Cambridge City (part 10 of 12)

He was recognized by his fellow-members as a clear-headed, practical business man, with an excellent capacity for stating his views clearly and forciblj^ in the debates, in many of which he took part. The modification of the bill in relation to truant schools for Middlesex County, so that small institutions may be established instead of one large one, was due quite largely to Mr. Read's management.

bonds for Cambridge; also the petition for authority to make a loan for public parks, securing an amendment providing for the appointment of park commissioners. He also secured passage of an act for taking land in Belmont for a high service reservoir for Cambridge, in spite of strong opposition from Belmont. He also had charge of and was instrumental in passing the bill for the increase of the Massachusetts naval militia. This arm of the service was originally created by a bill presented by Mr. Read when he was in the Legislature in 1888.

But his most important work was upon the annexation of Cambridge to Boston. There was in the Senate a combination of circumstances which made it seem probable at one time that the decision might be adverse to Cambridge. The committee on cities recommended that the matter be "referred to the next General Court." Senator Read was not satisfied with this semi-approval, and was unwilling that the subject should lie open to the next Legislature to be again taken up, and therefore determined to kill it. His principal opponent was confident of success, having with him the committee on cities, backed by the advocates of annexation. Against both these elements he alone made the fight, with the motion that the whole question be "indefinitely postponed." After a long and hot debate Mr. Read carried the Senate in favor of this motion. A re-consideration was attempted at a later day by the advocates of annexation, but Senator Read again carried the day, and the proposition was thus killed and thrown out of the Legislature for good. These facts are mentioned as showing Mr. Read's ability as a legislator and his influence in the Senate. He has many times been urged to accept the candidacy for mayor of the city but declined.

Mr. Read has always been a Republican in state and national politics. In city politics he has been a hearty supporter of the Cambridge non-partisan methods of selecting officers. He is greatly interested in all public matters, and the spirit which prompted him to offer his life to the nation in the days of peril has never ceased to control him when there was opportunity to promote the public interest.

In the fiftieth anniversay Cambridge celebration, in 1896, Mr. Read was chief marshal, and was in a large measure responsible for its notable success. He was also chief marshal of the naval procession in Boston at the Grand Army encampment of 1904. At present, he is commander of the Massachusetts Commandery of the " Naval Order" of the United States; commander of the Association of Union Ex- Prisoners of War; trustee of the National Sailors' Home ; member of the National Council of the Civil Service Reform League of United States; president of the Cambridge Civil Service Association; a state commissioner of the Massachusetts Nautical Training School. He delivered the memorial address at Harvard in 1900.

William J. Rolfe

WILLIAM J. ROLFE RoLFE, William J., was bom in Newbtoryport, Mass., December 10, 1827, and died July 7, 1910. After graduating at Amherst College in 1849, he taught in Maryland (Kirkwood Academy); at Wrentham, Mass., (Day's Academy) ; and later as head-master of high schools in Dorchester, Lawrence, Salem and Cambridge. In 1867 he edited Craik's "English of Shakespeare," and in 1868 a series of text-books in Physics, Chemistry and Astronomy, in conjunction with Mr. J. A. Gillet; also selections from Ovid, Virgil and Horace, with Mr. J. H. Hanson. In 1870-1883 he edited the complete works of Shakespeare. He has also edited selections from Gray (1875), Goldsmith (1876), Tennyson (1884-1896), and the complete poems of Tennyson (10 volumes, 1898); two volumes of selections from Browning (1887); Scott's "Lady of the Lake," "Marmion," and "Lay of the Last Minstrel," with a complete edition of Scott's Poems (1882-1887); Byron's "Childe Harold" (1887); "Minor Poems of Milton" (1887); Macaulay's "Lays of Ancient Rome" (1888); Selections from Wordsworth (1888); and a series of "Elementary English Classics" (six volumes, 1888-1890). Other of his books are "Shakespeare the Boy" (1896); "The Elementary Study of English" (1896); "Life of Shakespeare" (1901), and "A Satchel Guide to Europe" (1872, revised annually to 1907),

He received the honorary degree of A.M. from Harvard in 1859, the same from Amherst in 1865, and that of Doctor of Letters (Litt.D.) from Amherst in 1887.

He married (1856) Eliza Jane Carew, who died in 1900. He had three sons: John Carew Rolfe, George William Rolfe and Charles Joseph Rolfe (died in 1911), all graduates of Harvard; the first being professor of Latin in the University of Pennsylvania ; the second, an instructor in the Institute of Technology; and the third, a lawyer. Dr. Rolfe came to Cambridge in 1862, when he became head-master of the High School, which was not divided into English and Latin Schools until after he left in 1868.

W. G. ROSEBERY For more than twenty years President Rosebery has been an unusually successful teacher, principal and president in literary and com- mercial colleges. For sixteen years he has been principal and president of successful schools. For more than twent}' years, before establishing the Cambridge Commercial College, he was with the largest commercial school organization in the world - about thirty schools with an annual attendance of more than 10,000 - first as teacher, then principal and finally as superintendent of^a group of the schools.

The president of that great organization, Mr. G. W. Brown, also the manager of the American Business Educational Exhibit at World's Fair, Chicago, 1893, said, "Mr. Rosebery's work is characterized by that strength, thoroughness and skill which denote the clear head and the master hand."

Mr. Roseberj' holds a handsome diploma issued to him by the Chicago World's Fair, for "imusual skiU as teacher of Bookkeeping and Penmanship," and a solid silver medal from the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904, for skill as teacher of bookkeeping, penmanship and rapid calcxilation, both the diploma and the medal having been won for him by his pupils in Competitive Examinations.

Mr. Rosebery has made a specialty of preparing young men and young women for confidential positions and has become so skiUfvil in "fitting the right person into the right place," that many successful and prominent business and professional men rely entirely on his judgment and recommendations and sometimes have him make a selection several months ahead so as to be certain to secure someone trained under his super\'ision. His wide experience as teacher and business manager has given him a thorough knowledge of what business men want, and the pupils trained under his personal direction are fortunate. The pupils of the Cambridge Commercial College have his personal attention and the benefit of his successful experience.

Joseph Henry Russell

JOSEPH HENRY RUSSELL Russell, Joseph Henry, was bom in Cambridge, February 21, 1855. He received his education in the pubHc schools of Cambridge and in special schools in Boston. Mr. Russell has always been active in mimicipal matters, and was a member of the Common Coimcil during the years 1890, 1891, 1892 and 1893, the' last year being president of that Board.

Joseph Hexry Russell

He is the General Manager for a firm of Boston gentlemen whose special business is the management of estates in trust. This business calls for the closest personal attention, experience and most careful judgment, and Mr. Russell's long connection with the firm, which extends over a period of more than thirty-five years, speaks volimies for his business foresight and sagacity. He is also a Director of the Cambridge Electric Light Company. Mr. Russell is a member of the Cambridge and Colonial Clubs, of Amicable Lodge of Masons, and Harvard CovmcU Royal Arcanum.

William Eustis Russell

WILLIAM EUSTIS RUSSELL Russell, William Eustis, the youngest man ever raised to the Commonwealth, and who was one of the remarkable figures, politically, in this country, was bom in Cambridge, January 6, 1857, and died in August, 1896. He was the son of Charles Theodore and Sarah Elizabeth (Ballister) Russell, and was educated in the Cambridge schools and Harvard College, graduating in the class of '77. He studied law at the Boston University Law School, received the first degree of Bachelor of Law? from that university in 1879, entered the law office of his father, and was admitted to the Suffolk Bar in 1880. He was elected to the common council of his native city in 1881, and served the two following years in the board of aldermen. He was chosen mayor in 1884, and was re-elected the three succeeding years, twice without opposition.

In 1888, in response to a popular request, he accepted the nomination of his party as candidate for governor. Although he was defeated, he led the ticket. In 1889 he again led a brilliant but unsuccessful campaign, and so increased his vote that hopes were entertained of his election if again nominated. He again received the nomination in 1890, and was triumphantly elected. He was re-elected in 1891 and 1892, at both times in the face of strong opposition. His administration was conducted on sound business principles, and as governor he showed the capacity to grasp the popular demands in the way of legislation, and at all times upheld the interests and honor of the state. As an orator, he was one of the most brilliant in the state.

Dudley Allen Sargent

DUDLEY ALLEN SARGENT Sargent, Dudley Allen, professor of physical training and director of Hemenway Gymnasium, Harvard University, was bom in Belfast, Waldo County, Me., September 28, 1849. His father, Benjamin Sargent, son of Samuel and Lucy Sargent, and a descendant from William Sargent "second," son of William and Mary (Epes) Sargent, of Exeter, England and Bridgeton, Barbadoes. William "second" built a home on Eastern Point, Gloucester. Massachusetts Bay Colony, in 1678. He married Mary, daughter of Peter Duncan, and they had fourteen children. Benjamin Sargent married Caroline Jane, daughter of Martin and Sally (Grinnell) Rogers, of Belfast, Me., who was a descendant from John Rogers of Marshfield, Plymouth Colony, who came to America about 1641. He was a ship carpenter and spar maker, and died in 1855.

and ships and constructing toy machines. He was brought up in the town of Belfast, on a farm owned by his uncle, and he assisted him in the work on the farm. He attended school but part of each year, being obliged to work most of the time. His helpful books when young, were: Smile's "Self Help," and Emerson's " Conduct of Life," while Cutler's " Physiology" first turned his attention to the importance of physical exercise and habits of right living. His school training was received at the Belfast public schools and the Brunswick high school.

physical culture. He invented gymnastic games, exercises, apparatus and developing appliances as used in most of the American schools, colleges, athletic clubs and Y.M.C.A. gymnasiums. He strongly advocated physical training as a regular part of the school and college curriculum. He had two life-size statues made in 1893 of the typical American student, a man and a woman. These were made from measurements furnished by about ten thousand students of both sexes from the leading American colleges and universities.

