his mate on the nest to listen to. All the rhyme written aboiit the quail whistling his "Bob White" song in autumn does not apply in this county.

This very interesting, beautiful and entertaining songster, the Oriole, with its golden plumage and hanging nest, certainly leads us to believe that birds think, at least. With all deference to siieh students of nature, as have given to the opinions that "birds, or animals, do not think." the Oriole's nest is an argument against such .statements. The hanging nest of the golden robin, wherein its eggs are laid and the swinging young ones first see the light, is a wonderful piece of bird mechanism. Its builder hides it right before one's eyes, where it is impossible to see it, even when it is known to be very near where we look, until the leaves are off the trees, and the family have moved to their southern home.

The little, fidgety, pugnacious Wren belongs to us by the best of right. He will fight for himself and family every time he is called upon to defend them, without waiting a minute to think about results. The wren is no respecter of persons. He will peck and spur his landlord, and take the dignity out of the dog or cat without hesitation. The wrens are not early distinguishable, and have about the same habits away from here. A pair of wrens will carry more dry sticks, for their house-preparation, than almost any other bird, and do it over and over again if it is several times destroyed, thereby using their combative nature to good purpose to make up for their stature.

Pheasants are the birds of the woods, but are sometimes found in the orchard, eating the buds of trees. They are not very plentiful, and very much need better protection, than the present game law affords. Their flesh is white like the quail's, and is delicious for the table. It has a quiet and rather stupid manner when not drumming or alarmed. The drumming sound is made by their wings on logs in the timber. Sometimes, they are called partridges, but there is no such bird in this country. The partridge is a native of Europe. The pheasant is very swift in flight and it takes a good marksman to bring it down, when on the wing. However it is very stupid and fearless of men. One can walk almost upon it before it will fly. It seems to depend on its resemblance to the dry, yellow leaves of the woods for the safety of "its' life. When alarmed, the tuft on the head rises, and it seems to be surprised that it should be disturbed, but when it does go, there is no time lost on the way. There is but one kind of pheasant here.

The American Chimney Swallow belongs to the Swift family and is a bird that certainly is peculiar in the selection of an abiding place. The .swift is a good example of the strangeness and .strength of habit, when it is hereditary, or the continued doing of one thing, like the old horse going round and round whether he is in the mill, or eating grass, or like the Indian, who lives in his smoke house teepee, though he goes blind because of it; even so, is the swallow - in chimney smoke and soot, rearing a family. Really the bird enters his claim in an unused chimney, but if perchance the fireman lights the fire, the bird is not easily smoked out. The nest of twigs is glued together with a secretion from the swift's mouth, and becomes a very hardened mass. The swift lives on insects, flying in and out of the chimney night and day. When it sleeps is a mystery. No one knows where it winters. They congregate after breeding season and suddenly disappear, and reappear in the spring in the same way. They are very quick and strong - on wing.

ful as formerly. It is a very large black bird with wattles about the head, which is featherles.s. It i)3 much of the time on the wing at great altitudes, soaring for hours in great circles. Sometimes there is twenty minutes between strokes of wing. As a scavenger it is useful. Like the South American Condor, its not far removed cousin, now extinct, it lives on dead animals but is sometimes aggressive when hungry.

The Blue Heron is a solitary bird whose habitat is in the sloughs and lakes of the river bottoms. It is a wader and lives on the small fish of its home waters. It is a heavy flyer. The Night Heron is heavily feathered about the neck, and has a round pointed beak. At night its hoarse cry may often be heard as it flies heavily across the country. It is sometimes seen alone, sitting on a tree, inland, with no water near, with no object in view, waiting for the night to come. Its local name is not inviting.

Bank. Barn, Eaves. Purple Martin, are all true swallows, ditt'ering in various ways from each other. The inaccessible parts of the Mississippi River bluffs over the limestone quarries are perforated deeply, laterally with the holes of the Sand or Bank Swallow, where they nest and rear their yoiuig. Characteristic of all the swallow kind, it h;is wonderful strength of wing for rapid flight.

The Eave Swallows build tlicii' nest of mud, first made into small jiellets and fastened under the eaves of houses and barns, with the same material. A queer circumstance is. that after the swallows leave for the south their mud houses are inhabited by hordes of wingless creatures, well known in nil parts of the United States, - Cimex Lectulanous. Sixty mud swallow nests, on one side of a barn, were counted, by the writer, that were inhabited in this way.

The Barn Swallow has precedence among its kind because of the rich color of its dress. It is also more synnnetrical in shape than its "banker" or "eaves" brothers. It has a long, forked tail, which the others do not have. Insects are its food, and it builds its nest inside of the bai'u. Its song is quite a sprightly warble, very pleasant to the ear.

The Purple Martin swallow is very domestic, and likes boxes fixed near dwellings for its accommodation in llir nesting. The Martins and the blue birds (luarrel frequently as to who shall move in and out. The martin sin"s well.

Least but not last, the Humming bird deserves mention. It is a true bird, gentle and delicate in its movements (if not in disposition, for they will fi.uht fierrelv for their own ). with its wonderful poise on invisible, rapidly moving wings, getting its flower food. Indeed, it fills a large place among the wonders of creation in bird life, and so plainly proves to those who want to know the wise purpose of the power, which gives the finite and infinite touches to all animate and inanimate nature.

Quite a goodly showing of Crossbills appear in our county, annually. They are peculiar in that their bills are crossed when closed, and are capable of lateral, as well as up and down motion. They are so constructed for powerful work in cutting open hard seed and cones of the evergreen trees. They are hard to keep in a cage, as they will cut and pull at the wires to get out. They are interesting, and of fine phnuage. The shape of their bills is not easily seen luiless observed at close range, or with a glasis. They seem to be of a family almost to themselves, something like the linnets and bullfinches. These birds are of a red and brown color and they have the mischievous characteristics of the parrots.

We can claim the Bald Eagle for our country without reservation. It sometimes comes here, and has nested with us in times gone by. It is seen nearly always high in air, soaring majestically and in all dignity. Bird of our country, ready at any time, with the swiftness of an arrow, to swoop down on its prey.

The Grey Eagle is not common. It soars as the hawk does, and when on the wing, has very much the same appearance in manner and color. Its nature is very well known. It is a l)ird of prey, and will carry away small animals to its nest, which is usually in some large tree in a remote place.

The large (irey Owl is called by local hunters the Horned Owl, but there is a question about it being that bird, as the feather tufts are not largely developed.

The Screech Owl M'ill sit and twist its head without turning its body, in a most amusing Avay, and it has a variety of voices for the night, making it appear as if some other bird wei'e ab(nit. but they all come from the screech owl. They eat mice, and are quite tame. They nest near houses and barns if they can find trees neai', with holes in them.

The Scarlet Tanager, a beautiful bird, is a new acquisition to the birds of our county, and will be heartily weh'omed by every bird lover. The "cardinal" will certainly have a rival worthy of his company, and the brilliance of his own i)lnmage, coupled with that of the Scarlet Tanager. will double the delight of the friends of the birds when they wend their way through the woody path. The Tanager has a scai'let bi'cast and body, with black wings. It belongs to the Finch-sparrow relationship. They are not here in hirge numbers, but several have been seen by reliable observers, near the city of Quincy.

The increase of the population of this city is probably the reason of the scarcity of the Wild White Swan. Too much shooting has made it seek other shores, for it was always shy. Its beautifully curved neck and graceful carriage, without any marks of affectation, make it an enjoyable bird, wild or tame.

Arraj'ed in the colors of the English Mocking bii'd, black and white, is a cruel, unlovely bird called the Butcher bird, or Shrike, well named, indeed, in every rescpeet. It kills mice and little birds, and in particular English sparrows, more than it needs for its living. Thorns are used upon which to impale its victim. It makes much use of the telephone wires to wait for what it destroys. Its flight is straight as an arrow from one place to another, and it will stand in the air. for quite a time, perfectly motionless except for the movement of the wings, until the ill-fated mouse o.r bird is seen, and then it pounces upon it like a pirate. This bird has no friends.

The Mississippi Rivei' is the home of the Gull. They spend nuich time on the wing over the water, never flying very high. Little is known about them. On the Pacific Coast, they are so tame that one can almost place the hand upon them, and are as large as chickens. Our Gull is not so large. There is apparently only one species here.

