Boston City (part 45 of 67)

(IN) Stephen, born in Gorham, in 1776, graduated at Harvard College in 1798. After studying law in Portland he was admitted to the Cumberland bar in iSoi. where he .soon attained much distinction. In ])(ilitics he was an ardent I^^ederalist, and represented Portland in the Massachusetts general court in 1814. In 1822, after the separation of Maine from Massachusetts, he was one term in congress. In 1828 he received the degree of LL. D. from Bowdoin College, of which he had been a trustee for nearl}- twentx' years. He was elected ])resident of the Maine Historical Society in 1834. He married, January I. 1804, Zilpah, daughter of General Peleg Wadsvvorth, of Portland, and died in the famous W'adsworth-Longfellow house there in 1849. \\ illiam Willis, the historian, said of Hon. Stephen Longfellow: "No man more surely gained the confidence of all who api:)roached him, or held it firmer ; and those who knew him l)est, loved him most." In this same house., which had been her home since childhood, Zilpah (Wadsworth) Longfellow died, in March. 1851, and her illustrious son, America's best loved poet, wrote in his journal, under date of March 12. 185 1 : "In the chamber wdiere I last took leave of her. lay my mother, to w^elcome and take leave of me no more. I sat all that night alone with her, without terror, almost without sorrow, so tranquil had been her death. A sense of peace came over me, as if there had been no shock or jar in nature, but a harmonious close to a long life." Mrs. Longfellow was noted for her purity, patience, cheerfulness and fine manners, and held a high position

General Wadsworth was descended from John .Vlden and Priscilla Mullen.s, whose courtship has become well known to all Americans and thousands of foreigners through the charming poem written by his grandson. The General's wife. Elizabeth Bartlett, was a descendant of Richard \Varren and Henry Samson, and the blood of nine persons who came over in the historic "^ilaytlow-er" flowed in the veins of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

( \' ) Of such ancestry was born Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, at Portland, Maine, February 2"] , 1807, and he grew to manhood with the best possible inheritance and environment. His fir.st letter was written to his father, who was attending the general coiut in Boston, and seems worthy of reproduction even in a short sketch :

'i\:>rtland, (Jan. - , 1814). Papa: .\nn wants a little Bible like little lietsey's. Will you please buy her one, if you can find any in Boston. I have been to school all the week, and got only seven marks. I shall have a billet on Monday. 1 wish you bu\- me a drum. Henry W. Longfellow."

.\t tile age of five he had been fired with mi!itar\ ardor at the breaking out of the war of 1812. and msisted upon having his hair powdered and carrying a tin gun, ready to march for the invasion of Canada. His first printed verses, called "The Battle of Lovell's Pond" appeared in the Portland Gazette, November 17, 1820, and although his brother and biographer. Rev. Samuel Longfellow, thought other boys of thirteen have written better verses, few have been actuated by more ])atriotic imimlses. The Longfellow children were thrilled by their (jrand father Wadsworth's accounts of his capture by liritish soldiers, his being imprisoned at Castine, and his escape at last, and these .stories made an impression upon Henry which shows in many of his patriotic poems, so lasting are early influences. In i82r Longfellow^ entered Bowdoin College, but ]mrsued the first year's studies at home, taking \\\) residence at Brunswick in 1822. He maintained a high rank in his class - one of marked ability - and graduated fourth, standing higher than thirty-four classmates. At commencement he was assigned an English oration. "His was the first claim to the poem, but as that effort had no definite rank, it was thought due to him that he should receive an a]i])ointment whicli placed his scholarship beyond (|uestion."' This statement of his standing in college was made by his old teacher there. Professor A. S. Packard. In May, 1826. he sailed in a packetship for France, to study in Europe that he might ht himself to be professor of modern languages at Bowdoin. His experiences there were most interesting, and among them his acquaintance with Lafayette was particularly so, he having taken a letter to the Marc^uis, who was entertained at the Wadsworth- Longfellow house in 1825. In August, 1829, he returned to America, and the following month took up his work as professor of modern languages, editing for his classes several French and Spanish text-books. In September, 1831, he married Mary Storer Potter, daughter of Judge Barnett Potter, of Portland. She was a very beautiful young woman. of unusual cultivation. He held his Bowdoin professorship five and a half years, constantly at work upon translations, and while in Brunswick arranged to publish "Outre-Mer." In 1834 he was offered the Smith professorship of modern lang\iages at Harvard, and at once resigned at Bowdoin, and set sail, in April, 1835, for Europe, to perfect himself in German, and to make himself familiar with the Scandinavian tongues. Mrs. Longfellow died, in Rotterdam. November 29, 1835, and he at once left for Heidelberg, where he passed the winter and spring, spending the summer in Switzerland, and returning to America in October, 1836. In December of that year Mr. Longfellow moved to Cambridge and assumed his duties at Harvard.

In 1839 "Hyperion" was published; also "\'oices of the Night," his first volume of poems. In a short time followed "Ballads and Other Poems." "The Spanish Student," "The Poets and Poetry of Europe," "Evangeline" came out in 1847; "Kavanagh" in 1849; "Hiawatha" in 1855 ; "The Courtship of Miles Standish" in 1858 ; "Tales of a Wayside Inn" in 1863; "New England Tragedies" in 1868; and between this last year and 1880 appeared the translation of Dante's "Divine Comedy." "The Divine Tragedy." "Christus," "Aftermath." "The Mas(|ue of Pandora, and Other Poems," "Keramos and Other Poems," and "L'ltima Thule," besides the "Poems of Places." in thirty-one volumes, which Longfellow edited.

In July, 1843, Mr. Longfellow married Frances Elizabeth Appleton, daughter of Mr. Nathan Appleton. of Boston, who is described as "a woman of stately presence, cultivated intellect, and deep, though reserved, feeling." Their life in the charming old Craigie House in Cambridge was ideal, and they were constantly visited by the literary men of America and all foreigners who appreciated the charm of his poetry, and could secure letters of introduction. Flis intimacy with Emerson, Lowell, Holmes. Whittier, Motley, Agassiz, Ihyant, Sumner. Bancroft. Cornehus Conway Felton. Richard Henry Dana, father and son ; James T. Fields, Ferdinand Freiligrath, Arthur Hugh Clough, George W. Greene. Hawthorne, Charles Eliot Norton, Prescott, Ticknor, Samuel Ward, and many other noted men, both in this country and Europe, gave great pleasure, and the letters which were exchanged between them prove how deep was their attachment. ]\Irs. Longfellow was fatally burned, July 9, t86i, and the burns which her husband received while trying to extinguish the flames which enveloped her, kept him an invalid for some time. The "Cross of Snow," which was found among his papers after his death, expresses very beautifully his great grief, even after eighteen years had passed.

Mr. Longfellow's eldest son, Charles Appleton Longfellow, went to the front in March, 1863, and was wounded the following November. The father's anxiety must have been great, but how could a son of his, with all the Wadsworth military traditions, have failed to volunteer in the dark days of 1863? In June, 1868, Mr. Longfellow and a large family party, consisting of his two sisters, his brother Samuel, his three daughters, his son Ernest and his wife, and Mr. Thomas Appleton, the beloved brother-in-law, went to Europe, where much attention was showed him. Queen Victoria received him at Windsor, after informing him she should be sorry to have him pass through England without meeting him. Mr. Gladstone, Sir Henry Holland, the Duke of Argyll, Lord John Russell, and Tennyson, entertained him, and even the lower classes showed their admiration. He said that no foreign tribute paid him touched him deeper than the words of an English hodcarrier, who came up to the carriage door at Harrow and asked permission to take the hand of the man who had written "The \"oices of the Night." After fifteen months of delightful travel the l)arty returned and the last years of the poet's life were spent in Cambridge with occasional visits to his native town and other places. In Craigie House, surrounded by his family and mourned by thousands, he passed away, ^larch 24, 1882. and surely n(^ lovelier spirit ever dwelt among men. The British nation has enshrined his image in Westminster Abbey ; liis native town has placed a bronze statue in a square named for him. But such fame as his needs no outward emblazoning while human hearts can thrill with emotion at his lofty sentiments most gracefully expressed.

Mrs. Anne (Longfellow) Pierce, a beloved sister of Longfellow, most generously donated to the^ ]\Iaine Historical Society the Wadsworth-Longfellow House in Portland, where lived General Wadsworth, his distinguished sons - Lieutenant Henry Wadsworth, killed at Tripoli, at the age of nineteen, while serving under Commodore Preble; Commodore Alexander Scammell Wadsworth, who was second in command to Captain Hull in the famous fight of the "Constitution" and "Guerriere ;" the Rev. Samuel Longfellow, the well known Cnitarian clergyman, whose exquisite hymns breathe forth the true spirit of religion, and whose biography of his brother is a model of such work. But its best known inmate was .Vmerica's loved poet, llcnr\- Wadsworth Longfellow, to honor whose memory and to visit whose early home thousands yearly throng the rooms in which grew to manhood one who was descended from the best blood of New England, and who shed an added lustre upon names already distinguished.

He received substantial instruction from his mother, and also from his aunt, Mary Moody Emerson, a woman of deep scholarship, and entered the grammar school at the age of eight, soon afterward entering the Latin school. He was already giving evidence of his intellectual powers, when eleven years old writing a poetic version from Virgil, and other verse. When fourteen he entered Harvard College. As a student there he excelled in Greek, history, composition and declamation, winning several prizes in the two latter subjects ; was class poet in 1 82 1, and had a part at commencement. Eor a few years he assisted his brother as teacher in a school preparatory to Harvard and also in a young ladies' school in Boston. At the age of twenty he took up the study of theology, and attended lectures at Harvard Divinity School, but did not pursue the full course. He accepted the Channing theology, was licensed to preach, and supplied various

])ul[)its. In 1829 he became colleague of Rev. Henry Ware, Jr., pastor of the Second Church (Unitarian) Boston, and for eighteen months occupied the pulpit wdiile that divine was abroad, finally succeeding him, and remained in the pastorate until 1832, when he resigned, on account of conscientious scruples against administering the communion as provided in the church office. In the two last years of his ministry his church was open to all classes of reformers, and several anti-slaveryites spoke there. In 1833 he visited Europe, in quest of health, meeting Walter Savage Landor, Coleridge, W^ordsworth and Carlyle, and preached in London and elsewhere. In 1833-34 he lectured in Boston on "The Relation of Man to the Globe," and "Travels in Europe." In the latter year he was invited to the pastorate of the Unitarian Church in New Bedford, but fleclined t)n account of his scrujjles with reference to communion. In 1835 he lectured in Boston on biogra|)hical subjects - Luther. Milton, Burke, -Michael .\Mgelo, and George Eox. In 1835 he lectured before the American Institute of Instruction on "Means of Inspiring a Taste for English Literature." During successive winters he lectured in lloston on "l'"nglisli Literature." I'hilosophy of ilistory," and "Human Culture." In 1838 he preached for several months in the I'nitarian Church at East Lexington but declined a settlement, saying, "My jndpit is the lyceum jjlatform." In 1838-39 he lectured on "Resources of the Present Age," and in 1839- 40 on "Human Life." In 1838 he delivered the address before the graduating class of Harvard Divinity School, in which he explicitly defined his faith, and which awoke such controversy that he separated from the Unitarians. In 1839 began the transcendentalism movement in 1 Boston, and Mr. Emerson became an assistant editor of its organ, The Dial, in 1842 became sole editor, and acted as such until 1844, wdien it lapsed. In 1841 was organized the Brook Farm experiment, with which he did not fully sympathize, but its founders and leaders were among his intimate friends, and he frequently visited them.