He was director of the g}-mnasium at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me., from September, 1S69 to 1S75, and was graduated at Bowdoin College, A.B., 1875. He then pursued a course in medicine at Yale University medical school, where he was instructor in gymnastics, 1876- 1879, and was graduated M.D., 1878. He also attended medical lectures in the schools and hospitals of New York City during the spring of 1878. He was assistant professor of physical training at Harvard University, 1879-1889, and director of Hemenway Gymnasium from 1879, and of the Harvard Summer School for physical culture from 1887. He started the Sargent "Winter Normal School for physical education in 1881. An inborn love for activity for its own sake, and a feeling of well-doing, resulting therefrom, prompted him to teach

He also constructed twenty-two anthropometric charts the same year, showing the distribution of any American community as to physical power and proportions; also the relation of the individual, in size, strength, symmetry and development, to the normal standard of the same age. He did not patent his gymnastic apparatus and developing appliances, but gave them freely to the public, thinking that was the best way to serve the cause of physical education. He came, however, to regard this as a mistaken idea, as the profits derived from a roj-alt}' on the extensive sale made of patented apparatus would have enabled him to carr^^ en his work of research and investigation with more comfort and better results, and the public woiild not have been taxed any moreforthemanufactured appliances.

He received the honorarj' degree of A.M. from Bowdoin in 1SS7, and Sc.D. in 1894. His college fraternity was the Alpha Delta Phi, and the following learned societies have admitted him to membership : American Association for the Advancement of Science; American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education, of which he was president for several years; American Academy of Medicine; American Statistical Association; American PubHc Health Association; National Educational Association; Boston Society of Medical Science; Boston Natural History Society; Boston Physical Education Society; and his club association is with the Boston Athletic and Cambridge Clubs. He was originally a Republican, but voted for Cleveland, and from that time has been independent in politics, both national and local. His religious affiliation is with the Universalist denomination. He is the author of

"Handbook of Developing Exercises" (1SS2); "In Case of Accident" (18S4); "Universal Test for Strength and Endurance" (1902); " Health, Strength and Power" (1904) ; " Physical Education" (1906); and of various papers read or published by societies and associations and articles for current magazines. His investigations include: "The Physical Characteristics of Athletics" (1887); "The Height and Weight of Cuban Teachers Compared with American" (1900); "The Physique of Scholarship Men, Athletes, and the Average Students" (1907). He enjoys and finds recreation for his own body in swimming, bicycling, dancing and walking and in change of employment.

He was married April 7, 1881, to Ella Eraser, daughter of William and Frances (Worthington) Ledyard, of Brooklyn, N.Y., and one child, Ledyard, was bom of the marriage.

Moses

MOSES Sawin, Moses was born in Southborough, Mass., May 5, 1835. He was a farmer and miller, having a grist mill in his native town. He worked in his father's grist mill until 1860, attending the common schools of his native town in his boyhood. He left home and removed to Cambridge, Mass., August 14, 1860, buying out what was then known as Buck's Express. He conducted this business several years under its old name, then changed it to Sawin's Express, which became one of the best known and most flourishing of the suburban express lines about Boston. His business was in transporting baggage and merchandise between Boston and Cambridge. He continued in business until 1905, when he sold out to the Boston & Suburban Express Company, and retired from active business. He has resided since 1866, in Cambridge, at No. 73 Brattle Street, his present home. He is a well-known and highly esteemed citizen. Moses M.

Moses Morse Sawin

Sawin married, January 18, 1859, in Augusta, N.Y., Susan Olive Kendall, daughter of Leonard Jarvis and Olive Kendall. Leonard Jarvis Kendall was a son of David and Susan Kendall, of Cambridge, descendant of Francis Kendall, the immigrant settler and founder of Wobum, Mass. Children: Jennie Olive, bom March 1, 1861, married Henry Carleton Piper, a son of Henry A. Piper, of Cambridge. Henr\- Carleton Piper resides in Australia, representative of the banking firm of Henry W. Peabody & Company, of New York City. Children; Margaret Piper, bom May 25, 1892; Warren Piper, bom February S, 1898. Charles Austin, bom March 5, 18(53, assistant cashier of the First National Bank of Boston; married Carrie Howland Allen, a direct descendant of John Howland, who came in the Mayflower; resides in Newton, Mass.; no children. Susan Kendall, bom May 17, 1867, resides at home with her parents. Herbert Edward, bom February 23, 1869, proprietor of H. E. Sawin's Express, Cambridge; married Edith Adams, of Cambridge; child, Edward Adams, bom January 21, 1903. Alice L., bom January 17, 1872, resides with her parents. George Alfred, bom October 12, 1878, is with the General Electric Company, Lynn, Mass. ; married Grace A. Schofield, whose father bought out the firm of Henry *Plympton & Company, furniture dealers, Boston; child, George A., bom March 21, 1907.

Mr. Sergeant is a practical man who has come along to success, first, because he knows and enjoys the details of street railroading, and, second, because of his capacity for work. He has seen the Boston Elevated grow into one of the great systems of the country, and he has

Charles Spencer Sergeant

CHARLES SPENCER SERGEANT Sergeant, Charles Spencer, \'ice-president of the Boston Elevated Street Railway, was bom in Northampton, Mass., April 30, 1852, the son of George and Lydia A. (Clark) Sergeant. He was graduated from the Northampton High School and entered a bank at Easthampton, where he remained for four years, when he went to Michigan and spent the years from 1872 to 1876 in railroad work. He then accepted a position mth the Eastern Railroad as chief clerk and auditor, settling in Boston, where in 1880 he was married to Elizabeth Shepley. Since 1888 he has been successively auditor, general manager, second vice-president had no small share in its success. With his associates he has believed in a policy of cooperation wnth the public in giving ser\4ce creditable alike to Boston and to the men behind the corporation.

He has traveled much abroad, at one time spending six months in London, having been called there as an expert to consult in the construction of the underground railway, one of the notable English enterprises.

Charles William Sever

Sever, Charles William, was bom in Plymouth, Mass., July 1, 1834. As a boy he came to Cambridge, in 1849, and entered the employ of John Bartlett, proprietor of the University Book Store, then located at the comer of Holyoke Street and Harvard Street (now Massachusetts Avenue). Some years later, Mr. Bartlett went into the firm of Little, Brown & Co., disposing of the book store to a firm which formed for the purpose, and which was composed of Mr. Sever, Mr. Allyn and Mr. Francis.

About that time, the concern moved to the comer of Boylston Street, and located where the grocery store of J. H. Wyeth & Co. now stands. A few years later, Mr. Francis died, and Mr. Allyn withdrew to take up a branch of the business which had been developed in Boston. This left the business entirely to Mr. Sever. In 1872, he again removed, this time to the store stiU occupied by the firm. From then tin about 1894, Mr. Sever conducted the business alone, finally forming a partnership with George H. Kent.

Mr. Sever also conducted an extensive insurance business, and had charge of much valuable real estate in the Harvard Square district, notably that owned by the Little estate.

Mr. Sever's connection with the Cambridge Savings Bank extended over a period of thirty years. In 1874, he was elected a trustee, and four years later, on March 18, 1878, he was elected president, holding the office tiU his death.

He had been a member of several organizations at various times in his life, but at the time of his death belonged only to the Order of Cincinnati. Mr. Sever died July 19, 1904. He is survived by a widow and five children.

William Baldwin Smith

WILLIAM BALDWIN SMITH Smith, William Baldwin, for many years a resident of Cambridge, and prominent in Boston business circles, came of an old Maine family. He was bom in the city of Bath in 1844. He spent the early part of his life in his native State, and received his education there. While stiU a young man he went to Boston for the purpose of obtaining emploj^nent. It was about forty-seven years ago that he started to

The firm of Braman, Dow and Company, with which he seciu-ed a position, was then and stUl continues to be one of the most important companies engaged in this part of the country in the manufacture of steam pipes and steam fitting supplies. Mr. Smith was an energetic and ambitious young man, having an unusual amoimt of business acumen for one of his age.

He set out to master every detail, and it was not long before his value to the company was recognized. Promotion followed promotion^ rapidly, untn finally he was asked to become a partner. Mr. Smith accepted the offer.

As a member of the firm, Mr. Smith did not relax his activity. His mind was fertile in ideas, and he was continually watching for opportunities to improve the methods in use by the company. Furthermore, he was always ready to Usten to the suggestions of others and to adopt them if they had merit. The business of Braman, Dow and Company increased remarkably under his direction.

A History Of Cambridge, Massachusetts

time prior to his death been vice-president of the Pioritan Trust Company, of Boston. His clear understanding of financial and business questions was highly esteemed by the directors and other ofificers of that institution. His long experience in dealing with men and things had furnished him with a large fund of information; hence his decisions were prompt. Men engaged in important enterprises often came to him for ad\'ice, and the success of many undertakings might be traced to his counsel.

Mr. Smith never sought or accepted public office from his fellow-citizens. He was affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, and was a member of Coeur de Lion Commandery and of Aleppo Temple, Mystic Shrine. His benefactions, though unostentatious, were mmierous.

By sound judgment and signal business success, William Baldwin Smith achieved the highest standing in the Boston manufacturing and financial world. By a long and consistently upright life he showed himself to be one of the State's best men. Such men - modest, faithful to all trusts, and advanced and liberal in thought - make the prosperity of their localities and insure the stability of the Commonwealth.

John E. Somers

SoMERS, John E., physician, was born in Nova Scotia. He obtained his early education in the schools of his native place, and then matriculated at the Saint Francis Xa^^er University. After leaving the University with the degree of LL.D., he began the study of medicine at the Harvard Medical School, and continued it at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College. He graduated and received the degree of M.D. from the latter institution. A year and a half in Vienna he devoted to further studies.

