Quincy Township (part 19 of 74)

Amos Green

Amos Green, deceased, was one of the notable fi.o-nres in the history of Quincy, so controlling his bnsines.s interests as to contribute in large measiu-e to the substantial development of the city and co-operating so earnestly and eifectively in its public movements for the general good that for years yet to come the city will enjoy the benefit of his efforts. There was in him a strong individuality, a weight of character, a far-sighted discernment that made him a, natural loader of men and one who wielded a wide influence and yet had never sought the power that comes through political preferment, content to do his duty to the public as a private citizen. It was, however, the character of the man that so endeared him to his friends. Wliile the extent and success of his business operations made him one of the central tigures in the financial historv of Quincy. it was his i-eliability that won him the uni|nalified confidence of those with whom he had dealings, his consideration for others that gained him respect and confidence, his kind, charitable spirit ajid ready sympathy that brought him admiration and love.

The life record of Amos Green eovei'ed eightysix years. He was born in Wriglitsville, York county, Pennsylvania, December 10, 1815, a son cf George and Elizabeth (Elliott) Green, who were also natives of the Keystone state, having been born iu Chester county. The father was of English descent, the founder of the family in America being Robert Green, who emigrated from England at the outbreak of the Revolutionary war and had some share in tlie imposing history of that period. The family home of George Green was upon the bank of the Susquehanna, and there Amos Green spent th(^ da>-s of his boyhood and youth, receiving a limited education, such as was afforded by the public institutions of learning at that time. When he had put aside his text-books he learned the carpenter's trade and thus became ([ualified to enter the business world as an artisan.

l\lr. Green moved to Mississippi, but came in contact with the worst side of slavery, which made liim antagonistic to that peculiar institution of the south, and, after staying a short time in that state, he left for the north.

Attracted by the opportunities of the west, where competition was not so great, but where there was promise of continuous growth and of business development, he came to Quincy, arriving in this city in 1836, M'hen a young man of twenty-one >'ears. The following year his par ents came to the west, settling on a farm near Payson, and the father prospered in his agricultural pursuits there. He continued to make his home upon the farm until the death of his wife, when he came to Quincy to live with his son Amos aud died in this city in 1872, at the ad- ^'anced age of eighty-six years. In the family were nine children, of whom Amos Green \s'as the eldest.

On his ari-ival in Quincy Jlr. Green turned his attention to carpentering for several years. His laudable ambition, however, led him into larger UTidertakings, and in l!i41, with the capital he liad acquired through his earnest effort and economy, he purchased a hardwood saAXTiiill near the foot of Spring street on the site later occupied by tlie freight depot of the Chicago, Burlinffton & Quuicy Railroad Company. This new undertakirig not proving verv desirable, he found an opportunity to make a change, and, after three years, established himself with his brother-in-law, James 1\1. Pittnuui. iu a lumberyard at the southeast corner of Fifth and Vermont streets. They remained co-partners for several years and then dissolved, Mr. Green starting another lumberyard on his own account at the southwest corner of Fifth and Broadway and later on moving to the llorth^^-est corner of Maine and Sixth streets. For more than twenty years he was actively and suecessfnlly identified with the lumber interests of the state, at one time operating quite extensively in Chicago.

V man of resourceful business ability, as opportunity afforded he extended his eft'orts into other lines, ind many enterprises that have proved of direc* commercial and financial benefit to Quincy have been fostered or promoted through his labor-s iW'i. co-operatio!a. His name, too, became closely associated with railroad building in the middle west. Ill lSr)2 he entered into a partnei'ship with AVilliam Shannahan and Samuel Holmes for the construction of the Iron JMountain Railroad, now one of the ' -ading lines entering St. Louis from the southwest. This venture proved profitable and w(ir: for ^Ir. Green a place among the forenicst busines" men of the Mississippi valley. Following the close of the Civil war there arose a (lisiMission concerning the feasibility of building a railroad from Quincy west to the Missouri river, aci'l ^Ir. Green became deeply interested in this enterprise. It was called the Quincy, Missouri Pacific Railroad, and the work of construction was soon begun, but was abandoned before the line had been completed to its original destination ; in fact, for a number of years the history of tlie road was that of adversity. There were many changes in the ownership and at one time the line was the property of Jay Gould. However, it reverted to the original O'WTiers and be- came known as the Quincy, Omaha & Kansas City Railway. Mr. Green continued with the road much of the time, putting fortli every effort possible to place it upon a reliable tinaucial basis and iiiriiself sinking forty thousand dollars in the em er prise, as did a number of his associates. Ill 188fc), however, he became the vice president and general manager of the road, and, after it had again come into possession of the original owners, he remained as the active head of the road until it was purcha.sed by the (Jilman syndicate about 1893. At that time ]Mr. Green retired to pi-ivate life, giving his attention only to tlie supervision of his invested interests. lie had keen discernment in business affairs, and the unfailing energy which he manifested when a carpenter's apprentice continued with him through life, being one of the basic elements in his success. It is true that one of his railroad enterprises did not prove profitable, bixt his other business ventures netted him a handsome return, Uiaking him one of the wealthy men of Quincy. I;i an aeeouni of his death which a|)peared in one of the local papers was the following statement :

"In The Journal of Friday, September 18, 1900, in the wi'iteup of the business men's excursion over the O. K. line, the following paragraph appeared :

" 'A touching feature of this tour along the O. K. line were the many kind incpiiries made for Ainos Green. How the peoj^le along the road love that dear old man ! To-day they would carry him aroiind in their arms, if he would go over there. After all. Amos Green is the heroic figure in the history of that railway line. He really is the father of that road. How he spent his money for it ! How he planned for it ! IIow he worked for it ! How he struggled foi- it ! Into that road Amos Green put his very life. Through every vicissitude he stuck to it : he faced every storm that struck it. and hung on. All honor to the old hero I Little he knows about the store of love that exi.sts for him along the line of the old Quincy, Missouri & Pacific' ''

In early manhood - in the year 1841 - Amos Green was imited in marriage to Elizabeth Mc- Dade. a daughter of John McDade, a native of Kentucky, who removed from that state to Quincy. Six children were born of this marriage, of whom three are living : George, who married IMargaret Thompson and is engaged in the lumber business in Chicago : Mrs. Mary P. Kelsey, who resides in Denver. Colorado, and has one son, Charles Burtis. living in Chicago ; and Emma, the wife of E. A. Allen, of Chicago, by whom she has one son. Amos Green. In April, 1859. ^Ir. Green was called upon to mourn the loss of his first wife, and several years later he was joined in wedlock to Susan F. Riddle, who was one of the first white children born in Adams county, her father being Ebenezer Riddle, who came from Kentucky to this county in 1829 and settli.'d in the village of ilendon. It was on the 15ih of January. 1901, that ilrs. Susan Green pass.'.} away. They had one daughter, Mrs. Ella a. ^I'.Us. viho resides in Quincy, and has two ehiidi-eu, Agnes and Kenneth Loekwood. She now occupies her father's old home, a large and beautiful residence at No. 505 North Eighth street. This was one of the first residences of Quincy and was built by i\Ir. Green in what was then the middle of a cornfield, he having to cut away the corn in order to have space on which to erecL the house.

Mr. Green passc-v', awaj- on the 27th of October, 1901. He was called one of Quincy 's "best loved citizens," for his personality had endeared him to the hearts of all with whom he came in contact. His life record covered a long period and was mai-ked by the utmost usefulness and honor. In his later years, although he retired from business cares, he did not lo.se his deep interest in IHiblic affairs and kept thoroughly informed concerning the affairs of the city and country. He had an infectious smile and kindly greeting for all and we.s one of those people who shed around them muchof the sunshine of life. One who was louf IV.miHar w^itli his history and Avho knew him well said of him: "He was a person of imposing appearance and was a striking figure in any group. He stood over six feet in height and in his i)ri)ne was a broad-shouldered giant. In his later days his facial resemblance to William Ewart Gladstone, the grand old commoner of PJngland, was striking. But, though large of frame, ilr. Green was tender and kindly in natnre and would gladly temper justice with mercy. In every sense in v\hich the term may be used he was a splendid citi>.en - a clean-spirited, greathearted, honest American."

Samuel Farlow, living on section 27, Camp Point township, is one of the pi-ominent business men of Adams county, successfully carrying on farming and stock-raising interests. He is the owner of very valuable tracts of land, while three hundred acres are comprised within his home place, which is a valuable and well improved farm, adjoining the corporate limits of Camp Point. Mv. Farlow, moreover, is numbered among the pioneer residents of Adams county, for he has made his home within its borders since 1843. He is a native of North

Carolina, liis hirth liaving occurred in Randolph county, April IS, 1836. His father, AVilliani Farlow, was also a native of that county and was there reared to manhood. After arriving at years of maturity he married Verlinda Walker, also a native of North Carolina, and in 18-t-3 he came with his family to Illinois, settling' on the farm now owned and occupied by his son Samuel. He was the owner of four hundred and eighty acres of land and reared his family on the (lid homestead, becoming one of the leading and enterprising agriculturists of his community. Ih' spent his last days here and died suddenly in 1S')X. His widow, long surviving him, died in September, 19U2, at the venerable age of eighty-eight years.

