Boston City (part 43 of 67)

5. Lavinia, born August 6, 1775, died March. 1823; married October 9. 1800, Captain Jacob I'erry, who died February 7, 181 2, resided at Beverly, Massachusetts. 6. Temple, born April 10, 1778, died same year. 7. Elizabeth, born July 4, 1779, died April 22, 1854; married June 13, 1802, Fitch Poole, of Danvers, Massachusetts, who died January 28, 1838. 8. Temple, born February 24, 1782, died at Hamilton. Massachusetts. November 5. 1857; married first. October 7. 1805. Sophia Brown, who died September 4, 1822. and married second. 1823, Mrs. Hannah (Appleton) Smith.

George Downing

Sir George Downing was the son of Emanuel Downing, of Salem, Massachusetts, who married. April 10, 1622, Lucy, sister of Governor John Winthrop. He was probably born in London, England, in 1625. In 1636 he was at school "at Maidstone in Kent." He arrived in New England with his parents in 1638, probably early in October. He pursued his studies under the Rev. John Fiske, for many years an instructor in Salem. Tie was also under the infiucuce of Hugh Peters, who married his aunt, and to wdiose church in Salem his parents belonged. Upham says he "spent his later youth and opening manhood on Salem Farms." He was the first graduate from Salem, after which he engaged in teaching, and l)iirsucd the study of divinity. In the summer of 1645, ^t the age of twenty, he "went in a ship to the West Indies to instruct the seamen." Probably he took this method to pay the expense of his voyage. He proceeded by way of "Newfoundland, and to Christophers, and Barbadoes, and Nevis," and was requested to preach in all these places, but continued to England, where he was called to be a preacher in Colonel John Okey's regiment, in the army of Sir Thomas Fairfax. When not more than twenty-five years of age. Downing had risen so fast as to have become a confidential member of Cromwell's staff, and one of the most im- ])ortant correspondents and advisers of Parliament. September 3. 1651, he was at the battle of Worcester. As early as Ajjril 13, 1652, he held the important position of scoutmastergeneral to the army in Scotland. in 1655, ])eing secretary to Thurloe. who was Cromwell's secretary of state, he was sent to the Duke of Savoy to remonstrate against the persecution of the Waldenses in Piedmont. He was chosen member of Parliament in 1656 for the Protector's purposes. Besides engaging in all other important business of the House, he took the lead in (|uestions of revenue and trade.

"A Narrative of the Late Parliament," publisJK'd in i'")57, records him as receiving £365 ])er annum as scoutmaster-general, £500 as one of the tellers in the exche(|uer ; in all £865 ])er annum. It is said he had the pay of a trooj) of horse captain. In 1657 he was ap- ])ointed by Cromwell minister to Holland, with a salary of £1.100. He was elected burgess for Morpeth, in Northumberland, to serve in the parliament which convened at \\'estminster. May 8, 1661. Tn the intervals of parliament b.c returned to his employments at the Hague. In March, 1662, lie ]:)rocured the arrest of John Okey, Miles Corbet, and John Darkstead, three of the judges who had condemned Charles the First. There are reasons for supposing him to have been the author of the policy developed in the British Navigation Act, which was initiated October 9, 165 1, and advanced by another act in 1660. This act made England the great naval power of the world.

July I, 1663, Downing was created a baronet by the title of Sir George Downing of East Hatley, Cambridgeshire, knight, where his estate was called the largest in the county. In 1667, he was chosen secretary of the new commissioners of the treasury. He labored industri(juslv to increase the revenue and enlarge the resources of the country. In 1 671 he went to Holland, to take the place of Sir William Temple. He returned from Holland, where he was sent as ambassador, before his time, and accordingly was sent to the Tower ; but was soon released and restored to royal favor. He was one of the three commissioners of the customs in London, who, under date of July 9, 1678. prepared the rigid instructions for Randolph, Collector, Surveyor, and Searcher, of his Majestie's Customs in New England." He died in 1684.

Downing married in 1654, Frances Howard, who was descended from the fourth Duke of Norfolk, who was beheaded by Queen Elizabeth for tenderness to Mary Queen of Scots. She died July 10, 1683. Their eldest son, Cieorge, was teller in the Exche(|uer in 1680.

Downing Street, Whitehall, was named after Sir George Downing, secretary of the treasury, when the office of lord treasurer was put in commission (May. 1667). on the death of Lord Southam])ton.

Sir George Downing was a member of the class of 1642. the first class which was graduated from Harvard College. His grandson, who died in 1749, a little more than a hundred years after this time, bequeathed a large estate, first to relatives, and afterwards, if they died without lawful issue, for the building of a college at Cambridge, .\fter a half century's opposition and litigation, it was chartered Septembtr 22, 1800. and the magnificent Downing College was erected with funds which were said to amount to one hundred and fifty thousand ]iounds."

F^lbridge Gerry, who was governor of Massachusetts from .\iay, 1810, to May, 1812, and vice-i)resident of the United States from March 4. 181 3, until November 23. 1814, when he suddenly expired, as he was about to enter the senate chamber at Washington for the performance of his official duties, was a native of Marblehead. where his birth is recorded as occurring on the 17th of July. 1744, son of Thomas and Elizabeth. The son, Elbridge (jerry, was graduated at Harvard College in 1762, and later was a signer of the Declaration of Independence.

For many years he was a resident of the town of Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he was respected as one of the most eminent citizens, in spite of dift'erences of political opinion between himself and the majority of his fellow citizens. The embargo of 1809, followed by an open declaration of war against Great Britain in June, 1812, caused Cambridge to suffer during the next two or three years its full proportion in the general stagnation of business ; as a new port it did not recover from the blight which had fallen upon it - the name of Cambridgeport (now anything but a port) coming as a relic of this period. Hence grass grew in the streets of the seaports, and ships rotted at the wharves. A very decided majority of the voters of Cambridge (if not elsewhere in New England) were politically opposed to the war and smarted under the losses and inconveniences resulting from it, but notwithstanding the lack of enthusiasm for its support, companies when called into service for the defence of the State responded punctually to the call. Thus, in the case of Mr. ( ierry, it is said, that neither their affection for the man, nor their regard for his high political position, could overcome their detestation of the war, of which he was an advocate and defender, nor induce them to volunteer their persons or their property in its behalf. (See l^aige's "History of Cambridge," pp. 192-

His earliest Revolutionary experience with Cambridge appears to have been on the night of the eighteenth of Aj^ril, 1775, when as a member of the different committees of safety and supplies in session at Wetherby's tavern, in what was later West Cambridge or now is Arlington, he, with two others of the members, Orne and Lee, remained to pass the night. x\s the Ih-itish in perfect stillness, passed the tavern where he was lodging, on their midnight march to Concord, Gerry, Orne and Lee rose from their beds to gaze on the unwonted spectacle ; the three were discovered by the British, and when a party of the latter was detached to surround the tavern, and make prisoners of the distinguished inmates, the three members of the committee of safety hastily escaped to an adjoining field.

As early as 1775 Gerry was actively interested in fitting, out a provincial naval armament and by November 13, a law was passed by the assembly of Massachusetts - and draughted by Gerry - which authorized the employment of privateers and established a court for the trial and condemnation of prizes. He was then a resident of Marblehead, and was emphatically at the bottom of this movement.

borne the contest for several months, almost alone, sought to reconcile the conflicting jealousies of the north and the south, and to aid W'ashington to supplant local jealousy by a union of spirit. His letters show this. In one of them he says (under date of October 9, 1775), "Let it be remembered that the first attack was made on this colony ; that we had to keep a regular force without the advantage of a regular government ; that we had to support in the field from 12,000 to 14,000 men, when the whole forces voted by the other New England governments amounted to 8,500 only."

In political ability Gerry was classed with such men as Washington, Hamilton. Franklin, Morris, and others, and he was a delegate from Massachusetts, with others, in 1787, to the convention at Philadelphia on the adoption of the Federal constitution. By the adoption of the constitution of the United States, the citizens of Alassachusetts, as well as of the rest of the Union, were divided into two parties, known at that time as federalists and anti-federalists. The former were the friends of the new constitution, and Gerry's sympathies were with the latter. The federalists were inclined to the establishment of a privileged order, while the anti- federalists were more republican in their tendencies ; or, in other words, more democratic, or nearer to the lower class of the people.

He was a commissioner to the court of France in 1797. He was appointed by President Adams, a federalist, contrary to the opinion of a portion of his cabinet, because Gerry was a gentleman distinguished throughout the country for his intellectual ability, even though he was attached to the opposition, or, as it was then called, the republican party. His associates on this mission were Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, the head of the federal party, and John Marshall, of Virginia, the later biogra- ]Dher of W'ashington.

In May, 1800, he was the candidate of the republican party for governor of Massachusetts, and the people had confidence in his integrity, and gave him a large vote, but not enough to elect him. In May, 18 10, he was elected, and the democratic party was triumphant in the state. It was considered a critical period. In public Governor Gerry approved the course of the national administration, which was republican or democratic, and confined his favors to such as were its supporters. For this he received several threats of assassination from anonymous correspondents. He was reflected upon severely in the federal press.

and he made an attempt to declare them hbellous. In the midst of this excitement a new election occurred and Caleb Strong was elected governor. Both parties were active, but his friends could not overcome the prejudices against Gerry. It is said that his conduct in districting the State for the election of senators had some influence in defeating him. From the peculiar manner in which he did this. was acquired the term "(jerrymandering;" a term now familiar to all who have dealings with that particular way of engineering elections to the advantage of the party in power. A defence of his policy in this respect was published at the time, to the effect that the constitution did not restrict to county lines in forming districts. His last districting was conformable to the rule of taxes. Previous legislatures had districted the State regardless of counties, as Gerry had done, etc. A convention was called at this time which ajiproved of the governor's course, l^'inally. he was elected to the vice-presidency, as the candidate of his party.

As an example of his style of writing, the following extract is given from one of Mr. Gerry's letters. The subject is the British evacuation of Boston in March, 1776. He writes on March 26. "What an occurrence is this to be known in Euro])e ! How are parliamentary pretensions to be reconciled? Eight or ten thousand British troops, it has been said, are sufficient to overrun America ; and yet that nimiber of their veterans, posted in Boston (a peninsula fortified by nature, defended by works the product of two years' industry, surrounded by navigable waters, supported by ships of war, and commanded by their best generals), are driven off by about one-thirtieth of the power of America. Surely the invincible veterans labored under some great disadvantage from want of provisions or military stores, which the Americans were amply provided with. Directly the reverse. They had provisions enough ; ammunition, muskets and accoutrements, for every man, and a piece of ordnance for every fifteen : while the Americans were almost destitute of all these, and after twelve months' collection had only a sufficiency of powder to tune their cannon for six or eight days. I am at a loss to know how Great Britain will reconcile all this to her military glory."