In 1841 "Sir. Emerson's first volume of essays was published, and republished in England, winning for him high reputation there as well as in the United States. In 1847 '""^ lectured in various places in England on "Representative Men," and in London on "The Mind and Manners of the Nineteenth Century," and also lectured in Scotland, where he was most cordially received. On his return home he lectured on "Characteristics of the English People." He was among the first contributors to The Atlantic Monthly at its founding. In i860 he warmly espoused the anti-slavery cause; in January, 1861, took a prominent part in the annual meeting of the Massachusetts Anti-slavery Society; and in February, 1862, delivered an anti-slavery address in Washington, on "American Civilization," which was heard by Mr. Lincoln and his cabinet, and next day the President made his personal acquaintance and the two held a long conference on the subject of slavery. From 1868 to 1870 he lectured at Harvard on "The Natural History of the Intellect." In 1872 he lost many valuable papers, including the sermons of his father, by the burning of his house, and in this disaster contracted a cold and sustained a shock from which he never recovered. He delivered the last address he ever wrote, April 19, 1875, on the one hundredth anniversary of the Concord fight, at the unveiling of French's statue, "The Minute-man." In 1879 he lectured on "Memory," before the Concord School of Philosophy, and the following year delivered his one hundredth lecture before the Concord Lyceum, on ''New England Life and Letters." He was an overseer of Harvard College, 1867-79 ; a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; a member of the American Philosophical Society, and the Massachusetts Historical Society. He received the degree of LL. D. from Harvard College in 1866. Mr. Emerson married, September, 1829, Ellen L. Tucker, who died in February, 1832. He married second, September, 1835, Lydia Jackson, daughter of Charles Jackson, and a descendant of Rev. John Cotton. He died in Concord, Massachusetts, April 27, 1882.

authors and who has left an enduring mark upon American literature and thought, was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, February 22, 1819, and came of an excellent ancestry.

He was descended from Percival Lowell, wdio came from Bristol, England, in 1639, and settled in Newbury. His father, Rev. Charles IvOwell, was born in Boston, August 15, 1782, son of Judge John and Rebecca (Russell) Tyng Lowell, and grandson of Rev. John and Sarah ( Champney) Lowell and of Judge James and Katherine (Graves) Russell, these ijenerations numberino- amone their members

Charles Lowell was graduated from" Harvard College A. B. 1800, A. M. 1803 ; studied theology in Edinburgh, Scotland, 1802-04; was made a fellow of Harvard, 1818; and received from the same institution the degree of S. T. D. in 1823. After completing his theological course in Edinburgh he traveled for a year in Europe. He was installed pastor of the West Congregational Church, Boston, January I, 1806, and served in that capacity fiftyfive years. His health failing, in 1837, Dr. Cyrus A. Bartol became his associate, and Dr. Lowell traveled for three years in Europe and the Holy Land. He was secretary of the Massachusetts Historical Society ; a corresponding member of the Archaeological Society of Athens ; and a founder and member of the Society of Northern Antiquarians of Copenhagen. His published works included: "Sermons," 1855 ; "Practical Sermons," 1855 ; "Meditations for the Aiflicted, Sick and Dying ;" "Devotional Exercises for Communicants." He was married, October 2, 1806, to Harriet Bracket, daughter of Keith and Mary (Traill) Spence, of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and sister of Captain Robert Traill Spence, U. S. N. The Rev. Dr. Charles Lowell died in Cambridge, January 20, 1861.

James Russell Lowell prepared for college at the boarding school of William Wells, Cambridge, and graduated from Harvard College A. B. 1838; LL. B. 1840; and A. M. 1841. He received the following honorary degrees : From Oxford University, D. C. L. 1873; from the University of Cambridge, LL. D., 1874; and the latter degree also from St. Andrews. Edinburgh, and Llarvard, 1884; and Bologna, 1888. On January 2, 1884, he was elected Lord Rector of the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. He was an overseer of Harvard, 1887-91 ; a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the American Philosophical Society, and the Royal Academy of Spain ; and a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the Royal Society of Literature of London. In all these bodies he enjoyed a unique distinction, and in Europe his talents commanded the highest admiration.

Mr. Lowell was devoted to letters from the first. W^hile in college he edited Harz'ardiana. After his graduation he opened a law office in Boston, but had no inclination for the profession, and gave his time to literature, writing numerous pieces of verse which were publish- ed in magazines, and were put into book form in 184 1, his first published vohmie. In 1842 he brought out the Pioneer magazine, which was shorthved. A pronounced AboHtionist, he was a regular contributor to the Liberty Bell and he afterward became corresponding editor of the Anti-Skwery Standard. In 1846 his famous "Bigelow Papers" appeared in the Boston Courier and became famous from the outset, and exerted a powerful influence upon the political thought of the day. These were satirical poems in the Yankee dialect and were eagerly read, not only for their peculiarity of expression, but for their underlying philosophy. He was now a somewhat prolific writer, principally upon political topics, and through the columns of the Dial, the Democratic Rcvieiv and the Massachusetts Quarterly. He spent about a year in Europe in 1851-52. In 1855 he succeeded Henry W. Longfellow as Smith professor of French and Spanish languages, literature and belles lettres at Harvard, serving until t886, and was university lecturer 1863-64. He was also editor of the Atlantic Monthly 1857-62, and joint editor with Charles Eliot Norton of the North .hnerican Rez'iew, 1863-72. He was active in the organization of the Republican party in 1856. In 1876 he was a presidential elector from Massachusetts. In 1877 '^^ ^^^^ appointed minister to Spain by President Hayes, and in 1880 was made minister to the court of St. James, England, serving as such until 1885. During his residence in England he was highhhonored, delivering many ad<lresses, and being the orator on the occasion of the unveiling of the bust of Coleridge in Westminster Abbey, in May, 1885. In these various efforts he dis- ])laye(l a breadth of scholarship, originality of thought, elegance of expression and depth of feeling, which proved a revelation to Old World litterateurs. He was a devoted student during all his absences from this country, and in 1887 delivered before the Lowell Institute, Boston, a course of lectures on the English dramatists. On his return home he retired to his country seat, "Elmwood," on the Charles river, Cambridge, and devoted himself to study and literature, continuing his lectures at Harvard. He edited the poetical works of Marveil Donne, Keats, Wordsworth and Shelly for the "Collection of British Poets," by Professor Francis J. Childs, of Harvard. His published works include: "Class Poem," 1838; "A Year's Life," 1841 ; "A Legend of Brittany, and Other Miscellaneous Poems and Sonnets," 1844; "A'ision of Sir Launfal," i - 7

1845; "Conversations on Some of the Old Poets," 1845; "Poems," 1848; "The Bigelow Papers," 1848, and a second series, 1867; "A F'able for Critics," 1848; "Poems," two volumes, 1849, ^"^1 two volumes under same title, 1854; "Poetical Works," two volumes, 1858; "Mason and Slidell, a Yankee Idyl," 1862; "Fireside Travels," 1864; "The President's Policy," 1864; "Under the Willows, and Other Poems," 1869; "Among My Books," 1870; "My Study Windows," 1871 ; "The Courtin'," 1874; "Three Memorial Poems," 1876; "Democracy, and Other Addresses," 1887 ; his "American Ideas for English Readers," "Latest Literary Essays and Addresses," and "Old English Dramatists," were published posthomously in 1892. At the time of his death he was engaged on a "Life of Hawthorne." His last published poem, "My Book," appeared in the New York Ledger, in December, 1890. He died in Cambridge, August 12, 1 89 1. He was married, in 1844, to Maria White, of Watertown. Mas.sachusetts, who died in 1853. In 1857 he was married to Frances Dunlap, a niece of Governor Robert P. Dunlap, of Maine. His life work is commemorated in "James Russell Lowell : a Biogra])hy." by Horace E. Scudder, two volumes, 1901. In 1898 a part of his estate - Elmwood - was i)urchased by the Lowell Memorial I 'ark I'und, nearly forty thousand dollars of the ]nirchase price being obtained by pojiular sub.scri])tion.

jjractitioner and instructor, is best known and most highly esteemed for his literary acc()ni])lishments. As "The Autocrat of the ]5reakfast Table." and "The Professor,'' he is more enjoyed than he was a half-century ago. He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, August 29, 1809, son of Rev. Abiel and Sarah (Wendell) Llolmes. He was a descendant of John Holmes, who settled at Woodstock, Connecticut, in t686, and of Evert Jansen Wendell, who emigrated from Emden, East Friesland, Holland, and settled at Albany. New York, about 1640. His ]:)aternal grandfather. Dr. David Holmes, was a captain in the colonial army in the French and Indian war, and subsequently served as surgeon in the revolutionary army.

