Wabasha County, Minnesota - Biographical sketches, 1920 (part 7 of 27)

Joachim Dankwardt, an early settler in Lake Township, where he ^farmed for a number of years, was born in Mecklenburg, Germany, March 17, 1827. He learned and followed the weaver's trade, and also acquired a 10-acre farm, which he operated, working at his trade when he could spare time from the farm. In 1853 he married Annie Arnst, by whom he had seven children, five of whom were born in Germany. In 1869 he came with his family to America finding the means by selling his farm, the price added to what he had saved making a sum about $1,600. This amount was nearly all swallowed up by the expenses of transportation, so he arrived here with but little capital. Locat¬ ing in West Albany Township, this county, he worked one year as a farm hand. In 1870 he bought a partly improved tract of 80 acres in section 35, but there were no buildings, and he had to erect a small log house, with some straw sheds for his stock. On that farm he lived until 1876, in which year his wife died. He then bought a farm of 120 acres in sections 24 and 25, which he made his home until his death, September 16, 1918, at the venerable age of 91 years and six months. He was a strong and sturdy man until 1910, when he had a stroke of paralysis, and in 1914 he suffered from another. He had nevei mas¬ tered the English language, but was a hard-working man, respected by his neighbors. He was a member of St. John's Lutheran congregation at Lake City, and in politics a Republican. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Dankwardt were: Mary, now Mrs. John A. Klint of Minneapolis; Joseph, lesiding in Maumee, Fla. ; Fred J., a prosperous farmer in Lake Township; Minnie, now Mrs. George Innis of Lake City; Henry L., of Lake City; Louisa, who married a Mr. Haldenmar of Chicago and is now deceased, and Anna, wife of Michael I endeigast of

Fred Joseph Dankwardt, a well-to-do farmer residing in section 25, Lake Township, was born in Mecklenburg, Germany, May 19, 1862, son of Joachim and Annie Dankwardt. He was seven years old wrhen he came to America with his parents, who settled in West Albany Township on a farm, where he was trained to agricultural pursuits, attending school at intervals up to the age of 18. After his mother's death in 1876 he remained on the farm with his father until he was 24, when he had accumulated $75, a rifle and a watch, which weie his sole possessions besides his clothes. From that time until 1891 he worked out as a farm laborer. He then rented the G. W. Covey farm of 200 acres in section 25, Lake Township and started in for himself. In the fall of 1896 he and his brother Joseph bought this farm, of which 85 acres were then under cultivation, and there was a frame house on it, with some old sheds. To these slight improvements they added a frame barn, 34 by 64 by 16 feet, with a full stone basement of 8 feet; also a steel windmill, poultry house, stone cisterns and other necessary structures. As general farmers and stock raisers they keep grade Durham cattle and Poland-China hogs, and are well equipped with teams, tools and machinery, including a good touring car. Their operations have been profitable and they are numbered among the prosperous farmers of the town¬ ship. A Republican politically, Fred J. Dankwardt has served two years as supervisor, and was an ardent and active supporter of the United States dur¬ ing the recent war. On October 29, 1907, he was married to Mary, daughter of Frank and Caroline Bush, of Lake Township. Since 1909 he and his wife have given a home to Frank, Anna and James Russell, the orphaned children of Mrs. Dankwardt's sister. Frank Russell served in the recent war with Germany. Mr. Dankwardt was reared a Lutheran and he and his wife are members of St. John's congregation at Lake City.

Martin Erickson, who is prosperously engaged in general farming, stockraising and dairying in Oakwood Township, was born in this township, May 22, 1888, son of Eric and Emma (Carlson) Erickson. The parents were natives of Sweden who came to America in 1870, the father coming with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Erickson, who settled in Oakwood Township, this county, on a farm of 340 acres. On the death of Peter Erickson, his son Eric bought the farm, which he carried on until 1916, when he sold the property to his sons. He and his wife are now living retired on the old homestead with two of their sons. They had in all eight children, three of whom, Alfred, Ina and Freda, are now deceased. The survivors are Swan, Edward, Martin, William and Minnie. Martin Erickson was reared on his parents' farm and in boyhood attended the district school. He worked at home until 1916, in which year he bought 80 acres from his father. His purchase consisted merely of land, and in the way of improvements there was not even a fence-post. Now all is well fenced, and the farm has good buildings, Mr. Erickson, as soon as he came into possession, having erected a tile and stucco house of eight rooms and bath; also a barn, 26 by 32 feet, with a tile basement, for horses and cattle, and a good windmill. Industrious and enterprising, he is making steady progress and .has taken rank among the reliable and useful citizens of his township. Not being married, his sister Minnie keeps house for him. He is a member of the Swedish Lutheran church, as are all the other members of the Erickson family.

Erick Erickson, a representative citizen of Oakwood Township, who was for a numbei; of years successfully engaged in farming, but is now practically retired, was born in Sweden, July 22, 1849. He was educated in his native land, where he remained until twenty years of age, at which time, in 1869, he emi¬ grated to the United States, with his parents, who took a homestead of 106 acres of wild land in section 21, Oakwood Township, Wabasha County, Minn. The earliest settlers had arrived here but 14 or 15 years before, and most of the farms were small and had but crude buildings, the almost universal resi¬ dence being a log cabin. The elder Erickson broke and cultivated his land, built a house, barn, and other outbuildings, and farmed until 1881, when he sold the place to his son Erick, and moved to Big Stone County, where he died in 1890, having for some years been a widower. Before purchasing the old homestead, Erick Erickson had worked for his father for twelve years. After starting out for himself he from time to time bought more land until he finally became the owner of 466 acres. He followed diversified farming with satis¬ factory results, keeping mixed grade cattle and Duroc-Jersey swine. In 1915 he sold his property to his four sons - to Swen 160 acres, William 120, Edward

Peter Engelhart

106, and Martin 80 acres. Religiously he is affiliated with the Lutheran church. Mr. Erickson was married May 14, 1882, to Emma Carlson, who was born in Sweden, August 28, 1856. He and his wife had eight children, of whom five are now living, the record in brief being as follows: Swen, born May 1, 1883; Minnie, who is keeping house for her brother Martin; Edward C., born March 3, 1885, purchased the old homestead which he is now operating; Martin, farm¬ ing 80 acres in Oakwood Township, and William, who is farming 120 acres.

William Jacob, an early settler in West Albany Township, where he now resides, in section 18, was born in Hanover, Germany, in July, 1847. In the early fifties his parents turned their thoughts toward emigration, wishing to live under a more liberal government, and with wider opportunities, than they had in their native land. The father resolved to come alone to this country and start a home before bringing the rest of the family, and accordingly did so, locating at Bloomington, Ill., where he found employment. In 1856 he re¬ turned to Germany for his family, which, in addition to his wife, then consisted of three sons and two daughters. Landing in New York after a voyage of 56 days on a sailing vessel, they proceeded west, but instead of settling in Bloom¬ ington, came on to Wabasha County, Minn., Mr. Jacob securing a land claim in West Albany Township. At that time there were no roads and they had to follow an Indian trail from their landing place to their claim, which contained 160 acres. After erecting the usual log house, they started in with oxen grub¬ bing and clearing the land. Here William grew up, in his boyhood being de¬ prived of educational opportunities, as there was then no school. He helped to develop the home farm, on which he remained until his marriage, January 20, 1873, to Anna McCracken, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William McCracken, of Glasgow Township. She was born in Bowmanville, Canada. After or at the time of his marriage, Mr. Jacob settled on a farm of 160 acres in section 18, West Albany Township, where they still reside in the enjoyment of good health. They subsequently acquired 88 acres in Gillford Township. The farm is now operated by their sons William and Henry, who carry on general farming and stock raising, breeding grade Hereford cattle, Duroc-Jersey hogs and Pure Bred Shropshire sheep. One child of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob died in infancy. Those now living are: William Av born October 22, 1873; Henry F., born April 7, 1875, and Emma, who is the wife of Herman Moechnig of Oakwood Town¬ ship. The two sons are stockholders in the Co-operative Elevator Co. They have 120 acres of the farm under cultivation and are doing a successful busi¬ ness. William Jacob, the father, was one of the founders of the Jacksonville