Dr. Somers commenced his professional career in Cambridge, and has ever since continued to practise here. He is now at the head of the visiting medical staff of the Holy Ghost hospital, and was formerly president of the Cambridge Medical Society. He is also a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, the American Medical Association and numerous clubs. He has served on the Cambridge School Committee,

Johx E. Somers Alvin Foye Sortwell

ALVIN FOYE SORTWELL SoRTWELL, Alvin Foye, banker and railroad president, was bom in Boston, July 21, 1854, son of Daniel R. and Sophia Augusta (Foye) Sortwell. He was educated in the Chavmcy Hall School, and at PhiUips (Andover) Academy, where he was fitted for college. Instead of entering college, however, he engaged actively in business, and at the age of eighteen was a partner in the firm of Sortwell & Co., and had fuU charge of the business in East Cambridge established by his father. After a successful and prosperous career he retired from active business in March, 1891. He had, however, retained his interests in banking and railroad business, and in other corporations, and at the time was president of the Cambridge National Bank, of which he had been a director for twelve years; and a member of the investment committee of the East Cambridge Savings Bank; president of the Cambridge Trust Company; president of the Montpelier & Wells River Railroad, of Vermont; vice-president of the Barre Railroad; president of the Colonial Mining Corporation of New Mexico; director in the B. and R. Rubber Company, and National Binding Company; and treasurer of the Columbia Water Power Company, of Columbia. He was prominent in Cambridge affairs for many years and served for a long period in the city government; first elected to the common council in 1878, he served during the year 1879; then, moving into another ward, he was again chosen in 1885, and returned in 1886, 1887 and 1888. The last year he served as president of the body. He was next elected an alderman for 1889, and re-elected for 1890, the latter year being chosen unanimously president of the board. During five years of this long ser\'ice he was a member of the committee on finance, and chairman both on the part of the council and of the aldermen; five years also on the committee on roads and bridges, and its chairman on the part of both branches; a member of the committee on the Harvard Bridge; chairman of the committee on ordinances dioring their revision in 1889; and a member of the committee on purchase of a site for the new city hall. He was a member of the Cambridge water board for a number of years, and was chairman of the board at the time of his death. He was a member of the committee on the revision of the city charter; and served as a trustee of the Cambridge public hbrary for six years, treasurer of the board, resigning the latter position on the first of January, 1895. In 1897 and 1898 he was mayor of the city of Cambridge. Mr. SortweU was a very bright and able man. His administration of the city's affairs was a task well accomplished, one of the best since Cambridge became a city. He was a member of lodge, chapter and commandery of Free Masons; and a member of the Algonquin and Athletic Clubs of Boston; of the Eastern Yacht Club; the Oakley Club; of the Coimtry Club of 'Brookline, and of the Union, Colonial, and Cambridge Clubs of Cambridge, of the latter a charter member. He was married December 31, 1879, to Miss Gertrude Winship Dailey, daughter of William and Mary Elizabeth (Winship) Dailey, of Cambridge. They have sLx children: Clara, Frances Augusta, Daniel R., Marion, Edward Carter and Alvin F. Sortwell. Mr. SortweU died March 21, 1910. He is stirvived by his wife and the above-named children. Mr. Sortwell will be greatly missed in the community to which he has been boimd by peculiar bonds of tenderness. He leaves to his family that choicest of all legacies - an honored name and a reputation for uprightness, integrity, gentleness and courtesy. Daniel R. Sortwell, the eldest son has succeeded his father in the various positions which he occupied.

Daniel Robinson Sortwell

DANIEL ROBINSON SORTWELL Sortwell, Daniel Robinson, of Cambridge, manufacturer and railroad president, was bom in Barton, Vt., July 10, 1820; died in Montpelier, Vt., October 4, 1894= His father was John Sortwell, of Barton, who was for manyyears selectman of the town. His maternal grandfather, Jonathan Robinson, was a soldier of the Revolution. His mother was Percy (Robinson) Sortwell. His boyhood was spent on the farm and in the local public schools ; and at the age of seventeen he started out to seek his fortune. Gathering his wordly goods in a bundle, he worked his way to Boston by assisting a cattle drover, doing the entire distance on foot, and there began his business career in a small position in the produce trade. From this humble beginning, through unflagging industry, perseverance and economy, he so advanced that within a few years he was enabled to enter business on his own account; and at the time of his death he was reported to be worth upward of two millions. His first venture was a produce store in Faneuil Hall market, in which he conducted a flourishing trade. In 1848 he formed the firm of SortweU & Co., commission merchants, with the late Thomas L. Smith as partner, which firm continued until 1856. Then he sold out this business, and established the "Sortwell Distillery" in East Cambridge, in which he prospered from the start. Later he became a stockholder in the Connecticut & Passumpsic River Railroad; and subsequently, through this connection, a bond-holder in the Montpelier & Wells River Railroad at its inception. In January, 1877, he was elected president of the latter road, which position he held at the time of his death. He was. also the promoter of the Barre Railroad, Vt., the line known as the "Sky Route " to the well-known Barre granite quarries, which was begun in July, 1888, and a length of five miles completed in 1889. In the construction of this road Mr. Sortwell took much interest ; and he was chiefly instrumental in building the branch from Montpelier to Barre, giving the

Railroad, Mr. Sortwell, at the time of his death, held the positions of president of the Cambridge National Bank, trustee of the East Cambridge Five Cents Savings Bank, and treasurer of the Columbia (S.C.) Water Power Company. In Cambridge he served for five years as a member of the Board of Aldermen. He was connected with the Masonic order.

Barre road direct connection with the MontpeUer & Wells River Railroad. He was a large stockholder in both of the Barre railroads, and also owned nearly ninety-eight per cent, of the stock of the Montpelier & Wells River Railroad, besides being a large real estate o\\Tier in Barre. He did much in upbuilding that towTi and for the advancement of MontpeUer. In addition to the presidency of the Montpelier & Wells River

Mr. Sortwell was married May 19, 1850, to Miss Sophia Augusta Foye, of Wiscasset, Me., daughter of Moses and Sophia A. Foye. They had one daughter and one son : Frances Augusta (bom June 8, 1851; died August 19, 1857) and Al\-in Foye Sortwell (born July 21, 1854; died March 21, 1910). Sophia A., wife of Daniel R. Sortwell, died on September 26, 1890, at Cambridge.

Charles Winthrop Spencer

Spencer, Charles Winthrop, lawyer, was bom at Cambridge, May 13, 1868, his parents being Charles H. and Clara M. (Palmer) Spencer. He graduated from the Cambridge Latin School in 1886; from Harvard College, with the degree of A.B., in 1890; and from Harvard Law School, with the degree of LL.B., in 1892. From 1894 to 1901 he was assistant clerk of the Superior Court, Suffolk County.

His law offices are in Barrister's Hall, Boston, but much of his time is spent with the T. E. Moseley Company, 160 Tremont Street, of which he is president and treasurer.

John P. Squire

Squire, John P., who died January 7, 1893, was a son of Peter and Esther Squire, and was bom in the town of Weathersfield, Windsor County, Vt., on the 8th day of May, 1819. His father was a farmer. The years of his boyhood were spent at his home, attending the public sphools and working on the farm.

On the first day of May, 1835, he entered the employment of a Mr. Orvis, the village storekeeper, at West Windsor, Vt., and remained with him until the winter of 1837, when he attended the academy at Unity, N.H., of which the Rev. A. A. Miner was then principal. He taught school at Cavendish during a part of the winter of 1837-1838. On the 19th of March, 1838, he came to Boston; entered the employ of Nathan Robbins, in Faneuil Hall Market, and continued with him until April 30, 1842, when he formed a co-partnership with Francis RusseU, and carried on the provision business at No. 25 Faneuil Hall Market, under the style of Russell & Squire, until the year 1847, when the co-partnership was dissolved.

Mr. Squire continued the business alone at the same place until the year 1855, when he formed a new co-partnership with Hiland Lockwood and Edward Kimball, under the name of John P. Squire & Company Corporation. The changes in the partners have been as foUows: the retirement of Edward Kimball in the year 1866; , the admission of W. W. Kimball in the same year, and his retirement in 1873; the admission of Mr. Squire's sons, George W. and Frank 0. Sqiaire, in the year 1873; the death of Hiland Lockwood in the year 1874; the retirement of George W. Squire in the year 1876; the admission of Fred F. Squire, Mr. Squire's youngest son, January 1, 1884, and the death of the founder of the house in 1893.

In 1855 Mr. Squire bought a small tract of land in East Cambridge and built a slaughter house. Since that time the business has grown to such an extent that the corporation of John P. Squire & Co. has today one of the largest and best equipped packing houses in the country, and stands third in the list of hog packers in the United States.

On October 5, 1891, a fire partially destroyed the large refrigerator of this corporation. This necessitated rebuilding. A system of artificial refrigeration has been adopted in place of the old method of refrigerating with ice, whereby the capacity of their packing house has been increased about double its capacity before the fire. The melting capacity of the ice machines used is one hundred and fifty tons of ice per day. A new chimney two hundred and twentyfive feet high, with a flue nine feet across at the base, and with walls four feet thick, has been built to run the refrigerating machines. With

In the year 1843 Mr. Squire married Kate Green Or\'is, daughter of his old employer. Eleven children were born of the marriage, eight of whom are now living, as follows: George W., Jennie C, Minnie E., John A., Kate I., Nannie K., Fred F., and Bessie E. Squire. One son, Charles, died in infancy, and a daughter, Nellie G., died October 13, 1890.

Mr. Squire joined the Mercantile Library Association when he first came to Boston, and spent a great deal of his leisure time in reading, of which he was very fond. The high position which he held in commercial circles was due to his untiring industry, undaunted courage and marked ability.

Henry C. Stetson

HENRY C. STETSON Stetson, Henry C, president of the Common Council of Cambridge, in 1907, and who died April 16 of that year, was born in Bangor, Me., in 1869 and spent his early life in the Pine Tree State. He attended PhiUips Academy, in Andover, and then entered Yale College, graduating in 1893. He came to Cambridge and entered the Harvard Law School, from which he took his degree in 1896. Three years later he received the degree of A.M. at Yale. He was admitted to the Maine bar and subsequently to the Suffolk bar.

He took up his residence in Cambridge in 1894, and lived here practically all of the time up to his death. He took an active interest in Cambridge public affairs. From the start he was with the Non-Partisan movement. He was chosen a member of the original committee of one hundred which formed the Non-Partisan Municipal Party. He was president of the Ward Nine Non-Partisan Club and performed a great deal of service in connection with registration. He was a member of the Oakley Club, the University Club and the Economy Club; a director of the Y.M.C.A., and a member of the executive committee of St. John's Chapel.

In 1904, Mr. Stetson received the nomination of the Non-Partisan party to the Common Council from Ward Nine, being unopposed in the primaries. He was again elected in 1906 and once more in 1907, being the only member of the council of this year having two years' experience. This fact and the fact that he had endeared himself to his fellow members won for him the presidency of that body, the election being unanimous.

In 1907, Mr. Stetson was chosen treasurer of the Non-Partisan City Committee. He was an incorporator of the Cambridge Savings Bank. He is survived by a wife.

