Quincy Township (part 12 of 74)

The St. Peter's Evangelical Church, pa.stors ;ind congregation, belong to the German Evangelical Synod of America and now only the German lauguaue is used in the services.

St. Paul'S Evangelical Church

The St. Paul's Evangelical Congregation was organized in April, 1874, by earnest religious people of South Qiiincy. Shortly after the organization they decided to have their own chui'ch projierty, and a house of worship, in which to hold their religious meetings. Three lots for a building site were obtained from ^Ir. Berrian. In a meeting of the congregation it was decided to build a ehiirch, a parsonage, and a school thereon. The work was taken up so cheerfully that the newly organized congregation completed its undertaking in so short a time that their Innise of worship was dedicated that same .vear, September 20, 1874, the church being 40x60, the school house 26x32, and the parsonage 32x36, with an addition 16x26, containing eight rooms.

The congregation elected Rev. P. Munzel as their first minister. On ai-cunnt of poor health he took a trip to (iermany, from whence he never returned.

From 1876 to 1879 the congregation had no miui.ster, but was served by the kindness of Rev. Konrad and other ministers of the city. The Rev. L. G. Nollan was elected in 1879, and in 1885 was called to St. Louis to take charge of a congregation there.

In 1881 the congregation decided to join the Evangelical Synod of North America. The application was accepted and the membership sanctioned. In 1901 Rev. Nobns accepted the call of a congregation in Washington, ilissouri. The St. PauKs Church then elected the Rev. A. Grabowski. Ilis stay was only of a short duration, for after ten months' duty he accepted a call to the Eden College of St. Louis, Mo.

In 1902 the congregation raised over .$1,000 to pay oft' debts, and since then has been paying $300 or $400 annually on the indebtedness. In 1904 an addition to the school was built, which cost -$1,000. This was raised by the Youn.'j- Ladies" and the Ladies" Sewing Circles.

A number of new members have been taken into the church, the member.ship at the present tim.e numbering about eighty families. The Frauen Verein has over one hundred members. the Ladies' Sewing Circle foi-ty-five. and the Young Ladies' Society forty members. The Sunday school has about two hundred children, with twentj'-four teachers in chai'ge. Besides the church the congregation maintains a parochial school, which is attended by about fifty children, and is taught by a competent teacher. The names of the successive teaehei's are : ^Messrs. Wortmann. 1874: Aug. Charle, 1875:

M. Tasche. 1876; Baltmaii. 1879: Chr. Meier, 1883; Schenuieh, 1876; L. B. Kopp, 1897; Sperber, 1903, and H. C. Pehsenfeld, the present teacher. The valuations of the buildings are about .$4,800 for the church. $1,800 for the school. $2,000 for the parsonage and $1,400 for the teacher's house. This does not include the furniture in cliurch or school. In school and church, Knglish and (Jerman are both used.

The Jewish Churcpi

The first church organized by the Jewish people of Quincy was formed December 14, 1856, there being, at that time, twenty-three members, ileetings were held for a time on Hampshire street, between Fifth and Sixth streets. The frame synagogue on Sixth street, between Vermont and Broadway, was built in 1866 and cost, with the lot, $12,700. It was dedicated August 3 bv the Rev. Dr. Vivader, of New York City, jidy 29, 1872, this society united with the congregation of B'nai Shalom.

This congregation, B'nai Shalom, was fii'st organized October 20, 1864, with about twentj-- f)ne members. Some of the prominent men of that time were Isaac Lesem, Maukerine Jackson, iloses Jacobs, Wolf Joseph, Moses Kingsbacker, S. Kingsbacker and M. Berger.

The Rev. ]\Ir. Rauh was the first pastor, and for three years services were held in Fisher's Hall on Fourth street, near the corner of Hampshire. In 1869 the society held services for a time in the Old First Baptist Church. The ladies held a fair in the fall of 1868. by which a considerable amount, to assist in building a new church, was realized. In February. 1869. the lot where the present temple stands on Ninth, between Broadway and Spring streets, was secured and the work on the building was soon afterwards connnenced. On July 30 the corner stone was laid with Masonic ceremonies, the Grand Master of the State, being present. The address was delivered by the Rev. Dr. I. M. Wise of Cincinnati. The building was dedicated September 8. 1870. by the Rev. Dr. M. Fluegel, who was the rabbi at that time.

The temple is of brick and stone, after the Moorish style of architecture. It is seventy feet deep by forty feet wide, and eighty-four feet in height. It is estimated that it cost beween fifteen and sixteen thousand dollars.

The Rev. Isaac Moses succeeded the first rabbi, M. Fluegel. and his successors have been V. Caro and E. Eppstein. the pi-esent rabbi, who has been here since 1890.

souls. The eongregatiiin beldiius to the union of American Hebrew congregations, and the services are conducted strictly in accordance with reform principles.

The United Bketiirkx Church

The First Church of the United Brethren in Christ was organized about sixteen years ago by the following earnest church workers : Rev. j'. W. WilLstead, Rev. J. B. King, Rev. Miss Nettie Moore, Mrs. N. C. Stone. Mrs. Young, H. A. Love and wife, Joshua Bottorf and Avife, Chas. Slocum, H. E. Jleyer and wife, Mrs. Lillie Harner and others.

These people held their first meetings in a little chapel in the east part of the city. This little chapel is either torn down or removed. As the membership in the little church increased they felt the need of a larger and more modern edifice. It was decided to build on the site of their present location. Sixth and Cedar.

The church was completed and dedicated in 1895, and is valued at $-1,700. The first pastor of the United Brethren C'hureh was Rev. H. T. Kline. He was succeeded by the Revs. D. E. Baer, L. I. ]\Iorey, P. Merrithew, J. W. Hunter and Chas. E. Velauder, the present pastor.

The church is entirely out of debt, and is in a flourishing condition, for it has about one hundred members, and is maiinged in such a, way as to keep it in good I'lmniug order.

The organization began with al)out thirtynine members and three probationers that came from the first German M. E. Church. Among the prominent men in the eai-ly history of the church wei'e J. H. Fisher, C. Prante, George Hoefling, Carl Mester, J. L. Schrage, S. Ryniker and Adam Pick.

The church, which is situated on Twelfth and Jefferson streets, when first put up, cost about $3,500. Later an addition, worth $1,500, and a parsonage, costing $1,400, were added. In 1901 improvements were made to the amount of about $1,200, so now the Bethel Church is one of the most modci'ii and beautiful in Quiney.

The first minister was J. 11. Thonuis, and the siicceeding pastoi-s were Revs. Jacob Feisel, Dr. John Schmidt, C. Thalenhort, Philip Nauman, G. Buhner. Wm. Piegenbaum, John Ritler, H. Ross, 11. Schutz, P. Piehler, G. Enzeroth, E. Henke. John C. Rapp, G. Boellner and P. Carwell, the present pastor.

school and has II. Kampe for superintendent and II. Weirather as assistant superintendent. Louis Specht is treasurer ; the class leaders are the Rev. Phil. Nauman, H. Fischer and Louis Specht ; secretary, Oscar Brosi, and the librarian is Walter Ryniker. The trustees of the church are A. Schroeder, E. Prante, H. Bauer, A. Peters, H. Kampe, F. Hoffman, Theo. Specht, Heinrieh Schmidt and Adolph Specht.

Grace M. E. Church

The (Jrace ^1. K. Cliurch. a branch of the ^'ermont St. ;\f. E. Church, is on the northwest corner of Fourth and Innd streets, in the building formerly known as Merrick Plall.

It was formally opened January 1, 1905. It has seventy members and a Sunday school of about one hinidred and twenty-five scholars. Rev. M. D. Tremaine is the pastor of this promising little church and entered upon his duties soon after the organization.

The trustees of this church are j\I. S. Orr, S. J. Dapper, J. L. Straub, W. T. Dwire and F. W. Osborn. The stewards are : S. J. Dapper, W. P. Dellaven, P. S. Beagle, Andrew -Maertz, IMrs. Lillie Jacobs and Mrs. P. S. Beagle ilrs. Lillie Taylor is president of the Ladies' Aid Society. John McGinnis is Sunday school superintendent and Edith Scultz president of p]p\vorth League.

Bethel A. M. E. Church

The Bethel A. M. E. Church, on Oak, between Ninth and Tenth streets, was organized in 1858 by Rev. Henry Brown, Messrs. Carr, Foot, Bei'ryman, Dickson, Rev. Newson and others. It was admitted into the Indiana A. M. E. conference in 1863.

This was the first church organized by the colored people in Quiney and was formed under the name of African ilethodisf Episcopal ( 'liurch.

^Meetings were first held in a small frame building on the corner of Fifth and Jersey .streets, but the society Avas small and not very prosperous. In 1853 the chui'ch was reorganized : soon after the lot where the present church is located, was purchased, and a small, frame building put up at a cost of aboiit $1,000. In 1863, during the pastorate of Rev. Henry

Brown of Springfield, au addition was built, and the society received a large number of new members. A day school was carried on in connection with the work of the church. In 1866 the building was destroyed by fire and services were held for a time in the old First Baptist Church until the completion of their new building.

The present clmrch is valued at .$16,000, and the member,ship numbers about 238. The stewards of the church are: Robert Payne, Charles Anderson, Wm. Haines, Wm. Tate, Albert Smith, James Gillun, George JIoss. The trustees are: J. W. Walker, J. W. I\Ionroe, R. G. Monroe, Wesley Perkins, John IMosby, Samuel Adams and George Webb.