We have ju.st as good reason to claim the caged Canary, as any one. Shall the beautiful songster, that is petted more than any other bird, be left out ? In a cage he sings a pent up song, but nevertheless he has a voice that is wonderfully sweet, and the little fellow seems to put his whole being into the production of his melody. It is a handsome bird as well, companionable, and a favorite everywhere.

Once in a while we see a Kingfisher on a tree, waiting disconsolately for as disconsolate a minnow, whose fellows are nearly all gone for fisherman's bait, for the creeks about Quincy are almo.st entirely divested of their small fish for this pui'pose, to the great dismay of the Kingfi.sher family.

The inevitable Bee Birds, large and small, are the foe of all hawks and crows, and will follow them high into the air, spurring them as often as they can rise above them, and pouncing down upon them over and over again, evidently very much to the discomforture of the victims, who squawk with pain or fear of the treatment inflicted. It is thought that these birds are beneficial to the counti-y, as they destroy many insects. They do eat some bees.

There are three Hawks at least, and probably more. But certainly the very large Hawk so frequently seen is quite different from the slender but powerful Chicken Hawk, that every farmer has had a close acquaintance with. Capable of carrying off' a full grown chicken from the barnyard to some convenient tree and eating it, and making this his practice, his habits are not conducive to agreeably familiar companionship, unless it be after di-awing a fine sight along one's trusty rifle barrel, and pulling trigger just at the right time. A much smaller hawk, familiarly called "Sparrow Hawk" is very common, and one would think it is not a very objectionable bird, as it lives on mice, and the English Sparrow. It does kill small birds, and this is of course against it, but perhaps its work in other directions, will be credited to it in the minds of those disposed to be charitable.

Cedar Birds visit us for a little while, apparently to eat the cedar berries, and the berries of the mountain a.sh trees, and it departs very soon afterward.

Black winged yellow thistle birds come for the thistle seed every year. They stay quite a while, and also eat other seeds. They are sometimes called "Wild Canary."

A native of the lowly kind is the little ground sparrow, known as Chippee Sparrow, who comes on time each spring and is a good stayer. Among the other small birds are the Pin Warbler, Red-eyed Vireo, Nut-hatch or Tree Mouse, Tufted Tit-mouse, Indigo bunting, Chewink, (Towhee or Ground Robin), Chickadee, (worm destroyer). Snow-finches, Phoebe bird. Brown and Tawny ThriTsh, Red lark, Linnet, (Finch family), "Tip up" (snipe) - all of which sharj) eyes will find with us in season.

Medical Society

This home for disabled volunteer soldiers and .sailors was established by an act of the Legislature, June 2fi, 1885. The location commissioners, after quite a protracted contest between a number of cities seeking the location, decided the nuitter, December 2, 1885, upon a tract of land containing 140 acres, Iving in Riverside township, just outside and north of the city of Quiney. Since that time additional ijurcliases have been made to the extent of eighty-two acres.

The commissioners selecting this site M'ere made up of the following named gentlemen : William W. Berry, Adams county ; F. E. Bryant, Bement; Monroe C. Crawford, Jonesboi'O; IT. ^1. Hall, Olney ; Henry T. Noble, Dixon ; M. R. M. Wallace, Cook coiinty ; Fred 0. White, Aurora.

The fir.st Board of Trustees, appointed by Gov. Oglesby on December 11, 1885, were : Daniel Dustin of Sycamore, T. L. Dickasou of Danville and J. G. Rcnvland of (.^uincy.

On December 15 of the same year this board met, choosing Gen. Dustin for president. Contracts for the various buildings under the first amount of money appropriated for the home were made in May, 1886. The cottage or detached building plan having been adopted, the home was opened for the reception of members in March, 1887.

One main or adnnnistration building, which contains offices, library and living (|uarters for the officers -, one large hospital, one cottage annex to hospital for convalescents, together with its cook house and boiler house: seventeen cottages: one main boiler house, under the roof of which is one machine shop, employing machinists, blacksmiths, tinners, plumbei-s and steam and gas fitters ; one laundry and one soap house ; one general kitchen, store house, bakery, cold storage, quartermaster and commissary departments ; one superintendent's residence, one house for dairy men, one new brick stable, two frame barns, four greenhouses and ten hotbeds, one carpenter shop, one ice house, one teamsters' quai'ters, one wagon shed, one tool house, one railroad .station erected by the C, B. & Q. Railroad Company, one large cow barn, one group of piggery buildings, one spring house, one summer house, one stone crusher building, one paint shop, two gate lodges, two fire engine houses and Lippincott ^Memorial Hall, where religious exercises are held and entertainments are given for the benefit of the home members.

This building was erected and equipped by Capt. William Somerville, superintendent of the home, and dedicated December 19, 1900. It was erected to the memory of Gen. Charles E. Lippincott, the first superintendent of the home, and his estimable wife, Emily Chandler Lippincott. It is located on what is known as the parade ground and is northwest of the headquarters liuilding. Its dimensions are as follows: Length, 82 feet ; breadth, 62 feet : height of ceiling in auditorium, 31 feet 9 inches. This building has a massive stone foundation, the main superstrTicture being of brick. The two ends of the building are set off by immense columns, which supliort the porches. The main hall or auditorium has a seating capacity of 510, while balcony or gallery seats comfortably 350. Besides this, there are two large private boxes on either side of the stage, which will comfortably seat 40 more. The stage is 24 feet in depth and is the full width of the house.

This building was given to the state l)y the home membei's, free of any incumbrances. A ]iortion of the money was subscribed by the home members and the balance was .secured bv profits arising from the sale of small articles at the home store. The cost complete was $14,000.

The general ground plan of th(^ main si-oup of bnihlinus covers an area of about twenty acres. .\ tunnel 2.600 feet in length. buil( of stone masoni'y. is covered over on top with stone flagu'ins'. Near this tunnel are located the main Imilding and seventeen cottages, boiler house, general kitchen and other utility biiildings. All the piping, consisting of steam, gas, hot and cold water, sewage pipes, etc., is carried in this tunnel. which is anmly large to allow men to walk through for the purpose of examining the plant and making necessary repairs, while branches from the several nipes are carried through side tunnels to the liuildings.

The main or headquarters biiilding is built of Quiucy limestone, the front or tower portion being four stories in height and the rear or library part two stories in lieight. and tlic Imilding was erected at a cost of $50,000.

The genei'al utility building, kitchen, warehouse, quartermaster and commissary departments, boiler house, machine shop, laimdry, soap house, paint house and coal hou.se are also built of stone. The other buildings named, except the farm buildings, are built of brick, with slate or metal roofs, and while plainly finished are substantial, durable and well adapted to their respective purposes.

The cottages, or members' quarters, vary in size and hold from 45 to 120 men each, as the number intended to be accommodated. These resident buildings have sleeping rooms for six to ten men each, sitting rooms, dining rooms and serving rooms, closets and bath rooms, with hot and cold water at all times, they being complete residences with the exception that there are no kitchens or facilities for cooking food. All the food for the general camp and hospital is prepared at large general kitchens and taken to each cottage and hospital buildings in a closed cart and there served each meal time. The food retains its heat even in the coldest weather, as it is contained in metal boxes or food carts that are tightly sealed, and the meals in being transported from the respective cook houses to the dining rooms lose very little of their heat.

A good feature of the cottages is a veranda for nearly all of the sleeping rooms, contributing largely to the comfort of the men at all seasons.

The hospital has a frontage of 262 feet. The central portion is three stories high and is connected by two-story corridors with pavilions on each side. The number of beds fiu' patients is 427.

The annex to the hospital is two stories high, with a large area basement and has 95 beds for convalescent patients. These buildings are supplied with steam heat, which is conveyed from the boiler house, which is located some distance in the rear of these buildings, and is entirely separate and independent fi-om the main boilerhouse. The cook hoiise is also in the rear of these buildings and adjacent to the boiler house. The

The main boiler house, 60 feet by 100 feet, contains a battery of nine boilers, which furnish steam for cooking, j)()wer and heat for all of the buildings excepting the hospital and annex. Adjoining this is a large coal house, machine and repair shops, laundry and soap house.