Edmund Horace Stevens

Stevens, Edmund Horace, surgeon, was bom at Stansted, Canada, January' 2, 1846, being the son of Horace and Louisa J. Stevens. He decided to follow the profession of his father, who was a physician. In 1864, when the Civil War was raging, he proffered his services to the country-, which stood in need of men that had knowledge of surgery. As medical cadet in the United States Navy he was under fire with Farragut at Mobile Bay. Later in the year he was made medical officer in charge of the United States Steamship Philippa. Honorably discharged from the Navy, he obtained the appointment of acting stu-geon in the Army, and was afterwards promoted to be assistant surgeon. This was in 1865, and he was attached to the Army of the Potomac. The experience gained in both branches was invaluable.

After the war his studies were completed at the Harvard Medical School, from which he received the degree of M.D., in 1867. In 1871 he came to Cambridge, and has practised here ever since. The city owes much to him on account of his conscientious work at the Cambridge Hospital, where he is surgeon.

Among the organizations of which he is a member are the American Medical Association, the Boston Society for Medical Improvement, the Boston Obstetrical Society and the Cambridge Society for Medical Improvement.

Stratton, Samuel, the immigrant ancestor of the Strattons of Cambridge, Mass., was bom in England, in 1592, and married his first wife there; she probably died soon after her husband, herself and their two sons arrived in America. Samuel Stratton appeared as a surveyor of town lots in Watertown, Massachusetts Bay Colony, in 1647, and took the freeman's oath. May 18, 1653. He married, as his second wife, August 28, 1657, Margaret, widow of William Parker, of Boston. He resided in that part of the town of Watertown subsequently set off to the town of Cambridge, in the neighborhood of the present Lowell Park, and contiguous to land that became the estate of James Russell Lowell. Samuel and Margaret Parker Stratton had three sons: Samuel, John and Richard. Richard, son of Richard last named, settled in Easthampton, Long Island, N.Y., where both his uncle John and his father Richard lived for several j^ears. Samuel Stratton the immigrant, died December 18, 1676, aged eighty-one years.

John (2), son of Samuel and Margaret (Parker) Stratton, was bom in England, 1633, and settled with his father in Watertown, Mass., in 1647. He became a freeman of the town of Watertown, May 27, 1663, and married, March 10, 1659, Elizabeth Traine, and their children were: Elizabeth, bom in Watertown, died in infancy, 1659; John, bom August 24, 1661; Elizabeth, bom July 2, 1664; Joseph, bom January 13, 1666; Samuel, bom September 18, 1669; Rebecca, bom May 16, 1672; Ebenezer, bom November 2, 1677, died in infancy; Ebenezer, bom October 2, 1678; Jonathan, bom March 6, 1679. John Stratton, the father, died in Watertown, April 7, 1691; and his widow died May 7, 1708.

Joseph (3), second son of John and Elizabeth (Traine) Stratton, was bom in Watertown, January 13, 1666, and married Sarah How, November 14, 1695.

Jonathan (4), son of Joseph and Sarah (How) Stratton, was bom in Weston, Mass., 1714, and was married November 1, 1738, to Dinah Bemis, of Waltham. He served as a private in Colonel Lamson's company, and marched to Lexington on receiving the alarm, April 19, 1775, and served for three days, when he was discharged.

Jonathan (5), son of Jonathan and Dinah (Bemis) Stratton, was bom in Weston, March 8, 1746, and was married September 20, 1768, to Sarah Childs. He served as a private, according to the muster and pay rolls of Captain Jonathan Fiske, of Weston, in Colonel Brook's company, called out March 4, 1776, for five days' service, and was stationed at Dorchester Heights, and also performed various other military service.

Ira (7), son of Shubael C. and Betsey (Cook) Stratton, was bom in New Salem, Mass., January 6, 1804. He attended the common schools in his native town, leaving it when fourteen j-ears old to go west. At the age of sixteen he returned home and worked in a brush factory in Boston until he had learned the trade. Flavel Coolidge (1775-1848) operated a brush factory in Cambridgeport, Mass., and he made Ira Stratton his foreman as soon as he had completed his apprenticeship in the Boston establishment. Mr. Stratton continued in that position up to the time of the death of his father-in-law, in 1848, when he became sole owner of the factory. He subsequently opened a brush shop on Exchange Street, Boston, in co-partnership with Sheriff and Eastham, and the enterprise was very successful, enabling him to acquire a competence. His next business venture was in the manufacture of glass, in partnership with Amory Houghton, the factory being located in Somerville. The business proved to be uncongenial to Mr. Stratton, and he sold out to his partner, and gave the remainder of his life to the care of his estate.

He was married, November 6, 1835, to Martha Ann, daughter of Flavel and Anna (Wilds) Coolidge, and in this way became owner of the brush factory of Mr. Coolidge. Flavel Coolidge, father of Mrs. Ira Stratton, was the son of EHsha S. CooUdge, of Ashbumham, Worcester County, Mass., and the youngest of eleven children. He was bom in 1775, and in 1786 his father, with his entire family, joined the Shaker community at Shirley, Mass. This remarkable society, inaugurated in America by Ann Lee, who with eight of her followers embarked at Liverpool, England, May 19, 1774, and arrived in New York, August 6, following, purchased land in the woods of Watervliet, N.Y., in 1776, and while the colonists were engaged in the war of the there was a religious awakening at New Lebanon, Columbian County, N.Y., thirty miles distant, and many of the subjects of the revival there, visited "Mother Ann," at Watervliet, and became converts to the new faith. Ann

Revolution, these frugal and industrious people were building up a society that took within its fold the spirits of religious unrest wherever a religious awakening arose. After the society at Watervliet had been successfully planted,

Lee and her elders and friends became missionaries, and after establishing what proved to be their most successful settlement at New Lebanon, they held forth in Hancock, Tyringham, Howard and Shirley, in Massachusetts, and

Enfield, in Connecticut, and societies were planted which gathered many followers and each became models of industrial communism that attracted the attention of idealists not alone in America, but abroad also. After little more than two years of missionary work "Mother Ann" returned to Watervliet, where she received inquirers, and after a ministry of fourteen years, she died, September 8, 1784. It was three years after her death before regularly organized communities were established. The society at New Lebanon, N.Y., was organized in September, 1787, and furnished the model for the others. It grew to six hundred members, and the community owned six thousand acres of land. Watervliet grew to three hundred members; Groveland, Livingstone County, N.Y., to one hundred and fifty; Hancock, Berkshire County, Mass., to two hundred; Tyringham, Berkshire County, Mass., to one hundred; Harvard, Worcester County, to two hundred; Shirley, Mass., to one hundred; Enfield, Hartford County, Conn., to two hundred; Canterbury, Merrimac County, N.H., to three hundred; Enfield, Grafton County, N.H., to three hundred; Alfred, York County, Me., to one hundred and fifty; and New Gloucester, York County, Me., to one hundred and fifty members. These societies were formed between 1787 and 1792, and it was not until 1805, that Ohio and Kentucky were invaded by the disciples of Ann Lee ; like the Salem Witches and the Roman CathoHcs, the Shakers did not escape persecution from the Puritans of New England, and the society at Shirley, when "Mother Ann" was preaching there, was subjected to mob violence, not only from the outside world, but from dissenting members of the society, notably on March 3, 1802.

Flavel Coolidge left the community after he had learned the trade of brush-making, and attained his majority, in 1796. He journeyed to Cambridgeport, where he engaged as a carpenter with Josiah and Thomas Mason, and while thus engaged built a house of five rooms for himself, preparatory to his contemplated marriage, and in January, 1806, he married Anna, daughter of EHjah, Jr., and Eunice (Safford) Wilds, and granddaughter of Elijah (1718-1791) and Anna (Hovey) Wilds, all converts to the Shaker faith under the preaching of Ann Lee, and by so doing severed all family ties, and they with their children were merged in the Shaker community, and Elijah Wilds, Jr., was appointed an elder at the organization of the society in Shirley, and continued in office up to the time of his death, March 14, 1829, at the age of eighty-three years. Anna Wilds was bom February 15, 1779, and with her parents and grandparents became members of the Shaker community at Shirley. Here, she met Flavel Coolidge, son of Elisha Coolidge, who was bom January 19, 1775, died February 1, 1848. He was one of the founders of the First Universalist church of Cambridge, and a deacon for many years. Elisha Coolidge was bom July 20, 1720; died August 18, 1807. Flavel Coolidge was also a convert to the faith. When he left the community in 1796, Anna Wilds also deserted it, and went to live with relatives in Lancaster, Mass., and it was there that her lover found her and they were married. Flavel and Anna (Wilds) Coolidge had three children bom at their home at Cambridgeport, where the mother died, June 28, 1874, aged ninety-five years and four months. The children were: Merrick, bom October 6, 1806; married Sarah Ann Tucker, November, 1831; died, 1850; he had two children, Helen and Anna. Martha Ann, bom January 19, 1814; died, January 2, 1890. She married Ira Stratton, and their children were: Flavel Coolidge, bom in Cambridge, Mass., October 4, 1836; died February 15, 1840. Flavel Coohdge (2), bom in Cambridge, Mass., February 14, 1840. He prepared for college at the New Salem Academy, entered Harvard University 1858, and was graduated from there with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1861, the year in which he attained his majority. He studied law and then went abroad, visiting England, where he engaged in the banking business with B elding, Keith & Co. After retuming to Cambridge he removed to Erie, Pa., where he engaged in the dry goods business. Upon the death of his father, August, 1873, he retired from business and resided with his mother in Cambridge, where he died suddenly of heart failure, July 23, 1906. He was a member of the Masonic Fraternity. He was unmarried. A friend speaking of Flavel C. Stratton, said, "he was learned yet unpretentious, thoughtful yet not effusive in speech. Tender as a woman in his sympathies, yet lion-hearted for the right." Anna Maria, bom in Cambridge, February 4, 1848, died September 23, 1850. Martha Louise, bom in Cambridge, February 4, 1851, received her education in the public schools, completing the high school course. She married, November 20, 1889, Dwight W. Ensign (sketch follows). Flavel, Jr., (3) bom August 8, 1816, died in Cambridgeport, Febmary 28, 1891. He married Betsey Perkins, and (second) Almira Pierce.