Weyman Chapel

Weyman Chapel, on Ninth, between Cherry and Cedar streets, was organized about twelve years ago as a mission of Bethel A. M. E. Clmrch. It held its first meetings in the old Merrick Hall, now Grace M. E. Church, at the corner of Fourth and Lind streets. The ministers, in their order, are : Revs. Jenkins, Taylor, Thurman, Holmes, Tif¥. Beamon, Edwards, P. C. Cheatham, Grey, Thomas and Speese, the latter being the present inciimbent, 1905.

Eighth And Elm Street Baptist

The Eighth and Elm Street Baptist Church was first formed by the colored people of Quincy in 1865 with fifty-five members. The Rev. Henry Closely was their first minister and services wei'e held in a building on the corner of Maine and Sixth streets, which was also used during the war by the Needle Pickets. This building was aftei-wards removed. In 1866 the congregation bought the little church on the corner of Jersey and Eighth streets for $1,500. This was improved soon after to the amount of $800.

Later, in 1881, the church was removed to the present location. The cost of this building was about .$5,000. and the present membership is about 200.

The Rev. T. L. Smith is the pastor now, and before him, succeeding Henry Mosely, were R. M. Dulin, J. W. Hall, Robinson, Davis, Willard, R. M. Dulin. J. W. Muse. Carter. J. Chavis, T. J. DeClelland, J. W. Washington, F. T. Walker and W. C. Bowman.

Tenth Street Baptist Church

Tenth Street Baptist Church was organized by a pai-t of the members of Eighth and Elm Street Church, because of some difficulties in the church in 1887, and, like the Weyman Mission, held its meetings for some years in ]\Ierrick Hall. The minister, under whom the Eighth Street Church was built, was Rev. Muse. Later James Thomas took charge, and the church was moved to Tenth street, and the name is now formally called Tenth Street Union Baptist Church. After the Rev. Thomas came Revs. J. J. Ijyons, Ed. Wilson, Nichols, E. Green, Thompson, Nichols, Bowman, Ward, Brown and the present minister, Rev. Miller. The church has now a membership of about forty, and a prosperous Sabbath School, having - about fifty pupils.

The Catholic Churches

In giving the history of the Catholic churches of Quincj^ reliance for guidance will be mainly on "The Catholic Church History of Quincy, Illinois."' wi'itten by Rev. Theodore Bruener in 1887, on the occasion of the golden jubilee of St. Boniface Church. This history was published in German and is probably the most painstaking, accurate and complete treatise on any topic of local history ever published.

The first German settler in Quincy was iliehael ilast, an uncle of the well-known brothers, Joseph, Casper and John IMast. He arrived in America in 1816, then went to Mexico and came to Quincy in 1829, where he lived until his death in 1852. As we have seen elsewhere, when Quincy was incorporated in 1834, he became one of the first trustees of the town. He served in the Black Hawk war. It was largely due to IMr. Mast that the stream of German immigration was first directed to Quincy.

Both the English and the (jcrman speaking Catholics of Quincy were from 1833 to 1837 visited periodically by Rev. P. Lefevre, a Belgian priest, who in late years became Bishop of Detroit, Michigan. This missionary had for his field of labor the uorthem part of Missouri, the western part of Illinois and the southern part of Iowa, and as a consequence his visits to Quincy were necessarily infrequent. In a letter dated July 3, 1834. written by him to the Bishop of St. Louis, to which diocese Quincy at that time belonged, he stated that the Catholic population of Quincy was increasing rapidly and that it desired very much to build a church and to have a resident priest, and added that in all western Illinois there was uo mission so inipoi'tant and so promising as the one at Quincy. In a lettei' of October 6th. 1836, he again spoke of Quincy, saying that the Catholic congregation then consisted of from forty to fifty families and that they very much desired to build a church and to have a resident pastor. lie speaks of a ineeting at which five trustees were elected for the rhureli to take subscriptions and to supervise the building. More than half of this congregation, he says, consisted of Germans, and that these desired a priest who could preach in German. Father Lefevre on his visits to Quincy held church services in a carpenter shop, which was located on the east side of Fourth street, between Maine and Jersey, and which belonged to Adam Schmitt. On account of the scarcity of priests it was not until 1837 that the Bishoj) of St. Louis was able to send a priest to the Quincy mission. In .lune of that year Rev. J. I. St. Cyr. who was Uic first priest in Chicago, was api>oin1cd to the Quincy mission by the Bishop of St. Louis. Before he left St. Louis, however, to come to Quincy, a Catholic priest. Rev. A. F. Brickwedde, arrived unexpectedh* directly from (iermany. In consequence of this, the Rev. Bi'ickwedde, who could not speak English, was sent to serve the German Catholics of Quincy, and Kev. St. Cyr was sent to St. Augustine, which was then in Fulton County, and was given charge of the English speaking Catholics of the Quincy mission. It was d\ie to this unforseen incident that the Catholic ehui'ches of Quincy were at the very outset divided into English and German churches. Father Bruenei', in his history, says that as a result of the arrival of Rev. Brickwedde in 1837 and of the establishment of the St. Boniface German Catholic church liy him, that church became the first German Catholic chin*eh on the whole ^lississippi River. The eifect of this was, he says, that the existence of this church acte(l as a strong magnet to attract German immiuration to Quincy. Old German settlers say thai upon lauding at New- Orleans in those early da\s tiiey learned that in Quincy thei'c was a (ici-nian Catholic priest with a (Ternian ('alholic congregation, and that this induced Ihcni to come to this city. To this circumstance Fallici- liruemu- attributes to a great extent the rapid development of the German Catholic element in the city. As we have seen in another part of this history, the German Lutherans built a clnu'ch and had a German-speaking pastoi- in this city as early as 1837. and it is oidy reasonable to suppose that this fact, likewise, had a strong tendency to attract to this city the immigration of these German co-religionists. It is thus seen that in the hi.story of the city the building and establishment of German churches played a very important part, and to a very large extent influenced and shaped the future of the city.

St. Boniface Chi'Rcii

As we have seen, the present St. Boniface Church was the first Catholic chnrch that had a resident priest. Rev. A. F. Brickwedde, who arrived in Quincy in August, 1837. He first held church in the second story of a frame building, which was then located on the northwest corner of Eleventh and Broadway. John Wood had diuiated to the congregation a lot for a clini'ch. This was situated on Seventh sli-ccl. bcU\een York and Kentucky. In 1838 l^'atlicr iW'ickwedde built on an adjoining lot a frame house which served as church and also as his residence and as a school. The part of this building which served as a church was twenty-eight feet long and eighteen feet Avide, and in the rear of it were built two small rooms that served as school and as priest "s residence. The priest was the teacher in the school. This church almost immediately proved too small. As the location was found not to be very desirable, the congregation bought, for the purpose of erecting a new church, the lot im the northwest corner of Seventh and Maine streets, on which the St. Boniface chiu'cli now stands.

Upon this lot a new brick church was erected in the years 1839 and 1810, having a dimension of sixty feet in length by thirty-two in width. As the (ierman immigration to Quitu'V inci'eased, this church also soon proved to lie 1o(i small. As a consequence the present St. Pxiiiiface chnrch, which is one hiuidred feet in length anil sixty-four feet in width, was built in the years 1816 and 1817, The buildiug of this' church was a large one f(u- the financial ability of tfie eongi'egation, esiiecially in view of the gi-eat scarcity of cash money which existed tliriin'..;liont the country at that time. We liiid that the donations made for the construeti f the church consisted for the greater pai-i in donations of days' laboi' and of material, and that the cash contributed only amounted to $1,240. When the clini-cli was finished there remained on it only a deht of ^L.'idO. which demonstrates that the contributions in material and labor must have been \ery large. In fact, the members of the congregation not having cash money practically constructed the church with their own labor and with m;itei'ial furnished by themselves. How well the work was done and how excellent the material <l(iiuited was. is demonstrated by the fact that notwithstanding fifty-seven

The second pastor of St. Boniface church was Rev. Joseph Knenster, who arrived in Qnincy in 1850. He built the steeple of the church and purchased the melodious chime of church bells, which are still in use. He also had a church organ built which at that time was the largest and best organ in any of the surrounding .states and was visited and tested by many niTisicians, and, although reconstructed, it is still in use. In the year 1856 a new school was erected immediately west of the church. Father Kuenster died in Quincy, September 15, 1857, and was buried in St. Boniface cemetery. The next ]>astor.of the church was Rev. John Reis, who. however, was obliged on account of ill-health to resign in 1858. He was succeeded by Rev. Herman Sehaefermeyer, who was especially active in beautifying the interior of the church. Under him the two large mural paintings, one on each side of the altar, were executed. The artist who did this work was William Lamprecht, who at the time was the best painter of church pictures in America. These paintings are real works of art and thei'e is at this time nothing in the city that can compare with them. Father .Sehaefermeyer spent .$20,000 in renovating and embellishing the interior of the church. Under his administration the present St. Boniface cemetery was established in I860. He was a man of much ability and Avas greatly beloved by his congregation. In 1860 he became the vicar general of the diocese. He remained pastor of the chui'ch till 1872, at which time he left for the purpose of joining the Franciscan order. He died Jlay 10, 1887, in the convent of that order in this city. His successor as pastor of the church was Rev. F. A. Ostrop. His administration was especially notable for the purchase of the half block of ground fronting on Hampshire street, between Seventh and Eighth streets, and the erection of the splendid new school buildings on the same. The ground cost $65,000 in 1873. The school cost .$51,275. The congregation in the meantime had increased so that it then embraced about six hundred families, and the number of children attending the school was four hundred and sixty. The school was finished in 1876. The next pastor of the church was Rev. John Jaussen, who served from September 1, 1877, to December 31, 1879. He was the vicar geneial of the diocese and a man of considerable ability. He is now the Bishop of the diocese at Belleville. 111. His successor was the Rev. Theodore Bruener. on whose historical work concerning the Catholic churches in

