Cambridge City (part 7 of 12)

The Viaduct

One of the most sorely-needed street improvements which affect the interests of Cambridge lies wholly within the limits and jurisdiction of Boston. The approach to the Cambridge Bridge at the junction of Cambridge and Charles Streets is utterly squalid and inadequate. The approaching streets are less than half the width of the bridge and are further blocked by the piers of the Elevated Railroad. It is impossible for the bridge to perform its traffic duties effi-. ciently through such a cramped entrance and e.xit, and the dignity of the design of the bridge is sadly marred by this incongruous and illrelated approach. Evidently a considerable the question of new bridges must have attention. A good bridge requires not only strength and durability, but also fitness and beauty. The dam at Craigie Bridge and the Cambridge Bridge are fine and permanent structures, but the rest of the bridges over the Charles are temporary in construction and wholly lacking in artistic merit. The Boylston Street Bridge must be first attended to, and there is a splendid opportunity there for the building of a bridge which shall be worthy of the place. It is the site of the original "Great Bridge," and it is the highway which connects Cambridge with all the region on the south of the river. It has, too, new significance as the connection between the grounds and buildings of Harvard College in Cambridge and the Stadium and athletic grounds on the Boston side of the river. The bridges at Western Avenue, River Street and Brookline Street are poor wooden structures which are constantly in need of repair and quite unworthy of the beautiful water park which they span. They should be replaced as soon as possible by stone or steel bridges of handsome and reasonably uniform design. To reduce the cost of such thoroughfares, Boston and Cambridge should carefully consider the feasibility of substituting earth causeways for portions of the bridge structures. A third to a half the cost of a continuous bridge between the present embankment lines might be saved by such earthworks. The interspaces between the bridges might be redeemed from monotony by causeways planted with trees and shrubbery, and their margins devoted to fuller recreative use by taking advantage of embankments intended to reduce the cost of the bridging operations. Earth causeways of this kind, if used as peninsulas to shorten the actual water space to be spanned, would place the bridges in midstream and produce a series of basins not unlike the Alster Basins at Hamburg, while if these causeways were placed in mid-stream like islands and connected with the Boston and Cambridge shores by short bridges, an effect would be produced like that to be seen in the rivers which contain the Isle de la Cite at Paris, the Island at Geneva, or the Kohlen-Islen of Munich. If these mid-stream islands were connected with one another to form one island of greater length, its recreative service would be immensely increased, and the appearance of the lower basin would be controlled largely by it rather than by the bridge structures and their approaches.

Kelley School

This disposition of the earthworks would leave the present margins of the basin uninterrupted and would not interfere with convenient alongshore passenger boat traffic or pleasure boating, although the headroom under the bridges could not be so great as with the peninsula treatment. On the other hand, the peninsulas would interrupt the continuity of the present embankments and force pleasure and passenger boating into the mid-stream of the basin. The service of tree-planted earthworks of either kind, to check the winds of the basin and to make its use for skating and boating more popular would be important.

When the trees are grown, the bridges built, and stately buildings, such as those planned for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, have arisen on the " ' ^ embankment, the ,^ basin and channel of the Charles will become the great center of the Metropolitan District. It will have a distinction which will be comparable only to the splendid quays and bridges of the Seine at Paris, and the magnificent promenades which extend for three miles along the Danube at Budapest.

The growth of a city should have the same oversight that an architect gives to the erection of a building. The liberty of the individual to do what he pleases with his own property ought not to be pennitted to become a detriment to the convenience or attractiveness of the community as a whole. Town planning has become a science. In many European and American cities large dreams of city planning have been worked into practical success. Careful attention is given to the topography, the natural advantages, the best uses to which each district of the city should be put. The prevailing winds are studied, and factories permitted to locate only in certain prescribed areas. Some sections arc devoted primarily to business and others to residences. Streets, parks, open spaces, play-grounds, sites for public bmldings and schoolhouses are arranged for in advance of the city's growth. The orderly development of the whole municipaUty is the first consideration. Everything must be done for the good of the community at large. The health, beauty and comfort of the whole city stand higher than the individual rights of the land speculators or the builders of factories and tenements.

Competent town planning is carried into many details. There must be no telegraph or telephone wires overhead, but they must be placed in conduits underground. There must be no obtruding street railway tracks under foot.

Peabody School

The tracks must be of a pattern which will offer no obstruction to traffic. The street pavements should be of the most approved quahty and kept thoroughly cleaned and repaired. The sewers must be in the center of the streets, but the gas, water, Ught and telephone condtdts placed under the sidewalks close to the building line. It should never be necessary to block a street or tear up the pavement in order to get access to them. Business signs should be under public control so that they be inoffensive, and bill-boards should be prohibited or limited to certain districts only. Smoke ordinances should be rigidly enforced. In a city like Cambridge special provision should be made for recreation on the water front, where landing stages should be provided for pleasiue sailing, rowing and motor boating, and in the winter for skating and ice-boating.

