Quincy Township (part 41 of 74)

John Egbert Laughlix is one of Mendon Township's oldest native citizens, has been a leading and prominent stockman for half a century, and the esteem in which he is generally held is well expressed bj' his fellow citizens in their reference to him as "Bob" Langhlin, and when Bob Laughlin's opinion is expressed on some matter of farming or stock raising or community affairs it receives all the consideration and respect which is its proper due.

The Laughlins as a family have been well known in northern Adams County since pioneer times. John Robert Laughlin was born on a farm four miles northwest of Mendon January 15, 1841. The old house in which he was born is still standing. His parents were Benjamin and Sarah (Robinson) Laughlin. Benjamin Laughlin was born in Bourbon County, Kentudrs', in 1806, a son of John Laughlin, who came to America from Ireland.

In 1831, when Quincy contained only three houses, John Laughlin and his four sons, William, Wilson, Benjamin and Johnson, rode into this I'egion on horseback and prospected over the surrounding country until they had satisfied themselves with some choice tracts of land, which then could be obtained by merely entering at the land office and paying the stated fee of a dollar and a quarter per acre. In the same fall Benjamin Laughlin began the erection of a double log house in which his son John Robert was born some ten years later. However, after their tour of inspection the Laughlins returned to Kentuck\% and there busied themselves with the contriving of a flatboat on which they brought their household goods and their people to St. Louis, and from there up the river by steamboat to Adams County. Besides the four brothers mentioned there were two unmarried sisters. Sarah, one of these, afterwards married James Rankin and lived near Breckenridge in Hancock County, Illinois. Violet, the other daughter, married Matt Forsythe, and lived in Hancock Count}' near the Adams County line.

John Laughlin, the father of the four brothers, bought land near Ursa, and this land was occupied by his son Johnson, who died there at the age of sixty years. This Ursa Township farm was about five or six miles distant from the place of settlement of the Laughlin family in Mendon Township. John, the grandfather, lived with his sons until his death when about eighty-seven or eighty-eight years of age. His second wife survived him some years and his first wife and the mother of his children died in Kentuckj-. Three brothers, William, Benjamin and Wilson, all settled adjoining farms in Mendon Township. Wilson married Ellen Hightower, and he died on his farm at the age of sixty-five and his widow subsequently lived in Quincy but died at Mendon. This farm has since been sold. It adjoined the place of Bob Laughlin on the east. William Laughlin's farm lay east of that of his brother Wilson. William Laughlin was honored with many township offices, and died in Mendon at the age of seventy-five. None of his children remain in Adams County. A daughter of Wilson Laughlin is the widow of Charles Miller, of Mendon. Johnson Laughlin also left no survivors.

Benjamin Laughlin spent his life on his father's farm, and also bought the 160 acres adjoining on the noi-th and at his father's death acquired his tract of two hundred twenty acres. He also owned a farm of two hundred sixty acres in Ursa Township which had been previously operated bj' his brother Johnson. With all this land under his control he carried on farming operations in proportion, and was one of the leading cattle raisers and feeders in the county. He was permitted a long life and died at the age of eighty-six. He is buried in the Franklin Cemetery. He had laid out this cemetery on some of his own land, and named it Franklin for his own middle name. This cemetery was at the Free Will Baptist Church, an organization that has since been disbanded, though the old church is still standing. Benjamin's wife, Sarah Robinson Laughlin, died in 1916, at the age of eighty-six. Their family consisted of five sons and two daughter.s, four of whom reached maturity : William, who left Mendon a number of years ago and moved to Chariton County, Missouri, ' where he died and where his widow and sons still live; the second in age is John Robert ; Benjamin, a fanner in this vicinity, died at Marcelline, one of the inland villages of Adams County, about two miles west of the Laughlin farm, in 1910, at the age of sixty-three, leaving a widow and two children; and Dudley, also a farmer at Marcelline.

It is generally true that the American farmer who has made the best success at his business is the one who has remained longest on the job. Bob Laughlin has not only lived all his life en a farm but has been content to acknowledge no other important interests away from farming, though he has rendered such service as he could to his community, helping forward projects that were worthy and cooperating with liis fellow citizens when his cooperation was needed. At the age of tweuty-one his father gave him a farm, and later he bought out the other interests and now owns the 220 acres which was originally taken up Ijy his grandfather. Later he bought 100 acres on the west, giving him a complete half section in one farm, and since then has added another eighty acres nearby and recently bought fifteen acres. One improvement has followed another, and twenty years ago he built the comfortable residence wliieh now houses the family. In 1881 he erected a. barn that was one of the best in the county at tlie time, being of the familiar bank construction, 40 by 60 feet in ground dimensions and with 20-foot posts. For forty years Mr. Laughlin specialized in horses and jacks, and has had as many as sixty-five head of these animals at one time. He has also been unusually successful in growing wheat, and has raised some splendid crops of that cereal. His farm now comprises as fine a body of land as is found anywhere in the county and with as good improvements. He has hired labor as well as worked hard himself, and has given everj' detail of the farm his personal supervision. In politics he is a democrat, as was his father before him, but in local issues is .strictly independent, and has never allowed his name to be presented as a candidate for ofiSce.

At the age of . twenty-four Mr. Laughlin married Eliza Ann Randolph. She was left an orphan when a small girl and was reared in the family of a cousin. Mrs. Laughlin died in 1903, after they had been married forty years. There were two children, George and Sarah Elizabeth. The latter is now Mrs. John Austin and lives at Brookfield, Missouri. George Laughlin, the only son, died at the age of fortj'-eight years. He was a farmer and was also in the automobile business at Quincy. He married Sarah Shepherd, who is still living and makes her home with Mr. Laughlin, and her two children have practically grown up in the home of their grandfather. The children are Ruth and Hazel, the former the wife of Chester Miller, and the latter the wife of George Sauble. Chester Miller and George Sauble are now operating the Laughlin farm. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have one son, Robert Lee Miller.

Theodore C. Poling. With practically every phase of Quincy 's development in financial power, business resources, and the enrichment of its community and institutional life, Theodore C. Poling has been identified during the past forty years. His name in connection with any enterprise has at once given it dignity and has brought to it the sustaining confidence of the best people. No man deserves a more grateful memory aud is more worthy of a record for what he has done and what he has stood for in this city.

He was born at Middletown, New Jersey, January 10, 1840, "and has been a resident of Quincy since 1870. In Quincy and elsewhere he taught school, and educational work was his chief occupation until he was admitted to the bar in Quincy in 1871. From 1861 to 1864 he was a student of Knox College at Galesburg, and enlisted from there for two periods in the Civil war. He was first a member of Company E of the Seventy-first Illinois Infantry for four months and later re-enlisted in Company C of the One Hundred and Tlairty- Seventh Regiment under the command of Governor John Woods, the founder of

Quincy. Altogether he was in the army for nine montlis. His brother James K. was killed in battle at Memphis, Tennessee, and another brother, George W., died at home from disease contracted in the swamps before Vieksburg.

One of Mr. Poling 's earliest acciuaintances at Quincy and for a numljer of years his partner in law practice was Hope S. Davis. He studied law in Mr. Davis' office and at the same time taught school. One of the schools he taught occupied the site of the present courthouse and the following year he taught in the building now known as the Powers Building. .

His first law partner.shijj was with Judge Philo A. Goodwin and the Hon. Hope S. Davis, under the firm name of Goodwin, Davis & Poling. Judge Goodwin died two years later and the firm of Davis & Poling continued until 1885. Prom that date until the mortgage banking firm of T. C. Poling & Company was organized, Mr. Poling gradually withdrew from the routine work of the legal profession and gave his time and attention to the work of building up a strictly financial business, to which the firm has devoted all its energies for many years.

Mr. Poling is now the oldest mortgage banker in Quincj-, and is the head of one of the oldest investment companies doing buisness in the states of Illinois and Missouri. That this company has invested many millions of dollars without the loss of a single dollar on any loan it ever made is evidence of the skill and care of its founder. The company's offices are in the Blackstone Building, of Avhieh Mr. Poling is one of the owners and builders. It was erected in the '80s. His business in farm loans extends over a large territorA' around Quincy in both Illinois and ^lissouri. Since 1905 his active associate has been his son Theodore Chester Poling, Jr. At the present time their annual volume of business is over $1,500,000 in loans now outstanding.

Mr. Poling has been responsible for the development of some of Quincy 's best known residence and business additions. One of them was the ninety-six acres subdivided and now known as the Poling & Cruttenden Addition.

This city is largely indebted to Mr. Poling for the beautiful Lawndale Addition, where his own handsome home is located. Another property in which he is actively concerned is the AYalton Heights Manufacturing Section, of which he and the late John S. Cruttenden, were joint trustees until tlie latter 's death left Mr. Poling as sole tru.stee. Mr. Poling 's labors and financial assistance aided materially in securing additions to Quincy "s splendid boulevai-d and pai-k sj'stem.