Samuel Farlow belongs to a family of six sous and four daughters. While a young lad of seven lu^ was hi-nught to Adams county and reared to manhnod on the old family homestead, and in the cdmiiion schools acquired his education. Reading and ob.servatiou have also broadened his knowledge and he has gained much valuable information iu this way since attaining his majority. He worked on the farm until after he had reached mature age and was then engaged in the liote! and livery business for seven years. < »ii the cxiiiratinn of that period he located on a rarni Udrlli of Camp Point, C(mtimiing ils rultivaticm fur several years and also engaging in raising, leeding and shipping cattle and hogs. In ISCi; lie took up his abode upon the old homestead and liere erected a large, neat two-story frame I'csiilcnce. He has further improved the place and it is n )v, a valualile farm, attractive in its a|i|ieai"niee. Air. Fai-low was engaged in the purk-packing business at Quincy. eontiiniing in that line for twenty-five years. At the same time he superintended the "farm and carried (in the stock business. Being a man of much energy, determination and business foree, .Mi-. Farlow started out with a farm of about two hundred and forty aci-es and as his tinancial resources iiici-eased he extendetl the boundaries of his place until he now has three hundred acres in the old homestead and altogether his hnuh.'d interests amount to nearly eight hundred acres. This is vei'v valuable hnid, making him one of the substantial citizens ol' Adams county.

Mr. Farlow was married in Ohio, in 1858, to Miss Rebecca Van Gilder, a native of that state. There were ionr children born of this union but two died in infancy. The living are : Mrs. Hezekiah Henry, who is assistant cashier of the People's Bank of Camp Point; and J. Addie, the wife of Jerome Christie of Quincy. Mr. Farlow was married again in Camp Point township, in 1864, his second union being with Mrs. Jerusha Smith, a native of Indiana, who was reared and educated in jMissouri. There are three children by this union : Fred, who is married and resides upon a farm in Camp Point township ; Katie, a yoimg lady at home, and Walter W. of Chicago.

Politically .Mr. Fai'low has been a lifi^-hmg rt'iiubiican. lie cast his first presitleiitial ballot for Abraham Lincoln, in 186tX and has voted for each nominee at the head of the ticket since that time. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian church and he belongs to the Jlasonic fraternity, being the oldest living member of the lodge at Camp Point. He is well known in (Quincy, and largely throughout the state, as a successful business man and stock' dealei'. He has a yovy wide acquaintance in Adams county, where he has nuide his home for sixty-two yeai's, and is familiar with the histoiw of this part of the state from the time of its early pioneer develoi)ment to the present.

Iiiraai Bliven

llii-am Hliven, farmer and threslii'i-. who for forty-four years has engaged in the operation of threshing machines in Adams county, resides on section 20, Burton township, and upon this fai-m he was born February 26, 1843, his parents being Samnel C and Mabel jM. (Wheeler) Bliven, both natives of Renssalear county. New York, born in 180!t. The family name is of English origin. On leaving the Empire state the father removed to Pennsylvania, where his three oldest children, Mary J." McVey, Albert and William II., wei'e born, and in the '30s he came to Adams county. Illinois. His son William, who enlisted in the Seventy-eight Illinois Infantry, was killed in the battle of Chickamauga. Albert was a member of the One Hundred and Eighteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry and was wounded in a skirmish but recovered and is now living north of Barry, Pike county, Illinois. Jefferson was a member of the Eighty-fourth Illinois Infantry and died during the war at Louisville, Kentucky, his remains being brought Inick to Adams county for interment. The other members of the family tire: Rachel, who married John W. Eppley and died in 1875, while her husband is also deceased ; Matilda, wife of John J. Gray, a jeweler of Chicago; Hiram; Charles T., who was left a farm by his father but sold out ; Alice, wife of George Abel, a retired farmer living in Quincy; Esther, wife of William EUermyer, a farmer near Newton, Adams county.

He also be-raii threshing and is to-day the oldest representative of the business in Adams county in years of continuous connection therewith, for he has been threshing for forty-four years. The first machine which he used was an Alton and he has had successively a Rice & Swartz. Nichols & Shepherd, Buffalo Pitts, Sweepstake, Minnesota and Belleville. He is now the owner of one hundred and twelve and a half acres of land, worth seventy-five dollars per acre.

ilr. Bliven was married, in 1862. to 'Shuy H. Sehwabel. a native of Quiney. Her father was born in Germany and came to Illinois about 1834, settling in Belleville, where he was married, meeting his wife while worlving on a farm in that neighborhood. IMr. and ]\Irs. Bliven have become the parents of twelve children, of whom ten are living, Annie, the first, having died in infancy, while the second died unnamed. The surviving sons and daughters are : William F., who mar ried Anna Hagenbaum and lives in Quiney, is a carpenter and stone-mason, now acting as foreman in Worst Stove store : Esther is the wife of Herman Zeh, a stone-mason of Riverside; Effie is the wife of Edward Zeh, a farmer living with her father; Samuel G. is a liveryman of Denver, Colorado; George A., married Annie Rowsey, of Newtown ; Hiram and Arthur a.ssist in the operation of the home farm ; and Eleanora, Mary M. and Milo G. are at home.

Mr. Bliven is a republican in his political views and has served as road commissioner. His wife belongs to the Lutheran church. He has in his posse.ssion a madstone which came from the JMiami river in Ohio, and has been in the family for seventy-five years, people coming from all over the United States to have it applied. In his business atfairs ]\Ir. Bliven has been quite successful and he has a wide accpiaintauce in the county by reason of the work he has done as a thresher. He has made good use of his time and opportunities and is now in eomfortabli" financial circumstances.

George Baughman, decea.sed, wa-s the pioneer carpenter of the city of Quiney and contributed in so large a measure to the substantial improvement and upbuilding of the city that no hi.story of Adams county would be complete without mention of his career. He settled here in March, 1838, and in the field of his chosen occupation did much for early progress here, erecting many of the first buildings. He was born in Baltimore county, ^Maryland, in 1813, in the house in which Ids father's birth had occurred. His mother was also a native of Baltimore county. The parents were farming people in Maryland throughout their entire lives and George Baughman was there reared iipon the home farm. The educational advantages which he received were sucli as were afforded by the common schools of that locality and when only a> boy he went to the city of Baltimore to learn the carpenter's trade, serving his regular apprenticeship. Having mastered the business, he afterward worked as a .journeJ^nan for some time.

Following his marriage ilr. Baughman removed to Quiney, where he began working as a carpenter. He assisted in building the old Quiney House, one of the fir.st hotels of this city, and later entered into partnership with ilr. Littlefield, with whom he erected many of the substantial early buildings here. Subsequently their basiness i-elations were discontinued and in 1860 Mr. Baughman formed a partnership with Mr. Hauworth. with whom he was connected for several years. He then received an appointment to act as superintendent of the construction of the new courthouse of Adams county and to this work directed his energy. He continued a representative of the builder's art in Quiney until in his later years he retired from active business life, enjoying a well earned rest until he was called to his final home on the 12th of January, 1894.

Before leaving Baltimore ilr. Baughman was married to iliss Sarah Kreis, a native of that city, where her parents had located at an early day. Both her father and mother died there. ]\Ir. and ilrs. Baughman became the parents of ten children, of whom six are yet living. Samuel K. Baughman, the eldest, was married to Lavina Simpson, who died at Camp Point, Illinois, in 1890. He afterward wedded Helen V. Roe.sehlaub, and they now reside with his mothei'. He is one of the old and prominent railroad men of this city and is uow filling the office of postal clerk on the Chicago. Burlington and Quiney Railroad, having a regular run between Quiucy and Kansas City. He is well known and popular among the railroad men ou his line and is one of the trusted employes in the postal service, in which he has had long experience and has given excellent satisfaction by reason of his promptness and capability. Henry J. is married and lives at Denver, Colorado. Jlrs. Emily A. King is a resident of Quiney. William E. J. Baughman resides in Sacramento, California, and is secretary of the Merchants and Mechanics Savings Bank. Elizabeth is the wife of Melville Clark and resides in Chicago. Those deceased are Charles, Laura, Alice and George,

In early life Mr. Baughman gave his political support to the whig party and joined the republican on its formation and continued as one of the earnest advocates until his death. He held several niiiKir offircs but. preferred to give his attentiou to his l)usiness interests. He always took a deep and heliiful interest in church work and both he and his wife were members of the Congregational church of Quiney. He Avas one of the honored pioneers of the city and evidences of his handiwork are still seen in some of the older and more snl)stantial buildings here. He was a man faithful to every trust reijosed in him whether of a public or private nature and his genuine worth gained him warm friends. Quincy benefited by his eiforts in her behalf and his name should be inscribed high on the roll of leading citizens of Quincy who are now numbered with the lionored dead. His widow and son still reside at the old family home at No. 623 Jersey street, which was built by Mr. Baughman in 1846 and is one of the landmarks of the citv.

Cicei'o F. Perry, of Quincy, was born near Springfield, Sangamon county, Illinois, January 22, 1855, and was reared in Hancock and McDonough counties. July 15, 1880, he was united in marriage with Rebecca K. Morey. They moved the same year from Colchester to Quincy, where ]\Ir. Perry was employed several years as telegraph operator and assistant train dispatcher. In 1884, Mr. and ilrs. Perry moved to California, but returned to Quincy the next year. Mr. Perry was police magistrate of Quincy from 1886 until 1891, from wliich latter year till 1903 lie was engaged in daily newspaper work. In the fall of 1903 ho bought a controlling interest in The Quincy Optic, a weekly family newspaper, of which he has since then been the editor and manager. Mr. Perry is an associate historian of the "Past and Present of the city of Quincy and Adams County, Illinois." Mr. and Mrs. Perry have two children, namely : ]\Iiss Grace ]\largaret Periy and ^Master Ralph George Perrv.