Dwight W. Ensign, above mentioned, was bom in Sheridan, Chautauqua County, N.Y., August 2, 1839. He is the son of Seymour P. and Diantha (Holmes) Ensign, grandson of Otis Ensign, Jr., who enHsted in the Continental army when sixteen years old, and served five j-ears, being one of the guard at the hanging of Major Andre, and was with General Washington at Valley Forge, when he received a scolding and apolog}^ from Washington when circumstances were explained; great-grandson of Otis Ensign, Sr., who was killed in the massacre of Wyoming, and a decendant of James Ensign, who settled in Brattle Street, Cambridge, Mass., about 1632. He is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, Union Club of Boston, Cambridge, and the Boston Art Club. His wife, Martha Louise (Stratton) Ensign, has traveled extensively in Europe. She is a member of the Vermont Society of Colonial Dames; Old South Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Daughters of the Revolution; The Daughters of Massachusetts; New England's Women's Club; Cantabrigia Club of Cambridge; Peabody Home for Aged People, and other societies and organizations. Mrs. Ensign takes a deep interest in charitable and religious work. She is a member of the Second Church (Unitarian), of Copley Square, Boston.

William P. Sutton

WILLIAM P. SUTTON Sutton, William P., prominent Cambridge business man and proprietor of the Mansion House Ice Cream Company, was bom on June 16, 1865. He received a good education in the public schools of Cambridge. His first independent business venture was a grocerj^ and provision store. Mr. Sutton continued to conduct it for sixteen years, and in addition, about twenty-eight years ago, began in a small way to manufacture and retail ice cream. The excellence of his product becoming generally known soon resulted in such a demand that, in 1902, he was finally compelled to give all his time to an enterprise which had originally been subordinate.

The Mansion House Ice Cream Company, which this year ceased to be a retail concern, is one of the most important wholesale ice cream companies in this part of the countrj'. The plant covers an area of 4,800 feet; the operating power is electricity, and the modem brine system of freezing is used. The maximum daily output is 1,500 gallons; thirty-one people are employed, and the delivery sendee consists of twelve wagons and two motor tmcks.

Mr. Sutton is an ardent advocate of pure food; furthermore, he has demonstrated that his theories are practicable. Not content mth merely living up to the regulations of the Board of Health, he has adopted a higher standard of his own. From the moment that the raw material leaves the dairy until the ice cream is delivered at the consumer's door, no precaution is neglected. The ice cream is made, not in a basement - as is often the case - but on the ground floor, where there is plenty of fresh air and sunshine. In an article on pure food, published in a recent issue of the Boston American, the Mansion House Ice Cream Company was mentioned as being among the firms which produce and distribute their goods under the most sanitary conditions.

On January 8, 1890, Mr. Sutton was married to Matilda J. Schlitter. They have two daughters - Esther V. and Alice M., the former at present a student at Radcliffe College.

Mr. Sutton is a Mason, being a member of Putnam Blue Lodge, Cambridge Royal Arch Chapter, Cambridge Commandery, Naphthali Council and Aleppo Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is also a member of New England Lodge, I.O.O.F., Cambridge Lodge, B.P.O.E., Lechmere Council, R.A., and the Cambridge Board of Trade. He is one of the Trustees of the East Cambridge Five Cent Savings Bank.

William Donnison Swan, M.D.

WILLIAM DONNISON SWAN, M.D. Swan, William Donnison, M.D., of Cambridge, was bom in Kennebunk, Me., January 1, 1859, son of Rev. Joshua A. Swan, Unitarian minister at Kennebunk for eighteen years, and Sarah, his wife, daughter of the Rev. Richard M. Hodges, Unitarian minister at Bridgewater, Mass. His mother's maternal grandfather, William Donnison, was an officer in the Revolution, and afterwards adjutant-general to Governor Hancock and judge of the Coiut of Common Pleas. He was fitted for college at the Cambridge High School; entered Harvard, and graduated in the class of 188L His professional training followed at the Harvard Medical School, from which he graduated M.D. in 1885. After two years of study in the hospitals of Boston and one year in Vienna and Frankforton-the-Main, he began practice in Cambridge in 1888. Three years later he was appointed medical examiner for the First District of Middlesex County (Cambridge, Belmont and Arlington) by Governor Brackett. He is now also visiting physician to the Cambridge Hospital and to the Avon Home of Cambridge. He is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and of the Massachusetts Medico- Legal Society. His club connections are with the Union Club of Boston, and the Oakley Club.

William Donnison Swan. M.D.

Dr. Swan was married April 30, 1890, to Miss Mary Winthrop Hubbard, daughter of Samuel Hubbard, of Oakland, Cal. They have two children: Marian Hubbard (born February 22, 1891) and WilHam Donnison Swan, Jr. (born October 9, 1894).

Benjamin Tilton

BENJAMIN TILTON TiLTON, Benjamin, son of Captain Benjamin Tilton, was bom in the State of Maine, August 25, 1805. He came to Boston in a sailing vessel in the year 1821 and there became a clerk in a dry goods store. He was married in 1828 to Lucinda, daughter of Ebenezer and Anna (Whiting) Newell, and granddaughter of Colonel Daniel Whiting (1732-1807), of Natick, Mass., an officer in the French and Indian War and in the Patriot Army during the American Revolution. Mr. Tilton and his wife lived first in Boston, then removed to Brookhne, and in 1837 made their permanent home in Cambridge. Besides being a director in the Cambridgeport Bank, he was instrumental in founding and organizing the Har\'ard Bank, in 1860, which became the First National Bank of Cambridge in 1864, which, in turn, became the Harvard Trust Company in 1904. Mr. Tilton was its president from its organization, March, 1864, to the time of his death in November, 1882. He was also president of the Cambridgeport Savings Bank, 1854-1882. Under his presidency the Har\'ard Bank, with its capital of $200,000, paid annual dividends of from six to twelve percent. He was also associated with large business interests in Boston, and was always ver>^ successful in his investments. He left three sons: Henry Newell, bom in Boston, May 18, 1829; died February 11, 1904, in Cambridge. He was a member of the of the Cambridge School Board for many years, director of the First National Bank of Cambridge and trustee of the Cambridgeport Savings Bank. (2) Benjamin RadcliS, was bom in Boston, August 22, 1831; died in January, 1892. He was a member of the Cambridge City Council, trustee and member of the investment committee of the Cambridgeport Savings Bank, the Cambridge Club, and was an active member of the Prospect Street Church. (3) Frederick William Tilton, was bom in Cambridge, May 14, 1839, was educated in the Cambridge Schools, and graduated from Harvard University, A.B., 1862, and received the degree of A.M., 1865. He took a postgraduate course in the University of Gottingen, Germany, 1863-1864. He returned to this country in 1864, and taught three years in the Highland Military Academy, Worcester, Mass., and in 1867 was elected superintendent of the public schools of Newport, R.I. He became principal of PhiUips Academy, Andover, Mass., in 1871; in 1873, he was appointed head master of Rogers High School, Newport, R.I., and held that position until 1890. He visited Europe, returned in 1894, and took up his residence in Cambridge, Mass., where he became a director in the Harvard Trust Company, and a trustee and a member of the investment committee of the Cambridgeport Sa\'ings Bank; he has served as \ace-president of the Bank since 1904. He was married July, 1864, to Ellen, daughter of John Howe and Adaline (Richardson) Trowbridge, granddaughter of John and Sally (Howe) Trowbridge, and of James and Elizabeth Richardson and a descendant from Chief -Justice Trowbridge of Cambridge Colony under George III. Mrs. Tilton died in Cambridge, Januarj' 5, 1910, being survived by her husband and four children, namely: William F. Tilton, born February 24, 1867, educated at Harvard and in Germany; has German degree Ph.D.; writer on historical subjects. Benjamin T. TUton, bom July 17, 1868; A.B. Hansard, 1890; M.D. Germany, 1893 ; surgeon in New York City. Ellen Maud, bom Febmar>' 29, 1872, now Mrs. Frederic Atherton, Boston. Newell Whiting Tilton, bom October 26, 1878, A.B. Har\'ard, 1900; of the firm Harding, TUton & Co., Boston, New York and Philadelphia.

Benjamin Vaughan

BENJAMIN VAUGHAN Vaughan, Benjamin, was the son of William Manning Vaughan and Anne Warren Vaughan, who was a great-niece of General Joseph Warren of Revolutionarj' fame. He was bom in Hallowell, Maine, the 3d of November, 1837, and died in Cambridge, Mass., on the 2d of July, 1912.

He was married on the 8th day of May, 1864, in Philadelphia, to Anna Harriet Goodwin, daughter of Rev. Daniel R. Goodwin, who was then Provost of the University of Pennsylvania and who had been President of Trinity College. He attended school at the old Hallowell Academy, which was quite a famous institution of learning in those days. He moved to Cambridge in 1857, and went into the office of Jerome G. Kidder in Boston, who was doing a commission business in oil and coal. He worked under Mr. Kidder and then in partnership with him, and finally established the Beacon Oil Company, of which he was president and the sole and active head. This Company became the Oil Company for New England, but in the eighties Mr. Vaughan sold it out to the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey. After this, Mr. Vaughan took no active part in any oil business, but still continued to do business as a coal commission merchant. He kept up this business until the 1st of January, 1912, when he retired, dissolving the partnership with Henry S. Mann, with whom he had been associated during the later years under the firm name of Vaughan & Mann. He, however, retained his office until the 1st of July, 1912, which was practically the date of his death. He thus was in business for over fifty-four years, and, at the date of his retirement, was the oldest coal commission merchant in Boston.

In 1863, Mr. Vaughan joined the "Home Guards" in Cambridge, and received a commission as 1st Lieutenant under Col. Charles F. Walcott in the 61st Massachusetts Regiment. He went to the Front, and was dangerously wounded at the battle of Petersburg in 1865; he was brevetted Captain, though his woimd prevented his seeing any more service at the Front.

Mr. Vaughan was interested in several Cambridge institutions. At the time of his death he was a director in the Cambridge Trust Company, and had been, since its formation and until a short time before he died, the treasurer of the Longfellow Memorial Association. He was one of the promoters in the estabHshment of the Cambridge Coffee House Association, which was organized and existed for a few years when the city first became no-license.

He was an Episcopalian and had been a constant worshipper at St. John's Memorial Chapel for more than forty years, and was the last survivor of the original group which organized the Association of the Congregation in January, 1871. He served for many years as Vice- Chairman and subsequently as Chairman of the Committee of this Association; and, in the words of the report from the present Committee of the Association, "his loss has removed a landmark in our history as a Congregation."