As thus ably predicted by this keen observer, the news did excite great astonishment in England, and the reigning ministry were deeply mortified.

Ancestry. - Captain Thomas Gerry (i), of Xewton Bushel, Great Britain, born at Newton Abbot, Devonshire, Ei^land, March 15, 1702. died at Marblehead, Massachusetts, July 13, 1774, aged seventy-two years four months; married first, December 16, 1734, Elizabeth Greenlcaf, born at Marblehead, June i, 17 16, died there, September 2, 1771, aged fifty-five years, daughter of Enoch and Rebecca (Russell) Greenleaf ; married second, May 6, 1773, Mrs. Elizabeth Lemmon, presumably widow of Dr. Joseph Lemmon, of Marblehead, who died in 1772. Thomas Gerry came to America in 1730 as ca])tain of a trading vessel from London. .After marriage he relinquished the sea and became a merchant at Marblehead. His father was Daniel Gerry of Newton Abbot, Devonshire, England, who married a wife named Lydia, by whom he had three children - Daniel and John who remained in England, and the above Thomas, who emigrated to America. Children: i. Thomas, born September 19, 1735; married September 2"], 1759, Tabitha Skinner. 2. Sanuiel, born July 3, 1737, died August 26, 1738. 3. Elizabeth, born May 24, 1740, died September 3, 1740. 4. John, born October 8, 1741, buried January 12, 1786; married November 8, 1763, Sarah Wendell, who married second, June 18, 1786, John JMsk, Esq., of Salem. 5. Elbridge, born July 17. 1744. see forward. 6. Samuel, born May 30. 1746. died May [4. 1750. 7. Elizabeth, l)()ni May 17, 1748, married April 22. i775. r.urrell Devereux. 8. Samuel Russell, born July 2"/, 1750, died February i. or 22, 1807, aged fifty-six years; married first. July 22, 1773. Hannah Glover, who died May 30, 1785; married second, July 31, 1783, Sarah Thompson, who died his widow, July 22, 1830, aged seventy years. 9. Daniel, born February 4, 1754, died May 29, 1754. 10. Daniel, born June 22. 1758, died May 17, 1759.

(II) Hon. Elbridge Gerry, son of Captain Thomas Gerry (t), born at Marblehead, Massachusetts, July 17, 1744, died at Washington, District of Columbia. November 2}^, 1814; married Ann Thompson, daughter of James Thompson, of New York, who died his widow, at New Haven, Connecticut, March 17, 1849, aged eighty-five years. He was survived, besides his widow, by three sons and six daughters. One daughter. Catherine, married. October 2. 1806. James Trecothick Austin. Esq., of Cambridge; her husband was a graduate of Harvard College. 1802. received the degree of LL.D..andwas attorney-general of Massachusetts. The eldest son, Elbridge Gerrv. ( H. C.

1813) died in New York, May 18, 1867; he was at one period surveyor of the port of Boston. Thomas Russell Gerry, another son, (H. C. 1814) born in Cambridge, December 8, 1794, died at New Rochelle, New York, October 6, 1845 ; midshipman in United States Navy, appointed December 6, 1814, and resigned August 27, 1833. James T. Gerry, another son, was appointed midshipman, U. S. N.. December 20, 181 5, lieutenant, April 28, 1826, commander, April 17, 1842, and was lost on the "Albany." September 28, 1854.

from a relative in this way. His great-grandmother, Elizabeth Elbridge, married Samuel Russell, who was born in 1645, she being born June 19, 1653. This Rebecca Russell married Enoch Greenleaf, and their daughter Elizabeth married Thomas Gerry. The Elbridge family belonged in Bristol, England, where an uncle, John Elbridge, a merchant of that place, died and left them a large property, and in memory of this family Elbridge Gerry derived his name. (See N. E. H. & G. Register, vol. 12, p. 112, further).

The name of W inthrop, - WIXTHROP that of the Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company at their emigration to Xew England, - may be traced back in various spelhngs for at least six centuries and a half. The family can be traced to various places in the mother country, and latterly there to (Iroton in Suffolk, "where they lived many years.'' In a volume by the late Hon. Robert C. W'inthro]), entitled "Life and Letters of John W'inthro])." the line of descent is there corrected, and begins with a man called the second Adam Winthrop, born October 9, 1498, died November 9, 1562, (eldest son of Adam and Joane for Jane) I'urton. married November 16, 1527. Alice Henry, or llenny. Children: 1. Thomas, born November 8, 1528, died April. 1529. 2. William, born November 12, 1529, died March i. 1581, at London ; had wife Elizabeth, died jime 2. 1578. and six children: Jonathan, Adam, William, Joshua, Elizabeth, and .Sarah. 3. Bridget, born January i, 1530, died January. 1536. 4. Christo])her, born Jamiary 4. 1531, died aged nine months. 5. Thomas (2d), born June, 1533, died 1537. Adam Winthrop was married (second) in 1534 to Agnes Sharpe, daughter of Robert Sharpe, of Lslington, she eighteen, and he thirty-six. Children : 6. .\lice, born November 15, 1539, died November 8, 1^)07, married Sir Thomas Mildmay, and had six sons. 7. I'ridget, born May 3, 1543, died November 4, 16 14. married Roger Alabaster, and had four sons and one daughter ; one of the sons was a celebrated j^oet. 8. Mary, born March i, 1544, married Abraham X'eysie. 9 and 10. John and Adam, twins, born January 20, 1 546 ; Adam died in six months and John died in Ireland, July 26, 161 3, having married Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Risby. of Thorpe Morieux, Suffolk county. 11. Adam (2) born August 10, 1548: see beyond. 12. Catharine, born May 17, 1550, married and had children."^' 13. Susanna, born December 10, 1552, died August 9, 1604, married D. Cottie (Dr. John Cotta?) and had children. The widow of the father Adam W^inthrop married W^illiam Mildmay. She died May 13, 1565.

(II) Adam Winthrop (3d) son of Adam {2d)) born in London, August 10, 1548, died March 29, 1623 ; married first, December 16, 1574, Alice Still, daughter of W^illiam of (irantham. Lincolnshire ; she and her first born child died December 24, 1577, and he married (second) February 20. 1579, Anne, daughter of Henry IJrowne, of Edwardston ; her mother's name was Agnes. Adam Winthrop (3d) was a man of good education and high social standing, lord and patron of the manor of ( iroton. Children by second wife: i. Anne, born January 5, 1580-1, died January 20, 1580-1. 2. Anne, born January 16, 1585-6, died May r6, 1618; married February 25, 1604-5, Thomas Fones. 3. John, born January 12. 1587, the governor of Massachusetts; see forward. 4. Jane, ba])tize(l June 17. 1592; married Jamiary 5, 1612, Thomas Gostling. 5. Lucy. Ixini January 9, 1600-1, married April 10. i()22. I'.manuel Downing.

( III ) John Winthrop, governor of Massachusetts, son of .Adam (2), born in lulwardston, a little village in Suffolk county, hjigland, immediately adjoining tiroton, January 12, 1587, died in Boston, New England, March 26, 1649, nineteen years after his embarkation on March 22. 1629-30, in that harbor. For details regarding his early life the reader is referred to the admirable work on that subject by his descendant. I Ion. Robert C. Winthrop, already named, and to the various standard histories of Massachusetts and New England for the' latter part, lie married first, April 16, 1605, Mary, born January i, 1583, died June 26, 161 5. daughter and sole heir of John Forth, Esq.. of Great Stambridge, in the county of Essex.

the county of Essex. Her own immediate family was a wealthy one. Sixteen children : I. John, the eldest, born in Groton, England, February 12, 1606. died in Boston, April 5, 1676. known to history as John W^inthrop. the governor of Connecticut. 2. Henry, born (baptized January 20) 1607; drowned at Salem, Massachusetts. July 2, 1630, aged twenty-two years, the next day after his landing in America. (See his father's journal) He was somewhat adventurous, had been in the Barbadoes. was niarried. .April 2',, 1620, to his cousin Eliz- abeth Fones; had daughter Martha, baptized at Groton, England, May 9, 1630. He was left behind in his father's first voyage, but arrived safely on a later one. He was drowned in a small creek. His widow came to New England afterwards and married Robert Feake. 3. Forth, born December 30, 1609, died (buried at Groton, England, November 23) 1630; was educated in the universities, and was betrothed to Ursula Sherman. 4 and 5. Daughters named Anne, baptized 1614-1615, who died in their earliest infancy. 6. Mary, eldest of the first three daughters, came to America, and married, about 1632, Rev. Samuel Dudley, son of Governor Thomas Dudley, and died April 12, 1643, having had four children, two of whom survived her. Governor Winthrop married second, December 6, 16 15, Thomasine Clopton, died December 8. 1616, daughter of William Clopton, Esq. Child: 7. Daughter, born November, 1616, died 1616, two days old. Governor Winthrop married third, April 29, 1618, Margaret Tyndal, died in Boston, June 14. 1647, daughter of Sir John Tyndal, knight. Her mother was Anne Egerton, widow of William Deane, Esq. Children: 8. Stephen, born March 24, 1618, came with his father to America, was recorder of Boston, member of Parliament for Scotland under Cromwell, and colonel of a regiment in the civil wars of England ; was married and left posterity. 9. Adam, born April 7, 1620; see forward. 10. Deane, baptized March 2^, 1622, died at PuUen Point (now W^inthrop), March 16, 1704; married first Sarah, daughter of Jose ( jlover ; and left a widow, Martha, and children. 11. Nathaniel, baptized February 20, 1625. probably died young. 12. Samuel, baptized August 26, 1627, married in Holland, had estate in Antigua, where he held the office of deputy governor, and died there about 1677. 13. Anne, baptized April 29, 1630, died on her passage with her mother to New England, when aged about a year and a half. 14. W^illiam, born at Boston, August 14, 1632, probably died soon. 15. Sarah, baptized June 29, 1634, probably died soon. Governor W'inthrop married fourth, December 4, 1647, Martha, daughter of Captain William Rainsborough, and widow of Captain Thomas Coytmore. of Charlestown. and sister of Increase Nowell. After the death of Winthrop she married, March t6, 1652, John Coggan. Child by Winthrop : 16. Joshua, born December 12, 1648, died January 11, 1651. (IV) Adam Winthrop. son of John (3), born in Groton. England, April 7, 1620, died in Boston, suddenly it is inferred, .August 24,

1652. thirty-two years and four months old; came to New England in 163 1. Adam's Chair, a rock in Waltham. Massachusetts, was named for him ( 1631 ) ; married first, about 1642, Elizabeth, died September. 1648. daughter of Joss or Jose Glover ; married second Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Hawkins. Children: i. .\dam, born October 15, 1647; see forward. He was his parents' only child in 1652, and the only one, unless there was a daughter Mary, who died near the same time with her mother, September, 1648. The widow of Adam (4), married May 3, 1654, John Richards; no children by either husbancl.