Rev. Abiel Holmes, father of Oliver Wendell Holmes, born in Woodstock, Connecticut, December 24, 1763, was graduated from Yale College in 1783: was a tutor there, 1786-87, while pursuing theological studies ; he received the honorary degrees of A. AI. from Harvard, 1792: D. D. from Edinburgh University, 1805; and LL. D. from Allegheny ( Pennsylvania ) College, 1822. He was pastor of the Congregational church at Midway, Georgia, 1787-91, and of the First Parish, Cambridge, 1792- 1832. He was a fellow of the x\merican Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society and the American Philosophical Society. He wrote various works: "Stephen Pannenius;" "The Mohegan Indians ;" "John Lathrop : a Biography;" "Life of President Stiles;" "Annals of America," two volumes; a volume of poems, and various contributions to the "Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society." He died at Cambridge. Massachusetts, June 4, 1837. He married, in 1790, Mary Stiles, daughter of President Ezra Stiles, of Yale College; and (second). March 26, 1801, Sarah, daughter of Hon. Oliver Wendell, of Boston. Their son,

Oliver Wendell Holmes, began his education in private schools, and in his fifteenth year had as classmates Richard Henry Dana, Margaret Fuller, and Alfred Lee, who was afterward Bishop of Delaware. He was sent to Phillips Academy, in the hope that he would incline to a ministerial life, but the reverse was the case, and he cherished decided L^nitarian sentiments - a marked contrast to the stern Calvinism of his father. While a student in the Academy he gave the first evidence of his literary temperament, producing a translation of Virgil's "Aeneid." Entering Flarvard College, he was graduated therefrom in 1829, in the same class with William H. Channing, Professor Benjamin Pierce, James Freeman Clarke, the Rev. S. F. Smith, and Benjamin R. Curtis ; and having as fellow students, though not in the same class, Wendell Phillips, Charles Sumner and John Lothrop Motley. He was a frequent contributor to college publications, wrote and delivered the commencement poem, and was one among sixteen of his class whose scholarship admitted them to the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity. For one year he attended the Dane Law School, and during this period wrote the famous apostrophe to "Old Ironsides" - the frigate "Constitution," then threatened with breaking-up by the navy department, and which his stirring verse saved from an ignominious end.

and in 1833 visited England and France, observing hospital practice. Returning to Cambridge in 1835, he received his degree from the Harvard Medical School the next year, and at once entered upon practice, having received three of the Boylston prizes for medical dissertations. He was professor of anatomy and physiology at Dartmouth College, 1838- 40, and the following year located in Boston. In 1843 he p^iblished his essay on "The Contagiousness of Puerpural Fever" - the announcement of his own original and valuable discovery, which, while now accepted by the entire ])rofession, then aroused bitter controversy. In 1847 he became Parkman professor of anatomy and physiology at Harvard Medical School, besides occasionally giving instruction in microscopy, psychology and kindred subjects ; and in the year indicated he retired from practice and became dean of the medical school, which position he occupied until 1853. As a class room lecturer he was a great favorite, and was able to hold the close attention of his auditors even after they were well nigh exhausted by previous study and attendance upon lectures. He resigned his professorship in 1882, and was retired as professor emeritus - a unique distinction from Harvard. He gave to his profession several works of permanent value ; "Lectures on Homeopathy and its Kindred Delusions." 1842; "Report on Medical Literature," 1848; "Currents and Countercurrents in Medical Science," 1861 ; "Borderland in Some Provinces of Medical Science," 1862; and with Dr. Jacob Bigelow he prepared Marshall Hall's "Theory and Practice of Medicine," 1839.

Ranking high as a medical practitioner and teacher. Dr. Holmes' great fame and his strong hold upon the American heart, down to the present time, rests upon his work as an essayist and poet. In the first year of his medical career he gave out his first volume, comprising forty-five miscellaneous poems. In 1852 he delivered in several cities a course of lectures on "The English Poets of the Nineteenth Century." In 1857 he became one of the founders of The Atlantic Monthly, he giving it that name, and beginning in it his delightful conversational papers, "The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table," and in which were embodied some of his best poems. This was so favorably received that it was followed by "The Professor at the Breakfast Table," 1859; and in 1872 by "The Poet at the Breakfast Table." He contributed to The Atlantic Monthly the serial novels: "Elsie ^"enner," 1861 ; "The

Guardian Angel," 1867 ; "A Mortal Antipathy," 1885 ; besides, "Onr Hmidred Days in Europe," 1887; and "Over the Teacups," 1890. He was longer connected with that periodical than was any other writer. On December 3, 1879, the editors gave him a breakfast in honor of his seventieth birthday, on which occasion he read a poem written therefor, "The Iron Gate." In addition to those before mentioned, his published works included, "Soundings from the Atlantic," 1864; "Mechanism in Thought and Morals," 1871 ; "Memoir of John Lothrop Motley," 1879; "Memoir of Ralph Waldo Emerson," 1884; "Before the Curfew," 1888; verse: "Uriana," 1846; "Astrea," 1850; "Songs in ]\Iany Keys," 1861 ; "Songs of Many Seasons," 1875; "The Iron Gate, and Other Poems." 1880. His poems were afterward collected into three volumes under the title of "Complete Poetical Works of Oliver Wendell Holmes," by John Torrey Morse, Jr., 1896; and Emma E. Brown wrote a "Life of Holmes."

Dr. Holmes died in Boston, October 7, 1894, and he was buried at Mount Auburn. He married, June 15, 1840, Amelia Lee, daughter of Associate Justice Charles Jackson, of Boston, of the supreme judicial court. They settled in Boston, and their three children were born at their home in Montgomery place, afterward Bosworth street : Oliver Wendell, born March 8, 1841, of whom further; Amelia Lee, died in 1889; and Edward Jackson, died in 1884. Airs. Holmes died in 1888.

Oliver Wendell Holmes, son of Dr. Oliver Wendell and Amelia Lee (Jackson) Holmes, referred. to above, was educated in Boston schools and Harvard University, from which he was graduated in 1861, (being class poet), when twenty years of age. When he was graduated he was a member of the Fourth Battalion of Infantry, at Fort Independence, in the first year of the civil war. He was commissioned second lieutenant in the Twentieth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, and participated in the engagements at Balls Blufif, Virginia ; Antietam, Maryland ; and Marye's Heights, Virginia, being severely wounded in the first named action. He was commissioned lieutenant-colonel in 1863, but the regiment being depleted below the minimum, he could not be mustered into service as of that rank. From January 29, 1864, to July 17, following, he served as aide-de-camp with the rank of captain on the staff of General Horatio G. Wright. He was graduated from Harvard Law School in 1866, and the following year was admitted to the bar and entered upon practice in Boston. He was instructor in constitutional law in Harvard Law School, 1870-71 ; edited The American Law Reviczv, 1870-73; lectured on common law before the Lowell Institute, 1880; was professor of law at Harvard Law School, 1882-83; justice of the supreme court of Massachusetts, 1882-99, and in August of the latter year succeeded the deceased Chief Justice Walbridge A. Field. He edited "Kent's Commentaries," 1873; ^^'^ i^ author of "The Common Law," 1881 ; and "Speeches," 1891, 1896; and has contributed to various professional journals. He received the honorary degree of LL. D. from Yale College in 1886, and from Harvard College in 1895 ; and was elected a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was married, June 17, 1872, to Fanny Dixwell, daughter of Epes S. Dixwell, of Boston.

yeoman, according to his statement when coming to America, with his wife Joyce, three children and five servants, came from Sandwich, England, before June 9, 1637, and settled in Dorchester, Massachusetts. He was a proprietor before September 10, 1637. Their names appear on the passenger list of the ship "Hercules," sailing June, 1637. He was admitted a freeman March 4, 1638-9, and is called "gentleman" on the records, a position one might suppose belonged to him from the number of servants. He was a town officer and leading citizen in Dorchester. He removed to Martha's Vineyard in 165 1, when he gave a power of attorney to his son John for sale of lands, etc. He sold land in Roxbury in 1652. He died at Edgartown, Martha's Vineyard, August 13, 1 67 1. The will of Joyce, his widow, mentions her grandchildren John and Thomas Butler, Mary Athearn, and Hannah Chadduck and son Henry. Children: i. Rev. Henry, schoolmaster of Dorchester in 1652, proposed for minister at Uncatie, England, 1656 ; settled at Seoul, Somerset, until August 24, 1662. later at William fray, five miles fi om Frome ; persecuted by authorities. 2. John, mentioned below. 3. Lydia, married Alay 19, 1647, John Minot, of Dorchester.

(11) Captain John Butler, son of Nicholas. Butler, was born in England, and he or an infant son John was baptized September 22, 1645. In 1658 he was constable at Edgartown,, whither he removed with his father's family.

Boston And Eastern Aiassachusetts

(HI) John Butler, son of John Butler (2), was born in Edgartown, Martha's Vineyard, in 1653. He made his will November 10, 1733, at the age of eighty. He was a constable in 1692. He married Priscilla Norton, daughter of Nicholas and Elizabeth Norton. They resided at Martha's Vineyard. Children: i.

married December 16, 1708, Elizabeth Daggett, daughter of Captain Thomas Daggett. 3. Thomas, born about 1680: married September 18, 1702. Anne Torrey, of Weymouth, who died October i, 1735, aged about fiftyone. 4. Nicholas, born at Martha's X'incyard ; married September 5, 1726. Sarah Ripley; second, Thankful ]\Iarchant. 5. Samuel, married, after 1712. Elizabeth (Clay) Stanbridge. widow of Samuel Stanbridge ; died December

23, 1768; he died February 24. 1765. 5. Joyce, married November 20, 1705, Joseph Newcomb. 6. Onesimus. 7. Simeon, married, 17 12, Hannah Cheney. 8. Zephaniah, died September 15, 1721 ; married Thankful Daggett. 9. Malachi, mentioned below. 10. Priscilla; married; in 1748 was widow of Thomas Snow. II. Gamaliel; married Sarah Chase; he died February 24, 1765, aged seventy- four.

(IV) Malachi lUitler, son of John lUitler ( 3). was born about 1700, at Martha's X'ineyard. He bought a lot of his father, or was given a tract adjoining the ])lace of his brother John, March

24, 1 72 1 -2, about the time of his marriage. After 1733 and before 1745 he removed to Windham, Connecticut, and in the latter year, then being of Windham, deeded to his nephew Shubael Butler half the pew he owned with his brother (jamaliel. In 1758 he was settled in Woodbury, Connecticut, and that year deeded his property in Martha's Vineyard to John Pease. These deeds were recently discovered in a search since General B. F. Butler died, and were published by his daughter. Mrs. Adelbert Ames. General Butler and all the other desceuflants had confused Malachi with an Irish family of Butler in the vicinity, many of whom have been distinguished, especially in New York State. In 1757 Malachi Butler had a guardian appointed, being ill and "partly insane." His son Benjamin graduated at Harvard in 1752, and settled in Nottingham, New Hampshire, while Zephaniah was in the Connecticut troops in the French war in 1757 and 1758. Malachi married

Jemima Daggett, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth ( Hawes ) Daggett, of Yarmouth. Thomas, who died August 25, 1726, was son of Thomas Daggett and Hannah ( Mayhew) Daggett; Hannah Meyhew, born April 15, 1635, was daughter of Governor Thomas Mayhew. Thomas was the son of Thomas and Bathsheba Daggett, the pioneers. Children of Malachi and Jemima Butler: i. Thankful, baptized at Edgartown, January 20, 1723. 2. Susanna. ba])tized December 20. 1724. 3. Zephaniah, bajjtized at Edgartown, January 15. 1727-8; mentioned below. 4. Rev. Benjamin, born April 9, 1729 ; baptized May 4, 1729 ; diefl December 29, 1804; married, May, 1753, Dorcas Abbott, who was born May 11, 1729, and died April 19, 1789 ; his farm is still owned b\- lineal discendants at Nottingham, New Hampshire. 5. Margery, baptized July 18, 1 73 1. 6. Silas, baptized at Edgartown, November IT, 1733; settled in New York. 7. SoloniDU, removed to New York, thence to South Carolina, where he left issue. 8. Lvdia. 9. Mary.