Of all his business activities Mr. Poling will doubtless be best remembered for his leadership in movements having to do with the most complete and best known expression of Quincy 's community spirit. He has managed the financial affairs of many wealthy citizens and has been entrusted with the settlement of a large number of e.states as executor and trustee. It is said that more than .$400,000 devoted to charitable purposes passed through his hands as executor or trustee, and this fact is indicated by the county records. He helped raise the money and was the first treasurer of the Building Committee of the local Young Men's Christian Association. He took a similarly prominent part in the Public Librarj- movement many years earlier. The building and lot on which the lilirary was erected were secured largely through the joint labors and solicitations of ^Ir. Poling and Mr. J. N. Sprigg. Mr. Poling served as one of the early directoi's of the library. It was through the earnest appeal made by Mr. Poling and his associates that the handsome Quincy Library of today was built. As financial adviser and as executor of the estates of Charles Brown, Jr., and Anna Brown, he carried to completion their plans to found what is now the Anna Brown Home for tlie Aged, and has been responsible, in a large measure, for the success of that institution.

Mr. Poling is a trustee of the Blessing Hospital, was many years a director of the Chamber of Commerce, and a willing worker for and contributor to many other public enterprises. Seldom has an appeal for assistance in worthy char- ities been presented to him in vaiu. He was a director aud treasurer of the original Quincy Gas, Light and Coke Companj-, and has served as treasurer of the Adams County Llemorial Association and the Quincy Cemetery Association. He is active as a senior deacon in the Congregational church. He is also a member of John Wood Post No. 96, Grand Army of the Republic.

Mr. Poling married J\liss Ella A. Wharton, a native of Philadelphia, but reared and eduacted in Payson, Illinois. She was born ilarch 8, 1848. Their oldest child, Florence Poling Nielson, born March 4, 1869, died February 9, 1911. She was the wife of James Nielson. Otho Curtis Poling, the second child, was born June 20, 1871, and is now a resident of Arizona and is the father of two children. Eugene Edwin Poling, born March 23, 1873, died September 28, 1880. Theodore Chester Poling, born January 31, 1885, is his father's business associate, and is married, ilr. Poling has four grandchildren : Eleanor Poling Nielson ; James Poling Nielson, now serving in the United States Navy ; Frances E. Poling; and Howard 0. Poling.

C.iPT. Greenle.vp H. D.wis. Many times the name and career of Captain Davis have been made subjects of articles in the general press and other publications. He is a most interesting character not only in Quincy but in all the Middle West. Not nearly so much romance surrounds the buikling of railroads in modern times as it did when Captain Davis was a pioneer in pushing along some of the old railway systems. He is about the last survivor of that group of railroad builders who constructed the old Illinois Central and some of the main branches of what is now the great Burlington System.

Captain Davis was born in Stafford County, New Hampshire, March 16, 1834. He is of old New England stock. His grandfather, Nathaniel Davis, spent his life as a New Hampshire farmer. Captain Davis ' parents wei'e natives of the same state and were also farmers there during their lives.

Captain Davis was educated in New Hampshire, and lived there until about eighteen years old, when he came west to Chicago. In 1851 he did his first work as a pioneer railroad builder with the old Illinois Central road while it was being constructed from Chicago to Kankakee, Illinois. He was at first in the track laying department, and subsequently was assigned to charge of the supply department at Muddy Creek. Such was his ability that he was able to reduce his working force to half and increase the efficiency of the department. After getting the department in working order he was assigned to superintendent of the track laying force, and his wages were more than doubled. He carried the tracks of the Illinois Central on as far as Centralia, Illinois, and about that time was offered the position of roadmaster. He declined because of a previous contract he had made to assist in laying the rails of the old Northern Cross Railway, now that part of the Burlington between Galesburg and Quincy.

Captain Davis began track laying for the Northern Cross Railway in 1855, and had the work completed between Galesburg and Quincy by about the first of January, 1856. He then accepted the responsibility of laying the track on the old Hannibal and St. Joseph Railway, a distance of 206 miles across the northern half of Missouri. He was three years in building this pioneer line, and when it was completed he was offered and accepted the position of railroad stock agent at St. Joseph. Later he was made stock agent for the entire road between Chicago and St. Joseph. He has seen practically all the changes in management and extension of these early railwaj^ lines until they now compose part of one of the biggest sj-stems in the United States. Captain Davis continued for thirtj'-six years in the service of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy. For a time he was under General Superintendent J. T. K. Haywood, later for a short time under C. W. Meade, and also served under General Superintendent W. C. Brown, John C. Carsons and other men whose names are household words in railroad affairs. In 1898 Captain Davis became claim agent for the road and filled that office for ten years with headquarters at St. Joseph.

Captain Davis finally retired after more than half a century of railroad work in July, 1908, and has since lived quietly at his old home at 425 North 5th Street in Quincy. Fifty years ago he built a part of this residence, and it was subsequently enlarged and remodeled in 1876.

If the experiences of Captain Davis were written out in detail it could easily be enlarged to a book, and would be a fairly complete historj' of railroad building and extension and operation through the Middle "West. One incident that may properly be recalled even in this brief sketch is that it was under his orders that the first railroad engine was loaded on the boat Denver at St. Joseph, ilissouri, to be used by General Manager H. B. Hoxey on the Union Pacific Railroad when that great transcontinental system was in course of construction.

On September 2, 1862, he was commissioned captain of Company H of the Thirty-Eighth Missouri Regiment, but as his duties were already of a military character he was a captain with special detail and detached service, giving his time chiefly to duties as roadmaster. His commission as captain bears date of July 27,' 1864.

At Galesburg, Illinois, in September, 1855, Captain Davis married Miss Emily Hilton. She was born in New York State, daughter of Richard Hilton, of an old family of that name in New Yoi'k State. Her father was for many years a farmer at Galesburg, Illinois, and later located in "Washington County, Kansas, where he died. His widow, Caroline, survived him and died at the home of Captain and Mrs. Davis in Quincy at the age of seventy-five. Both are now at rest in the cemetery at Galesburg, Illinois. Mrs. Davis died at Quincy in 1900. They had one daughter, Carrie L., who was born and reared and educated in Quincy and is now the Avidow of Morris F. ilurphy, who died in one of the western states several years ago. ]\Irs. Murphy has a daughter, Anna L.. who is a gi-aduate of the Quincy High School and attended college at Galesburg. She and her mother live with Captain Davis.

Captain Davis among other property interests owns 540 acres of land in Caldwell County, Missouri, a well improved farm. For over sixty years Captain Davis has been a Mason, and is one of the oldest members of that order in the state. He took his first degrees in 1857 in a lodge in Macon County, ^Mis.souri. For over half a century his membership has been with Bodly Lodge No. 1, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons at Quincy. He entered that lodge when John Sylvester was its master. Captain Davis is also a Eoyal Arch Mason.

E. "W. Ch-arles Kaempex is president of the Buerkin & Kaempen firm, planing mills, lumber dealers and general contractors, a business that grew from individual services as carpenters forty years or more ago until now it consitutes an immense and well appointed plant and with facilities unexcelled by any similar business in Western Illinois.

The present business is the outgrowth of several partnerships between, carpenters and contractors of an earlier time. In 1879 Joseph Buerkin and James Shanahan joined their respective abilities as good carpenters to establish on a small scale a lumber yard and do general contracting work. Mr. Buerkin for a number of years had been a Quinc\^ carpenter, and was a highly expert, and technical man in all branches of the business. The firm had its first location in a small alley shop back of the Tenk hardware store on Maine Street, between. Fifth and Sixth streets.

From this first partnership Mr. Buerkin withdrew in 1881 and formed a new arrangement with Mr. Gottlieb Burge, a prominent contractor and builder of that day, then already established on Vermont Street, and continued to prosper until 1888. It was in the latter year that E. W. Charles Kaempen, who for fifteen or twenty years had been a carpenter in Quincy, bought the interests of Mr. Burge, and thus established the alliance between the Buerkins and Kaempens which has continued uninterruptedly and with increasing prosperity and growth to the present time. Both men were thorough and practical mechanics and builders, and in a short time they introduced milling machinery, establishing a planing mill and offering their services as contractors.

In 1891 they bought a quarter block at the corner of State and Sixth streets. It was very low and practically wa.ste ground and after filling up a big hollow they erected a mill the same year. In 1894 the mill was enlarged more than double its size. During the past twenty years the plant has been remodeled and increased several times, and they now own and occupy a whole half block. The fii-m now has a big planing mill, other facilities for manufacture of lumber products, a large yard for lumber storage, and unexcelled facilities for contracting in all classes of buildings from private homes to the largest public structures. In 1909 the business was incorporated, with Mr. Buerkin its first president and ilr. Kaempen secretary and treasurer. Two of Mr. Kaempen's sons, Emil and Arthur L., and Mrs. Buerkin 's son, Edwin C, were admitted to the business a.^ directors in the company. In October, 1909, Mr. Joseph Buerkin died, after having been active in business affairs at Quiney for over forty years. He was born at Baden, Germany, in 1848.

Germany was also the birthplace of ilr. Kaempen, who was born April 12, 1850. Both of these men came to the United States when quite young. Mr. Kaempen came to Quiney in the spring of 1868. He is a born mechanic, his father and grandfather on both sides having been carpenters and mechanics in the old countrj'. The first associations between Mr. Buerkin and Mr. Kaempen came as fellow employes with Mr. Lockworthy and Burge at Quiney. Mr. Kaempen was in Mr. Lockworthy 's employ for about twenty years. In 1876 he was shop foreman when that contractor put up the Adams County courthouse.

The firm and corporation of Buerkin & Kaempen has been employed in the construction of some of the most noteworthy buildings, private homes, business houses and public structures in and around Quiney. Among others they erected the ^lasonie Temple, the Armory, the Young Men's Christian Association building, the Chamber of Commerce building, the New Gardner Governor building and others. The company has about 250 men at times on the pay roll, and many of their employes have been with them for a long period of years.