(V) Adam Winthrop, son of Adam (4), born in Boston, October 15, 1647, died August 3. 1700, aged fifty-two; will dated July 29, proved September 5, 1700. He was graduated at Harvard College. 1668 (Sibley's "GradnatiS," II. 247), was for some time a merchant at Bristol, England, and married there, Mary, daughter of Colonel Luttrell, and there his children were born, one of whom was Aelam. see beyond. His daughter Mary married, March 9, 1703. John Ballentine. The father was an orphan, about five years old in 1652. He returned with his family to Boston in 1679. He was captain of a military company in Boston in 1689; representative 1689-1692; named as one of the governor's council, but left out in the first pojmlar election. May, 1693. No time of luarriage or births of his children or baptism of them is found here, as his marriage was in England, and there the children were born. Mary, his widow, married March 13, 1706, as the third wife of Joseph Eynde, of Charlestown. Her death occurred October 30, 171 5.

was of the council of the province. Children : T. Adam, born August 12, 1706, died December 12. 1744; Harvard College 1724; merchant of Boston, and lived in Brattle street. He was a'so clerk of the ju^Hcial courts. Married Mary, daughter of Hugh Hall, Esq.. of Boston. 2. John. Harvard College, 1732; see beyond.

(VII) John Winthrop, .son of Adam (6), bom in Boston, December 19, 1714. died in Cambridge, May 3, 1779; married first, Rebecca . died August 22, 1753, aged

Harvard College, 1765, lived in Boston, a merchant ; married Sarah Phillips, and died in 1800, leaving posterity - John, Harvard College, 1796, and Adam, Harvard College, 1800. 2. Adam, born November 27, 1748, died Febrnary 11, 1774, aged twenty-five, graduated Harvard College, 1767; left home contrary to the desire of his father, became a shipmaster in Governor Hancock's employment, and in the Downs was knocked overboard and lost. He "was unfortunately knocked overboard by the boom of his vessel on his passage from hence to London, and was drowned," February II, 1774 (Boston News Letter). 3. Samuel, born July 20, 1750. died July 28, 1751. 4- James, "a man of much curious erudition." born March 28, 1752, graduated Harvard College 1769, LL. D. Allegheny College 1817; j)ostmaster 1775 (/. e. with headquarters at Cambridge, Boston being invested by the American troops), register of probate from September 6, 1775,, until 1817: for several years judge of court of common pleas; librarian of Harvard College, 1772-1787; one of the founders of the Massachusetts Historical Society ; resided in Cambridge, and died unmarried September 26, 1821. A characteristic letter written him in 1775 is published by Paige, "History Cambridge," p. 700, note. 5. W'illiam, "the last survivor," born April 19. 1753, graduate Harvard College 1770; town clerk 1 782- 1 788; selectman ten years between 1786 and 1802; senator in 1799; a gentleman farmer, residing in Cambridge, and died unmarried, February 5. 1825. The father of this intelligent family was a man of great distinction in his day. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1738, appointed Hollis professor of mathematics and natural philosophy in 1738. He was in 1771, as already stated elsewhere in this work, the preceptor of Count Rumford and Colonel Loammi Baldwin of Woburn. He was elected Hollis professor of mathematics and natural and experimental philosophy August 30, 1738. He was then a resident of Boston, and his inauguration with ap]iropriate ceremonies occurred January 2, 1738-9. He declined the ofifice of president of the college in 1769. His age and "bodily infirmities" were urged as objections against him. It was a time when the office went begging. The choice was made of Samuel Locke, a clergyman of a small parish about twenty miles from Cambridge, again.st whom was made the still greater objection of "a want of knowledge of the world, having lived in retirement, and perhaps not a general acquaintance with books."

In 1774, after the resignation of Locke, Winthrop was again chosen president and declined. President Quincy* says of him, "The literary and scientific attainments of John Winthrop acquired celebrity in his own country and in E^urope, and entitled him to be regarded as one of the brightest ornaments of Harvard College. . The zeal, activity and talent with which he applied himself to the advancements of the sciences justified the expectations which his earlv promise raised." As a lecturer he was skilful and attractive, and during forty years he fulfilled the duties of the professor's chair to universal acceptance." His labors w^ere both practical and scientific. He transmitted in December, 1740, to the Royal Society of London, "observations of the transit of Mercury over the Sun." These observations were published both in London and honorably noticed in Paris. He gave a lecture on the earthquake of November 18, 1755, in which he deliberately set out to calm the apprehensions which the superstitions of the age had excited, with actual fear, throughout the territory of New England, where the quake had been experienced. He ex])lained his theory of the phenomenon of earthquakes with originality, research, and intellectual power, and advanced the consolatory fact that though earthc|uakes had occasionally occurred in New England from its first settlement by the English, not a single life had ever been lost nor any great damage been done by them. He sujjported the theories of Benjamin Franklin concerning lightning, and protection from it by the use of "iron points." Even in this he met with opposition, even from the ignorance of natural laws on the part of clergymen and the superstitions of that age. One thought, and published the fact, that the "iron points" on the buildings in New England drew the lightning from the clouds and caused the earthquake of 1755. Professor Winthrop, in reply, ])roceeded to show that earthcjuakes could not be accounted for in that way. As late as 1770 there were religious people who were opposed to lightning rods (in intelligent New England ! ) on the ground that "thunder and lightning" were tokens of Divine displeasure, and that it was impious to prevent them from doing their "full execution." Professor Winthrop again appeared in their defense with a publication which showed that "Divine Providence" governed the world by "stated general laws," and showed in conclusion that it was as imich "our duty to secure ourselves against the effects of lightning, as from those of rain, snow, or wind, by the means God has put into our hands." On the appearance of a remarkable comet in 1759, he again came to the front with lectures in which he explained the true nature and motions of comets, according to the latest discoveries of the times.

He transmitted to the Royal Society accounts of whirlwinds and other natural phenomena which he observed in this section. And so it was in many other scientific observations, transits of Venus and others, of which the record, however creditable to him, is too long to mention in the present work. It is said that his active, vigorous and comprehensive mind embraced within its sphere various and extensive knowledge, and that he was better entitled to the character of a universal scholar, than any individual of his time, in this country. He was well versed in ancient and modern languages, and I'residcnt Ouincy concludes that he was one of the greatest mathematicians and ])hiloso])hers America had then ])r()(luced.

He was chosen a member of the council of the province in 1773, but negatived by a royal mandate. In 1774 he was a delegate to the jirovincial congress. In 1775 he was restored to the seat- in the council, and also appointed judge of ])robate. The latter office he held until his death. May 3, 1779. at the age of sixt\-five.

( I ) Thomas Brooks, of Con- 1)R()()1\S cord, Massachusetts, died there May 21, 1667; his wife Grace, whose surname is unknown, died May 12, T664. He first settled in Watertown, as early as iC>3(^), and removed very soon to Concord, where he was constable in 1638; representative 1642-1644, 1654, 1659- 1662. He is called captain, and if so, probably of the military com])any at Concord. In 1660, with his sonin-law. Captain Timothy Wheeler, he purchased of Edward Collins four hundred acres of land in Medford, it being a portion of the Cradock farm. Children: i. Joshua, married October 17, 1653, Hannah Mason, of Watertown. 2. Caleb, see forward. 3. Gershom, married March 12, 1667, Hannah Eckles, of Cambridge. 4. Mary, married Captain Timothy Wheeler, of Concord ; she died his widow, October 4, 1693.

1660, Susanna Atkinson, born April 28, 1641, daughter of Thomas Atkinson, of Concord ; she died at Concord January 19, 1669, and he married (second) her sister, Hannah Atkinson, born March 5, 1643, died at Medford, March 10, 1709. He moved from Concord to Medford in 1680, and occupied most of the land purchased by his father. Children by his first wife: I. Susan, born December 27,

3. Mary, born April 3, 1666, married April 19, 1688, Nathaniel Ball, of Concord. 4. Rebecca, born November 9, 1667. 5. Sarah, born December 16, 1668. married October 18, 1705. Philip Russell, of Cambridge. Children by second wife: 6. Ebenezer, born lY^bruary 24, 1670-1, see forward. 7. Samuel, born September I. 1672, married Sarah Boylston, of Brookline.

(HI) Captain Ebenezer Brooks, son of Caleb Brooks (2), born at Concord, February 24. 1670-1, died at Medford, February 11, 1742-3, in seventy-third year (gravestone) ; married, 1693, Abigail Boylston, daughter of Dr. Thomas and Mary (Gardner) Boylston, of Brookline: she died Mny 23, 1756. in eighty-second year (gravestone). He inherited his father's house and homestead. Children : 1. Caleb, born July 8. 1694, see forward. 2. Ebenezer, born March 23, 1697-8, married June 20, 1737, Hannah Gibson, of Boston. 3. Abigail, born October 6, 1699; married October 2y, 1720, Thomas Oakes, of Medford. 4. Hannah, born April 15, 1701, married (intention dated November 8, 1721) Nathaniel Cheever, of Boston. 5. Mary, born January 19, 1703-4, died September 3, 1704. 6.Thomas, born April 28, 1705. died November 14, 1784, aged eighty years. 7. Rebecca, born July 24, 1706, married Deceml)er 2, 1725. Samuel Pratt, of Boston. 8. Samuel, born I-\"bruary 8, 1709- 10, married April 2. 1747. Abigail Hastings, of Waltham.