The dairy and piggery buildings are located north of the camp proper, and comprise a large and com]3lete cow barn and sheds to accommodate 95 head of cattle, together with buildings for grain and hay storage, and for the care of the hogs.

The farm of the home supplies vegetables required in good season, and there is ample pasture land in addition. On an average there are about 65 cows that are milked and furnish from 195 to 210 gallons of milk daily, at a cost of ly^ cents per galhm. A large .spring house is arranged for cooling and rediicing animal heat in the milk and is conveniently located to the daily. Usually alroiit 150 hogs are fed and fattened from the home slops, which .shows a good profit for money and labor expended.

The handsome little railroad station built by tlie C. B. & Q. Railroad Company is a great convenience to the members in going from and returnins' to the Home. This station is al.so used by the Wabash trains.

The total number of men admitted to tlie home is 7.051. The total number readmitted is 2,545; 5,857 have been discharged and 1,741 have died, leaving 1,998 on the rolls. There are 1,216 buried in the Home cemeterv.

erans of the war of the Kcbelliou is 63.16 years. The average age of members of the Spanish- American war is 33.66 years. The number present now is 1,560; the average number through the year being 1.922. Nationality of tho.se admitted, three-fourths native born, one-fourth foreign born. Over niue-tenths of the members draw pensions, the average allowance being $9.60 per month.

Congress provides that the national treasury shall contribute to the support of State Soldiers' Homes, under certain regulations, to the extent of .$100 per member per annum. This monej' is paid tlirect into the state treasury.

In 1903 the North Fifth street line of the Quincy Street Railway Company was extended into the Home grounds, following and parallel with the curves of the nuiin drive, from the Locust street entrance to the Headquarters building, and a small but well built and convenient street ear station built within a few yards of the Administration building and hospital. This has been found a great convenience to members of the Home, saving a walk of about half a mile and enabling many of the more feeble to go to the citv who would otherwise not be able to go at all."

The legislature of 1903 appropriated $10,000 for overcoats for members of the Home. This was a wise and charitable measure, as heretofore but few of the members had overcoats, those who

Fast And Present Op Adams Cou.Nty

This society antedates by some two months the Illinois State Medical Society, and is with one exception the oldest medical society in Illinois. Its senior by about four years is the Aesculpian Society of the Wabash Valley, organized at Lawrenceville in 1S46, and which has drawn its membership from the whole southeasterly, and largely also from the southern, portion of the state and from western Indiana.

At the banquet commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the society, held at the New-comb Hotel, Quincy, JIarch 28, 1900, it was announced that Dr. Wilson (who was on the program for a speech, but who was at the beside of his sister in Kentucky, then very ill) was the sole survivor of the founders. He w-as one of the speakers at the annual dinner of the society, February 11, 190-4, which he survived some four months, dying in Quincy, June 24. 1904.

The first president. Dr. Ralston, was one of the most prominent men of Quincy. For many years by common consent at the head of the general practitioners of medicine, and his home was for a long time a social center. He died in 1876, in his seventy-sixth year. Of his character and personality a memorial minute found in the records of the society thus speaks :

"He was rather tall and spare in figure, dignified in cai-riage, courteous almost to punctilious in manner, clean and precise in speech ; selfpoised, keen in his perceptions, steadfast in his convictions, sagacious in council, the sturdy virtues which eonnnanded for him universal respect rooted in a kind and sympathetic nature which w-on for him the enduring love of kindred and the affectionate regard of those to whom he ministered. ' '

Tliree daughters, all widely respected and beloved, survive him - Mrs. Emilie Caldwell and Mrs. Margaret Charles, both widowed and residing with the third and youngest sister, Mrs. Mnuiie Hayden, w-ife of Philip C. Hayden, of Keokuk, Iowa.

Another of the earlier members deserving especial mention was Dr. Edward G. Castle, a native of England, who joined in 1856, and at orce left the impress of his aptitude for affairs, breadth of mind and high character upon the proceedings of the society. His name disappears from the records January 14, 1867, to ilarch 3, 1873, during which period he was absent fnmi the country as ITnited States consular agent at Carlisle, Eng., the early home of his wife. He never resumed the active practice of his profession after his return, but retained all his old intere.st in its organic life, accepting a re-election to the presidency of the society, also the presidency of the medical staff of Blessing Hospital, both of which places he held at the time of his death, which occurred September 20, 1880. His personality as it impressed itself upon his coworkers is well reflected in the following from the memorial minute recorded by the society at his death : ' ' Honored in his profession, honoring it by a dignified, faithful, and fearless discharge of its duties, wise in council, upright in character, ruling with firm yet gentle hand, carrying all the generosity and freshness of youth into the autumn of life, he has passed away in the maturity of years. The key to his life and character lies in a w-ord : No man ever thought of doing a mean, unkindly-, unmanly or unprofessional act in his presence."

Owing to the small number of members of the society and the wide extent of the field then covered by practice of Quincy physicians, it seems to have been impossible to get a quorum of the members together even for the annual meetings, and there is a break in the records from November 10, 1850, to April 19, 1856, when at a special meeting called by the president at w-hich a number of new members w-ere proposed, and at the annual meeting the following month fourteen were elected, and the society took on a new lease of active life, which has since remained practically unbroken, although in the first year of the civil w-ar it w-as found expedient to omit the quarterly meetings owing to the absence of so many members in the army.

At the annual meeting (May 13) of 1861, resolutions w-ere adopted tendering the gratuitous services of the members of the families of volunteers from Adams County, and declaring that

Dr. Moses M. Bane, colonel of the 50th Illinois infantry ; lost his right arm at Shiloh ; subsequently assessor of internal revenue and later register of the general land office at Salt Lake City, Utah; Dr. Garner K. Bane (brother of Col. Bane, whose arm he amputated on the field), assistant surgeon, 50th Illinois infantry : Dr. Frederick K. Bailey, surgeon 20th Illinois infantry, detached and in charge of division No. -i of the Quincy military hospital ; Dr. Leauder D. Baker, surgeon 24th Jlissouii infanti-y, and later division surgeon of the Department of the Gulf; Dr. Moses F. Bassett. assistant surgeon of the board of enrollment of IVth congressional district, headquarters at Quincy; Dr. Edward G. Castle, not nuistered. but temporarily surgeon in charge of division No. 1, Quincy Hosjiital : Dr. Henry J. Churchman, surgeon, assigned to the a rmy of the Potomac ; details not obtainable; Dr. Bartrow Darrack, surgeon, died soon after being mustered, of smallpox contracted while caring for his own family stricken with that disease ; Dr. Samuel W. P]verett, brigade surgeon on staff of Gen. B. M. Prentiss, was killed at Shiloh while rallying retreating troops ; a nephew of the Hon. Edward Everett, the orator and former secretary of state, a cousin of the Rev. p]dward Evei'ett Hale, the author of "The Man "Without a Country," and a younger brother of Edward Everett, who during his long residence in Quincy was a soldier in the ]\Iormon and Mexican wars, and an assistant to Gov. Wood, quartermaster general of Illinois from the outbreak of the civil war iintil the duty of equipping Illinois troops was taken over by the war department; Dr. A. 1\I. D. Hughes, ad.i'utant of the 50th Illinois infantry; killed at Shiloh; Dr. J. R. Kay, surgeon 124th Illinois infantry ; Dr. Henry W. Kendall, siirgeon 50th Illinois infantry; Dr. Rus Kendall, assistant surgeon, regiment not ascei'tained; Dr. Samuel C. Moss, surgeon of the 78th Illinios infantry; Dr. Charles H. Morton, ma.ior, and later lieutenant colonel of the 84th Illinois infantry; eajitured at Chickamauga and confined in Libby Prison, and after the war became county clerk of Adams Comity and later police magistrate of Quincy; Dr. Virgil ]\TcDavitt, surceon 1st Alabama (colored) cavalry; Dr. N. IT. IMcXeall, assistant surgeon 137th Illinois infantrv; Dr. George O. Pond, surgeon 7:-!rd Illinois infantry; Dr. Daniel Stahl, sui-geon 7th Illinois cavalrv; Dr. Joel G. Williams, assistant surgeon 2d Illinois cavalry; Dr. Louis Watson, surgeon Kith Illinois infantry, and later medical inspector of the Army of the Cumberlaud; Dr. Isaac T. Wilson, contract surgeon in charge of division No. 2 of the Quincy Hospital during the war; Dr. Reuljen Woods, siirgeon 119th Illinois infantry, and later division surgeon of the Department of the Gulf ; against the name of Dr. Henry Douglass, one of the earlier members and at one time postmaster of Quincy, in an analytical roster in the back of the record book, stands the notation, "In the army," but of what his service was nothing seems now ascertainable, but it was probably professional.