Mr. Kaempen married Miss Louisa Buxman, a native of Quiney and of German parentage. They have eight children, four sons and four daughters. Besides the two sons named above as members of the company there are Charles and Evert, both students in the Quiney High School. These four sons are all single men. The daughter Hermina is the wife of Fred Fredericks, now living in California, and they have a son and three daughters. Laura was educated in the high school and the University of Illinois, and is now a teacher in the Madison School at Quiney. The daughter Flora married Dr. Herman Wendorf, and they have a son, Herman, Jr. Emma Kaempen was also a successful teacher and her death recalls a -well known tragedy. As a teacher in one of the country districts she was boarding with a family who fell victims to the mad vengeance of an alleged kinsman and Miss Kaempen lost her life with the rest. Mr. Kaempen and family are members of the Evangelical Church and formerlj- for thirty years was identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

Hon. Rolland M. "W.\gxer, Adam County's representative in the Fiftieth General Assembly, has through his active and progressive career as a lawyer at Quiney since 1909 amply fulfilled the expectations of his friends who from their early acquaintance with his earnest and studious purposes and activities predicted more than ordinary- success for him in the legal profession.

and already in liis tliirty-third year may be said to have attained that degree of success whicli makes his future secure. His parents are Charles A. and Clara (Collins) Wagner. The Collins famil_y were numbered among the pioneers of Adams County, where Mr. Wagner's mother was born. His maternal grandfather, Oliver Collins, was born in this county more than eighty years ago and has spent his entire life here and is still possessed of all his faculties. He and his wife, who is also past eighty, make their home with their daughter, Mrs. Charles Wagner. Charles A. Wagner was born in Ohio, and came to Adams County with his parents. He was only nine years old when his father died, and wa.s the oldest of four children, all of whom are still living and all married but one. Charles A. Wagner finished his education at Knox College, and after some years as a farmer joined his fathei'-in-law, Oliver Collins, in conducting a general store at Liberty. He and his wife are still living in this county, now practically retired. They are well known people. Their home is at Coatsburg. In the family were seven children : Clifford, deceased ; Nellie, wife of John Y. Lawless, of Coatsburg; Herman T., a farmer at Waterloo, Iowa; Rollaud M. ; Clinton B., of Coatsburg; Edna, wife of Leroy Myers, of Paloma, Illinois, and mother of a daughter, Lucile ; and Hazel, of Quincy.

Rolland il. Wagner graduated and afterward did post-graduate work iu the Liberty High School, and for two years was a teacher in local schools. He then entered the Univer.sity of ]\Iichigan Law School for one year, and the last two years was a student in Northwestern University Law School at Chicago, where he graduated in 1909. He remained for some months in Chicago gaining valuable experience and performing some useful service at the same time as an employe of the Legal Aid Society. In 1910 he was admitted to practice in the Federal Courts. In October, 1909, returning to Quincy, he entered upon his career as a full fledged lawj'cr. In 1913 Mr. Wagner was appointed assistant state's attorney under his present partner, Mr. W^olf, then state's attorney of this county. The first ease he handled was the State vs. Dobbs, but his chief fame as a prosecutor came from his work in the case State vs. Ray Pfanschmidt. Ray Pfan- it will be remembered, was tried for the murder of his father, mother, sister and a school teacher who was boarding at the Pfanschmidt home. It was proved in the course of the trial that he committed the crime for mercenary reasons. JMr. Wagner and his associate labored assiduously preparing the evidence for this trial and Mr. Wagner's arguments before the jury requii-ed six hours for delivery.

Since retiring from the office of assistant state's attorney Mr. Wagner has been associated with Mr. Wolf in private practice and they are one of the busiest firms in Adams County. In 1916 ilr. Wagner was elected as representative of Adams County to the Fiftieth General Assembly and also to the Fifty-First General Assembly. He was a member of the judiciary committee and on the committee of judicial practice and procedure and was also a member of the legislative committee to visit penal institutions. As a democrat he was four years secretary of the Executive County Committee. Mr. Wagner is a director of the Public Library of Quincy and was formerly attorney for the Quincy Humane Society. He is unmarried. Fraternally he is a member of Qi;incy Lodge No. 1, Ancient Free and Accepted ]\Iasons, one of the oldest lodges in the state, is past president of the local lodge of Eagles, is an official member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, is a member of the Turnverein. the Quincy Country Clul), the Y. M. C. A. and is a member of the Presbyterian Church.

Alexander Ohnemus. For more than three quarters of a century the name Ohnemus has been vitally identified with the business welfare and upbuilding of Quincy. Mr. Alexander Ohnemus, of the second generation of tliis family in Quincy, is now retired from business, but in his time played a large and constructive part in affairs.

many generations. Andrew Ohnemus, father of Alexander, was born in Baden in 1820. "When about twenty years of age he came to the United States hy sailing vessel, and from New York came west to Quincy about 1840. By trade he was a harness maker. He and his brother Mathias established a business of this kind at 325 Hampshire Street. At that location they erected two threestorj^ brick buildings, which are still owned by Alexander Ohnemus and have been in the family possession for over seventy years and have never been without tenants. In 1860 Mathias Ohnemus sold out his share of the business to his brother. Andrew Ohnemus lived in a fine home at 14th and Vermont streets until his death on July 22, 1868. His old home at 14th and Vermont was erected when that portion of the city was practically in the country, and it stood as a landmark and pioneer home in the district until building progress caught up and enveloped it.

At Quincy Andrew Ohnemus married Agnes Metz. She was born in Germany about 1830 and came to the United States with her parents at the age of eight or ten years. Her parents also located in Quincy, and were farmers in Riverside Township, where they died within a month of each other, her father at the age of eighty-eight and her mother at eighty-two. The Metz and Ohnemus families were all early members of St. Boniface Catholic chi;rch at Quincy. Agnes Ohnemus died at her home at 14th and Vermont streets in 1903 in advanced years. She and her husband were married in St. Boniface Church, but later transferred their membership to St. Francis parish. In their family were three sons and three daughters. Three are still living: Anton, a well known Quincy business man, secretary and treasurer of the Excelsior Stove Works, and father of three children ; Margaret, who lives at St. Louis, widow of George Puster and the mother of a son Alvin ; and Alexander.

Alexander Olmemus was born at the old home of his father at 325 Hampshire Street May 15, 1854. As a boy he attended St. Francis parochial school and learned the tinner's trade hy a practical apprenticeship. In 1879 he went into business for himself in one of his father's buildings at 327 Hampshire Street, setting up a stove, hardware and tinware business. He successfully conducted that until 1900, when he sold out and then became associated with Mr. W. F. Berghofer for eight years in the sheet metal industry on Jersey Street. Ten years ago Mr. Olmemus retired and is now looking after his private affairs and interests. He lives in a fine two-story frame house at 317 Chestnut Street. This residence he built in 1885, more than thirty years ago. In politics Mr. Ohnemus is a democrat, a member of the Eagles and one of the early members of the Firemen's Benevolent Association.

In Quincy Mr. Ohnemus married Miss Ella M. Clai-k. She was born in East St. Louis October 10, 1859. When she was two years old she lost her mother and she and her brother Amadeus were sent to Adams County to be reared by their maternal grandparents, Darius and Agnes Wertz, of Melrose Township. Mrs. Ohnemus gi'ew up on the Wertz farm and at the death of her grandparents received a generous endowment from them. Mr. and Mrs. Ohnemus had one son, Albert N., whose vigorous manhood and manly character are recalled with extreme regret by his many friends. He was born November 10, 1881, and died in the prime of his usefulness August 30, 1915, at the age of thirty-four. He was educated in the parochial and city schools and the Gem City Business College, and also completed a course at the Illinois State University. He was laid to rest in Calvary Cemetery. Mr. Ohnemus is a member of the Catliolie church, while Mrs. Ohnemus is a Lutheran.

William F. Sivertson. Several generations of the Sivertson family have lived in Adams County, and they have furnished a number of .strong-minded, highly capable and energetic citizens to the various communities in which they have lived. The principal seat of the family has been in Honey Ci'eek Township, where some of the name are still found. The founder of the family here

Christian Frederick Sivertson, who was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, February 20, 1809. When he was only nine years old he ran away to sea, and had many interesting experiences in early life. He came to this country in 1832. He was sixty days in making the voyage to New York, and after about six months in that city and state he went to Washington County, Ohio, and found employment on a river steamboat. He was a shipbuilder by trade and also worked a.s a marine engineer. As a river man he came to Quiuey, and at Quincy on October 22, 1840. married Miss Marcia Lakins. She was born in Whitehall, New York, February 1, 1816. After leaving the river Christian F. Sivertson acquired a fine tract of 160 acres of land in Honey Creek Township for $500 and used the skill of his trade to build the substantial house that now stands on the land. The interior finish for this house was brought from Cincinnati. He also erected several homes for his neighbors and built the school house at the corner of his farm. He spent his last years in retirement at Paloma, where he died August 26, 1891. His wife died January 7, 1894. They were buried at Coatsburg. Christian F. Sivertson was a member of the Free Baptist Church of Paloma. He served at one time as ti'easui-er of his township, and was regarded as a very fine type of citizen. He and his wife had four children. Emily Frances, born December 21, 1842, married Thomas Ingram, and died April 10, 1862, at the age of twenty. The second child was William Frederick Sivertson, whose career is taken up in the following paragi'aphs. Mary Sophia, was born March 5, 1847, and died in middle life unmarried. Edgar Charles, born April 8, 1853, was the youngest of the family.