On the roster of county olTicials in Adams coianty appears the name of William II. DeGroot, now serving as county supervisor after four yeai's spent in the same office in the capacity of deputy surveyor. Tie was born at Long Branch, New Jersey, in 1832. His fathei', John DeGroot, was a native of New York and a farmer by occi;- pation. Emiai-ating westward he became one of the pioneer settlers of Adams county. Illinois, locating in (Quincy in 183(). The following year he took up his al)ode upt)n a farm in Northeast township, where he continiied to reside until his death. He prospered in his i^ndertakings in the west and as his financial resources increased he added to his property until at the time of his demise he had over seventeen hundred acres of land. He was a consisti'ut member of the Christian church and in politics wa.s a democrat. He filled the office of supervisor and other local positions and was a man of firm conviction, of sterling integrity and of strong will power. He commanded the uniform confidence and respect of those with whom he was associiited and he lived a long, useful and honorable life, passing away in 1889 at the age of eighty-one years. In. early manhood he wedded Margaret Harvey, who Avas born in New York and died in 1882 at the age of eighty-one years. They were the parents of seven children, of whom William IT. was the second. His twin brotlier died when fourteen years of age and five of the family are yet living.

AVilliam PF. DeGroot acquired his early education in the common schools of Adams county and afterward enjoyed the benefit of instruction in the Jlount Washington Collegiate Institute of New York city and also in Eastman's Business College of Poughkeepsie, New York. His education completed, he entered a counting hoTise in New York city, where he remained until 1856, in which year he was married and then came to Northeast township, Adams county, Illinois, where he turned his attention to farminsj-, following that pursuit continuously for forty-six years or until 1902. He was an enterprising agriculturalist, never dilatory in his work and from the time of his early spring planting until after crops were harvested in the late autumn he gave careful attention to tlie work of the fields and thus secured a good return for his labors. Since his retirement from the farm he lias made his home in Quincy. He was appointed deputy county surveyor by Edward C. Wells and F. L. Hancock. In 1904 he Avas a candidate for county surveyor, E. A. Grummond being his opponent on the prohibition ticket and the only other candidate in the field. He is now serving in the office, with the duties of which he had become familiar during his incumbency as deputy. He has filled a number of local offices, acting as supervisor, assessor and in other positions in his town.ship. He held the position of supervisor of Northeast township for six years, resigning upon his removal to Quincy. In politics he is a strong Bryan democrat.

1835 and by lier marriage beeame the mother of two children : Charles A., who died iu 1886 ; and Fred B., a practicing physician of Rock Island, Illinois. The parents are members of the Christian church and are highly esteemed iu the community wliere they make their home, having many warm friends in the city and throughout Adams county.

Albert P. Gay

Prominent among the energetic, far-seeing and successful business men of Adams county is the subject of this review. Integrity, activity and energy have been the cro^^^liug points of his success and his connection with various business enterprises and financial interests has been of decided aid to this section of the state, promoting its material welfare in no uncertain manner.

]Mr. Gay was born in Camp Point to^vnship, December" 31, 1840. His father, Vixon P. Gay, was born in iluskingum county, Ohio, and was descended from English ancestors, who settled in the state of JNIaine about 1630. There were three brothers that came to the new world at that time and one established his home in ^Massachusetts, the second in North Cai'oliua. while the ancestors of Albert P. Gay beeame residents of the Pine Tree state.

Vixon P. Gay came to the west in 1837 and was numbered among the pioneer residents of Illinois. He was hei'e married to Liddy Abigail Knight, a native of ]\Iaine. and a daughter of Captain George Knight, an old sailor who followed the sea for a long period, spending a number of years on the Atlantic ocean. At length, however, he removed from the sea coast and took up his abode in Illinois.

Vixon P. Gay purchased land and eventually owned in this county three hundred and twenty acres, becoming a prominent and well-to-do agriculturist. He reared his family and spent his remaining days here. He held various local offices of honor and trust, serving on the first county board of supervisors and in other public offices, wherein he demonstrated his loyalty to the general improvement. He was twice married and his first wife died November 5, 1852. His death occurred September 20, 1877.

Albert P. Gay is the oldest of a family of two sons and one daughter. His brother. C. V. Gay, is a business man of Camp Point, and the sister, ilrs. Sophronia A. ]McGill, is living in Bowen, Illinois. Albert I'. Gaj- was reared on the old home farm and his educational advantages were those offered by the district schools. He pursued his studies iu a little log school house such as was common at that time, but he possessed a nature ambitious for intellectual development and by reading and observation he became a well informed man. In this manner he prepared for teaching and followed that profession for five or six years. He possesses intellectual talent and worked for years at the carpenter's and .joiner's trade.

On the 20th of April, 1865, IMr. Gay was united in marriage in Adams county to Miss Harriet L. Strickler, who w^as born in this county and is a daughter of W. A. Strickler, one of the eai'ly and prominent residents of this part of the state. 'Sirs. Gay was reared and educated in Adams county and possesses superior business qualifications, as well as social attractions and has been a faithful companion, helpmate and advisor to her husband in his business transactions. They located on a farm in Houston township, yiv. Gay securing a tract of eighty acres of rawland there. This he broke and transformed into productive fields. He built substantial buildings and good fences and added all modern equipments as his financial resources permitted. He later bought more laud and owns over two hundred and forty acres, carrying on his farming operations for a quarter of a century. He also raised good grades of stock and was the first farmer of that township to own a herd of Jersey cattle. In 1888 he retired from the farm and removed to Camp Point, where he built a neat and substantial residence on Noi'th Ohio street. Since locating in this city he has been engaged in the banking business, being for a time a representative of this line of activity in Camp Point. He assisted iu organizing the Bowen Bank at Bowen, Illinois, and is also a stockholder in the ]Mendon Bank and likewi.se has an interest in another bank. On the organization of the Camp Point ]\Iutual Insurance Company he beeame one of its original stockholders and a director and has served as jaresident, secretary and treasurer of the company.

Unto Mr. and Mrs. Gay was born one sou, Otho N. Gray, who was born in Houston to^vnship, June 26, 1862. He is well educated and is a man of good business ability. At one time he was engaged in the jewelry business at Camp Point and for a year was iu the same line at Chicago, bvrt later .sold his store iu the latter city and returned to Camp Point. He is now assistant cashier of the ilendou Bank, iu Meudon, Adams county. He was married in Camp Point to Gertrude .\nua Ogle, who was reared and educated in Adams county.

Politically Albei't P. Gay has been a life-long republican, always supporting the party since casting his first presidential ballot for Abraham Lincoln in 1864. He was elected and served for two years as supervisor and was a member of the honorary comity board. lie was identified with the edneational interests of tlie eonnty from the time he left the old sehoolhou.se as a student and became a teacher. lie was a member of the school board for two terms and has always been deeply interested in whatever has tended to promote the intellectual progress and development of this part of the .state. He and his wife are members of the Christian church at Camp Point, in which he has served as elder for many years. As a pioneer reside.iit, one who has spent his entire life in Adams county he has witnessed much of its growth and development. He is a man of tried integrity and worth and he and his estimable wife are nmch esteemed in the community. He has made an untarnished record and unspotted i-eputation as a, business man. In all places and under all circumstances he is loyal to trutli, lionor and right, .justly valuing his own self-respect as infinitely more than wealtli. fame and positiini.

O. H. Browning

Orville PI. Browning, one of Quiney's most ilUi.strious citizens, eminent lawyer, state legislator, congi-essman, United States Senator, cabinet minister, and especial friend of Lincoln, was born in Kentucky, Feb. 10, 1806, and died at his home in Quincy, Illinois, Aug. 10, 1881. Mr. Browning received his education in his native state, where he was admitted to the bar, and Avhence in 1831 he came to Quincy, with whose history he was henceforth identified until his death.

At the meeting of the Quincy Bar Association to take action on his death, of which meeting Gen. James W. Singleton was chairman, the resolution read thus: "Mr. Browning possessed those rai-e (jualities of mind and heart, bright intellect, deliberate judgment, profound and varied learning, quick eomi^rehension, vivid and lofty imagination, clear insight into human character, tender regard for the rights of others, reverence for justice and law, sympathy for the suffering and charity for all, that would have distingui.shed him as a remarkable man in any age and in any country. Without the aid of college, university or patrimony, he attained a po.sition in his profession second to no one of his time. For half a century, he was a distinguished lawj^er, and for the later twent.y-five years of that time, by the universal accord of his associates, stood fir.st at the bar of Illinois and without a superior in the nation. As lawyer, legislator, and cabinet minister, he ranked among the foremost men of the century."

Jan. 6, 1882, at a meeting of the Illinois State Bar Association, of which Mr. Browning was president at the time of his death, Hon. Chas. B. Lawrence, said in the course of his memorial address on Mr. Browning:

"After his admission to the bar he might have commenced what, no doubt, would have been a brilliant career in Kentucky, but he was decided in the conviction that slavery was an incubus iipon the prosperity of the state, and that his professional life should begin elsewhere. Influenced by this conviction he left Kentucky in 1831, and established himself at Quincy, Illinois.

"Of course he was obliged to go through that experience which so many of us have reason to remember in our own lives - the bitter experience which comes in various forms to a youthful lawyer who opens, for the first time, his modest office in a land of strangers with little money in his pockets, and wondering every morning how long he will be able to keep the wolf from the door. But the hope deferred which maketh the heart sick was not long the experience of Mr. Browning. His handsome face, his fine person, his frank manners, united to a consciousness of intellectual powers and a conviction of final success, made his way smooth and his progress rapid.

"Within a very short period after his settlement in Quincy, he and Archibald Williams, who had preceded him from Kentucky by two or three years, were the undisputed leadei's of the bar in that portion of the state.