Quincy we have drawn liberally as already stated. Father Bruener was a man of very great ability and immediately prior to the call to Quincy had been president of a Catholic Normal school at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He administered the affairs of the congregation with great success from December, 1879, until Xovend)er, 1887, when he resigned for the ptirpose of joining the Franciscan order. He died as a member of that order in San Francisco, California, a number of years ago. He was followed by Rev. IMichael Weis, the present pastor, imder whom the ehiirch has been strengthened and develojted in every direction. He built the fine new parsonage now in use. St. Boniface is the mother church of all the Catholic churches in Quincy. As the German Catholic population increased, St. Francis congregation in the eastern part of the city. St. Mary's church in the southern part of the city and St. John's church in the northwestern part of the city, grew out of St. Boniface congregation. At the present time the congregation of St. Boniface numbers aboixt four hundred families and one thou.sand four hundred members. It conducts its own church school, which has three hundred and fifty pupils and seven teachers.

St. Peter'S Church

As we have seen. Rev. J. I. St. Cyr was appointed to have charge of the English speaking Catholics of the Quincy mission in 1837, but did not come here to reside, going instead to St. Augustine, from which place he visited Quincy periodically. His health soon failed, however, and on that account he was transferred to Kaskaskia. He was succeeded by Rev. Hilarius Tucker, who came directly to Quincy and resided here. This was in the year 1839, at which time accordingly the English speaking Catholics for the first time had a pastor who made his residence in Quincy. The Northern Cross railroad was built in 1838 and 1839. This enterprise brought a large number of Irish Catholics who were employed in the work to Quincy, and hence the congregation received a large increase in a short time. A 'Sir. Widney, who was a member of the church, donated the lot on the southwest corner of Eighth and Maine streets, on which the church stands. On account of the building of the Northern Cross railroad, in which many of the niendsers were employed, it became possible for Father Tucker to at once begin the building of a new brick church in 1839. For this purpose, before beginning, he had collected .$2,000. Before the church was completed, however, the Northern Cross railroad became bankrupt and all work on that enterprise was tempo- rarily abandoned. A.s ;i re.sult of this, many of the Irish Catholic men who had been engaged in the construction of that railroad left the city, and the congregation dwindled down to very small dimensions. In 1838 Father Brickwedde states, in an account that he sent to the Bishop, that there were about fifty English speaking Catholics in Quincy. Consequently, when the new arrivals who had been brought here by the building of the railroad, left, the English speaking church again 1)ecanie numerically very weak. ]\Iany of those who had subscribed toward the building could not pay by reason of losing their work. The result was that the new church was sold. Arrangements were made, however, under which the congregation remained in possession of the same, and as the membership gradually increased, the church Avas repurchased by the congregation. Father Tucker stayed here till November, 1846. From this point he supplied many neighboring places, such as Versailles, Mt. Sterling, Pittsfield and Gilead. lie was succeeded by Rev. F. Derwin, who remained until December, 1848. Rev. Derwin was followed by Rev. Patrick T. McElhearn. who stayed until October. 1852. Father ifcElliearn was followed by Rev. James Dempsey. who remained pastor of the church until Octoljer. 1857, and was succeeded by Rev. McElhearn. wlio stayed until January, 1862. Rev. M. ^McLoughlin served from January, 1862, until October of that year. The next pastor of the church was Rev. Peter I\Ic- Girr. He came to Quincy in the fall of 1862, and at once began the ener'getic and successful management of the affairs of the congregation, which he continued until his death. During his lengthy pastoi'ate Father McGirr strengthened and developed the church in every direction. At the very outset he .started a pai'ish school. For this purpose he rented the house on the southeast corner of Ninth and Maine streets, where he began the school. He immediately began the erectioTi of a temporary fi'ame school building back of the church in 1863; the following ycai- ho built the brick school building, which is still in use. In 1866 he purchased a parsonaiii' for $4,000, immediately west of the cliniTJi. It was situated on part of the lot now (iccupicd by the present fine parsonage. With tireless energy he prepared for the building of a new, large and beautiful church. This was built in the vear 1868-69 at a cost of .$70,000. It is the present St. Peter's Roman Catliolic church. This church is one hundred and fifty feet long, sixty-five feet Avide and has a steeple two hundred and twelve feet in height, and is an imposing, massive building that promises to stand for ages to come. Tlie new church was opened

January 1, 1870, and at that time more than two-thirds of the cost had been raised. In 1870 Father McGirr purchased the present St. Peter's cemetery, located on east Broadway. In 1875 he bought for the new church a large oi-gan, costing $2,500, and in 1887 he had the interior of the church thoroughly renovated and decorated. Father McGirr also built the fine new parsonage, which is at present used by the pastor. His long and successful pastorate of St. Peter's church was only terminated by liis death, which occurred in Quincy, on" March 10, 1893. Father McGirr was followed by Rev. John P. Kerr, the present pastor of the church, who arrived in Quincy May 16, 1893, and has since that time successfully administered the affairs of the congregation. By him three fine new altars were erected and the interior of the chnri'h has been in many ways greatly beautified. The chni-ch is now lighted by electricity. The congregation at present consists of 170 families and 750 members. The school has 125 pupils and two teachers.

St. P'Rancis Church

St. Francis congregation was established in the year 1859 by the Fathers of the Order of St. Francis. Rev. Herman Schaefermeyer, who was then pastor of St. Boniface church, found that his congregation was becoming too large and as he Avas a great admirer of the Franciscan Order, it was through his efforts that the fathers of that order were induced to come to Quincy to take charge of the neAV German congregation, which was located in the noi'theastern part of the city. On December 2, 1859, Rev. Servatius Altmicks and Brother Honorions Dopp. members of that order, came to Quincy to start the new congregation. At first they resided Avith Father Schaefermeyer. As it Avas intended that a ncAV high school should be established by the order, the building situated on the southeast corner of Eighth and jMaine streets Avas at first leased for that pui'- pose and the school Avas begun in the month of December, 1859. In the spring of the folloAving year the new church, Avhich Avas located on the north side of Vine street, betAveen 18th and 20th streets, was begun, and by December of the same year it Avas completed. During the same summer a convent Avas built adjoining the ueAV chui'ch. Father Servatitis Altmicks Avas the first pastor. He Avas folJoAved, Octo- 1ier 20, 1862, by Rca'. Ferdinandus Bergemeyer. In the A'ear 1864 a school Avas built adjoining the convent. On March 10, 1870. Rev. P. Nazarius Kommerscheid Avas appointed as the successor of ReA^ Bergemeyer. On September 4th of the same A'ear the corner stone for a new college, to be under the eliarsi'e of the Fathers of the order, was laid. This also adjoined the church. The growth of the congregation was hindered materially by the fact that the land covered by the present Alstyne's addition to the city was for many years out of the market, which made it impossible for any one to purchase lots in the districts lying north of Broadway betw^een Twelfth and Eighteenth streets, which was known as the "Prairie" and was maintained as an open common. After this land was subdivided and offered for sale, the congregation grew rapidly. This made it necessary to build a new church. As a consequence, the large substantial new church now situated on the northeast corner of 18th and Vine streets was begun in the year 188-t and completed in the year 1886. It is 182 feet long, the Jiave of the church is 70 feet wide, and the transept is 120 feet wide. The chui'ch i.s built in the pure Gothic style, and its interior decorations are verj- fine. The building itself cost $62,000. which price seems incredibly .small for the magnificent structiire. This is probably accounted for in part by the fact that the plans for the structure were made by Brother Adrianus "Wewer. a member of the order, who also was superintendent of construction. Brother Adrianus is oue of the very best church architects in the country, and to him are due the plans under which St. Mary's church in this city, and the St. Francis College were built. Adjoining this new church the Order of St. Francis built a new convent. Rev. Xazarius Konnuerscheid remained pastor of the congregation until his death, which took place in October, 1883. His successor was Rev. Andrew Butzkueben. As will be seen, it was under his administration that the new church and the new convent were built. Father Andrew also built the large three-story new school building, which is situated on the southeast corner of 16th and Vine streets. The old school, church and convent were torn down and on the place occupied by them the large addition to St. Francis Solanus College was built, which trebled the capacity of that college. Father Andrew still remains the beloved pastor of the church. The congregation at this time is composed of 550 families and has a membership of 2.000. The school has seven teachers and 525 pupils.

St. ilary's congregation was established in the year 1867. when a lot was bought on the northeast corner of Seventh and Adams streets for the purpose of erecting the new church. The corner stone was laid June 7. 1867, and the buildiui:' was completed by December.