William Frederick Sivertson was born in Honey Creek Township December 21, 1843, in the same house now occupied by his son William F., Jr. On August 12, 1862, he enlisted in Company I of the One Hundred and Twenty-Fourth Illinois Infantry, in what was known as the Excelsior Regiment, and also the Temperance Regiment. Most of its recruits were from ]\IcDonough County, and his captain was Captain Griffith. He saw three years of active service, being honorably discharged August 15, 1865, as a corporal. He was at the siege of Vicksburg, at Champion Hill and many other engagements.

January 5, 1882, William F. Sivertson married Miss Laura H. White, daughter of James M. White, whose name is the caption of a separate sketch on other pages. The late Mr. Sivertson is remembered not only as a good farmer but as a citizen inclined to intellectual pursuits. He was a student, and kept up with all current events by extensive reading in history and other lines. He was active as a republican in township affairs, served as town clerk for a number of years, and altogether wasi the type of man whose presence means much to any community. He died April 30, 1910, and his good wife passed away February 3, 1911. They were the parents of two sons. Leon F. and William F., Jr. Leon F. was associated with his brother on the old homestead until his death at the early age of twenty-eight. He married Florence Dickhut, and she survives with one child, Donald.

William F. Sivertson, Jr. was born December 28, 1886, in the house built by his grandfather and which he .still occupies. He attended high school at Camp Point and spent one year in Illinois University. After his education he and his brother took the management of the home farm, and they also bought sixtyfive acres of other land and also acquired a tract of 320 acres. At the death of his brother William F. sold the fii-st purchase, but has continued to improve and develop the 320 acres, known as the old T. S. Emery farm. He occupies the old homestead which he owns jointly with his brother's widow. Mr. Sivertson is a successful hog raiser, and sends several carloads annually to market. He also feeds sheep and cattle. He is a republican party worker and has served as party committeeman and judge of elections. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Chiirch at Paloma.

James Morris White was one of the finest figures in the citizenship of Honey Creek Township. He was born in Monroe County, Tennessee, December

22, 1824, a son of Thomas and Nancy (Morris) White. The White family is of English and Welsh ancestry. William White and three brothers emigrated from Wales to America. His son, Richard White was a Virginian and moved across the mountains into Tennessee. Richard White married Elizabeth Calthorp. The original settler, William, had a Welsh father, but his mother, a Hamner, was of an English family.

James Morris White was nine years old when in November, 1833, the family left Alabama, where they were living at the time, and started north for Quincy. The day before beginning this journey was made memorable by a great fall of stars, which all histories have recorded and which James M. White well remembered and frequentlj' spoke of in his later years. The White family reached Quincy December 11th, having had to wait eight days at St. Louis for the only boat then plying up the Mississippi. In the spring of 1835 they moved to Froggy Prairie, and in 1836 bought a farm in the central part of Honey Creek Township. This land is now owned by John L. Grigsby. James 31. White's father spent his last years there, and in the same locality the son grew to manhood and on March 31, 1853, married Miss Margaret Elizabeth Guraion. She was born in Illinois Febi-uary 28, 1834, daughter of Elder Isaiah Guymon, a prominent minister of the Baptist church. The Guymon family lived close to the farm of the White family. Elder Guymon went to Missouri during the war, and died in that state at the advanced age of ninety-one. He was a very pronounced Union man. His father, Isaiah G. Guymon, was of Scotch ancestry, served as a soldier in the Revolutionary war and was next to the tallest man in his regiment. He migrated from Stokes County, North Carolina, to Illinois. Elder Guymon was one of the earnest and forceful preachers of his time, a thorough Bible student, and carried a great deal of conviction into all his discourse. He never preached for a salary, making his living from his farm.

James M. White spent all his married life on his farm a mile and a half northwest of Coatsburg, and that land was in his ownership for over seventy years. He died there October 19, 1916, and at that time was probably the oldest man in the county. His wife died April 2, 1872, at the age of thirtyeight. James M. White was a vigorous and stalwart republican and had no faith in anything the democratic part.y did. He voted for every republican candidate for president except at the first election of Lincoln.

James M. White was an exemplary temperance man and practiced all that he preached. He never used tobacco, and his strength of will made him complete master of both his intelligence and his body. He was very decided, and his firmness and readiness of decision would have made him a great business executive.

He and his wife had six children, four daughters and two sons. The oldest daughter, Eleanora C, died at the age of twenty as the wife of George Lovejoy. Laura Helen was Mrs. William F. Sivertson Sr. Nannie has had a career of exceptional interest. She attended Knox College at Galesburg, graduating with the class of 1887, taught school in Adams county and in the high school at Gilman, Illinois, and from there went to Washington and for eighteen and a half years was clerk in the treasury department. At the death of her sister, Mrs. Sivertson, she returned home to care for her father, and is now living at Paloma. She is secretary of the Red Cross Society and acting assistant cashier of the Bank of Paloma, and while a resident of Washington was a member of the Congregational Church in that city. William L. White, the older son, graduated from Knox College in the same class with his sister, taught school in Adams County, and is now living at Alameda, California, as salesman for the United States Steel Products Company. James Alvin resides at Peoria, where he is connected with the Avery Manufacturing Company. Mary, the yoiingest of the children, is the wife oif David C. Hair, son of the late D. L. Hair of Adam9 County. ]\Ir. Hair is a railway conductor, living at Okolona, Mississippi.

ITox. Lyman McCael. The present generation at least in Adams County knows Lyman MeCarl as well as any other personality in Quiney. The present records therefore are set down not to tell who he is or what he is doing or has done, but as a matter of history for a later generation.

Lyman ilcCarl, son of Alexander W. McCarl and Minerva (Likes) McCai'l, was born on a farm in section 32 of Richfield Township, Adams County, Illinois, May 3, 1S59.

A man of liberal education and culture, it is evident that Judge McCarl acquired his training and did not merely receive it. He attended the district schools near the old home and at the age of seventeen entered the Maplewood High School at Camp Point, where he graduated in the sj^ring of 1878. After two years as a teacher he entered Lombard College at Galesburg, from which institution he was graduated Bachelor of Science in June, 1885. Two years later he returned and took his Master of Science degree at Lombard.

The summer of 1885, it is a matter of special interest to note, Judge Mc- Carl spent compiling and writing a county history of LaSalle County to be published by the Lewis Publishing Company, publisliers of the present woi'k on Adams County. He then returned to Adams County and taught school and at the same time carried on his law studies imder Capt. AV. H. Keath of Quiney.

Judge McCarl was admitted to the bar June 16, 1888, so that his career as a lawyer is a record of thirty years of honest and earnest practice combined with various official duties. He was for two years deputy eii-cuit clerk under George Bropliy. Li 1890 he entered partnership with William G. Feigenspan, their partnership being known as McCarl & Feigenspan and continuing to mutual advantage for twenty years, until Mr. McCarl was elected county judge. In June, 1891, he was appointed by Judge Oscar P. Bonuey, master of chancery in Adams County, an office he filled for six years. In November, 1910, he was elected to his prei5ent office as county judge of Adams County, and was re-elected in 1914.

Judge McCarl in politics is a democrat and in religion a Unitarian. He is a member of the Masonic order, the Knights of Pythias, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. In a Ijusiuess way he is also president of the Tri- State Mutual Life Insurance Company of Adams County. Many organizations and causes have at different times sought his active support and assistance. He is president of the Associated Charities of Quiney and is president of the Board of Trustees of Lombard College at Galesburg. his alma mater. Since the war began with Germany he has willingly made those saci-ifices demanded of every loyal citizen. Besides the service flag in his home with two stars indicating that his two sons are in the ranks of the army. Judge McCarl is a director of the Red Cross Society and a member of the Covuicil of Defense and chairman of the Legal Advisory Board for Quiney.

April 23, 1893, Judge McCarl married Miss Hannah M. Berrian, only daughter of the late Judge Benjamin F. Berrian. To them have been born four children : Margaret, Richard B., Donald E. and Charlotte. The daughter Margaret has much talent as a singer and served as chorister in the Unitarian Church until December 4, 1918, when she was married to Ensign Theodore P. Wright. Richard B. is one of the sons who represents the family in the army, and is now stationed with an Ambulance Corps in Paris, France. Donald E., who was in the Navy Aviation Service at Minneapolis, Minnesota, has been released on inactive duty and now is a member of the sophomore class of Lombard College at Galesburg, and that institution has graduated both Margaret and Richard B. Charlotte, the youngest of the family, is in the junior class of the Quiney High School.

Alfred J. Brockschmidt. Scholarly in his habits, talented and accomplished, Alfred J. Brockschmidt, of Quiney, a lawyer of wide experience, has won a commanding position in the legal .profession and an honored position

University Of Illinois

A native of Germany, John Henry Brockschmidt was born at Bohmite, near Osnabruck, in the Kingdom of Hanover. Realizing the superior advantages- America offered for obtaining a living, he immigrated to this country as a youth, settling in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1856, a stranger in a strange country, and unable to speak English. While looking for employment he was taken ill and removed to a hospital. While there he wrote to an uncle in Quincy Hlinois, explaining his plight, and the uncle immediately sent for him to come to him. Arriving in this city, he found employment in a hat factory, and apprenticed himself for a period of three years, his wages to be, in addition to his room and board, ^25 the first year ; .$50 the second year ; and $75 the last year. In the meantime the ambitious lad attended night school, in which he acquired an excellent knowledge of the English language. With this foundation of knowledge, energy, perseverance and thrift, his advance in life was rapid and continuous, and he never failed to thoroughly impress upon his children the inestimable value of a good education in the attainment of any desirable position. He subsequently embarked in mercantile pursuits in Quincy, and cari-ied on a prosperous business until his death, October 24, 1897.