Of those who joined after the close of the war the following were in the service during its continuance : Dr. D. Bryan Baker, private, 137th Illinois infantry ; Dr. P. A. Marks, subaltern in the navy; Dr. Robert W. McMahan, who in the earlier part of the war was surgeon on the Mississippi River fleet connnanded by Col. Ellet, of whose gentle courtesy and apparent absolute unconsciousness of danger he was w'ont to speak with imbounded admiration, and later was surgeon of the 146th Illinois infantry ; Dr. J. B. Shawgo, private, 85th Illinois infantry, who w-as detailed as a scout on reaching the front and as such during the war ; and Dr. Robert J. Christie, Sr., senior surgeon of Gen. Price's brigade of IMissouri (Confederate) infantry.

General sanitation early engaged the attention of the society. Pursuant to a resolution adopted November 22, 1865, Drs. E. G. Castle and Joseph Robbins appeared before the city council and asked that in view of a probable visitation of epidemic cholera, steps be taken to put the city in a proper sanitary condition. The authorities acted promptly, created a board of health of which Dr. Castle was made president, and under his direction the city was put in such condition that when in the following summer disease came up the I\ri.ssissippi River, Quincy escaped with less than a dozen cases, and only two or three of these were fatal.

In August, 1866, the secretary. Dr. Joseph Robbins, presented to the city council a memorial adopted by the society asking the passage of the necessary ordinances to secure a complete record of deaths with the cause of death in each case, and to provide that no intei'ment should take place without such a certificate from the jiractitioner in attendance or from the coroner after an inque.st. The latter provision provoked opposition in the council and it w^as not until three years later that the continm^d efforts of the society in this direction were crowned with success. The record, in which the first entry was made November 21, 1869. has since been kept up, not perfectly in its eaj'lior years, but more aeeiarately since a state law to the same end

. Meanwhile the agitation of the record matter and the continued ett'orts of individual member.s led to the re-establishnient of a board of health in place of the one which had fallen into desuetude. During the administration of Mayor Rowland, which began in 1870, an efficient board was provided for, consisting of live members of which three were regular phy.sicians, with one lajTuan, like them appointed by the Mayor, who was him- .self a member es-otiiicio. The high character and demonstrated efficiency of the board was maintained for only a few years : it .soon became an asylum for lay politicians, wholly losing its professional character, and then giving way to the present organization in which there is no provision for the participation of medical men. Within the past year (1904) the medical society has again taken action looking to the restoration of the professional character of the board, but no visible progress has been made. The society now has about seventy members.

Chapter Lvi

Very early in the history of Adams County, the benevolence of its pioneer citizens began to be manifest in the provisions made for the indigent and deserving poor within its bordei-s. At first, and for a number of years, the paupers were provided for in the several localities where they resided. But in the year 1847, the Board of Commissioners deemed it advi.sable, as a matter of economy to the county, and for the better provision for these unfortunate objects of public charity, to purchase a farm to be devoted to their support, to which they could be removed and cared for in a body, and where those not entirely disabled might be furnished some employment, and thus in a measure, become self-supporting. Consequently, after .some investigation, the board bought the eighty acre farm owned by H. T. Ellis, parts of the Northwest and Northeast quarter of Section 16. of township 1 north and 7 west, lying near the center of Honey Creek", the transfer bearing date March 16, 1847, and the con.sideration being $700. The farm was under a fair state of improvement, and had a frame house containing several rooms and a shed kitchen. A barn and other outbuildings, and a blacksmith shop were on the premises.

The farm was under the supervision of a competent man. and tlie paupers were removed to it, and sustained there until May, 1855, when by order of the Board of Supervisors - the county having gone into township organization in 1849 - the county poor farm w^as sold to John White, for .$800, the board reserving the use of the farm until the next year.

At a session of the County Board of Supervisors held January 5, 1856, it was resolved to purchase 200 acres for a poor farm, and a committee con.sisting of Wm. Laughlin, A. H. Doan, and Baptist Hardy, were appointed to select and make the purchase. On June 10, the committee reported that they had bought of John F. Battel] 160 acres, the northeast (juarter of Section 11, in (xilmer township, for $5,000. The committee also reported, at the same meeting, the purchase of 50,000 brick and other nuiterial with which to erect buildings thereon. The following year, 1857, the farm w^as rented out and the paupers were hired, kept by contract, at a specified price per capita per week. TTpon the completion of the buildings the paupers were removed to the county farm, where they have been provided for since.

This county hou.se then consisted of a biiilding 24 feet by 40 feet, two stories high, wdth a basement, and it is estimated cost about $2,500. ' In 1857, when the new home was entered, there were about fifteen persons brought from the old farm. In 1860, we find twenty-five members, and to make room for the increase of paupers in 1863, the county built an addition to the first building, 30x30 feet, two stories high and basement, at a cost of about $3,000. Osborne & Son did the brick work, and Ligget & Bachey, the carpenter work.

In 1861, the first barn was biiilt at a cost of $300 by Ben Wegle. In 1862, the old building for the insane was built, at a cost of $1,000. This building, however, has been taken down, since it did not give satisfaction as a place to confine the insane.

In 1874 the city of Quincy went into township organization, prior to which time the paupers of the city had been under the charge of municipal officers, one alderman from each ward constituting the pauper committee, to which was added an overseei- of the poor. Since 1874, the connty has had charge of its pauper expenses, the same as tlie other townships of the county. The adoption of Quiney poor so increased the number of county dependents that the building on the farm became insufficient, and it became necessary to provide for them elsewhere. Accordingly, an agreement was made with the Charitable Aid and Hospital Association of Quiney, to keep them during the ten months, from July 1, 1874, to Jlay 1, 1875, for .$8,000 and 200 cords of wood; and for a year, begiiniing ]\Iay 1, 1S75, for a sum not to exceed $12,01)0, the sum actually being expended was $10,400. During the latter year, there were on the book of the Association an average of 814 jiersons per month, representing 226 families.

A committee of the Board of Supervisors was then authorized to examine and make a report of plans for a new building to be erected on the County Poor Fai-m. This committee recommended that a buikling three stories high, 32x43 feet area, be built at a cost of $8,000. It was fini.shed in 1875, at a cost of $7,968. The building committee consisted of Thomas Bailey, Wm. Winkleman, E. H. Turner, David Sheer and J. B. Weaver.. A steam heater was afterward put in the building at a cost of $1,290.

Again, in 1897, because of the great increase in insanity, a new building 24x40 feet, was put up. This cost the county about $10,000. About the same time a barn scales and other outbuildings were erected at a cost of about $2,500. These are all now in good repair. A new heating apparatus has also been put in, in late years hy Best, the Quiney plumber.

At first the paupers were put under the custody of some one man, who boarded them for a certain price per week. Later, the Board of Supervisors concluded to manage the house and farm themselves, and furnish everything for the poor. Accordingly they appointed a superintendent. Under the old regime, Mr. Henderson had charge of the paupers two years, and Mr. Curtis one year. The first superintendent appointed was D. L. Hair in 1860, serving six years ; second. A. L. Shiphard, seven years; third, Asbury Elliott, six years; fourth, Mr. Doren, one year ; fifth, W. Beecott, one year ; sixth, M. Doren, two years ; Mrs. Doren, six years after her husband's death: eighth, William Bates, six years: ninth, Dave L. Hair, six years; and tenth and last, Jacob Wolfe, the present superintendent.

At present there are between eighty and eightyfive inmates at the farm, and this number, it is said, is smaller than it has been for many years. The reason for this, we presume, is because of the very recent removal of sixty patients to the asylum at Bartonville. Of course, the greater number of pauper expenses are incurred for the city poor, but a great deal of expense is brought about by the feeding of transient paupers and for railroad pas.ses. The average cost per head, for keeping the paupers, less the income from the farm, was at one time 86 cents per week, but this expense later came down as low as 67 cents per week.