( I\^ ) Captain Caleb Brooks, son of Captain Ebenezer I'rooks (3), born at Medford, July 8. 1694, died there November 21, 1766, seventv-third year ( gravestone ) : married first, ]\ larch 30, 1730-1, Mary A\'inn, born July 3, 1711, died January i, 1745. aged thirty-four years and six months (gravestone), daughter of Increase and Mary Winn, of Woburn ; married second, March i, 1749-50, Ruth Albree, born May 17, 1718, died May 6, 1793, aged sevent\-four vears (gravestone), daughter of

John and Elizabeth (Green) Albree, of Medford. He occupied the estate now in Winchester known as the Le Bosquet place, at present Symmes Corner, at that time within the limits of Medford. This estate was purchased in 171 5 by his father, Captain Ebenezer Brooks, of William Symmes, and after his death passed to his son. Captain Caleb Brooks, and at his death to his son, Ebenezer Brooks, whose daughter Mary married Captain John Le Bosquet, who bought out other heirs and died in April, 1844. Mrs. Le Bosquet had all of his personal property and the use of his real estate during her life-time. She died in September, 1847, ^'""^^ w^s succeeded by Captain Lebl)eus Leach, whose wife was one of the heirs. He sold to Hon. Frederick O. Prince, who conveyed the house and a part of the land to Marshall Symmes in 1865. In 1881 Mr. Symmes removed the old house to the rear of his barn, and built a new house on the site of the old one. Children by first wife IMary (Winn): [. Mary, born at Charlestown, December 20, 1731, married April 4, 1752, Daniel Pratt, of Chelsea. 2. Abigail, born July 17, 1733, married November 24, 1757, Joseph Hall, of Medford. 3. Ebenezer, born April 22, 1735, married December 28, 1758, Susanna Thompson, of Medford. 4. Caleb, baptized at Medford, September 5, 1736, died young. 5. Caleb, baptized October 5, 1737, died young. 6. Rebecca, baptized July i, 1739, married November 6, 1766, Samuel Hall^ of Medford. 7. Ruth, baptized August 2, 1741. married November 20, 1760, Joseph Seccomb, of Medford. 8. Sarah, baptized November 28, 1742, married John Le Bosquet. 9. Caleb, baptized September 9, 1744, married January i, 1767, Mary Kidder, of ]\Iedford. 10. Increase, baptized December 22, 1745. Children by second wife, Ruth (Albree) : 11. Theodore, baptized January 5, 1751. 12. John, baptized May 4, 1752, see forward. 13. Joseph, baptized February 24. 1754, died May 11, 1756. 14. Elizabeth, born June 20, 1757. married December 31, 1776, Rev. Jacob Burnap, of Merrimack. New Hampshire. 15. Hannah, born February 12, 1760, married October 2T, 1794, Francis Burns, of Medford.

(V) Governor John Brooks, son of Captain Caleb Brooks (4), born at Medford, baptized there May 4, 1752, died at Medford, March i, 1825, aged seventy-three years, married Lucy Smith, died at Aledford, September 26, 1791, aged thirty-eight years. Children: I. Lucy, born at Reading, June 16, 1775. married at Medford, October 2, 1803, George

O'Kill Stuart, of Kingston, Canada: had a son George O'Kill Stuart, who was a mayor of Quebec, Canada. 2. A child died at Medford, October, 1778. 3. Alexander Scammell, born at Medford, October 19. 1781, killed by a steamboat explosion at St. John's bar, coast of Florida, December 19, 1836; married May 28, 1817, Sarah. Turner, of Boston; he obtained a commission in the army, first lieutenant of artillery, 1808; captain in third artillery. 1812; brevet major for gallantry at Plattsburg, 1814; major third artillery, 1832; lieutenant-colonel fourth artillery, 1835. (For a further account see Brooks's "History of Medford," pp. 198-200); children: i. Lucy, born at Medford, March 25. 1818. married May 30, 1843, Hon. Edward L. Keyes, of Dedham. 2. John, born June 18, 1820, who died a passed midshipman, Cnited States navy, June 4, 1843. 4 John, born May 20, 1784, killed at battle of Lake Erie, September 13, 1813; he graduated at Harvard College 1805 : studied medicine with his father, and afterwards entered the navy as lieutenant of marines; he was unmarried. 5. A child, died March 24, 1786.

Governor John Brooks, the BROOKS most distinguished citizen in Medford of his own time, was born in that town in May, 1752. It is said by his contemporaries that the mother of the future general and governor was a woman of superior character. His father was a res]:)ectable farmer, and esteemed by his neighbors. It was, however, to his mother that he was indebted for the influence which encouraged him to make a rise in life, and through her family physician. Dr. Simon Tufts, she was encouraged to give him as good an education as circumstances would allow.

He was placed at the town school, where he was taught the rudiments of science and the Latin and Greek languages. Dr. Tufts took him into his family at the age of fourteen to educate for his profession. He continued with Dr. Tufts until he was twenty-one years old. The doctor then advised him to begin the practice of medicine in the adjoining town of Reading, and recommended him to the people as well c|ualified for the trust. He accordingly settled there, was soon married, and his prospects were fair for a respectable establishment in his profession. But the Revolu- tionary war broke upon the scene, and matters military engaged the attention of all the people, physicians included. In his teens he had begun to display a talent and fondness for military drill and his hours of relaxation were given to that exercise. His village mates were formed into a company commanded by himself. He was popular, and Dr. Tufts' yard became for the time a miniature training field. At Reading he was placed in command of a company of minute-men, the best soldiers in the militia, and soon was advanced to the position of major in a new regiment. He displayed rare abilities as a disciplinarian, and was thought by all who were connected with him in military duty to be the most competent to take the lead. At first he declined, owing to the increasing and pressing duties of his profession, but the affair of the 19th of April, 1775, happening in his immediate neighborhood, made a speedy decision necessary, and he quickly assumed the duties of an office which he was well qualified to sustain, fie ordered out his company with promptness, and directed them to proceed on the route to Concord : and having made such provision for the medical relief of the sick under his care as the time would permit, he joined his corps with all possible speed. Having arrived in the vicinity of Concord, he met the British on their retreat (near Merriam's Corner\ and made such a disposition of his men as to secure them from injury, and enable them to annoy the enemy with destructive volleys as they passed a narrow defile (in the present town of Lincoln). He then hung on their rear and flanks in conjunction with other troops until they arrived at Charlestown. His contemporaries bore testimony to the fact that on this occasion, so important at the beginning of the war, he displayed the cool and determined bravery of a veteran. His military talents and calm courage were remarkable in a young man only twenty-three years of age who had never seen a battle. Dr. Dixwell, who knew him well, states that it was noticed by those who had the direction of public affairs, and he soon after received the commission of a major in the Continental army, - the regular army of the Revolution.

The contemporaries of Governor Brooks furnish from their writings the following facts regarding the record of his life. He said that the most fatiguing day he ever spent was the 19th of April, 1775. History informs us that the force imder his command arrived on the field at a most opportune moment. .\ good officer in command on the iAmerican side was needed. The imi:)act between the two opposing bodies of well-armed troops was of the utmost consecjuence to either, and both Briton and American met on terms of equality for the first time on that memorable day. Parker's men at Lexington had fled, with fatal losses, before the fire of a superior body. Buttrick's men at the North Bridge, at a later hour, did not follow up their trifling victory. At a much later hour when the British main body had begun their retreat. Brooks, with the body of minute-men under his command, suddenly arrived on the scene. Dr. Ripley, of Concord, says, "As the enemy passed the road from Bedford, they met a body of minute-men, commanded by Major John Brooks. A little below Bedford road there was a sharp action, and several of the British were killed." Rev. Mr. f^^oster, of Reading, a member of Governor IJrooks' company, who wrote a circumstantial account of what he witnessed, said of the beginning of the fight: "The enemy faced about suddenly and fired a volley of musketry upon us. They overshot. The fire was immediately returned, and two British soldiers fell dead in the road near the brook." This event in the fray was followed by some sharp fighting in the Lincoln woods, where by the peculiarity of the turns in the road through which the British were obliged to pass, they were hemmed together in places and subjected to cross fires from men ensconced behind stone walls and large trees by the wayside. In forcing their way through this defile, the British came into close encounter with the Americans, and a number on both sides of the contending forces were killed. It was here that young Brooks ])erformed that service for his country, which afterwards commended him to promotion and (Hstinction in the army." .\nd there is no doubt that his abilities in this direction were great. These were not alone shown for the long period of the Revolutionary war, but afterwards in the insurrection in Massachusetts known as the Shays Rebellion, and the War with England of 1812.

At the beginning of the Revolution his rank was tliat of major in Colonel Ebenezer I'ridge's reginicnt of minute-men - the new regiment we have already mentioned, which marched April 19, 1775, and credited with a service of four days. Major Brooks engaged himself to serve in this regiment from April 24, 1775, to August I, 1775, or a period of three months and fifteen days. He was detailed while in this regiment as field officer of the picket guard. May 8, 1775, also for the main and picket guards at Camhridge from May J 2 to May 31, 1775, and again for the picket guard June 8, 1775. His commission in same regiment was dated May 27, 1775. His residence is given as Reading and also Medford. On the night of June 16, 1775, he volunteered to assist in intrenching Bunker Hill, and in watching the enemy, and on the morning of the 17th he was sent by Colonel Pre^cott to General Ward at Cambridge for reinfcjrcements. Being obliged to perform this duty on foot, he could take no active part in the engagement.

On January i, 1776, Congress appointed him major of Webb's Nineteenth regiment. His regiment was present at the siege of Boston, in the retreat from I^ong Island, and in the battle of White Plains. Brooks remained with the regiment until its term of enlistment had expired.

From January i, 1777, to December 31, 1779. he served in the Continental army as lieutenant-colonel commandant and as lieutenant-colonel in Colonel Michael Jackson's Eighth regiment. He also served as lieutenant-colonel commandant of Seventh regiment, commissioned November 11. 1778, and he held the same office and position as regimental commander during the year 1780. and also as acting colonel of the Seventh regiment, January 26. to May 25, 1781. He was reported on command at Boston about June i, 1781. At that time his duties appear to be divided between two jjlacfcs, Bo.ston and Peekskill. He was at this period reported as in command at West Point, and also as commanding the brigade. 1 78 1. The war had practically ended with the surrender of Cornwallis in that year, but troops were still retained in active service. Colonel Brooks was on furlough in Massachusetts from January 5, 1782, by leave of his general officers. During the last year mentioned he was reported as attending courtmartial in garrison, and from Sei)tember i, 1782, he was reported on furlough in Massachusetts by leave of General Washington. He was stationed at difYerent places on the Hvidson river and its neighborhood during 1782 and 1783. He reported at Philadelphia by leave of General Washington in 1783, and ended his services about June 13, 1783. when the war was finally ended.

In the battle of Saratoga, September 19, 1777, Lieutenant-Colonel Brooks occupied the extreme left of the American line, and was engaged with the German troops. On the 7th of

October, 1777, his regiment turned the right of the enemy's encampment, and .stormed the redoubt occupied by the Germans. His regiment remained masters of the field. He led the charge to the top of the intrenchments. He was also at Valley Forge. He was present at the battle of Monmouth. He was employed as an inspector (drill-master) under Steuben, in the field of military tactics. He was the friend and upholder of Washington at a most anxious moment in the affairs of the army. He retired in poverty from the service, and resumed his medical profession at Medford.