The maiden name of the wife of John Henry Brockschmidt was Caroline M. Epple. She was born in Adams County, Illinois, and died at her home in Quincy, April 8, 1876. Six children were ])orn of their union, as follows: Alfred J., the special sub.iect of this brief review ; Lorenzo J., deceased : Ositha M., who died September 9, 1913 ; Louisa Philomena, who died August 24, 1912 ; Francis J., who died March 17, 1909, and Agnes, deceased.

Obtaining his elementary education in the St. Boniface Parish School, Alfred J. Brockschmidt was gracluated from St. Francis College, Quincy, with the class of 1879, on June 20 of that year, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and subsequently took a post graduate course of two years at that institution. He was then eager to enter upon a mercantile career, but was over-iiiled by his father, who was anxious that he should further advance his college studies. Going to Missouri, he entered the St. Louis University, where he obtained a degree. He received his first instructions in law at the hands of the late Hon. Orville H. Browning, of Quincy, U. S. senator of Illinois, at one time Secretary of Interior in the cabinet of President Lincoln, and one of the ablest attorneys of the State of Illinois. Subsequently entering the law department of Yale University, Mr. Brockschmidt was there graduated June 27, 1883, and there in 1884 and 1885 he took post graduate courses. Returning to Quincy, he has since been actively and successfully engaged in the practice of his chosen profession, having built up an extensive and lucrative patronage. He was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of the State of Connecticut, at New Haven, June 27, 1883,"admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of the State of Illinois, at Springfield, September 19, 1883 ; admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of the State of ilissouri, October 12, 1886 ; admitted to practice in the Federal courts by the U. S. District Court, Southern District of Illinois, September 10, 1895 : to the Circuit Court of U. S. Southern District of Illinois, September 11, 1905; to the U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, September 11, 1905 : to the Supreme Court of the State of Iowa, October 16, 1908 ; and to the U. S. Supreme Court, December 10, 1913.

On August 28, 1901, Mr. Brockschmidt was united in marriage with ]\Iathilde L. Loire, a native of Saint Louis, Missouri. Mr. and Mrs. Brockschmidt have no children. Politically Mr. Brockschmidt is a democrat, and religiously he is affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church. Professionally he belongs to the Illino's, Missouri and Iowa State Bar associations, and to the American Bar Association.

Joseph J. Zimmerm.vx. The name Zimmerman has been a familiar one in Quincy history for over half a century, and has been especially identified with the iron working- trades. Joseph J. Zimmei'inan is au experienced blacksmith and carriage-smith and now conducts the large wagon and carriage factoi-y at 105 North Third Street which was established by his brother, the late Alvis L. Zimmerman, many years ago. Alvis L. Zimmerman died December 1, 1913, and his successor in the business is Joseph J. Zimmerman, who had been in the shops for thirty-two years. The factory is one of Quincy's important local institutions, and turns out a large amount of material in carriages and also automobile trucks. Alvis L. Zimmerman had conducted this business for forty odd years. He was a thoroughly practical mechanic, skilled in every branch of the iron and wood working industiy.

Joseph J. Zimmerman was born December 12, 1866, in the old family home at 514 Kentucky Street, where all his brothers and sisters were also born. He is a son of Michael and Josephine (Schmidt) Zimmerman. His parents were both born in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, of Catholic families. They left their native country when young, came in sailing vessels to the United States and from Castle Garden came westward to Quincy, where they married. Michael Zimmerman owned a rock quarry and lime kiln near Quincy and was a lime burner until his death in 1869 when past fifty-six years of age. His widow survived him until 1902 and lived at the home of her son Alvis, where she died aged seventy-seven. Both parents were members of St. Boniface Catholic Church. Michael Zimmerman was a liberal supporter of church activities of every kind. In the family were three sons and one daughter: Alvis L., who married Mary Avercamp, also deceased, and they had two children, Hilda who is married, and Blanche. Anton died thirty years ago at the age of thirty-two. The next son is Joseph J. Mary, the oldest of the family, was born on Kentucky Street, sixty-five years ago, was educated in the parochial schools, and died November 30, 1918. She was the widow of "William Boland and had two children, Albert and Josie.

Joseph J. Zimmerman grew up at Quincy, was educated in the local schools and learned his trade as an iron worker with his brother. He married in Quincy Cletta Moss, who was born in this city in 1871. Her parents, Henry and Elizabeth (Blickhan) Moss, were natives of Germany, but were married after they came to Quincy. Her father was for thirty-two years a coachman for Henry Bull, a prominent Quincy banker, and died while in his service. Her widowed mother is still living at the age of seventy-four. Mrs. Zimmerman's parents and family were also active Catholics. Mr. and Mrs. Zimmerman are members of St. Francis Catholic Church. They are the parents of eight children : Olivia, wife of Fred Kraemer of Quincy and mother of four children ; Agnes, who married Frank Wattercutter in Camp Grant; Freda, at home; Margaret, wife of Mark Brushan, who is a farmer in this county; Lawrence J., who is a very capable iron mechanic and employed in his father's shop ; Richard, Alfred and Ralph, the two older still in school.

J. W. Edward Bitter, M. D. A phj^sieian and surgeon of more than thirty years practice and experience, there is not a member of the profession in Quincy more generously esteemed and liked by his fellow associates and by the public in general than Doctor Bitter. He is a graduate of the Quincy College of Medicine with the class of 1886, and in 1898 was awarded a post-graduate certificate by the Philadelphia Polyclinic. After completing his medical studies he began practice on Washington Street, at No. 829, and was there nearly thirty years, until he removed to his present beautiful home and office at 1130 State Street. This is iia many ways one of the most charming homes of Quincy. Doctor Bitter is a man of exceeding domestic temperament and the greatest happiness of his life is when he is spending his hours with his happy family. Doctor Bitter began the study of medicine at Quincy under Dr. John C. Curtis, and pursued his readings under that direction two years before entering college. He is a member of the Adams County Medical Society and his attainments as a practitioner well justifies the esteem in which he is held.

Adams County has not a more sterling patriot tlian Doctor Bitter. He is heart and soul in the present great war and regards it an opportunity and privilege to give his time and means to every cause connected with army work and everything that will promote the success of the allied progi-am.

Doctor Bitter, whose full name is John Wilhelm Eduard, was born at Quincy April 4, 1863. The home in which he was born stood on the site of the present Evangelical Lutheran Church at the corner of State and Ninth streets. He was educated in the parochial and public schools, and in early life manifested that ambition and determined character which have brought him the position he now enjoys.

His father was John Henry Bitter, a prominent and successful business man of Quincy for many years. He was born at Laar in Kreis Herford, Germany, August 3, 1834. He came to the United States, landing at New Orleans, in 1852 and soon afterwards reaching Quincy, where he took up his trade as stone cutter. In March, 1855, he married at Quincy Miss Annie Menke, who was born in the same district of Germany as her husband on February 9, 1834, and had also come to this country in 1852. The father built up a large business as a stone mason contractor, and lived in Quincy until his death in 1890, at the age of fifty-six. His widow survived him until August, 1917, and at the time of her death was aged eighty-two years, five months, twenty-seven days. They were members of the Lutheran church and the father was a republican and was affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in both the Lodge and Encampment. He and his wife had six children : Henry, born June 17, 1857; Hannah, born November 20, 1859; Doctor Bitter; Anna Wilhelmina, born December 3, 1868; Anna Lidia, born May 11, 1871; and Anna Amanda, born March 3, 1875.

The same year he gi'aduated in medicine Doctor Bitter married at Maysville, Missouri, Miss Joanna L. Beatty. She was born in "West Virginia, daughter of Josiah and Phoebe E. (Taylor) Beatty, also natives of the same state. In 1863 her parents moved to Maysville, Missouri, where her father died at the age of eighty, and her mother at eighty-three. Both were active members of the Methodist church. They had lived together as man and wife for fifty-seven years, and in that time there was not a single break in the family circle by death.

Doctor and Mrs. Bitter have six children : Eleanor A., a graduate of the Gem City Business College and now an employe with the Booth Fisheries Company at Chicago; Laura, wife of Percy C. Henrj', of New York City, is the mother of one daughter Gertrude E. ; Arthur "W., a graduate of the University of Missouri and from the University of Pennsylvania with the class of 1918 and now a member of the Medical Reserve Corps of the United States Army; Florence, a trained nurse now in hospital practice; Milton E., a graduate of the Quincy High School in 1917 ; and Agnes V., who also will graduate from the Quinc.v High School in 1919. Doctor and ]\Irs. Bitter are members of the Methodist church.