The Adams County Poor Farm is well located - the land is rolling, and the drainage good. There is penty of water, of the very best quality. It is said that there is not a better managed poor farm in the state, for the management has always been good. The poor are liberally provided for, and at the same time the management has been so economical that the County Poor Farm is a credit to the Adams county tax payers.

And Development

The township of Beverly is situated thirty-one miles southeast of the city of Quiney, in the southeast corner of Adams county, the county of Pike Iving south and east. The first permanent settlement was made by Azeriah ilaytield, iu 1S32, on Section 21, and was the only settlement until 1S34, when James Sykes, Jr., and John B. Robertson, with their families from New York, settled there, and in 1835, James Riehardsim, Sr., Samuel Cutler, Wm. Raymond, lion. Archibald Williams, Jacob Stafford, and others, and from that time the accessions to their population were more rapid. These, mainly, entered Congress land, and soon it was mostly taken up, leaving nothing but the military land open for purchasers ; but for lack of confidence in the titles the latter was not inirchased until 1840, when it began to sell rapidly, and the best of it was early taken by those who still continued to come into the township.

Beverly village was laid out in 1856, on Section 21, by an association composed of John B. Robertson, Wm. Raymond, Chas. W. Billington, Samuel Reynolds and Archibald Williams.

Beverly contains several churches, and a town hall for holding elections and other meetings. This hall was built in 1850 for a church. The first church was built in 186-4 by public sub.scription. The first school house was built in 1837, and was destroyed by a tornado in 1844. The first teacher was Henry Benson, who taught two quarters, and was employed by the trustees at $23 per month, the citizens agreeing to pay onethird by subscription, the balance from the school fund.

Beverly postoffice was established in 1837, and Mr. John B. Robertson appointed postmaster by President Martin Van Buren. For thirtyfour years Mr. Robert.son kept the postoffiee at his hoiise, and then six years in the village, and at the age of eighty-six resigned on account of deafness.

The first mill was built in 1843, on Section 20, by William Raymond and Ben Kenney, and was run by ox-power. The first blacksmith shop was run by Edward L. (Jrosch. The first store was owned by Thomas Thompson. The first preacher in the township was ;\Ir. Browning.

The village of Kingston (Fairweather P. O.) is situated very finely in the northwest corn(.'r of the township. It is an enterprising little town, and is said to have one of the finest Masonic halls in the county.

The first white settler in Burton township was Elias Adams, a native of New York State, and a soldier of the War of 1812, in Capt. Foi-sythe's rifle company. After serving for five years, part of the time as an orderly sergeant, he was discharged, and coming to Illinois in 1824 or 1825, located on the land gi'anfed him by the government for his services, being the northwest coi'ner of Section 28.

John Wigle was living iu the year 1831, on Section 28, near where the town of New Liberty now stands, and had for his neighbor Joseph Ferguson, who resided about two miles west from him, near where the old Dunkard meeting house stood. Dennis P. JMeaehem had located near the southwest corner of the northeast quarter of Section 20. Abraham Hunsaker, Jno. Hughes and Geo. Wolfe, with their families, were lucated along the western line of Section 18. Lewis Simpson, Jacob Hunsaker, and Eli Littleton were located along the west line of Section 19, and Sanuiel Hunsaker on the northeast of Section 30. Long Davis on the northwest of Section 30. Joseph Rhodes and Andrew Hunsaker on the southwest of Section 30. Jno. ilcBride on southwest of Seetit)n 31, which is now the west part of Liberty township. As most of these settlers had large families, (|uite a little settlement was formed.

At about the same time Samuel Ferguson had located neai- the southwest corner of Section 2, in Burton townshiji : Jacob Sharp, at the southwest corner of northwest of Section 3 and Wm. Richards on noi'thwest of Section 7. Wm. ]\Iedford, the first school teacher in the township, and who was also a Methodist lu-eacher, was livint;' on the southeast of Section 8.

During the fall of the same year, Abram and Alvin Conner, with their mother, Joseph H. Childers, the widow Norton, Henry C. Davis, with their fam.ilies, arrived from the State of Kentucky and located on Sections 5 and 8. Mr. Franks aiul family, who came with the same party, settled on the northwest of Section 6, in Richfield township. Henry Clingingsmith and family, with his single brothers, Daniel and John, and his brother-in-law, Jno. Strader, were located on Section 18, near the Burton spring. Henry and John Dotv, both single, were located on the sovithwesf of Section 17.

Other settlers who came to the township j'bout this time, including Layston. Ray, Reuben \Yriuht. l\lcNab, James and Eli.jah Thompson, from some cause or other .soon pulled up' stakes, and journeved to other lands, some to Texas, others to Iowa. Eli.iah Thompson returned from Texas in 1834. and settled on the simtheast of section 12.

There were coal beds worked on sections 25 and 36, from sixty to seventy years ago, by blacksmiths and others who hauled it to Quincy, but the construction of the C. B. & Q. railroad cli'eetually crushed the enterprise by furnishing cheaper transportation from the beds at Colchester.

Wm. H. Tandy was the first supervisor and he was succeeded by Abraham Vickers, Joseph Pullman, Wm. V. Humphrey, Louis Pullman, Wm. Richards, Chas. Tripp, A. 51. Samuel, Revnard Cook, Geo. W. Dean, Geo. R. Stewart^ Ray Wheeler, and S. S. Nesbitt.

The village of Burton was laid out and located on the southwest quarter of section 7, by Elijah M. King; about the year 1836. Paris T. Judy kept the first store, E. S. Beardsley, the first tavern, and David Karnes, the first blacksmith shop, which were located on section 18. The first wagonmaker was Samuel Cooper. The village has something less than a hundred inhabitants, a blacksmith and wagonshop, a school house and two churches.

Burton School was established about 1847, the board of directors being Joseph H. Childers, Josiah Richards, and Granville Corbin, J. Richards being treasurer. J. P. Cadogan was the first teacher who ever taught the district.

The first church was organized by Caleb Sewell, who was a Free AVill Baptist minister from Lowell, Mass. Subsequently the Methodists organized a church under the leadership of Daniel Hughes. The Methodists were the last to proclaim the Gospel in the old school building, and modestly retired to the new church known as Pleasant Grove Church. The building was repaired in 1868, and was burned on the night of December 18, 1875.

Pleasant Grove M. E. Church was built in 1866. at a cost of $3,000. It was dedicated by Rev. Reuben Andrus, D. D. The board of trustees at the time of building the house was Garrett Stewart, Elijah Thompson, Daniel Hughes, Dan. H. Corbin, John S. Wilson and -Jas- Shipman. The number of members was then twenty. Among those who contributed largely to aid in the building of the church were Daniel Hughes, who moved to Payson ; James Shipman, who moved to Kansas; E. B. Hughes, J. F. Hughes, Garrett Stewart and many others. A well attended and flourishing Sabbath School is maintained.

Giles S. Lewis, and H. L. Tandy, were chosen deacons. J. T. Richards, clerk; H. L. Tandy, treasurer. At the organization the church numbered thirty-six members. In the fall of 1873, a meeting house was built and dedicated, costing about .$4000. The first pastor was Elder Kellv, in March, 1874. This church also maintains "a large Sunday School.

At a meeting held Jan. 25, 1839, at Newtown, Adams County, called for the purpose of taking into consideration the desirability of organizing a Presbyterian Church in that place, it was unanimously resolved by the persons present at the meeting to take the initiatory .steps toward organization. Me.ssrs. Wells, Roe, and Warren Miller, were then appointed to lay the subject before the Congregational Church in Payson, and ask the concurrence of that church in their action, and letters of dismissal for all persons desiring to indentify themselves with the new organization. In due time, the committee above named, submitted the matter to the Payson Church, which gave its unanimous approval and granted to all persons wishing to identify themselves with the new organization, letters of dismissal and commendation. A n:eeting to perfect the organization of a Presbyterian Church was called and held Feb. 26, 1839.

The first minister in charge of the church was Rev. Thomas Cole. The first ruling elders of the church were Wm. Wells, Lewis Roe and Warren Miller. During this period of the history of the church, dift'erences arose among the members which led to a division, and the organization of the Newtown Congregational Church.