( \ I Ca])tain Zephaniah P.utler, son of Malachi I'.utler (4), was born in January, 1728; baptized in Edgartown. Martha's X'ineyard, January 15. 1827-8. He went with his father to Windham, thence to Woodbury. He went to Quebec in the army of General W^olfe in the French and Indian war, and (icneral B. F. lUitler's family has the powder horn he carried, engraved with his name, and the date April 22, 1758. He was at the battles of Louisburg and Ouebec. He was also a soldier in the Revolution, a private in Captain Nathan Sanborn's company, in the regiment of Colonel Thomas Tash, raised to reinforce the Continental army in New York. Sei)tember, 1776; also in Captain Amos Morrill's comj^any. Colonel John Stark's regiment, in 1777. Both he and his son Benjamin, who was afterward on the stafif of his uncle. Colonel Joseph Cilley, were in Captain Nathan Sanborn's company at the battle of P.unker Hill, as was also the second son, Enoch. After the war he was a ca])tain of militia. Zephaniah Butler was a school teacher and farmer. He settled near his brother I'cnjamin, the minister, and was called the "school-master." He married Abigail Cilley. daughter of General Joseph Cilley. She was born in 1740, died in 1824. He died in 1800. Children: i. Benjamin. 2. Enoch. 3. John, mentioned below.

1819. For the war of 181 2 he raised a company of Hght dragoons, was commissioned captain, July 2'i^. 1812, and served on the northern frontier. He married first, June 5, 1803, Sarah Batchelder, of Deerfield, New Hampshire; second, July 21, 181 1. Charlotte Ellison, who was born February 4. 1792, died October 4, 1870. Children of John and Sarah Butler: i. Polly True, born June 8, 1804. 2. Sally, born March 11, 1806. 3. Betsey Merrill, born January 9, 1808; married Daniel B. Stevens. March 2. 1827 ; she died at Nottingham, September 22, 1904 ; children ; i. Elizabeth B. Stevens, widow of Colonel John B. Batchelder, artist and historian ; ii. Thomas Stevens ; iii. Amanda Stevens ; iv. Charlotte B. Stevens ; resides at Washington, D. C. ; v. Walter D. Stevens, of Derry, New Hampshire. Children of John and Charlotte Butler : 4. Charlotte, born May 13, 1812; died August, 1839. 5. Andrew Jackson, born February 13, 181 5; died February 11, 1864; efficient aide and assistant of his brother in the civil war. 6. Benjamin Franklin, mentioned below.

(A'^Tl) General Benjamin Franklin Butler, son of Captain John Butler (6), was born November 5, 1818. at Deerfield, New Hampshire; died January ri, 1893. He was rather a puny child, and quiet, gentle, and eager to learn, at the age of four was taught his letters by his mother. In the summer he was sent away to a school in Nottingham Square, quite two miles from his home. He attended that school for six weeks and learned to read with little difficulty. He remained at home during the autumn, and in the following winter his mother and uncle provided a home for him in Deerfield with "Aunt Polly" Dame, and he went to school there. In the winter of his sixth year he walked from home every morning to Nottingham Square to school, and proved a bright pupil. In the course of time he was virtually adopted by his grandmother, and attended a private school and academy at Deerfield until eight years of age, under James Hersey, afterward postmaster of Manchester, New Hampshire. He was then sent to Phillips Exeter Academy to be fitted for college. A clergyman, who had befriended his widowed mother, built a house for her to occupy in Lowell, and in 1828, at the close of the winter term. Butler went to his mother's house and studied Latin at home during the spring and summer following, having the kindly assistance of Seth Ames, then a lawyer, afterwards a justice of the supreme court. Later in the year it became necessary for him to earn some money, and his mother procured him a place at Meecham & Mathewson's, the Franklin bookstore, the only establishment of its kind in the town. He remained in this clerkship until December 18. 1830, when the Lowell high school was established through the exertions of Rev. Theodore Edson. rector of St. Anne's Church. He finished his fitting for college, to which he went unwillingly. He wished to go to West Point ^Military Academy and, when his appointment seemed assured, his mother's clergyman, a good Baptist, advised her to send the boy to the Baptist College at Waterville, Maine, in the labor department, where he could do something toward his own support. He was religiously brought up and inclined, giving his good mother the hope that he would study for the ministry. His college career was a disappointment to him, having set his heart on the more virile and practical course at West Point. He became interested in chemistry and physics, outside of his prescribed work, and loved experimental research, and became laboratory assistant to Professor Holmes. He taught school during the long winter vacations at college. At the time of his graduation, Butler was so reduced by a severe cough that he weighed only ninety-seven pounds, and he seemed in ('anger of consumption. But a sea voyage restored him to health which even during the privation and exposure of the rebellion never deserted him until his last illness. On his return to Lowell he began the study of law in the office of \Villiam Smith, in the early autumn of 1838, and not many months later before he was admitted to the bar secured much valuable experience in the Lowell police court. In the autumn of 1839 he accepted the position of teacher in a Dracut school, but declined a reappointment, and devoted all his attention to studying law and practicing in the police court. At the September term of the court of common pleas in 1840. he was admilted by Justice Charles Henry Warren.

He became interested in politics when quite young, he learned by heart the Constitution of the United States, and studied the fundamental principles that divided the parties, as well as the public questions then agitating the public mind. The characteristic pugnacity and disregard of his future interests were shown in his first struggle. He took advantage of a coalition made by the Democrats and the new Free Soil party in 1851, made to defeat the Whigs, and secured candidates from Lowell pledged to the ten-hour movement. He was a Democrat. It was impossible to carry through tliis radical reform in the legislature, but great strides were made in the right direction, and after unsuccessful efforts in several legislatures a compromise bill was enacted, fixing the hours of labor at eleven and a quarter. In 1852 he was elected to the general court, and again he espoused a very unpopular cause, the reimbursement of the Order of St. Ursula for the destruction in 1834 of their convent in Charlestown by an anti-Catholic mob. In the constitutional convention of 1852 he was a delegate from Lowell, and served as chairman of the committee to which was assigned the revision of Chapter Six of the old constitution. The defeat of this constitution at the polls by the Roman Catholics brought the triumph of the Know-nothing party in 1855 and the downfall of the Whigs in Massachusetts. He attended every Democratic national convention from 1848 to i860 inclusive ; and was freciuently a candidate for congress, but his party in Lowell was in a hopeless minority. In 1858 he was elected to the state senate from Lowell, the only Democrat on the ticket. He drew the act reforming the judiciary of the state and the superior court established in place of the old court of common pleas. Most of the provisions of that act are still the law of the state. In t86o he accepted the nomination for governor of Massachusetts from the Breckinridge wing of the Democratic party, and received only about six thousand votes while as the Democratic candidate for governor in 1859 he had had more than 35,000. He was a member of the national committee of that wing of his party. But when the war broke out, he stood by the Republican governor of Massachusetts and the Republican president, and became the most conspicuous volunteer general of the beginning of the war, on account of his former political affiliations making his example of incalculable value to other Democrats who were brought to enlist and fight for the Union, and on account of his promptness in getting his troops to Baltimore and his success in action.

He came of a race of fighters. In 1839 he enlisted in the Lowell City Guard and served three years as a private. Step by step he was promoted until he became colonel of the regiment in which he first enlisted. During the Know-nothing furore. Governor Gardner reorganized the militia of the state for the express purpose of disbanding companies of Roman Catholic soldiers, and as a consequence Colonel Butler lost his command, it being assigned to another district in which he did not live. Not long afterward, however, he was elected brigadier-general by the field officers of the brigade, and received his commission from the same Know-nothing governor. He encamped with his brigade in 1857, 1858, 1859 and i860. In i860 Governor Banks called together the whole volunteer militia, six thousand men, at Concord, so that when he went into service he had seen together for discipline, instruction and military movement, a larger body of troops than even General Scott, the commander-in-chief himself. With foresight and persistent effort, General Butler caused the Massachusetts volunteer militia to be made ready so that they were the first organized armed force marched into W'ashington for its defence. As early as January 19. 1861, the Sixth Regiment under Colonel Edward F. Jones, of Lowell, was prepared and tendered its services to the government. When the call came it found General Butler trying an important case in Boston. He stopped short, asked the judge for adjournment, and in fact, Butler tells us that the case has never been finished. He helped devise the means to raise money to transport the troops. The Sixth Regiment, strengthened with tw^o companies from others, started for Washington on April 17. General Butler stayed behind to get his two other regiments in order, and to wait for the Eighth Regiment, which he took to the front April 18. He was in Philadelphia when his Sixth Regiment was attacked in Baltimore with six men killed and thirty wounded. The Sixth finally reached the capital, and President Lincoln, as he shook the colonel's hand, said : "Thank God you have come; for if you had not, Washington would have been in the hands of the rebels before morning." \Vith his command General Butler proceeded to Annapolis and took possession of it against the protest of the mayor and of the governor of the state, of which it was one of the capitals. Thus he held open a way for the transportation of troops to Washington and insured its safety. He occupied and held the Relay House, and so prevented an assault upon Washington from Harper's Ferry, which the rebels had captured and were occupying for that purpose. From thence he made a descent upon Baltimore and established it as a Union city, which it always remained. These movements effectually prevented the secession 'of Maryland, and held her loyal through the war.