In battle his manner of attack was not a mere feint, but a direct attack in force ; witness his conduct at Merriam's Corner, at White Plains, and at Saratoga. His bravery was unquestioned. At Saratoga, at the second battle of the action of Bemis Heights, October 7, 1777. his conduct is thus described by an eye witness : "When the Colonel saw that the decisive moment had come, he lifted his sword in the air. and cried. 'Follow your Colonel at double (|uick!' He immediately led the way to the top of the intrenchments. crying. 'Come on. come on!' They did come on; and a most bloody and violent conflict ensued, in which they decided the fate of the day."

A letter of Governor Brooks from Valley Forge. Pennsylvania, dated January 5, 1778, states the precise reason why the British had been victorious in that region, namely their sui)eriority in numbers. He also describes in feeling terms the sufferings endured at Valley l-'orge by the private soldiers during their cantonment. He is severe on the lack of public spirit displayed by the inhabitants of the middle states. (See Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings, xiii : 243.)

He entered, says his biographer, on the duties of a soldier with ardor, and devoted all the powers of his mind to the cause of his country, and the profession of arms. His gentlemanly deportment and unassuming manners secured the favor of his superiors in office, and rendered him the delight of his equals and inferiors. His skill as a tactician was marked. After Bunker Hill battle, the advantages of superior discipline as shown on the part of the enemy were apparent to every one. These advantages made a strong impression on the American officers, and especially on the mind of Governor Brooks. He had showed early in his life his talent as a drillmaster, and his knowledge of tactics while in the regular army was acknowledged to be superior to that of his fellow ofificers. The corps he commanded was excellent as to discipline, drill, steadiness, and for its skillful movements, either in advance or in retreat. Some have gone so far as to say that his knowledge was second only to that of the celebrated Baron Steuben, a German officer engaged in reforming the American army. For this reason he was associated with that officer as an inspector-general in performing the difficult task of introducing a uniform system of exercise and manoeuvres into the army.

He was a major-general of militia in 1786. He was nominated a brigadier-general to serve in the provisional army raised in 1798, on prospect of war with France, but declined the position. During the war of 1812 he was adjutant-general of the state. We quote his biographer in relation to the value of these later military services. Dr. Dixwell says: "He was for many years major-general of the militia of his country, and established in his division such excellent discipline, and infused into it such an admirable spirit of emulation, that it was a most brilliant example for the militia of this state. In the insurrection of 1786 his division was very efficient in their protection of the courts of ju.stice, and in their support of the government of the state. At this time Governor Brooks represented his town in general court, and he gave support to the firm and judicious measures of Governor Bowdoin for suppressing that alarming rebellion. He was appointed by the acute and discriminating Governor Strong as his adjutantgeneral, in that perilous crisis of our affairs, the later war with England, (1812-1814). The ])rudence and discretion with which he discharged this arduous duty will be long remembered by his grateful countrymen."

He was frequently chosen a representative, was a member of the constitutional convention of 1788, several years a senator and a member of the executive council of the state, United States marshal, 1791-1796, inspector of revenue, 1796, and during the war of 1812 adjutant-general, and seven years from 18 16 to 1823, governor of Massachusetts.

He was admirably fitted to allay party animosities. Among his merits it is said that he maintained the dignity of the office, received distinguished strangers properly, being bred in the best school of manners - that of the highminded and accomplished officers of the army; and that in deportment he was grave and dignified like Washington, but warm and afifectionate. His amiable character and attractive manners made friends for him everywhere. The kindly afifections of his heart increased his acceptance w'ith the people as a popular physician. His practice was not only general in his own town, but was greatly extended to other towns. The parents of the writer of this sketch (not dwellers in Med ford) were assisted on their entrance into this world, 1803 and 1805, by his skilful hand. Judge then of his sacrifice on entering the army of his country, as a field officer of infantry, and the loss for nearly seven years thereby of a growing and profitable medical practice !

It is said that, when he left the army and returned to his home, he found himself so poor that at first he opened a small shop, but without success.

It is said that in his boyhood he formed an intimacy with the celebrated Count Rumford, with whom he kept up a correspondence until the death of the Count. The authority for this statement is unknown to the present writer. Count Rumford as a boy was known as Benjamin Thompson of Woburn, a highly intellectual man, distinguished in the higher pursuits of science, and a military man, who served on the British side at the close of the American Revolution, and later in one of the states of the European continent.

It is said that as a church-goer the Governor's influence was a powerful example to the people of his town. Late in life he declared his public belief in the authority of the scriptures. In 1820, on the division between the two leading sects of his neighborhood, he took side with the Unitarians., but never liked the extremes of either. It is said of him, "He lived as he professed." When General Lafayette came to Massachusetts in 1824, he dined with his friend and fellow officer, then living in retirement at Medford. The citizens gave the guest a general welcome. The dinner at the Governor's house was a private one, and about twenty were present. Governor Brooks departed this life on March i. 1825, aged seventy-three, and in 1838 his friends erected a granite pyramid to his memory in the old burying-ground of the town.

The judgment of his contemporaries is confirmed iDy those best able to decide on his medical abilities, as follows: "As a physician he ranked in the first class of practitioners. His manners were dignified, courteous and benign. His kind offices were peculiarly acceptable from the felicitous manner in which he performed them. He was accurate in his investigations and clear in his discernment. He pre- f erred erring on the side of prudence rather than on that of rashness. He watched the operations of nature, and never interfered unless it was obvious he could aid and support mer." Another cause of his fellow-citizens' appreciation of him is expressed in the sentence of Dr. Dixwell: "He soared above the sordid consideration of the property he should accumulate by his professional labors. His countrymen who have ever been distinguished for the acuteness of their discernment in judging of public men and measures, were always ready t(^ display their confidence in him. "

Devonshire, in England, was one of the first settlers of the new town of Woburn, and of that part of it which is now known as North Woburn. Here in i66i he built the "palatial house which is still one of the most imposing in the town, and which, though with some changes and occasional improvements," has been owned and occupied by his descendants for six generations. The house is tlie oldest dwelling in Woburn. The estate connected with it and its owner. Colonel Loammi Baldwin, contained in 1801 the large number of 212 acres, valued at $9,000 by the town assessors at that time. A late owner. George R. Baldwin, son of Colonel 1 Baldwin, is succeeded by his daughter. Mrs. Griffith. In 1820 the house was in looks much the same as now. The north chimney, put up by George R. Baldwin, was reputed to be the first "single Hue" chimney made in the country. He designed the chimney caps and built a small addition to the rear of the house. On the south, between the house and the canal, was formerly a beautiful garden, with walks and trees, superior to anything of the kind then in this section. All traces of its appointments having long since disappeared, "neither fountain, nor arbor, nor walk, nor boat, is there now to hint at the story of the past." In 1832 George R. Baldwin occupied the mansion house. Attached to tlie estate in 1820 was a farm house which, doubled in size, still exi.sts as an attachment to the larger place.

Henry Baldwin died Fe1)ruary 14. 1697-98; married November i, 1649, Phebe, baptized in Boston. June 3. 1632, died September 13, 1716. eldest daughter of Ezekiel and Susanna

Richardson. Children: 1. Susanna, born August 30, 1650; died September 28, 165 1. 2. Susanna, born July 25, 1652, died March 7. 1694; married Israel Walker (Samuel i), as his second wife. 3. Phebe, born September 7, 1654, died October 20, 1679, aged twenty-five; married November 7, 1676, Samuel Richardson (Samuel i ), as his third wife. 4. John, born October 28, 1656. 5. Daniel, born ]\Iarch 15, 1659-60; see forward. 6. Timothy, born May 27, 1661 ; see forward. 7. Mary, born July 19, 1663; died January 8, 1663-64. 8. Henry, born November 15, 1664; see forward. 9. Abigail, born August 20, 1667, died December 25, i/()()-r married December 4, 1705, John Reed ( Ral])h 2, William i), as his second wife. 10. Ruth, born July 31. 1670; unmarried and alive at the date of her father's will. II. Benjamin, born January 20, 1672- /2, ; see forward. Henry Baldwin the father, in will allowed April 4, 1698, names his wife Phebe; .sons Henry, Daniel, Timothy and Benjamin ; his son Israel Walker, husband of his daughter Susanna, and his grandson Israel Walker: his son Samuel Richardson, husband of his daugliter Phebe, and his grandson. Zachariah Richardson, son of Phebe; also his two daughters then single, Abigail and Ruth I Baldwin.

In the case of John Seers versus Lieutenant John Wyman, before the council in 1676, Daniel Baldwin, aged seventeen years, testified about the impressment of two horses, and that while pressing a horse belonging to John Wyman, who resisted the constable, said Wyman "suffered his negro servant to beat me with a great stick, and reproved him not." In the same case, on the testimony of several witnesses, Daniel Baldwin is called "grandchild to John Seers." and came with him to Lieutenant Wyman's garrison. The witnesses say Daniel Baldwin abused James Carringbone, negro servant of said Wyman, "both in words and deeds." calling him "Black Roag." and struck him with his gun across his back, and said he would "shute" him. Seers stated that Baldwin was a "solger" who came to Wyman's with him, and that one of Wyman's household struck said Baldwin with a "great stick." The particulars of this interesting case are published in "Woburn Men in the Indian and Other Wars," pp. TI-14 (editions of 1897 and 1903).

(II) Timothy Bakhvin, son of Henry ( i ). born at Woburn, May 27, 1661, died in Stoneham, March 11, 1733-34; married first, June 2, 1687, Elizabeth, born July 28, 1661. died lanuary 26, 1703-04, daughter of Ralph '(Ralph i) and Martha (Toothaker) Hill of Billerica ; married second July 9, 1706, Elizabeth, daughter of Lazarus and Ruth (Adams) Grover, of Maiden. She returned to Maiden (her will, May 13, 1752, lodged November 8, 1756, was probated in 1760). Children: i. Elizabeth, born May 29, 1688; died April 4, 1691. 2. Timothy, born November 20, 1689: see forward. 3. Ralph, born June 28, 1691 ; probably dead before 17 18. 4. Hannah, born September 6, 1692 ; died September 6. 1692. 5. Elizabeth, born June 21, 1695, in Charlestown or Stoneham. His will names wife, son Timothy and daughter Elizabeth, and grandchildren Ralph and Hannah, children of Timothy, Jr.. and Hannah (Richardson) Baldwin.

