Cambridge City (part 9 of 12)

1856, and resides at 380 Broadway, Somerville, Mass. He is a member of the firms of N. E. Hollis&Co.; Sands, Furber& Co.; L.A.Johnson & Co.; and the J. H. Whiton Company; director of J. V. Fletcher Company; president of Hollis Cold Storage Company; president of Hinckley Rendering Company; director of the New England Dressed Meat & Wool ^Company; director of the Beacon Trust Company, Boston, and member of the executive committee; director and chairman of the investment committee of the Winter Hill Co-operative Bank; director of the Somerville Trust

Company; president of the Winchester Home for Aged Women; vice-president and member of investment committee of the Charlestown Five Cents Savings Bank; vice-president and member of the finance committee of the Mutual Protection Fire Insurance Company; one of the board of management of Hunt's Home for Orphan Children, Charlestown; trustee of the Somerville Home for the Aged; trustee and member of the finance committee of the Somerville hospital; member of the Boston Fruit & Produce Exchange and Chamber of Commerce; member of Faith and Soley lodges, A.F. and A.M., Charlestown Royal Arch chapter, and Coeur de Lion commandery, Knights Templar; a thirty-second degree Mason; member of Olive branch, I.O.O.F., of Charlestown, and the Central Club of Somerville, Mass.

William Watson Goodwin

WILLIAM WATSON GOODWIN Goodwin, William Watson, Ph.D., LL.D., D.L.C., for forty years Greek professor at Harvard University, up to 1901, and from that year professor emeritus, was bom in Concord, Mass., on May 9, 1831, the son of Hersey Bradford Goodwin and Lucretia Ann (Watson) Goodwin. He was graduated from Harvard in 1851 and later studied at the universities in Berlin, Gottingen and at Bonn. He was abroad till 1855. The next year he became a tutor in Greek at Harvard and continued as such until 1860, when he was appointed Eliot professor of Greek literature. This chair he filled for two-score years, giving up his active part in the department in 1901, while retaining his long and deep interest as professor emeritus. His knowledge of the classics was profound, as his industry was untiring.

He was only the fourth professor to hold the Eliot professorship, although the Eliot endowment was established by Samuel Eliot, the grandfather of President Eliot. It was held first by Edward Everett, who was succeeded by Professor Popkin. Professor Felton succeeded to the endowment in 1834.

Just previous to his retirement Professor Goodwin was guest of honor at a dinner given at Hotel Somerset by thirty of his colleagues, headed by Dr. Charles W. Eliot, then president

He received honorary degrees from Harvard, Columbia, Amherst, Yale and Chicago, as well as from Cambridge, Oxford, Gottingen and Edinburgh. He received from the King of Greece the decoration of Knight of the Cross of the Saviour.

William Watson Goodwin'

Professor Goodwin was a most active supporter of the American School of Classical Studies in Athens, and he was its first director, in 1882-1883. Twice he was president of the American Philological Society. He was also a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Archaeological Society and the Colonial Society. He was active in a nimiber of social organizations. Some of the other societies of which he was a member are the Hellenic, London; Philological of Cambridge, England; Archaeological Society and Academy of Science, Athens ; Hellenic, Constantinople ; and Imperial German Archaeological Institute, Berlin.

thenes on the Crown," published by the Cambridge (Eng.) University Press. He had not yet become recognized as one of the world's greatest Greek scholars when he published "The Greek Moods and Tenses," afterward considered as a standard work. Professor Goodwin was a generally accepted authority on Plato. He was also the author of a widely known work on Athenian law and of "Goodwin's Greek Grammar," known to every student in classical languages throughout the country.

Professor Goodwin died June 16, 1912, at his residence, 5 Follen Street, after an illness of about a month's duration. He was eighty-one years old, and succimibed to heart disease.

John Wilkes Hammond

1861. He began the practice of law in March, 1866, havang an office at East Cambridge. He continued to practice in Middlesex and adjoining counties until March 10, 1886, having in the meantime, from 1873 to 1886, been City Solicitor. He was elevated to the Superior Court Bench at that date. On September 7, 1898, he received his appointment to the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, of which he is still a Justice.

He enlisted September, 1862, in the Third Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers, and served nine months. He is a member of the Cambridge, Colonial and Union Clubs. He represented Cambridge in the General Coiirt in 1872 and 1873, and has also served terms on the Common Council and School Committee. He was married in August, 1866, to Clara E., only daughter of Professor Benjamin Tweed, the well-known educator.

worth) Hammond. He received his education in the schools of his native town, fitting for college at the Mattapoisett Academy, and graduating from Tufts College in the class of

Leander Moody Hannum

Hannum, Leander Moody, one of Cambridge's most prominent real estate and mortgage brokers, was bom in Northampton, Mass., December 22, 1837. He was the son of Alexander C. and Laura A. (MoodjO Hannum, and was educated in the public schools of Northampton and Chicopee, at Williston Seminary, Easthampton; and at the English and Classical Institute, Springfield. After he had finished at Williston, being seventeen years old, he went to California, where he spent two years in the mining fields, and upon his return, in 1856, resumed his studies at the Institute at Springfield, remaining there a year. He was employed for the next two years as salesman in the wholesale grocery house of J. W. Hale & Co., Springfield. Going to New York, he was employed as cashier and correspondent for Elias Howe, inventor of the Howe sewing machines, until 186-i, when he came to Cambridge, and soon became extensively engaged in the grocery and ice business, and later in real estate, which business he followed with gratifying success. Mr. Hannum served the city in various public capacities. He was first elected to office in 1873, as a member of the common council, where he served one year. In 1874 and 1S75 he was a member of the board of aldermen. In 1876 and 1877 he represented his city in the House of Representatives, serving as chairman of the committees on pubHc buildings and on street railways. In 1881 and 1882 he was a member of the Senate, and there served as chairman of the committees on prisons and on state house, and a member of the insurance committee. He also served for several

Lodge F. and A.M., and chairman of its board of trustees, past officer of the Cambridge Royal Arch Chapter, and member of the Boston Commandery; was an honorary member of several military organizations and G.A.R. Posts; of the Cambridge and Colonial Clubs, the Citizens' Trade Association, and of the Real Estate Association.

years as special commissioner for Middlesex County, and for twelve years as one of the water commissioners of Cambridge. For seven years he was chairman of the Republican city committee, and had been especially prominent in municipal politics, and was a member of the Library Hall Association. His church connections were with the Third Congregational (Unitarian) church, where he served many years as chairman of the parish committee. He was a member and past master of Amicable

1869, to Anne Howard Demain. Mrs. Hannum died in April, 1 909 . This was a great sorrow and, no doubt, hastened Mr. Hannum's death, which occurred, September 17, 1909. He is survived by one sister, Esther F. Hannum, who has for many years been a member of his household, Mr. Hannum was a true type of a self-made man. He was liberal both in his views and with his means; he was a man of high ideals, a wise counselor, a safe leader, a patriotic citizen, a good neighbor, and a loyal friend.

Dr. WILFRED ERNEST HARRIS Harris, Wilfred Ernest, physician, was born at Aylesford, Nova Scotia, September 3, 1873. His father, the late Major Thomas Rees Harris, merchant, mihtary man and for many years representative of King's County in the Nova Scotia legislature, was bom in 1837; and his mother, whose maiden name was Annie I. Famsworth, in 1846. His paternal ancestors came from Massachusetts and were among the original grantees that settled in the Township

Dr. Harris's early education was received in Nova Scotia, and he had the advantage of being instructed by private tutors as well. Foreseeing the important part that osteopathy would play in the art of healing, the young man decided to adopt it as his life work. He accordingly matriculated at the American School of Osteopathy, Kirksville, Missouri, where he pursued his studies under the foimder of Osteopathy, and from which he obtained his degree of Doctor in February, 1900. The post-graduate work that he did later in European hospitals supplied him with much valuable experience; so when he came to Cambridge, Massachusetts, a short time after, and began to practise, he was well prepared for his task.

It was his intention, however, to continue his researches, and hence the offer of the chair of therapeutics in the Massachusetts College of Osteopathy was accepted by him with that end in view. How highly his services to that institution are appreciated is shown by the fact that four years later, when the then president retired. Dr. Harris was unanimously chosen to succeed him and has held that position since, also retaining the chair of therapeutics. His ability as an executive was given national recognition when, at the convention of the American Osteopathic Association in 1907, he was elected president of the Associated Colleges of Osteopathy in America.

The Cambridge Osteopathic and Surgical Sanitarium, an important addition to the institutions of the city, was opened in 1903; Dr. Harris became resident physician, and subsequently was made its president. For the past six years he has been giving special attention to diseases of the stomach and intestines.

Though thus actively occupied with his professional duties, he has nevertheless found time to help propagate, by his lectures and writings, a clearer understanding of the aims of osteopathy. Much distinction has been won by him on account of his addresses on this subject to scientific and popular audiences, among which might be mentioned those at Bates College, Maine, the Boston Physiological Society, the Greater New York Osteopathic Society and the Canadian Club of Boston, etc.

His marriage took place in 1899, his wife being Miss Jean Cordelia Hammond Van Allen, a native of Morrisburg, Dundas County, Ontario. They have no children.

Dr. Harris is a member of the following professional organizations: the American Osteopathic Association; the Massachusetts Osteopathic Society; the Academy of Osteopathic Physicians; and the Associated Colleges of Osteopathy, of which he was president in 1907 and 1908. The religious and social bodies with which he is affiliated are the Episcopal Church, the British Charitable Society, the Canadian Club of Boston, the Intercolonial Club of Boston and the Independent Order of Foresters. He is also a member of the firm of Fred E. Harris and Company, importers and merchants, of Aylesford, Nova Scotia. He is a registered physician of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. His constdting office is at 483 Beacon Street, Boston, but his residence is in Cambridge.