The Burton I. O. 0. F. Lodge was instituted and officers installed on the 8th day of Augu.st, 1877, by W. W. Stockwell, Acting Deputy G. M. P. M. of Quincy, and W. Piggott, G. V. G. James Benneson, G. Sec, Dr. Bonney, G. Marshal, and Bro. Bristol, G. treasurer. The organization and institution of the lodge, notwithstanding the exceeding unfavorableness of the weather, was well attended by visiting brethren from Quiney and Liberty: J. W. Grimes, j\I. D., B. F. G rover, C. J. Korney.

the present limits of the villai;-e of Camp Point, as known by the early settlers and travelers who passed that way during the latter part of tlie twenties and early thirties, from the fact that it was used by the aborigines as a camping ground when joiirneying between tlie ]\Iississippi and Illinois rivers. When a petition was circulated to secure a postoffice at Garrett's mill it was thought the name was too long and the "Indian" was omitted.

The first settlers in the township were Daniel Smith and James Lasley, brothers-in-law, who settled on Sections 2S and 29 in 1828. In the fall of 1S29 Lasley sold his improvements to Jezreel Shoniaker who lived there for several years. In 1830 a man named Calley. and his son-in-law. Rand, settled on tlie northeast (juarter of Section 27 ; Lock settled on the northeast quarter of Section 22 and Jonathan Brown on the southeast quarter of Section 3. In 1831 Lock sold his improvements to William Wilkes whose descendants still own the place. In 1832 Samuel IMcAnulty, William ]\[cAnulty and Lewis McFarland settled on the north half of Section 3. During the fall of 1835 there came several families who became well and widely known and whose descendants are among our most stable citizens: ]\Irs. Wallace and her sons, James A. and Adam Rankin, Rezin Downing and his sons (except John, who came the year before^ Peter B. Garrett, and Richard Seaton.

The first school house was built in 1S3() on Peter B. Garrett's land in Section 2(i and a man named Brewster was the first teacher. The second ^^-as built on Section 29 in the spring of 1840 and our venerable townsman, Thomas Bailey, a real live Yankee, was the Krst teacher. The third school house was built on the southwest cpiarter of Section 12, ami P. W. Leet was the first teacher employed.

The first church was also built o;i the sDUthwest quarter of Section 12 in 18-18, by the Methodists and it was named "Hebron" and the church is still maintained by that denomination. The second church was erected fni- the Cumberland Presbyterians on Section 28. but the building was torn down many yi'.-irs aud and the congregation disper.sed.

Thonuis (i. Stevens (ipeiied the lirst store in the township in 1850 and sold gi-oeeries, later adding a stock of whiskey, but the citizens objected to the traffic in the latter article and held a meeting at which it was decided to buy Stevens' stock of liquor and destroy it. They raised the money, proceeded to the store and told Stevens of their decision. lie protested that lie didn't want to sell at wholesale but the protests were unheeded, the barrel rolled out, and the contents poured on the gi-ound.

A horse mill was erected by John Newland on the north side of Section 5, about 1838, where the pioneers could get their corn converted into meal while they waited and. worked their horses on the power. In 1844, Peter B. Garrett erected a carding machine and- the next year added a grist mill, the jiower being furnished by a tread wheel on which oxen worked. Later steam power was added and the mill having been since rebuilt is now occupied by W. A. Berrian & Co. with modern machinery. Caseo ilill was built in 1866 by Thomas Bailey, Silas Bailey, William L. Olliver and Ormond Noble. It has been dismantled, but the old building still stands.

Lewis ilcFarlaud established the first tannery back in the thirties and he was the fir.st justice of the peace in the township. Benjamin Booth opened the first blacksmith shop at an early day wliieli cannot now be ascertained, and in 1846 .lames 11. Langdon started a second at Garrett's .Mill. Granderson 31. Iless opened the first general store in 1854. The Northern Cross railroad reached Camp Point in February, 1855, and the village was platted. The land owners were Thomas Bailey, Peter B. Garrett, Benjamin Booth and William Farlow.

The township was organized in 1850 out of Congressional township one north, range six west, and Thomas Bailey was the fir.st supervisor, lie was succeeded by James E. Downing, Vixen P. Tiay, Silas Bailey, Thomas J. Bates, Richard A. Wallace, George W. Cyrus, Charles V. Gay, Frederick A. Morley, ilatthew W. Callahan and James R. (TUthrie.

The first newspaper was the Canq) Point Enterprise, established by W. R. Carr in 1866. It was printed in Augusta, where Carr also issued the Augusta Batniei'. The ]>a|)er was sold the next year to E. E. B. Sawyei' who moved the plant to Camp Point and sold it in 1870 to J. M. & J. E. Kirkjiatrick who conducted it for two years when it suspended. The material was purchased in January, 1873, by George W. Cyrus and Thomas Bailey who began the publication of tile Camp Point Journal. In 1876 Bailey sold nut to his partner who has conducted it to the present time.

Thomas Bailey began the banking luisiness in Cami) Point in 1868 and after several changes of ownership the bank is still doing business under the name of the Camp Point Bank.

In 186(i the first graded school house w^as erected luit not completed until the next year. It was built in a large block of ground which was planted to majtle trees and the school was labeled "^laplewood." which title it has worn ever since. Samuel F. Hall, of Pi'ineeton, 111., was the first principal and he took charge of the school in October, 1867. He was at its head for 18 years. The school soon obtained a large amount of at- tentiou on account of its high standard and drew pupils from all parts of the county. It has always ranked high among the graded schools of the state and is a source of pride to the people of Camp Point.

The Odd Fellows were the first to cultivate the secret society field and a lodge was organized October 17, 1856. The Masons were next with a lodge in 1858. Other lodges have been started until there are now enough to supply the demand for a time.

This is one of the most beautiful and fertile townships in Adams county, her lands consisting of rich prairies interspei'sed with groves of timber bordering on little Missouri Creek, which has its course in the \\ estern portion of the township, and flows east, dividing it nearly in the center. It is one of the richest agricultural districts in the eonnty, and is bounded on the north by Northeast township, soiith by Concord, west by Camp Point, and east by Brown county. The soil is a dark, vegetable loam, highly productive, and nearly all tillable except the narrow bluff along the little ^lissouri. The farms are highly cultivated, and the improvements of a fine character. The staple crop is Indian corn, while quite a large area is devoted to grass and grazing. Clayton, the only village in the township, is a thriving place of over one thousand inhabitants.

The main line of the AVabash Railway extends across the township from east to west, a mile north of its southern boundary. At Clayton, the Keokuk branch leaves the main line and runs in a northwesterly direction. The Chicago. Burlington and Quincy Railway also touches the northwestern corner.

The first white settlement made in this township was in 1829 about two and a half miles north of the village of Clayton, by Obadiah Nicks, who settled with his family on the northwest corner of Section 23. David il. Campbell, the second settler, came April, 1830, and located on the southeast of Section 21. In the fall of 1830 Rev. John E. Curl settled on the southwest of Section 31. and Jacob Pile, on Section 23. In the fall of 1831. Daniel Pile settled on the farm now owned John Logue on on the southwest of Section 31, and Jacob Pile, on Section 23. In the fall of 1831, Daniel Pile settled on the farm now owned hy John Logne on Section 24. Mr. Pile was elected first .iustice of the peace in the township. After 1833, settlers flocked in I'apidly, and public lands were soon converted into farms. In 1834, John ]\Iarrett, Rev. R. K. McCoy. Chas. McCoy and Edward Davis settled in the town.

The people early took an interest in educational matters, and as early as 1832, we find a school started in tlie township, which was taught David M. Campbell, first school teacher of the township. This school had, at first, only one session, and that on Sunday, at the houses of the pioneer.s. The first marriage in the township was that of Josiah Gantz to Miss Cui-1. They were united in wedlock by Rev. David Wolf in the winter of 1830, on the farm of Wm. Curry. The first death was that of Sarah J., infant daughter of David JI. Campbell, in August, 1832.

In those early days, hotels were "few and far between" and accommodations meager, but "heart room-house room," was the prevailing motto with many of those noble men who came to make a home and a fortune in the great West.

Among this number were David M. Campbell and his kindhearted wife, whose hospitable natures never said no to a weary traveler seeking food and shelter. Though their cabin was but sixteen feet square they entertained and lodged as many as eleven of the aristocracy of Quincy at one time.