Father F. Reinhart. who at that time was the assistant prie.st at St. Boniface, had charge of the congregation at the time the new church was constructed. He made all the preliminary collections and supervised the building, and it had been the intention that he should become the first pastor of the church. His health, however, failed, and for that reason he was unable to assume the charge. In December, 1867, Rev. Theodore Bruener, to whom we have repeatedly referred above, came to America direct from Germany and joined the diocese of Alton in which Quincy is located. The bishop sent him to Quincy to assume the pastorate of the new church. Althoiigh the building itself was complete and under roof, none of the interior work had been done at that time. As wages during that period were veiy high, the building had been very expensive. Interest rates were correspondingly high, and the indebtedness of $20,000. which then still rested on the congregation, was a serious bui'den. Father Bruener, however, with characteristic energy, entered upon the new duties he had assumed, and his efforts were soon crowned with success. In the year 1868 he built a twostory brick school, which is still in use. In the following year he remodeled the entire interior of the church iu the pure Gothic style and had the same decoi-ated in a most artistic manner. Two new side altars were added in 1872. and in 1874 a very beautiful main altar was constructed. As a result of all these changes the interior of the church became probably the most bea^itiful of any church in Quincy. During the time that all of these improvements Avere made Father Bruener materially reduced the debt of the congregation. To the gi-eat regret of the congregation, Father Bruener received a call to become the president of the Catholic Normal school of St. Francis, Milwaukee county, Wisconsin, which was of such a character that he felt it to be his duty to accept the same. He left Quincy in the spring of 1875 and did not return till December 31, 1879. at which time, as we have seen. he. by the command of the bishop, assumed charge of St. Boniface. His successor as pastor of St. Mary's was Rev. G. Mirbaeh. During his pastorate a new church steeple was added to the church and a chime of bells l)laced therein. He also built the neat parsonage of the congregation, which is still in use. It was finished on June 24. 1884. and cost .$4,783. On February 3, 1891, the splendid St. Mary's church, which had been built up and beautified, as we have seen, in the course of many years, was completely destroyed by fire. The congregation, however, did not lose courage, but immediatelv set about building a new ehiireh, which avjis i-imi|)lcte(l in the toUowini;' summer at a cost of al)i)iit $40,000. It also was of brick. A new or^aii has been added at a cost of .$2,500. The new church remains, as the old one was, a structure of great interior beauty. Father Jlii'liach remained pastor of the church until his dcatli, which occurred in Quiucy, April -2. ISI).'). His successor was Rev. Joseph Locher, who administered to the congregation until his death, December 10, lli()-t. He was followed liy Rev. .loNopli JIaurer, the present pastor of the church. The congregation now has iTid I'aiiiilics and a membership of 900. The school has 2r.() pupils and live teachers.

The congregation of St. -John's church was established in the year 1880. In that year Rev. Joseph Still, who had come from (iermany shortly before that time, was called to Quincy to assume charuc of the new congregation. The tirst building erected was a brick school and church, the school rooms being in the fir.st story, and the church in the second .story. It is situated (ui the cast side of Tenth street between Cedar and Spi-uce. The congregation has nourished from the very beginning. On the 1st of January. 1881, it com|)rised 190 families, and had ;> debt of only .$3,000. In that year the comnioilious parsonage, still in use. was built. The first clmrch soon proved to be too small to accomniodatc the constantly increasing congregation. As it, however, was evident that St. .lolin's was destined to l)ec<nne one of the stroimi'sl (Ici'man congregations in the city, it was deemed dcsii-able that the new church to be built should in size and beauty be commensurate with the future demands. Father Still is extrenud\- I'onsei-vative and was not willing to begin the con.structicm of such a church as the situaticni rc(|uired until he had on hand substantially all of the money necessary for the building, Tliis delayed the beginning of the new sti'uctnre. The coi'iuM' stone was laid in ISII."). ;ind the new clinn-h was dedicated Fi>hrnary 14, 181)9. The clini'di is built in the pni-e Koniaii style, entirely of stone. It is 17(1 fei'l hum, and 7(i feet wide, and is one of the most imposing structures in the city. It was iihinned by P"'ather Still himself, and is estimated to have cost about $75,000. It has a Itiic niai-lile altar, and it is the intention soon to I'rcscoc the intei'ior of the church. While ihf church was building thei-e was also built a three-st<n'y lu'ick ad<lition to the former comliined scho<il and church, the whole being used now as a school and as a residence for the sisters who have charge of the same. All this great work has been done under tlie pastiu'ate of Father Still, who still renuiins in charge of the church. He is now ably assisted by the yoimg and energetic assistant pastor. Rev. A. J. Stengel. The congregation comprises 350 families and has a memhership of 1,:20(). The school is attended by "2(111 pnpils, who are taught by seven teachers.

St. Hosk Of Lima Church

In the year ISDii the congregation of St. Peter's church was divided, the northern portion of the city being formed into the new St. Rose of l>inia congregation. Rev. John P. Brennan, who for several years prior to that time had been the able assistant pastor of St. Peter's, was a])pointed the first ])astor of tlunew chui'ch. He at once set aljout raising the necessary funds, and in the same year completed the present building, situated on the mu'thwest corner of Eighth and Cherry streets, which is used as a church and school. This building is a handsome brick structure, the first floor of which is divided into school rooms, and the whole of the second story being used as a church. Its cost was about $11,000. About 1897 Father Brennan erected a new jiarsonage immediately north of the church, which is oiu^ of the handsomest parsonages in th(> city. This cost between $7,0(.X) and ,$8,000. The congi-egation has expended in the erecti<in an<l furnishing of buildings ami the purchasing of griMituI about $25,000. It is now practically out of debt, for it owes only $700. This is a reuuirkable financial record for a congregation having the su.uill numerical strength this one has. There now belong to the congregation eighty families and it comprises 450 members. St. Rose's school has 100 pupils and two teachi-rs. Father Brennan is still the pastor of the church.

At the ainuial meeting of the Illinois Bankers' Association, held in Quiucy, October 29-30, l!l()l, ,Mr. Lorenzo Bull of this city delivered an atldress descriptive of the early banking methods of this state, from which valuable historical resume the following excerpts are taken : largely of this pioneer class. It was t'ouiided without money, wholly on the credit of the state. It was authorized to issue bank notes bearing' two per cent annual interest and payable by the state in ten years. The legislature elected all the directors and officers. These were largely chosen from the members of the legislature and all of them were professional politicians. The bank was required by law to lend its bills to the jieople to the amount of $100 on personal security, and larger sums upon the security of mortgages. The bills were receivable in payment of all State and County taxes, all costs and fees and salaries. If any judgment creditor refused to endorse upon his execution his willingness to receive such bank notes in payment of his debt, the debtor could stay its collection for three years. The members of this legislature firmly believed that the notes of this bank would remain at par with gold and silver and would buy anything which was for sale. * * *

"About .$300,000 of the paper of this bank was issued and was soon loaned without much attention to secui'ity or care for future payment. It was soon at a di.seount of twentyfive, fifty, then seventy-five per cent : but it continued to circulate until it had driven all good money out of the state, and until the finances of the state government were involved in such confusion and loss that the legislature was compelled to take the matter in hand and borrow money and settle up the affairs of the bank upon the best terms they could get.

"When I came to Illinois in 1833 there was no bank in the state, and no bank paper in circulation except a few of the notes of the Fnited States Bank, which is still in existence, although its charter had been vetoed by President Jackson, and it was then winding up its affairs. There was very little money of any kind in the counti'V, and what there was con- .sisted mainly of foreign silver coins. * * * "During the Black Hawk war there was no development in Illinois, and population did not increase. The war closed in 1832, and from that period Illinois began to develop rapidly. Progress was impeded during the next year by the prevalence of Asiatic cholera throughout the West, especially following the lines of the great rivers. Quincy suffered severely fi'om its ravages, and out of a population of about three hundred, when I came here, thirty-three or more than one in every ten, died in about a month.

"It was in Jlay, 1833, that I came to Quincy and I have made this my home ever .since. In 1834 poiHilation was pouring into the state from many directions, and substantial prosperity, as well as speculation in lands and town lots was rapidly developing. Indeed, a wild spirit of speculation was abroad throughout the whole United States, which finally culminated as to the whole country in the great panic of 1837, which brought ruin in its train to multitudes. It was during this period of pi-osperity, which commenced in 1834, that the legislature entered upon the project of establishing a new State bank in Illinois, and of reviving some old bank charters. * * *

"But the establishment of these banks under most unfavorable conditions was not the crowning piece of folly of the Illinois legislature of that period. Illinois was then almost wholly undeveloped. There were no cities, and but few large towns; no trade, no manufacture, and there was only a very sparse population. There was nothing to export, no large business of any kind, and yet under these conditions the legislature of Illinois undertook to establish the most extravagant system of internal improvement that has ever been undertaken under like conditions anywhere in the world. At one sweep the legislature provided for the building of railroads from Galena to the mouth of the Ohio ; from Alton to Shawneetown ; from Alton to JIt. Carmel ; from Alton to the eastern boundai-y of the state in the direction of Terre Haute ; from Quincy on the ^Mississippi, through Springfield, to the Wabash : from Bloomington to Pekin. and from Peoria to Warsaw ; including in the whole about 1,300 miles of road. It also provided for the improvement of the navigation of the Kaskaskia, Illinois, Wabash and Rock Rivers. And besides this, in order to secure the votes of the members from counties for which no railroad had been provided, $200,000 was appropriated to .such counties to be expended for wagon roads and bridges. * * * The work progressed under a system of infatuation which can now hardly be explained and accounted for, until in 1838 the whole system utterly collapsed without any completed railroad, if we except the poorly built piece from Springfield to the Illinois River, and with the State fourteen million dollars in debt, nearly all of which had been wasted.