John J. Higgins

JOHN J. HIGGINS The life of John J. Higgins, district attorney of the County of Middlesex, reads like the story of one of Horatio Alger's heroes. The story might be called "From Breaker Boy to Prosecuting Attorney," for that is just what Mr. Higgins' experience has been. Since early youth he has been compelled to fight his own way, and to his undying ambition to rise in life is due the fact that he is now one of the chief ofificials of Middlesex County rather than a poor miner in the pits of the Pennsylvania coal mines. Bom in the North End of Boston, May 17, 1865, of poor parents, he was moved from place to place with his parents, going at various times to Newark, Philadelphia, Savannah and to Scranton, where he worked as a breaker boy at the age of eight, receiving the munificent salary of seven dollars a month for his work. His mother died in 1874, when he was less than nine years old, and his father lost his life in the construction work of the Eads jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi River shortly after. At the age of ten the boy worked in afvimiture store in Boston for two dollars a week, and still later worked on a farm in Madbury, near Dover, N.H. Here he attended the district school until he had learned all it could teach him. Then with but fifty cents that he had borrowed in his pocket, he went to Exeter, where he attended Phillips Academy. He graduated from Exeter in 1887, and that fall entered Harvard Law School, doing chores for his tuition and board. He was admitted to the Suffolk bar just after the completion of his second year at Harvard, and on the completion of his course opened an office in Boston. In 1891 he removed to Somerville where he stUl lives.

In January, 1906, Mr. Higgins formed a law partnership with Albert A. Gleason with whom he is still associated. He was elected Alderman of Somerville, in 1902, and has also been a member of the legislature. In the fall of 1907 he was elected district attorney, which office he has since held. He has filled the office with dignity and honesty, and has tried, as government prosecuting officer, many of the most sensational cases in the history of the country.

Thomas Wentworth Higginson

THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON HiGGiNsoN, Thomas Wentworth, author, soldier, and reformer, was one of the men to whom Cambridge will always point with pride. He is the son of Stephen and Louisa (Storrow) Higginson, and was bom in this city, December 22, 1823. His preparatory education was received at the private school of William Wells. He was graduated from Harvard College in 1841, and from the University Divinity School in 1847, when he was ordained as pastor of the First Congregational Society in Newburyport. He left this church on account of antislavery preaching in 1850, and the same year ran as a Free-Soil candidate for Congress. He was pastor of a free church in Worcester from 1852 to 1858, when he left the ministry, and devoted himself to literature. With Theodore Parker and Wendell Phillips he was indicted for murder for his connection with the attempted rescue of Anthony Bums, and was very prominent in all the exciting scenes of the troublous times just preceding the Civil War. He was a captain in the Fifty-first Massachusetts Regiment, and afterwards colonel of the First South Carolina Volunteers (later known as the Thirty-third United States Troops), the first regiment of freed slaves enlisted in the National Army. He took and held Jacksonville, Fla., but was wounded in South Carolina, in August, 18(33, and in October, 1864, resigned, on account of disability. His subsequent life was devoted almost entirely to literary pursuits. He resided in Newport from the time of his withdrawal from service until 1878.

Colonel Higginson was a member of the Massachusetts House of 1880 and 1881, serving as aide-de-camp to Governor J. D. Long during this time. From 1881 to 1883^ he was a member of the state board of education, and was state military and naval historian. He was also a trustee of the Cambridge public library.

Colonel Higginson was an earnest advocate of woman suffrage, and a prominent contributor to the literature of the cause. He was also a frequent contributor to the leading American periodicals, and had written numerous histories and biographies. He was also prominent as a translator from the French, German and Italian, and was a popular lecturer. He married, September 16, 1847, Mary Elizabeth Channing, of Boston, and February 6, 1879, Mary Pattee Thatcher, of West Newton.

Oliver Wendell Holmes

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, was bom in Cambridge, Middlesex County, August 29, 1809. He was the son of Rev. Abiel Holmes, D.D., and Sarah (Wendell) Holmes. His father was a native of W^oodstock, Conn., a graduate of Yale in the Class of 1783, and pastor of the First Congregational Church, Cambridge, 1792 to 1832. His mother was the daughter of the Hon. Oliver Wendell of Boston, a graduate of Harvard, and the son of Hon. Jacob Wendell, an eminent Boston merchant.

Dr. Holmes obtained his preparatory education under the tuition of various instmctors, during the year 1824-1825 at Phillips Academy, Andover, and matrictilated at Harvard, graduating therefrom in the famous class of 1829.

After graduation he devoted a year to the study of law, but not finding it quite congenial to his tastes, abandoned it for that of medicine. In 1833 he visited Europe, pre-vious to which he had chosen the medicinal profession, and for two years and six months had studied with Dr. James Jackson and his associates. While in Europe he attended L'Ecole de Medicine, Paris, and spent between two and three years in attendance on the hospitals in Europe. In 1835 he returned to Boston, rejoined the medical school of Harvard University, and in 1836 received his degree of M.D. In 1838 he became professor of anatomy and physiology in Dartmouth College, and on the resignation of Dr. John C. Warren in 1847, was elected his successor to the chair of anatomy in the medical department of Harvard University.

In 1849 he retired from general practice, and although holding his professorship, he devoted himself now more especially to the pursuit of letters. He was professionally distinguished as an acctirate anatomist and skillful microscopist and auscultator.

But the widest fame of Oliver Wendell Holmes was as a poet, wit, and man of letters. From boyhood the Muse had been his constant attendant, and while the sun of prosperity wooed him to enjoy the genius of his life, the love of the beautiful led him on to accomplish. Many of his most charming effusions have never been embalmed, save in the memory of his friends; but his best-known works are : "Terpsichore," "Urania," "Astrasa," "Autocrat of the Breakfast Table," "Professor at the Breakfast Table," "Elsie Venner," "The Guardian Angel," "Songs of Many Seasons," "Memoirs of John L. Motley, Ralph Waldo Emerson," etc. He was married June 15, 1840, to Amelia Lee, daughter of Hon. Charles Jackson, of Boston. Of this union were bom three children : Oliver Wendell, Jr., associate justice of the United States Supreme Court ; Amelia Jackson, widow of the late Turner Sargent ; and Edward Jackson Holmes. Dr. Holmes died October 7, 1894.

John Hopewell

JOHN HOPEWELL Hopewell, John, is a notable example of Yankee push and industry. Bom in Greenfield, Febraary 2, 1845, the son of John and Catherine Hopewell, his early education was obtained in the public schools at Shelbume Falls, whither his parents moved when he was but a year old. He attended school until he was fourteen, and then entered the cutlery establishment of Lamson, Goodwin & Co., to learn the trade. During a part of this time he attended night school, and subsequently studied some time in a private academy. In 1861, he went to Springfield, and was employed in the armory there during the war, being dropped at its close in accordance with the order dis- charging all single men. While at the armory he attended night school and learned bookkeeping, afterwards securing a position as accountant, which he soon relinquished, however, for more active pursuits. For a while he carried on a publishing business in Albany, N.Y. He then engaged in the sale of the products of L. C. Chase & Co., manufacturers of plushes, robes, blankets, etc., on the road, and afterwards located in Boston as their representative. The business of the concern increased rapidly, and in 1888 Mr. Hopewell succeeded the Chases, becoming the head of the firm, L. C. Chase & Co., and treasurer of the Sanford Mills. Though always taking an active part in public affairs, Mr. Hopewell was not politically active until 1S87. In 1889 he was elected president of the Cambridge Republican Club, which office he held till he went abroad, in 1892. In 1891 he was elected to the State Legislature, but was obliged to decline re-election, and also strong solicitation for the use of his name as candidate for Congress, on account of ill health. He is a strong Protectionist, and was a director of the Home Market Club a number of years; and of numerous corporations. Mr. Hopewell, is also largely engaged in the raising of Guernsey cattle on the Maple Ranch stock farm, at Natick. He was a director of the Boston Merchants Association in 1892, and is a member of the Colonial, Cambridge, and the Boston Art Club.

Henry Oscar Houghton

HENRY OSCAR HOUGHTON Houghton, Henry Oscar, was bom in Sutton, Vt., April 30, 1823, being the son of "William and Morilla (Clay) Houghton. His ancestors were among the early New England colonists, the Houghtons first coming to this countr}' in 1630, settling in Lancaster. When he was about ten years of age his parents moved to Bradford, on the Connecticut River, and after a few terms at the local academy, he became apprentice in the office of the Burlington Free Press. He afterwards worked at the printer's trade in Nunda, N.Y. Ambitious for an education, young Houghton devoted his evenings and spare moments to study, and at the age of nineteen entered the University of Vermont. After graduating in 1846, he came to Boston and worked at proof reading and reporting on the Traveller for about two years. He first began business as a master printer in 1849, when with Mr. BoUes, of the firm of Freeman & Bolles, he established an office on Remington Street. In 1864, Mr. Houghton entered the publishing business, forming a partnership with Melancthon M. Hurd, of New York, under the name of Hurd & Houghton. The firm existed under the same name until 1878, when it was succeeded by that of Houghton, Osgood & Co., which came into possession of privileges covering the works of Longfellow, Lowell, Emerson, Hawthorne, Holmes and other prominent American writers, collected during a long period by other firms. Mr. Osgood retired in 1880, and was succeeded by Lawson Valentine, of New York. The house then took its present name, Mr. MifHin having been admitted to partnership in 1872. His election to the office of mayor, in 1872, gave evidence of the esteem in which he was held by his fellow townsmen. Mr. Houghton's death occurred August 25, 1895.