Such a regulation of a city plan and administration permits sufficiently free play for individual initiative, but it subordinates the interests of property to those of htunanity. It reserves to the city the right to determine where the liberty of the individual must yield to the good of the community. The whole design and administration must be directed to the task of upbuilding the health and happiness of all the people. It has been abundantly proved that careful attention to these matters also promotes industrial prosperity. A handsome and well-planned city attracts an everincreasing population. It draws to itself business. People choose a beautiful city as a place where they wish to live. Good schools make better citizens. Parks and playgrounds promote health and morality. A handsome city well planned and well administered pays in the ciarrent coin of commerce and also in the cheerfulness and the well-being of all the citizens.

Another improvement which will make life in Cambridge healthier and happier is more ample provisions for playgrounds. We are coming to understand that play is not simply something that children like to have, but something they must have. Playgrounds are not a luxury but a necessity in a modem city. The City has recently established a Playground Commission, and both the needs and the possibilities have been carefully studied. The Commission has purchased and contracted for various available land for playground piu-poses, mostly in connection with schools, and it is developing some of the older properties held by the City. The plans of the Commission provide for three types of playgrounds. In the first place, there should be a considerable mmiber of small playgrounds well distributed over the city so that little children need not be obliged to travel too far from home. The schoolhouse land is very well adapted for this type of playground. In the second place, it is necessary to provide larger playgrounds for the boys and young men, which should also be well distributed, though not so nixmerous as the children's grounds. In the third place, there should be recreation parks. These should include the types previously mentioned, but in addition should offer opportunity for field days for the schools, for competition

A History Of Cambridge. Massachusetts Russell School

1911, "are comprehensive. Playgrounds are to be enclosed by suitable fences. Enclosures axe to be set off within the fields. Halls are to be erected as a protection from the heat of summer and the cold of winter. These halls may also be used at night for various forms of recreation for young men and women who are obliged to work during the day, and afford a place for dancing under sanitary and moral conditions in place of the unsanitary dance-halls into which our young people are often forced, with danger to both health and morals. Nursery corners are to be fitted out with sand-boxes, wading pools, baby-hammocks and other suitable means of amusement and instruction. Children's departments will contain teeters, merry-go-rounds, swings and slides. Girls' fields are to be set apart for the enjoyment and physical development of the girls. Baseball diamonds, tennis courts, running tracks, bleachers, skating rinks, coasting inclines and gymnastic apparatus of various kinds are to be provided. "Captain's Island, because of its size, its accessibility, and its situation on the river, offers the best opportunity for the main recreation park of the city of Cambridge. It is therefore necessary to have on this park, not only the usual children's corners, the usual opportunity for girls' play, the activities of our young school athletes, our high school boys, but also features which will offer opportunity for wholesome recreation for the men and women of the city. There shall be something which shall attract parents as well as children. The first development needed is an enclosed athletic field which will best be constructed in the form of a stadium. Inside of this stadiimi there will be a regiilar running track, regular athletic field and a football field. On each side of this stadium will be situated a regular diamond, each with bleachers accommodating many hundreds of spectators. At the street side of a harbor will be situated a boat house. There should be an extension of the present bathing facilities. It is proposed to build a large openair structure, as well as a building suitable for girls' gymnastics; also a girls' field properly equipped.

"Dividing the diamonds on the main field and backing the stadiimi the main recreation building of this park will be situated. It will have a large shelter on each side. A music pavilion will be in the top of the structure and a band concert would readily be enjoyed by all of the people all over the park and along the river front; and the whole of Captain's Island should be fenced in to offer absolute control of the whole area."

These judicious plans prove that it is understood that children not only need a place to play, but also some guidance in the conduct of their play.

There is one peril which Cambridge is likely to encounter very soon. Increasing density of population will mean increase of land values and of rents, and the people will be packed in closer and closer quarters. All modem cities tend to multiply houses designed for more than one family. There is nothing inherently objectionable in the two-family, three-family or even the ten-family type of dwelling. It is well nigh the universal form of dwelling in European cities. It is increasingly the form in American cities. The objection to such houses lies only in permitting them to be built without proper regulation. It is already true that every American city has on its hands a serious housing problem. Tenement houses spring up before adequate restrictions have been thought of by the commimity. Rapidly evils develop: unhealthy premises, dark rooms, overcrowding, excessive rents, and other deplorable manifestations of the social life of modem cities

Some of the evils are peculiar to a single commtuiity, but most of them sooner or later are found in all cities. The chief underlying fact is that in nearly every case they are due to unnecessary neglect. There is usually a failure on the part of the municipality and of the citizens to recognize evil tendencies in their early stages. There is often an unwarranted feeling of confidence that all is right when they see little that is going wrong, or a false civic pride which deludes itself into thinking that everydomestic life. When a man has a home of his own he has every incentive to be thrifty, to take his part in the duties of citizenship, and to be a real sharer in the obligations and the privileges of the community in which he lives. Very few such separate houses are now being built in Cambridge. The apartment house, the "three-decker," the two-family house are taking the place of dwellings designed for the use of a single family.

thing must be satisfactory. This kind of ignorance is played upon by the greed of those persons who for the sake of larger profits on their investments are willing to sacrifice the health and welfare of helpless people.