"Then it was that the financial credit of the State of Illinois sank to the very lowest point of dishonor and disgrace. Its bonds could not be sold for fifteen cents on the dollar, and its auditors' warrants on the State treasury issued in payment of salaries and state expenses, were freely offered at fifty cents on the dollar, and at the same time almost universal individual bankruptcy prevailed. All emigration to the State was stopped, and all settlers were anxious to sell out and leave the State for fear of the excessive taxation expected to follow if

"During a considerable period after the collapse of the internal improvement system the repudiation of the whole State debt was strongly urged in many intluential quarters. By many it was deemed so large that it was impossible to pay it, but intelligent and honest influences finally prevailed, and legislation was determined upon to acknowledge, reduce and finally pay the debt, and from, and even before, the time when the provision for levying a two-mill tax to be applied to the payment of all indebtedness was incorporated in the State Constitution of 18-48, the credit and prosperity of Illinois have steadily advanced until it occupies its present place of entire freedom from debt and the highest financial credit.

"After this, until 1851, there were no l)anks established by law in Illinois. Then what was known as the Free Banking system was adopted, luider which one huiulred and ten banks were established. *' " * Although this system had many weal^ points, it was far in advance of what had gone before it ; yet none of the bankers who passed through that period would like to see such banking revived at the present da.v. ""

Quinc'Y'S Banking Record

The earliest banking institution of C-^uincy was a branch of the State Bank of Illinois, established in 1836. with J. T. Holmes as president, E. J. Phillii)s, cashier, and, successivel.v, John M. Holmes, C. B. Church and J. K. Wel)- .ster. It suspended specie payments in ]\Iay, 1837, but contiinied to do business until 1842, when, with the failure of the parent bank, in 1842, it went into liquidation in 1843.

As far back as 1845. Messrs. L. & C. II. Bull, then hardware merchants, bought and sold Exchange, made loans and transacted, in the counting room of their mercantile establishment, all the banking business which was transacted in Quincy. A year or two later, upon the organization of the banking firm of Flagg & Savage, the.v gladly transferred to them the banking department, finding that the other branches of their business were increasing so rapidly as to require all their time and attention. The firm of Flagg & Savage commenced bu.siness in 1850 : later, Mr. I. 0. Woodruff was admitted a special partner. They failed in 1857.

In 1852, Moore, Hollowbush & Co. commenced business. Thev failed in 1857. Afterwards they were succeeded by Moore. Sherman & Co. (Ebenezer & F. C. Moore and S. C. Sherman). Their business was discontinued about the time of the failure of Flagg & Savage.

In 1856 Governor Matteson, his son-in-law, John McGinnis and Maitland Boone opened a private bank in the old (Quincy House. This bank suspended business in 1860.

In 1857 the (iJuincy Savings & Insurance Co. (afterwards the Quincy Savings Bank) was incorporated. In August, 1878, it made a general assignment to Charles W. Keyes, assignee.

In 1861 L. & C. H. Bull sold out their mercantile ])usiness and continued the name of the old firm in entering upon the banking business, exclusively as private bankers. In 1864 they discontinued their business as private bankers and organized under the provisions of the National Banking Ijaw, The ]\Ierchants' & Farmers" NatioiuU Bank of Quincy, with a paid up capital of !);150,000. The directors were Lorenzo B\dl, Charles H. Bull, 0. H. Browning, N. Bushnell, E. J. Parker. In 1869 the firm of L. & C. H. Bull opened a Savings Department, the growth of which was very rapid. Finding that the limitations of the National Banking Law were unsuited to the business which they as private bankers had established, they wound up the National Bank in 1872, transacting their business as L. & C. II. Bull, private bankers. In 1874 they discontinued their Commercial Department, which was taken up by E. J. Parker & Co. E. J. Parker & Co. continued successfully in bvisiness nntil May. 1879, when their business was consolidated with that of L. & C. H. Bull, and E. J. Parker was admitted to the firm. Illinois having passed a good banking law. the firm organized under the state banking law. transferring their business to a State Bank, under the name of State Savings, Loan & Trust Coml)any. wliirh was incorporated in 1891, with a casli capital of $300,000. The directors were: Lorenzo Bull. Charles H. Bull, E. J. Parker, :JIrs. E. G. Parker and Mrs. Fanny B. Dutcher. The capital of the State Savings Loan & Ti'ust Coniiianv is now $500,000, deposits $4,- 540.000, undivided profits $121,000. Following are the present officers and dii-ectors: W. S. Warfield, President: Cluirles H. Bull, Vice-President: S. B. M(uitgomery. Vice- President: Edward J. Parker, Cashier: Edwin A. Clarke. Assistant Cashiei': Thomas Burrows, Assistant Cashier: W. P. I'pham. C, II. (Castle, Rudolph Tenk, R. AV. (iardner, J. W. Emerv.

The Kicker N;itional Bank was fouiuled by the late Henry F. Joseph TJicker, who was born in Lotten, Hanover. (Jennany. August 31, 1822. and died in Quiney, Illinois, ]\Iarch 4, 1904. About 1859-60. when immigration was at its height, ilr. Rieker began selling steamship passage tickets, involving domestic and foreign exchange transactions. The funds entrusted to him wei'e carried in a market basket to and from his office and residence, the former being then near Seventh and Hampshire streets. The business continuing to grow and jirosper. Mr. Rieker removed it to his 508 Hampshire street building. In 1864, Mr. Kicker bought the banking business known as John Wood's Bank, which he removed to his 508 Hampshire street building, the lower story of which he remodeled. By 1875 the business had reached such growth that Mr. Rieker bought the ground and built the present modern bank building on Hampshire street between Fourth and Fifth, the home of the bank since 1876. The institution was a private bank until 1881. in which year. April 4th. is was changed to a national bank, the name being The Kicker National Bank of Quiney. Illinois. The latest statement of the bank shows deposits aggregating $4,400,000 : cash capital, .$400,000, and\surphis $200,000. The present officers and directors are as follows: Edward Sohm, President: George Fischer, Vice-President : H. F. J. Rieker, Jr., Cashier: Bernard Awerkamp, Assistant Cashier: ^lartin F. Surmeyer, Jackson R. Pearce, J. H. Teuk. John S. Cruttenden, George Fischer, J. H. VandenBoom.

The First National Bank was organized in 1863. Owing to the robbery of the bank in 1874 and losses incurred at various times, it was compelled to make two assessments ecpial to its capital stock. In August, 1878, it suspended business for several weeks, resuming business September 19, 1878. In 1898 the business of the Fir.st National Bank was consolidated with that of the State Savings Loan & Trust Co.

Juliiis Kespohl. Louis Wolf and G. G. Arends. The bank was incorporated the same year. The present capital stock of the bank is $100,- UOO, and the surplus .$20,000. The present officers are: Louis Wolf, President: Simon Duker. Vice-President: J. M. Winters, Cashier; G. G. Arends, A.ssistant Cashier. The directors consist of the officers and Messrs. Wm. T. Duker, John A. Duker and J. F. Tellebuesher.

The State Street Bank, located at Eighth and State streets, was founded in 1890 by Herman Heidbreder, Wm. H. Govert, Wm. 11. Collins and Charles Becker. It is a private bank. The present owners are Herman Heidbreder, Wm. H. Govert and H. C. Sprick. Mr. Heidbreder is cashier, and Jlr. Sprick assistant ca.shier. The capital is $150,000, and the deposits about $1,300,000.

The strength of Quiney banks in modern times was well illustrated during the general panic of 1893. While banks in many parts of the country were failing and others were badly shaken, the safety of Quiney banks remained imquestioned. It is said "that one of the principal reasons for such strength lies in the fact that so much of our manufacturing business is done with the manufacturers' own capital. While this is probably true, the strength that has been shown by the banks in modern times is but in keeping with the financial and commercial stability and strength of Quiney generally.

At Historical Anniversary

ilention is made elsewhere in this work of the celebration IMay 1, 1903, under the auspices of the Historical "Society of Quiney, in honor of the sc.'venty-eighth vear of Quiney 's existence, the founding date being May 1, 1825. Of the addresses delivered on the occasion of that anniversary banquet two were exceptionally notable for the valuable pioneer reminiscences therein. One of these addresses was by Mr. Lorenzo Bull, the other by Col. Chamicey H. Castle. Following is the address delivered by Mr. Bull:

I observe that it has been announced by the newspapers that I would speak to you to-night on "Per.sonal Recollections of Quiney and the Early Settlers as I Knew Them in 1833." Although I did not suggest this title, yet I can accept it as covering the ground I intend to occupy.

It is not my intention to bring before you the important historical events relating to the early history of Quiney, or to give you the biographies of its early settlers; but if I can talk to you for a little while in a familiar and rambling way of some of the peo])le who were up on the ground here and some of the incidents which have occurred under my notice, and with which I was more or less associated at an early period of my life and at an early period in the history of Quiney, and so aiford you amusement or entertaiinnent, I shall be satisfied even if you regard iiiucli that I say as unimportant or even trivial.