Peter Engelhart, now living retired in Mazeppa, where he has business in¬ terests, has had an active career as farmer, miller, and business man, and is now enjoying a period of prosperous leisure, the result of his formei industiy. He was born in Germany, June 20, 1852, son of Phillip and Elizabeth Engelhait, the mother's maiden name also being Engelhart. The father was a blacksmith by trade, and he and his wife spent their lives in their native land, where they both died within a week of each other, in 1888. They had four children, all sons, two of whom, Peter and George, came to the United States. Geoige died at Keokuk, la., in 1893. Peter Engelhart came to this country in 1868, when 16 years of age, with friends of the Englehart family. From New York, where he landed, he proceeded to Keokuk, la., whither his brother George had pieseded him a year before. An uncle, George Engelhart, who was a blacksmith, was also living there, and in his shop Peter found employment, remaining theie for a year. The next five years of his life were spent on a farm in Iowa. In 1874 he came to Minnesota, settling in Wabasha County. Here he found work in the harvest fields, and buying a threshing-machine, also threshed giain. In the fall of 1874 he returned to Iowa, where he spent the winter, and the spring of 1875. Then he came back to Wabasha County with a carload of horses, which he sold in Lake City. After he had disposed of the last horse, he went to Chester Township, where he broke 80 acres of land for a farmer, taking the first crop from the land as his pay. In the fall of 1874 he traded a team which he had used in threshing for 40 acres of land in Goodhue County, after which he returned to Iowa. The next year he resumed breaking land for the crops. In 1879 he bought 80 acres in Chester Township, and moved on to the land, which he cultivated until 1887. During subsequent years he bought more land - .160 acres in 1882, 80 acres in 1887, and 80 acres in 1893, making in all 440 acres of which he was now the owner; and in the meanwhile he carried on agri¬ cultural operations, until March, 1887, when he moved to Mazeppa, and engaged in the machine business, being thus occupied for six years. In 1894 he bought an interest in the Maas elevator, and held it until 1917, when he sold out. He also acquired a one-third interest in the Forest Roller Mill, at Forest Mill, which w7as later moved to Mazeppa, but finally sold his interest to Theo. Maas. He has disposed of most of his land, but still owns 160 acres, which he rents out. He is a stockholder and director in the Bank of Mazeppa, but is no longer engaged in active business. In 1898 he erected a nice modern residence in Mazeppa. He has served as a member of the village council and on the school board, and is a man whose judgment in public affairs is held in respect by his fellow townsmen. His religious affiliations are with the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Engelhart was first married, at Zumbrota, Goodhue County, in 1880, to Alvina Dablow, daughter of John and Caroline Dablow, her parents being natives of Germany. Of this union four children were born, namely: Elizabeth, wife of Alfred J. Jondreau, of Cohasset, Minn.; Clara, wife of Ed. Freiheit, of Zumbro Falls; Christina, residing at home with her father, and Carl P., of Mazeppa, wTho is proprietor of the elevator here. Mr. Engelhart's second marriage was at Hager City, Wis., in 1896, to Anna Lemke, of Chester Township, daughter of John and Augusta Lemke. Her parents, natives of Germany, came to Minnesota at an early day, and were here engaged in farm¬ ing. Both are now deceased, Mr. Lemke dying in 1916, and Mrs. Lemke in 1919. They had seven children. By his second wife, Anna, Mr. Englehart has a son, Peter, Jr., who is now studying medicine in the University of Minnesota, and will graduate in 1921. This son served three months in the S. A. T. C. during the world war. Mr. Englehart's son Carl P., married Palma Rohrer, daughter of Gottleib M. and Helen (Auer) Rohrer, of Cochrane, Buffalo County, Wis., her father being one of the leading citizens of that town.

Peter Peters, wffio in his day was a hard-working and successful farmer in West Albany and' Glasgow Townships, was born in Luxemburg, January 11, 1852. In 1853 he accompanied his parents, wTho were very poor, to Wabasha County, Minn., and they took a homestead of 160 acres in Glasgow Township. The land was wild and for the first few years the family lived in a sod house. Up to the age of 26 years Peter worked with his father. On January 14, 1878, he was united in marriage with Eliza Dora, daughter of Frederick and Mary (Anding) Stohmann. She was born in Glasgow Township, this county, De¬ cember 5, 1865, her parents being among the earliest settlers there. At that time Wabash and Read's Landing were the nearest markets, to which the peo¬ ple walked carrying butter and eggs, the butter selling at ten cents a pound and the eggs at ten cents a dozen. About the time of his marriage Peter Peters bought 80 acres in Gillford Township and began farming with the aid of oxen, he and his wife living in a log shanty. Within two years they sold the place and bought the farm of Mrs. Peters' father in Glasgow Township. There they re¬ sided until 1890, when they again sold, and this time bought a farm of 240 acres in sections 11 and 12 in West Albany, which had, however, poor buildings. This defect he remedied, erecting a good set, including a frame barn, 36 by 72 by 14 feet, with basement; a second barn, 36 by 40 by 14; a machine-shed, 36 by 52 by 8; and a granary and hog-house. He also improved the house. There he was engaged in general farming, and also to a considerable extent in stockraising, and was very successful. He had a fine operating equipment, and in- creased the size of the farm to 256 acres, of which 200 are now under cultiva¬ tion. This farm lies eight and one half miles southeast of Lake City and is a fine piece of agricultural property. Mr. Peters died suddenly of heart failure on April 17, 1907. He was a Catholic in religion, and a member of the United Workmen and of the Odd Fellows. After his death his widow, with the as¬ sistance of her son, Theodore, operated the farm till 1911, when she moved to Lake City, where she owns a comfortable home. Since Mr. Peters' death the family have joined the First Congregational Church of Lake City, though hav¬ ing previously worshipped with him. There were five children born to Mr. and Mrs. Peters: Frederick, October 16, 1889, who died in infancy; Theodore, born April 17, 1891, owns and operates a fine farm near the old home in West Albany Township; Alfred G. is the subject of a special sketch in this volume; Loretta E. and Clarabelle were twins, born June 8, 1901, of whom Clarabelle died November 7, 1918, and Loretta is now taking a teacher's course in the University of Minnesota.

Alfred G. Peters, now engaged in operating the old Peters farm of 256 acres in section 11, West Albany Township, was born in Glasgow Township, this county, April 16, 1885, son of Peter and Eliza (Stohmann) Peters. His elementary education was obtained in the common school, and he was subse¬ quently graduated from the Lake City high school. In the fall of 1908 he went to the Minnesota Agricultural College, where he took a one-year course. For a number of years he was associated with his father in the cultivation and de¬ velopment of the home farm, which he carried on for his mother after the father's death in April, 1907, and of which he is now the owner. It is a fine property, with full equipment, and well stocked with high grade Aberdeen Angus cattle, Poland-China and Chester-White hogs, and merino sheep, each herd or flock having a full-blooded sire. Mr. Peters is successfully engaged in diversified farming and is enjoying a prosperous career, the result of industry and good management. He is also interested in the elevator and Shipping As¬ sociation at Theillman, and owns a five-passenger automobile. He was married October 18, 1911, to Mae, daughter of John E., and Nancy (McFarland) Brown of Glasgow Township, and he and his wife are the parents of one child, Corinne Loretta, born April 25, 1918.

Herman Passe, a representative farmer of Wabasha Township, who, since he came to America fifty years ago, has through continued industry, built up a fine home and estate, was born in Hanover, Germany, July 9, 1845, son of Gerhardt and Angela (Kosse) Passe. His parents being farmers, he was brought up to agricultural pursuits in his native land, being associated with his father - until 1870, when, at the age of 25 years, he came to the United States. Two of his brothers had preceded him to WAbasha County, Minn., and were living in Wabasha Township, and there he first directed his steps, arriving at Read's Landing, July 4. Mr. Passe easily found work as a farm hand and was thus employed until 1877. By that time he had saved some money and was ready to start in on his own account. Accordingly he purchased 100 acres in Pepin Township, of which 40 acres were improved, but there were no buildings. For a residence he built a small frame house, adding other structures as they were needed, his stable being built of logs. He grubbed and cleared more of the land and resided on that farm for fifteen years, and, in fact, still owns it. In 1892 he bought 135 acres adjoining in W^abasha Township, and moved his frame house onto his new property. Since then he has bought 100 acres in Pepin Township adjoining, and now has 335 acres. Of this, 230 acres is improved land, the rest being in pasture and timber. His improvements include the erection of a good two-story eight-room frame house, a bain, 36 by 80 b^ 16 feet, with stone basement and cement floors; a tile silo 16 by 30 feet, and other buildings. The house and other buildings are electrically lighted. As^ a gen¬ eral farmer and stock raiser Mr. Passe has met with much success. His farm is well stocked with high grade Shorthorn cattle, Poland-China hogs and Shrop- shire sheep. In its operation he is ably assisted by his sons August and Chris¬ tian. Politically he is a Republican and for some years served in school office, as clerk and treasurer of District No. 102. M*\ Passe was married, November 27, 1878, to Mary Anna Schuth, who was born in Hanover, Germany, November 1, 1859. She came to America alone at the age of 18 years after the death of her father, having already a sister here, and was followed by her mother a year later, in 1878. Mr. and Mrs. Passe have had eleven children, who were born as follows: Caroline M., June 7, 1880; Mary C., April 30, 1882; August, April 22, 1884; George, February 26, 1886; William A., January 22, 1888; John Ber¬ nard, April 8, 1891; Theresa F., October 5, 1892; Christian B., December 24, 1895; Lucy C., March 5, 1898; Herman C. and Frank H. (twins), February 9, 1903. Caroline is now the wife of J. J. Angelbeck, a farmer of Highland Township. Mary C., who married Joseph Suilmann of Pepin Township, died January 3, 1913. August and Christian, both of whom are as yet unmarried, are helping to operate the home farm. George is on a farm at Merrifield, Minn. William A., a farmer, is also residing at Merrifield. John Bernard is residing on the home farm, but owns a farm in Pepin Township. Theresa F. is a trained nurse, being a graduate of St. Raphael's Training School for Nurses at St. Cloud, in 1918, and of the Chicago Lying-in Hospital in 1919. Lucy C., who graduated from St. Felix high school in 1915, and from the Wabasha high school training department in 1916, is now a public school teacher. The twins, Herman C. and Frank H., are living on the home farm. Mr. Passe and his family are Catholic in religion and members of St. Felix parish at Wabasha.