The only really satisfactory way of living is in separate houses, each house occupied by a single family with a small bit of land attached, and always with a reasonable privacy and a sense of individuahty and opportunity for real

Cambridge is inevitably to become a city of growing density of population. The area is small, and the situation at the center of the metropolitan district has many and manifest advantages. There are already 105,000 people living on an area of only six and a half square miles. This means an average density of 25 . 1 persons to an acre - a density greater than that of almost any city in the country and exceeding that of Boston. More and more people every- where live in cities because they prefer city life. They find there the social and industrial relationships which they cannot find in the country districts. There are the opportunities for employment and for amusement. The shops, the theaters, the Hghted streets, the saloons, the churches, the different lodges and societies all have their attractions. There is but Httle vacant land now left in Cambridge and in some parts of the city there is already dangerous congestion. As the population multipHes, the serious Tiousing evils are likely to develop and none need be tolerated. Where they exist today they are a reflection upon the intelHgence and right-mindedness of the coihmunity. The city needs to profit by the mistakes of others, to study perilous tendencies, to be vigilant in forestalling e\nls, to act in time to keep the city a city of homes and not permit it to become merely a city of tenements.

Longfellow Park

city must see to it that the buildings which are erected for dwelling purposes are suitable for people to live in. Cambridge must prevent the growth of slums and forbid the creation of types of buildings which will later become a menace to the community. It must see to it that the dwellings of the poor are maintained in a sanitarj' condition, are kept in repair, and are provided with the necessities of decent Hving. If there has been neglect and carelessness in the past, the older buildings must be renovated and made fit for human habitation. If Cambridge is aUve to a growing danger, no of smoke, and the control of outdoor advertising. The time has gone by when the industrial preeminence of a city was crudely judged by the volumes of smoke pouring from the factory chimneys, the glaring prominence of the billboards and signs, and the network of overhead wires that shaded the streets. These are now recognized as nuisances that no progressive city will tolerate. It is more difficult, but equally necessary, to control building operations, to limit the height of buildings, to require that the designs of all public buildings receive the approval of artists, and to secure in the appearance of the structures on any given block or street a reasonable degree of harmony. Most of the chief European cities have adopted explicit regulations in regard to these matters, and their example deserves to be more generally followed in America.

The civic spirit of Cambridge has always been reUable. There is a keen and general interest in public affairs. The activities of the government are closely followed, and good citizenship is highly prized. If the public spirit of the community will provide the improvements which the new times demand and test Of new conditions; conquering civic wrong: Saving the state anew by virtuous lives; Guarding their country's honor as their own, And their own as their country's and their guard against the perils which new conditions have evolved, the future of the city will be worthy of its honorable past. It will justify the prophecy of Richard Watson Gilder's verses:

Defying leagued fraud with single truth ; Not fearing loss and daring to be pxire. When error through the land raged like a pest They calmed the madness caught from mind to mind By wisdom drawn from eld, and counsel sane; And as the martyrs of the ancient world Gave death for man, so nobly gave they life; Those the great days, and that the heroic age."

The Anderson Bridge extends across the Charles River and connects Boylston Street in Cambridge with North Harvard Street in Boston, gi\ing adequate accommodation for the traffic between Har\ard Square and the Stadium. It is the gift of Larz Anderson, a graduate of Harvard in the Class of 1888, as a memorial of his father, Nicholas Longworth Anderson. One of the conditions of the gift is that the inscription which is reproduced under the illustration of the Bridge shall be maintained in perpetuity by the city within whose boundary it occurs.

The Bridge, built of brick and concrete, corresponds in construction with the fence around Soldiers Field and also with the Weld Boat House, the latter a gift of the late George W. Weld (Harvard '60), the uncle of Mrs. Larz Anderson. The use of brick in the Bridge likewise carries out the Georgian spirit of the University buildings. The foundation is for the most part of concrete; but granite has been used for the base course where the structure comes in contact with the water and the ground. The concrete construction above the foundation is reinforced with steel.