"He w^as a man of such large and even development of talent that he was fitted to excel in any department of the law. Whether dealing with the technicalities of common law pleading, the refined justice of courts of chancery, or the unforseen difficulties and pitfalls of a jury trial on either the civil or criminal side of the court, he was always at home, and, as far as could be said of any lawyer, 'Master of the situation.' At that time there were men of uncommon power at the bar of central Illinois. Confining myself to the mention of the dead, I call back to your memory Archibald Williams, Cyrus Walker, Stephen A. Logan, Edward Baker, Abraham Lincoln and Mr. Browning, a noble array of legal talent. It could not be truthfully said of any one of them that he dominated the others, but I think it may be fairly claimed for Mr. Brow-ning that while one of these distinguished lawyers may have excelled him in one point, and another in another, yet he surpassed them all in the manysidedness of his intellectual power and development.

"His power over a jury was very great. He never spoke above the heads of the twelve men iii the box. His object was not to command the admiration of a critical bystander, but to win the verdict. And he did win it oftener, I think, than any lawyer at the bar. Thoiigh bearing himself with a rather stately manner, he was kind and courteous to his brethren, and especiall.y so to those just entering upon their professional career. We may well cherish his professional fame as that of a brother who has done lis honor."

In sketching Mr. Browning's service in the state senate and the unpopularity of his course, Mr. Lawrence said: "I have referred to this matter not only because it was his first appearance in public life, and illustrates the wise sobriety of his judgment, but because it also illustrates a quality in his character of which our public men have far too little, but which he possessed in an eminent degree. I refer to his calm and absolute independence of popular clamor and prejudice, when his judgment told him that the path of duty lay athwart the public will. At whatever sacz-ifice of popular favor, he would be true to his own convictions. This was the jewel of his character in public life.

"There had long been an intimate friendship between Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Browning. They believed each in the other. There was always a gentle touch of affection in the tone of Mr. Lincoln's voice as, in the old library room of the supreme court, from his seat by -the stove, he would call to Mr. Browning to quit working at his brief and come and have a talk.

"Mr. Browning did all in his power to secure the nomination of Mr. Lincoln in 1860, and his success afterwards at the polls, when the newly-elected president came to make up his cabinet - as difficult a piece of political joinei'y as ever a president had - he consulted freely with Mr. Browning and was desiroiis that he should himself become a member, as attorney general."

He took his seat by appointment of Governor Yates as a successor to Douglas on the Fourth of July, 1861, and was succeeded by Richardson, who was elected by the legislature and took his seat on the 26th of January, 1864. Disregarding the eiistom usually followed by new members, Mr. Browning took an active and conspicuous part in the discussions from the beginning. The great topics growing out of the war, slavery, confiscation, emancipation, finances and the policy of the president were the subjects of constant and most earnest debate, and upon which he spoke with great ability. He spoke and voted in favor of expelling from the senate Polk of Missouri and Bright of Indiana for disloyalty. He met in these great debates PoAvell of Kentiicky, Bright of Indiana and Saulsberry and Bayard of Delaware, and was, I think, fully their equal.

"He was recognized as an especial friend of Lincoln, and as one who was as likely to express the sentiments of the executive as any man in the senate.

"His social relations at the White House were very intimate. I remember at the time of the illness and the death of Mr. Lincoln's son Willie, Mr. Browning stayed at the White House like one of the family.

"Let it then be recorded in history and inscribed on the granite which shall rise above the remains of Browning as they repose on the banks of the mighty river which murmurs by his grave:

Mr. Browning was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives for two years, and of the state senate four years, ran for Congress against Stephen A. Douglas in 1843 and against William A. Richardson in 1852. was appointed United States Senator in 1861, on the death of Douglas, and was succeeded as senator by William A. Richardson. In 1866 Mr. Browning was appointed secretary of the interior by President Johnson, which position he filled until the inauguration of President Grant.

Mr. Browning erected thi'ee dwellings in Quincy, each of which he occiipied. The first was a log cabin, which stood on the south side of Hampshire street, at the northeast coi'ner of what is now St. Boniface school yard. His second dwelling was the mansion just north of St. Boniface school, near Seventh and Hampshire streets, which was destroyed by fire in 1904, being then occupied by the Conservatory of Music. The third residence erected by Mr. Browning was at Eighth and Sycamore streets, the spacious house and grounds and improvements costing about ,^50.000. The property was bought and occupied by the late Henry F. Joseph Richer, after I\[r. Browning's death.

Among the people of Quincy, his home for half a century, to the general admiration and esteem for Mr. Browning, there was added the feeling of warm personal regard and afliection for liis lovable and beautiful tiaits of character, so well known to his neighbors and friends. Mr. and Mrs. Browning were noted for their hospitality, and their home was often crowded with guests, including many distinguished persons. They had no children of their own, but had an adopted daughter, whose marriage Avas not fortunate. Mrs. Browning, nee Eliza Hickman, was born near Richmond, Madison County, Kentucky, in October, 1807, and died in Quincy. Januai'y 23, 1885.

Christian Ii. Aujiann

Christian H. Aumann, deceased, whose business identification with Quincy, covering many years, made him one of the representative men connected with its trade relations, was born in Hanover, Germany, July 9, 1835, his parents being I\Ir. and ^Mrs. Henry C. Aumann, both of whom were natives of Germam-. They came to America in the '50s, settling in Quincy, but they were not long permitted to enjoy their new home for both died soon afterward.

Christian H. Aumann acquired a good educati<^!i in the schools of his native country and entered upon his business career as an underwriter in the king's court in Hanover, being in the service of many prominent men there. He was thus engaged until he emigrated to the new world. Attracted to this counti\y through the favorable reports which he heard concerning its business conditions and opportunities for advancement, he landed in New Orleans and made his way direct up the river to Quincy. Here he began learning the tailnj''s trade and Mlowed it for some time as a jourueyinan. He was employed at different places for a few years and afterward turned his attention to handling ready-made clothing, opening a clothing stoi-e in the jiublic s<|uare in Quincy. He conducted the business until about 1860, when he sold out and accepted a jiosition as cutter for the government at the beginning of the war. making suits for the soldiers. He was thus enijiloyed for a year, when he again entered the clothing store. After a brief period, however, he sold out and turned his attention to the saloon business, purchasing the old Jo Adams saloon, which he conducted with success until 1886, when he once more disposed of his business and then joined his son-in-law, Mr. Barnard, in establishing and conducting a photographic gallery, Mr. Aumann continued in that business for a year or up to the time of his death, which occurred in July, 18S7.

and n daughter of Frederick Williaui and Fredcricka, ( Keis) Smith, both of whom were natives of ^Vurtemburg, Germany. He was also a tailor by trade and after crossing the Atlantic to the new world worked at his trade in New York city until 1841. He then removed to Wheeling, \N'^est Virginia, and opened a grocery and clothing store, which he conducted until 1844. In that year he arrived in Quincy, bringing with him his stock of clothing and here he embarked in business. However, he largely worked at his trade to the time of his death, which occurred in 1859. His wife also passed away in this city. Mr. and Mrs. Aumann were the parents of three children: Clai-a, the widow of Fred Barnard, is now employed in the Duker dry-goods store and nuikes her home with her mother, Mrs. Aumann. She has three children. Ora is the wife of Allen Schuntz, a resident of Chicago, who is employed as a salesman in the Marshall Field dry-goods store. Alwiii Arthur dii'd at the age of three weeks.

Mr. Aumann voted with the republican party and socially was connected with the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Masrinic fraternity, the BreAvers Association and the Turner's Society, all of Quincy. He was a member of the German Lutheran church and always was a leader in the musical circles of the church, possessing a fine voice that rendered him a favoi'ite not (mly as a church singer but also in social circles. His life w-as characterized by marked industry and in all of his biisiness dealings he was successful. He was very prominent among the German people of Quincy and proved a worthy son of his native land and of his adopted country as well. Mrs. Aumann and her da,ughter are members of the Presbyterian church of Quincy. She owns a nice residence at No. 515 North Thii'd street, whei-e she and her daughter reside.

Charles W. Linn

Charles AV. Linn, who is conducting a blacksmith and wagon-making shop in Ijil)('rty. was born in this place, February 28, 185:i. His father, Amos J. Linn, is a native of Indiana, boi'H December 5. 1836, and was brought to Illinois in ISlll. the j(mrney being made across the country in wagons. The family located in Hancock county and in 1841 came to Adams county, their home being established about two and a' half miles east of Columbus. There Amos J. Linn remained until 1857, when he was mari-ied and came to Liberty. He wedded Angle C. Caldwell, who was lioi'n ncnr Cini'innali. Ohio, and came to Illinois with her pai'cnts. They made the trip liy way of the water route, proceeding down the Ohio and up the ^Mississippi rivei's to Qniney. The niarriasie of ilr. and Mrs. Linn was blessed with six children, namelv : Charles W. : Ida May, the wife of E. S. Graff, of Plainville : James A., who is living at Camp Point. Illinois; Rolla E., a resident of Qniney; Eva Blanch, now deceased ; and Elsie W.. tlie wife of W. E. Plowman, of Quincy.