(III) Timothy Baldwin, son of Timothy (2), born in Woburn, November 20, 1689, ^^^^ December 3, 1750, aged sixty-one (gravestone at Stoneham) ; married June 10. 1713, Hannah, born May 6, 1689, died after 1766. daughter of Nathaniel (Thomas i) and Alary about April, 1752, John Vinton, and removed to Dudley ; after his death in 1760 she returned to Stoneham, where she was living in 1766. In November, 1763, she was living with her grandson Timothy, son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Baldwin) ^Matthews. ("Vinton Memorial," p. 378). Children: i. Ralph, born March 6, 17 14; died May i, 1731. 2. Hannah, born September 4, 171 5, married February 19, 1734, Joseph Vinton. 3. Elizabeth, born November 9, 1717; died November 25,

The younger Timothy Baldwin is styled "Ensign" on his gravestone, 1750. This office has its equivalent in the modern second lieutenant. His will dated November 7, 1750, mentions wife Hannah, and his daughters Hannah X'inton and Elizabeth Matthews. He also mentions a legacy given to his honored mother-in-law (stepmother) by his honored father. His father's will was dated July 12,

1 718. Elizabeth, his daughter, is mentioned in it as married at that date, but to whom does not appear. Agreements were made respecting the father's estate in 1734 and 1741. To Elizabeth, his wife, the father granted the use of a room in the east end of his house, and she released to the son her right to a room in the house, 1734. Her will devised to grandchildren Matthews and to Samuel Grover.

(II) Henry Baldwin, son of Henry (i), born in Woburn, November 15, 1664, died July 7, 1739; married May 4, 1692, Abigail, born February i. 1674, died January - , 1771, aged ninety-six or ninety-seven, daughter of David and Seaborn (Wilson) Fiske. first of Woburn and latterly of Lexington. Henry had all housing of his father, per will, after his mother Phebe had deceased, and all lands after his father's decease. Children: i. Henry, born January 12, 1692-93; see forward. 2. David, born April 9. 1696; see forward. 3. Isaac, born February 20. 1699- 1700; see forward. 4. Abigail, born February 13. 1701-02, died September 4, 1704. 5. James, born July 11, 1705, died June 12. 1709. 6. Abigail, born November 19, 1707, died before 1751 ; married John Converse, and removed to Leicester. 7. James, born October 19, 1710; see forward. 8. Samuel, born August 31, 1717; see forward. The last will of Henry B)aldwin, dated January 9. 1732-33. presented b}- James Baldwin, left August 6, 1739, probated September 10, 1739, names wife Abigail ; Henry Baldwin, eldest son ; sons David, Isaac, Samuel, and daughter Abigail Converse, and son James Baldwin, executor. He gave wife one-half part of house, northerly end, both upper and lower rooms, with the cellar under them; his son James had the other part. He confirmed certain gifts. He also gave his son James his sawmill and his rights to said sawmill stream.

2. Benjamin, born October 25, 1701. The statement, real or unfounded, has been made that Benjamin Baldwin resided at one time in Canterbury, Connecticut.

(HI) Henry Baldwin, son of Henry (2), born in Woburn, January 12, 1692-93, died in I'elham, New Hampshire; married May 7, 1717, Mary, born January 10, 1694-95. died October 25. 1798. aged 104. daughter of Joseph (Joseph 2, Samuel i ) and Mary (Blodget) Richardson. Children: i. Henry, born February 27, 1717-18. 2. Nathan, born Mav 18, 1720. 3. Mary, born January 4, 1721-22. The following is a contemporary notice of Mrs. Baldwin's death.

"At Shrewsbury. Mrs. ^Iar\- Jones, act. nearly 105 years. Her maiden name was Mary Richardson. She was born at Woburn. January loth. O. S., 1694. Her first husband was Henry Baldwin. Esq.. of Pelham. N. H.. by whom she had three children, who lived to settle in the world, and left families. Her second husband w^as Colonel Jones, of Ho|)- kinton, who died about the year 1772, since which time she remained a widow. She enjoyed a good degree of health, until within a few weeks of her death. The serenity of mind, and quietness of temper, which she possessed to an uncommon degree, doubtless contributed to her great age. Being early imprest with the importance of religion, the practice of it. ever ajipeared natural and easy. .\s she lived, so she died in the hope of a blessed immortality, and but a few hours before her death was able to express, with great propriety, her views and prospects of futurity." - Columbian Cciitincl (Boston), November 3, 1798.

Henry Baldwin, son of Henry (3), married Abigail Butler, of Pelham, New Hampshire. They settled in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts. Children: Mary, married Captain Elisha Ward, of Petersham; also Henry. Nathan, Thaddeus, Eliphalet. Kezia. Abigail, Relief, Lucretia. Henry married second, Alartha Abbott, widow of Ebenezer Abbott, and died November 17, 1789, aged seventy-two.

Mary, daughter of Henry (3), married Rev. Abner liayley, of Salem, New Hampshire. Children : Mary, married first William White, of Plaistow. and second Moses Webster, of Haverhill ; Elizabeth, married Henry Little, of Salem. New Hampshire ; Lavinia, married Rev. \\'illiam Kelley, of Warner, New Hampshire CA'inton Memorial," 378.)

William, .son of David (3). was graduated at i larvard College in 1748; married February L^- '753- Jane, daughter of Rev. William and lane Cook, of Sudbury, and was a deacon and magistrate in Sudbury, where he died.

Samuel, son of David (3), graduated at [larvard College. 1752; married January 2. 1771. Hannah, daughter of Judge John Cushing. of Scituate ; was ordained pastor at Hanover. ^Massachusetts, December i, 1756, dismissed March 8. 1780. and died December i, 1784, aged fifty- four.

Abigail, daughter of David (3). married May 7, 1752, Joseph Curtis, of Sudbury. She had a daughter Abigail who became the wife of Rev. Jonathan Barnes, of Hillsborough, New Hamjishire, December 14. 1774.

Boston Axd E.Xstern Massachusetts

Groton, a physician in a very large practice ; judge of probate; briga lier-general before and during the Revohition, 1768-1 781 ; afterwards major-general. He was also a member of the board of war and of the supreme executive council of Massachusetts ; a brother of Colonel William Prescott, who commanded in the redoubt on Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775; being third son (sixth child) of Hon. Benjamin and Abigail ( Oliver ) Prescott ; while Colonel William was their second son (fourth child). Lucy, sixth child of Hon. Oliver and Lydia ( Baldwin) Prescott, married Hon. Timothy Bigelow, of Med ford, and their eldest daughter Katherine married Hon. Abbott Lawrence.

Jeduthan or Jeduthun Baldwin, son of Isaac (3), was born at Woburn, January 13, 1732, and died at North Brookfield, Massachusetts, June 4, 1788, aged fifty-six; married, April 28, 1757, Lucy, daughter of Rev. Ebenezer Parkman, of Westborough. "The Revolutionary Journal of Col. Jeduthan Baldwin, 1775-1778," edited by Thomas Williams Baldwin, printed for the De Burians (Bangor), 1906, contains a memoir and notes, and illustrations, besides the journal. He was captain of a company in the expedition against Crown Point in 1755- 56, and served in the same capacity from Alarch to December, 1758, at Ticonderoga and at Fort DuQuesne. Twenty years afterwards he campaigned in the same country with different generals, as colonel and chief of engineers. He lived but a short time in W^oburn, as his father moved to Sudbury about 1734. The son left Sudbury when young, and settled in lirookfield, Massachusetts. ])robably about

1754. For a very full account of his life the reader is referred to the volume above named. He was survived by his widow, a son Luke, and a daughter Betsey, and besides these two there were two other children - one Jeduthun, aged six, killed by being thrown from a cart, October 31, 1763; the other, Isaac, a member of Harvard College, died April i, 1783, aged nineteen years.

The ])ublished journal of Colonel Jeduthan lialdwin mentions his father, Isaac Baldwin, under date of 1756, his brother Nahum, and later his father and mother, and uncle Samuel I'aldwin. Nahum married Martha Low, April 22, 1760. Isaac married Eunice Jennison, December 31, 1 761. Josiah married Susanna (iould, March 29, 1763.

Isaac, son of Isaac ( 3 ) , was mortally wounded at the battle of Bunker Hill, and died opposite the house of Colonel Royall, in Aledford. He belonged to Colonel John Stark's regiment, was the captain of his own company from the time of his entry into the service, April 23, 1775, and served two months, at six pounds per month, total amount of wages received twelve pounds, and number of miles travel, eighty. He was the ranking captain in his regiment. (N. H. State Papers; xiv. 50.)

Isaac Baldwin at the beginning of the war raised a company of men in Hillsborough, New Hampshire, and led them to Cambridge. While there a tender belonging to the enemy got aground on the Chelsea ferry ways, and he went with twelve of his men in open day in the face of the enemy and burned her, after taking out her guns and sails, by throwing a pitchfork of hay on fire in the cabin windows. Having accomplished this he put his men back one by one and brought up the rear himself under the fire of the British fleet, and in this way reached their quarters safely with four of his men wounded. He fought valiantly at Bunker Hill, and was shot through the breast and died that night. He is said to have loaded and discharged his musket three times after he was wounded. When his men were carrying him ofif the field he exhorted them to fight, assuring them that they would win the day and he would be with them again directly. He died that night. He came to Hillsborough in 1767, was a carpenter and joiner by trade, and when the news of the battles of Lexington and Concord came, he was at work framing a barn in an adjoining town.

AValtham, an account of which is given in Bond's "History of Watertown," pp. ii, 675. Isaac Baldwin, probably another son, served -in the Continental army in the Revolution, married Hannah Caldwell, of Woburn, May 15. 1794; had sons, Isaac, born November 26, 1794, and Charles, born July 2"], 1797, recorded on Woburn records. Isaac and wife Hannah were both admitted to Woburn precinct (or Burlington) church, September 14, 1800, and both were dismissed to Hillsborough. Children : Isaac, Charles, and Nahum. were baptized in Precinct church, Woburn, October 5, 1800.