The Bridge itself consists of three arches. The one in the middle is 76 feet wide, and measures 16 feet at its highest point. Each of the two flanking arches has a span of 65 feet, with a maximum height of 14 feet. The arches, piers, abutments and balustrades have carefully designed embellishments of brick-work. The side-walks are built of granolithic separated by strips of granite; the road-bed is made of wooden-block paving. The side-walks are raised very little above the level of the road-bed, so that the whole width of the Bridge may be used by foot passengers whenever occasion requires. Including the approaches, the Bridge is 440 feet long; and at the extreme end, with the tenfoot side-walk, 60 feet wide. A monumental staircase on the Cambridge side gives access to the parkway.

Nicholas Longworth Anderson was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, April 22, 1838, the son of Larz Anderson, and a nephew of General Robert Anderson, He was graduated at Harvard College in 1858, after which he spent about two years in study at the German universities. Returning to America in 1860, he began the study of law; but on the breaking out of the Ci\il War he enlisted as a private. On April 19, 1861, he was commissioned lieutenant and adjutant of the 6th Ohio Volunteers; on June 12, following he was made lieutenant-colonel, and in August of the succeeding year, colonel. He was with the Regiment in the West Virginia campaign, and shared in all the marches and long battles of General Buell, Rosecrans, and Thomas, being wounded at Shiloh, and again at Stone Ri\er and Chickamauga. On March 13, 1865, he was brevetted brigadiergeneral for gallant conduct at Stone River, and major-general for distinguished gallantry at Chickamauga. The war over, he completed his preparation for the bar, to which he was duly admitted at Cincinnati. Subsequently he removed to Washington. His death occurred at Lucerne, Switzerland, Sept. 18, 1892.

Rev. EDWARD ABBOTT, D.D. Abbott, Edward, Rev. D.D., for nearly thirty years associated with St. James Episcopal Chitrch, as rector and rector emeritus, was bom in Farmington, Me., July 15, 1841. He was the youngest son of Jacob and Harriet Vaughan

Abbott. He was prepared for college at the Farmington Academy and was graduated from New York University in 1860; this institution, moreover, bestowed upon him his doctor's degree in 1890. He was educated in theology at the Andover Theological Seminary and was ordained as Congregational minister in 1863. Prior to this, however, he spent some months with the Army of the Potomac, diiring the Civil War, in the service of the United States Sanitary Commission. Dr. Abbott was twice married. His first wife was Clara Davis, by whom he had one son and two daughters. Of these children, Mrs. Eleanor Hallowell (Abbott) Cobum of Lowell alone survives. Mrs. Cobum is a writer of short stories under her maiden name. In 1883 he married Katherine Kelley Dunning. Dr. Abbott organized the Steams Chapel Society, as a Congregationalist, which has since become the Pilgrim Church in Cambridgeport. He retired from his duties there in 1869 to become associate editor of the Congregationalist; from 1877 to 1888, he was editor of the Literary World, serving in the same capacity again from 1895 to 1903. During his early Cambridge experience, he was a member of the School Board, and was chaplain of the State Senate. In the seventies, through a gradual change in his religious views. Dr. Abbott was confirmed in the Protestant faith and was ordained deacon by Bishop Paddock, January, 1879. In the following year, on the twentieth of January, he was made priest, and became rector of St. James Parish. Here was Dr. Abbott's life work.

When he began his rectorship, there was only the Greenleaf Chapel in Beech Street. In 1884 a commodious parish house was erected. It is believed to be one of the first, if not the first, ever built for an Episcopal Church. In 1885, under Dr. Abbott's supervision, the parish purchased the comer lot, and in 1889, the new chvuch was built. Devoted as he was to his parish duties. Dr. Abbott nevertheless was the author of a number of books and stories among which are the following: "A Paragraph History of the American Revolution"; "Revolutionary Times " ; " History of Cambridge " ; " Memoir of Jacob Abbott"; "Phillips Brooks Memorial," 1900; "The Bells Own Story," 1901; "Mrs. James Greenleaf," 1902; "John Svimmerfield Lindsay, D.D."; "Memorial Sermon," 1904. His more important magazine articles were: "Lighthouses"; "The Galaxy," 1869; "The Parkman Murder," 1875; "Wellesley College," Harper's Magazine, 1876; "The Androscoggin Lakes," Harper's Magazine. 1877; and "Grand

In public life, Dr. Abbott filled numerous posts, such as "Visitor" to Wellesley College, Trustee of the Society for the Relief of Widows and Orphans of Clergymen; President of Associated Charities of Cambridge; President of Cambridge Branch of the Indian Rights Association; Member of the Missionary Council of the General Church; Member of Provisional Committee on Church Work in Mexico; President of the Indian Industrial League ; President of the Cambridge City Mission.