Mr. Linn act(uired his early education in the public schools of Liberty and afterward attended school at Abingdon. Illinois. When his education was completed he returned home and engaged in fai-ming for a time with an nucle, but after a year, desiring a still better preparation for life's practical and responsible duties, he entered the Gem City Business College, which he attended in 1877-8. Later he went to Great Bend. Kansas, where he remained for a short time and following his return to Liberty he learned the trade of blacksmithing and wagonmaking, which pursuits he has since followed, still conducting a shop of his own, in which he has acquired a good patronage becau.se of his excellent workmanship and reasonalile prices. On the 29th of Deeemlier. 1880, ;\Ir. Linn was married to iliss Priscilla Naylor, a daughter of Mr. and ilrs. Samuel Naylor. of Carthage, Illinois, who were among the pioneer residents of Adams county, coming to this part of the state sixty years ago. Unto ilr. and IMrs. Linn have been born eight children: Gertrude D.. who is the wife of Edward Husaken. of Quincy; David H.. who is living in ]\Iarion. Illinois: Jennie C, Sanmel A. J., Angle G.. Carl W.. and A. Fay, who are all at home.

iMr. Linn exercises his right of franchi.se in support of the men and measures of the republican party and keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day so that he is able to support his position by intelligent argument. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, belonging to the lodge at Liberty, and is also a member of the Presbyterian church. He is a worthy representative of a pioneer family and his own commendable characteristic also entitle him to representation in this volume.

James T. Ruddell. who is numager of the Ursa Creamery Company, was born November 4, 1855, and is a son of J. M. and iMartha A. (Dunlap) Ruddell. the former a native of Bourbon county, Kentucky, and the latter of ilercer county, that state. His parental grandfather. Stephen Ruddell, removed from Kentucky to Pike countv, iMis.souri, in 1817, and in 1829 he

J. il. Ruddell. the father of our subject, accompanied the family on their removal to Missouri and later to Illinois. He was reared to farm life, early becoming familiar with the duties and lalnu's that fall to the lot of the aurieidtnrist. He entered land from the government on section 18, Ih-sa township, and after living on that place for a short time removed to section 16. Later he bought land on section I, where he and his wife resided for half a century, spending their la.st days upon that farm. It was in 1832 that he married Miss ^lartha A. Dunlap. whose parents removed from Kentucky to Callaway county, iMissouri. in 1826 and soon afterward came to Adams county, Illinois. Unto ;\lr. and ,Mrs. Ruddell were born eleven children but only three are now living: ^largaret R.. who was born November 22. 1838, and married Jacob W. Wiester ; George H., who was born May 2, 1810. and was married in 1866 to Josephine Featheringill ; and James T.. of this review. Those deceased are William D., and John D., who were both soldiers of the Civil war. the fonner dying in 1884 and the latter in 1877; Mary C, who died in 1898: and five who died in infancy. The mother of these children died April 28, 1896, and the father survived her only three nsonths, passing away on the 25th of August of the same year. He was an elder in the Christian church for about forty years and officiated at many funerals. At his death he left one brother. Dooley Ruddell. who passed away shortly afterward.

James T. Ruddell was born on section I, Ursa township, and remained thei-e until the death of his father. No event of importance occurred to alter the routine of farm life for him in his youth, attending the public schools and working in the fields when not busy with his lessons. He was married December 20, 1876. to iliss Sarah E. Jenkins, a daughter of William A. and Rachel (Price) Jenkins, who came to Adams county at an early date. She "was born November 30, 1858, in this county, and has four brothers and one sister living: Charles Jenkins, who resides at Marcelline : William, who is living in Lima township : J. M., who is living at Marcelline; Jlrs. Martha Orr, a resident of Lima township ; and Harry, who makes his home in California. Mr. Jenkins died in July, 1894. and his wife died in ilay. 1900, both passing away on the old homestead farm.

James T. Ruddell continued to engage in farming until his father's death and then removed to Ursa, where he conducted a store for two years. For several years he has been manager of the Ursa Creamery, and as an enter-

Unto ilr. and Blrs. Ruddell have been born five children : Charles A., who was born in October, 1877, and was married, in December, 1898. to iliss Loiiise Andrews, is now living on a farm in Ursa township and his two children, James D. and Eunice. J. ^I.. born in September. 1880, married Edith Smith and is now engaged in merchandising in T'^rsa; Frank, born in December. 188-t. ilaggie, born in November, 1889, and ]\Iartha, born in April, 1897, arc the youngei' members of th(^ family.

Politically, Mr. Ruddell is a democrat, believing in the principles of the party. He has held the office of assessor for nine years, collector for four years, and has eontinuouslj' served as school director since he attained his majority with the exception of a bi-ief period of one year. Pie has been vei-y loyal to the public interests entrusted to liis care and his official recoi'd is above reproach. He belongs to several fraternal organizations, being a member of the ^Modern Woodman camp No. 995; the Court of Honor; and the :Marce]line lodge No. 127. I. 0. 0. F. ; and he is a past noble grand of the last named and has twice been i-epresentative to the grand lodge. lie and his wife are members of the Christian <'hureli. with which they liave been identified from early life. They have a fine home in Ursa, noted for its generous hospitality, and their circle of friends is very extensive. In his business career Mr. Ruddell has advanced steadily and the success which he now enjoys is due entirely to his cajiablo management and his busiiK'ss al)ili1\'.

Herman lliMdlnvdcr, known as the "south side banker." has been conncctecl with the business interests of Quiney i'or a half century, and his record ha,s been such as any man niiglit l)e proud to possess. Labors crowned with success and business methods that have gained him an untarnished name, have been the salient features in a career that is well worthy of emulation.

]\Ir. Heidbreder was liorn on the 7th of ]\Iarch, 1842, upon a farm in thi' vicinity of Herford, Westphalia, Gernnuiy. he licing one of a family of eight sons and one daughter. In 1852 the parents came with their family to America, settling at Quiney, and a month later the father |)urchased a tract of land covered with a dense growtli of timber. This land, then about a mile south of Quiney, now l)orders Twelfth street.

(Jn it the father erected a small house, which was soon occupied by the family. There he and his wife and three of their sons died within a brief [)ei'iod ui three months.

Herman Heidbreder was then but a youth and up to this time had remained with his parents, a.ssisting them, in as far as possible, in the work of the home fai-m. AVhen but ten years of age he drove an ox team for about three months and was very proud that the work was entrusted to him. At the time of his parents' death C. H. Bastert. then proprietor of a store on State street and who had been appointed administrator of (lie cslatc, adopted ilr. Heidbreder, who remained with him until 1856, when Mr. Bastert sold his store, but Mr. Ileidbredi'r I'emained as an employe in the store through three successive changes in ownership, working for six dollars per month until I860, when he entered the emjibiy of F. II. Kehlenbrink, as clerk, at thirtyfivi' dollars per month. This was a grocery and dry goods store, in which 'Sir. Heidbreder was employed for two and a half years, when he Itought out the business, on the 1st of September, 1863. Thus he became a merchant of Quiney, and for twenty-seven years was thus connected with conuuercial jnTrsuits in the city, maintaining an unassailable reputation by i-eason of his straightforward methods. In 1885 he engaged in the real estate business at Eighth and State streets, and five years later, with other prominent men, he established the State Street Bank, which from the beginning has had a successful career, winning soon an extensive patronage because of the reputation which ]\Ir. Heidbreder has always sustained in the business connuunity. He has continuously served as cashier, and his executive force has been an imj^ortant factor in the .successful control of the enterprise.

In October, 1866, ]\Ir. Heidbreder was married to Jliss Anna Jumker, a niece of F. II. Kehlenbrink. his former employer. They became the parents of seven children. William, the eldest son, is assistant manager and director of the Gem City Foundry ; Clara is the wife of H. C. Sprick, ])art owner and assistant cashier of the State Sti'eet Bank: Walter and Harry are engaged in ch'rking in the liank; ^Minnie aiul Alma are at home ; and Arthur is at :\lidlan(l ( 'olh-gc at Atcliison, Kansas.

An interesting event in the life of Mr. Heidbreder was his celebration of the fortieth anniversary of the commencement of his business career, held on the 1st of September, 1903, at which time he held a reception for all his oldtime patrons who were still living. There were thirty i)i'esent, their average age being seventyseven years and five months. After an appropriate address by ]\Ir. Liese and a response by Mr. Heidbreder, l^hev all talked ovei- old times whili'

Deeply interested in public affairs relating to the welfare and progress of Quincy. IMr. Heidbreder has given support to measures for its material upbuilding and its intellectual and moral progress. He is one of the directors of the public library and was one of the founders of the Young Men's Christian Association, of which he has served as a director for many years, contributing most generously toward the erection of its fine building on Ninth and State streets. One of his salient characteristics has ever been his deep interest in young men and the helpful attitude which he maintains toward them. He is always ready to counsel or advise them when his opinions are sought, and to many he has given more substantial assistance, remembering the unfavorable conditions of his own youth, when, without capital or friends, he had to start out to make his own way in the world. His life record is a splendid commentary on the fact that laborpersistent and honorable - will eventually win success, and such a course also develops a character that commands uniform respect and admiration.

John S. Crfttenden

John S. Cruttenden, who is engaged in the real estate and loan business, has through extensive operations contribiited in large measure to the material improvement of the city of Quincy, which is the place of his nativity, his natal day being February 8. 1858. His parents, J. Smith and Frances (Noakes) Cruttenden, were natives of England, whence they came to the new world, establishing their home in Quincy, where they now reside.

John S. Cruttenden pursued his education in the public schools of this city and entering iipon his bu.siness career at the comparatively early age of thirteen years was for four years in the employ of Biukert Brothers, grocers. He spent the succeeding year in the service of the firm of Kingsbury, Blasland & Company, wholesale dealers in boots and shoes and when but nineteen years of age he accepted a position as deputy county treasurer, continuing in the office for five years. He was then elected county treasurer in 1882 for a term of foxu- years, being the only republican elected on the county ticket that year, his majority being 1698. This fact certainly indicates in unmistakable measure his personal popularity and the confidence reposed in him by his fellow citizens.