Carolina, with head(|uarters at Fortress Monroe. He had immediately to solve one of the most perplexing questions of the war. Under the civil law, the negro slaves that took refuge in the Union lines were chattels, and should be returned to their owners, but it would be out of the question for northern troops to act as slave-catchers. Butler cut the Gordian knot, to the relief of the whole country, by declaring the slaves contraband of war - a legal subterfuge, luider which during the rest of the war the slaves were set free, and which paved the way for the Emancipation Proclamation. No single act or thought early in the war helped the Union cause more. Within forty-five days after the fall of Fort Sumter, without orders from anybody, he seized and strongly fortified the important strategic point of Newport News, at the mouth of the James river, which was held during the war, thus keeping open a water way for the transportation of troops and supplies to the intrenchments around Richmond, by which the Army of the Potomac under McClellan escaped from Harrison's Landing. In co-operation witli the navy he captured Fort Hatteras and Fort Clark (thus making the holding of the sounds of N'irginia and North and South Carolina possible ) August 29, 1861, the first victory of any account that came to the Union army, taking 715 prisoners, and giving new courage after the defeat at r.ull Run. He went home on leave of absence, but soon became aroused to the need of a better system of recruiting soldiers. He saw the political necessity of the situation, and offered liis services to President Lincoln to recruit six regiments of loyal Democrats in New England. That effort was successful, uniting the North, and destroying the sus]iicion that the war was a Republican party aft'air and to be supported by partisans of Lincoln. He raised this division of six thousand men for the United States without the payment of bounties or impressment. With them he .sailed to Ship Island, in an expedition aimed at New Orleans, and, aided with an equal number of troops added to his cf^umand, co-operating with the fleet of the immortal Farragut to his entire satisfaction, they opened the Mississippi, captured New Orleans, subdued Louisiana, and held all of it that was ever held afterwards permanently as a part of the United States. He enforced there a proper respect for the nation's flag, its laws and power. By proper sanitary regulations he rescued New Orleans, the commercial port of the Gulf of ^Mexico, from its most potent danger, the yellow fever, from the ravages of which in no year had it ever escaped, a foe which the rebels relied upon to destroy Butler's army, as it surely would have done if left uncombated. He enlisted there the first colored troops ever legally mustered into the army of the United States, thus inaugurating the policy of arming the colored race before Congress or the President had adopted it, and by so doing pointing the way to recruiting the armies of the United States by the enlistment of colored men to the number of 150,000, and establishing the negro soldier as a component and permanent part of the military resources of the country. He was superseded by General I!anks in command of New Orleans. He was appointed again to the command of the Department of X'irginia and North Carolina, November 2. 1863, and subsecjuently commissioner for the exchange of prisoners.

In the spring of 1864, General Butler "devised, organized and perfected the strategy for a campaign against Richmond by having an imjiregnable intrenched camp containing thirty s(|uare miles of territory within its boundaries, which could be held by ten thousand men against the whole Rebel forces forever." to (juote his own words, "within eight miles of the Rebel capital, like a hand ui)on its throat never to be unclenched, as it never was."' r>om that intrenched camp at Bermuc'a llundred. July 15, he captured Petersburg, but lost it. as he says, "through the sloth or incompetency of a corps commander who had a technical military education." With the Army of the James, September 29, he captured Fort Harrison and a line of intrenched works, a strong part of the defences of Richmond, which were held by colored troops until Richmond was evacuated. He planned, carried out and constructed the great' strategic work, the Dutch Gap Canal, and which remains to this day a most valuable public work in the navigation of the James River, worth luorc as a commercial avenue in time of peace than all it cost as a military undertaking. He was sent to New York at the time of the presidential election, and took effectual means to prevent disorder and threatened illegal voting and rioting. He was oft'ered the portfolio of secretary of war. but declined it, as he had also declined to be nominated as vice-president on Lincoln's ticket.

In January, 1865, when General Butler was relieved from the command, he accounted for and returned over five hundred thousand dollars which he had collected in various ways, such as taxes on traders - tolls on cotton sent north. W ith the money thus shrewdly gained for the Union cause, he paid largely the cost of the Dutch Gap Canal ; built a hospital at Point of Rocks and barracks at Fortress ^Monroe, etc. He used the revenues at New Orleans with great shrewdness, and was complimented by his superiors for the conditon of his accounts, and by the business men of that city for his regulation of the medium of exchange and the banking business, preventing hardship to the people, and yet saving the banks from disaster. He cleaned Norfolk, \'irginia, just as he had cleaned New Orleans and made it habitable. He put deserters and petty criminals to work on the streets, taking for three months a thousand loads of tilth a week out of the city. He was as proud of keeping the yellow fever out of Norfolk as out of New Orleans. Grant himself wrote to Lincoln : "As an administrative officer General Butler has no superior. In taking charge of a department where there are no great battles to be fought, but a dissatisfied element to control, no one could manage it better than he." That describes the popular opinion as well, after his work in Norfolk and New Orleans.

In 1866 he was elected to congress from the Essex district as a Republican, although his residence was in Lowell. He was placed on the committee on appropriations. He took an active part in the debates of the house. He took up the cudgels for the legal tender or "greenback" currency issued as a war measure, and the controversy over this money lasted many years. A party known as the Greenback Party existed for several years and General iUitler became a prominent figure in it. Jn 1868 Butler was re-elected, and again in 1870 and 1872, but in 1874 he was defeated. In 1867 he became one of the most prominent figures in the impeachment of the president, as the attorney for the board of managers on the part of the house in the trial before the senate, making the opening argument. In 1871 he became a candidate in the Republican convention for the nomination for governor, and was defeated by William B. Washburn. The following year he ran again against Governor Washburn. He was an independent candidate for governor in 1878, and as such reduced the Republican majority largely. He also had the nomination of the Democratic party, but a section of that party supported another candidate, and he again was defeated. In 1879 he was again the Democratic and so-called "Greenback" candidate, and was again defeated. In 1880 he supported the nomination of General Hancock for president. In 1882 he again became the Democratic candidate for governor, and after a hot canvass won by fourteen thousand plurality. His administration was hampered by the fact that his council was almost unanimously Republican, as well as the legislature. He had one sensational investigation, that of the Tewksbury almshouse, something in the line of what has come in fashion generally in later days of muck-raking and graft-probing. The Republican party nominated George D. Robinson, and the Republican governor reclaimed the state by a slender majority of nine thousand. In 1884 General Butler was elected by the Democratic state convention one of the delegates-at-large to the national convention at Chicago, and served on the platform committee. General Butler had always stood for the doctrine of a protective tariff for American industries. "I could not agree," he said, "that the Democratic party, which I supposed would be in the ascendant, could stand upon anything but the Jackson doctrine of a 'judicious tariff,' a tariff to raise sufficient revenue for the wants of the country, and to give American industry incidental protection against foreign labor. I was overruled, and some mongrel resolution was adopted which meant anything or nothing, as one chose to construe it." He declined to support any candidate on that platform, and effected a fusion between the Democrat and Greenback parties in Michigan, but failed in other states to carry out his plan, which would have defeated Cleveland's election. He became a candidate for president, and labored earnestly in the hope that the Democratic vote in New York would be split and the Republican candidate elected. He says: "Election day came and there were votes enough thrown for me several times over to have prevented Mr. Cleveland's election, but in many of the polling places they were counted not for me but for Cleveland." and so the electoral vote of the state of New York was counted for him by a few hundred votes only. In 1888 Air. Butler made two speeches in favor of General Harrison ; after that he took no active part in politics.

He married, May 16. 1844. at St. Anne's Church, Lowell, Sarah Hildreth. daughter of Dr. Israel Hildreth, of Dracut, a town adjoining Lowell. Mrs. Butler had a distinguished career on the stage before her marriage. After her marriage she devoted herself wholly to her husband and familv. and was with him during the whole of his civil war service, except during active campaigning. She died April 8, 1876. Children: i. Paul, born June, 1846, died April, 1850. 2. Blanche, born 1847; married, 1871. Adelbert Ames. 3. Paul, born 1852; graduate of Harvard College in 1875. 4. Ben Israel, mentioned below.

(V) Ben Israel Butler, son of General Benjamin F. Butler (4), was born in Lowell in 1854. He was educated in the public schools and high school of Lowell, and at West Point. He graduated with honor, and accepted a lieutenant's commission in a regiment of colored troops stationed on the Plains, that he might have, in addition to his instruction at the academy, the knowledge of the movement and care of troops in the field and in actual service. In this onerous work of defending the scattered population of the frontier from Indians raids, he served one year.

Four generations of the Butler family fought in the wars of their country and held commissions. General Butler had the swords of Captain Zachariah Butler, of the French War and Revolution ; Captain John Butler of the war of 1812; General Benjamin F. Butler, of the Civil War, and tliat of his son ; all kept together in a glass case at his home, a unique and perhaps unexampled testimony of the loyalty and military prowess of one family in direct line of descent. General Butler believed that there would be a war in each generation, and wished his son to be prepared to do his part, but he planned also to make him his partner in the law business. He studied at Columbia Law School in New York, and after two years was admitted to the bar, but on the very day that his career in partnership with his distinguished father was to begin, he died, September i, 1881. "I had hoped to lean upon him in my declining years," wrote his father, "to take my place in that profession which I love and honor. Man proposes, but God disposes."

was planted in New York, in what is now Westchester county, in 1690, and there certain of its members founded the town of New Rochelle. In 1701 they removed to Boston, Massachusetts, where Peter Faneuil came into prominence as a merchant. When the project of establishing a public market was mooted, in 171 7, he took an active interest, and it was largely through his instrumentality that in 1734 an appropriation of £700 was made by the town for building market houses. These did not meet with favor from the country people, and they were soon abandoned. In 1740 Mr. Faneuil offered to provide at his own expense a market house for the town, but opposition was so strong that the vote of acceptance carried by only seven majority, though he was complimented with a unanimous vote of thanks for his generosity. The edifice was erected by the architect Smibert, was opened in 1842, and the auditorium was first publicly used on March 14, 1743, when John Lovell. the famous educator, pronounced a funeral oration upon Mr. Faneuil. On December 30, 1760, the accession of George III to the throne of England was proclimed from the balcony, and a state dinner was served in the hall. The hall was burned down in 1761, and in 1763 was rebuilt by the town, a large part of the building fund being procurred by means of a lottery. The building was illuminated in 1767, in joy over the repeal of the stamp act. In 1768 the citizens of Boston assembled in the hall to express their indignation at the quartering of British troops upon them, and to devise means for resisting British oppression. British troops were quartered in the hall in October, 1768, and it was used as a theatre by the soldiers and loyalists during the British occupation. y\fter the British had retired from the city, the hall was held for patriotic purposes, and became known as "The Cradle of American Liberty." The hall was remodeled in 1805, after designs by Bulfinch. The first city government was organized within its walls, in 1822. The hall has been used for patriotic and reform meetings from that time to the present. Mr. Faneuil died March 3, 1743.