Henry F. Muegge. In this era of high priced lands and high priced farm products, when a farmer is supposed to be rolling in wealth, it is interesting and instructive to refer somewhat in detail to the experience of such a man as Henry F. Muegge, whose prosperity and enterprise are above question and who acquired that success under circumstances vastlj^ different fi'om those now prevailing in the agricultural world. In fact Mr. Muegge began with nothing but his bare hands. He worked successively as a farm hand, farm renter, modest farm owner, and has bought liuudreds of acres of land at a value now represented bv ten or twent.v bushels of wheat, has sold fat cattle at $50 a head, and hogs at 3 and 4 cents a pound. ^Mr. Muegge is now living retired in a comfortable home at Quincy, but still spends much time looking after his farms, and has one excellent place in Burton Township.

infancy by his parents, David and Mary Miiegge. He was thirteen or fourteen years old when his okl family minister supplied him with the date of his birth - - December 25, Christmas Day of 1853. His father died at Quincy about six months after coming to this country. There were just two sons, William and Henry. AVilliam, two years older than Henry, was reared by his uncle Henry John Menke, remembered as a pioneer planing mill man in Qnincy. Illinois. William Muegge subsequentlj' learned the carpenter's trade, lived for many years at Tioga in Hancock County, and is now retired in Quincy at 12th and Jefferson streets.

Henry F. Muegge grew up with his mother and in after years made a home for her and supported her until his own marriage. She was a woman that deserved much credit, and in order to support herself and her son she took in washing. After the marriage of Henry she lived in his home and later went to the home of a daughter, Mrs. Cupp, of Hamilton in Hancock County, and died at a good old age.

For several years Henry Muegge had the advantages of the public schools in Hancock County, and also attended parochial school there. He was fourteen or fifteen years of age when he a.ssumed the serious task of supporting himself. He worked out by the year at $10 a month for Sutter G. Budiker. He was then quite small for his age, but was an earnest worker and earned every cent that was paid him. All his wages went to the support of his mother. At eighteen Mr. Muegge came to Mendown Township and was employed at $18 a month by Peter Wible for three years. In a short time his wages were advanced to $20. For two vears he was also emplo3'ed by Clarke Striekler, receiving $200 for nine months. While in the employ of Mr. Striekler he married ]Miss Hannah H. Mowe, who was born at 701 Washington Street in Quincy, eighteen years before her marriage.

When he married Mr. jMuegge had aecumi;lated $500 in savings, and also owned a house and lot at Tioga where his mother lived. He began as a renter near Mendon for one .year, until that farm was sold, and then moved a mile and a half south and half a mile east of Melrose Chapel and live miles from Quincy. His experience there was not profitable and he moved to another farm in the same vicinity, ninety acres, which was owned by his uncle, Henry ^Menke. He rented that land for $600 a year cash rent, and was on it for eight years. He then bought the place at $6,000, paying $1,000 in cash and the rest on time. In seven years time he had it paid for, and he did this through the products of the land and by stock dealing. Probably the keynote to Mr. Muegge 's success has been his skillful and energetic entenprise as a stock dealer. He has always handled stock and seldom has his judgment been betrayed. Besides his home farm he rented other land and frequently had as high as iOO acres under his management. In the meantime he had bought an adjoining forty acres, giving him 130 acres of his own. After fifteen years he sold that place and located on the old Daniel Wible farm in Ursa Township, this being a 160 acre place, a mile and a half east of old Ursa. He bought this farm for $16,000, going $6,000 in debt. By this time he was well under way and was willing to assume what many men would have regarded as risky obligations, having complete faith in his own ability to pay out and make good. The next year after Inning the Wible farm he bought forty-five acres at $80 an acre, two yeai-s later took on a 140 acre place in Mendon Township at $25 an acre, and in the same year bought twenty acres adjoining the 140 at $30 an acre. The next year he acquired the 150 acres known as the Grimes farm, which was sold at an administrator's sale for $8,500. These various tracts gave him more than 500 acres and he operated the entire tract under his direct supervision. His policy then as always was running large numbers of stock in his fields, and this was not only a money making plan but did much to improve the fertility and advance the value of the land. At liis last sale Mr. Muegge had ninety head of cattle and his total receipts from the sale ran over $5,000. When Mr. Muegge sold the old Wible farm to Mrs. William Nickerson, the sale was talked of for many days, as the place hroiiglit .^20,000. He also sold forty-five acres at $125 an acre, and soon afterwards turned over the Grimes farm of 150 acres to his oldest son, Harry, who still owns it. ]\Ir. ]\Iuegge owns 160 acres in the same vicinity, and it also is under the management of his son Harry. After thus disposing of his land holdings ^Ir. Muegge moved to Quinej-, and has one of the good city homes at 1022 Kentucky Street.

However, he was not content to remain idle. Soon afterward he paid $17 an acre for 240 acres in Marion Count.y, Missouri. A short time later he sold this at an advanced value, and then inve.sted in eighty acres at Coatsburg at $40 an acre. He has also bought and sold some property in Quincy, and has always added something of value to every farm he has owned. Several years ago Mr. Muegge bought the Reinhart Cook place of 210 acres in Burton Township, eight miles east of Quincy. He acquired this land at a public sale at the courthouse in Quincy, and at once put his son Fred on the property. Fred operated the farm vnitil his death December 29, 1918. Mr. Muegge spends much time there supervising operations. Fred Muegge, who was born in Melrose Township, was thirty-four years of age at the time of his deatli, and left a widow and four children. He was a devout member of St. James Church.

Mr. Muegge has always kept hogs. At one time he owned as many as 500. Even at .$.3.35 a hundred he found hog growing fairly profitable. He has sold corn for 25 cents a bushel, wheat at 70 cents, and for three years his crop of this golden grain brought only 60 cents a bushel. This schedule of low prices prevailed during a large part of the time while ilr. JIuegge was paying for his lands. The explanation of his successful career is merely the old story of a very able and energetic man who would be successful in any time and under almost any circumstances, and without the aid of high prices fixed by the Government.

'Mr. Muegge is a republican in polities. He is a memlier of the German Lutheran Church and has always been interested in movements for the improvement and welfare of the various districts in which he has lived.

He and his wife had the following children : Harry, a farmer in ]Mendon Township ; William, in Lewis County, Missouri ; Edward, of Mendon Township ; Fred, deceased ; Matilda, a trained nurse ; Charles, of Rock Island, Illinois ; Arthur, who is an invalid ; Selma, who attended the Macomb Normal School, has taught in Adams County and is at home ; Esther, also a graduate of the Macomb Normal and an Adams County teacher; and Emil, a student of Gem City Business College of Quincy.

GuSTAVE A. Bauman has been an active business man of Quincy more than forty years. Since 1886 he has been in the loan, mortgage and general money brokerage business, and continuously at Quincy except two years spent in another city. He is a recognized specialist on the subject of farm loans, and that is now the basis of most his work, carried on in Adams and adjacent counties and also in the State of Missouri. From 1886 to 1898 he was associated with Mr. T. C. Poling, one of the prominent business men of Quincy, and from 1898 to 1905 was in partnership with the late John S. Crittenden. At that time he located in the Blackstone Building, but since 1907 has been in business for himself at his present location, 300 6th Avenue, North.

Mr. G. A. Bauman is not only a good business man, but one of the men upon whose good citizenship Quincy has come to rely. He has been a most enthusiastic supporter of America's part in the present war and has given two of his sons with commi.ssions as officers to the service. In reviewing his past career Mr. Bauman finds that its most strenuous period was the thirteen yeai-s from 1873 to 1886 when he spent from sixteen to seventeen hours every day, including parts of Sundays, in his father's meat market at 20 North 6th Street, between Maine and Hampshire streets, as salesman and general manager. He regards this now as a splendid discipline, one that gave him a thorough comprehension of the fundamentals of business detail, and likewise developed his physical power and endurance, and this has not been the least asset of his subsequent business career. Mr. Bauman is still a strong man physically and would easily pass for being twenty years younger than he is.

He was born at Herman, Missouri, thirty miles east of Jefferson City, December 14, 1857. He spent his early life at Herman until 187.3, when the family moved to Quiney. He is a son of Engel and Louise (Danzisen) Bauman. His father was born in Canton Uri, Switzerland, where the name was spelled Buman. His birth occurred in 1824 and as a young man he went to France and later was passenger on a sailing vessel that required three months to cross the Atlantic and land him in New Orleans. He proceeded up the river to Herman, Missouri. He lived in a time when there were wonderful opportunities for a man of courage and dauntless spirit and in his lifetime he saw many countries and played many interesting parts. In 1849, with some others of his fellow eountrvmen, he crossed the plains to the golden shores of California. While in the West he met the famous Sutter, who was also a native of Switzerland, and whom history credits as having first discovered gold in California. Engel Bauman mined gold for some time, then returned to the States, and again went west, on this trip doubling Cape Horn. He knew California in the time and conditions that have been so vividly described by Bret Harte and other writers. After this experience he did saw milling in ^Missouri along the Missouri River during the Civil war and until 1873, when he brought his family to Quiney. In Quinc.y he established a meat market, and was active in that business until 1886, when he retired. He died in 1902, at the age of seventy-nine.

While living at Herman, Missouri, Engel Bauman married Louise Danzisen, who was born in Baden, Germany, February 11, 1838, and as a child was left an orphan. She came to America to join her kindred in Missouri. After her marriage she worked faithfully and loyally with her husband in rearing their family, and is still living in Quiney at the age of eighty-one years. Gustave A. Bauman was the oldest of his parents' five children. One daughter, Louise, died in 1875, at the age of sixteen. The second oldest is Louis P., who with his brother Eugene live in Kansas and both are active .stockmen. Both are married but have no children. Otto, the other child, was educated in the Quiney schools and also the State University and for many years has been a clerk for his brother Gustave and is also married but has no children.