Louis Sader, now living retired in the Village of Minneiska, after a long and successful career in agriculture, was born in Harrisburg, Pa., January 1, 1843, son of Barney and Mary Sader, who were both natives of that state. The family name is of German derivation and was originally spelled Soeder, the simpler spelling having been adopted to prevent mispronunciation. In the family of Barney and Mary Sader there were six children : George, Lena and Phillipine, who are now living in Baltimore; Dora, who died in New York state; Lena, a resident of Baltimore, and Louis, of Minneiska, Minn. All the living are advanced in years, and the fact that only one has died out of six gives evidence of a sound stock and healthful living. The removal of the family to Baltimore, Md., occurred at an early date, as it was there that the subject of this sketch attended school. Soon after he had reached his eighteenth birthday, the Civil War, long threatening, broke out. Baltimore was one of the hotbeds of secession, but young Louis Sader had no intention of aiding the cause of the Southern slaveholders. Instead, he enlisted in the First Maryland regi¬ ment of the Federal army, as private, and soon he found himself amid flying shot and shell on the field of the first battle of Bull Run. From a private he became a teamster, and at Nashville, Tenn., to which place he went from Wash¬ ington with his regiment, he was promoted to the position of wagon-master, and so continued until the end of his service. Then, having made up his mind to seek his fortune in the Northwest, he came to Wabasha County, Minn., and took a homestead of 160 acres in Watopa Township, which he started to improve. This work was performed under great difficulties, and at times amid privation, as he had little or no money, and it was several years before he could make a good living from his farm. Consequently he was often obliged to seek work from others to keep the wolf from the door, and on one occasion walked eight miles through snow three feet deep to get a job chopping v/ocd at 25 cents a day. Money was so scarce that it drew 20 per cent interest, there was little ci edit to be obtained, and people worked for anything they could get. After awhile Mr. Sader sold his first farm and bought another in the same township. He also married, and his sons and daughters, as they grew up, helped their parents to develop the farm into a valuable piece of property. There Mr. Sader remained until twelve years ago, retiring in 1907 and buying his present comfortable home in the Village of Minneiska, separated by only a short dis- tance from his former home. The year of Mr. Sader's marriage was 1867, and his bride was Angeline Cuvener, who was born in Prussia, Germany, January 1, 1842, or just one year to a day before her husband. She had come to America with her parents, Bernard and Elizabeth Cuvener, in May, 1864, the family settling in Wabasha County, this state. Here she met Mr. Sader, and they were made man and wife by Father Jacobus Trobec, in St. Felix Church, on December 14, in the year mentioned. Mrs. Sader was the eldest of her parents' family, the other children being: Maggie, now deceased; Annie, residing in Mankato, Minn.; and Katie, in Highland Township, Wabasha County. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Sader were as follows: Barney, born March 25, 1870, married Eda Card, has five sons, and is now residing in Plainview, Minn.; John, born July 6, 1872, is married and living in Canada; Elizabeth, born in Watopa Township, Wabasha County, November 18, 1873, married John Doyle and died in Weaver, this county, leaving one child; Margaret, born in Watopa Township, July 18, 1875, became the wife of John Kramer, and lives in Alba Township, Winona County, she has two sons; Gerharth, born in Watopa Town¬ ship, November 8, 1877, married Kate Doyle and resides in the township of his birth, he has one son and one daughter; Eva, the six and youngest child, was born in Watopa Township, November 8, 1882, she married R. G. Day and resides at Savannah, Ill., and has four daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Sader are spending the evening of life in comfortable ease, the result of their own industry, thrift and foresight, and are among the well known and respected people of the vil¬ lage in which for the last twelve years they have made their home. Both are well preserved and young looking for their years.

Evan C. Fremo, who for 46 years was a well known and respected citizen of Oakwood Township, where he was engaged in the farming industry, was born at Melhus, Thronjhem, Norway, March 20, 1841, and emigrated to this country in 1870, going first to Menomonie, Wis. After spending two years there he came to Minnesota, settling on the farm in Oakwood, which was his subsequent home until his death on April 6, 1918. Through industry and perseverance he built up a good farm of 218 acres located in sections 15 and 22, being assisted in its operation for a number of years by his nephew, Edwin S. Fremo, to whom he left the property. For several years he had been in poor health, and when the end came it was sudden, as he was found dead in bed on the morning of Saturday of April 6. Mr. Fremo was married in 1879 to Mrs. Sarah Olson, who died on February 28, 1900, and whom he had survived 18 years. Mr. Fremo left no children. His funeral services were held in the M. E. church in Oakwood, and he was laid to rest in the cemetery of that religious organization. He was a man highly esteemed and of large acquaintance throughout this part of the county. Besides his nephew above mentioned, he was survived by two brothers, Ole C. Fremo, of Hartland, Minn., and one who still resides in Nor¬ way; also two sisters, Miss Ellen Fremo, of Aberdeen, S. D., and Mrs. Christ Erickson, of Long Prairie, Minn.

Edwin S. Fremo, a representative farmer of Oakwood Township, operating 218 acres in sections 15 and 22, was born in Lake City, Wabasha County, Minn., and acquired his education in the district schools, and subsequently took up farming with his uncle, Evan C. Fremo, with whom he was associated until the latter's death on April 6, 1918, when he inherited his present farm, of which 160 acres lies in section 15 and 40 acres in section 22. He has made a number of improvements on the place, having erected barns and other buildings and built fences. He practices general farming but gives his chief attention to stock raising, breeding Durham cattle and Duroc-Jersey swine. Progressive and enterprising, he is a member of the Millville Co-operative Shipping Asso¬ ciation, and takes an active interest in all projects for the good of the general community. Mr. Fremo is as yet unmarried, his mother keeping house for him. Their religious affiliations are with the Swedish Lutheran church.

Peter Schafer, a well to do resident of Lake City, where he is living retired after a highly successful career as a farmer, was born in Coblenz, Germany,

November 1, 1864, son of John and Gertrude (Stromberg) Schafer. His parents were farmers, but seeking better opportunities for advancement than they had in their native land, they, in 1866, emigrated to Minnesota, settling in Goodhue County where they took land, developed a farm and became in time very pros¬ perous. John Schafer, the father, died on his farm there October 13, 1905. His widow is still residing there, and is now 87 years old, having been born May 1, 1833. They were the parents of six children: John, who resides in Goodhue County; Gertrude, who died in infancy; Peter, subject of this sketch; Anton, now living on the home farm in Goodhue County; Lena, the wife of A. A. Burkard, of Goodhue County; and Louis, who died in infancy. Peter Schafer ac¬ quired the elements of knowledge in the district school, and afterward for a short time attended the Winona Normal School. For eleven years subsequently he taught school in Goodhue and Wabasha counties, making his home with his parents until 28 years old. In 1893 he engaged in farming on his own account, buying 160 acres in section 10, Gillford Township. The place was improved and was known as the McCall farm. While residing there he improved it still further, erecting a good house, two barns, a granary, toolshed, hog-house, garage,' tile silo and workshop, also installing modern appliances such as a milking machine, and putting in an acetylene lighting system. He also bought more land until he now owns 320 acres all in one body, and stocked his farm with high-grade cattle, grade Shropshire sheep, and Poland-China swine. Mr. Schafer personally operated his farm until the fall of 1917, when he leased it to his son-in-law, Henry J. Abraham, and retired, since which time he has lived in Lake City, having a fine home at No. 511 Center street. Aside from his direct farming interests, Mr. Schafer became identified with various enterprises in Wabasha County and elsewhere, and is still interested therein. He was one of the organizers of the Oak Center Creamery Company, in which he is a stockholder, and at the time of his removal to Lake City was a member of the board of directors. He was an organizer and director of the Zumbro Falls Shipping Association; is a stockholder and has been secretary of the Farmers' Elevator of Lake City since its organization; is a stockholder of the Citizens Bank of Lake City ; also of the Frontenac State Bank of Frontenac, Goodhue County, being a member of the board of directors of the latter institution. He is also interested as a stockholder in the Rest Island Fox Farm, the Lake Pepin Co-operative Creamery of Lake City, and the Farmers Terminal Packing Co. of Newport. Another institution with which he was closely connected was the Gillford Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which he helped to organize, and of which he was secretary for 25 years. During his active career some part of his time was given to public affairs, as he served as town clerk for 21 years and was supervisor one term. In 1918 he was a candidate for the state senate, but was defeated by a small plurality. Mr. Schafer was married April 5, 1893, to Bertha M. Fitschen, who was born April 24, 1873, daughter of Claus and Marie Fitschen, of Goodhue County. Of this union four children were born: Gertrude M., December 23, 1893; Elmer L., April 2, 1895; Edna M., November 25, 1896; and Arleigh J., April 9, 1905. Gertrude M. is now Mrs. Orlin Rabe of Mt. Pleasant Township and has two sons, Merlin and Wilbert. Elmer L. met with an accidental death September 24, 1917. Edna M. married Henry J. Abraham of Gillford Township, and she and her husband are now living on Mr. Schafer's farm, which Mr. Abraham is operating. They have one child, Jean. Arleigh J. is a student in the Lake City high school. Mr. Schafer and his family are religiously affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal church.

Robert Sutter, a well known and respected citizen of Greenfield Township, who through enterprise and industry has made considerable progress on the road to prosperity, was born in the town of Alma, Buffalo County, Wis., Febru¬ ary 8, 1879. His parents, Peter and Elizabeth (Joss) Sutter, were natives of Switzerland, who came to the United States in the early sixties, settling in

Mr. And Mrs. James Barnes

Wisconsin, where they were engaged in agricultural pursuits until their death, the mother passing away October 16, 1902, and the father January 12, 1904. They were members of the Reformed church. Of their seven children Kath¬ erine, Margaret, Ursula, Mary, Andrew, Florian and Robert - one, Katherine, is now deceased. Robert Sutter was educated in the district school of the neighborhood in which he lived when a boy and in the Fountain City high school. When a young man he was engaged for several years in river work, and taught school in winter, until 1904. He then worked three years for the Minneapolis Brewing Co., and in 1907 began farming, buying 160 acres of land in Greenfield Township, Wabasha County, Minn., the place on which he now resides. Here he has erected a modern house, a good barn and other buildings, the lumber for which he sawed himself. He carries on general farming, raising good stock, and has taken rank among the successful farmers of his townsnip. In religion he is a German Lutheran. Mr. Sutter was married December 28, 1904, to Louisa Schurhammer, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George Schurhammer of Sand Prairie, Greenfield Township, this county. He and his wife are the parents of a son, Robert V., who was born September 29, 1905.