Binkert. Cruttenden & Siepker. They began dealing in loans and real estate and developed a constantly growing business, with which jMr. Siepker was connected until fovir years had passed, when he retired. The firm of Binkert & Cruttenden had continuoiis existence until 1897, after which Mr. Ci'uttenden was alone until August, 1898. He was then joined by Gustave A. Bauman under the firm style of Cruttenden & Bauman, a relation that has been maintained until the present time. Theirs is mostly a real estate and loan business and they have negotiated many important realty transfers which have contributed to business activity and have had direct bearing upon the permanent improvement of the city. In the placing of loans IMr. Cruttenden has also conducted a business of considerable extent and importance. He has been interested in building several additions to the city, including the Binkert & Cruttenden addition, Riverview, Lawndale. Park Place, Walton Heights, Lincoln Heights and Poling and Cruttenden 's first and second additions. Thoroughlj' informed concerning realty values, with ready recognition of business possibilities combined with an earnest desire for the city 's substantial improvement as well as his individual success, he has so operated that his labors have been a factor in Quincy 's growth and development and in the beautifying of various residence portions. He is a director of both the Gem City Building Association and the Rieker National Bank.

On the 14th of December. 1882, :\Ir. Cruttenden was married to iliss Anna A. Williams, the eldest daughter of John II. and Rebecca (Walton) Williams, of Quincy. They have one son, John W., ancl^they occupy an attractive home on the corner of I\[aine and East avenue.

Mr. Cruttenden is a communicant of St. John's Cathedral, the leading church of the Episcopal diocese and socially he is connected with the Royal Arcanum and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. Politically he endorses republican principles and has for two terms represented the fifteenth congressional district on the board of equalization and has been elected for a third term. Active in the management of the political interests of the county he is now serving as a member of its centr-al committee and his opinions carry weight in the party councils throughout this portion of the state. He has been the promoter and sup]iorter of various public enterprises, was one of the organizers of Graceland cemetery and his prominence in the business circles of Quincy is indicated by his election to the presidency of the chamber of commerce in IMa.y, 1904, as successor to J. W. Emerv. Entering business life when

Imt thirteen yeai's of aizc witlsout special tinn\- ifieations for any particular line of endeavor he has carved out ;iii lionorahlc name and place for himself, winning' success that classes him with the leading' representatives of the business life of his citv.

Albert Hughes

Albert Hughes, -who is now one of the most venerable citizens of Adams county, now lives at Ursa, is ninety-five years of age, and until about the last two years remained actively engaged in business. He was for many years a leading agriculturist of his township, and his well-managed farming interests brought to him .success. He was born in Jefferson county, Kentucky, January 20. ISIO, a son of Robert and Elizabeth (Strother) Hughes, the former cf Scotch descent, born May 21, 17C9, and the latter of Welsh lineage, born about 1774. They were born, reared and married in Culpeper county, Virginia, and soon after their marriage removed to tlie vicinity of Louisville. Kentucky, where Mr. Hughes was engaged in farming. The members of the family were as follows: Benjamin, born July 15, 1795 ; Sarah, who was born Z\Iarch 19, 1797," and married George Howard; Nancy, who was born December 15, 1798, and became Mrs. Applegate ; John, born September 4, 1800 ; Drueilja, born June 2, 1802 ; Lorenzo, who was born July 17, 1805, and married Elizabeth Wright; Covington, born December 15, 1806; Minerva, born April 18, 1808 ; Albert, born January 20, 1810; Adelaide, born September 12, 1811 : Azarias, born April 24, 1813 ; Robert, born September 10, 1815 ; Eliza, born August 14, 1820 ; and one that died in infancy.

Albert Hughes practically received no opportunity for acquiring an education in school - a fact which he has always regretted - but in the school of experience he has gained many valuable lessons. He removed from Kentucky to Jeffersonville, Indiana, when that was a pioneer district, and in 1835, when twenty-five years of age, he came to Illinois, settling in Ursa township, Adams county, in the spring of that year. Here he raised one crop and then returned to Indiana, where he was soon afterward married. In the spring of 1836 he retui-ned by boat to Quincy and again took up his abode in Ursa township, where he has since remained. He began farming on about one hundred acres of land, which he purchased at a low figure, and to this he gradually added until he had two hundred and fortyseven acres, part of which is now in possession of his son Robert, while the remainder he has sold.

On the 19th of November, 1835, Mr. Hughes was united in marriage to jMiss Sarah Ann Taylor, a daughter of Robert and Jane (Gilliland) Taylor. Her parents, natives of Ireland, were Subseciuently they went to Kentucky and afterward to Indiana, locating near Jeffersonville. The father was a weaver by trade. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Hughes are as follows: Eliza J., born October 29, 1836, lives with her father in Ursa ; Minerva, born December 7, 1838, is the wife of J. G. Johnson, the inventor of the shucking peg. and a resident of Carthage, Illinois; Robert C, born June 11, 1841, married Mary A. McNay, a daughter of Andrew and J\Iary (Webb) McNay, and they had seven children, of whom six are living: Bessie, born September 8, 1867, is the wife of Carl P. Markwood, of Ursa, and unto them have been born four children : Albert, eleven years of age; Robert, Lydia and Ilerschel, aged, respectively, nine, five and two; Nellie, born February 22, 1869. is tlie wife of John W. Griines, living on a farm north of her father's home, and they had three children, one of whom died in infancy, while the others are Blanche and Cora Alice, aged fifteen and ten years; Harry B., born September 13, 1872, married Louisa Walker, daughter of Peter and Chri.stina Walker, November 29, 1893, and they have two children, Erling B. and Vera Viola; Lilly E., born August 27, 1875, died September 7, 1878 ; Daisy A., born September 12, 1877, Sallie E., born November 29, 1880, and Lucy F., born June 20, 1886, are at home. Robert Hughes follows general farming, raising both stock and grain. He has eighty acres of land, the greater part of which is under cultivation, and he is accounted one of the enterprising farmer.s of his community. He has held public office, having been road cojnmissioner and tax collector. In his political views he is a democrat, but at local elections where no issue is involved he considers only the capability of the candidates. The family attend the Christian church.

While rearing his family Albert Hughes resided on the old homestead, but in his later years took up his abode in the village of Ursa, where he now makes his home. In politics he has always been a democrat and for one term served as school director. Imt has never sought or desired office, although he has always been interested in the questions of the day and the progress of his country. He has always been an excellent shot with the rifle, and even in his later years his aim is true and his hand steady. Not long since he saw a rabbit out in his yard, and, calling for his rifle, he raised himself in bed and through the open window killed the rabbit. His memory goes back to the time when it was no unusual thing to see herds of deer in Indiana and Illinois and when small game was to be had in abundance. His mind forms a connecting link between the pioneer past and the progressive present and he can relate many interesting incidents of the early days. For the past three years he has been a constant care, having a nurse for about nine months, under the direct supervision of his daughter Eliza, who has in her devotion sacrificed every pleasure in order to take care of her father in his last days. His mind is as clear as ever, he recognizing every old friend as they come to his bedside. In this hi.s last sickness his friends say of him : He is a man of strict integrity, honorable in all his transactions, acting always from principle rather than policy, generously benevolent and public-spirited, always ready to encourage and assist any enterprise calculated to result in good or to advance the true interests of the community in which he lives. These qualities in which he excels, were characteristic of the early settlers of Ursa, and have left their impress never to be obliterated. The residents of Ursa cannot let such a man be taken away without the thought, Who will take his place? In his declining days Mr. Hughes and hi.s family have the sympathy of every resident of IJr.sa.

George S. Reynolds

George S. Reynolds is numbered amont the native sons of Adams county, his birth having occurred in ]\Iendon township, January 10. 1866. The ancestry of the family can be traced back to the IMayflower. The paternal greatgrandfather of Charles Reynolds was a native of Connecticut and served for seven years in the Revolutionary war, subsequent to which time he followed blaeksmithing. His son, Horace Reynolds, was born in East Hartfoi'd, Connecticut, January 27, 1790, and was one of a family of four daughters and four sons and for some years was the only survivor of the family. He, too, became a blacksmith and worked at the forge for a half century. Leaving Winsted, Connecticut, he removed to Houston, Adams county, Illinois, in 1835, and there purchased land and established his home, being one of the pioneer residents of that locality. Not a had been turned nor an improvement made upon his laud, lint he soon broke the prairie and after turning the sod, planted his seed and in due course of time gathered rich crops, ultimately improving and cultivating two hiindred acres. The usual experiences of pioneer life were familiar to the family. Wolves were frequently heard howling around the cabin at nisrht and it was no unusual thing to see a herd of deer, while venison was a frequent dish upon the family board. Horace Reynolds reached the advanced age of ninety-six years, passing away February 5, 1883. He had been married on the 11th of October, 1815, by the Rev. Dr. Lyman Beecher, to Miss Annie Culver, who was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, in 1792. Their married life covej'cd sixty-eight years and she survived her husband two years. She held membership in the Congregational church and was an able assistant to her hiisband, carefully managing the household affairs while he devoted his attention to the improvement of the farm and to working in his blacksmith shop. As the years passed they prospered and they always maintained a high position in the regard and esteem of their neighbors and many friends. In their family were ten children.