Joseph Pope, immigrant ancestor POPE of one branch of the New England family of that name, born in England, is said to have been a son of Robert Pope, of Yorkshire. He came from London in the "Mary and John." in 1634; was admitted member of the church in Salem before 1636; was made freeman in 1637, and had lands granted in that year and afterward in that part of Salem now known as West Danvers, some of it bordering on Ipswich river. In 1658 he and his wife Gertrude were summoned before the court on a charge of attending Quaker meetings, and in 1662 were dismissed from the church of their adherence to the teachings of the Society of Friends. Joseph Pope died about 1667. and his will, dated September 10,

1666, nominates his wife Gertrude as executrix of his estate. Children: i. Damaris, baptized 2, 2.2, 1643; married Joshua Buffum. 2. Hannah, 5, 20, 1645, <^'i^tl soon. 3. Hannah,

(H) Joseph Pope, son of Joseph and Gertrude Pope, born in Salem, died in 1712. He was a farmer at Salem \'illage (Danvers). He married Bethseda, daughter of Peter Folger. one of the first settlers on Nantucket island, and one of the foremost men in public service in the colonies in his time. Abiah Folger, sister of Bethseda, married Josiah PVanklin and they were jjarents of Benjamin Franklin. Joseph and Bethseda (Folger) Pope had children: i. Joseph, died young. 2. Bethseda, born April 9, 1683, died young. 3. Gertrude, August 27, 1685; married Ebenezer h^lint. 4. Joseph, June 16. 1687. 5. Enos, June 6, 1690. 6. Eleazer, December 4, 1693. 7. Jerusha, April i, \(^()^. 8. Nathaniel, November 20, 1699.

(HI) Eleazer Pope, son of Joseph and Ikthseda (Fogler) Pope, born December 4, 1693, (lied 2, 5mo, 1734. He was a cordwainer, and at the time of his death his property included the dwelling and shop on land near "the elm tree" on Boston street, Salem. He married April 3, 1718, Hannah Buffington, by whom he had one son, Stephen.

(I\') Stephen Pope, son of Eleazer and Hannah ( lUiffington) Pope, died October 9, 1675. He followed the occupation of his father, and had the shop and house inherited from him. He married Mary Buffum, born July 8, 1723, died July, 1788, daughter of Joshua Buffum of Salem. Children: i. Hannah, born ^Tay 31, 1746, died May 20. 1840; married Thomas Nicholas, of Somersworth, New Hampshire, and Salem, who died 1805.

(V) Eleazer Pope, son of Stephen and ^fary (Bufifum) Pope, born in Salem, March 21, 1 75 1, died February 5, 18 18. He was a farmer, mentioned veoman in the records. He married Esther, daughter of Jonathan Buxton. She was born December 9, 1760, and died October 17, 1818, Their children: i. 3klary, born July 16, 1788. 2. Esther, born October 27, 1790; married Henry Grant, of Salem. 3. Eleazer, born March 14, 1793. 4. Stephen, born March 11, 1796, died Liverpool, England, January 25, 1827; married March 13, 1 82 1, Abigail McShane, of Salem, who died Aiigust 6. 1844. 5- Gertrude, born August 14, 1799; married December 26, 1822, Jonathan Barrett, born Salem, December 11, 1790, died April 18, 1829; had Eleazer Pope Barrett, September 29, 1824, and Martha Osborn Barrett. July 9, 1827.

(\T) Mary Pope, daughter of Eleazer and Esther (Buxton) Pope, was born July 16, 1788. and married Joshua lUixton of Danvers. They had Joshua P)Uxton, born October 14, 1 81 7; Mary Jane Buxton, born October 20, 1821 ; Henry X'arney Buxton, born July 23, 1824 (see Buxton family).

Simon I luntington, with Hl'NTINGTON his wife, who before marriage was Margaret Baret, of Norwich, England, and his three sons - William, Simon and Samuel - sailed for .New England in 1633. He died of small pox during the passage and his family probably landed in Boston. The earliest reference to them on this side of the ocean is found in the records of the First Church in Roxbury, Massachusetts, wherein is an entry in the handwriting of the Rev. John Eliot as follows : "Margaret Huntington, widow, came in 1633. Iler husband died by the way of small pox.

(|uite i)r()bable that she was again married, in 1635-6. to Thomas Stoughton, then of Dorchester, and removed to Windsor, Connecticut. (H) William probably eldest son of Simon and Margaret (Baret) Huntington, was of Salisbury, Massachusetts, in 1640, and later lived in Amesbury. He appears to have been c|uite prominent in both places, owning considerable real estate, and died in Amesbury in 1689. He married Joanna, daughter of John Bayley, who went from Salisbury to Newbury in 1650. John Bayley was a passenger on the "Andrei Gabriel," which was wrecked on the coast of Maine, having on board a considerable number of emigrants who found their way to the settlements in Massachusetts. William Huntington was father of John, James and ]\Iary.

anna (Bay ley) Huntington, born in Amesbury, August, 1643, ^is*^! there about 1727. He married Elizabeth Hunt ; children : Hannah, died young; Mary, Elizabeth, Hannah, Sarah, Susannah, William. Samuel and Deborah.

(IV) \\'illiam, seventh child and eldest son of John and Elizabeth (Hunt) Huntington, was lifelong resident of Amesbury, Massachusetts. He married Mary Goodwin, January 27, 1708-09, and he probably was the same William Huntington who was married the second time, December 19, 1725, to ]\Iary Colby, a widow. He was executor of his father's will. Children, all born in Amesbury : John, Lydia, Mary, Sarah, Elizabeth, Deborah, \\'illiam, Timothy and Judith.

(V) John, eldest son and child of \\'illiam and Mary (Goodwin) Huntington, was born in Amesbury, January 5, 1709-10. He lived on -the old homestead of his grandfather. His wife, Abigail Jones, was a member of the Society of Friends, and their children, some of whom married with members of their sect, were John, Mary, Merriam, Susannah, Wilham, Sarah and Elizabeth.

(VI) John, eldest child of John and Abigail (Jones) Huntington, was born in Amesbury, August 15, 1737. He married Hannah Wood; children: Jacob, Benjamin. Moses, John, Hannah, !Mary, Abigail, Daniel, Sarah and Judith.

(VII) Benjamin, second child of John and Hannah (Wood) Huntington, was born in Amesbury, April 24, 1760. In early manhood he went to Weare, New Hampshire, and purchased one hundred acres of land lying about a mile west of Clifton Grove, which is still known as the old Huntington farm, and he resided there for the remainder of his life. He also bought land in Henniker. He married Elizabeth Buxton ; children : Hannah, born December 13, 1781 : married Jonathan Purington, of Lincoln. \'ermont ; Jacob, born September 3. 1783; Sarah, born October 9, 1785, married Robert Gove, of Deering, New Hampshire : Betsey, born February 14, 1788, married Timothy Matthews ; Thomas, born February 20, 1791, married Anna Johnson; Anna, born late in 1791, married Daniel Buxton; Lydia, died young; John, born August 5, 1797, married Peace Purington ; Benjamin, born October 17, 1799, married Sally Buxton, and married second, Mary A. Beard.

(VIII) Jacob, second child and eldest son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Buxton) Huntington, was born September 3. 1783. At the age of nineteen years he went to live upon a tract of land containing one hundred acres, owned by his father, and after purchasing it in small lots he enlarged the property by the addition of adjoining land, leaving at his death, which occurred July 15, 1857, a good farm of one hundred sixty acres. He was noted for his physical strength and power of endurance, also as a staunch Whig and a leader in the anti-slavery movement, which latter was prompted by his belief in the Quaker doctrine, and he was instrumental in establishing the Friends" Meeting at what is known as the Friends" Settlement in Henniker. He married, May 4, 1809, Huldah Gove, of Weare, died October 20, 1819; married, second, February i, 1823. Mehitable Hedding, died March 4, 1827. In October, 1829, he married third, Lavinia B., daughter of Theo- ])hilus Breed, of Lynn, Massachusetts; she died October 3, 1859. He had eight children, four born of his first marriage, and four of the second: Elijah Brown, born June 15, 181 1 ; Elizabeth, born March 29, 1813, maixied Jacob Huntington, probably a relative, and died September 16, 1838; Sarah G., born May 31, 1815, died June 15, 1834; Robert G., born May 21, 1817, died October 22, 1819; Franklin Theophilus, born August 21, 1830; Hulda G., born March 23, 1834, married Joshua Buxton, died in 1906; a son, born July 25. 1838, died September 2"]^ 1838; Joseph John, born March 16, 1840, married Mary T. Gordon and had Henry, Alice and Arthur Gordon.

( IX ) Hulda Gove Huntington, daughter of Jacob and Lavinia B. (Breed) Huntington, born March 2'i^, 1834, in Henniker, New Hampshire, died March 22, 1906, in Peabody, Alassachusetts. She married Joshua Buxton (see Buxton family); two children: Horace Francis Buxton, born in Peabody, March i, 1858; and Henry Herbert Buxton, born in Peabody, April 13, 1869.

of the family of this surname, and careful research fails to disclose a record of the immigrant ancestor of the New England Bushbys, if indeed there was any who crossed the Atlantic bearing the surname as here written. The name Bushby first appears in the town records of Medford, and there in entering marriages, births and deaths in a single family it is written Bushby, Bishby and Bisby, according to the understanding of the person or official making the entr^^ It is rea- sonably certain that Robert Bushby, of Medford, was not the immigrant ancestor of the family here considered, and while various theories are advanced in regard to his probable parentage, none of them lead us to a satisfactory conclusion as to his forebears, although there are certain indications which point to possible connection with the old colonial Bisbee family, which appears in various chronicles in several different forms of spelling. There was a Nicholas Bushbee who came from England to Boston and lived in the vicinity of Charlestown during the first half of the seventeenth century ; and he had a son John, whose name was written Bushby, but it is not known that this John was in any way of kin to the ancestors of Robert of Aledford. Busbee is one of the several old forms used by those claiming the surname Bisbee.