James Barnes, now living retired in the village of Millville, has been a resident of Wabasha County for nearly 60 years. He was born in County Armagh, Ireland, February 5, 1839, son of Robert and Isabelle Barnes, who were natives of that country, where they died. There James attended the common school, and remained until he was 17 years old, when he came to the United States, being the only member of his family to do so. After arriving in this country he spent 18 months in New Jersey, and from that state went io Livingston County, N. Y., where, until 1861, he was engaged in farming. He was married there in 1861, to Catherine Shannon, daughter of Alexander and Mary Shannon, natives of Ireland, and in April, that year, he came with his wife to Wabasha County, Minn. From Reed's Landing they struck out for Hyde Park Township, where they bought a farm of 125 acres, or rather, a tract of land covered with timber, on which he began improvements by erecting a log house. The Indians were numerous but gave them no trouble, and Mr. Barnes worked early and late in clearing his land and developing a farm, gradually erecting all necessary buildings, and also in time buying an addi¬ tional tract of 75 acres, so that he finally found hmiself in possession of a good 200-acre farm. There he carried on general farming and stockraising, with the assistance of his sons, and in particular, of his son, Francis, until 1917, when he retired and moved to Millville. During his active career he served in various town offices, being for some time chairman of the town board, assessor, and school director of his district. He and his family are members of the Catholic church. Mr. and Mrs. Barnes have had a family of nine chil¬ dren, eight sons and one daughter, namely: John, Francis, Alexander, James, Arthur, Robert, Henry, William and Isabelle. James, Arthur and John are now deceased. Two of the sons are in Canada, one in Bemidji, Minn., and one in Minneapolis. Isabelle married William McGuigan and resides in Butte, Mont. She has one child, a daughter. Francis Barnes, who was born on the home farm in Hyde Park Township in 1864, was associated in agricultural work with his father until 1917, when he, too, moved to Millville, where he is now living. He was educated in the district school, and like the other members of the family, belongs to the Catholic church. He lives with his father, the household being presided over by Grace Bush, a cousin, whose parents are both deceased.

August John Wilde, a well known farmer residing in section 20, West Albany Township, was born in Oben-Schleisswig, Germany, December 11, 1851, son of Johann and Bertha Wilde. The father was a carpenter and contractor, and neither he nor his wife ever came to America. August received his schooling in Germany. It was in the year 1880 that he came to Wabasha County, Minn., locating in West Albany Township. For four years he worked as a farm hand. Later he spent 13 years in railroad work, being nine years on the Millville Division of the C. M. & St. P., as foreman of the steel gang, and four years on the Chippewa line as foreman of a section gang. In 1893 he bought 120 acres in section 20, West Albany Township, the property being little improved, but having a log house and some other buildings. It was not until 1893, however, that he took up his residence on this farm, on which he built a frame house. He has now 61 acres of the land under cultivation, the rest being in pasture. He is carrying on general farming, and making 'sub¬ stantial progress. The farm is eleven miles from Lake City. Mr. Wilde was married December 28, 1884, to Rose Rother, of West Albany Township. He and his wife have been the parents of eleven children: Mary, now Mrs. John Prebe of West Albany Township; Clara, wife of Arthur Herbst of the same township; Elizabeth, wife of Otto Sander, of Glasgow Township; Carrie, re¬ siding at home; Bertha, now Mrs. Ed Schwartz of Highland Park Township; Frank, a worker, residing at home; Elsie, now Mrs Fred Murray of Minneap¬ olis; William, Margaret and Louisa, who are at home; and Ella, who is de¬ ceased. Politically Mr. Wilde is a Non-Partisan. He and his family are Cath¬ olics in religion, belonging to the West Albany congregation.

Henry E. Wempner, for a number of years a well known and successful farmer of Oakwood Township, but now deceased, was born in Glasgow Town¬ ship, Wabasha County, Minn., December 6, 1866, son of Ernest and Catherine (Clemenhager) Wempner. He was educated in the rural schools and remained on his parents' farm until the age of 22 years, at which time he started out for himself, renting a farm in Plainview Township, which he operated until 1895 He then bought a farm of 120 acres in section 25, Oakwood Township, on which were few improvements, and which he supplied with a good set of buildings, including a house and barn, besides fencing the entire farm. In 1917 Mr. Wempner built a fine, modern house of tile and stucco, containing eight rooms and bath, and installed with a water system. He continued profitably engaged in general farming until his death on November 5, 1915. For some time pre¬ vious to his demise he had served as school officer, and was a man with a good reputation as husband, father, neighbor and citizen. He was a member of the Lutheran church, to which his family belong. Mr. Wempner was married June 11, 1889, to Catherine Zell, who was born in Penin Townshin Ppnin he worked during his vacations for the Jewell Nursery Co., and at the age of 17 was in charge of their hot houses. He has worked "under glass" ever since, and today has charge of their large greenhouses. He is widely known throughout the city and highly respected. For two terms he served as a member of the city school board. In politics he has always been a Republican, while he affiliates with and helps to support the Swedish Baptist church, though not a member. He belongs to the Masonic order, in which he has advanced as far as the Commandery, and was master in the Blue Lodge for two years, and high priest in the Chapter, also for two years. His other fraternal affiliations are with the Modern Woodmen of America and the Independent Order of Foresters. Mr. Nordine was married October 7, 1903, to Marie Olson, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Nels Olson of Stockholm, Wis., where she was born July 22, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. Nordine have reared seven children: Roy M., born September 30, 1905; Grace M., June 15, 1908; Carl F., October 30, 1910; Margaret R., June 27, 1909; Donald E., January 15, 1912; James, January 30, 1913; and Marion, June 17, 1914. The two eldest children, Roy and Grace, are pupils in the Lake City high school, and Carl in the grammar school. Mr. Nordine has two brothers and two sisters living: Louis, of Moline, Ill.; Martha (Mrs. P. Alfred Peter¬ son), of Brainerd, Minn.; Edith and Paul, who are residing at home with their parents.

Robert G. Smith, formerly a prominent farmer and dairyman of Plainview, but now living retired in Rochester, Minn., is a native of this county, having been born in Plainview Village, August 23, 1884, son of Myron and Lucy B. (Butts) Smith. From the age of three years he lived with his grandparents, subsequently attended school in Plainview village, and was well trained in agriculture, finally becoming manager of his grandfather's farm of 400 acres in sections 18 and 19. He finally sold 320 acres, retaining the home place of 80 acres in the city limits. He also entered into the dairy business and estab¬ lished one of the first milk wagon routes in the Village of Plainview. On Octo¬ ber 17, 1918, Mr. Smith retired and moved to Rochester, where he has a beauti¬ ful home at No. 1304 First Street, S. W. He was married January 22, 1903, to Iva M. Rittenhouse, and they have been the parents of two children: Yulee L., born May 9, 1904, who died November 11, 1917; and Howard H., born August 7, 1905, who is now attending school at Rochester, Minn. Mr. Smith is fra¬ ternally affiliated with the Masons and Modern Woodmen of America. He and his family attend the Methodist Episcopal church.

James J. Butts, one of the pioneers of Plainview Township, who left a fine record as a farmer and public spirited citizen, being, among other things a bene¬ factor of the Village of Plainview, was born in Brookfield, Ohio, July 28, 1828, son of Jonathan and Eleanor (Brannon) Butts. He was educated in the dis¬ trict schools of his native town, and remained in that locality until the winter of 1856-57, when he came to Wabasha County, Minn., as a pioneer, taking a claim now known as the Feigert farm in section 6, Plainview Township. It con¬ tained 160 acres and he proved it up in 1860. On it he erected a house, barn and outbuildings and started to develop a farm, with the help of oxen. To ob¬ tain his first team of oxen he traded his gold watch, together with $40 in cash, as he had not enough money to pay for them. Industrious and persevering, he made good progress and watched every opportunity to better his condition. After awhile he sold the 160 acres which he had proved up and bought the Hugh Wiley farm of the same area. Later he also purchased 320 acres in sections 18 and 19, Plainview Township, making a total of 480 acres of which he found him¬ self the owner. A part of his property included the site of the present Plainview cemeteries, and this he finally sold. Later he sold the rest of his property except 52 acres in the village of Plainview, which he deeded to his grandson, Robert J. Smith. Mr. Butts was a highly enterprising and successful man, and his success was well merited, for he worked not alone for himself but for others. He was ever ready to take part in charitable work, to help his neighbors, and to comfort and aid the sick. He planted the large tree that now stands in front of the parsonage of the Christian church in Plainview Village, and deeded to the village the land on which the high school stands, with the stipulation that it should be used only as the site for a school. In addition to the tree above men¬ tioned, he also planted many others in and around the village, which have since grown to be fine large shade trees, useful and ornamental. He was physically strong and active, and on one January day, between sunrise and sunset he cut nine and a quarter cords of wood, a feat rarely, if ever, equalled. Universally respected and esteemed, he lived the life of an exemplary man and citizen, and his death on May 15, 1916, was an event deplored by the entire community. Mr. Butts was married in 1852 to Dorcas A. Aldeman, and they were the parents of two children : Lucy B., born March 28, 1853, who is the wife of Myron Smith, of Huron, S. D.; and Addie L., born March 24, 1863, who is the wife of John Doherty of the same place. Mr. Butts' religious affiliations were with the Chris¬ tian church of Plainview. He belonged to the Odd Fellows' lodge in Plainview, of which he was a charter member. His wife Dorcas Butts was a woman of rare business ability and of many womanly virtues, a good wife and neighbor, and a great helpmeet to her husband and family. She died in 1910 and her death was mourned by her large circle of friends.