Dr. Abbott spent a part of his early life in Cambridge in a house since burned, which he built in Channing Street. It was the first dwelling in that now well occupied thoroughfare; and because from its windows he could see across the meadows to the Charles River, he gave it the name "Long Look House." In later life he lived at 11 Dana Street, the home still occupied by his widow. The services of Dr. Abbott as pastor were sought from time to time by a number of parishes away from Cambridge. Among such calls may be mentioned that to be rector of Christ Church, Detroit, Mich., in 1885 ; the rectorship of Trinity Chtirch, Columbus, 0., in 1888; and the superintendency of the Boston City Mission, in the same year; in 1889, Dr. Abbott was elected by the General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church to be missionary bishop of Japan. All these calls were notable, and suggested the type of man to whom they were extended ; in particular, the election to Japan opened a field of activity much to Dr. Abbott's liking; but he felt that his place was with his parish in Cambridge, and after careful consideration he declined the honor. Dr. Abbott resigned as rector of St. James Parish in June, 1905, but his resignation did not take effect until July 1, 1906, and even then was accepted with great reluctance by the Vestry.

His death occurred on April 5, 1908, but his memory is still green. Folio-wing a largely attended funeral in St. James Chiirch on April 7, the burial service was held in Brunswick, Me., on April 8. His resting-place is within sight of the campus of Bowdoin College and of the Library building which contains his Memorial, the Abbott Room. In Brunswick, members of his family had resided, and from Bowdoin, many of his ancestors had been graduated. In 1905, Dr. Abbott began the preparation of a history of St. James's from careful records which he had kept through many years. The manuscript was completed some time before his death and was published by the Vestry in 1909, under the title, "St. James Parish, Cambridge; Forty Years of Parish History." The picture of Cambridge as Dr. Abbott knew it - now nearly fifty years ago - is given briefly, but interestingly; and in all her growth and useful activities, Cambridge had no warmer friend than Dr. Edward Abbott.

William Robert Adams

Adams, William Robert, dry-goods merchant of East Cambridge for forty years, was bom at Derry, N.H., in 1839, and at the age of fifteen years he came to Cambridge, where he resided up to the time of his death, which occurred February 6, 1910.

He was a veteran of the Civil War, having entered the army at the age of twenty-three years. He served in Company E of the 44th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers for two years, being honorably discharged with the rank of corporal. In 1864 he re-enlisted for three months, at the end of which time he was honorably discharged and returned to his home in East Cambridge.

In 1870 he opened a dry goods store on Cambridge Street, East Cambridge. He changed his location after a few years, and located at 258 Cambridge Street, where he was located for thirty years. Altogether he was in business on that street for forty years, which was up to the time of his death.

He was prominent in Post 57, G.A.R., and for several years, until his death, served as chaplain and patriotic instructor. He had several times refused to become its commander. At the dedication of the Soldiers and Sailors Monument on the Boston Common, he took a very prominent part in the exercises. He was a member of the Cambridge Veteran Firemen's Association, of Lechmere Council, Royal Arcanum, and of the Knights of Honor, of which he was chaplain. He was also a director of the East Cambridge Savings Bank.

At the Trinity Methodist church, of which he was a member, he was one of the leaders. He had been treasurer of the church for over twenty years, and was also class leader and a teacher in the Sunday school.

where he was identified with the people's interests, will miss him, particularly the poor people of old Ward Three whom he always befriended.

Alexander Agassiz

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ Agassiz, Alexander, the son of Louis Agassiz, was bom at Neuchatel, Switzerland, December 17, 1835, his mother being Cecile Braun, a sister of Alexander Braun, Louis Agassiz's college friend. She was distinguished in many ways, but especially by her skill in drawing. Her father had already become known in the scientific world by his embryological investigations, and Humboldt advised him to visit America, which he did in 1846 - alone, because his circumstances were limited and the venture doubtful. He was, however, at once invited to deliver a course of lectures on "Comparative Embryology," at the Lowell Institute, and soon saw that the opportunities he sought werej,'to be found here, and he remained. In 1847jhis wife died, and Alexander, a boy of eleven years, came to Cambridge to live with his father. Later his father married Miss Elizabeth Cary, and this riveted the bonds which bound the son to Cambridge, where he for nearly half a century resided.

Alexander prepared for Harvard, and graduated in the class of 1855. Even then it was not made clear that he had his father's vocation, though he entered the Lawrence Scientific School for a course of engineering and chemistry, and got his B.S. in 1857. Meanwhile he assisted his parents in the girl's school which Mrs. Agassiz opened at the corner of Quincy Street and Broadway, for the times were hard and Professor Agassiz's investigations were costly and his professional income limited. After an extra two years' course in chemistry, Alexander Agassiz joined the Coast Survey, the great chief of which. Professor Bache, was one of his father's warmest friends. He was assigned to duty on the California coast, and found time to collect specimens for the Cambridge Museum in mines on the shore.