Quiney began its existence as a town or as a location foi- a town, 78 years ago on this first day of May and John Wood, Willard Keyes and Jeremiah Rose are said to have been the first settlers, and so they were in a proper sense, and yet it does not seem to be known or recollected that neither John Wood nor Jeremiah Rose ever lived within the limits of the original town of Quiney. Willard Keyes did live for a time in a cabin he built at the southeast corner of Vermont and Front streets, but at the time I came to Quiney, he was living on the half section of land lying north of Broadway and extending from Twelfth street to the river, containing 320 acres, which he bought for about eleven dollars at a sale for taxes held at Vandalia, Illinois. Under this tax title he took possession of the half section, fenced it with a rail fence, and built a house for himself at the large spring near the foot of Spring street, which spring gave the name to that street. Mr. Keyes' house was built up over this sprin-g, which bubbled up through the cellar or lower story of the house and ran freely over the surface to the bay. It noAv i-uns underground and has been forgotten by most citizens not in the immediate vicinity.

John Wood built his first cabin on the quartersection south of the original town at the corner of Delaware and Front streets, which was afterwards embraced in one of John Wood's additions to Quiney. Ma.ior Rose with his wife and daughter lived with Gov. Wood in this cabin for some time, until he bought a quarter-section fronting ea.st on Twelfth street, inunediately south of the Soldiers' Home tract and built his house at what is now the corner of Twelfth and Chestnut sti-eets, where he lived when I first saw him.

On my arrival in Quiney on the 11th day of I\Tay, 1833, I found myself entirely out of money, my traveling expenses having consumed all the money with which I left home and a little more, so that it was quite necessary that I should find work immediately. With this view, on the second day after my arrival, I went with the Rev. Asa Turner, who had married my cousin and in whose company I had come to Quiney, out to Ma.j.

Rose's home to apply for a situation as a farmhand. The ma.jor looked me over pretty carefully and saw that I was a slender boy, and after asking a few questions and learning that I was city raised, had never been on a farm and never ploughed a furrow, he was not long in deciding that he did not need a boy at that time. This is as near as I ever came to becoming a farmer, and T have never regretted ^Maj. Rose's decision.

When John Wood removed from his first log cabin at the foot of Delaware street, it was to a second log cabin w^hich he built near the corner of State and Twelfth streets, right in front of where the large house he last built now stands. Later he built a frame house with colunnis in front on the ground where the large house now stands, and when he built the large stone hovise, he moved the house with the columns across Twelfth street, where it now stands. So you will see that Mr. Keyes was the only one of these first settlers who ever lived in the original town of Quiney.

The John Wood whom I am thinking of as I am talking to you, is not the grave, dignified old gentleman whose statute stands in the public square, but a very energetic, active young man about 30 yeai's old, always on the move and who seemed to be everywhere, all over the town, all over his large fai-m, driving and pushing everything and everybody abovit him, through his own natural force and activity; always i-eady to lead and direct in any active work and to do his part in any undertaking in which he was engaged. He had a loud, strong voice and a very hearty laugh, and was generally known by these whenever he came in town. I once inquired of a man, "Have you seen John Wood in town this morning?" "Xo," he said. "I have not seen him, bi;t he mast be in town, for I heard him whisper." He came here without any means, and yet within less than ten years he managed to purchase all that large body of land extending from the river to Twentyfourth street, and from half a mile to more than a mile in width. ITncJoubtedly he bought most of it for even less than the government price of -1*1.25 per acre, but it was his energy and foresight which led hiiii to secure these valuable tracts, which ])laced him as a land ownei- far beyond any other citizen of that date.

At the time T came here, he had laid out his first addition to Quiney, extending on the bluff from a line between Kentucky and York streets to State street and from Sixth street on the east to the river including also some blocks on the river south of State street. Although he offered the lots at very low prices, he had sold but few of them, as there had been no influx of population to create a demand for them. He offered to sell me a full lot on the north side of Franklin Square for .$25, payable five dollars a year for five years: but I was earning but $6 per month and did not dare assume at that time so large a debt, neither did I like to give my poverty as a reason for not accepting his really generous offer. So I said to him : "Supposing you should die in five years." to which he promptly replied in his joking way, "Why, boy, I don't intend to die in five years." A few days later he sold the lot to Dr. Richard EelLs for a new saddle, which the governor needed at the time, and which Dr. Eells bought of Levi B. Allen, the first saddler in Quincy. I doubt if he paid Allen as much as $25 for the saddle, ilr. Wood was not rich in money at that time.

He was alwaj^s temperate himself and an advocate of temperance. Wlien he built his large barn which stood on the south side of State street opposite his dwelling house and which for some yeara was the largest barn in the country, as the framing approached completion his head carpenter told him that the frame would be ready to raise within a few days, but, he added, "You can never get that frame up without whiskey. ' ' Then said Mr. Wood promptly, "It will never go up." But I have heard him say that when the time came for the raising, he invited everybody in the neighborhood and the.y all came. He provided as good a dinner as could be got up, with plenty of hot coffee, and they had a jolly day and a successful raising and everybody went home satisfied and sober.

I recall a little incident of the early period after his settlement in Quincy which he used to recount with amusement and satisfaction. He said that one day soon after he had built his cabin at the foot of Delaware .street and at a time when they rarely saw Avhite people, there being few settlers and few travelers, there came along the bottom road from Atlas, a company of United States soldiers who camped just below his cabin, about where the paper mill now stands. After they had established their camp and had their supper, the captain came iip to his cabin and said he wanted to hire a guide to Fort Edwards. Mr. Wood in telling it said, "Now I knew that he no more needed a guide to Fort Edwards than he did to get back to his camp : but I wanted the frolic of a day's march with the soldiers and more than that I wanted the little money I was to get for the job, so I agreed to go with him a,s guide at sunrise the next morning. We had a jolly day and I enjoyed the march very much : along in the afternoon the captain asked me, 'Wood, how far are we from Fort Edwards?' to which I replied. ' I don "t know. I never was there in my life. ' The captain began to complain that I should have undertaken to guide him to a place where I had never been. But I said 'Don't be impatient, captain. I'll find Fort Edwards for you.' and a little later we came in sight of the fort, a log building which stood on a bluff adjacent to where

I recall these little incidents a.s characteristic of the man and the times, but I do not intend to dwell upon the personal history of John Wood, ^lany of you knew Jolm Wood as well as I did, and know how thoroughly he was identified with every step of the progress of this city and how much he did to promote it, how he became town trustee, alderman, mayor, state senator and finally governor, filling all these positions with credit to himself and with unswerving fidelity to the interests of the people who trusted and honored him.

The two associates of Mr. Wood in the early settlement of Quincy were men of excellent character, but they had not the activity or energy or foresight of Mr. Wood, and did not exert the influence nor did they improve their opportiuiities as he did to secure such large tracts of land while it was cheap.

The day after my return from my unsuccessful application for work on Maj. Rose's farm. I was introduced to Judge Henry H. Snow, who at that time held almost all the county offices. He was clerk of the circuit court, clerk of the county court, recorder, judge of probate, notary public, and besides these offices he taught singing school, and led the music in the Congregational Church with a bass viol. But with all these offices, liis income had been limited and scarcely sufficient for his support ; but about this time the business began to increase, particularly in the recorder's office and he felt the need of some assistance. He questioned me as to my competency and found that I could write a fair school boy's hand with some facility, that I could spell correctly, and that I wanted work. He offered to take me into his office and give me emplo\inent and pay me at the rate of $6 per month and my board, which offer I very gladly accepted. I remained with him about two j^ears and a half, receiving $10 per month after the first year. The judge was perhaps the most competent man in the community for holding and faithfully discharging the duties of his various offices. He wrote a very plain, legiblt' hand, but he could only write slowly and laboriously, and that part of his duties was quite irksome to him. He soon learned to avail himself of my more rapid penmanship, and whei'e I did not understand the legal forms, he would dictate to me. He was usually careless in his dress and would \\-A\k the office by the hour without his coat, his vest open, his shoes untied, and taking snuff, which he usually carried loose in his vest pockets. There were times during the session of the circuit court when it was necessary in order to keep up the records from day to day, that he walked the office and I wrote at his dictation during the whole night : but as a rule the work of the

My experience in his office has been of great service to me through life. It gave me some superficial knowledge of the principals and practice of law and a familiarity with legal forms. It made me acquainted with the judges and other officials of the county and also gave me a wide acquaintance with the people of the town and country.

The business of the office increased rapidly after 183-4. As the offices grew valuable they were made elective, and there began to be a scramble for them, and one by one the judge lost them until he had no further need for my services.

^niile I was deliberating what emplojauent I should find, I received an offer from the mercantile firm of Holmes, Brown & Co. of a clerkship in their business, which I accepted and remained with that firm and its successors for about ten years, when my brother and myself formed a partnership and entered into business for ourselves. This partnership continued for about fifty years and has not yet been formally dissolved. When I came here, the public buildings consisted of the old log courthouse which stood on the corner where the Dodd building now stands, and the jail which stood on the rear of the adjoining lot on the north. The courthoiise was two stories high and of the simplest possible construction. The floors and benches were made of puncheons and there was very little sawed lumber in it except the jitdge's desk and the clerk's table. The other furniture consisted of a few split-bottom chairs for the officers and lawyers. The second story was sometimes occupied as a lawj-er's office, sometimes for public exhibitions, of which there were very few, and finally as a carpenter's shop. It was an occasion for rejoicing when it was biirned in 1836. The people gathered and watched the fire with great interest with no attempt to extinguish it. Wlien the roof fell in and the fire seemed to be getting low, one of the ci'owd, Alvin T. Smith, said, "Boys, if we don't help this thing along, it will go out. Come with me." A number followed him and soon came back with pike poles, which were then iised for the raising of buildings, and with these they pushed off the logs from the top one by one into the fire, making a log heap which burned until there was nothing but ashes left.