George H. Howard

GEORGE H. HOWARD The surname "Howard" originated in England during the thirteenth century and was derived from Hayward, Harward and Hereward. The first to adopt the present form of spelling was, undoubtedly, William Howard, a learned and honored jurist in the reign of Edward I. That monarch married for his second consort Margaret, daughter of Philip the Hardy of France, and his eldest son by this marriage was Thomas Plantagenet, sumamed De Brotherton. The latter's great-granddaughter, Margaret, who was the eldest daughter of Thomas De Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, became the wife of Sir Robert Howard, a descendant of William Howard, the jurist, just mentioned. Howard was the family name of several dukes of Norfolk. The Howards oi America, in common with those of the mother country, are the posterity of William the Jurist. The Howard family now being considered is thought to be the progeny of Robert and Mary Howard, who came from England and were early settlers in Dorchester, Mass., where Robert was made a freeman in 1635. Their children were Jonathan, Robert, Hannah, Jeremiah, Bethia, Mary Temperance and perhaps others. Robert (2) Howard, second son and child of Robert and Mary Howard, was admitted a freeman in Boston in 1683. By his wife Elizabeth he had Sarah, Robert and Samuel. Thomas Howard, probably a grandson of Robert and Elizabeth Howard, resided in Boston. He was the father of Thomas Benjamin, Joseph and Mary. Joseph married and reared two children, Joseph and

Mary. Thomas (2) Howard, eldest son of Thomas, was^bom in 1749, probably in Boston. He settled in Hingham, Mass., where he followed thejtrade of cooper, and his death occurred^there, August 29, 1S29, at the age of seventy-nine years. He was married in Hingham, November 14, 1776, to Sarah Mansfield, bom in that" town October 9, 1734, daughter

Sarah, Thomas, Benjamin, Molly, Ned (who died in infancy), another Ned, Waters (died at the age of one year), Charles, Edward and a second Waters. Thomas (3) Howard, second child and eldest son of Thomas and Sarah (Mansfield) Howard, was bom in Hingham, Mass., September 30, 1779. On January 7, 1807 he married Hannah Wilder, and in 1810 he of Joseph and Sarah (Waters) Mansfield, and died August 19, 1817. She was a descendant in the fifth generation of John and Elizabeth (Famsworth) Mansfield, the former of whom was made a freeman at Hingham, in 1684, and his wife was of Dorchester. The line of descent from John and Elizabeth is through John (2), Joseph (3), and Joseph (4). The children of Thomas and Sarah (Mansfield) Howard were removed to a farm in Ashbumham, Mass., residing there for the rest of his life, which terminated November 3, 1861. His wife, who died November 14, 1870, was a daughter of Samuel and Hannah (Lasell) Wilder, and a descendant in the sixth generation through Samuel (4), Thomas (3), and Isaac (2) of Edward Wilder, the emigrant ancestor of all of that name who have resided in Hingham.

The latter was granted land in Hingham in 1637, and admitted a freeman in 1644. Mrs. Hannah Howard was the mother of seven children, Hannah, Thomas, Samuel W., Lewis, George H., Mar>' W. and Lucy M. Thomas (4) Howard, second child and eldest son of Thomas and Hannah (Wilder) Howard, was bom in Hingham, October 28, 1809. When a young man he settled in East Cambridge, where he was a dealer in coal, and later worked in the New England Glass Works. He died November 17, 1850. December 3, 1835 he married Hannah Elizabeth, daughter of Joel S. Wright, who was at one time town clerk of Acton, Mass., and his maternal grandfather was Captain David Brown, who commanded a company of minute men at the North Bridge, Concord, April 19, 1775. Thomas and Hannah E. (Wright) Howard were the parents of three sons: Frank Edson, bom March 12, 1837 (died January 14, 1863), George H., who will he again referred to, and Thomas Melville, bom November 26, 1844. The latter, who married Mary Elizabeth Mattell, died in Somerville, October 12, 1900. George Henry Howard, second son of Thomas and Hannah E. (Wright) Howard, was bom in East Cambridge, November 13, 1838. He attended school in Pepperell and Cambridge, and at the conclusion of his studies he found employment at the New England Glass Works in East Cambridge.

In April, 1861, he enlisted for service in the Civil War, in a companj^ raised in Cambridge, which was assigned to the Sixteenth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, as Company A, and proceeding to the front joined the forces under the command of General Wool. In the fall of 1861 he was promoted to the first-lieutenancy of Company C, of Groton, which was ordered to Baltimore for the purpose of protecting troops passing through the city; and his regiment subsequently joined the command of General McClellan at Fortress Monroe, where he witnessed the famous action between the Merrimac and the Monitor. He afterwards served in the Army of the Potomac, participating in the battle of Seven Pines and several other important engagements, including the second battle of Bull Run.

also serving his country in the Army, he was obliged to resign his commission in order to care for his family, and he reluctantly withdrew from the service for that purpose.

Accepting a position at the Portland (Me.) Glass Works, he had charge of the mould department there for four years, at the expiration of which time he resigned in order to accept a more lucrative position that had been offered to him by the management of the newly established glass works in Montreal, Province of Quebec, and he remained in that city some eighteen months. Returning to Cambridge he pursued a special course at Bryant and Stratton's Business College, at the conclusion of which he accepted an appointment as a constable on the state police force under Major Jones, and retained it until 1871. In the latter year he entered as a bookkeeper the employ of W. L. Lockhart, manufacturer of and wholesale dealer in undertakers' supplies, and was admitted to partnership in 1893, and is still engaged in that business.

In politics Mr. Howard is a Republican, and during the past thirty-eight years has frequently been elected to public office. For the years 1873, 1874, 1881, 1882, 1883 and 1884, he served in the Cambridge common council, being president of that body for three years; was a member of the board of aldermen in 1875 and 1876; was appointed one of the sinking fund commissioners in 1887, and a member of the water board in 1888, retaining both of these important trusts for a number of years.

He was trustee and is now vice-president of the Wildley Savings Bank and was formerly a director of the East Cambridge Savings Bank. He was made a Master Mason in Portland, Lodge No. 1, from which he was demitted to Putnam Lodge, Cambridge, entered the chapter of Roj'al Arch Masons in 1882, and is a charter member of Cambridge Commandery, Knights Templar. He is also affiliated with New England Lodge, I.O.O.F., and P. Steams Davis, Post 57, G.A.R., the Knights of Honor and the Knights and Ladies of Honor; is one of the original members of the New England Order of Protection, in which he has occupied all of the important chairs; is a comrade of Post No. 57, G.A.R., of which he served as

For twenty-five consecutive years prior to 1896 he was superintendent of the Sunday school connected with the Second Baptist church, and was at one time a director of the Young Men's Christian Association. April 28, 1861, Mr. Howard married Miss Charlotte Bruce Wickens, who was bom in Shelbum, N.S., June 23, 1840, daughter of Joseph and Isabella Wickens. Of this union there are two daughters, Lottie Evangeline, bom March 14, 1862, and Lillie Belle, bom March 10, 1865. Lillie Belle is now the wife of Hubert W. Pierce, of Newton, Mass., and their children areEarle Howard, bom February 3, 1888, and Ruth Evangeline, bom January 2, 1898. Earle Howard Pierce graduated from Dartmouth in 1910, and took the Thayer course in 1911.

Archibald Murray Howe

ARCHIBALD MURRAY HOWE Howe, Archibald Murray, eldest son of James M. and Harriet B. (Clarke) Howe, was bom in Northampton, Mass., May 20, 1848. He acquired his early education in the public schools of Brookline, including the High School, and from the latter entered Harvard University, taking his bachelor's degree with the Class of 1869. Among his classmates were Frank D. Millet, Francis G. Peabody and Henry Marion Howe, son of Dr. Samuel G. and Julia Ward Howe, and now professor of metallurgy at Colimibia University. Having pursued the regular course at the Harvard Law School and obtained the necessary practical experience in the office of George S. Hillard, he was admitted to practice in the covuts of Massachusetts, in June, 1872. Possessing a taste and capacity for political life and being desirous of obtaining a practical knowledge of the scheme of federal government, he accepted the position of private secretary to the Hon. Henry L. Pierce, and retained it dtuing the sessions of the Fortythird Congress, residing at the national Capital for a period of eleven months. In 1875 he became associated in the practice of law with Henry F. Buswell and Charles H. Walcott, and 'has ever since been actively connected with the legal profession of Boston and Cambridge, in which latter city he has resided for many years. Although well versed in the general practice of law, he devotes his attention chiefly to the administration of estates and the care of trust fimds, and in this special field of usefulness he has been eminently successful.

Mr. Howe is widely and favorably known, both for his fine legal attainments and his numerous commendable personal characteristics, prominent among which is his patriotism and impHcit faith in the integrity and justice of our state and national political institutions, and on more than one occasion he has forcibly demonstrated the wisdom of his advanced views relative to their improvement. In politics he acts independently and takes a lively interest in all important issues - municipal, state and national. In 1877 he served in the Cambridge Council, was in 1890 chosen representative tO' the legislature on a combined Democratic and Independent ticket, and in various other ways has rendered valuable pubHc services, being an earnest advocate of civil service reform. In his religious behef he is a Unitarian, being a member of the First Parish Church, Cambridge, and a life member of the American Unitarian Association. He is also a member of the St. Botolph Club, Boston, and was vice-president of the Massachusetts Reform Club.

On June 4, 1881, Mr. Howe was united in marriage with Arria Sargent Dixwell, daughter of Eps Sargent and Mary IngersoU (Bowditch) Dixwell, of Cambridge.

Theodore C. Hurd

THEODORE C. HURD HuRD, Theodore C, well known to the public as Clerk of the Middlesex County Courts, having held this office since 1872, was bom in Newton, January 19, 1837, and was the son of Sarah B. and William Hurd. He received his education at Framingham Academy and Union College, and later graduated from the Harvard Law School. He was admitted to the Middlesex Bar in 1860, and served as district attorney for six years. He was a lieutenant in the Forty-fifth Massachusetts Regiment, and acted as judge advocate for the department of North CaroUna. He was a member of the Loyal Legion and the G.A.R., and a prominent member of several social clubs. He was a representative to the General Court in 1867, 1869, 1870 and 1871, serving on important committees, and was a member of the aldermanic board of 1873. Few men have a larger circle of friends than Mr. Hurd, and his abilitj- and courtesy in filling his official position have met with merited recDgnition.

Theodore C. Hurd was married twice. His first marriage, to Mary Elizabeth Piatt, took placo at Newark, Del., May 1, 1862. By this marriage he had four children: George Piatt, born May 9, 1863; Kate Gemmill, born December 23, 1864; Sarah Hooker, bom July 8, 1866; Jenny Lindsay, bom October 13, 1867. He was married to his second wife, Alice May Howard, at Watertown, September 23, 1879. The children bom of this marriage are: Roger Howard (April 13, 1881), WiUiam Minot (February 2, 1883), and Theodore Chester (Febmary 25, 1885).