He spent the greater part of the winter of 1859-1860 at Panama and Acapuleo, collecting specimens for the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge. The next spring he resumed his work at San Francisco. After examining the mines in the interior of California in July, 1860, he returned to Cambridge, where he was appointed agent of the museimi. He then took the full course in the zoological and geological departments of the LawTence Scientific School. Previous to the absence of his father in Brazil in 1865, he had been appointed assistant in zoology at the museimi, of which he was in full charge at that time. In 1865, he also engaged in coal mining in Pennsylvania, additional to his work at home in Massachusetts.

In 1866 he was in the Lake Superior region as a mining expert. He was made treasurer of the Calvimet, and the next year general superintendent of both the Calumet and Hecla mines. He put in an immense amount of work for their development. People are accustomed to think of mining successes as windfalls, and certainly those who had a cue to go into the stock of the discredited "coppers" and bought the shares for the price of waste paper had great luck, but it took Mr. Agassiz fifteen hours a day for months and months to make the properties what they are. Once, after a long and irrepressible fire in the mines had raged for months, he had the happy thought of extinguishing it by blowing in carbonic acid gas. He was fertile in his expedients, scientific in planning, practical inexecution, and the millions that have enriched Boston, enlarged her charities and spread happiness all about the land were the direct gift of this man's wisdom and energy.

He afterwards went abroad to examine the museimis of the leading countries of Europe. When in 1870 he retximed to Cambridge he was made assistant curator of the museum. His father died in 1874, and Alexander succeeded him as curator. In that year he was also elected by the Alumni as one of the overseers of Harvard. Foiu- years subsequently he was chosen by the corporation one of its fellows. He resigned the honor in 1885, on account of bad health. Mr. Agassiz retained his connection with the museum, which he enriched by liberal gifts, and was director of the University Museimi at the time of his death. It is stated that in all he gave more than half a million dollars to Harvard University.

Mr. Anderson, the tobacconist, gave Professor Agassiz an island in the Elizabeth group - Penikese - for a simimer school, and Alexander Agassiz had charge of it in 1873. Through lack of funds for its maintenance, the school was abandoned.

Alexander Agassiz is next foimd exploring the west coast of South America - Peru, Chili and Lake Titicaca - sending home tons of specimens to the Peabody Museum; and in England assisting Sir Wyville Thompson to aixange the treasures brought by the Challenger, and securing specimens for his own musetun. Some results of his work in various parts of South America in 1875 are seen in the collection of Peruvian antiquities at the Peabody Museum.

Alexander Agassiz was for many years president of the Calimiet & Hecla Mining Company. The Academic des Sciences, Paris, awarded him a prize, and Cambridge University the degree of LL.D. In 1910 he received the Victoria Research Medal. He was a member of many scientific organizations in America and abroad, and the author of numerous works on marine zoology.

Louis Agassiz

thyology and the study of glaciers, was bom at Motier in the canton of Fribourg. He became in 1832 a professor at Neuchatel. In 1839 he began his never-completed Historie Naturelle des Poissons d'Eau Douce de V Europe Centrale, and published between 1833 and 1843 the five volumes of text (with five more of plates) of his Recherches sur les Poissons Fossiles. Between 1839 and 1845 he made (chiefly on the Unteraar Glacier in the Bernese Oberland) some of the earliest recorded observations on the motion of glaciers. Narrative accounts of their journeys were published by Desor in his two series of Excursimts et Sejours sur les Glaciers (1844- 1845); and Agassiz embodied his scientific observations in his Ettides sur les Glaciers (1840) and his Nouvelle Etudes (1847). His theory of glacier motion (dilation of water frozen in the crevasses) soon gave way, however, to that formtdated by Forbes (gravitation plus plasticity). In 1847 Agassiz accepted the newlyfounded professorship of natural history in the Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard University, a post which he held till his death, having in 1862 become a citizen of the United States. He made many scientific journeys in America (particularly one to Brazil in 1865), and in 1858 founded at Harvard the Museum of Comparative Zoology, which is especially rich in fishes. He assailed with great earnestness Darwin's evolutionary theory, which to the end he refused to accept. Agassiz's memory is preserved in the Alps by the Agassizhorn (12,980 feet), in the Bernese Oberland; in Arizona by a peak 10,000 feet, near the Grand Canon of the Colorado; in Utah by a peak in the Uintah range; and in North Dakota, Minnesota and Manitoba by the basin termed Lake Agassiz.