The jail was a wonderfully inconvenient and insecure building. It stood but a short distance from a travelled road and the prisoners could call and talk with any passer-by. I was passing along the road one day and a prisoner called to me. I went to him in answer to his call and found what he had to say. I asked him what lie was in for. He said, ' ' Didn 't you hear ? " " No, I did not," I said. "Well," said he, "I will tell you. I stole a sawmill up here on Bear Creek and got away with it all right, but like a dui-n fool I went back for the dam and they caught me." When there were prisoners confined there for any serious crime, a special guard was appointed. Any enterprising prisoner could have got out of it in a night even with very simple tools and these could have been easily furnished him by any friend from the outside.

In 1833 there were two hotels on the iniblic square, one standing where the Newcomb now stands, owned and kept by Rufus Brown, and one on the north side of the square, known as the Land Office Hotel. Besides these, there were sometimes one and sometimes two hotels on the I'iver front between Hampshire and Vermont streets. One of these hotels, now a wreck, is still standing two or three doors north from Tlanipshire street. But with Brown's Hotel, or BroM'n's Tavern, as it was more frequently called, I am better acquainted as I boarded there at times after I left Judge Snow's employ. There was nothing to recommend either of these hotels, except that they afforded shelter and sustenance such as it was to the traveller and the citizen who found it convenient or necessary to avail himself of their accommodations. One traveller who ]iassed the night at Brown's Tavern, just befoi-e he left in the morning was observed to be writing at some length upon the register, and after he had gone it was found that he had written there in bold characters: "He that stops here may do well ; but he that carries his own bread and butter and keeps on, does a durn sight better."

I recall an incident which befell a Mendon farmer who came to market with his hogs and stayed over night at Brown's Tavern. The store in A\hich I was then employed stood on the south side of the square next west of the present Gas Company's office. One morning I was opening the store when the IMendon gentleman came along, evidently under some excitement, and shuflling his feet in an endeavor to keep his shoes on. I said to him, ' ' What is the matter, squire ? ' ' "Look at that," he said, holding up one foot, "and look at that," holding up the other. I looked and saw that the upper part of his shoes were gone and that he was having much difficulty to walk. "What did that, squire," I asked. "Rats," said he, "hotel rats. I heard them at wcivk all night, but I never thought they were eating \\p my slioes. Why don't Brown feed his rats ? It wouldn 't cost him miich if he didn 't feed them any better than he does his boarders. ' ' He was soon fitted with a pair of shoes, and went liack to the hotel for breakfast in a more comfortable frame of mind.

no markets, there \\-ere no gardeners, there were no milkmen, and althoiigh a good cow could be bought for from eight to ten dollars and eould be pastured free, there were many times when there was no milk for the coffee of the guests at the hotel. On one occasion when I was boarding there, one of the other boarders, as he left the dining I'oom after supper, said: "Boys, look out, we are going to have some milk in our coffee to-morrow morning. ' ' But the morning came and we had as usual coffee without milk, but aboiit the time we finished breakfast, this man put his head in the door and called out to the landlord, "I've got her. Bring me a bucket," and when we went out upon the front porch, we found he had a cow and brought her in and had her fastened with a trace chain to one of the posts of the porch, and was getting the milk he wanted for his coft'ee. After that we usually had milk.

But it should be stated here that none of the hotels commanded all the best class of boarders. As many people as could be accommodated boarded at a private boarding house, which furnished a table nuich superior to that of either of the hotels. It was kept by the widow Sallie "Wlieat. She was not related to any of the Wlieats who came here a few years later and who still live among us. She lived in a double log cabin which stood on the corner of the square on the ground now occupied by the Quincy National bank. She was the best female perfonner on a tin horn that I ever heard. Every day precisely at 12 o'clock, she came to hei" front door with her tin horn nearly as long as herself and discoursed up(m it excellent mu.sic to call her boarders to dinner, and this was the noon mark of the town at the time, as the steam whistles are now. She afterwards removed to the river from near the foot of Broadway, and mo.st of her boarders followed her there and climbed up and down the bluff for their meals rather than change to the hotels.

I am reminded of a trivial incident which occurred about this time. We had residing here a young man with a great fund of wit. drollery, mimicry and stories, by name John ilartin Holmes. He had many attractive personal and social qualities and he was very fond of a hai-mless practical .joke. He boarded at the Widow AVheat's as did also a young ilr. Walsh, who was a clerk for ^Ir. ^McFaddon. ^vho then kept a store in a small frame building on the north side of the piiblic square. At the time I am speaking of I had not made the aeciuaintance of either Mr. Holmes or Mr. Walsh, who had but recently come here. One hot summer afternoon as I was writing alone in Judge Snow's otifiee. these two young men appeared at the door and inquired if Judge Snow was in. I said that he was in the house, and they asked to see him immediately. I went at once to call him as their business appeai'ed to be urgent, and he came in promptly from his afternoon nap, without stopping to put on his coat or to tie his brogans. I noticed a very blank expression of his face when he saw who was there, but he said nothing. Holmes broke the silence with. "Judge Snow. I want to introduce to you my friend ilr. Walsh. I broi^ght him around here to you to get his legs sworn in to keep the peace. They nearly ran him into the river going down to the Widow Wheat 's to dinner to-day. ' ' The .judge made no -word of reply, but taking a pinch of snuft" he turned ai'ound and went back to finish his nap. Holmes turned to Walsh and said : " If we can 't get our business done here, we will have to try some other office, ' ' and went away. Wlien I next met the judge, he said to me, "Lorenzo, when Mr. Holmes comes here again, you need not call me." This was a very unnecessary caution after I became acquainted with ]\Ir. Holmes.

The first charivai'i that I ever heard or saw occurred under the direction of this 3Ir. Holmes, and it was one of the most notable that ever took place in Quincy. Charivaris were eonunon in those days in case of the remarriage of a widow or and in case there was any great disparity of age or other peculiar circumstances. In this ease, a shoemaker by the name of Henry Wood, a man about fifty years old, was married to a young girl under lawful age. He applied to Judge Snow for a license, but was refused by him, as the judge knew the girl's age. Plis resort was to take her to ^Missouri where no license was required, and where 'Squire iMerrill, who lived aboiit six miles west of the river, married those who eould not be legally married under the laws of Illinois. So one morning Wood borrowed a horse and buggy and crossing on a flat-boat which was then run as a ferry by Ebenezer Harkness, went over to 'Squire Merrill's to be married. In the meantime. Holmes was organizing his party for the charivari to be given in the evening. About the time Wood was expected to return to this side of the river and must of necessity come up Vermont street, which was the only passable road ixp the bluff' at that end of the toi^Ti, Holmes gathered a few of his ])arty together and rolled a large stump in the middle of the road .so that Wood could not pass with his buggy. He was obliged to get out. tie his horse, take his wife up to the house- and get help to i-emove the stump before he could get up with the horse and buggy. This was the first tribulation which had come to him in his married life. He lived on ]\Iaine street in a log cal)in which stood on what was then the high bluff between Second and Third streets. Maine street not being graded at that time. I\leautime Holmes had fully oi-ganized and equipped his party for the charivari. He was clerk for I\Ir. Robert Tillson and he had emptied his store of tin horns and cowbells, of which he carried a good stock. lie liad taken the tavern bell down from the roof of lirown's Tavern, and the bell was carried on the shoulders of two men while he walked liehind with a string to the tongue and when the procession started, he rang it inee.ssantly. It happened that I was attending a meeting in the Congregational church on Fourth street that evening.

"When the procession started for Wood's house from Brown 's Tavern with a great noise of voices and instruments, it broke up the meeting in the church and everybody ran out to learn the cause of the alarm. Wlien the company got to Wood's house, they sunnnoned him to appear and he came out when he found that he must, barefoot and somewhat scantily clad. It was a cool November night and Wood soon began to shiver, but he was kept standing there while a long and very serious admonition was given to him on the enormity of his conduct in marrying a girl so much younger than himself, and after discoursing about the matter in all its phases until even those who were comfortably dressed were pretty well chilled, they told him that they had reached the conclusion that his ofil'ense deserved pv;nishment and that they were going to take him down to the public .square and switch him home with blackberry switches. "()h, jilease don't do that,'' he said, "I'll do anything that's honorable, only don't do that. I'll give you an order on Jake Gruell 's for all the liquor you want, ' ' and begged piteously to be released. After they had sufficiently en.joyed his unhappiness, they took his oi'der on Jake Gruell, the only saloon keeper in the town, assuring him tliat if Jake Gruell didn't honor his order they would soon return. They finished up the evening at Gruell's.

Brown's hotel was pulled down in 1837, and on its site the Quincy House was built. This was in all respects a tirst-class hotel. Indeed, there was no city in the West of the size of Quinc.A' that could boa.st of so complete and well kept a hotel as that -svas for years under the management of Mr. and Mrs. William ilonroe There was at that time no hotel in St. Louis which was as comfortable and pleasant and afforded so attractive a home to travellers and residents as did the Quincy House of that period. Mrs. Monroe was a pattern landlady and personally looked after the comfort of the guests, especially of the ladies. Her parlors were the social headquarters of the town, and every evening were filled with a lively company of young and middle aged persons, over which she and her three handsome daughters presided in a graceful way which made every body feel at home. It was my good fortune to be a boarder at this hotel for several years during its most prosperoi;s period and to enjoy its excellent fare and social privileges.