Cotmty, was born in Cambridge, April 13, 1881, being a son of Theodore Hurd. The family moved to Winchester in 1888, and Roger Hurd attended the public schools there. He left the High School in 1898 and entered the Boston Art School that fall.

Since the summer of 1899 he has been employed in the office of the Clerk of Coiurts. He was appointed Fourth Assistant Clerk, March 27, 1903, and Second Assistant, January 5, 1912.

Edwin Henry Jose

EDWIN HENRY JOSE Jose, Edwin Henry, bom in Hollis, Me., April 27, 1847, is a son of Benjamin Berry and Harriet Jose. He received his preliminary education in the schools of his native town, Biddeford High School, Limerick Academy, and Waterville Classical Institute. He graduated from the Harvard Law School in 1873 with the degree of Bachelor of Law, and began the practice of law in Cambridge in November of that year. In the course of his professional duties he has ser\'ed as counsel for various large corporations. Mr. Jose has lived in Cambridge since beginning to practice in 1873. He married, in 1867, Emma E. Parlin.

Roger H. Hurd Stillman Francis Kelley

STILLMAN FRANCIS KELLEY Kelley, Stillman Francis, has had a career which is one of the notable examples of the success so frequently achieved by Cape Cod boys in mercantile life. He was bom at East Dennis, Mass., Febmary 28, 1851. His parents were Stillman and Olive (Howes) Kelley; his father was bom in Harwich, Mass., February 16, 1816, and his mother in East Dennis, Mass. His early education was received in the schools of his native town, and later he prepared himself for business in the Boston schools. He was formerly a member of the firm of Stillman F. Kelley & Co. This firm did the largest business in the importation and jobbing of sugar and molasses in the country.

Mr. Kelley is a director in several important companies and corporations, and for several years had an active interest in the management of the Faneuil Hall National Bank.

As a member of the Cambridge Water Board he has excellently served the city, devoting much time and energy to the important undertakings of that body. On October 13, 1875, he married Chloe C. Sears, bom in East Dennis, daughter of Nathan and Sarah C. Sears, both of whom were bom and always Hved in East Dennis. Two children were bom of this marriage: StUlman Randolph KeUey, bom December 17, 1878, who died May 24, 1911; and Edmund Sears KeUey, bom December 16, 1886.

Edward Kendall

EDWARD KENDALL Kendall, Edward, was bom in Holden, Mass., December 3, 1821, being the son of Caleb and Dolly (Sawyer) Kendall. His boyhood was spent on his father's farm (in farm work) and study in the village school. When he became of age he made his first business venture, embarking in the lumber trade. In 1847, removing to Boston, he became an apprentice in the West Boston Machine Shop. Here he made rapid progress, being transferred to the boiler department after nine months' service, and soon after becoming superintendent of that department, which position he held for eleven years. In 1860 he entered business on his own account, establishing the firm of Kendall & Davis, at Cambridgeport, and giving special attention to the making of boilers. In 1865 the firm name was changed to Kendall & Roberts, and subsequently, upon the admission of Mr. Kendall's sons, it became Edward Kendall & Sons. During his long and successful career Mr. Kendall has made numerous improvements and inventions in boiler manufacture, and has become widely known in his trade. He has been a life-long advocate of temperance, and few men have been more devoted to the cause. In 1886 he was the Prohibition candidate for Congress from the Fifth District, and was candidate for governor on that ticket in 1893. He has been a director of the Massachusetts Temperance Alliance since 1888, and was for two years president of the Cambridge Temperance Reform Association. He has always taken a deep interest in city affairs, having served his city in the General Courts of 1875 and 1876, and in the board of aldermen in 1871, 1872, 1873. He was one of the founders, and is senior deacon, of the Pilgrim Congregational church, and is prominent in the work of the denomination. Since

1890 he has been a director of the Cambridgeport National Bank. Mr. Kendall is a member of the Congregational Club, of Boston, and the Cambridge Club. He married, December 16, 1847, Miss Reliance Crocker, of Paxton, Mass.

Chester Ward Kingsley

CHESTER WARD KINGSLEY KiNGSLEY, Chester Ward, was bom and educated in Brighton, Mass., now a part of Boston. He passed the greater part of his life in Cambridge, and in all schemes for the city's good he was found in the fore. Bom June 9, 1824, the son of Moses and Mary (Montague) Kingsley, he was left fatherless at the age of four years, and thrown upon his own resources at the age of ten. For the next five years he worked in the then wilds of Michigan. Returning to Brighton, he resumed his studies, and graduated from the high school. He soon found a place as messenger in the old Brighton Bank, and was successively made clerk and teller, and in 1851, he became cashier of the Cambridge Market Bank, which position he held for five years. In 1856 he entered the wholesale provision business, and was very prosperous. Retiring in 1865, he became treasurer of an anthracite coal-mining company.

foresight as president of the board that inaugurated the present magnificent water system of the city caused him to be known as the "Father of the Cambridge Water Works."

Politically, he has been a life-long Republican Prohibitionist. He was a trustee of the Newton Theological Institute, Colby University, and Worcester Academy. He was president of the American Baptist Society, and of the Massa-

Chester Ward Kixgsley

He was for eight years president of the Brighton National Bank, the successor of the old bank where he had begun his career. Mr. Kingsley served his city in the board of aldermen and school board; also in the House of Representatives in 1882, 1883, 1884, and in the Senate in 1888 and 1889. He was for thirty years a member of the water board, and for a number of years president of that body. His zeal and chusetts Baptist Convention, and] he was for some years one of the executive committee of the American Baptist Missionary Union, and president of the Boston Baptist Social Union. He was a member of the Cambridge, Colonial and Massachusetts Clubs.

28, 1904. Mr. Kingsley passed away just five days after the death of his wife, January 1, 1904. They had seven children, but only one, Mrs. Ella J. Bacon, widow of CHnton Bacon, survives.

Mr. Kingsley was truly a noble and a good man. His interest was always keen in all good causes, and not a few educational and religious institutions felt, while he lived, the quickening impulse of his great liberality. Endowed with rare gifts as a business man, he amassed a large property, but always felt the duty of using it, to as great an extent as possible, for the good of his fellowmen. This trait was marked in his life, and he will long be remembered for it. Mr. Kingsley's service to the city of Cambridge, which he loved, was as great as it was unselfish.

City and suburbs quartering their horses and fine carriages here, certain that they will secure the best possible attention. In keeping pace with modem changes and conditions, Mr. Lake not long ago installed a service of toiuing cars and auto cabs, which today is one of the appreciated features of the social and business life of Cambridge. Of course, Mr. Lake also maintains the same high standard in his carriage

Charles H. Lake

CHARLES H. LAKE Lake, Charles H., is perhaps one of the best-known business men and citizens of Cambridge. Notwithstanding his activities in the business world, he has found time to devote to the service of both country and city. He is a member of the First Regiment Veteran Association, and at one time served in the state militia, retiring with the rank of captain. He stands high in Masonic circles, and is a Mystic Shriner. During his thirty years' residence in Cambridge he has been several times elected to the Common Council and the Board of Aldermen, serving most acceptably in both branches of the City Government. He was in the Council two years and in the Board of Aldermen three years. He was president of the Board the last two years, where he performed the duties of the office most efficiently. In social circles Mr. Lake is also well known, being an active supporter of the Newtowne club, where he is on one of the bowling teams. In addition he takes a most active interest in the Harvard Square Business Men's Association and the Citizens' Trade Association.

Mr. Lake is treasurer and manager of the Cambridge Coach Co., which was incorporated in 1902, being originally established in 1835, by Royal Simpson. Its headquarters are at 35 and 38 Church Street. The Company has for many years enjoyed a most select boarding patronage, horse owners from all parts of the and coach service. Carriages or touring cars, of large or small seating capacity, may be hired at any hour of the day or night at most reasonable rates. Furthermore, the concern's corps of drivers and chauffeurs are the most gentlemanly, careful and thoroughly experienced of any to be procured. They are familiar with all parts of the country which they are likely to cover. Vehicles may be rented for balls, parties, weddings, for shopping, for funerals, or for pleasure driving, and a prompt and efficient service is assured.

Erasmus Darwin Leavitt

Leavitt, was bom in Lowell, Mass., October 27, 1836. He was educated in the Lowell public schools and entered the machine shop of the Lowell Manufacturing Company in April, 1852, where he served three years as an apprentice, at the close of which time he worked under instruction for a year at the works of Corliss & Nightingale, Providence, R.I., the birthplace of the Corliss engine. From 1856 to 1858 he was engaged in developing some inventions in steam engineering, for which a patent had been granted to him in 1855. In 1858 and 1859 he was assistant foreman at the City Point Works, South Boston, and had charge of building the engines for the flagship Hartford. From 1859 to 1861 he was chief draughtsman for Thurston, Gardner & Company, of Providence, R.I., leaving there to enter the United States navy in the summer of 1861 as third assistant engineer. He served through the war of the rebellion, and during his term of service was detailed to the Naval Academy at Annapolis as instructor in steam engineering. Resigning in 1867, he resumed the practice of mechanical engineering, making a specialty of pumping and mining machinery.

In 1872 Mr. Leavitt designed and patented a novel pumping engine which was first used at Lynn, Mass. ; and on account of its remarkable performance it became celebrated in Europe as well as in this country; similar engines were subsequently erected at Lawrence Mass., Louisville, Ky., and at the sewage station of the city of Boston.

In 1874 he became connected with the famous Calumet and Hecla Copper Mine as an adviser of mechanical matters, and was consvilting engineer of the company until 1904, when he retired from active practice. During his term of service with the company, he furnished the designs and plans for its huge equipment, which so materially reduced the cost of mining. He has also acted as consulting engineer to the cities of Boston and Louisville, and to the firm of Henr>' R. Worthington, of New York, the celebrated builders of pumps. He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, American Institute of Mining Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (and past president of same), Boston Society of Ci\'il Engineers, American Society of Naval Engineers, life member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Institution of Civil Engineers and the Institution of Mechanical Engineers of Great Britain. In 1884 he received the honorary degree of Doctor of Engineering from the Stevens Institute of Technology, of Hoboken, N.J. He is a member of the Union and Commercial Clubs of Boston, and the Colonial Club of Cambridge.