(Ill) James Baldwin, son of Henry (2), born in \X'oburn, October 19, 1710, died June 28, 1 79 1, aged eighty-one; married May 29, 1739, Ruth, born June 17, 171 3, died May 13, 1 79 1, daughter of Joseph and ]\Iary (Blodget ) Richardson, sister of the wife of his brother llenry (3). Children: 1. Cyrus. born November 5, 1740; see forward. 2. Reuel, born ?klay 9, 1742; died February 21. 1745-46, aged three years, (gravestone at Woburn j. 3. Loammi, born January 10, 1744-45; see forward. 4. Reuel, born June 30, 1747 ; see forward. James, the father, was a carpenter "of good re])ute." and reported to have been the "master workman" in the erection of the Woburn precinct (or Turlington*) meeting-house in 1732, the frame of which is yet standing, but the exterior has been twice materially altered. He served one (lay in the Woburn cjuota on April 19. 1775, when the Woburn men in great numbers marched to Lexington and Concord and took ]^art in the battle there. James Baldwin in will dated A])ril 9, 1771, probated November 9, 1791, named wife Ruth, and sons Cyrus, Reuel. and Loammi (second son) executor. The son Loammi received one-half of the real estate after decease of the wife, Ruth.

(HI) Captain Samuel lialdwin, son of Henry (2), born at \\'oburn, .Vugust 31, 1717, died at Weston, July 21. 1778, aged sixty-one; married first, March 23, 1741-42, Elizabeth, born March 25, 1715. died Eebruary 7. 1757. daughter of Captain James and Sarah (Moore) Jones, of W'eston ; married second J\larch 30, 1758, Sarah Deming, of Needham, died May 2, 1760, aged thirty-nine; married third, March 25, 1762, Rebecca Cotton, born November 14, T725. died January 16. 1795, aged seventy- (Mie, daughter of Rev. John and ^lary (Gibbs) Cotton. Children by wife Elizabeth: i. Samuel, born at Falmouth, July 28, 1743; married Jul\- 7. 1763, ]\Iillicent Cutler." 2. Elizabetli, born at Weston. June 18, 1745;

(I\') Cyrus Paldwin, son of James (3), born at \\'oburn, November 5, 1740, was drowned at Dunstable, November 5, 1790; married Ruth \\'ilson, of Bedford, and died without issue. His wife was perhaps Ruth, born October 6. 1745, daughter of James and Lydia Wilson, of Bedford. Samuel Thompson, Es(|uire, of Woburn, wrote in his diary, under date of .Xovember 5, 1790: "i^'air. C\rus Haldwin, l''s(|uire, drowned at Dunstable," and (in .Sunday, November 7, following, he recorded the item: "Cyrus Paldwin, I'^sciuire's, cf)rpse brought to \\'oburn ;" and on Ncn'ember 10, he wrote: "Very cold. Came home from Salem. Cvrus Baldwin l)uried."

Cyrus Baldwin was taxed in the West List, Woburn, 1776. and received his proportion of a war assessment which he had paid before 1777. He lived for a time during the Revolutionary war in I)OSton, and was first lieutenant of the Eighth Ward company in Colonel Ilenr}- Bromfiold's (Boston) militia regiment, and commissioned such, November 25, 1776. In the dignified manner of the newspapers of that day, the following is the only public mention of his death : "Died - At Dunstable. Cyrus Baldwin, Es(|., formerly of this town." - Columbian Ceiitiiicl, I'oston, November 24, 1790.

The "\'arnum Genealogy," p. 68, shows that Elizabeth \arnum, born April 26, 1741, daughter of Abraham and his second wife Rachel \'arnum, married Cyrus Baldwin, of'

*Captain Samuel (4) Baldwin (Samuel 3, Henry 2. Henry 1) wrote a narrative in his eighty-.second year, wliich posse.sse.s considerable interest. He mentioned his marriage to Millicent Cutler, the daughter of Captain Ebenezer Cutler, of Lincoln, and the names of their children. He removed from Weston to Northbridge in 1766, and thence to Windsor. Berkshire county. Massachu.setts. - Letter of Mrs. Mercv (Baldwin) Howard, .lulv 22, 1907.

Chelmsford, possibly a second wife of the above Cyrus Baldwin. This wife was probably the Mrs. Betsy Baldwin who died at Dracut, January 6, 1827.

(IV) Colonel Loammi Baldwin, son of James (3), born January 10. 1744-45, at "New Bridge" (North Woburn), died at his birthplace, October 20, 1807, aged sixty-three years (monument at Woburn); married first, July 9, 1772, Mary, died September 29, 1786, aged thirty-nine years, daughter of James Fowle, Jr., (Major John 3, Capt. James 2, Lieut. James i, Fowle) and Mary (Reed) Fowle, (daughter of Lieutenant Israel and Hannah Wyman Reed) ; second. May 26, 1 79 1, Margaret, born October 6, 1767, died August 8, 1799. daughter of Josiah (Major John 3, Capt. James 2, Lieut. James i Fowle) and Margery (Carter) Fowde. Children: i. Cyrus, born June 22, 1773. see forward; 2. Alary, born April 24, 1775, died May 15, r776, "of canker rash;" 3. Benjamin Franklin, born December 15, 1777, see forward; 4. Loammi, born May 16, 1780, see forward; 5. James Fowle, born April 29, 1782, see forward; 6. Clarissa, born December 31, 1791, died May 27, 1841 ; married, January 20. 1812, Thomas B. Coolidge ; see forward; 7. George Rumford, born January 26, 1798; see forward.

In early life he discovered a strong desire for acquiring knowledge, and attended the grammar school in Woburn under the instruction of Master John Fowde, a noted teacher of that time, the school being a moveable one, being kept at successive periods first in the centre of the town and secondly at the ])recinct, or the part of Woburn now incorporated in the town of Burlington. At a more advanced period of life, with the intention of obtaining a thorough acquaintance wdth natural and experimental philosophy, he would walk from North Woburn to Cambridge, in company with his schoolmate, Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, and attend the lectures of Professor John Winthrop at Harvard College, for which liberty had been given, and upon their return home on foot they were in the habit of illustrating the principles they had heard enunciated in the lecture room by making rude instruments for themselves to pursue their experiments.

He was present in the battle of Lexington. As early as 1768 he had enlisted in a company of horse-guards, and was not wholly destitute of military experience when summoned a little before the break of day to the field at Lexington and Concord on April 19,. 1775. In his own statement he says: "We mustered as fast as possible. The Town ti^irned out extraordinary, and proceeded toward Lexington." Holding the rank of a major in the militia, he says, "I rode along a little before the main body, and when I was nigh Jacob Reed's (at present Durenville) I heard a great firing; proceeded on, soon heard that the Regulars had fired upon Lexington people and killed a large number of them. We proceeded on as fast as possible and came to Lexington and saw about eight or ten dead and numbers wounded." He then, with the rest from Woburn, proceeded to Concord by way of Lincoln meeting house, ascended a hill there, and rested and refreshed themselves a little. Then follows a ]jarticular account of the action and of his own experience. He had "several good shots," and proceeded on till coming between the meeting-house and lUickman's tavern at Lexington, with a ])risoner before him, the cannon of the liritish began to play, the balls fiying near liim, and for safety he retreated back behind the meeting-house, when a ball came through near his head, and he further retreated to a meadow north of the house and lay there and heard the balls in the air and saw them strike the ground. Woburn sent to the field on that day one hundred and eighty men. At the beginning of the war he enlisted in the regiment of foot commanded by Colonel Samuel Gerrish. Here he was rapidly advanced to be lieutenant-colonel, and upon Colonel Gerrish's retirement in zAugust, 1775, he was placed at the head of the regiment, and was soon commissioned its colonel. His regiment was first numbered the thirty-eighth and was afterwards numbered the twenty-sixth. Its original eight companies were increased to ten. Till the end of 1775, Colonel Baldwin and his men remained near Boston; but in April, 1776, he was ordered with his command to New York City. On April 19 of that year he was at New York; on June 13, 1776, at the Grand Battery there ; on June 22, the same ; and on December 26, 1776, his regiment, commanded by himself, "went on the expedition to Trentown" (Trenton). In this regiment was one company from W^oburn commanded by Captain John Wood. On the memorable night of December 25, 1776, in the face of a violent and extremely cold storm of snow and hail. General Washington and his army crossed the Delaware to the New Jersey side, and took by surprise the next morning at Trenton about one thousand Hessian troops commanded by

Colonel Baldwin's experience in the campaigns in New York and New Jersey is told in his letters to his family at home and many of these letters have been sacredly preserved by his descendants. During 1775-76 he was stationed with about two hundred or more of his men at Chelsea, while other companies of his regiment were stationed about Boston at Brookline and Medford. The "History of Chelsea," about to be published by the Massachusetts Historical Society, contains a great mass of material relating to the stay of a portion of the regiment at Chelsea, where their duties were those mostly of guards.

Colonel Baldwin resigned from the army in A"]"/"] on account of ill health. His subsequent life was spent in his native place, and was marked by an enterprising spirit and the active habits of his youth. He had a talent and ca])acity for business. He was, in his public career, appointed on many committees on important town business : the records of the town and many autographic town papers are ample evidence of this. He was appointed high sheriff of Middlesex county in 1780, and was the first to hold office after the adoption of the state constitution. In 1778. 1779 and 1780, and the four following years, he represented Woburn in the general court. In 1794 he was a candidate for election to congress, and had all the votes cast in Woburn but one. In 1796, on three trials for the choice of the same officer, he had all the votes for the first two in Woburn, and on the third seventy-four votes out of the seventy-six cast in Woburn. At other elections he was a prominent candidate among those held up in Woburn for the offices of state senator, lieutenant-governor and presidential elector.

bYom his acquaintance with mathematics and the arts and sciences of his time, he was chosen a member of the American .\cademy of Arts and Sciences, and to the publications of that 1)ody he contributed two papers, entitled, "An account of a Curious Appearance of the Electrical Fluid." (Alemoirs Am. Acad. vol. i. 1785. PP- 257-259) ; and "Observations on Electricity and an Improved Mode of Constructing Lightning Rods," (Memoirs, vol 2, pt. 2. 1804, pj). 96-104). The first paper was written in 1783. and the "curious appearance" described was produced by raising an electrical kite at the time of a thunder shower. The ex]ieriments, however, were tried in July,

1 77 1. At that time the author mentions that there stood some lofty trees near his house, and also a shop near by it. His parents, family, and neighbors witnessed the "electrical effect" he succeeded in producing. The date of preparing the second article was January 25, 1797. Colonel Baldwin wrote a sketch of Count Rum ford which was printed in a local publication in 1805. He was also the author of a report on the survey of the Boston and Narragansett Bay Canal, 1806. Of the Academy he was elected a Fellow in 1782^ and was a member of the council 1785 to 1796, and from 1798 to 1807. Further, see Cutter, "Local History of Woburn," p. 203. He received from Harvard College the flegree of Master of Arts in 1785. He was not one, however, who for the sake of popularity would sacrifice his principles of duty to the public, though, as the above votes show, he was deservedly a favorite with his townsmen and fellow citizens generally. Thus he protested with others against the action of the town in 1787 in the time of the Shays Rebellion, when the majority of the citizens of Woburn voted not to give any encouragement to the men called out to go on the present expedition, nor to aid or assist it. But against this proceeding of the town Colonel Baldwin and thirty-six others at once entered their protest, and two days after, the town itself reconsidered the votes it had j)assed on this subject.