Henry Wohlers, a Minnesota pioneer, several of whose children are now residents in Wabasha County, well known and respected, was born in Hanover, Germany, January 7, 1835. He had a common school education and remained in his native land until 1854, wThen he joined the tide of emigration to the United States. At Castle Garden, N. Y., the landing-place of immigrants, he paid out the last dollar in his possession, but fortunately he had a ticket to Buffalo, N. Y., where he had a brother living, who was a wagonmaker, and who gave him employment. There he remained until the spring of 1860, when he came west to Hay Creek Township, Goodhue County, Minnesota, accompanied by his wife, for he had been married at Williamsville, Erie County, N. Y., to Dorothy Frederick. In the township above mentioned Mr. Wohlers bought 160 acres of land, of which but three acres had been broken, and set to work to develop a farm, building a log shack and starting work on the land with an ox team in the usual pioneer style. The country was very thinly settled and Red Wing was his nearest market. After making some improvements on that farm, Mr. Wohlers sold it for $872, and bought 160 acres in section 7, Mt. Pleasant Town¬ ship, Wabasha County. There were no buildings, but ten acres of the land had been broken. Here Mr. Wohlers made his permanent home, developed the land and erected a good set of buildings, and here he is still living, having now passed his eighty-fifth birthday. He long ago retired from active work, selling the farm to his son, William John. His wife died October 1, 1896, and his un¬ married daughter, Christine, now keeps house for him. The children born to him were as follows: Mary, now Mrs. James Baker of Ellsworth, Wis.; John, of Mt. Pleasant Township; Louisa, wife of Harvey Roper of Frontenac, Goodhue County; Henry of Mt. Pleasant Township; William John, who now owns and operates the old home farm; Fred, of Goodhue County; Catherine, now Mrs. John Breuer, of Goodhue County; Christine, living on the old home farm; Charles, of Dumont, Minn.; Albert, of Mt. Pleasant Township; Recka, now Mrs. August Plote of the same township, and two other daughters now deceased. While the Civil War was in progress Mr. Wohlers was twice drafted, and on the first occasion paid for a substitute; on the second occasion he was excused on account of being one beyond the number called for, so he saw no military serv¬ ice. He has always been a Republican in politics, and during his active career served his township in various offices. He was for some years a member of the school board. He is a member of the Lutheran congregation at Belvidere, Goodhue County.

Albert Richard R. Wohlers, who is successfully engaged in general farm¬ ing in section 8, Mt. Pleasant Township, was born in section 7, this township,

April 6, 1883, son of Henry and Dorothy Wohlers. His parents were pioneer farmers in this region, and there was plenty of work for all their children to do, so Albert attended school only until the age of twelve years. Then, as the money he could earn was more useful than the labor he could perform on the home farm, he began working out, his wages going to his father until he was 21. He earned his own living as a farm hand and in handling horses, both here and elsewhere, traveling about from place to place. In 1916 he began farming for himself buying 160 acres in section 8, Mt. Pleasant Township. The land was good and all broken, but there were very poor buildings. This defect he has since remedied, rebuilding the barn, and making other substantial im¬ provements, including the erection, in 1919, of a modern, ten-room frame house, equipped with furnace, bath-room and electric lights. He has good herds of cattle and swine, breeding registered Hampshire hogs, and improving his stock with full-blooded sires, and is doing an excellent business as a general farmer and stock raiser. He is a Republican in politics and a Lutheran in religion. Mr. Wohlers was married, March 8, 1919, to Bertha G. Witter stetter, daughter of Adam and Janet (Hoffman) Witterstetter. She was born at Ackerville, Washington County, Wis., January 28, 1887, was educated in the public schools and at a Milwaukee business college, and for 15 years was clerk with the East¬ man Kodak Company of Rochester, N. Y., serving in their Milwaukee office. Mr. and Mrs. Wohlers are well known and popular members of society in Mt. Pleas¬ ant Township and the vicinity.

Henry Wehrs, Jr., an enterprising young farmer of Elgin Township, who has made a good start on the road to prosperity, was born in La Crosse County, Wis., February 4, 1897, son of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Wehrs. As a young boy he accompanied his parents to Elgin Township, Wabasha County, and was here educated in the district school. Until the age of 22 years he worked on his parents' farm, and then in 1919 rented his present farm, near Elgin Village, of Charles Tradups. Here he is profitably engaged in general farming and stock raising, of which he has a competent knowledge, and through his industry is reaping good financial returns. His parents, who were born in Posen, Ger¬ many, came to this country in 1844, settling in Wisconsin, where they lived for a number of years, later removing to Elgin Township, Wabasha County, Minn., where they still reside. Henry was the second born of their children, the list being: John, Henry, Clara, George, Fred, Bernard, Rose, Mary, Raymond and Wilbert. On February 12, 1920, Henry Wehrs was united in marriage with Nora Schacht, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Schacht. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church.

Edgar R. Holzer, who is obtaining good financial results from the ener¬ getic cultivation of a farm of 160 acres in section 2, Elgin Township, was born in Oakwood Township, Wabasha County, Minn., in December, 1884, son of Adolph and Chloe (Marshall) Holzer. He was educated in the school of his district in Oakwood Township, and subsequently until 1905 worked for his father. He then rented 280 acres of the home farm, which he operated as a general farmer for two years. After that he took a farm of 120 acres in Oakwood Township, which he operated under rental for a year, at the end of that time coming to his present place, which also he rented. In section 1 he intends to make his home for the future. He has begun a series of improvements, having erected a fine basement barn, 38 by 76 feet, the erection of a house being planned by him for next year. He was married November 20, 1907, to Catherine Harlan, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Harlan. The issue of this marriage is five children: Byrl A., born August 17, 1909; Eunice M., December 25, 1910; Ruth R., May 25, 1912; Harlan M., October 8, 1914; and Thomas E., January 20, 1919.

William H. Kottschade, who is operating a farm of 200 acres, 160 of which lies in Oakwood and the other 40 in Highland Township, was born in Oak Ridge, Winona County, May 5, 1881, son of Gottlieb and Theresa (Kressin)

Kottschade. The father was a native of Germany who came to this country when a year and a half old, while the mother was born in Cedarburg, Wis. After their marriage in Winona, Minn., they located on a farm of 80 acres on Oak Ridge, Mt. Vernon Township, Winona County, on which they remained until 1889. They then sold it and bought 240 acres in Glasgow Township, Wabasha County, where Gottlieb Kottschade is still engaged in farming. Wil¬ liam Kottschade in his boyhood attended public school on Oak Ridge. Until reaching the age of 33 years he lived at home, working out and helping his father, and then moved on to his present farm, which he is operating suc¬ cessfully, keeping grade cattle and swine, and raising the usual crops to good advantage and with profitable results. In 1918 he erected a modern stucco house of eight rooms and bath, and he has remodeled and repainted his barn, and made other general improvements. Wideawake and enterprising, he has joined the Farmers' Shipping Association and the Equitable Fraternal Union at Thielman. On November 25, 1919, Mr. Kottschade was united in marriage with May Schones, who was born September 22, daughter of George Schones of Oakwood.

Herman Brunkow, whose untimely death at the age of 36 years deprived West Albany Township of one of its rising young farmers, was born in Gillford Township, Wabasha County, Minn., October 8, 1882, son of William and Fred¬ erica (Schuman) Brunkow. The parents were natives of Germany who settled in Gillford Township at an early day, and there the father died when the sub¬ ject of this sketch was eleven years old, leaving his wife with nine children, all of whom grew up and married, and all of whom are now living but Herman. The survivors are: Matilda, now Mrs. Fred Pruder, residing on the old home farm in Gillford Township; Amelia, wife of Arthur French of Oak Center, this county; Ferdinand, of Hyde Park Township; Ida, now Mrs. Claus Heintz, living near Zumbro Falls; Elsie, wife of John Holst of Ryder, N. D.; Emma, now Mrs. Fred Holst, of Ryder, N. D.; and Henry, a resident of the same place. After her husband's death, Mrs. William Brunkow re-married and is now Mrs. Claus Holst of Lake City, Minn. Herman Brunkow was educated in the district school and remained on his parents' farm until his marriage on November 7, 1908, to Clara, daughter of John and Sophia (Horning) Danckwart, of West Albany Township. The young couple began housekeeping on a farm of 80 acres, near the old home on Oak Ridge, which Mr. Brunkow had previously purchased, and on which he erected a good set of buildings. He also worked 160 acres adjoining, and made good financial progress. In 1910 he sold the 80-acre farm and bought the John Burfeind farm of 160 acres in section 3, to which he and his family moved. It was provided with a comfortable house and other buildings, but he also erected others, including a frame barn, 32 by 60 by 16 feet in size, with full basement. He had a good operating equipment, and his stock was well kept, while his standing in the community was that of a prosperous and successful farmer, with bright future prospects. But man proposes and God disposes, and death called him from earth on January 15, 1919. He left his family in good circumstances, and his wife, who was born September 25, 1884, is now operating the farm. She has also succeeded her husband in the office of clerk of the school board, which he held at the time of his death. Three children were born to them: John William, November 21, 1913; William Frederick, January 20, 1916; and Edward James, January 14, 1918. The family are members of St. John's Lutheran congregation at Lake City.