(I) Robert Bushby, the earliest known progenitor of the family here treated, married, November 7, 1734, Mary Pierce, of Medford. They both died in that town, he December 23, 1756, and she November 3. 1778; children: I. Robert, born October 18, 1735. died November 4, 1735. 2. Adam. November 3, 1737. 3. John, February 26, 1741. 4. Mary, January 3, 1744. 5. Robert, Januar}- 30, 1748, died in Billerica. He was a soldier of the revolution and his service in that war is given in the state records as follows : Robert Bushby. ]\Iedford (also given Mystic), private. Captain Jeremiah Stiles's company, Colonel Paul Dudley Sargent's regiment ; company return Octol)er, 1775 ; also order for bounty coat or its e(|uivalent in money, dated Camp Cambridge. November 27, 1775; also, return of men enlisted into continental army from Lieutenant Stc]:)hen Hall's company of the First Middlesex county regiment, dated February 19, 1778; residence. IVIedford (also given Maiden ) ; joined Captain Cushing's company of Colonel Patterson's regiment, enlistment, three years.

(H) John Bushby. son and third child of Robert and Mary (Pierce) Bushby. was born in Medford, February 26, 1741, and in 1758 removed to Danvers (now Peabody), where he was a brickmaker for Jeremiah Page. He afterward became prominently identified with public affairs, and was superintendent of the ])oor farm and still later became deputy sheriff. John Bushby made an excellent record as a soldier of the revolution, and one in which his descendants may feel just pride. He has four enlistments and his service may be mentioned as follows: John Bushbe, Danvers; private in Captain W'ilkins's company, Colonel

W'igglesworth's regiment ; paid travel allowance from Albany to his home ; service to January 15, 1777. Corporal in Captain Jeremiah Putnam's company, Colonel Nathaniel Wade's regiment. August 12 to December 31, 1778; service four months twenty four days in Rhode Island. Corporal in same company and regiment, muster roll from January to November, 1778, dated North Kingston; enlistment to expire January i, 1779; reported on command as butcher. Also mentioned in list of men mustered in Suffolk county by Nathaniel Baker, muster master, dated Boston, February 16, 1777; Captain Cushing's company, I>rigadier General Patterson's battalion ; private in Captain Nathaniel Cushing's company. Colonel Joseph X'ose's regiment ; continental army pay accounts for service from January

Danvers, Alassachusetts, June, 1771. died there November 27, 1833. He was a farmer. He married Lydia Wilson, born .\ugust 14, 1765. died January i, 1844. daughter of Benjamin Wilson, born 1734, died January 6, 1818. married Lydia P>ancroft, born May i. 1739, died July 5, 181 1. Asa and Lydia (Wilson) Bushby had children: i. Asa. Jr.. born about 1793. died January 18, 1862, aged sixty-nine years ; married Sophronia Abbott, died August 4, 1879, aged eighty-four years.

(IV) Joseph Bushby, third son and third child of Asa and Lydia (Wilson) Bushby, died August 16, 1876, aged almost seventyfour years. His wife Almira, daughter of Allen and Rebecca (Hobbs) Peabody, died August 7. 1880. aged seventy-six years. Children : I. Francis, died October 2, 1834, age four years. 2. Myra. died October 26. i860, age twenty-two years. 3. Sallie. died February 19. 1 86 1, age ninteen years. 4. Joseph.

bert A. Messer. 8. Lydia, married Stanley Hart, of Peabody. 9. Mary, married James M. Trow ; one child, Lorena, married Edwin Stone. 10. Elizabeth W., born September, 1843, <^^i^*^^ November 25, 1906; married D. Cutler Brown ; child, Edna McV., born Salem May 25, 1882, married D. Ernest Murray, of Salem.

( IV' ) Henry Bushby, fourth son and fourth child of Asa and Lydia (Wilson) Bushby, born March 9, 1805, died October 2, 1883. He was a farmer in Peabody. He married Mary Abbott, born August 15, 1804, died May 8, 1876, a sister of wife of Asa Bushby, Jr. Henry and Mary (Abbott) Bushby had children: I. Henry, married Grace Williams; had George, Frank, Annie, Sarah Abbott ( married Charles Hathaway, of Salem, and had Henry Hathaway) and Charles. 2. Nathan, married Sophia Wolcptt. 3. William. 4. Philip, not married. 5. Horace, born Eebruary 8, 1848.

fV) William Bushby, third son and third child of Henry and Aiary (Abbott) Bushby, was born in Danvers (now Peabody) October 30, 1835, and received his education in the ])ublic schools of that town. His life has been spent on the farm where he was born, where he and his brothers Henry and Philip worked with their father until his death in 1883, when the property was divided. Since that time Mr. Bushby has been a farmer on his own account, now and for the last ten years having the assistance of his own son. and together they carry on a daily milk delivery business in the towns of Danvers and Peabody. Like his father before him, Mr. Bushby is a practical and thrifty farmer, and while not particularly active in public affairs he is known as one of the substantial men of the town. Originally he was a Democrat, but during more recent years has been identified with the Republican party. At the present time he is meat inspector for the town of Peabody. Mr. Bushby married first, Mary S. Dodge, died May 28, 1868, aged thirty years eight months ; married second, Sarah Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. David and Sarah (Batchelder) Tilton. He had two children by his first wife and one child by his second wife: I. Erankie. died four months old. 2. Mary Alice, wife of Frank C. Lummus. 3. William, born July 19, 1884.

(V) Horace Bushby, youngest son and child of Henry and Mary (Abbott) Bushby, was born February 8, 1848; married first, Susan Gray, died May 4, 1885, daughter of Andrew and Melinda (Bancroft) Gray; married second. Harriet M. Simonds, born in Farmington, Maine, died in Peabody, Alassachusetts, September 27, 1898, daughter of Charles and Mary (Coates) Simonds. Horace and Susan (Gray) Bushby had children, all born in Peabody: i. Fred W., born February II, 1871 ; married Ida Tigh. 2. Helen G., died aged about nineteen years. 3. Louise A., born November 8, 1878; married Roger Merrill. 4. Philip Osborn, born December 21, 1880; married Irene Miller, of Peabody.

(VI) William Bushby, only child of William and Sarah Elizabeth (Tilton) Bushby, was born in Peabody, Massachusetts, July 19, 1884. He was educated in the Peabody public schools, and afterward took a business course in the Salem Commercial School. He is a farmer with his father, and besides the general work of the farm they have a milk delivery business in Danvers and Peabody. In politics he is a Republican, and a member of the Essex Republican Club. Mr. Bushby married Cora Carlton, of Peabody.

part of New France which in early times was called Acadia ; and not all Scotchmen and Scotch-Irish who went there in later years and gave to the region the name of New Scotland, or Nova Scotia; and they were not all Englishmen who subsequently possessed the territory there and acquired sovereignty and jurisdiction ; but among those who have dwelt for generations in that part of the royal province was a liberal sprinkling of Germans and Dutchmen, whose place of abode has been maintained for many years in the township of West Dublin, in the county of Lunenburg.

For several generations at least the Publicovefs and the Sponegals have lived and labored and prospered in West Dublin, and until within the last half century their English speech was broken and imperfect, with strong German accent ; and from the fact that a tradition among them still runs to the effect that their ancestors came originally from Germany and Holland, there is undoubtedly more of sound truth than vague tradition respecting their remote ancestry. These families, and others as well of different names, have dwelt in Lunenburg county for perhaps more than a century, and while they have lived well, educated their children well, and become prosperous and forehanded, their chief care has been for the material things of life and the future of their children rather than for the preservation of family records in the form of genealogy. Pride of ancestry ever has been maintained among them and each succeeding generation appears to have striven to improve upon the conditions of its predecessor, and their labors in this respect have not been in vain.

(I) Jacob Publicover was born in Lunenburg county, Nova Scotia, about the year 1790, but it is believed that his father emigrated there from Holland. They were farmers and fishermen, the former being the chief occupation. Jacob married a Aliss Cotman, and had children, among them sons William, Solomon and Jacob, and a daughter Eleanor, whose married name is Peterson.

(H) The son Jacob was born in Lunenburg county, 1820, and died in Liverpool, Xova Scotia, in 1904. He was a farmer and lumberman, an industrious and thrifty man. and got along well in life, both in years and the comforts of living. Pie married h^llen Sponegal, born in 1826, died 1898. daughter of James Sponegal, of W'est Dublin, himself an energetic man. a farmer, and who also did some fishing, as did nearly all of the inhabitants of that part of Lunenburg county. Jacob and i'^llen had a large family of ten children, four of whom eventually came to live in New England. Children, i. Jacob Leander. lives in Nova Scotia. 2. Stephen, now dead. 3. Saloame. married Charles Dakin and is now dead. 4. Minoah, now dead. 5. Austin S., now dead. 6. Stanage, lives in Gloucester, Massachusetts. 7. .Xda C, married Franklin Smith and lives in Nova Scotia. 8. Leah AL, married Nathan Dexter, and lives in Nova Scotia. 9. James Erbin. now living in Boston. TO. William Alexander of Eastern Point. (jIoucester.

(HI) William Alexander Publicover was a boy of less than seventeen years old when he determined to strike out for himself, and with that purpose in mind he went on board the schooner "Eleazer Boynton"' and landed in Gloucester in 1887. He soon , found employment in a summer hotel, and worked in one capacity and another until he gained a good practical understanding of the business, and when summer season closed he sometimes went as master of vessels to the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. In 1900 he secured a lease of the Rockaway House, on Eastern Point, in Gloucester, managed it with good success until 1904. and then purchased the property and its surrounding grounds, one of the most attractive and inviting summer rei--8 sorts on Cape Ann. Mr. Publicover is a Mason, member of Acacia Lodge. F. and A. M., of East Gloucester ; an Odd Fellow, member of Ocean Lodge; an Elk, Lodge No. 892 of Gloucester; and in politics is a Republican. He married, October 22, 1907, Elizabeth May Cameron, born in Gloucester, June 2, 1884, daughter of Clarence Walter Cameron and Alary (Murphy) Cameron, both natives of Gloucester, the former born September 12, 1858. and the latter December 25, i860. They married April 12, 1877, and have six children: Clarence \\'alter, Jr.. born November 29, 1879. married Mabel Ring; George Edward, born August 29, 1880; Emily Adams, born April 29, 1882; Elizabeth May, born June 2, 1884, now Mrs. Publicover; Marion Evelyn, born February 25, 1893; Plarriet Shepard, born September 25, 1900, died May 20. 1901.

The early generations of this FARRAR surname in America spelled the name in divers ways - Farr, Farough. Farrowe, Farrar and Farrow, and the same diversity is found among the descendants of the same progenitor.