Gustave A. Bauman married at St. Louis, Missouri, March 26, 1890, Augusta L. Frendenstein. She was born at St. Louis of German parentage and was reared and educated there. Her father, who died thirty years ago, was in the grocery business at St. Louis and her mother is still living and was eighty-four j'ears of age on December 19, 1918.

For all that he has accomplished in a business way Mr. Bauman takes more pride in his children than aiiything else. His oldest child, Eugenia, born at Quiney twenty-seven years ago, was educated in the high school and St. Louis University and is now the wife of Charles L. Carr, only son of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel J. Carr of Quiney. Mr. and Mrs. Carr now live in Kansas City, Missouri, where he is a successful lawyer, being a graduate of Northwestern University of Evanston, Illinois.

The second eliild and older son of Mr. and Mrs. Bauman is William G., who is a graduate of Washington LTniversity in St. Louis, is a lawyer by profession, but over a year ago received his commission as a lieutenant at Fort Sheridan and is now first lieutenant in the Forty-Second Machine Gun Battalion, Fourteenth Division, at Camp Custer, iliehigan.

The second son, Gustave A., Jr., is a graduate of the University of Wisconsin and has taken the agricultural course. He was also a candidate for a commission at Fort Sheridan in the officer's Reserve Corps, and is now a First Lieutenant and organizer of the Three Hundred and Forty-Third Tank Corps Battalion, located at Camp Polk, Raleigh, North Carolina.

The family are members of the Congi-egational Church. Mr. Bauman is affiliated with Lambert Lodge No. 569, Ancient Fi'ee and Accepted Masons and

August P. Stockhecke came to Adams County fifty years ago. For four decades he steadily pursued his way as a farmer, home maker and one of the most industi'ious citizens of his community, and since then has enjoyed a well earned retirement and some of the comforts of city life in a good home at 1030 Kentuckj' Street, Quincy.

August F. Stockhecke was born in Westphalia, Germany, September 18, 1842, son of Philip and Elizabeth (Bolkenbrink) Stockhecke, natives of the same district of Germany and German farmers. They spent all their lives in the old country and were members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Of their sons and daughters only two are now living, August and Heurj-. The latter when a j'oung man came to America and has been a thrifty and progressive farmer of Mendon Township. He is married and has three children.

August F. Stockliecke grew up on his father's farm in Westphalia and had the usual common school education supplied to German boys. He was called into the army and his period of service was during a particularly eventful time in the growth of the Prussian Empire. He was in some of the campaigns of 1864-66 while Prussia was acquiring from Denmark the provinces of Schleswig- Holstein. He had some very narrow escapes and one time a shell exploded immediately in front of him and threw him down, but by some miracle left him without serious injury. At the conclusion of his arm3' service in December, 1866, Mr. Stockhecke married Miss Wilhelmina Stockshiek. She was born in Lippe Detmold, Germany, December 7, 1842, and was reared and educated there. Her parents were Helmer and Louise (Hietkamp) Stockshiek, both natives of Lippe Detmold and farmei's there. The Stockshiek family came to America and the mother died at St. Louis at the age of fifty-six, soon after arriving, while the father survived many years and passed away at the age of seventy-four. The Stockshieks were also members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Three of Mrs. Stockhecke 's sisters are still living, all married and have children of their own.

Mr. Stockhecke and his young bride came to America in September 1867. They journeyed by ocean steamer, the Deutschland, from Bremen to New York City, being on the ocean seven days. From there they came west to St. Louis, .spending one winter in the city, and in the spring of 1868 arrived at Quincy. For two and a half years Mr. Stockhecke made his home in Quincy, and then moved to a rented farm in Ellington Township. He also rented in Ursa Township five j'ears. In the meantime his affairs had been prospering owing to the diligence practiced by himself and wife, and he was able to effect the purchase of 147 acres in Mendon Township. This land he converted into a fine farm, erecting good buildings both house and barns, and also increasing the area to 227 acres. Still later he invested some of his surplus in 160 acres in section 16 of the same township. That also represents a complete farm in its equipment. Mr. Stockliecke did all around farming, specializing in good livestock, and though most of his work was done in an era of low prices he was able to retire with a comfortable competence in 1908. Since then he has lived in a substantial city home, a two-story brick, seven-room residence at 1030 Kentucky Street in Quincy. Mr. Stockhecke is a republican voter, but be.yond casting an intelligent vote has never been in politics. He and his famil,y are all members of the Salem Evangelical Lutheran Church. It now remains to mention briefly the children.

Herman P., the oldest, is a successful farmer in Ursa Township. He married Mary Thyson, and their family consists of Lawrence, Arthur and Minnie.

August W., the second son, occupies his father's 160 acre farm in section 16. He married Nora Starr, and their children are Bessie, Curtis and Charles.

William T. Duker. One of the solid, reliable and representative business men of Quincy is William T. Diiker, who for over thirty years has been in business as a merchant, and is now proprietor of a general department store that would do credit to any city in Illinois.

A native of Quincy, where he was born December 14, 1861, ilr. Duker represents some well known old time families of the city. His parents were Theodore and Elizabeth (Brinekhoff) Duker. The mother was born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the father was born in Hanover, Germany, and was brought to America in 1846, at an early age. The grandmother on the maternal side was named Elizabeth Yon Hobbard. She was a beautiful woman, of noble birth and lineage, and left her native land because of her marriage out of the royal kin. The Brinekhoffs came to Quincy in 1846 and the husband here was a contractor and builder. This family has furnished a familiar name to Quincy in the Brinekhoff Addition in the western part of the city. Theodore Duker came to Quincy in 1848, had a cooperage shop for a number of years, and then for about fifteen years was a general merchant. He finallj' retired from business and died in 1906, at the age of seventy-eight. His wife passed away in 1899. William T. Duker was the oldest of the six sons of his parents, and altogether there were eleven children.

As a boy he attended the public schools of Quincy and also St. Francis' College. Experience in the line which has beoome his permanent vocation began as a boy clerk in a dry goods store. For a time he was in Kansas City, and in 1889 he became associated with H. B. Menke. These two enterprising men stocked with merchandise a single front building and as their enterprise prospered they put up a large store at 704 Maine Street and later leased a building at 614 Maine Street. The partnership was dissolved in 1898, and since then Mr. Duker has been in business alone. At this writing he is constructing a modern and handsome department store building, 72 by 130 feet, six stories in height, at the corner of Sixth and Maine streets. The building has two balconies, thus giving eight complete .stories. It is fire proof construction, with a complete sprinkling system installed, and also modern facilities of ventilation.

February 12, 1888, Mr. Duker married Elizabeth Bowles, a native of Peoria, Illinois. They have two children, Edna B. and William T., Jr. In polities Mr. Duker is independent. He has never sought office and has rendered valuable public service through various organizations of which he is a member. He is president of the Quincy National Bank, took an active part in building the modern Hotel Quincy, and has held various offices in the Chamber of Commerce, being now vice president. Fraternally he is identified with the Knights of Columbiis, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and is a member of the Catholic church.

Judge Joseph Sibley. The Adams County Bench and Bar of the last century has had no more honored and dignified figure than that of Judge Joseph Sibley, who was associated with all the great lawyers and statesmen that made Illinois famous at that time, and his own abilities rank him among the best of these.

His American ancestry goes back to the time of the Mayflower in New England. The first Sibleys on leaving England settled in Connecticut, and later moved to Massachusetts. Judge Sibley's father, Aaron Sibley, spent his active life as a New England farmer at Westfield, ^Massachusetts. He married Tryphena Agard. Her father, Joshua Agard, enlisted from Connecticut and served in the Continental line of the Revolutionary Army. The oldest brother of Aaron Sibley, Moses Sibley, was also a Revolutionary soldier. Thus two different lines of the family are entitled to member.ship in the patriotic societies. Aaron Sibley and his four brothers spent their lives in Massachusetts.

Library

Judge Joseph Sibley was born at "Westfield, Massachusetts, Januar.v 2, 1818. When a young man he went to Schenectady, New York, and studied law under Judge Potter. After his admission to the bar he sought a western field for his experience, and went to Nauvoo, Illinois, arriving there soon after the death of the ilormon leader, Joseph Smith. He did well in practice in that county, and in 1853 located at Warsaw, then a small but growing town.

Joseph Sibley was first chosen to the bench in 1855, when he was elected a circuit judge. His term as circuit judge ran for a longer period than that of any other judge in his district. He was on the bench twenty-four consecutive years. In 1865, in order to accommodate his residence to the exacting demands of his judicial position, he moved to Quincy, and here bought an entire square of land at 1200 North Eighth Street. There he built his large home and in the next block lived his friend, 0. H. Browning, at that time a secretary in President Johnson's Cabinet. Senator Browning and Judge Sibley were fast friends. Wlien under the new constitution Illinois established its Appellate Courts, Judge Sibley was appointed one of the three judges to represent this district, and finished out his judicial career on that bench. Judge Sibley was also a member of the Legislature two terms, 1850 and 1852.

In 1879 he retired from the bench and became associated in practice with J. N. Carter and W. H. Covert. Mr. Carter, who recently died, was a judge of the Supreme Court of Illinois. This firm was one of the most successful in Western Illinois and Judge Sibley was an active member until he was injured by slipping on a banana peel and after that was unable to participate in office' practice, so he constantly received at his home his fellow lawyers and was considered invaluable to them in advice and counsel. Judge Sibley died June 18, 1897, when nearly eighty years of age. He was a lifelong democrat and a very vigorous partisan when not on the bench. He was reared in the Methodist Episcopal Church.