Mr. Leavitt was married, June 5, 1867, to Annie Elizabeth, daughter of William Pettit, of Philadelphia, who was the pioneer in locomotive building in the United States, and long connected with the Baldwin Locomotive Works. Mrs. Leavitt died December 28, 1889. Their children were Mary Alford, Hart Hooker, Margaret Almira, Harriet Sherman and Annie Louise. Of these, three are living: Mary A., Margaret A. and Annie L.

Mr. Leavitt's life has been one of close application to his chosen profession, and today he occupies a leading position among the most eminent engineers of this country and of Europe, his ability being recognized by all his contemporaries. During his several trips abroad he has received marked attention from engineers, and from the various engineering societies. He was a warm personal friend of the late Herr Krupp, of Essen, who frequently consulted him concerning engineering matters.

William L. Lockhart

WILLIAM L. LOCKHART LocKHART, William L., a prominent mortuary supply manvtfacturer of Boston for over fifty years, was bom at Horton, N.S., July 20, 1827, and died at his home in Belmont, Mass., February 21, 1902. He came to Boston at the age of fifteen years, from his native place, and being unable to pay for his passage he worked his way as cook on board a vessel - an experience which he would often mention when sailing out of the harbor on the steam yacht which he afterward owned, and on which he spent much of his time. After walking the streets endeavoring to find employment, he started to walk to the city of Salem, to answer an advertisement for an apprentice, in order to save what little money he had, he paid his fare over the toll-bridge with a lead pencil; he failed to secure the position he wanted, but fell in with a sea captain, an old friend, who took him to Nova Scotia. For the next two years he went to sea, and then came to Boston again, being full of pluck and determination to succeed this time. After a hard struggle he apprenticed himself to a stair builder, receiving for his first year's service, fifty dollars, of which he saved twentyfive (at the present time there are not many boys that possess the same pluck and energy). He then visited Nova Scotia and returned to Boston to finish his apprenticeship of three years at stair-building, proving himself so competent and skilful that he was rapidly pushed ahead. A few years later he went to work for John Peak, casket manufacturer of Boston. He remained there six years, at first doing piece work, and later as a contractor hiring his own help. At the end of six years he went into business for himself in the manufacture of caskets and robes, building a small wooden factory on Cambridge Street, East Cambridge. As he only had three hundred dollars, he obtained the lumber on credit for his factory from a lumber merchant who had faith enough in his business ability to tell him he could have all the lumber he wanted. Not long afterward his factory was burned, with only an insurance of one thousand four hundred dollars, although the property was worth five thousand dollars. It was characteristic of him, that on hearing through a friend that the insurance agent said to a friend he expected to save a couple of hundred dollars by settling the loss immediately, at less than its actual value, he refused to accept as much as one cent less than the full amount, which he finally received, though he was obliged to wait six months for it. He subsequently bought a brick factory on Bridge Street, East Cambridge, being backed financially by the same lumber merchant who helped him before. He afterward bought considerable more land adjoining his factory and put up a number of wooden buildings, including a stable for thirty horses. By his energy and perseverance he succeeded in increasing his business, and in 1887, bought the lot of land at the comer of Staniford and Causeway Streets, Boston, and erected a large brick building, containing offices and warerooms. A few years later, his two brothers, Albert E. and C. H. Lockhart, and George H. Howard, who had been with him for twentysix years, were taken into partnership. At the time of his death, the concern employed over one hundred hands. Always fond of the sea it was one of his earliest ambitions to own a boat. When his circumstances enabled him to realize this ambition, his first venture was the sloop yacht Tartar; next came the Nautilus, also a sloop; later on he bought the Alice, a schooner, and still later the Troubador of the same rig, but larger. His latest purchase was the steam yacht Starling, a one hundred and twenty-five foot over all, which he owned at the time of his death. With the Troubador he once defeated the America in a cup race against Ben Butler. He also won a number of races with the Alice. He was a member of the Massachusetts, Hull and Boston Yacht Clubs, and of the St. Augustine Yacht Club of Florida; and was a familiar figure in yachting circles. He was a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, and a former member of the Lancers, having been four days in the saddle doing escort duty at the time of the visit of the Prince of Wales to Boston. About the year 1880, he bought the house in Belmont, surrounded by considerable land, where he resided up to the time of his death. He was quite largely interested in real estate in Cambridge. An injury to his skull, caused by being thrown from his carriage some time in 1887, brought on an illness from which he never fully recovered, being troubled at intervals for the remainder of his life; his death, in fact, being traceable to this cause. During the last four years of his life he relinquished the more active oversight of his business to others, though taking a keen interest in it up to the time of his death. He passed most of the winter in travel, either in this country or Europe, having spent twenty consecutive winters in Florida, with the exception of one, which he spent in California.

Mr. Lockhart was married in 1851, to Miss Lucy O. Smith, of Kennebunk, Me. Mrs. Lockhart died December 6, 1912, being survived by an adopted daughter, wife of Dr. Joseph S. Lockhart of Cambridge.

Among business men he was kno%vn as a man of the highest credit and of strict business integrity, while his genial and affable manner and generous heart made for him a host of friends, among whom he was most deservedly popular. His funeral was attended by his old patrons and business associates. The manufacturers were represented by the Miller Bros., Geo. E. Holbrook, The National Casket Co.; by P. B. Heintz and Edward J. Parmelee, Domtee Co.; by H. A. Stone, Hollings & Co., Samuel Silver, and newspaper representatives of Boston and Cambridge; the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, and employees at the factory. The floral offerings were many and of various appropriate designs, being given by the family, relatives and business associates, and The Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, was bom in Portland, Me., February 27, 1807. He attended Bowdoin College, and graduated there in 1825. His father, Hon. Stephen Longfellow, was a lawyer, and it was in his office that young Longfellow began to study law. Upon receiving, a little later, the appointment of professor of modern languages at Bowdoin, he gave up the study of law, and devoted himself to teaching and Hterature. To prepare himself better for this career, he spent three years traveling in Europe. The studies that he pursued while abroad were such as to increase his qualifications for educational work. Having returned to America, he gave a course of lectures at the college, the subjects being modem languages and literature. At the same time he occasionally contributed to the North American Review, and other periodicals. In 1833 he issued his first volxmne - "An Essay on the Moral and Devotional Poetry of Spain;" it now forms part of "Outre-Mer," and is no longer published as an independent work. When George Ticknor retired from the position of professor of modem languages and literature at Harvard College, Longfellow was asked to succeed him. He accepted the offer, and, as before, went to Europe for the purpose of additional study. This time he included Switzerland and the Scandina\'ian coimtries in his itinerary. His connection with Harvard College lasted till 1854, and he resided in Cambridge not only during that period, but for the remaining years of his life. The house he lived in is variously known as the Craigie House, Washington's headquarters, and the home of Everett, Sparks and Worcester, the lexicographer. Most of Longfellow's works were written there, and there he died on March 24, 1882.

In addition to "Outre-Mer," which has already been mentioned, and which contained the results of the poet's delving into the riches of Old World life, there appeared in 1839 another work of the same character, but in form more narrative - "Hyperion, a Romance." A small book entitled "Voices of the Night," a collection of poems and translations printed at divers times in periodicals, came from the press the same year; "The Psalm of Life," "The Beleaguered City," and "Footsteps of Angels," were in this volimie. "Ballads, and other Poems," and "Poems on Slaver}'," were pubhshed in 1842; "The Spanish Student," a play, in 1843; "The Belfry of Bmges and other Poems," in 1846; "Evangeline," in 1847, and "Kavanagh, a Tale," in prose, in 1849. Among the best known works of Longfellow, may be mentioned "The Golden Legend," "The Song of Hiawatha," "The Courtship of Miles Standish," "Tales of a Wayside Inn," "The New England Tragedies," and the translation of Dante's "Divine Comedy."

Longfellow is considered the leading minor poet. That England, as well as America, appreciates his ser\'ices to literature is e\-ident from the fact that his bust occupies a prominent place in Westminster Abbey.

Abbott Lawrence Lowell

ABBOTT LAWRENCE LOWELL Lowell, Abbott Lawrence, twenty-fourth President of Hansard University, was bom in Boston, Mass., December 13, 1856, son of Augustus and Katherine Bigelow (LawTence) Lowell. He was graduated at Harvard University in the class of 1877. He was especially proficient in mathematics, and also distinguished himself in athletics, ha\ing won on one occasion both the mile and three-mile race in the same afternoon. After two years at Harvard Law School and one year in the law office of Messrs. Russell and Putnam of Boston, he received the degree of LL.B. in 1880. He was immediately admitted to the Bar, and for seventeen years practised law in partnership with his kinsman Francis Cabot Lowell; Frederick Jesup Stimson being a member of the firm dtaring the last six years. Retiring from the bar in 1897, he became lecturer at Harvard University, and two years later was appointed professor of the science of government. He filled this chair so acceptably, and displayed such qualities of business ability, tact and executive force, that, when President EUot resigned in 1909, he was selected by the corporation to succeed him. In his inaugural address on October 6, 1909, President Lowell said: "A discussion of the ideal college training would apparently lead to the conclusion that the best type of liberal education in our complex modern world aims at producing men who know a little of everything and something well." Soon after taking office, he introduced a radical change in Harvard's elective system by abandoning the plan of unlimited electives, and providing for a considerable amount of work by the student in some one field, and the general distribution of other subjects under the direction and advice of the faculty. His writings have won him international recognition as one of the few high authorities on the history and science of government in the English-speaking world. They are: "Transfer of Stock in Corporations," in collaboration with Judge Francis C. Lowell (1884); "Essays on Government" (1889), "Governments and Parties in Continental Europe" (1896), "Colonial Civil Service," in collaboration with Prof. H. Morse Stevens (1900); "The Influence of Party upon Legislation in England and America" (1902), and "The Government of England" (1908). From the moment President Lowell began his teaching at Harvard he impressed both students and colleagues with his forceful personality. His elementary course in government was considered the most stimulating line of instruction, as well as the most popular, given to imdergraduates. He was at one time a member of the Boston School Committee and of the executive committee of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and is now a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Phi Beta Kappa Fraternity. President Lowell has been trustee of the Lowell Institute of Boston since 1900. In that capacity he has the full financial management of the trust, selects the lectvirers and in all ways carries on the affairs of the Institute in the service of public education. He was married, June 19, 1879, to Anna Parker, daughter of George G. Lowell of Boston, and a descendant of Judge John Lowell.