Besides the works mentioned, his publications include Contributions to the Natural History of the United States (foiur volumes) ; The Structure of Animal Life (1874); A Journey to Brazil (1868) . See his wife's Life and Correspondence of Agassiz (1886) and Marcou's Life, Letters and Works of Agassiz (1896).

employing more than five hundred persons and one hundred sewing machines in the manufactvire of ladies' garments. In January, 1868, Mr. Allen, having reHnquished the dry-goods trade, returned to Boston and estabhshed the Oriental Tea Company on Court St. In July, 1910, after transferring his interest in this business to his son and other junior partners, Mr. Allen retired altogether from active business life. While in Portsmouth, Mr. Allen was married to Miss Annie G. Scribner, of Gorham, Me.,

Frank Augustus Allen

FRANK AUGUSTUS ALLEN Allen, Frank Augustus, son of Horace O. and Elizabeth (Derby) AUen, was bom in Sanford, York County, Me., January 29, 1835. He received his education in the village schools of his native town and in the Academy at Alfred, Me. His father died when he was two years old, and at the age of seventeen years he left home and worked as a bobbin-boy in the cotton mills in Biddeford. From the age of eighteen to twenty-one he was a clerk in a dry-goods store; and in the spring of 1856, when he was twenty-one years old, he began the dry-goods business on his own account, at Saccarappa, Me. A year later he removed to Portsmouth, N.H., continuing in the same business, and three years after he sold out his retail business in Portsmouth, and entered into the wholesale dry-goods business in Boston. In 1863 he removed his business to New York, at one time who died in 1865, leaving two children, Annie E. and Herbert M. In 1866 he married Elizabeth M. Scribner. Mr. Allen came to Cambridge in April, 1871. He served in the Common Cotmcil in 1876 and 1877, the latter year as president of that board. He was Mayor of the city in 1877, and a member of the Board of Sinking Fund Commissioners from January, 1878, until January, 1912, and chairman of the Board dvuing the last ten years of this period of thirty-four years' service. Also a member of the Water Board from July, 1894, until June, 1899. Mr. Allen is a member of the Prospect Street Congregational Chtirch, and a No-license RepubHcan in politics. He has always been prominent in all plans for the improvement and development of Cambridge.

Oscar Fayette Allen

farmer, a native of Pomfret, Vt., bom May 13, 1814; died May 31, 1901, and was engaged in the farming business all of his life. He was a man of remarkable perseverance, had a ver}'

Allen, mother of Oscar Fayette Allen, was bom in Pomfret, Vt., April 23, 1919, and died June 6, 1S88. Her father, William, was a farmer and served in the Revolution.

Oscar Fayette Allen received his education in the common schools and in the Green Mountain Institute at Woodstock, Vt., now the Green Mountain Perkins Academy. When he was nineteen years old he began to teach in his own district school, the first term. The second term he taught in the (Chedel) district, near his home, and the third term at the Broad Brook district in Royalton. He then taught the No. 9 district at Sharon, and at East Barnard, Vt., and the fifth term again in his own district. In the fall* of 1867 he removed to Wauconda, 111., where he taught a year in the primary and high schools. He then removed to Cameron, Mo., and taught in the public and private schools for eight years. Here he became identified with the Congregational church and sang in the choir, and was superintendent of the Sunday school. In 1876 he came to Boston, and later accepted a position as salesman in Dodge's Ninety-Nine Cent Store on Hanover Street. After two years with that establishment he entered the Cambridge Savings Bank, where for seven years he worked as clerk and bookkeeper, and also served as paying teller. In 1884 he was elected treasurer of the institution, which position he now holds. He is also trustee and clerk of the corporation.

Mr. Allen resides at 39 Martin Street, in a beautiful home which he built in 1900. He attends the Unitarian church, which was the first church in Cambridge, being founded in 1633. He is a Republican in politics. He is a life member of Mizpah Lodge of Masons at Cambridge, joining May 13, 1889. He served as its Worshipful Master in 1900 and 1901, and also as auditor of the Grand Lodge of Masons of Massachusetts since 1901. He is a member of Cambridge Royal Arch Chapter of Masons, since November 13, 1891, and is also a life member of this body. He received his degrees of knighthood in the Boston Commandery of Knights Templars in Boston, April 15, 1903, and served as its treasurer in 1906 and 1907, although he has now resigned. He is a member of Signet Chapter, No. 22, of the order of the Eastern Star.

Mr. Allen is a charter member of the Cambridge Historical Society, which was chartered in 1905, and was treasurer of this society in 1905, 1906 and 1907; now resigned. He is a member of the Vermont Association of Boston, and of the Massachusetts Savings Bank Treasurers' Club, of which he was secretary four years, and a member of the Citizens' First Volunteers Association of Cambridge, Mass. This association annually banquets the first company of volunteers that enlisted in the Civil War, on April 17, 1861. He served in the Vermont state militia when a young man. He married October 20, 1865, Flora Viola Allen, bom April 2, 1844, daughter of Roswell Jr. and Mary (Snow) Allen of Pomfret, Vt. Her father was a farmer. They have no children.

James Barr Ames

Ames, James Barr, was bom in Boston. June 22, 1846; died January 8, 1910. He got his early education in the grammar schools of Medford and Boston and in the Boston Latin School. He received his degree of bachelor of arts at Harvard in the class of 1868, and entered the Harvard Law School, receiving the LL.D. degree in 1872. He won his A.M. degree in the same year. His honorary degrees were doctor of laws from New York University in 1898, University of Wisconsin, 1898, University of Pennsylvania, 1900, Northwestem (111.), 1903, and Williams, 1904.