The town was located on the northeast quarter of section 34. Chai'les McCoy was an ardent admirer of Henry Clay, and so he named the infant town Clayton in honor of the great statesman. The Rev. R. K. McCoy was for thirty years pastor of the First Presbyterian Church at Clayton. He erected the firsl house in the place during the summer of 1834. He died in 1874, after a long and useful life, and beloved by all who knew him. Chas. McCoy built and o]iened the first store with a small stock of goods, but he sold it a few years later and it was removed to Brown county.

It is related that Cla\rton had been partially settled, and not proving satisfactory to the pro- .iectors of the enterprise, the buildings were nearly all moved out to farnis, and the town was almost abandoned for a nuinber of years, but it finally began I0 j-evive after the railway was built. Several additions have been made to the original town of Clayton, so that it is now situated nn parts of sections 27, 34 and 35. at the junction of the Keokuk branch with the main line of the Wabash railway. H has had a steady, substantial growth and now boasts of a number of churches, hotels, banks, wagon and blacksmith .shops, a marble works: several dry goods, millinery and grocery stores, hardware stores, barber shops, meat market, etc. It also has that indispensable accompaniment of every prosperous town, a newspaper printing establishment, called The Clayton Enterprise.

in 1836. Amos Andrews taught in it. In 1877 the tine brick l)uildinfr. two stories hisrh, with seven rooms, was built, at a cost of sixty-tive hundred dollars. Between the years 1836 and '37, several additions were made to the orisjinal building to supply the demands of the rapid growth of the vicinity, the last costing thirty-five hundred dollars. Early in 1877 it was destroyed by fire. In 18-1:9 the Clayton Academy \vas built by the First Presbyterian Church, and used for the high school for a time.

The Old Settlers' Association of Adams and Brown counties was organized at Clayton in the year 1869, the first president being John McCoy. Annual reunions have been held at Clayton, with the po.ssible exception of one year, when it was held at Mt. Sterling.

The Presbytery of Schuyler, at its spring meeting in 1836, appointed a committee to organize a Presbyterian Church in Clayton. That committee consisted of Rev. R, B. Dobbins and the Rev. Cyrus Riggs, and Elder Joseph (J, Walker. These brethren met at the residence of the Rev. R. K. McCoy, in Clayton, to transact the business assigned them bv the Presbvtery, on the 9th day of April, 1836.

The first minister was the veteran missionary, Rev. Reuben Kemper McCoy. For four years after its organization the church had no house of worship, their religious services being held in the district .school building and wherever else the congregation could be assembled. Many of their most interesting meetings wei"e conducted beneath the great forest trees on the camp-ground ; "the groves were their first temple."

In 1839. three lots in Clayton, Nos. 63, 64 and 65 Washington .street, were donated to the church b}' Elder McCoy. Here was erected a brick church in 1840, at a cost of about $3,000. A few years later a tower and a bell were added. In 1865, the brick walls were removed and frame was substituted. In addition to the church, the people own a pai-sonage valued at $1,700.

The Clayton Christian C^hurch was organized in 1855, Dr. T. G. Black and others being the original members. The first elders were Dr. Black and Geo. Lecklen. The edifice in which the society worship, was erected in 1855, at a cost of about $3,500. A large and flouri.shing Sunday School is attached to this church.

The M. E. Church was organized about 1836. It was a part of Pulaski charge, afterwards attached to the Columbus charge, and later to the Mt. Sterling circuit. The church services were held in school houses, and private houses until 1850, when the first church edifice was erected on the site where the present edifice stands. The Board of Trustees at that time were Joseph Douglass, George McMurray, John C. Newton, James D. Hard and Robert R. Garner. That church was used for twenty-five years, when it became inadequate and was removed and a tine brick structure erected in 1875, at a cost of $7,-

Like all other advanced sections, we find here the Masonic order in a healthy condition, doing a good work. Now there are many members in the following orders: Clayton Lodge. No. 147, A. F. and A. M., Clayton Chapter, No. 104, R. A. M. and Delta Commandery, No. 48, K. T. The

Columbus township is situated about eighteen miles from Quiney in a northeasterly direction. The first settlement made in Columbus township was in 1830, when James Thomas left Kentucky and settled here on section 30. He was followed by Jacob Conner, Clements Wilks, George Johnson, Mathew Ray, Philip Ray, George Smith, Wm. RosebeiTV, W. L. Wilmot, and Jas. Wisehart.

The first sale of lots took place in March, 1836, and nearly one hundred houses were erected that year. Francis Turner and John Robison also settled about 1835. Col. Geo. Smith, who figured prominently in the township, settled on section 4, October 20, 1836. Daniel Harrison and Abraham Jonas, settled in Columbus village in 1836 and 1837. T. H. Castle, Frederick Collins, Clement Nance and many others soon followed.

The original plan was to make Columbus the county seat of Adams County, and it was located at the nearest practicable point to the geographical centre. The exact centre is Gilmer, about a mile west of the site of the town, but that tract was military land, and owned by parties in the east whose whereabouts were not known, and consequently it was not accessible. The village grew ra[iidly and jirospered for several years.

About 1840, the county seat contest between Columbus and Quiney began to be agitated, and grew hotter until 1841, during which time a newspaper called the Columbus Advocate, was established in the village by a man named E. Ferry, in the interests of Columbus.

l\Ir. Abraham Jonas, above mentioned, being a writer of considerable ability, penned articles upon the then-all-absorbing question, in favor of the Columbus interests, and sent them to the Onincy papers for publication, but they were refused, hence the birth of the Advocate, to which he became the chief contributor.

Religious exercises were held by the Presbyterian, ]\Iethodist and Christian societies at the private residences and school houses in the township until 1836, when the Christian society erected

The First Baptist Church of Columbus township was org:anized March 13, 1879, at the Independent School House, on Section 3, by Rev. Silas Odell, and Rev. Mr. Wood, with fourteen constituent members.

A I\Ir. Bartholemew and his two sons, Gilead and Samuel, erected the first steam mill on section 3, in 183.5. It was a grist and saw mill. Later it fell into the hands of the Mormons, who contemplated strongly making a settlement, and starting a town there, but when they were driven from Nauvoo, they abandoned the idea and some years later, the mill was removed. The second steam mill was erected in the village about 1865, by Lock and Hendricks. Willard Graves erected a saw mill on McKee's creek, on section 16, about 1838, which was operated several years, and was finally abandoned.

Daniel Harrison was the first to oommenee merchandising. He afterward associated with him Abraham Jonas, John F. Battell, L. Davis, F. Collins, A. Tonzalin, Sr., and Clement Nance were all engaged in merchandising. Lyth Griffin was the first in the saddlery and harness business. Thomas Greenleaf and Sons manufactured wagons and buggies quite extensively. M. T. Greenleaf introduced a machine lathe. Thos. Durant ran a wool carding machine with animal power ; afterward the business was enlarged and a steam engine added by H. II. Butler. Henry Pratt and others erected a mill and successfully for a while made linseed oil.

The first school was on section 30, in 1832, and was taught by Thomas Bailey. The township organization law went into effect in 1850, and the first election of officers occurred in April of that year. Alexander "SI. Smith was elected supervisor, A. Tonzalin, Jr., town clerk: John P. Nichols, assessor; Wm. Roseberry, collector: Andrew Redmond and Jas. A. Bell, justices.

The supervisors wlio have succeeded Alexander Smith were John A. Nichols, Wm. Bellew, Harvey Earl, Wm. Roseberry, John I\I. Earl, A. B. McNeal, James Lurly, Seldon G. Earl, John E. Lowe. Thos. Marshall, H. H. Homer, G. E. Flagg, D. L. Wilhoit. R. E. McNeal, Clem. H. Hair. Wilkie Bruns, Clem. W. Hair.