George Reynolds, the youngest of this family, was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, Mai'ch 6, 1834, and was only a year old when brought by his parents to Illinois. During the winter months he was a student in a log schoolhouse, which, however, in course of time was replaced by a neat frame structure. He learned the blacksmith's trade with his father and during the winter months followed that pursuit, while in the summer season his attention was given to the cultivation of the fields and the care of the ci'ops. In the spring of 1855 he formed a partnership with his brother Henry for the conduct of a blacksmith shop and in 1860 the brother went to California, while George Reynolds continued blaeksmithing for three years longer. In 1863 he removed to Hancock county, Illinois, where he gave his undivided attention to farming, having purchased one hundred and ninety acres of land there. In I\Iarch, 1865, however, he returned to Adams county and for four years resided near Mendon, while in 1870 he took up his abode in Houston township. Here he had four hundred and thirty acres of land in one body on section 4, Camp Point township, and three hundred and thirty -five acres of land in Houston township, his farm bordering each side of the Camp Point road that divides the two townships. He was also extensively engaged in the raising of cattle and hogs and his business affairs were most capably conducted. For the last thirteen years, however, he has lived a retired life but remained upon the farm until about three years ago, when, in 1902, he and his wife removed to Camp Point, where they now make their home, being among the most honored and respected pioneer residents of the county.

Unto Jlr. and ilrs. George Reynolds were born five children, the brothers and sisters of our subject being John O., who married ]Miss Stella Kessler and lives in Houston township;

In taking' up the personal history of George S. Reynolds we present to onr readers the life record of one wlio is widely and favorably known in Adams county. His eai-ly educational ])rivileges wci-e supplemented by study in the high school at Camp I'oint, and he was reared to farm life, early becoming familiar with the best methods of cultivating the fields and caring for the stock. When he had put aside his textbooks he continued to work on the home farm until his marriage, which was celebrated November 25, 1891, the lady of his choice being Miss Artie Groves, wlio was born July 31, 1872, in Houston townshij), her parents being Stephen and Mary Jane (Campbell) Groves. Her father, now deceased, was at one time the owner of one of the pioneer farms on what is known as Big Neck prairie on section 30, Houston township. He represented one of the old families of the east, his grandfather, Jacob (iroves. having been a native of Pennsylvania, while the great-grandfather, John ({roves, came from Prussia to America, and settled in this country with William Penn. fi'om whom he I'eeeivetl a grant of land. His home was on what is known as (Ji'af 's Run, in Penns.vlvania, where he lived the cpiiet and peaceful life of the Quaker colonist. His son, Jacob Groves, renuived from Peimsylvania to Virginia, where he follewed weaving as a life work and died at Reading in that state. He had a family of seven children, including Joseph Groves, whose birth occurred in Jefferson county, Virginia, and who was reared in what is now Cabell county. West Virginia, whei'e he resided until 1828. That year witnessed his arrival in Sangamon county, Illinois, and after three years he removed to Brown county, this state, where he ptirehased land and developed a pioneer fai-m, making it his home mitil he passed away in his seventy-third year. He married Catherine Staley, also a native of Jefferson county. A^irginia, and descended from Pennsylvania ancestry. She died when fifty years of age, leaving ten children.

Stephen Groves, the tliii-d of lliat family, was born February 22, 1818, in Cahell comity. West Virginia, and accompanied his pai'cnts to the west when a lad of ten years, traveling in an old-time prairie schooner drawn by horses. He had little opportunity to acquire an ediication and the schoolhouse in which he pursued his studies was built of logs with an immense fireplace in one end of the Iniilding, the smoke having egress through the chimney built of clay and .sticks. He was desirous of obtaining a good education and early began working that he might earn the means to pay his tuition in other schools, liowi'ver. he had the oppoi'tunity of attending school in Brown county for only one month but a scholarly old gentleman of the neighborhood a.ssisted him in his lessons and guided his reading so that he laid the foundation for broader knowledge in later years. His fath(^r gave him liis time when he was eighteen years of age on the condition that he would never ask foi- financial assistance from his father. He then left home and entered the employ of an uncle, living about fifteen miles from Springfield, Illinois, where he worked in a distillery for two years. He then turned his attention to farm work and soon received twenty-five dollars per month. In 1837 he again became a resident of Brown county, Illinois, where he entered from the govenuiii'ut oiic hundred and twenty acres of laud, on which he built a cabin and made otliei' improvements, but later left the farm in charge of his brother-in-law and went on a trapjiing expedition, joining a party proceeding up the Illinois river and spent the winter on Duck Island. They were successful in this venture and in the spring to<ik their furs on a raft to St. Louis, selling to the American Fur Company. A few years later Mr. Gi'oves exchanged his fai-m in Brown county for land in Houston township, Adams county, and later sold his interest in that place and purchased another farm in the same township. He at once built a log cabin and then, desiring a companion and helpmate for life's journey, he was married December 28, 18-16, to Mrs. Nancy Stricklei-, nee Witt. Her first husband, Abrani Strickler, had ilied a few months after their marriage. Her father. Daniel Witt, was one of the pioneer settlers of this state. :Mrs. Groves died June 26, 1850, and their two children, Jacob and Martha, are still living. Later IMr. Groves was again married, the second union being with Mary Jane Camplxdl, a native of Tennes.see. born December 2, 1845. Her death occurred May 20. 1884. There- were seven children born of this marriage : Emma ; Joseph ; John : Stephen ; Daniel : Artie ; and one who died in infancy.

IMr. Groves continued to engage in farming throughout his entire business career, making his home on section 30, Houston township, where he owns six hundred and forty-four acres of land all in one body, and he likewise had a farm of forty acres in Andrew county, Missouri. He gave particular attention to the raising of Poland China hogs, which he sold for breeding purposes, and his shipments amounted to about two carloads each winter. He was a man of excellent business ability, enterprise and industiy, and all who knew him entertained foi' liim hio-b respect and regai'd. Mr. (iroves j)assed away April 3, 1904, while his wife's death oecui'n'd Mav ''0 1884.

Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds own two hundred and nine acres of land and their home is located on section 33, Houston township, about tive miles west of Golden. Here J\Ir. Reynolds carries on genei-al farming and also raises cattle and hogs. His life has been quietly passed and yet he has displayed all the elements of good citizenship and sterling traits of an honorable, upright man. In polities he is a repiTbliean. Both Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds enjoy the friendship of many with whom they have come in contact and both are representatives of worthy iiiimecr families of this part of the state.

Uriah H. Keatii

Uriah H. Keath, with one exception the oldest practitioner at the Quincy bar, was born in Jacksonville, Illinois, November 3, 1831. His father, Gabriel Keath, was born in Montgomery county, Kentucky, October 13, 1807, and died in 1865. He was a farmer and stock-raiser, conducting his bu.siness along progressive lines. He first visited Illinois in 1828, but afterward returned to Kentucky and it was not until 1832 that he became a resident of Adams county, locating at Columbus. There he i-emained until the spring of 1834, when he removed to Ursa township, where he purchased a farm, residing thereon until his death. There he reared his family and in the management of his farming interests he displayed good business ability. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal chui'ch, in which he served as elder and in the work of which he took an active and helpful part. His eai-ly political support was given to the whig party and upon its dissolution he joined the ranks of the new reiniblican party. He married Lucinda Randolph, daughter of James Randolph and a cousin of John Randolph of Roanoke. She was born in Kentucky and it was in 1879 that she was called to her final rest at the age of seventy-eight years. Gabriel and Lucinda Keath were the parents of eight children, four sons and four daughters.

To the public-school system of Adams county Uriah H. Keath is indebted for the early educational privileges he enjoyed. In 1849 he entered McKendree College, at Lebanon, Illinois, and on leaving that institution in 1852 he went to Kentucky, where he was engaged in teaching school for several months. Following his return to Adams county, he again taught school for a time and tlieu took up the study of law in the oiRce of Archibald AVilliams and C. B. Lawrence of Quincy, being admitted to the bar on the 5th of February, 1855. He began practice at Sigourney, Keokuk county, Iowa, and was thus engaged at the outbreak of the Civil war in the spring of 1861. He was then commissioned by Governor Kirkwood as a recruiting officer and assisted in raising three regiments. He was made first lieutenant of Company F, Fifth Iowa Infantiy, under the connnand of Colonel W. H. Worthington, and a year later was promoted to the rank of captain in September, 1862, having connnand of his company until nuistered out of the service on the 27th of October, 1864, at Atlanta, Georgia. He served in all of the campaigns in Missouri under Generals Fremont, Pope, Hunter and others and during the greater part of his connection with the army was with the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps. He was in twenty-one battles, among which may be mentioned New Madrid, Island No. 10, luka, Corinth, Vicksburg, Knoxville, siege of Corinth, Missionary Ridge and the Atlanta campaign, and he did his full duty as a soldier, being most capable and loyal in the discharge of every task that devolved upon him.

On leaving the army Mr. Keath returned to his home in Iowa, but in 1865 became a resident of Quincy, where he at once opened a law office and has since practiced in all the courts. It was not long before he was recognized as one of the most prominent members of the bar of this county, which includes men of keen and cultured intellect. He enjoys the enviable reputation with court, counsel and client of a practitioner scrupulously accurate in statement and in every action or position governed by the nicest sense of professional honor.

Mr. Keath was married in 1855 to Miss Carrie Turner, a daughter of Ebenezer Turner. She was born in Adams county, eight miles north of Quincy, on the 5th of January, 1836, and died March 19, 1889. They were the parents of two children : Clarence R., deceased ; and Kate, the wife of Rev. L. J. Duncan, now of Butte, Montana. The family residence was at No. 1211 North Sixth street for thirty-five years.