James Russell Lowell

JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL Lowell, James Russell, son of Rev. Charles Lowell, D.D., and Harriet, daughter of Robert T. Spence of Portsmouth, N.H., was bom in Elmwood, Plymouth County, Mass., February 22, 1819. Perhaps no family in the Commonwealth has attained greater distinction in both the republic of letters and beneficent public service. The first American ancestor was Percival Lowell, who came from Bristol, England, settling in Newbury, Mass., in 1639.

The greatgrandfather of the poet was Rev. John Lowell, minister of Newburyport, numbered by historians among the special notabilities of the American pulpit . His grandfather, Hon. John Lowell (Chief -Justice of the Court of

A History Of Cambridge, Massachusetts

Appeals, and United States District Judge) was a poet of ability, but is chiefly remembered for philanthropic action as a member of the convention which framed the constitution of Massachusetts, as he introduced the clause which effected the abolition of slaver],- in the State. John Lowell, LL.D., uncle of James Russell, was a noted writer on poUtics. theology-, economics, agriculture, etc.

To Francis Cabot Lowell, brother of John Lowell, is to be attributed the introduction of the cotton maniifacture into the United States, at Waltham, and the founding of the city of Lowell, which was named for him. To his son, John Lowell, Jr., is due the gratitude of a Commonwealth for his founding of the Lowell Institute of Boston, where he was bom May 11, 1799. Robert Traill Spence Lowell, brother of the poet is remembered as ha\-uig, with other members of the family, achieved hterarj- celebrity; but to none of them has come such versatile and \-igorous power as to the poet himself - power lo3"ally used for the good of his country, as well as universal man.

James Russell Lowell was graduated from Har\-ard College in the class of 1838. He read law in the law department of Har\-ard University, was admitted to the bar in 1S40, and opened an office in Boston. But love of letters was stronger than ambition for legal rewards. He soon left the profession he had chosen, for the opportunity and leisure of indulging his tastes in realms more congenial.

His first collection of poems, "A Year's Life" (1841) was severelj- criticised, though the genius slumbering was noticed by Judge Storj-, who wrote kindlj' of it at the time. In January", 1843, he with a co-partner issued "The Pioneer, A Literarj' and Critical Magazine," Boston. This was not a financial success. The years following were spent in giving to the world his inimitable prose sketches, his poems, that one after another took the hterarj- world by storm, his contributions to the leading magazines of the world, his editions of the poems of Keats, Wordsworth, Shelly and Mar\-ell, in the "British Poets" series, and in his extensive fore;ign travels.

In 1844 Mr. Lowell was married to Maria, daughter of Abijah and Anna Maria (Howard) WTiite. Her death, at Cambridge, eUcited one of Longfellow's most exqviisite compositions: "Two Angels." In 1857 he was married to his second wife, Frances Ehmlap, niece of Ex- Governor Dimlap of Portland, Me. She died in England, Februar}-, 1885. Of the four children by the first marriage, only one sur\'ives - Mabel, wife of Edward Bxunett.

In 1887, Mr. Lowell was appointed by President Haj'es to represent the national government at the court of Spain, from which in 1880 he was transferred to the coiut of St. James. His administration of the delicate and responsible duties of his high mission in London was characterized hv tact, marked ability-, and was a most pronounced diplomatic and social success. During his residence in England he was chosen rector of the viniversity of St. Andrew. Mr. LoweU died in 1891.

John J. Mahoxey

ber 2, 1880. His early education was received in St. Mary's Parochial School. From this school, in 1896, he entered Phillips Andover Academy, where for three j-ears he led his class, graduating in 1899, with several prizes to his credit for special excellence in Latin and Greek.

Mr. Mahoney's course at Har\'ard (1899- 1903) was a brilliant one. He excelled both in scholarship and as a debater, and graduated, a Phi Beta Kappa man, very near the head of a large class. His first teaching, immediately on leaving college, was in the Lawrence High School, where he sensed one year. From 1904 to 1912 he was a successful grammar school master. During the same time he directed the evening school system of Lawrence, one of the largest, proportionately, in the country, and did some valuable pioneer work along the Hnes of the education of the immigrant. In the strmmer of 1912, he was elected Assistant Superintendent of Schools in Cambridge.

Mr. Mahoney is kno'WTi as an educational lectiorer and writer. In 1906 he was sent abroad xmder the auspices of the National Ci\'ic Federation, to study the schools of the British Isles.

CHARLES JOHN McINTIRE McIntire, Charles John, "First Judge of the Probate Court and the Court of Insolvenc}^ for Middlesex County," son of Ebenezer and Amelia Augustine (Landais) McIntire, was bom in Cambridge. Through his mother he is seventh in descent from John Talcot, who came over with the Rev. Thomas Hooker's Braintree company in 1632, built his residence upon Brattle Street, was one of the first board of selectmen, a deputy in 1634-16.36, and in 1637 accompanied Hooker to Hartford, and became a prominent figure in the Connecticut Colon}'. Both of Judge McIntire' s parents have the distinction of being lineally descended from original settlers of Cambridge; his mother from John Talcot, and his father from Nathaniel Sparhawk, John Cooper and "U'alter Hastings. On his paternal side Judge McIntire is also the ^sixth in descent from Philip Mackintire, who came a youth from Scotland about 1650, settled at Reading, Mass., became a freeholder in that town before 1666, and died there in 1720.

While yet a student in Cambridge, in 1862, Mr. McIntire enlisted as a private in the Forty-fourth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers. He took part in all the engagements of his regiment, including the famous defense of the besieged town of Washington, N.C., and returned to his law studies when his term of service had expired. At the age of twentythree years he was admitted to the Bar by the Supreme Judicial Court, and soon built up a good practice. From 1871 to 1S74, he was the Assistant District Attorney of Middlesex; and when Judge Hammond was appointed to the Bench of the Superior Court, in March, 1SS6, Mr. McIntire was elected by the City Council to fill the position of Cit}' Solicitor. He performed the work of that office so satisfactorily that he was annually re-elected, always by unanimous votes, untU, on October 26, 1893, Governor Russell appointed him to his present position on the Bench, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Judge George M. Brooks. On September 1, 1894, by legislative enactment, he became "First Judge" of the two courts. Previously, in 1893, he had been appointed by in 1840, and began business life as bookkeeper in the house of Hayward & Morse, who were engaged in the Provincial and West India trade. He soon commenced business in that line on his own account, employing a large force of men, and was eminently successful.

Mr. Morse was married July 13, 1845, to Dorcas Louisa, bom August 28, 1822 and died February 24, 1864, daughter of Thomas Wise and Elizabeth White Short, and they moved to Cambridgeport, where he resided up to the time of his death, which occurred March 18th, 1906. Shortly after taking up his residence in Cambridge, he became interested in real estate operations, and was for a long time an extensive builder. He was for some time connected with the Cambridge Fire Insurance Company, as director; the Cambridge Hospital as trustee, and other charitable institutions, and for about thirty-five years director of the Cambridgeport National Bank, and for a number of years its president; also vice-president of the Cambridgeport Savings Bank. He was for sixteen years a member of the school board, was alderman in 1866, and a member of the legislature in 1869, and in 1872 he was again elected. He declined re-election. The Republicans of the "Third Middlesex Senatorial District," in the campaign of 1878, selected Mr. Morse as the candidate for senator, and he was elected by a handsome majority. The bill for the establishment of a reformity for men, which resulted in the establishment of the Concord Reformatory, passed the Senate largely through the efforts of Mr. Morse. He was re-elected to the Senate of 1880 by a large majority. He was again placed at the head of the committee on prisons, and also on the committee on education and expenditures. He was a life member of the "New England Historic Genealogical Society," and also life member of the "Webster Historical Society."

Mr. Morse's children were Marj' Louisa, who married Charles Willis Jones, formerly president of the New England National Bank of Boston, Mass.; Velma Maria and Arthur Porter (deceased).

W. and Hannah F. (Adams) Munroe, who were also bom in the University town. He was educated in the Cambridge schools and at Harvard, graduating in the Class of 1864. He was in the Law School during 1866 and 1867, and entered the office of Chandler, Shattuck & Thayer, Boston. He was admitted to the Suffolk Bar in 1868, and subsequently became a member of the Bar of the United States

William Adams Munroe William Adams Muxroe

Supreme Coiu-t. He began practice in 1869, and in Februar}', 1870, formed a partnership with George O. Shattuck of the old firm, which had been dissolved. Judge Oliver Wendell Holmes was a partner from 1873 until his appointment to the Bench in 1882, the firm name being Shattuck, Holmes & Munroe. Mr. Munroe was never active politically, but always took a keen interest in the educational and social development of the city. He was for several years a prominent member of the School Board; was one of the commission to revise the City Charter in 1890; was president of the Cambridge Club in 1890; and a member and one of the incorporators of the Cambridge Club, and a trustee of the Avon Home. He was an active member of the First Baptist Church, and prominent in the denomination, having been president of the Boston Baptist Social Union in 1882. He was a trustee of the Newton Theological Seminary. Mr. Munroe was married, November 22, 1871, to Sarah D. Whiting, of Salem.

James Jefferson Myers

Myers, James Jefferson, lawyer, was bom at Frewsburg, N.Y., November 20, 1842, the son of Robert and Sabra (Tracy) Myers. He prepared for college at Western, N.Y. He graduated from Harvard in 1869, with the degree of A.B., receiving his A.M. later. He studied at the Harvard Law School, and was given his LL.B. in 1872. After a year in Europe he spent another in a- New York law office.

In the fall of 1874, having been admitted to the Suffolk Bar, Mr. Myers, with Mr. J. B. Warner of Cambridge, formed the firm of Myers & Warner, and has since practised law continuously in Boston.

From 1893 to 1903 he represented Cambridge in the Legislature, and was Speaker of the House from 1900 to 1903. He has taken a lively interest in matters of education and good government. He has served as president of the Library Hall Association of Cambridge, and was treasurer of the Citizens' Committee, which raised the fimds for the Public Library.