Albert W. Ritzenthaler, an active and respected citizen of Elgin Township, who has had an extended industrial experience in various localities, was born at North Freedom, Sauk County, Wis., March 1, 1880, son of Jacob and Salome (Steinger) Ritzenthaler. He was educated in the school of his native district and resided on his parents' farm at North Freedom until 1902. He then came to Olmsted County, Minn., and for eight months was employed on the farm of

Herman Brunkow Henry We Scott Morgan

Bradley Sawyer, of Viola Township. Then returning to North Freedom, he worked at home until the fall of 1903. He now directed his steps southward as far as the Gulf of Mexico, and after visiting several southern states, re¬ turned home again. In 1906 he set off in a different direction, going to Edmon¬ ton, Alberta, Canada, where he was employed for a time in brick yards. From there he went to Cass County, N. D., where he was engaged in farm labor until his return to North Freedom, where he remained until 1913. The summer of 1916, Mr. Ritzenthaler raised one acre of tobacco and twelve acres of grain and potatoes in Dane County, Wis. The next winter he worked in the pineries in Sawyer County, that state, and after that spent his time at North Freedom until 1919. Then coming to Elgin Township, Wabasha County, he took charge of a large maple sugar orchard on the Orchard Hill farm, now owned by E. W. Graves, in which occupation he is still engaged, being an expert sugar maker. Mr. Ritzenthaler's parents are both deceased, the father having died in North Freedom, Wis., when his son, Albert was two years old, so of him he has no memory. The mother resided at North Freedom until her death on January 4, 1915. Mr. Ritzenthaler has six brothers and three sisters, all in this country, the brothers being: Jacob, of Milwaukee, Wis.; George, of Baraboo, Wis.; Fred, of North Freedom, Wis.; Louis, a dentist in Milwaukee; Edward, of Reedsburg, Wis.; and Will, of Seattle, Wash. The sisters are: Sophia, now Mrs. E. W. Langdon, of Baraboo, Wis.; Carrie, wife of F. J. Ballone, of North Freedom, Wis.; and Emma, now Mrs. F. Templie of Baraboo, Wis.

George Timm, a well known and respected citizen of Elgin Township, who is proving a factor in its agricultural development, was born in Plainview Township, Wabasha County, Minn., January 21, 1893, son of Adolph and Mary Timm. He was educated in the Plainview village school, and subsequently worked on farms near Plainview until 1916, in which year he rented a farm east of the village, which he operated for two years. In 1918 he rented his present farm of 160 acres in section 10, Elgin Township, where, in addition to raising crops and stock, he is doing some truck farming. On January 26, 1915, Mr. Timm was united in marriage with Charlotte Hilton, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Amos Hilton, and of this union three children have been born: Madonna M., December 8, 1915; Dorothy E., August 18, 1917; and Franklin G., January 9, 1919. The religious affiliations of the Timm family are with the German Lutheran church.

Edward Schad, a well known citizen of Plainview Township, where he is engaged in farming and the raising of garden truck, was born in Highland Township, Wabasha County, Minn., July 1, 1888, son of Christian and Cecelia (Ruffs) Schad. He acquired his elementary education in the district schools of Highland and Plainview townships, and subsequently St. Johns University and the Mankato Business College, being graduated from the last mentioned institution in 1908. Afterwards, until 1914, he worked for his father on the home farm in sections 19 and 20, Plainview Township. He then started in for himself, buying his present farm of 60 acres in section 29, Plainview Town¬ ship, which he has improved by the erection of a new residence, chicken house and out-buildings. Besides raising the usual farm crops, including garden produce, he breeds some hogs and cattle, and is making good progress finan¬ cially. Mr. Schad was married in September, 1912, to Celeste Melvin, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Melvin, and he and his wife have four children: Harold E., born September 25, 1914; Leona C., born July 4, 1916; Melvin J., born August 17, 1918; and Josephine Agnes, born August 2, 1920. Mr. Schad and his family are members of the Catholic church, and he also belongs to the Knights of Columbus and the Catholic Order of Foresters.

Henry Westcott Morgan, who for over 32 years was one of the ablest members of the legal profession in Lake City, was born near Camden, N. J., May 1, 1850, son of Hiram and Sarah (Llewellyn) Morgan. Of his parents' five children the only one now living is Anna, who resides in New Jersey, the widow of Albert Sweaton. Henry W. Morgan was given good educational advantages, first attending school at Blackwood, then taking a preparatory course at Lewisburg, Pa., and further pursuing his studies at Bridgeton and Lawrenceville, N. J. Having decided to embrace the legal profession, he read law in the office of Furman Shepard of Philadelphia, and J. W. Morgan, a cousin, at Camden, N. J. After being admitted to the bar, he practiced several years in New Jersey, and was there married, April 1, 1884, to Mary Kelly, daughter of Patrick and Martha (Lawson) Kelly of Central Point. In the same year he came west and settled in Lake City, Minn., opening an office for the practice of law. Here he was highly successful and in time accumulated a competency. He was recognized as one of Lake City's leading citizens, and, as a Democrat, was active in politics, though holding no office, except that at one time he served as a member of the school board. He was a heavy holder of city and farm reality, and as a business man was noted for his honesty and candor. In early life he had been a member of an engineering corps and had helped to build a railroad from Amboy to Camden, N. J., besides two other lines. His death, which occurred June 13, 1918, as the result of paralysis, was an event which caused deep sorrow in the community. To his widow he left a comfortable home on North High street, where she is now residing. She also owns the old farm of her parents in Hyde Park Township. Mr. Morgan was reared a Baptist , but was not affiliated here with any church. To him and his wife were born three sons: Hiram, November 27, 1887; Matthew P. Kelly, March 11, 1894; and Alexander, September 4, 1897. Hiram, who is now living in Los Angeles, Calif., married Dorothy Maby of Lake City, in November, 1914, and they have one child, George Lawton. Matthew P. Kelly died unmarried March 27, 1920. He was drafted for the World War but was rejected on account of physical disability. Alexander is employed at the revenue office at St. Paul, but makes his home with his mother in Lake City.

Patrick Kelly, a noted pioneer of Wabasha County, for many years a resi¬ dent of Hyde Park Township, was born in County Armagh, Ireland, about 1803. He came to the United States a single man about 1846, locating in Philadelphia. In 1855 he married Martha Lawson of New Jersey, who was born in County Donegal, Ireland, September 13, 1816. With her and their first born child, Mary L., he came in the early spring of 1857 to Wabasha County, Minn., travel¬ ing by rail to Dubuque, Iowa, and then up the river by boat to Read's Landing. Thence they journeyed to Hyde Park Township, which at that time was only a wilderness. The land which they took was almost entirely wild, only half an acre having been broken, and Mr. Kelly began improvements by building a small log house. From that time on, though suffering the usual hardships of pioneer life, he and his family made gradual progress, and in time he found himself the owner of one of the good farms in that section. He erected sub¬ stantial buildings, the sills and timbers of his barn being of oak and walnut. To his original tract of 160 acres he added 40 more, and was engaged in farming there until 1876, when, having accumulated a competency, he retired at the age of 73 years to Central Point, a part of Lake City, where he built a fine brick residence. Politically Mr. Kelly was a Democrat, and for a number of years served as town clerk of Hyde Park, though in his youth he had received but little education. His wife, however, was an accomplished scholar. The latter was the first to pass away, her life coming to a close on August 1, 1898. Mr. Kelly survived her somewhat less than five years, dying May 12, 1903, at the remarkable age of 100 years. During his entire career he never suffered from sickness, but fell a victim at last to old age. He was noted as a man of integ¬ rity &nd was a staunch Catholic. Mrs. Kelly was reared a Presbyterian. They now rest side by side in the Lakewood cemetery at Lake City. They had but two children: Mary L., born December 9, 1856, who is the widow of Henry W. Morgan; and George M., born January 7, 1860, who died in childhood.

James McGuigan, formerly a farmer in Oakwood Township, and later a well known merchant in Millville, was born at Shullsburg, Wis., son of Patrick and Sarah McGuigan, who were natives of Ireland, which country the mother left when nine years old. They were married at Galena, Ill., and came to Wabasha County, Minn., in 1856, settling on 160 acres of land in Oakwood Township, which they later homesteaded, and where Patrick McGuigan died in 1886. James was reared on that farm, on which he worked until his mar¬ riage, when his father bought him an 80-acre farm. His wife, Julia Lynch McGuigan, was born near Milwaukee, Wis. They resided on the farm until 1882, but in 1880 he, with his brother, J. F. McGuigan, started a store in Mill¬ ville, of which he was one of the proprietors until his death in 1893. His wife survived him until February, 1917. They had seven children, all of whom are now living: Mary, wife of William Kiley of Millville; Thomas W., a mer¬ chant of Millville; Clara, wife of Casper Verhalen of Milwaukee; Ellen, wife of P. J. Cosgrove, a banker of Millville; Sarah, wife of William Keough; Fran¬ cis, manager of his brother Thomas' store in Millville; and Joseph, who was in the U. S. service during the recent war with Germany, having the rank of second lieutenant, and being stationed at Washington, D. C., and who is now in the employ of the United States shipping board.

Thomas W. McGuigan, a prosperous merchant and representative citizen of Millville, was born in Oakwood Township, April 12, 1872, son of James and Julia (Lynch) McGuigan. He acquired a good education, attending first the district school, then the Lake City high school, and subsequently the Winona normal school. He then became a teacher, which occupation he followed until the death of his father in 1893, when he took charge of the latter's store. One year later, on May 1, 1894, he sold a half interest to his uncle, and on May 1, 1895, he started a general store on his own account, which he still continues to operate. By close attention to business, honest dealing, and courteous atten¬ tion to customers, he has built up an excellent trade. In 1894 he began to buy grain in Millville and for 25 years was proprietor of an elevator, which, how¬ ever, he sold to the Co-operative Grain and Shipping Association in July, 1919. He has done his part in promoting the interests of the village and for four years served as village treasurer. He is a member of the Catholic church, the Knights of Columbus, Red Men and Woodmen, and is a man who has a wide circle of friends and acquaintances.

Edgar W. Putnam, who owns and operates a farm of 160 acres in section 21, Elgin Township, was born in Whitewater Township, Winona County, Minn., February 19, 1874, son of Charles and Hattie (Irwin) Putnam. He was edu¬ cated in a district school in Glendale Valley, and his early years were spent on his parents' farm. In 1894 he began to learn the trade of wagon-maker, at which he worked until 1898, when he went back to the home farm and remained there until 1907. In the latter year he bought his present farm of 160 acres in section 21, Elgin Township. He has improved this place by the erection of a new barn, a silo and out-buildings, and has also a very comfortable residence. His farm is one of the best of its size in the township, and Mr. Putnam is numbered among the township's enterprising and prosperous citizens. He is a member of the local Masonic Lodge and of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Putnam was united in marriage August 14, 1907, to Lelia Crawford, and he and his wife are the parents of four children: Arva M., born May 18, 1908; Ray E., December 24, 1909; Hawley R., December 9, 1912; and Leslie M., January 1, 1914.