He was one of the originators and active in the management of the old Cambridge Dramatic Club, which, during the beginning of its existence, gave its plays in one of the buildings of the old State Arsenal, which was situated on Arsenal Square between Chauncey and FoUen Streets.

He found his chief recreation in out-of-door life, particularly in shooting and on the water, yachting or canoeing while camping in Maine. Of late years he regularly went for some weeks every winter to the South for shooting. Part of the summer he always spent in yachting along the Maine coast and part at Hallowell in the old homestead where he was bom and in which five generations of the family have lived.

Mr. Vaughan was a member of the Commercial and Union Clubs of Boston; the Brookline Countr}^ Club; the Eastern, Massachusetts and Portland Yacht Clubs; the Oakley Country Club; Colonial Club of Cambridge and several shooting clubs. He was, also, a member of a Dining Club in Cambridge composed of a dozen well-known Cambridge men. He was, however, not at all a clubman in the usual sense of the word, but spent most of his time with and for his family.

He was a support and an ad\'iser for many people and helped many, but always most unostentatiously, so that even members of his immediate family did not know until after his death how much he did for others. His quiet modesty and unselfishness were exceptional, and he was pre-eminently endowed with common sense and ability to diagnose and judge rightly intricate business problems and, also, public questions. In his later years, particularly, he followed the complications and evolutions in business and politics with close interest, and his sane judgment and wise conclusions impressed all who came in contact with him. Many men prominent in affairs at home and in the South - where reconstruction and the upbuilding of industries are still going on - with whom he talked or came in contact, were openly impressed by his broad and sound views and felt his influence. He was a valuable citizen who stood for the right and for conservative advancement, with a broad-minded view of affairs which made him of benefit to the community in which he lived.

Henry Pickering Walcott, M.D.

Walcott, Henry Pickering, physician, was bom at Salem, Mass., December 23, 1838, being the son of Samuel Baker and Martha (Pickman) Walcott. He graduated from Harvard in 1858, studied medicine at the Harvard Medical School and Bowdoin College, and received his degree of M.D. from the latter in 1861. He spent two years in Vienna and Beriin. From 1867 to 1881, he was engaged in the active practice of medicine in Cambridge. Since 1881, however, he has devoted his time to the State Board of Health, and has been chairman of it since 1886. Portions of the reports of that board have been written by him, and he is also the author of various reports upon the water supply and the drainage of Massachusetts. Dr. Walcott has been prominent in movements promoting public health. He is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, Massachusetts Historical Society, Massachusetts Horticultural Society, American Public Health Association, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Board of President and Fellows of Harvard University, and an honorary fellow of the Royal Sanitar>- Institute of Great Britain.

Robert Walcott

Walcott, Robert, is the son of Dr. Henry P. Walcott, LL.D., president of the Massachusetts General Hospital and of the Cambridge Hospital, chairman of the State Board of Health, and a member of the Ivletropolitan Water Board.

He is associated in the practice of law with Hon. Herbert Parker, formerly Attorney-General; James F. Jackson, ex-chairman of the Board of Railway Commissioners; and Lieutenant-Governor Frothingham, having offices at Barristers' Hall, Boston.

He graduated from Har\'ard College in 1895, and, after spending a ^^ear travelling in India and China, from the Har\^ard Law School in 1899.

He is a member of the Union Club, Tennis and Racquet Club, Oakley Country Club, and of the Cambridge Club; secretary of the Cambridge Boat Club; secretary of the Longfellow Memorial Association; director of the Cambridge Homes for Aged People; director of the Prospect Union; member of the corporation of the Cambridge Sa\'ings Bank, and president of the Cambridge Neighborhood House.

He was appointed, in 1904, by Governor Douglas, special justice of the Third District Court, which includes Cambridge, Belmont and Arlington.

Judge Walcott's recreations are swimming, canoeing, yachting and travel, he having accompanied Mr. WiUiam Brooks Cabot in his exploration of the Assawaban River district in Labrador, in 1904, and ha\'ing been a member

Walter C. Wardwell

WALTER C. WARDWELL Wardwell, Walter C, ex-Mayor of Cambridge, Mass., and a Deputy Sheriff of Middlesex County, was bom in Richmond, Va., January 27, 1859. His father, the late Bumham

Wardwell, was a native of Maine, went to Virginia previous to the Civil War, and, refusing to take the oath of allegiance to the Southern Confederacy, was pressed into service in 1861. With much peril he made his escape to the Union lines, and, joining the Northern army, served under General Butler at Fortress Monroe and Dutch Gap. He served upon the grand jury which indicted Jefferson Davis for high treason; and after the close of the war he was appointed by General Schofield warden of a penitentiary. Tlirough his efforts the whipping-post was banished from nearly every locality where it had previously been used, and his successful work in that field of philanthropy gained for him much distinction throughout the United States.

of Cambridge. He was employed for twelve years in the civil engineer's department of the city of Boston, and in 1893 was appointed Deputy Sheriff of Cambridge. He served in the Cambridge City Council in 1894 and 1895, and then as alderman for four years, the last two as president. He was mayor from January, 1907, to April, 1909, serving the extra three months on account of a change in the fiscal year.

In 1878 he enlisted in the Cambridge City Guard, Company B, Fifth Regiment, under Captain William A. Bancroft (now major general), and afterward served in Battery C, First Light Artillery, later being sergeant, major, adjutant and quartermaster of the First Battalion of Cavalry. He is at present president of the newly-formed Cambridge City Guard Veteran Corps.

Besides being connected with the Board of Trade and other institutions, Mr. Wardwell is prominent in Masonic circles. He is a past member of Mount Olivet Lodge, and is a member of Cambridge Chapter, and Cambridge Commandery, K.T. He is a past district deputy grand master in the " Blue Lodge."

Mr. Wardwell was married in Cambridge, in January, 1898, to the daughter of Austin Kingsley Jones, the old bell ringer at Harvard College. For many years the Wardwell home has been at 465 Broadway. There are two daughters. Misses Grace and Georgianna, and one son, Austin.

FISHER - WELLINGTON E George Fisher, eldest child of Jabez and Sarah (Livermore) Fisher, was bom in Cambridge, Febmary 15, 1820. He took the full course in the public and high schools of Cambridge, and a partial law course at Harvard University Law School, and was made a member of the Law School Association. He succeeded his father in the coal and wood business in 1845, and after carrying it on for several years sold it out and became a partner in the firm of Simmons & Fisher, organ builders in Charles Street, Boston. On March 30, 1859, he purchased the Cambridge Chronicle, and made the paper a profitable investment, and in 1859-1866 it had no competition in Cambridge. In 1873 he sold the newspaper plant to Linn Boyd Porter. In the Chronicle he advocated anti-slavery, temperance and Americanism as opposed to the "perilous encroachments" of the Roman Catholic church. He represented his district in the General Court in 1885. He founded the Cambridge Conservatory of Music in 1873, and with the assistance of his daughter and other instructors, taught music to large classes for several years. He was a well-known expert performer on the organ, and held positions at various times in the largest churches in Cambridge. He made a discriminating collection of music, both printed and in manuscript, and was one of the earliest members of the Handel and Haydn Society of Boston, and a member of the governing board. The large Cambridge chorus that attracted so much notice at the World's Peace Jubilee was organized and trained by Mr. Fisher. He was a friend and benefactor to Elias Howe in his struggle to introduce the sewing machine, and gave his financial aid at a time when Mr. Howe appeared to him hopelessly in debt, and while the application for a patent was pending he accompanied Mr. Howe to Washington, and they each wore a smt of clothes made upon the machine which was the patent office model. "He was married March 16, 1840, to Hannah Cordelia, third child of Samuel P. and Eunice S. Teele, who was bom in Charlestown, October 9, 1818, and died July 3, 1S94. She was a member of the Austin Street Unitarian church, Cambridge. George Fisher died in Cambridge, September 1 2, 1 898. Their children were : Sarah Cordelia, born 1841, married, November 29, 1887, to Colonel Austin C. Wellington. Caroline Louise, bom 1843, married Colonel Austin C. Wellington, as his first wife, June 30, 1869, and she died November 23, 1879. George, bom in 1845, died in 1846. Anna Josephine, bom in 1847; died in 1851. Harriet Ellen, bom in 1849; died in 1850. Lizzie Livemiore, bom in 1850; died in 1853. Eliza Bennett, bom in 1853; died in 1875. George, bom in 1855; died in 1860. George William, bom in 1858; died in 1876. George Fisher outlived all his children except Sarah Cordelia. He had no grandchildren. A scholarship in Harvard Law School has been contributed by his daughter in memoriam of George Fisher.