Mr. Myers is a director of the Cambridge Trust Company, the Walworth Manufactioring Company, and various other similar enterprises. He is a member of the American Bar Association, the Civil Service Reform Association, the Economic Club of Boston, the Prospect Union, the Cambridge Historical Society, and numerous clubs. His home is in Cambridge.

Dr. J. T. G. NICHOLS Nichols, J. T. G., Dr., for many years a resident of Cambridge and particularly well known as president of the Cambridge Savings -Bank, was bom in Portland, Me., in 1837, and died August 26, 1911, at his summer home. Boar's Head, N.H.

He attended Harvard College and the Lawrence Scientific School, and received his M.D. degree. The outbreak of the Civil War, soon after, led to his appointment as a surgeon in the Northern Army; and later in the struggle he was a member of one of the unattached companies in this State. He was at one time a member of John A. Logan Post 186, G.A.R., but resigned his membership some years ago.

Dr. Nichols was one of the best-known and most skilled practitioners in Cambridge, and his fame, gained from a practice here of more than sixty years, spread far beyond the borders of the city. At the Cambridge Hospital, too, he had an excellent record. When the hospital was opened, he became one of the visiting physicians and he continued to hold this position until he resigned, owing to his age. Thereupon he became one of the consulting physicians, in which capacity he continued until his death.

Apart from his professional life. Dr. Nichols was perhaps best known through his connection with the Cambridge Savings Bank, to which he gave freely of his business acumen. He had been connected with the Bank for more than thirty-seven years, for it was on Febmary 11, 1874, that he was chosen a member of the corporation. Two years later, February 9, 1876, he was elected a trustee.

On the death of president Charles W. Sever, Dr. Nichols was, on July 7, 1904, elected vicepresident of the Bank; and he also served as acting president until February 8 of the following year, when he was chosen president, holding this office until his resignation on June 19, 1911.

Dr. Nichols was a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society; the Cambridge Society for Medical Improvement; the Boston Society of the same name; the Harvard Medical Alumni Association and the Boston Medical Library-. He was also a member of the First Parish Church, and for many years had served as chairman of its standing committee.

Dr. Nichols is survived by his widow. His two sons are Henry A. Nichols, receiving teller at the Cambridge Savings Bank, and J. T. G. Nichols, Jr., of Newburyport.

John Nolen

NoLEN, John, landscape architect, city planner, ci-\'ic lecturer, writer, observant traveler in old worlds and new, is, in the thoughts of many, now occupying the desirable position in public estimation which those who knew best the lamented Charles Eliot, son of Ex-President Eliot, expected him one day to have.

Mr. Nolen's career has been unusual. He was bom in 1869, was graduated in 1893 from the University of Permsylvania, studied at Oxford, Munich and Har\'ard, which gave him its A.M. in 1905.

Practice and theory have found in his life the blending which invariably spells out success. Before college he had a fruitful business career; after college - in fact, till 1903 - he combined lecturing and administrative work for the University Extension Society in Philadelphia. He thus became a fluent and effective speaker, and at the same time learned to organize men, direct acti\'ities, and deal with multitudinous details. He acquired the art of influencing minds in the mass and also one by one. He developed the habit, whether in a crowd or in the quiet of an office conversation, of stating unwholesome truth without dilution and also without hurt to the most sensitive. When as city planner or re-planner he is to speak about the city's needs before the citizens en masse, he makes

Mr. Nolen has written many articles, published many reports, given many addresses, and advised in the formation of many organizations for the betterment and beautifying of our cities. His attitude toward practically ever\' civic problem wdth which he has had to deal, is clearly indicated in his latest book. "Replanning Small

Cities," perhaps the most important single contribution to city improvement literatiu-e ever made by an American. In reading it one sees that Mr. Nolen always has in mind in his writing and work the three essentials: (1) The influence of comprehensive city planning on the civic spirit; (2) the relationship of the specific plan to better housing, proper schooling, well-planned playgrounds, spacious parks, grade crossings, waterfronts, a true wage-sj'stem, and better li\dng; (3) and the lu-gent necessity that American cities, like Diisseldorf and other German cities, should be able to borrow large sums to make their plans effective.

within the last decade, one is amazed at both the quality and quantity of his good work. Fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects, first vice-president of the American Civic Association, member of the Executive Board of the National Conference on City Planning and of the Boston Metropolitan Plan Commission, and of such clubs as the Boston City Club, the New York Harvard Club, and the Appalachian Mountain Club, Mr. Nolen has been counsellor to more than a score of representative American cities, many more educational and philanthropic institutions and private estates, and official landscape architect to such municipalities as Madison, Wis., Montclair, N.J., Reading, Pa., Roanoke, Va., San Diego, Cal., New London, Conn., Savannah, Ga., and Schenectady, N.Y. In Massachusetts alone ten cities are the better and the fairer for his touch.

It is evermore the man behind the guns that wins the victory. Back of all of Mr. Nolen's intelligent, artistic and amazingly abundant work is a simple, qmet, tactful, friendly but extremely forceful personaHty, gathering inspiration all along the way of life, from chance acquaintances, from friends whose name is legion, and most of all from a happy home made possible by his marriage in 1896 to Miss Barbara Schatte of Philadelphia.

Mr. Nolen lives in Cambridge, but his main professional fields have been South and West. His strong preference for public work has been expressed oftenest perhaps in the case of the small city, sometimes regardless of compensation. He has kept the standard of his comparatively new profession ever far ahead of mediocrity and mercenary interests, and his motto ever is "The beautiful is as useful as the useful."

Forris W. Norris

NoRRis, FoRRis W., real estate operator, was born at Dimkin, Quebec, June 25, 1885, being the son of Anson 0. and Emma A. Norris. His early education was received in the district schools of Canada, and he afterwards attended North Troy Academy, North Troy, Vt.

At the age of twenty he became associated with Mr. G. A. Giles in the real estate business. He was so successful that about four years later he opened an office for himself. Since that time Mr. Norris has been one of the men most active in furthering the growth of Cambridge. The the remarkable industrial development of the city in recent years is in no small measure due to his energy and enterprise. It was he who organized the Riverbank Trust, and he has been identified with numerous other similar projects.

Mr. Norris is at present a director of the Guaranty Trust Company, director and treasurer of the Cambridge Realty Company, trustee of the Riverbank Trust, a member of the Cambridge Board of Trade and the Massachusetts Real Estate Exchange. He also belongs to the Cambridge Lodge of Elks. In politics he is a Republican, and served in the Common Council for three years - 1909, 1910 and 1911. Mr. Norris's religious affiliations are with the Protestant Church.

Charles Eliot Norton

CHARLES ELIOT NORTON Norton, Charles Eliot, was bom in Cambridge, November 16, 1827, and graduated in 1846 from Harvard University, which three years later conferred upon him the degree of A.M. Subsequent honors were given him by- Cambridge University, England, which gave him the degree of Litt.D., in 1884; Columbia, L.H.D., in 1885; Har\-ard, LL.D., in 1887, and Yale in 1901; O.-dord, D.C.L.. in 1900. He went to India when twenty-two years old, and then came home through Europe.

During the Ci\-il War he edited at Boston the papers issued by the Loyal Publication Society, and from 1864 to 1868 he was associated with James Russell Lowell in editing the North American Rrdeu.'.

Before this, in 1857, Longfellow told Norton of his ambition to write in poetic form a translation of Dante's "Divina Commedia," and turned to him for aid in the work. The work progressed, Longfellow being assisted by Norton and Lowell, and from frequent conferences grew the Dante Club, with Norton as president.

Professor Norton was a university lecturer at Har\-ard in 1863-1864 and 1874-1875. In 1875 was he appointed professor of the historyof art; he resigned in 1898, being retained as professor emeritus.

He was first president of the American Institute of Archaeology founded in 1879; first president of the Arts and Crafts Society ; member of the Massachusetts Historical Society; fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; member of the Imperial German Archaeological Society and was for some time president of the Har\-ard Musical Association.

Professor Norton published a prose translation of Dante's "Di\-ine Comedy," "Consideration of Some Recent Social Theories," "Historical Studies of Chiu-ch Building in the Middle Ages" and "Notes of Travel and Study in Italy"; contributed to an American edition of Scott; edited the letters of Goethe, the poems of Arthur Hugh Clough and John Downe, the philosophical discussions of Chauncy Wright and several other works.

Professor Norton's wife, to whom he was married in 1862, died ten years later, in Germany. His three sons and three daughters are li\ing. Professor Norton died October 21, 1908, at Cambridge.

Edmund Morley Parker

EDMUND MORLEY PARKER Parker, Edmund Morley, counsellor at law, was bom in Cambridge on August 15, 1856, being the son of Joel and Marj- (Morse) Parker. His father was Chief- Justice of New Hampshire and RoyaU Professor of Law at Har\"ard Law School. Edmund M. Parker, after receiving his early education in private schools, attended the Reading High School (1869-1870) and the Cambridge High School (1870-1873). He graduated from Harvard College in 1877 with the degree of A.B., traveled and studied in Europe (1877-1879), and was given his degree of LL.B. by Harvard Law School in 1882.

Mr. Parker was admitted to the Suffolk Bar in 1882, and has engaged in the practice of law ever since, acting as trustee of many real estate trusts and various private estates. In 1890 and 1891 he served on the commission that revised the Cambridge Charter, and in 1903 and 1904, was Chairman of the special commission on the law of eminent domain in the State of Massachusetts. From 1905 to 1910 he lectured at Harvard College on comparative administrative law.

Mr. Parker is a member of the Union and the Exchange Club of Boston, the Oakley Country Club, the Jamestown Golf and Country Club, the Conanicut Yacht Club, and others.

Lewis Parkhurst

LEWIS PARKHURST Parkhurst, Lewis, a native of Dunstable, Mass., was bom July 26, 1856, being the son of the late Thomas H. and Sarah Newton (Wright) Parkhurst. His father was a farmer and lumberman, noted for honesty, good judgment and a happy disposition. Joel Parkh\u-st, an ancestor, was a Lieutenant in the War of the Revolution. His immigrant ancestor, George Parkhurst, was bom in Guilford, England, and settled in Watertown, Mass., where he died in 1648.