In 1849, at St. Louis, he married iliss Maria E. Brackett. Mrs. Sibley, who is still living and one of the most honored women of Quincy, belongs to one of the oldest and most historic families of the state. She was born in that interesting French community of Cahokia, Illinois, February 8, 1829, daughter of Dr. James L. and Hortense (Jarrot) Brackett. Her maternal grandfather, Nicholas Jarrot, was a native Frenchman and was one of the followers of General Lafayette in bringing assistance to the sorely beset colonists at the time of the Revolution and was in the War of 1812. He died at Cahokia. Illinois. The old Jarrot mansion liouse at Cahokia was constructed after General Clark had conquered the Northwest. It is constmcted of brick made on the grounds and still kept in good repair, having survived the earthquake of 1812 and the floods of 1844 and 1851, when the river was above the second story.

In 1776 Vital Beauvais married Feliste Jannis. The bride on tliat occasion wore a wedding gown made of genuine cloth of gold, which is now in possession of the family. Later, in 1828, when her granddaughters were married, this wedding gown was made into two gowns, and though 140 years old one is still preserved as a sacred relic and to all appearances is as good as new, and also her wedding ring. Another family posses.sion is a small chest in which this French ancestor brought with him to America his stock of gold. Dr. James L. Brackett, father of Mrs. Sibley, wa.s a son of James Brackett, a colonist of ]Maiue and a soldier in the Revolution. Dr. Brackett when a young practicing physician came West and earned high station in his profession and as a citizen of Cahokia, where he died when past fifty-one years of age. His widow lived to be eighty-seven and her mother was ninety-six when she died.

Mrs. Sibley is thus a woman of many historic associations. She was reared and educated in St. Louis and still possesses all her faculties and takes keen enjoyment in life, so that she greatly belies her age. She is now in her ninetieth year. In the campaign for the Third Liberty Loan at Quincy ]\Irs. Sibley was honored and did honor to lier connnunity by marching at the head of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and going in sprightly step the entire distance of fifteen blocks covered by the parade. She is the head of five geiieratious, something seldom seen now-a-days, and some three years ago a picture of them was taken. She was a great-great-grandmother at eighty-six, Jarrot Sibley was a great-grandfather at sixty-four, and Julia Hartley was a grandmother at forty-two, and still none were married under twenty years.

Judge and Mrs. Sibley had two children. Jarrot Joseph, born in St. Louis in 1851, is a well known agriculturist of Mendon Township of Adams County, and has made his place a meeca for stockmen. In 1872 he married at Palmyra, Missouri, Amanda Carson, who died in 1906. They had six children. Julia is the wife of John Hartley of Kahoka, Missouri, and is the mother of seven children : Belle, who married Earl Newuham, is the mother of two children, Thurston and ]\Iarguarite ; Amanda married Otto Wright; Robert and John, both unmarried ; Ruth and Ruby, twins, both married ; and Minah. Cora, the second child of Jarrot J. Sibley, died in infancy. The third child, and eldest son, is Nicholas J., who married Elverta Thomas in 1899, has two daughters and two sons, and is in the employ of the Government at Granger, Missouri. The fourth child, Joseph W., lives in Oregon and has three children. John S., the fifth, lives in South Dakota and is unmarried, and Grover C, the sixth, is one of the leading lawyers of St. Louis. In November, 1908, at Canton, Missouri, Jarrot J. Sibley married Louise Stewart, daughter of William Stewart, a prominent farmer in that locality.

The only daughter of Judge and Mrs. Sibley is Julia. She was well educated at Quincy Female Seminaiy and St. Mary's Academy. She has been an instructress in music, French and English literature. Judge Sibley was a great lover of books, and during his lifetime gathered about him what is eonceded to be one of the largest private libraries in Quincy, and he also had a fine law library. His private collection contains many interesting works that liave a great value among book collectors, and are rare both from point of age and also in their titles and their publishers. Mrs. Sibley is an active member of St. Peter's Catholic Church. Both she and her daughter are life memliers of the Quincy Historical Society, and Miss Julia is secretary of that organization. Both are also members of the Daughters of the i\merican Revolution and Miss Julia Sibley is a former regent and registrar and corresponding secretary of the local chapter.

John B. Schott. For over sixty years the name Schott has been a distinctive one in Quincy 's progressive commercial affairs. It is especially associated with Quincy 's importance as a center of the manufacture and distribution of leather and saddlery products. The John B. Schott Saddlerj' Company, built up on the nucleus of a pioneer tannery, was subsequently advanced to a front rank among similar firms in the Middle West.

The stimulating factor and head of this business for many years was the late John B. Schott. He was born in Bavaria, Germany, I\Iarch 28, 1833, a son of Philip Anthony and Margaret (Fischer) Schott, both of whom represented some of the most substantial families of old Bavaria, people of education and a high degree of commercial ability and integrity. Mr. Schott was a tanner, and he and his wife spent all their lives in their native town, where they died when past sixty. John B. Schott was one of six sons to grow to manhood, and all of them learned their father's trade. He acquired a liberal education, and in 1852, at the age of nineteen, started for America. He traveled on a sailing vessel and after a number of weeks landed in New York City. He worked at his trade as a tanner and currier at Cincinnati, Ohio, for about four years. It was in response to an advertisement which oifered the rental of a tannery at Quincy that Mr. Schott arrived in this city on the 16th of May, 1856. He made arrangements to take over an old tannery at the corner of Sixth and State streets, and he subsequently married the daughter of the founder of that business. Though he came to Quincy with very little capital, Mr. Schott was a man of much ability in his line, and his energy enabled him to make a success of the business. At first only six or eight men were employed but he pushed the business rapidly and in 1861 bought the property. In 1865 he bought other property at 613-615 Hampshire Street, where he engaged in the general leather business, besides conducting the old tannery. Another addition to the business came in 1875, when he took up the manufacture of horse collars. In 1877 the companj- engaged in the wholesale manufacture of saddlery goods, and at that time employed twenty-five men. In 1879 a building at the corner of Third and Hampshire streets was acquired and that for many years has been the headquarters of the J. B. Sehott Company. In 1889 Mr. Schott erected a five story addition in Hampshire Street, a building that is still known as the Schott Building. The goods manufactured by this firm have been sold in practically every state of the Union and even abroad. From six to eight meu represent the company on the road, and altogether there are about 100 employes.

John B. Schott invested much of the surplus of his business in local real estate and owns some especially valuable property between 14th and 15tli streets on State Street, in which locality he had his home for forty-seven years. After only two days illness he died at his home May 6, 1910, at the age of seventy-seven. He was an independent voter, but his business position alone made him a factor of importance in the city and he was always liberal in his support of worthy causes.

February 17, 1859, Mr. Schott married at Quincy, Miss Adolphina Schleich, and they lived to celebrate their golden wedding anniversary. Mrs. Schott, who is still living, was born near Berlin, Germany, December 9, 1839, daughter of F. Julius and Wilhelmina Schleich, both natives of Prussia. Some of her ancestors were prominent as teachers and preachers in the Lutheran church. Mrs. Schott came to America with her parents on board a sailing vessel between Bremen and Baltimore in 1847. They were six weeks in making the passage, and the family brought with them all their household equipment, including cooking utensils and beds and bedding. From Baltimore the family came on west to Quincy, where Julius Schleich established himself at his trade in a tannery. He had sought a home in the new world to become free from the political and other restrictions that sent so many liberty loving sons of the ' fatherland to this country during the late '40s. Julius Schleich built a tannery at the corner of Sixth and State streets which was the first institution of the kind in Quincy. Troubles assailed him in the management of this business, and he died in 1851, at the age of thirty-nine, leaving the property much involved. The tannery was finally taken over, as already noted, by the late John B. Schott, who made it the nucleus of the business just described. The widow of Julius Schleich survived him a great many years and was ninety-three years old when she passed away May 20, 1903, at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Schott, with whom she had lived for over forty-five years.

The Schott home at 1421 State Street is one of the stately places in the city, and indicates in its atmosphere the substantial qualities of its owners. One special feature of the place are the fine trees growing on the spacious lawn. These trees were set out when small by Mr. and Mrs. Schott, and they now stand as living signals of their earlier lives.

Mr. and Mrs. Schott were the parents of six children, Antonia, Julia, Emma, John F., Adolph and Eobert. Antonia, who lives at 1301 State Street, is the widow of Louis "Wolf, formerly president of the Quincy National Bank and manager of the J. B. Schott Saddlery Company. Julia is the wife of Charles H. Lauter, manager of the Schott Company. They have two children, Carl and Margaret, the former a chemist. Emma died at the old home at the age of forty-five, unmarried. All the sons, John, Adolph and Robert, are connected with the company and business established by their father. All are married, and John has four children, John, Jr., Herbert, Theodore and Frances, while Adolph has one son, Frederick.

John J. Fisher. There are many ways in which a city becomes known to the outside world, through its size, its striking history, its location with respect to the routes of travel, the possession of some distinctive resources or by a special line of products that it sends out to the world. It is probable that the largest number of people who have never lived in Quincy and whose destiny has never led them to a close acquaintance with the community have more associations with the name as suggestive of stove manufacture than in any way. It is of one of the men who have contributed to this fame of the city as a stove manufacturing center that this article has to deal.