Sarah Cordelia (Fisher) Wellington, eldest child of George and Hannah Cordelia (Teele) Fisher, and the last surviving member of a large family, was bom in Cambridge, Mass., October 10, 1841. She was graduated at the Cambridge high school, attended Professor Louis Agassiz's school and received musical instruction in London, England, from Senor Randegger and Madam Rudersdorf, and while in Europe in 1876, attended the first performance of Wagner's " Niebelungenleid," at Bayreuth. She married her brotherin-law. Colonel Austin Clarke Wellington, November 29, 1887, eight years after the death of his first wife, CaroHne Louise (Fisher) Wellington. Colonel Wellington had no children b}^ either wife. He was a son of Jonas Clarke and Harriet Eliza (Bosworth) Wellington, and was bom in Lexington, July 17, 1840, where he attended school up to 1856, when his parents removed to Cambridge, and he became a bookkeeper in the establishment of S. G. Bowdlear & Company, of Boston, and left the firm in August, 1862, to enlist in Company F, Thirty-eighth Massachusetts Regiment, and accompanied the regiment to Baltimore, New Orleans, and on the Red River expedition under General N. P. Banks. In July, 1864, he was transferred to Washington, D.C., and was in the arm}^ of General Sheridan during the closing period of the Civil War. He was acting adjutant of his regiment, with the rank of lieutenant, and later was appointed adjutant. His battles were: Bisland, Siege of Port Hudson, Cane River Ford, Mansura in Louisiana, and with Sheridan in Opequan, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, Virginia. He was mustered out of the volunteer service, June 30, 1865. Upon returning to Massachusetts he engaged in the coal business, and formed the corporation of the Austin C. Wellington Coal Company, of which he was treasurer and manager, and this grew into one of the largest concerns in its time, in New England. He continued his interest in military affairs, and May 2, 1870, entered the Massachusetts State Militia as captain of the Boston Light Infantrj', known as the "Tigers," Company A, Seventh Regiment. He was elected major of the Fourth Battalion in 1873, and colonel of the First Regiment, Febmary 24, 1SS2. His patriotic spirit was kept alive by membership in the Grand Army of the RepubUc, his comradeship dating from 1867 in Post 15. In 1874, he was chosen commander of Post No. 30, which post he helped to organize, and of which he was a charter member. He became commander of Post No. 113, in 1887, holding the position at the time of his death. He was a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, and a trustee of the Soldier's Home at Chelsea. His business association was with the Boston Coal Exchange, of which he was chairman, and the Charles River Towing Company, of which he was president. He was president of the Boston Mercantile Library Association, and a member of the New England Club, Handel and Haydn Society, and Cecilia Society. His service to his state in a civic capacity was as a member of the General Court of Massachusetts, in 1875 and 1876. Colonel Wellington died at his home, 871 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, September 23, 1888. His widow, Mrs. Sarah Cordelia (Fisher) WeUington, siu-vived him. She was president of the Ladies' Aid Association, auxiliary to the Soldier's Home at Chelsea; a director of the Cambridge Conservatory of Music, founded by her father, and alHed with other philanthropic, religious and musical associations. Her musical talent was an inheritance from both her parents. She early sang in the choir in Cambridge and Boston. Her voice was heard for repeated seasons at Trinity Church, New Old South, Immanuel, and for nine seasons at the Park Street Church. She was a member of the Handel and Haydn Oratorio Society and of the Cecilia Society, and represented both societies at various times as soloist at their concerts in Music Hall, Boston. She was president of the Austin Street Unitarian Alliance, the largest in the United States, and of the South Middlesex Alliance, which met in Charming HaU, Boston. She was made a director of the National Alliance board; a member of the council of the Cantabrigia Club ; and vice-president; a member of the Woman Stiffrage League; of the Cambridge Shakespeare Club, and of the Browning Society, of Boston. She served as secretary and treasurer of the Rovindabout Club; as president of the

Wednesday Club, and as a director and vicepresident of the Young Women's Christian Association. She was made a life member of the New England Woman's Club, of the Woman's Educational and Industrial Union, and of the American Unitarian Association; an associate member of the Cambridge Conferences, and vice-president-at-large of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union; for several years president of the Daughters of Massachusetts. Her interest in the Cambridge Conservatory of Music on Lee Street, began in 1873, when with her father she founded the enterprise. She was a member of the faculty of Wellesley College and of the Tourjee Conservatory of Music in Boston. She sang by request in one of the Montreal cathedrals; appeared as accompanist with Camilla Urso, the celebrated violinist, and was always a willing volunteer on occasions for charity, given in opera, concerts, or at society functions. Her home in Cambridge became a mecca for musical enthusiasts visiting Boston, who had heard her in pubUc or learned of her work as teacher, through her pupils scattered over the entire United States, who had been fortimate in receiving her instruction and advice.

William Williamson Wellington

Wellington, William Williamson, was bom in West Cambridge, now known as Arlington, July 29, 1814. His parents were Timothy and Maria Eunice (Lord) Wellington, and he was educated at home under the personal instruction of his father; at the academy of John Anglers in Medford, and at Harvard University. He began the practice of medicine in 1838, and had continued it successfully up to the time of his death. Dr. Wellington was a member of several medical and scientific societies, among them being the Obstetrical Society of Boston and the Medical Improvement Society of Cambridge.

Dr. Wellington had always taken an active interest in educational matters, and was prominent in the social circles of his city. He served for forty years on the School Committee. He married, September 30, 1841, Lucy Elizabeth Carter, of Lancaster, and October 5, 1857, Martha Bond Carter, of Lancaster.

A History Of Cambridge, Massachusetts Henry Jackson Wells

HENRY JACKSON WELLS Wells, Henry Jackson, was bom in Charlestown, Mass., November 16, 1823, died November 24, 1912, son of Gideon Parker and Susannah (Wellington) Wells, and was educated in the public schools. Previous to the commencement of the study of his profession, he engaged in mercantile pursuits in Boston and vicinity, and in 1848 and 1849 he lived in New Orleans. Going to California in 1849, he at once found employinent as a clerk in the courts, and when the state government was established, was retained in that position for a number of years, during which time he studied law and was admitted to the bar. He practised his profession until 1863, when he was elected as judge of one of the courts of San Francisco. Pre\'ious to this he was a member of the board of education, president of the common council, and police commissioner. Through the trying times of President Lincoln's administration he held the position of chairman of the Republican committee of the city and county of San Francisco. Returning to Massachusetts in 1866, he resided in Arhngton, and served as a member of the school committee. He removed to Cambridge, in 1877, and since that time was engaged in the practice of law in Boston. He was a member of the House of Representatives in 1880, 1881, and 1882, and was in the State Senate in 1883 and 1885, establishing a reputation as a legislator, and an authority on parliamentary procedure. Mr. Wells had been active in political life, having been chairman of the Republican City Committee of Cambridge for a number of years, and a member of the state committee for eleven years, and for seven years of that time its treasurer. He was a member of the Massachusetts, Middlesex, and Cambridge Clubs and of the Society of California Pioneers of San Francisco, and president of the Society of California Pioneers of New England. Judge WeUs was married, in 1856, to Miss Maria Adelaide Goodnow, of Boston, Mass., daughter of Lyman and Rebecca D. Goodnow. Mrs. Wells died in 1904, but their five children sur- \nve: Harrison G. Wells, of Chicago; Mrs. A. W. Cross, who kept house for her father in Cambridge; Mrs. Mary W. Stickney, of Arlington; Mrs. Henrietta W. Liverpool, of New York; and Welhngton Wells, of Boston. As one of the California Pioneers of 1849, it was his privilege to have a part in laying the foundations of the State.

William Lambert Whitney William Lami

Whitney, and received his education in the Cambridge schools and at Bradford Academy, Bradford, Mass. Mr. Whitney was for many years active in mercantile pursuits but retired from business in 1850. He always lived in Cambridge, and always took a lively interest in the material and social well-being of the city. He was one of the original members of the first city council of Cambridge. At the semi-centennial celebration of our city in 1S96, Mr. Whitney was invited to take part in the celebration as the honored guest of his native city, but was obliged to decline, on account of feeble health and advanced years. He was treasurer of the Cambridge Savings Bank for several years, and director of the American Unitarian Association for about ten years, resigning in 1888.

Mr. Whitney was married, October IS, 1836, to Lucy A. Jones, of the city of Cambridge, and on July 28, 1840, to Rebecca R. Brackett, of Quincy, Mass. He died in Cambridge, May 29, 1900, being survived by Lucy A. Whitney, W^illiam L. Whitney, Jr., and Mrs. Julia A. Wright.

William Haskell Wood

WILLIAM HASKELL WOOD Wood, William Haskell, for a nvm:iber of years a leading lumber merchant of Cambridge, was bom in Hudson, Mass., January 18, 1847, a son of Alonzo Wood of that town. The family of which he was a representative has been established in Middlesex County more than two hundred years, the records of Concord showing that Jacob Wood, son of Michael, was bom there in 1662. Jacob's son Ephraim was the father of Peter Wood, a native of Concord, who settled in Marlboro. Jedediah Wood, son of Peter and Sybil (Howe) Wood, was born in Marlboro, May 16, 1777. His business was cloth-dressing; and he lived for twenty years at "The Mills," where he was one of the earliest settlers. He died in 1867. Jedediah Wood married, in 1801, Miss Betsey Wilkins, and had seven children, one of his sons being Colonel William H. Wood, and another Alonzo, the father of the above-named, who was bom in Hudson, Mass. Alonzo Wood devoted his energies to the limiber business. He married, and had three children: Frank J., EHza Ann and William Haskell.

William Haskell Wood spent his boyhood days in Hudson, attending school and working in his father's lumber mill. When he was about seventeen years of age he went to Boston, with the hope of improving his prospects; but an attack of illness caused him to return to Hudson within a year, and he remained in his native town until he was twenty. He then secured employment in Cambridge with Gale Dudley & Co. , and after five years he formed a partnership with George W. Gale, a son of his employer, and with him succeeded to the business. In 1881 they dissolved partnership, and Mr. Wood bought out Burrage Brothers, whose wharf, at the junction of Broadway, Third and Main Streets, was enlarged under his ownership. It now comprises the Fisk Wharf on Main Street and the Day and Collins Wharf adjoining. Mr. Wood was the senior member of the firm of Wood & Baker, who were owners of large lumber mills in Tennessee and North Carolina.

In September, 1874, Mr. Wood was united in marriage to Miss Anna M., daughter of Samuel and Lucy Dudley. They had five children, two of whom are now living.

Mr. Wood was well advanced in Masonry, belonging to Mizpah Lodge, F.&A.M.; Cambridge Arch Chapter; and Boston Commandery, Knights Templar. He was an attendant at the First Universalist Church.

James Adams Woolson

JAMES ADAMS WOOLSON WooLSON, James Adams, a leading citizen of Cambridge, was bom in Hopkinton, Middlesex County, Mass. He was the elder son of James Rix and Eda (Adams) Woolson. He was fitted for college at the Old Gates Academy, in Mariboro, of which the noted 0. W. Albee was the preceptor. Mr. Albee afterwards entered public life as a member for several years of the House of Representatives and the Senate. In consequence of circumstances entirely beyond his control, young Woolson was obliged to abandon entering Harvard University, as was his desire, and as had been the purpose and intention of his parents.

About this time, in 1846, his uncle, Hon. Lee Claflin, and his son, ex-govemor William Claflin, gave him a position as boy in their store in Boston. Not many years after this, Lee Claflin retired from active business altogether, devoting his time thereafter to the care of his large property, and to charitable, benevolent and philanthropic work. From that time, Mr. Woolson had been associated in business with ex-Governor Claflin as boy, clerk and partner for upwards of fifty years - which length of time is something very remarkable in these days of frequent changes. He was, at the time of his death, a stockholder in the corporation of H. Brigham & Gregory- Co. This company succeeded Y. Brigham & Co., and Gregory, Shaw & Co. The latter firm followed William Claflin, Cobum & Co. and William Claflin & Co., who were the direct successors of the original house established by Hon. George Claflin in 1815. Until a few years ago, the firms occupied the store built for them at 136 Summer Street, opposite South Street, Boston, which was the site of Daniel Webster's home. He was also one of the incorporators of the Suffolk Savings Bank, of Boston.