During the war of the Rebellion, Columbus township put her shoidder to the wheel, and demonstrated her loyalty by word and deed, coming up with her cpiota of men at every call of the government. This proved the kind of men and

Concord township was organized at the spring eI(^ction in 1850. Edward Sharp was elected supervisor, Wm. Hobbs, clerk : David Hobbs, assessor, and Shannon Wallace, collector. The first settlement was made in 1832. John Wells settled on section 25, John Ausmus on section 7 and 0. H. Bennett on section 9 ; followed soon after by the Wallaces and Hobbs and Elijah Ellison. The first school house was built on section 4 in 1835; the first teacher was Wm. Hobbs; the firat ministers of the Gospel in Concord township, were Granville Bond, of the ^lethodist Episcopal Church, J. B. Curl of the Christian Church, and Wm. Harvey, of the regular Baptist Church, Wm. Hobbs, David Ilobbs, and John Aiisraus, who were residents of the township, preached occasionally.

The fii-st marriage was of Edward Wells and Elizabeth Collins. The first birth was a child of Wm. and Mary Briscoe. It died soon after, and was the first death in the township.

The first church was built in 1860, on section 30, by the liutherans. The next was erected on section 23, by the people for a LTnion Church, but owned by the Baptists or the Dunkards.

The German Lutheran Church was organized in 1862, by the f(»llowing members who established the chuj'ch ; Henry Les.sinan, Christ Vollbraeht and Frank Kestner. The first minister of the church was B. Burfeind. He served six years. The entire cost of the church parsonage and four acres of ground used as a cemetery was about .$2,000.

ELLINGTON TOWNSHIP. Ellington is a regular Congressional township, which lies nortli and east of Quincy. It originally embraced that portion of the city north of Broadway and all of the township directly north of the city, known as Riverside. However, in 1887, the township was divided and now Ellington is bounded on the north by Ursa and Mendon, separated from them by the 40th parallel of latitude : on the west by Riverside and ea.st part of Quincy ; on the east by Gilmer ; and on the south by Melrose and a part of Quincy.

" The surface is undulating, and in some parts quite broken, and was originaly half timber and half prairie. The rare fertility of the soil, which is eomi)osed nearly equally of mineral and vegetable properties, the excellent drainage, so well adapting it to a great variety of crops, and diversitv of seasons, and the superior class of im-

The soil is of rich, black loam and the land price easily averages from ^15 to $100 per acre, ^vhile the farms rent from $5 to .$10 per acre. In addition to the facilities for farming, the ti)wnship can boast of rare advantages in stone quarrying. There are several stone quarries four or five miles northeast of Quiney on 36th street. It may be interesting to know that the stone for the foundations of the old court house and the old Quiney house, which stood where the Neweomb Hotel now stands, was quarried on R. W. Putnam's land, section 17, about five miles northeast of the city on 36th street. Also, the stone for the foundation of the residence of Governor John Wood, no\v laiown as Chaddock College, was taken out of a i|uarry owned by him, at the timi', aiiout t'oui' mill's northeast of Quiney, on 36th street, on section L'O.

In 1844, some ]iromoters from the east came to Ellington and tri(>d to establish a .silk industiy. These iiumi pi-oposed to furnish plants of the ]\Iorus multicaulus. oi- white mulberry, and the silk woi-iii eggs, and Ihen they promised to buy tile cocoons when matured. Of course they gave com])le1e iiist ruction for conducting all parts of the iudustr.y. It was taken up by a few of those enterprising spirits who were able to do it, and who were desirous of ascertaining and developing all the resoure<'s of the newly developed coiintry. Amonu llicse were Avery Turner, who lived about five miles northeast of Quiney, and Hubbard and Baldwin, who lived together on a farm in Honey Creek township, about two miles southeast of Mendon. On this latter farm there are two or thi-ee clumiis of white niulbei'ry still growing. The project failed from two difficulties. First, no one in this part of the country, at that time, had suitable arrangements to carry the worms over winter: second, lal)or in this countiy, could be more pi-ofitably employed in other lines. The preparations for the extension of this industry were very lavish, and when the plans were proved failures, many of our best et)iuitry people were nearly ruined. Several large buildings and quantities of nnil berry trees, planted for food for the silk worms, were located on the northwest corner of section 30. The buildings are now used as barns near by. After the failure of the silk industry, about 1848, the first Osage oranges, used as hedges, were introduced into this part of the country, by Avery Turner and Ilubliard and Baldwin, mentioned above. The seeds were brought here from the SoTith about the time of the ilexican war, 1848. There are hedges which have been "turning stock" since 1850, or at least 55 years, on the old Baldwin homestead.

About the year 1855. the agricultural departnent at Washington distributed the seed of the sorghum or African sugar cane here. People who caiHiot remember back to the time of the war of the Rebellion can have no conception of the im- ])ortance the sorglnnn industry then assumed, it was tiie chief source of "sweetening" of most of the people at that time - since the principal sources of supply were cut oft' by the war.

In the early settlement of this county, quite a number of people cultivated small quantities of fiax. This was raised for lint and was worked up by the women of the families who raised it, into linens for clothing, sheets, tablecloths, toweling and sacks. At one time there was located in Quiney, what was then called a "rope walk," or works w-here the lint of hemp and flax were wi'ought into ropes and all kinds of cordage. liowcviM-. most of the hemp came from Missoui-i - but the flax was furnished to a great det;i-ee, from Hllinuton, and neighboring townshi]:)S.

Ellington has the advantage of superior drainage, as several creeks with their numerous branches checker its surface. Cedar Creek, the largest of them, originates in a large spring, a mile or two northeast of Quiney, and flows south of west to the river. Leonard's or Homan's Creek has its source near the center of the township in one of the largest and finest springs in the county, once owned by Capt. Leonard, from whom it and the creek take their names. Mill Creek, along whose borders is the most broken and sterile portion of the township, flows across the northeast corner.

The Chicago, Burlington & Quiney Railroad, also used by the Wabash Company, enters Ellington a mile south of the north, and extends diagonally to (Quiney in the southwest corner.

The society of the township is cosmopolitan, made up of inhabitants of varied birthplace and 7iationality, although a ma.jority of the pioneer settlei-s Mi'i'c Tiatives of Kentucky. The fir.st settlement was made in 1828, by Samuel Seward, on section 23, and he w^as soon followed by Henry Jacobs and John S. Wood, who settled on section 17, and John M. Sterne, and Jaines Frasier, on section 5, in 1829.

Henry Frasier, son of James Frasier, was the first child born in the township, on section 5, in 1829. The first death was that of Mr. Cook, who died from over-exertion in hunting in the "deep snow." the winter of 1830-31. J. i\r. Sterne, an old resident, in speaking of that memorable snow storm some years ago, said: "It began to fall on the night of December 27, 1830, and was two and a half feet deep outside and six inches deep inside my cabin the next morning." He made a path to his spring by a supreme effort, and from here he carried water and satTirated the snow on the i-oof. making a covering' siiow-jiroof and wiii(l-i)i'o()f for the rest of the winter. The .snow continued to fall at intervals iintil January 1, 1831, when it was four and one-half feet deep. The hiti'h winds drifted it, making- the "rough ways smooth"' and connecting the prairie into one vast level of crystals.

The first school house in Ellington was ei'ected on Mv. Sterne's farm, on section 5, in 1836. There had been schools in vacant cabins and several terms in Wesley Chapel, prior to that date. AVesley Chajjel was the first house of woi-ship, and was erected in 1831, on .section 5, by the I\Iethodists. I.saac Sawin was the contractor, and J. M. Sterne helped to hew the timbers. John Kirkpatriek, a local minister of the M. E. Church preached the first discoi;rse. The first little .school has been replaced by a number of new and more modern schools, and the little chapel by more imposing edifices. The little school is now the home of a porcine family. It is said that it has still the same shingles on it that kept out the snow and rain fifty years ago, and that they are still in a fair state of preservation. The Wesley Chapel is now used as a barn for hay.

There are five progressive schools in Ellington. They are the Rock School, in N. W. S. E. See. 5; Washington School, S. W. corner S. W. Sec. 11 : Center School, N. W. N. W. Sec. 20; Franklin School, east side. Sec. 28 ; and the Ellington School. N. W. corner S. E. qr. Sec. 31.

There is a church about OTie mile west of W^esley, near N. W. corner qr. of N. W. qr. of Sec. 6, called Pleasant Grove, but no services have been held there for years. Ellington Ifemorial Presbyterian Church is in S. W. corner of N. W. Sec. 17, and Rev. IT. Jacobs is the minister at present, services being held evei-y two weeks.