Lewis Parkhurst was obUged to begin a life of hard work when eleven years of age, by laboring on a farm at eight dollars a month and his board, and although his parents did what they could to help him get an education, he had mainly to work his way through the academy and college, aided by a friendly loan of five hundred dollars, which he repaid during his fir^t year after graduation. His preparatory study was at the Green Mountain Academy in South Woodstock, Vt., and he was graduated from Dartmouth College in 1878, receiving the degree of A.M. from the same institution in 1908. His eminent success in life was largely aided by the influences and associations of his years in school and college, and continued contact with the men with whom he formed friendships in those days. He served successively as principal of the grammar school in Fitchburg, and of the high schools in Athol and Winchester. In 1886 he entered into the employment of Ginn and Company, pubUshers of school and college text-books, and became a member of the same firm in 1889, and its business manager. In 1897 Mr. Parkhiurst built and has since managed the Athenaeum Press, of Cambridge. He organized and was first president of the Middlesex County Bank, in Winchester, Massachusetts, and for many years was a tmstee of the Winchester Savings Bank. In the same locaHty he served for seven years on the Water Board, was a member of the School Committee, and a trustee of the Public Library. He was chairman of the committee that built the Winchester High School building, and held the same position on the building committee of the Winchester Unitarian Church, with which he was affiliated. In 1908 Mr. Parkhurst was elected as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives; and served as a member of the Railroad committee; and in that same year was made a trustee of Dartmouth College, and president of the Dartmouth Alimmi Association in Boston.

While at college Mr. Parkhurst was a member of the Greek fraternity known as "Delta Kappa Epsilon," and now belongs to the University Club of Boston. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, where he is chairman of its library committee. A loyal Repubhcan, Mr. Parkhurst has seen no reason for changing his party allegiance. At intervals in his remarkably busy life he has found recreation in fishing, hunting, golf and travehng. He married in Weston, Vt., November 18, 1880, Emma, daughter of John and Sarah (Cragin) Wilder, whose ancestors Hved at Hingham, Mass. Two children were bom of this marriage, one of whom now living is Richard Parkhurst, bom in 1894.

No one can fail to perceive, from even a brief sketch of such a career as that led by Mr. Parkhurst, that his main aim all along has been to "do the duty next to him," whether as a boy on the farm, a lad at school, a student in college, a teacher, a trustee, a banker, a publisher, or a member of the legislature of his native state. He served with remarkable pubHc spirit the town where his home is made, and rejoiced to make its buildings more commodious and its streets more attractive. People have trusted him with weighty responsibilities, and he has borne faithfully, evidently seeking as his best reward the satisfaction of knowing that by his diligence and intelligence others have been made happier, wiser and better.

ical Society; Unitarian Club; Cambridge Club (\-ice-president, 1906, president, 1907); Union Club of Boston and the Oakley Country Club. Mr. Piper was married at Yellow Springs, O., July 10, 1879, to Anne Palfrey, daughter of the Rev. William F. Bridge, Harvard, 1846. Mr. Piper died at his home in Cambridge, being survived by four children: William Bridge, Har\'ard, 1903; E. Elizabeth Bridge, RadclifEe, 1906; Anne Taggard (now Mrs. Matthew Hale, Harvard, 1903); and Ralph Crosby Piper.

William Taggard Piper

WILLIAM TAGGARD PIPER Piper, William Taggard, trustee, was bom in Boston, Mass., August 9, 1853, son of Solomon and Mary EUzabeth (Taggard) Piper. His first American ancestor was Nathaniel Piper, -who came from Devonshire, England; first definite date about 1653, and settled at Ipswich, Mass., before 1665, bought land in 1662. The line of descent is traced through his son Jonathan, who married Alice Darby; their son Joseph who married Esther Wright, and their son Soloman who married Susannah Pratt and was the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Piper attended the Boston public schools, including the Latin School, and was graduated at Har\'ard College in 1874, receiving" the degrees of M.A. in 1881 and Ph.D. in 1883. During 1875-1876 he attended Trinity College, Cambridge, England. He was a member of the Cambridge Common Council dviring 1888-1889, and Alderman during 1890. He had been a member of the School Committee since 1891, and president since 1892, retiring in 1909. The latter year he also became trustee of the Cambridge Public Library, and was president of that body during the years 1896-1903.

Mr. Piper was director and secretary of the Associated Charities of Cambridge during 1881- 1902, and since 1886 was trustee and president of the Avon Home for Children in Cambridge. He was also trustee of the Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital and the Boston State Hospital; director of the Cambridge Trust Company; member of the New England Historic Genealogical Society (Councillor) during 1898-1901 and 1904-1907; Colonial Society of Massachusetts; Bostonian Society; Cambridge Histor-

David Proudfoot

DAVID PROUDFOOT Proudfoot, David, coal merchant, was bom in Cambridge on August 7, 1840. His parents were William and Jane Proudfoot. He attended the pubhc schools of the city until he was sixteen years old, and then went to work on a farm. He afterwards obtained employment with the Boston & Lowell Railroad. He was connected with this company for twentytwo years, and during the greater part of the time was ticket-master at the Boston terminus. In 1881 he decided to go into business for himself, and in August of that year procured an office and wharv^es at East Cambridge for the retailing of coal. The venture proved successful, and iMr. Proudfoot had soon built up a large trade. He is still actively occupied in the management of the affairs of the concern of Da\'id Proudfoot and Company.

Mr. Proudfoot was married on September 10, 1866, to Augusta IM. Smith of Hammond, St. Lawrence County, N.Y. He is a member of the Colonial Club, Putnam Lodge of Masons, Royal Arch Chapter and Cambridge Commander>', K.T., and has been treasurer of the last two organizations. He resides in Cambridge.

Frederick B. Pullen

FREDERICK B. PULLEN PuLLEN, Frederick B., chief of the police department of Cambridge, has served forty continuous years on the force. He was appointed January 2, 1871, as a patrolman, during the administration of Mayor Harding, and since that time he has done duty in every part of the city. His ability and efficiency as a patrolman were soon manifested, and, in the fall of 1880, he took the position of detective in the chief's office in place of Barret Jones, who had died. As a result of his good work in this position, Mayor Fox promoted him to a sergeant. Mayor Bancroft promoted him to a captaincy, made vacant by the death

Frederick

During the time he was on the force, he always proved to be a faithful, energetic, and efficient officer, and he had on numerous occasions received the commendation of his superiors for his remarkable ability in the performance of his duty.

Chief Pullen served with distinction in the Civil War. He enlisted in 1862, when but sixteen years old, joining the First Massachusetts Regiment. He was in all the battles of the regiment in Louisiana, during the campaign of the Bay of Tesche, under General Banks. He served in the Shenandoah campaign under Sheridan. He received his discharge May 20, 1S65, at Falls Church, Va. Chief Pullen died in 1913.

George J. Raymond

Raymond, George J., son of Cadwallader M. and Judith A. (Squirers) Raymond, was bom in Woodstock, New Brunswick, July 31, 1852. He attended school three months in his native town, and when eight years old went to work on a farm at Wicklow, New Brunswick. He remained there until he was seventeen years of age when he came to Boston and found employment wdth S. S. Houghton. After several years' service with him, Mr. Ra>Tnond (1883) went into business for himself, and is now manager of The Raj^mond Syndicate, at 352 to 358 Washington Street, Boston. A recounting of the struggles and efforts of the young man from the period of his coming to Boston until the time when his name became known throughout the city would not be without interest. There is a peculiar fascination to the life of a man who succeeds in spite of apparent insurmount- able obstacles, and one takes a kind of personal glory in the achievements of another - a gladto-know feeling that somebody has made good. That's the way one takes to Raymond, particularly after you have seen him. There is

His next service was in the West G-alf Sqiiadron. Here one expedition and engagement followed another, and he had his place in them all for many months; during the last two years of the war, his vessel taking part in many contests, and also doing blockade dut}- oS the Louisiana and Texas coasts. He was in the battle of Sabine Pass, where the Union forces men* in rebel prisons. In May, ISdi, during an engagement at Calcasien Pass, La., he was captured by the rebels. For eight months he was confined in the stockade prison-camps in Texas, sufiering hardships and terrible that only thirty-two of the one 1 and eleven men who were capttued in May were li^nng when release cam met with disaster and great slaughter. He also was in all the engagements of the occupation of the Texas coast by General "Washburn, ai the winter of 1S63, and took part in the capruie of Corpus Chiisti, Arkansas Pass and Matagorda.

exposure without shelter and insnffident food having ended the lives of seventy-nine of his comrades. This rate of mortality put the Texas swamp piison-camps among the in the entire South, equalling in thear horror, the terrible records of AndersonviUe and libby. Only thirty-two ack and wasted men remained in the camp which had held seven irmired brave Union soldiers; and, as these were too sick to cook their own rations or care for themselves, the Confederates closed the camp, and sent them to the Union lines. But for this the entire company would soon have been obliterated. In the whole war there was no greater suffering or larger percentage of mortality than in the Texas swamp prison-camps.

In spite of all that he had suffered, he essayed to do further duty, and was assigned to the United States sloop of war Kearsarge, but the privations and suffering of his previous service had broken his health, and near the close of the war he resigned.

Mr. Read is a member of Post No. 56, G.A.R. ; of the militar}- order of the Loj'al Legion of the United States; of the Kearsarge Naval Veterans; and of the Association of Survivors of Rebel Prisons.

After his return from the war Mr. Read became a partner of William Read & Sons, but also found time for public service. He was a member of the common council in the years 1880 and 1881; of the board of aldermen in 1882 and 1883; of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1SS8, and was prominently mentioned for speaker of the House; of the Massachusetts Senate in 1892 and 1S93.

He was on important committees in the Legislature, being chairman of committees of military affairs, water supply, and federal relations, and also a member of banks and banking, education and prisons. As a legislator he has always been found on the right side of the great questions. He has been much interested in the improvement of the public service, and gave his support to the Australian ballot law. No temperance measure failed to receive his vote.