Hans Peters, who is successfully operating a farm of 240 acres, two-thirds of which lies in Elgin Township, was born in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, April 7, 1872, son of John and Dorothy Peters. He was educated in his native land, where he remained until arriving at the age of 18 years. Then, in 1890, he came to the United States, locating first in Boone County, Iowa, where he worked on farms until 1897. In the latter year he rented a farm of 320 acres in Dickinson County, Iowa, and was engaged in general farming and stock raising there for three years. In 1903 he sold his place and going to Colorado, bought 320 acres there, which he subsequently sold. His next venture was the purchase of a 160-acre farm in Iowa, on which he resided for a year. After that he lived in North Dakota until 1916, in which year he came to Wabasha County, Minn., and bought his present farm of 240 acres, 160 acres of which lie in Elgin Township, and 80 acres in section 31, Olmsted County. In 1918 he built a new barn, 32 by 72 feet, also a fine house and out-buildings. As a general farmer and stock raiser he is making good progress, and is one of the representative citizens of his township. He was married June 13, 1896, to Anna Ficken, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Gerhardt Ficken. To him and his wife five children have been born: John H., October 27, 1897; Louise Isabel, August 24, 1899; Rudie and Prudie (twins), April 27, 1902; and Lily, July 7, 1912. Mr. Peters and his family are members of the German Lutheran church.

Joseph A. Kennebeck, who for 17 years held a recognized place among the industrious and successful farmers of Greenfield Township, was born in Wis¬ consin, March 19, 1868, son of Bernard and Mary (Ramer) Kennebeck. The parents were natives of Germany who came to America in the early fifties, set¬ tling in Wisconsin. Later they came to Wabasha County, Minn., locating in Wabasha Township. There Bernard Kennebeck died, being survived by his wife, who is now living in Wabasha City. They were members of the Catho¬ lic church. Their family numbered 13 children, namely, Herman, Anthony, Theodore, Bernard, Charles, John, George, Joseph, Katherine, Caroline, Mary, Elizabeth and Anna, of whom Joseph and Anna are now deceased. Joseph A. Kennebeck's educational opportunities were confined to the district school, which he attended for the usual period. After beginning industrial life he worked for his father a number of years and then for several years did mis¬ cellaneous farm labor. In 1896 he began farming for himself, buying 200 acres in section 34, Greenfield Township, making improvements on the farm by the erection of a barn, and engaging in general farming and stock raising. In 1909 he sold that farm and bought one of 160 acres in section 28, Greenfield Township. This place also he improved, erecting a barn, garage and silo, build¬ ing fences and doing repair work. He continued in agricultural work here until his death, April 2, 1913, when Greenfield Township lost one of its sterling and respected citizens. In religion Mr. Kennebeck was a Catholic. He was married April 14, 1896, to Margaret Pulles, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Michael Pulles. Her parents came from Germany to America in the early sixties, and were engaged in farming in Glasgow Township, this county, until the death of Mr. Pulles on October 12, 1918. Mrs. Pulles is now residing in Wabasha. Their children were Frank, Martin, Andrew, John (first), John (second), Kath¬ erine, Margaret, Theresa and Helen. Of these the first named John died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Kennebeck became the parents of eight children: Louis M., born May 20, 1897; Lavina H., September 17, 1898; Cecelia K., June 4, 1899, (died July 31, 1900) ; Amelia M., born April 6, 1902; Martin J., October 8, 1903; Viola T., November 15, 1905; Marsella E., May 3, 1908; and Lucille M., Decem¬ ber 2, 1910. Mrs. Kennebeck still operates the home farm, which is a nice agri¬ cultural property. She and her family are widely known, having many friends throughout this part of the county.

John H. Dubbels, who is successfully engaged in general farming and stock raising in Elgin Township, Wabasha County, was born in Viola Township, Olmsted County, April 13, 1884, son of John and Mary Dubbels. John Dub¬ bels, the father, was born in Hanover, Germany, May 15, 1846. He was edu¬ cated in his native land and came to the United States in 1864, settling in Viola Township, Olmsted County, Minn., where in the following year he bought 80 acres of land. Later he bought another tract of 150 acres, fenced his land, elected buildings, and developed a good farm, on which he carried on agricul¬ ture and stock raising until 1919. He then sold the farm to his son Charles and moved to Elgin Village. On April 21, 1875, he was married to Mary E. Bierbaum, who was the first white child born in Viola Township, Olmsted

Joseph A. Kennebeck And Family

County. They became the parents of eight children, Carl, Mary, Anna, Eliza¬ beth, John H., Joe, Charles and Elsie. John H. Dubbels in his boyhood at¬ tended district school in Viola Township, Olmsted County. He worked for his father until 1909, then he and his brother Joe bought 820 acres of land in Mor¬ rison County, Minnesota, where he did general farming until 1917, when they sold the land. In 1917 John H. bought 200 acres in section 18, Elgin Township, which he sold after residing on it three years. In 1919 he bought his present farm of 280 acres in sections 30 and 31, Elgin Township, on which he is carry¬ ing on general farming and stock raising with profitable results. He keeps Holstein cattle, with full-blooded sires, and a high grade of hogs. Mr. Dub¬ bels was married September 2, 1909, to Alma Tradup, and he and his wife have four children: John A., born September 6, 1910; Gerald M., September 16, 1911; Melvin C., May 20, 1915, and Genevieve E., March 18, 1918. The family are united in membership with the Lutheran church.

Edward J. Deming, one of the younger farmers of Oakwood Township who is making good progress, was born in this township, November 1, 1891, son of Frank and Margaret (Knoll) Deming. He was educated in the district school and in the public school at Plainview, which he attended for three years, aqd remained with his parents on the home farm until 1916, after which he rented the farm until the fall of 1919. He then bought his present farm of 120 acres in sections 25 and 26. At the same time he began improvements on it by erect¬ ing a new modern eight-room house, and sinking a well, and he now has under construction a new barn 34 by 60 feet, with a full basement and modern equip¬ ment, also a brick garage. He is carrying on diversified farming and stock raising very successfully, keeping Shorthorn cattle and Duroc-Jersey hogs, and is a member of the local Shipping Association and the Co-operative Creamery. In religion he is a Catholic and fraternally a member of the Knights of Colum¬ bus. Mr. Deming was married November 8, 1917, to Florence Olson, who was born in Elgin Township, daughter of Swen and Carrie (Johnson) Olson.

Frank Diming, Jr., who is engaged in mixed farming, including stock rais¬ ing and truck farming, in Elgin Township, is a native of Wabasha County, having been born in the City of Wabasha, December 8, 1881, son of Frank and Margaret (Knoll) Diming. He acquired his education in a district school in Oakwood Township, this county, and was trained to agricultural pursuits on his parents' farm, working for his father until 1907. He then rented his present place, a farm of 120 acres in sections 11 and 12, Elgin Township, which he bought in 1911. He has improved the farm by repairing the house and buildings, and has also built a garage. His operations have been industriously pursued and have netted him good returns. Mr. Diming's marriage occurred September 22, 1908, his bride being Mary Angelbeck, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Angelbeck of Conception. This union has been blessed by six children: Margaret, born August 19, 1909; Raymond, November 15, 1910; Dorothy, March 27, 1912 (died June 17); Leo, April 27, 1914; Eleanor, November 16, 1915, and Alvin, October 18, 1918. Mr. Diming and his family are members of the Catholic church, and he belongs also to the Knights of Columbus.

William J. Diming, who operates a farm of 160 acres in Oakwood Township, is well known in many parts of Wabasha County, where he has resided all his life. He was born in Highland Township, this county, January 18, 1883, son of Frank and Margaret (Knoll) Diming, and was educated in the rural school of his district and the public school in Plainview Village, after which he took up farming at home. In 1910 he rented a farm of 160 acres in section 36, Oakwood Township, which he operated until 1915. He then bought 80 acres of it, and in the fall of 1919 bought 80 acres adjoining, and is now remodeling and practically rebuilding a barn, 36 by 72 feet, to be furnished with modern ap¬ pliances. His principal stock consists of grade Durham cattle and Chester- White hogs, and he is doing a good' business, being a member of both the Creamery and Shipping associations. He is a director of school No. 42, and in public matters is an alert and helpful citizen. Mr. Diming was united in marriage, November 16, 1910, with Cecelia Evers, who was born May 12, 1890, daughter of Joseph and Theresa Evers. The children born of this marriage are: Helen, December 8, 1911; Paul, March 23, 1913; Angeline, June 29, 1914; Alfred, September 17, 1915; Marcella, February 17, 1918, and Ralph, July 1, 1919. Mr. Diming and his family are members of the Catholic church, and he belongs, in addition, to the Knights of Columbus.