He took a prominent part in the construction of the Middlesex Canal, completed in 1803, one of the earliest enterprises of the sort in the "C^nited States.

To him the discovery and the introduction to public notice and the earliest cultivation of the Baldwin ai)ple, about 1784, has been justly ascribed. lie was one day surveying land at a ])lace called Butters" Row, in Wilmington, near the bounds of that town. Woburn and Burlington, when he observed one or more birds of the woodpecker variety flying repeatedly to a certain tree on land of a Mr. James Butters, and prompted by curiosity to ascertain the cause of their attraction, he at length went to it, and found on the ground under it apples of an excellent flavor and well worth cultivating; and returning to the tree the next spring he took from it scions to graft into stocks of his own. Other persons induced by his advice or example grafted trees of theirs from the same stock; and subseqently when Colonel Baldwin attended court or went into other parts of the county as high sheriff, he carried scions of this apple and distributed them among his acquaintances, so that this species of fruit soon became extensively known and cultivated. The original tree remained, it is said, till 1815, when it was blown down in the famous "September gale." The apple thus became known as the "Baldwin apple."

His name is also associated with that of the celebrated Count Rumford. In childhood they were opposite neighbors, playmates and schoolmates. They attended lectures at Harvard College together. Baldwin befriended him when arrested by one of the local military companies as a person inimical to the cause of the colonies, and he was tried and acquitted by a court of which Baldwin appears to be one of the members. To the last, though separated by the ocean and political preferences, they were enthusiastic friends and correspondents - the one was an American officer, and the other an officer in the opposing British forces.

The history of his house, which is still standing at North Woburn, may be told in the following words taken from the recorded statements of different members of his family at different periods. The house was built in 1661, as appeared by the date on a timber which was lying about the house in 1835. It was owned by Henry (i ) Baldwin from 1661 to his death in 1697. He was succeeded by Henry (2) Baldwin, who latterly went to New Hampshire. Henry (2) was succeeded in ownership by James (3), who died June 28, 1791, and son of Henry (2) ; Loammi, son of James, to 1807, who put on a third story in 1802 or 1803. Benjamin F. Baldwin, son of Loammi, was the owner from 1807 to 1822: Loanmii (second) and Mary and Clarissa Baldwin were joint owners from 1822 to 1836; and George R. Baldwin, sole owner, from 1836 to his death, October 11, 1888. Mrs. Catharine R. Griffith, daughter of George Rimiford Baldwin, is the present owner, 1888 to 1907. Colonel Loammi Baldwin's estate embraced from his inventory, which is very lengthy, a very large amount of land, in 1801, according to a town assessor's list. 212 acres. His son Benjamin F. Baldwin occupied his estate from 1807 to about 1822, as above mentioned.

The selectmen of Boston, at a meeting on April 15, 1772, paid Loammi Baldwin, of \Yoburn, forty dollars, the premium they adjudged to him for raising the greatest number of mulberry trees in response to an advertisement published in Edes and Gill's Gazette, 1768. The selectmen took a receipt of Baldwin, and also an obligation to dispose of one-half the trees under the conditions mentioned in said advertisement. The first j^remium was awarded to Loammi Baldwin. Cnder this competition Mr. John Hay, of Woburn. received twenty dollars as the premium adjudged him for raising the third greatest number of mulberry trees. The statement in the advertisement was that a gentleman of Boston had deposited one hundred dollars with the selectmen to be distributed as premiums to encourage the raising of mulberry trees in the province. The conditions of the awards were also given. The name of the donor was William Whitwell.

In accordance with the dignified custom of that time the following notice of Colonel Loammi Baldwin's decease was published in the leading Boston newspaper of that date: "Died - In Woburn, yesterday morning, Hon. Loammi Baldwin, Esq.. aet. sixty-two. His funtral on Friday next, which the friends and relatives are requested to attend, without a further invitation." - Cohtiiibian Ccntincl, October 21, 1807.

(IV) Reuel Baldwin, son of James (3), born June 30, 1747, died April 18, 1775; married October 4, 1769, Keziah, born April 8. 1748, died October 23, 1822, daughter of Zebadiah and Abigail (Pierce) Wyman. She married second, August 5, 1777, Reuben Johnson. Children: i. Reuel, born December 21, 1770. 2. James, born October 7, 1773. 3. Ruth, born June 5, 1774. 4. Josiah, born May 14, 1775. The probate of Reuel Baldwin's estate, April 22, 1776, names Keziah, his widow, and his four minor children - Reuel, Ruth, James and Josiah. According to these papers Josiah was dead before 1794. James, born 1773, a deacon, died November 25, 1827, at Nashua, New Hampshire (monument at Little's Cemetery at that place). Ruth Baldwin married Ichabod Richardson, Jr., both of Woburn, September 21, 1791.

(V) Cyrus Baldwin, son of Loammi (4), born at Woburn, June 22, 1773, died at Chelmsford, June 23, 1854; married April 28, 1799, Elizabeth, born September 5, 1782, died December 7, 1853, daughter of Bradley and Rachel (Butterfield) Varnum, of Dracut. He was for many years the agent of the Middlesex Canal Company, and resided at the head of the canal in Chelmsford. He was appointed inspector and sealer of gunpowder at the factory which was first Flale's and afterwards Whipple's, at Lowell. One child, died Mav 28,1815.

son of Loammi (4), born at Wobiirn, December 15, 1777, died suddenly October 11, 1821, aged forty-tbree, wbile on bis return from tbe cattle sbow in Brigbton ; married May I. 1808, Alary Carter Brewster, born September 11, 1784. died June 18, 1874, daugbter of Benjamin and Mary Carter ( Ikewster ) Coolidge. He carried on tbe business of a yeoman, and left bis widow a handsome estate. She afterwards married Wyman Richardson, Esq., and still later Burrage Yale, and spent tbe last of her life with her children at Pomfret, Connecticut. IJenjamin Franklin Baldwin held tbe office of captain in tbe militia from 1800 to 1805, of major from 1807 to 181 1, and of lieutenant-colonel of the local regiment from 181 1 to 1816. Rolls of his company of date 1802 are extant. It is said that in addition of his other pursuits he devoted himself to the business of civil engineering, and assisted his brother in the construction of the milldam across tbe P.ack Pa}- in Boston, and in other works. Children: i. jMary Brewster, born March 26, 1809, died December 28, 181 7. 2. Clarissa, born November 29, 1810, died July 15, 181 3. 3. Loammi, born April 25, 1813; see forward. 4. Mary Prewster, born Januar\- U), 1815, died October 23, 1854; married December 28. 1836, Professor Roswell Park. Professor Roswell Park, of tbe L'niversity of Pennsylvania, later entered tbe ministry and became Rev. Rc^swell Park. D. D. ; born October i, 1807, died July 16, 1869. 5. Clarissa Coolidge, born December 1, 1819, died January 22, 1900; married May 16, 1843, Dr. Lewis Williams.

Loammi, born April 25, 1813, died .March i, 1855, married March 2, 1847, Helen bLliza Avery. Their children were i. Mary Emily, born January 31, 1848; married September 25. 1872, Darius Matbewson : son. George Paidwin, born June, 1881, died May, 1882. 2. Loammi Franklin,* born November 6. 1849; married September 11, 1873, Kate Wyman Richardson ; children : Clara Richardson, born September i, 1874; Mary Prewster, born September 17, 1875; James Rumford. born December 19, 1880.

(V) Loammi Baldwin, son of Loammi, (4). was born at North Woburn, May 16, 1780, and died June 30, 1838. intombed at \Voburn. He was fitted for college at Westford Academy, and graduated from Harvard College in 1800. His early inclinations were towards mechanical subjects, to which very little attention was paid in the learned education of that time; and during bis college life he made with bis own bands a clock which kept go(^d time and was tbe wonder and admiration of bis class. He was put down as Xo. 9 in a list for "an exhibition in mechanics." In 1806 he was vice-president of the Phi P.eta Kappa. In 1799 his father wrote to bis friend. Count Rumford, then residing in London, that 'T have a son at college, whose genius inclines him strongly to cultivate the arts. . . T have therefore thought whether it would not be best to endeavor to provide him with a place for a year or two with .some gentleman in tbe mathematical line of business in Europe, who is actually in the occu])ation of making and vending mathematical and optical instruments.

It may be that you know of some good place. 1 le is very lively, ready and enterprising."' Count Rumford wrote a reply explaining tbe situation very fully, but he said that "no instrument maker or dealer in such wotild. without a very large premium, undertake to instruct a young gentleman in tbe course of two or three years, and make him perfect in both branches of the trade."

This scheme, however, was not followed any further. L'pon graduating from college he entered the law office of Timothy Bigelow, at Groton. Here he constructed a fire-engine, of which the town stood in great need ; and the small machine was still in active service a short time ago. He completed his studies at Groton, and opened an office in Cambridge in 1804. and in 1807, having abandoned the practice of the law for engineering, he went to England for tbe purpose of examining the various public works of that country. He intended at that time to visit the continent, but was prevented by tbe difficulty of reaching France. On his return be opened an office in Charlestown and began the life for which be was so admirably fitted. One of the earliest works upon which he was engaged was the construction of Fort Strong, in 1814, during the war, one of the strong forts erected for defense against the British in Boston Harbor. He was chief engineer with the rank of colonel, at this time a title which has sometimes confounded him with his father, who bore that rank in the army of the Revolution. In 1819 he was appointed engineer to complete the undertaking of building the Milldam, or Western avenue, now the extension of Beacon street, Boston, beyond the Common. From 1817 to 1820 he was engaged upon various works of internal improvement in Virginia. In 1821 he was appointed engineer of the Union Canal in Pennsylvania. An elaborate description of this work was prepared in 1830 by W. Milnor Roberts.

In 1824 Mr. Baldwin went to Europe and remained there a year, mostly in France, devoted to a careful examination of the important public works in that country. He went also to Antwerp to inspect the docks there, and at this time he laid the foundation of the largest and best professional library of engineering works that was to be found in America, - to which he added, until at his death it had cost nearly eight thousand dollars.