Mr. Woolson was a member of the firm of Loring, Tolmant Tripp, bankers, Boston, and their predecessors. He contributed generously in many ways in the time of the Civil War, was drafted, but could not pass examination, and sent a substitute in his place, in the meantime caring materially for his family while he was in the field, and afterwards. He was a member of the Eastern Yacht Club, Massachusetts,

Cambridge, Colonial and Union Clubs, and some fifteen or more other organizations, though not really regarding himself as a club man in the ordinary acceptation of that term. He was a director in the North Bank of Redemption, and previously in the Shoe and Leather Bank and the Revere. He was vice-president of the Boston Five Cent Savings Bank, a director of the First National Bank of Cambridge, and was identified with the Cambridgeport Savings Bank. He had steadily refused to accept offers of poHtical preferment, thinking he had not the time to attend to public duties properly, and always feeling that there were man}^ others of his fellow-citizens who were much better fitted for such positions than he was; as a matter of duty, however, he served in the city government.

Mr. Woolson, when a clerk, was librarian, director, treasurer, vice-president and president of the Old Mercantile Librarj^ Association, and gave cheerfully much good, solid hard work to help it obtain the influence and prosperity which it certainly enjoyed in an eminent degree throughout the city in its day. At the time he was president, 1853 and 1854, the association numbered two thousand five hundred of the merchants' clerks of the city of Boston. This was before the days of the public library, Young Men's Christian Association and Union, and when the merchants and their clerks lived in town, and not in the suburbs, as now. "The Old M.L.A." was a great power for good in those days, say between the years 1840 and 1860.

In 1859, Mr. Woolson was married to Miss Annie Williston Dickinson, of Boston. Her grandfather, John Williston, was an officer in the custom house under General Benjamin Lincoln, the first collector of the port of Boston, who was appointed by President George Washington. Mr. Williston died young, from the effects of a severe cold caused by exposure at the time of the Embargo. Her father was Daniel Dickinson, of Old Hadley, Mass., who was of the Dickinson family and ancestry of Amherst, Hadley and that vicinity. Her family on both sides took an active part in the Colonial Wars, the War of the Revolution, War of 1812, and in the War of the Rebellion; her only brother, Lieutenant Dickinson, gave his life for his country. His name is on the soldiers' monument on Cambridge Common. A number of Mr. Woolson's ancestors did duty in the Revolutionary War, and several of his relatives on both sides of the house gave their services, and some their lives, in the War of the Rebellion.

Mr. Woolson died at his home in Cambridge, at the age of seventy-four years, January 25, 1904, and is survived by a widow, and also by two daughters, Mrs. James L. Paine and Mrs. Byron S. Hurlburt.

Benjamin F. Wyeth

BENJAMIN F. WYETH Wyeth, Benjamin Franklin, was born in Cambridge, December, 1845; died, August 7, 1909, and had always lived here. His , ancestors settling in Cambridge in 1645. He attended the Cambridge schools, graduating from the old Washington Grammar School. For a number of years Mr. Wyeth was employed in the store of James H. Wyeth. In 1890, his father, Benjamin Francis Wyeth, died. He had established, in 1850, an undertaking business in Harvard Square, which is believed to be the oldest in the city today. Upon his death, the business was taken up by Mr. Wyeth, in company with his brother, Henry A. Wyeth, as Wyeth Bros. This continued until 1904, when his brother died. Mr. Wyeth then carried on the business alone for about a year, when his son, Benjamin F. Wyeth, Jr., became a member of the firm, and has continued same until the present time. He will hereafter carry on the business, assisted by his brother Henry D. Wyeth, at 33 Brattle Street, where the office has been located since it was moved from Harvard Square. Mr. Wyeth was well known in a two-fold capacity - as a Harvard Square business man and as sexton of the First Church, Congregational. His father was for thirtynine years the church sexton and upon his death, in 1890, Mr. Wyeth succeeded him in the position, holding it up to the time of his death. He was regarded as a fixture in this old, conservative church, and, when he talked of resigning, the church prevailed upon him to remain, and voted to give him an assistant.

Mr. Wyeth married in 1876, Caroline E., daughter of Joseph Bird, of Watertown, who survives him. His sons and daughter are: Marion B., Herbert F., Benjamin F., Jr., and Henry D. His three sisters all live in Cambridge: Mrs. L. F. West, Miss Zoa A. Wyeth, and Miss Alice A. Wyeth. His brother, John B. Wyeth, lives in Philadelphia.

Mr. Wyeth was a veteran of the Civil War, having served as a member of the Twelfth Unattached Company, M.V.M., and going into the service in place of his father, who was a member of the organization. This was a Cambridge company, raised by Dr. S. W. Driver and others. Mr. Wyeth was also a member of Harvard Council, Royal Arcanum. In previous years he had been a Mason and an Odd Fellow, but he had not kept up his membership in either order for some time. He was a member of the Massachusetts Undertakers' Association, and of the Massachusetts Social Club of Undertakers.

did consent, however, to serx^e as a member of the city government in 1860. During his term he gave evidence of having a thorough vmderstanding of public questions.

James Hicks Wyeth

JAMES HICKS WYETH Wyeth, James Hicks, merchant, was bom at Watertown, Mass., on the 24th of July, 1830, being the son of Jonas and EHzabeth N. (Flagg) Wyeth. The family moved to Cambridge, and the boy received his education in the public schools of this city. Immediately after leaving school he went to work.

About 1853 Mr. Wyeth, in partnership with Thomas Hayes, opened a grocery store on Boylston Street, Harvard Square. Afterwards quarters directly opposite were occupied. Here for many years the business was carried on by the firm of J. H. Wyeth and Company. The constantly increasing volume of trade led to the organizing of a corporation, the J. H. Wyeth Company. This has enabled Mr. Wyeth to leave the active management to others; but he shows that he still has an interest in the welfare of the concern, for he may be frequently found at his desk there.

By his marriage to Maria C. Warland, he has had three children: James D., who died in May, 1912; Elizabeth F. and Walter F. His home is in Cambridge.

John Palmer Wyman

JOHN PALMER WYMAN Wyman, John Palmer, lawyer, was bom at West Cambridge, now Arlington, Mass., March 7, 1852. He is the son of John P. Wyman, bom July 31, 1815, who died Jidy 1, 1891, and Margaret Richardson, bom January 26, 1823, who died August 29, 1911. The subject of this sketch was graduated from the Boston Latin School in June, 1870, being a Franklin Medal Scholar; from Harvard College, A.B., in 1874, and Harvard Law School, LL.B., in 1876.

still his home. Four children were bom of this marriage: Mary Squire, bom August 5, 1881, who is now the wife of Owen Eugene Pomeroy and lives in New York ; John Palmer, Jr., bom July 15, 1884; Samuel Edwin, 2d, bom Febmary 17, 1887, who died March 6, 1890; Margaret Gwendolen, bom June 20, 1898. The elder daughter, Mrs. Pomeroy, graduated from the Cambridge Latin School in 1900, and from

Radcliffe in 1903, with the degree of A.B., receiving that of A.M. in 1905. His son John attended the Cambridge Latin School, graduated in 1903, matriculated at Harvard, but left in the middle of his freshman year to engage in business.

Mr. Wyman himself on leaving college had not immediately begun the practice of law. Business and travel had occupied him largely up to the fall of 1880. In November of that year he was admitted to the Suffolk Bar. Since then he has been at 30 Court Street, Boston, wh'ere he has taken care of the interests of a large number of clients, quietly but efficiently.

His twin brother, Samuel Edwin, practised medicine in this city, and resided at the comer of Mount Auburn Street and Putnam Avenue. He married Annie Goodale Gooch. He died May 15, 1896, survived by his wife. He had no children.

Le Baron Russell Briggs

LE BARON RUSSELL BRIGGS Briggs, Le Baron Russell, educator, was bom at Salem, Mass., December 11, 1855. He graduated from Harvard in 1875, receiving his degree of A.M. in 1882. The honorary degree of LL.D. was given him by that institution in 1900, and by Western Reserve College in 1906. From 1885 to 1890 he was assistant professor, and since 1890 has been professor of English at Harvard. He was dean of the college from 1891 to 1902. He has been dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences since 1902, and Boylston professor of Rhetoric and Oratory since 1904. He was elected president of Radcliffe College in 1903, and still holds that office. He was married to Mary Frances De Quedville, September 5. 1883.

John J. Carty

Carty, John J., was bom in Cambridge, Mass., April 14, 1861. His early education was obtained in the schools of Cambridge. At the time he had about finished his preparatory studies for college he was obliged, on account of a serious trouble with his eye-sight, to abandon his school work indefinitely.

The telephone having just been invented and being one of the first to appreciate its possibilities, Mr. Carty entered the service of the Bell Telephone Company, for which concern he has been at work ever since, having to his credit more than thirty-two years of continuous service in its behalf.

His first work was at Boston, and while there he made a ntimber of contributions to the art of telephony which were of unusual value, and have since become a permanent part of the art.

Under his direction was installed the first multiple switchboard at Boston, which was at that time the largest ever put into use. For the "express" telephone system, peculiar to that city, he designed and installed a switchboard which was the first metallic circuit multiple board to go into service. The fundamental features of this board are at present in all the boards of today.

In 1887 Mr. Carty took charge of the cable department of the Western Electric Company in the East, with headquarters at New York. In this capacity he studied cable manufacture and laying, and introduced a number of improvements, having charge of all the important cable-laying projects which were carried on for some time in the East. One of his engineering developments resulted in cutting in half the -cost of cable manufacture. He then took charge of the switchboard department of the Western Electric Company for the East, and tmder his direction were installed most of the large switchboards of that period, among which was the original Cortland Street multiple board. During this time he made a number of important improvements in switchboards, which have since become standard practice.

He was the first to practically demonstrate how to operate two or more telephone circuits connected directly with a common battery, and about 1888 installed, for the supply of operators' telephones, common battery systems in a niunber of central offices. From these early experiments has grown the modern system now generally employed.