About the year 1841 or '43 a company of young men of whom I was one, formed a Thespian society, which afforded considerable entertainment not only to those who took part in the jila.ys which were presented upon its stage, but also to those in attendance i;pon the performances, and I refer to it here not so much on account of the society itself, but because the corajiany included in its membership a man who afterwards became distinguished as an officer in the United States ai'my, where he achieved considerable distinction while he was in command of the soldiers stationed on the Pacific coast at a time when the boundary questions between Great Britain and this country seemed likely to involve the two countries in serioiis dispute if not in actual war. Later, when the War of the Rebellion broke out, being a native of Virginia, he joined the Confederate forces and achieved great distinction as a commanding general, and was one of the principal southern leaders in the great ])attle at Gettysburg, and who was known at that period as General George E. Pickett. George Pickett, then a boy, was a member of our Thespian club, and as we had no young ladies in our company, he and Lloyd Milner, another young, handsome, smooth-faced boy, were relied upon to perform the female characters in the plays, and they were most sueces.sful in their parts. Mrs. McFaddon, senior, in recent years would frequently talk to me of the times when she used to dress George Pickett and Lloyd Milner in ladies' apparel for their ])arts in the performances of the Thes])ian clul). Pickett's residence in Quincy at that time came about in this way. He was very desirous to entering West Point from his native state, but in Virginia at that time there were so many applicants that he could not secure an appointment, and he came here to gain a residence in Illinois, from which state there were but few applications, and where he hoped to secui'e his appointment to West Point. He had an luicle residing here, Mr. Andrew Johnson, a very jirominent lawyer in this state at that period, and under his guidance and direction, he pursued his studies until he had gained a residence. c(ini|)lctcd his preparations and got his appoiiitiiiciil to West Point, from which school he graduated with credit to himself and became distinguished both in the United States army and later in the Confederate army, as I have shown. The fact that Gen. Pickett resided in Quincy has not been generally known here or remembered.

In this connection, I cannot well forbear some further reference to Mr. Andrew Johnson, to whom I have just alluded as the uncle of Gen. Pick'ctt. lie was for some years a practicing lawyer in this state and was associated with the Hon. Archibald Williams, another distinguished lawver, and this firm ranked with the best law- yers in the state. I consider my association with Mr. Johnson as one of the happiest incidents of my life. He was a man highly educated not only in the law, but in all departments of literature. He was about ten years older than myself and in all my intercourse with him, which was very intimate and confidential, he treated me more as a younger brother than as a mere friend. His advice and suggestions to me as to my reading and study and as to the conduct of my life were of the greatest service to me at a period when I greatly needed the .sugge.stions and advice of an older friend of larger experience than myself. I .shall never cease to be grateful to him for the kindness shown me at a time when I was just coming into manhood.

You are familiar witli Leonard Springs, but not many in these days can recall the nuin who gave his name to that beautiful locality. Capt. Luther Ijeonard was an ofificer in the United States army during the War of 1812. He was here before I came, and lived in a house standing on the west side of the bottom road near what is now known as Homan's Falls. He owned quite a large body of superior land partly in the bottom and partly on the bluff. How he came posses.sed of this land, I do not know. He built a flouring mill on the site whei'e the foundation of a mill still stands, which mill was driven bj' water from Leonard's Springs. He had a family of two daughters living with him. He was a man of fine appearance and somewhat strikingmilitary carriage. He was hospitable at his home and somewhat inclined to be convivial in his habits. When he came to town, as he did frequently, it was usually upon horseback, and as he always rode a fine horse with militaiy equipments, he presented a most notable figure which would attract attention anywhere. He usually stopped at Brown's Tavern when he came to town, which was then Icept by ilr. Root, and though he complained much of the fare, he could find no better accommodations in Quincy for himself and horse. On one occasion he was surprised by an unusually good dinner. As he took his seat at the dining table. Mr. Root, who usually did the carving at a side table, called out to him, "Capt. Leonard, .shall I send you a piece of the turkey ?" ' ' Turkey, did you say turkey, Mr. Root ? " " Yes, sir," said Jlr, Root, "what part shall I send you?" "Oh, never mind about the part. Mr. Root, send me a big piece anywhere."

Capt. Leonard was not a good business manager. His army life had not given him business experience and his affaii-s fell into more or less disorder and he was obliged to part, with his land piece after piece, until he had little or no property of any sort left, and in his later life might have lacked the means of support, had he not received an appointment from the government as keeper of the L'uited States arsenal at Watertown, near Boston, JIassachusetts. Here he had a comfortable home until he died some time I think in the 50 's.

One of the con.spicuous and eccentric characters of the early days here was old ilike Dodd. He was a farmer living seven or eight miles in the country, a man of some excellent qualities, a shrewd observer, an emotional man subject to religious excitement especially in campmeeting time, but withal, a slave to whiskey. When he came to town he always rode a large horse, which he called Boleaway, an intelligent animal who .seemed to be careful of the old man especially when he had drunk too much and fallen off, as he fref|uently did. He was sometimes very noisy, but he never did any other harm so far as I know. The Rev. Jlr. Turner made an effoi-t to reform him. He met him one day soon after he had arrived in town in the forenoon and before he had drunk nuich if any, invited him to go home with him to dinner. Dodd accepted the invitation and went with him. Mr. Turner did not open the subject of temperance until after dinner, when he commenced a kindly, serious talk with liim, endeavoring to induce him to forego the use of whiskey and to change his habits of life altogether. He listened to Mr. Turner attentively and patiently for .some time, until during a slight pause in the conversation, he drew from his pocket a pint bottle of whiskey, saying to Mr. Turner, ' ' Parson, talking is pretty dry work. Suppose you take something." Mr. Turner made no further effort to reform him.

ITpon one occasion Air. Archibald Williams, who was then a candidate for the legislature, made a political speech which was literall}^ a stump speech, for it was made from a stiunp which stood in front of the old log court house. Mr. Williams was not a very handsome man, and his large mouth was a noticeable feature. He was an impressive speaker and his arguments upon this occasion commanded the closest attention of his listener.s. When he had finished and stepi)ed down from the stump, old ^Mike Dodd, who had been lying on the gra.ss in the outside circle, raised himself up and called out at the top of his voice, "Archie, Archie, I want to borrow your mouth next spring to eat lettuce with."

I went into the old log court house one morning to take there for Judge Snow's use the record l)ooks and other papers required for the day, and when I had dejjosited them upon the clerk's table, T observed three men sitting by the fire-place before an o])en fire and I went over and joined them. They were .ludge Richard M. Young, then judge of this circuit, a farmer named Weaver Potter, who was the largest man in the county, and old ]Mike Dodd. Mike Dodd was talking as

I came up and saying to the judge: "Judge, I reckon that we three fellows are about the biggest fellows in our way in this county." "How do you make that out, Mr. Dodd?" inquired the judge. "Well," said he, "You are the biggest judge, for there ain't nary other, and Potter's the biggest man, and if you don't believe it, you can weigh him, and Mike Dodd's the biggest fool."

I live in that part of the city known as Nevin 's addition to Quincy. The original piece of ground now covered by that addition contained 120 acres, bounded by Twelfth street, Broadway, Eighteenth street and what was then kno^\^l as New Jersey street. Wlien I came here, this was Robert Tillson's farm. About three-quarters of it was originally prairie land, and about onequarter of it lying along Twelfth street was heavily timltered. A few of the original trees still remain, one tree standing upon my ground is an original forest tree, and several upon the McFaddon place are original trees, and thei'e are perhaps t^^-o or three of the old trees standing wpoTi the public school ground near Twelfth street.

Mr. John Tillson, Sr., a brother of Mr. Robert Tillsou, the owner of this property, holding intimate relations with the New York & Illinois Laud Co., a New York organization formed for the purpose of dealing in Illinois lands, or acting for his brother, Robert, sold to that company this 120 acres for .$30,000. This was at a time when speculation was rife and when great anticipations were indulged in as to the future of Quincy, but this was a most extravagant price for the times ; instead of advancing in value it declined in price, and the land company was never able to sell it at near the price w'hicli they paid for it. Sometime about the year 1850, the New York company, having sold most of their lands through the state, were about to dissolve their organization : but they had this, their most valuable tract, upon their hands and could not dispose of it in bulk, so they dealt with it in this way. They had a surveyor draw a plat of it in New York, dividing it into lots of two acres each as nearly as possible, and opening only two streets through it, Maine and Hampshire. Vermont street and the cross streets were opened later by the city authority. They then put the niTmbers on the lots in a hat and distributed them by lot to the individual stockholders of the company, and then wound up the corporation. The individiial stockholders to whom the lots fell desired to sell them at once and placed them in the hands of different land agents here for sale upon the best terms which could be obtained. The lots were large and desirable and as a rule were offered at very reasonable ])rices and soon found purchasers.

I have thought it might interest you to know how Nevin 's addition came to be subdivided and sold in such large lots. Some of the lots along Twelfth street and Broadway were sub-divided by the purchasers and sold in smaller lots.

Upon searching, I find in the "History of Adams County," published in 1879, much concerning it, and from which I quote largely; and there is to be found a great deal more upon the subject that is veiy interesting.

By act of the legislature of the state of Illinois, appi'oved January 13, 1825, the county of Adams Vtus formed by taking a part each out of Pike and Pulton counties. By the same act, commissioners were appointed to "locate the seat of justice for the future accommodation and convenience of the people. ' '