(I) George Farrar. immigrant ancestor, was born in England in 1594, according to a deposition in the Dexter case in 1657, when he gave his age as sixty-three years. He was a shipwright by trade, coming with Higginson among the first settlers in Salem in 1629 and receiving a grant of land in 1630. His widow deposed June 2, 1684, that she had lived fiftyfour years in Lynn on a tract given to her husband by the town of Lynn. This includes the period from about 1643 to about 1650. when they lived at Ipswich, however. The Ipswich records speak of him in 1643 ! '^^ was herd keeper there in 1647 a^n^l famous killer of foxes there, according to the town records. Some of his children were born in Ipswich. He followed farming at Salem most of his life, however. He was admitted a freeman May 6. 1635. He died October 24. 1662. He married first. Ann Whitmore, February 16, 1643-44; she deposed 1658 that her age was who died March, 1687. Children, born at Ipswich and Salem, but order of birth unknown: I. George, born at Ipswich, May 9, 1650, probably the George killed by the Indians in King Philip's war. September 2"], 1676. at Wells, Maine. 2. John, died October 29. 1672. 3. Lazarus, died December 9. 1669. 4. Benjamin, mentioned below. 5. Joseph, married Hannah Walden. 6. Mary, born at

(II) Benjamin Farrar, son of George Farrar (1), was born about 1660 in Salem, Massachusetts. He was admitted a freeman there in 1691. He married, July 28, 1680, Elizabeth Burrill, daughter of Francis Burrill. She died March 11, 1697. Children, born at Lynn, Massachusetts: i. Elizabeth, July 3, 1682. 2. Mary, July 28, 1684. 3. Sarah, February 18, 1686-87. 4. Hannah, April 18, 1690. 5. John, July 5, 1692, died November 5, 1692. 6. John, mentioned below.

(HI) John Farrar, son of Benjamin Farrar (2), was born in Lynn, September 11, 1695. He married Mary Collins, at Lynn, August 2, 1715. Children, born at Lynn: i. John, born July 19, 1716, mentioned below. 2. Joseph. 3. Mary, married, at Framingham, March 27, 1751, John Trowbridge.

(IV) Major . John Farrar, son of John Farrar (3), was born in Lynn, July 19, 1716. He was administrator of the estate of an unmarried brother, Joseph, who died in the Cape Breton expedition of the army, leaving eighteen pounds, sixteen shillings for wages due, 1745. He settled in Framingham, Massachusetts, residing on the Parson Swift place. His house was on the south side of the road, and he had a grist mill on the river near the east line of the I. S. Wheeler farm. He also owned the Eli BuUard farm on the east side of the river, but sold it in 1770 to John Fiske. He was selectman, town treasurer, deputy sheriff of Middlesex county, major of the Third Middlesex Regiment from 1757 to 1772. He was in town office practically all the time after he settled in the town until 1774. In May, 1774, he was elected on the committee of safety and correspondence in Fitzwilliam, New Hampshire. He was an early settler in Monadnock No. 4, as Fitzwilliam was first called, and was moderator of the first town meeting in 1770. In the same year he was on a committee to procure a minister. He died at FitzwilHam, January, 1777- His executor, Nathan Winch, sold his Framingham farm of fifty-six acres April 14, 1777, to Stephen Jennings.

He married, first, October 13, 1740, Martha Swift, daughter of Rev. John and Sarah (Tileston) Swift. She died in 1749 and he married, second, October 4, 1750, Deborah Winch, daughter of Thomas and Deborah (Gleason) Winch. Children: i. Mary, born

3, 1758, mentioned below. 9. William, born June 23, 1760, married Irena Boynton, and lived at Troy, New Hampshire. 10. Daniel, born February 19, 1763, died unmarried at Troy. II. Anne, born October 27, 1765, married Shurtleff. 12. Samuel, born January 22, 1769, married Mary Nutting, of Pepperell. 13. Hitty, born' 1771, baptized October 14, 1771 ; married Joseph Haskell, resided in Troy.

(V) Joseph Farrar, son of John Farrar (4), was born in Framingham, Massachusetts, April 3, 1758; married, 1781, Hannah Kimball, born December, 1758, died March 6, 1786, daughter of Ephraim and Mary (Wetherbee) Kimball. Ephraim Kimball was born at Bradford, Massachusetts, August 16, 1722, died February 14, 1782; married, July 18, 1746, Mary Wetherbee, daughter of Ephraim and Elizabeth Wetherbee, of Lunenburg, Massachusetts. The Kimballs resided in Lunenburg and Bradford. The lineage of Hannah Kimball: Hannah (6), Ephraim (5), Ephraim (4), Thomas (3), Thomas (2), Richard (i). Joseph Farrar married, second, Martha Nutting, of Pepperell ; third, Elizabeth Fletcher, of Dunstable,. Massachusetts. He resided in Pepperell, Massachusetts. A Joseph Farrar, of Dunstable, was in Captain Bancroft's company. Colonel Bridges's regiment, in the revolution, enlisting for the town of Newburyport, and giving his residence as Dunstable, in or near which this Joseph (5) was living, his height five feet seven inches and complexion dark, but the age was given as twenty-eight on the rolls, whereas he was but twenty. He had a son Kimball, mentioned below. Probably others.

(VI) Kimball Farrar, son of Joseph Farrar (5), was born about 1800, in Pepperell, Massachusetts. He settled at Bradford, Massachusetts. He married Almira Emerson. Children, born in Bradford: i. John Borland, born December 19, 1830, mentioned below. 2. William Kimball, September 17, 1833. 3. Joseph Emerson, January 9, 1837.

19, 1830, died there April I, 1887. He was educated in the public schools of his native town. In the early fifties, when a young man, he was a pioneer in California. When he returned to Bradford he engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes, and continued with much success the- remainder of his life. His factory was in the city of Haverhill, and he was one of the most prominent manufacturers of that famous city of shoe manufacturers. In politics he was a Republican and an influential member of his party. He represented his district in the general court, and was active in town afl^airs. For his many good (jualities of heart and mind, in public and private life alike, he commanded the respect and esteem of his townsmen. He and his family were members of the Congregational church at Bradford. His home was in his native town. He was a member of the Vree ]\Iasons, Royal Arch Masons, Royal and Select Masters, Knights Templar.

He married Sarah Eliza l^'arrar, daughter of Farwell Farrar, of Pei)perell, Massachusetts, August 6, 1863. They had no children. Mrs. Farrar resides in Bradford at 140 Main street. She is a member of the First Congregational Church, a niemljcr of the Missionary Society.

record, came to this country with his brother Isaac in the ship "Lion" in 1632. He was a blacksmith, and one of the first settlers of Salisbury, Massachusetts, ac- (|inring land there in the first division, 1640. He and Henry Saywood built a corn mill in 1642, on land granted them for that ])urpose. He signed the church petition in 1658 ; was living in Cambridge in 1632. He died June 20. 1662, while on a visit to Roxbury. He married, June 10, 1645, Sarah Clement, daughter of Robert Clement, of Haverhill. Children: I. Isaac, see forward. 2. Jacob, born August 24. 1648, married, July 15, 1674, Susanna AVhittier, daughter of Thomas and Ruth (Green) Wdiittier. 3. Sarah, born October 14, 1650, married, first, January 5, 1670, Philip Rowell ; second, July 31, 1695, Cresiphorus Page; third. May 29, 1708, Daniel Merrill. 4. Abraham, born November 14. 1652, married, about 1688, Sarah Bradbury, born February 26, 1661. daughter of Wymond and Sarah (Pipe) Bradbury, of Salisbury. 5. Moses, born December 28, 1655, married, first, Rebecca Barnes ; second, Mary . 6. Aaron,

(II) Isaac Alorrill, eldest child of Abraham (I) and Sarah (Clement) Alorrill, was born in Salisbury, Massachusetts. July 10, 1646. Like his father he was a blacksmith. He was a member of Salisbury church in 1687, and died October 17, 17 13. He married, November 14, 1670, Phoebe Gill, who probably died Afay 6, 1714. Their children were: i. Abraham, see forward. 2. Isaac, born in Salisbury. July 24. 1673. married. May 30, 1696, Abigail Brown, born b'ebruary i, 1674-75. 3. Sarah, born May 27, 1675. probably never married. 4. Jacob, born May 25, 1677, married, first. December 4. 1701, Elizabeth Stevens; second, January 5. 1722-23, Elizabeth Dalton. 5. John, born November 2, 1679, married, December 23. 1703. Mary Stevens, born November 7. 1679. daughter of Benjamin and Llannah (Barnard) Stevens. 6. Rachel, born February 18, 1681-82, died February 29, of the same year. 7. Daniel, born February 18. 1682-83. married, Januarv 23, 1706-07. Hannah Stevens, born April 30, 1682. daughter of Benjamin and Hannah (IJarnard) Stevens. 8. Jemima, born October 9, 1685, married, January 18, 1720-21, Joseph Pike, Jr., of Newbury. 9. ]\Iary. born September 10. 1689. unmarried. 10. Rachel, born August 24. 1692, married, March 20, 1711-12. John Shepard.

(III) Abraham Morrill, eldest child of Isaac (2) and Phoebe (Gill) Morrill, born in Salisbury, August 22, 167 1. died April 15, 1 73 1. He married. January 2. 1695-96, Elizabeth Sargent, daughter of \\'illiam and Mary (Colby) Sargent. She died April 21, 1731. Their children were: i. Judith, born November 24, 1696, married, probably, December 26, 1 71 7, Benjamin True. 2. Mary, born March 7, 1698-99, married, probably, January 29, 1 71 8- 19, Samuel Brown. 3. Reuben, born- February 15, 1700, married, first. January 9, 1723-24. Abigail Page; second. December 26. 1728. Hannah Winsley. 4. Phebe, born April 23. 1703, married, probably. February 2, iy26-2y, Reuben Currier. 5. Abraham, see forward. 6. Elizabeth, born April 13. 1708. married, probably. November 9. 1727. Henrv Currier. 7. Jemima, born December 21, 1712, married. 173 1. Ezekiel Morrill.

(IV) Abraham Morrill, second son and fifth child of Abraham (3) and Elizabeth (Sargent) Morrill, born November 25, 1705, and resided in Salisbury. He married, 1727, Anna Clough, and they had children : Samuel, Abraham, Roby, Elizabeth, Abraham, Abel, see forward ; Abraham.

(V) Abel Morrill, sixth child of Abraham (4) and Anna (Clough) Morrill, married Sarah Carr, of Hampton, New Hampshire. They had children : Sarah, Samuel, see forward ; Mary, Eunice.