John Welti, the enterprising proprietor of a good farm of 151 acres, lying partly in Oakwood and partly in Elgin Township, was born in Wabasha City, Minn., May 5, 1857, son of Mr. and Mrs. John Welti. He was educated in the Oakwood rural schools, and until 1898 worked with his father. He then moved onto that part of his present farm consisting of 80 acres in section 34, Oakwood Township, which he had purchased, and to which, in 1913, he added 71 acres that he bought in section 3, Elgin Township, thus acquiring a farm with an area of 151 acres. He has erected all the present buildings, including a good eight-room house, and a barn 30 by 42 feet in size, and in various ways has improved the property, Mr. Welti, besides raising the usual crops, is a suc¬ cessful breeder of grade cattle and Duroc-Jersey hogs. He is a member of the Elgin Shipping Association and of the local creamery association, and is mak¬ ing rapid strides on the road to affluence. He has served as school treasurer of District 85, Elgin Township, for 18 or 20 years, and is a man who takes a lively interest in all matters connected with the good of the general community. For 22 years Mr. Welti has enjoyed the comforts and shouldered the responsi¬ bilities of domestic life, having been united in marriage, June 15, 1898, with Pauline E. Rother, who was born in Highland Township, this county, June 29, 1874, daughter of Gottlieb and Catherine (Saueressig) Rother. The children of this marriage are as follows: Philip A., born January 30, 1900, who is assisting his father on the farm; Lucy K., born March 7, 1902, now a student in the Elgin high school; Emma M. and Anna L (twins), born October 28, 1903, and Walter J., born January 30, 1910. Mr. Welti and his family are members of the Luth¬ eran church

James G. Lawrence, a pioneer of WTabasha County, and one who has taken an active part in its development, was born in Syracuse, N. Y., May 1, 1836, the son of Gardner and Maria (Cossett) Lawrence, the father being an attorney by profession. Mr. Lawrence was educated in the public and private schools of Syracuse, and entered the book and stationery business at the age of twentyone, being thus occupied until 1859, when, on account of failing health, he went to Texas. Here he was employed in the capacity of sheep herder, seven days a week at a salary of $12.00 per month, and remained learning the business and regaining his health until the opening of the Civil WTar. Refusing to take the Oath of Allegiance to the Southern Confederacy, he immediately started North via Galveston. That port was blockaded the day after he arrived. Not¬ withstanding this and numerous other difficulties, he finally reached his home in Syracuse. Mr. Lawrence then secured employment as clerk in the Quarter¬ master's Department under Captain Nye, chief quartermaster of the Army of the Ohio on General Buell's staff, serving in such capacity until November, 1862. He then came to Minnesota. Wabasha county appealed to him, and he purchased a large tract of land in Greenfield Township and established a sheep and cattle ranch, where he remained for many years. In 1882 the narrow gauge railroad between Wabasha and Zumbrota was under process of construction, but owing to the failure of the original contractors the work was suspended. In this circumstance Mr. Lawrence saw an opportunity, and he associated himself with men of prominence and ability and took over the road, which they completed and afterwards sold to the Chicago, Milwaukee & Saint Paul Rail¬ way. A Republican in politics, he has served the public in many capacities as mayor of the City of Wabasha, as register of deeds of Wabasha County, also serving two terms in the Minnesota state senate and twenty-two years on the

State board of equalization. Also active in business, and watchful for an op¬ portunity to advance himself, he became engaged in the grain business and with H. P. Krick and others organized the Wabasha Elevator Company, and was made its president. This new organization constructed a line of elevators along the Chippewa Valley division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Rail¬ way Company. In 1888 Mr. Lawrence, associated with R. E. Jones, organized the R. E. Jones Company. They installed the electric light plant in Wabasha and engaged in the buying of grain and produce, incorporating in 1889, Mr. Lawrence being president up to 1896, at which time he sold his interests to H. J. O'Neill. In 1877 Mr. Lawrence acquired the Wabasha mill and incor¬ porated it, and it is this organization that has received his greatest attention. Through his efforts he has brought this institution to the point where it stands second to none - not in size, but in the quality of its production. Mr. W. B. Webb, his son-in-law, is vice-president and manager. In recent years Mr. Lawrence has organized and has beeen made president of the Red Front Flour and Feed Co., Eau Claire, Wis., the Coppins and Lang Flour and Feed Co., Rockford, Ill., and the Eau Claire Baking Co., Eau Claire, Wis., and while he has in a sense retired from actual business, it is his influence that helps keep the machinery of all these organizations running smoothly and successfully. Prominent among the achievements of Mr. Lawrence is the Wabasha ferry across the Mississippi, the connecting link between the rich agricultural fields of Wisconsin and the markets of Wabasha. Handicapped since its establish¬ ment nearly fifty years ago because of wretched road conditions in the Wiscon¬ sin bottoms, the ferry had virtually been abandoned when, in 1918, Mr. Law¬ rence leased it from the city, rehabilitated it and with characteristic enterprise and success converted the entire stretch of three miles to Nelson, Wis., into one of the finest roads in that state. Permanent in foundation, surfaced with gravel and shale and with excellent bridges, the road has taken its place as a prominent factor in the progress of the section it serves. Through the initia¬ tive of Mr. Lawrence and under his guiding influence the beautification of the city was undertaken, beginning with the Mill River Gardens which stretch along the river bank for 650 feet with their beautiful wild and glorious culti¬ vated flowers, redeeming what was once a mute picture of desolation wrought by mighty forces of wind, frost and water. Arbors, walks and flowers make it one of the most attractive river fronts in Minnesota. The spirit of the beauty of these river gardens reached out into the city, and as a result Wabasha is becoming more beautiful from year to year. Mr. Lawrence was married in 1872 to Alice G., daughter of Charles D. and Mary A. Wyman, of Wabasha. Seven children have been born to them: Eliza C., W. H., Fanny M., Charles W., Mary W., James G., Jr., and Henry O'Neill; Eliza C., Fanny M. and Henry O'Neill are now deceased. The two eldest sons, William H. and Charles W., served in the Thirteenth Regiment, Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, during the Spanish-American War, seeing service in the Philippines. Charles W. also served in the capacity of chief of his section in the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps with the French army during the late World War, his services being voluntarily rendered. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre and made a lieu¬ tenant in the French army. James, Jr., is an attorney in Manila. Mary W. is the wife of W. B. Webb, vice-president and manager of the Wabasha Roller Mill Company. Mr. Lawrence is now 84 years of age, still active and in good health. He has been thoroughly identified with all the interests of Wabasha, its railroads, improvements, industries, etc., and is one of its foremost living citizens. His career has been a notable one, and his name is entwined so closely with the history of Wabasha County that it becomes almost a part of it.

Gottlieb Rother, one of the early settlers in Highland Township, was born in Germany, April 4, 1844. He acquired his education in his native land, where he remained until 1868, when he emigrated to Minnesota, settling in West Albany Township, Wabasha County. For several years he worked as a farm hand, piacticing economy and saving his money with a view to future inde¬ pendence. On April 14, 1874, he married Catherine Saueressig, who was born in Fredonia, Wis., February 17, 1852, and immediately or soon after their mar¬ riage he and his wife settled on a farm in Highland Township having an area of 160 acres, but ill provided with buildings, there being only a shanty for a residence, and a straw stable. There he made his home for 35 years, or until 1909, in which year he retired and took up his residence in Plainview. where he died March 26, 1916. A year after his death his widow returned to the home farm and resided there with her son, Edward, until October, 1919, when they moved to a farm in Oakwood Township, where they are still living, Mrs. Rother keeping house for her son. Mr. Rother was a steady and industrious citizen, respected in the community, and for two years served as school treas¬ urer. He and his wife had thirteen children: Paulina, now Mrs. John Welti; Charles of Highland Township; Henry, living in Texas; John, deceased; Anna', deceased; George, a carpenter in Plainview; Mary, now Mrs. George Schultz' residing on the old Rother farm in Highland Township; Fred, deceased; Ed¬ ward, of Oakwood Township; William of Highland; Albert, now at Hamline University; August, deceased; and Walter, of Plainview. Mr. Rother and his family were affiliated with the Lutheran church, of which the survivors are members.

Edward V. Rother, a general farmer residing in section 33, Oakwood Town¬ ship, was born in Highland Township, December 30, 1886, son of Gottleib and Catherine Rother. He received a district school education, and being brought up on the home farm early acquired a knowledge of agricultural methods. From 1907 to 1912 he and his brother, William, operated the farm together under rental, after which they bought it, and continued in partnership for three or four years. It contains 220 acres, which they farmed successfully. In 1912 Edward purchased his brother's interest in the property, and operated it alone until October, 1919. He then rented it out to a tenant and bought his present farm of 160 acres in section 33, Oakwood Township, on which he has erected a new, modern house of tile stucco construction. He follows diversified faiming, keeping Duiham cattle and Duroc-Jersey swine, and is a member of the local shipping association. He is also engaged in breeding Rhode Island Red poultry, with good results, and is numbered among the progressive and well to do citizens of his township.

Carl Fuhrman, one of the early settlers in West Albany Township, long since deceased, was a native of Germany, and came to this country and to Minnesota at a very early day in the history of Wabasha County, accompanied by his widowed mother. On their arrival in West Albany Township, Mr. Fuhiman homesteaded 160 acies of rough land in section 15, and on the farm which he developed spent the rest of his life. The land was not only rough but wild and he had a pioneer's work to perform. Besides bringing his land to a high state of cultivation, he built a fine frame house, which was one of the best in the county when first erected, and also made other valuable improve¬ ments in the way of buildings. Though he began poor, he in time became the owner of 321 acres, 53 of which he sold to a neighbor, Carl Goihl, and at his death, which occurred in 1882, he owned 268 acres. Mr. Fuhrman was in his day a well known and popular citizen of West Albany, and was seldom called by his real name, Carl, but was familiarly known as "Charley." He was mar¬ ried in this country to Ida Neuman, who survived him 22 years, dying on the home farm in November, 1904. They were members of the West Albany Lutheian congi egation. In early days when new immigrants were frequently arriv¬ ing, Mr. and Mrs. Fuhrman were noted for their hospitality, and during their first winter here gave temporary shelter to no less than eight different fam¬ ilies. They had six children: Minnie, who is now Mrs. Henry Pries of Maiden Rock, Wis.; Emma, wife of Fred Horning, of Stone, Canada; Frederick, who is deceased; William Charles, now on the old home farm in West Albany Town-