Mr. Keath is a member of the Unitarian church and belongs to John Wood post. No. 96, G. A. R. His political support is given to the republican party and he has exercised considerable influence in political circles. He served as United States deputy collector of revenue under President Harrison, being appointed to that position in 1889, and was assistant superintendent of the public schools of the coiiuty froni 1865 until 1869. He served for several terms as ehairiiian of the repiiblican executive committee of Adams eoiinty and has been a member of the state central committee. In fact his labors and influence have been a potent factor in moldino- the policy of his part.v in county and state. Ilis time and attention, however, have been principally devoted to the practice of law and he is today the oldest member of the Quincy bar in continuous practice with the exception of Hope S. Davis. He has maintained a foremost place amona; his professional brethren, having ability that has gained him distinction and prestige. As a man he is of genial nature and social tastes and these ctualities have won him a host of warm and devoted friends.

The colleague and co-laborer <(f such distinguished men as Lincoln, Douglas, Browning, Shields, Baker, McDougall, Hardin, Williams, Trumbull, IMcClernand, Yates and the other master minds and giant intellects that shaped the early destiny of Illinois, William Alexander Richardson left the impress of his individuality upon the history of the state and nation and through many years largely aided in molding the public policy of this commonwealth and in guiding national issues.

]\Ir. Richardson was the oldest child of James L. and Mary (Edmondson) Richardson and was born on his father's farm seven miles from Lexington in Fayette county, Kentucky, on the 16th day of Januaiy, 1811. Ilis education was obtained in the log school house, the Walnut Hill preparatory school, the Centre College at Danville, and the Transylvania University at Lexington. After his junior year at this latter institution he tai^ght a country school for one year. and then entered the office of Allen & Simjison at Winchester, where he studied law. He was admitted to practice before the courts of Kentucky, in March, 1831.

Mr. Richardson came to Illinois and located at Shelbyville in May. 1831, and commenced the practice of the law. In April of the next year he volunteered as a ])rivate in Captain Daniel Price's company for the Black Hawk war; was appointed assistant quartermaster May 5, 1832 ; and mustered out of service IMay 28, 1832.

In November, 1832, Mr. Richardson moved to Ruslivillo in Schuyler county, having taken a fancy to that locality when there as a soldier. On the ioth day of February, 1835, the legislature of Illinois elected him state's attornev for the fifth .judicial circuit, his oi)ponent being O. II. Browning. He received the highest vote of any of the five state's attorneys that day elected, although S. A. Douglas, J. J. Hardin, John Dougherty, O. B. Ficklin and other prominent men were voted for. This old circuit was composed of the counties of Pike, Adams, Schuyler, Hancock, McDonough, Fulton, Knox, and Warren - Schuyler then comprehending Brown county.

The first term of the Adams county circuit court that ]Mr. Richardson attended convened in the old log courthouse at the northea.st corner of Fifth and Maine streets in the city of Quincy, on the 11th day of September, 1835, with the Hon. Richard ;\I. Young on the bench. Earl Pierce as sheril'f, Henry II. Snow as clerk, Lorenzo Bull as deputy clerk, and John Wood as the foreman of the grand .jury. Doubtless, too, that quaint old-time court habitue Mike Dodd was in attendance with his wiy observations and comments, he certainly was at the April term, 1836, of this court when there was a murder trial - an early local cause celebre - when ^Iv. Richardson was assisted by Mr. Archibald AVilliams in the prosecution, and Mr. J. H. Ralston by ilr. 0. II. Browning in the defen.se - resulting in a verdict of guilty, after a hai'd fight.

In the summer of 1836 Mr. Richardson was nominated as a candidate for the lower house of the state legislature and innnediately resigned his position as state's attorney. In Auuust he received the highest vote of any one on his ticket in Schuyler county and took his seat on the 5th day of December. 1836. This was the tinu» when ^Iv. J. W. Whitney, of Quincy, as "Lorde Coke," was still holding his celebrated "lobby assemblages"' at Vandalia - that early school of parliamentary practice, oratoi-y and statesmanship. At this session of the legislature Txlr. RichardKi>n was one of the few who opposed the "internal improvement measures," which afterward played such a disastrous part in Illinois history, and one of the ma.iority that voted for Springfield as the permanent capital. It was duriilg this session that Mr. Jeff Oatewood, a senator from Gallatin county, insisted upon calling ]Mr. Richardson "Old Dick," in spite of correction, because he had never known a clever fellow whose name was not Dick - and "Old Dick" it was with Mr. Richardson's political friends and admirers up to the day of his death.

In August 1838, Mr. Richardson was elected to the state senate for a term of four years. At the end of his term he declined a re-nomination and election, desiring to give his undivided attention to his profession. In 1841 he was chosen by his party convention as one of the democratic presidential electors, and while engaged in an active canvass as such elector was nominated for the leg'islatui'e. He accepted the nomination very reluctantly - owing to his desii'c to give all his time to his profession - and made the fight against General James W. Singleton, the most popular whig in the district. In Angust, 1844, he was elected to the lower house, and, on the convening of the legislature, was made speaker.

In 1S45 'Sir. Richardson was associated with Mr. 0. 11. Browning. Mr. 0. C. Skinner, and Mr. C. A. Warren in the defense of the ring leaders of the mob that killed the iMormon leader, Joseph Smith, in the Carthage jail, procuring an accjuittal much to the displeasure of Governor Ford.

At the breaking out of the Mexican war in 1846 Jlr. Richardson was in a position politically where everything favored his further rise in power and influence, but. putting aside all personal ambition and consideration, he raised a company and went to the front. On the field of Buena Vista, by the choice of his regiment, the First Illinois, although the fifth captain, he was promoted to the rank of major in recognition of meritorious and heroic conduct. Aftei'wards the Illinois legislature voted him a sword, on which is inscribed: '"Presented by the State of Illinois to Lt. Col. William A. Richardson for services in the late war with i\Iexico and especially for irallantrv at the battle of Buena Vista, February 22, 1847."

WHiile still in the army Colonel Richardson received the nomination for congressman from his district and was elected in Aiigust, 1847, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Senator Douglas. He served continuously for nine years in the council chamber of the nation. Those were troublous times in the nation's histoi-y, when matters of great moment were claiming public attention and whatever estimate time shall put on the measures he advocated his party and constituency ever sustained him in his positions b.y electing him over such adversaries as Browning and Williams.

In December, 1849, when the Thirty-first Congress met - having then served but half a term - Colonel Richardson received a very complimentarj' vote for the speakership. In 1850 the congressmen from Illinois - Richardson, McClernand. Harris, Wentworth, Yoiuig, Bissell, Baker - succeeded in carrying thi'ough the house the senate bill granting to the state each alternate section of land six miles wide on each side of the survey for the Illinois Central Railway. In 1852 Colonel Richardson made another attempt to retire from politics, but was prevailed \ipon to give up his plan of moving to Chicago - where he had options on property that would have made him rich - and again accept the nomination for congress in order to harmonize the factions in his party. He was the democratic leader of the hou.se at the time of the passage of the famous Kansas-Nebraska bill. Jlay 24, 1854, and was vindictively assailed by the opposition for his part in repealing the Missouri Compromise. So bitter was the attack made \ipon him that his party chose to make him the champion of that measure, and to this end. although he had declined to be considered a candidate, the democratic convention that met at ]\It. Sterling in August, 1854, nominated him again, the other candidates withdrawing in his favor. Every element of opposition that could be brought to bear against him was .summoned from every quarter. He was threatened with the overwhelming indignation of the people. Instead, however, of being rebuked and rejected, he was elected with an increased majority - the only instance of the kind in the north at this election. After the election. Colonel Richardson published a card in the Quiney Herald, November 30, 1854, in which, after thanking his friends for their loyalty, he said: "At the end of the term to which you have elected me I shall retire from public life." There is something pathetically fatalistic in the continued and ineft'ectual efforts that Colonel Richardson made to get out of politics and back to his profession. We will see more of it anon.

The Thirtj'-fourth congress met in December, 1855. In the house the democratic majority had been swept away, but the opposition was a motley crowd. "There were whigs, anti-Nebraskas, know-nothings and republicans, all commingled, and while they were easily able to prevent the election of a democratic speaker, they found it difficult to concentrate on a choice of their o'mi. " Colonel Richardson was the democratic caucus nominee and got full support of his party's strength for one hundred and twenty-two roU calls, when, on the 23d of Janiiary. 185(i. he asked to have his name di-opped. The contest lasted for two months. Finally a majority voted that a plurality should elect, and on the one hundred and thirty-third ballot N. P. Banks was chosen, February 3, 1856.

In May, 1856, Colonel Richardson was nominated, without his consent and against his protest, as the democratic candidate fen- governor of Illinois. In June of that year he was one of the most conspicuous figures in the democratic national convention at Cincinnati and none commanded more respect or attention. He it was who, as chairman of the Illinois delegation, championed Judge Douglas's caiise and who, after the principles that Douglas fought for had been adopted as a platform, read the Judge's letter asking that his name be withdrawn for the sake of harmony. Colonel Richardson finally consented to accept the nomination and sent in his resignation as a iiK'iuber of cougress. The gubernatorial campaign of 1856 was a very bitter one, and upon Colonel Richardson was "concenti'ated and i)oured out all the pent up rage of the opposition," and although he ran ahead of Buchanan, who earrietl the state, he was defeated hy a small plurality - the anti-slavery knownothings leaving their own candidate to vote for Colonel Bissell. while Colonel Richardson's very pronounced opposition to the whole ' ' American " ' movement prevented him from getting any strength from that party.