In 1868-1869, instead of going directly from college to the law school, he taught in the private school of Epes S. Dixwell, in Boston. And, as it turned out, teaching was to be his life work, and was to be so well done as to place Professor Ames among the very first of American educators. He traveled in Europe for a year in 1869- 1870.

While in the law school he was first a tutor in French and German in Harvard College, 1871-1872, and the following year an instractor in history. He was admitted to the bar of Massachusetts in 1873.

He never practised, for, in the fall of 1873, he became assistant professor of law at the Harvard Law School. He became professor of law in 1877, and two years later was given the Bussey chair of law, April 9, 1879. He succeeded Professor Langdell as dean of the law school, June 18, 1895, and on January 26, 1904, he was transferred from the Bussey professorship to the Dane professorship.

Professor Ames developed the "Harvard" system, or "case" system, of teaching law, which is the best recognized modem method. A constant contributor to law reviews, he also wrote a nimiber of case complications which rank high among law text books. His essays on the history of the common law, however, probably gained for him the most popular fame.

Walter Irving Badger

WALTER IRVING BADGER Badger, Walter Irving, corporation attorney and lawyer, was bom in Boston, Mass., January 15, 1859. His father, Erastus

W.Alter Irving Badger

Beethoven Badger, was a son of Daniel B. and Anne (Clarke) Badger, and a descendant from Giles Badger, who came from England to Portsmouth, N.H., about 1750. Walter Irving Badger was a vigorous, athletic child and youth, brought up in both the city and country and fond of all kinds of sport. He played four years on the Yale University football team and three years on the Varsity nine, being captain of the latter. After passing through the Grammar and English High School in Boston, he was fitted for college at Adams Academy, and matriculated at Yale University in 1878, graduating A.B. with the class of 1882. He became a clerk in the law office of Solomon Lincoln in 1882, and, while serving as a law clerk he took the regular course in the law school of Boston University, graduating LL.B. Cum Laude, 1885.

His practice has included such clients as the Boston & Maine Railroad: the Travelers' Insurance Company; Henry H. Rogers, of New York City; the Boston Ice Company; the Boston Gaslight Company; the Cudahy Packing Company; the United States Rubber Shoe Company; the Jones and Laughlin Steel Company, of Pittsburg, Pa; the United States Express Company, etc. He was attorney for the gas company in the celebrated trial of the cases growing out of the subway explosion of March 4, 1897, and also for Mr. H. H. Rogers, in the litigation growing out of the gas war in Boston. He was married October 6, 1887, to Elizabeth Hand, daughter of Daniel and Frances (Ansley) Wilcox, of New Haven, Conn., and the two children bom of this marriage are Walter Irving Badger, Jr., and Grace Ansley Badger. Mr. Badger's political affiliation is with the Republican part}'; he has never changed his allegiance. He is a member of the Baptist denomination. His club membership includes the University of Boston, the Exchange, the New Algonquin, the Curtis, the Country Club of Brookline, the University of New York, the Yale of New York, the Eastern Yacht and the Boston Yacht.

Hollis Russell Bailey

HOLLIS RUSSELL BAILEY Bailey, Hollis Russell, law^-er and chairman of the board of bar examiners of Massachusetts, was bom February 24, 1852, in that part of Andover which in 1855 became the town of North Andover. His ancestry from James Bailey, who was bom in England and settled in Rowley about 1640, is as follows: James, bom (about) 1612, married Lydia; John Bailey, bom 1642, married Mary Mighill; James Bailey, bom 1680, married Hannah

Wood; Samuel Bailey, bom 1705, married Mary Rolf; Samuel Bailey, bom 1728, married Hannah Kittredge; James Bailey, born 1757, married Lucy Brown; Otis Bailey, born 1806, married Lucinda Alden. John Bailey of the second generation perished in 1690 in the expedition against Quebec under General Phipps, and Samuel Bailey, Jr., of the fifth generation fell at Bunker Hill.

Hoi.Lis Russell Bailey

the home of Anne Bradstreet, the first female poet of America. He was a farmer and butcher, a deacon in the Unitarian church, held several town offices and was a man of integrity, fmgality and public spirit. He married Lucinda Alden, daughter of Alden and Lucinda (Briggs) Loring, of Duxbury, Mass., and a descendant of Thomas Loring, of Axminster, England, who came to Hingham, about 1635, and of John Alden, who came over in the Mayflower in 1620. Thus Mr. Bailey on his mother's side inherits the toleration of

Hollis Russell Bailey was a strong and active child, fond of out-door life, including fishing and hunting, and from his earliest years was constantly engaged on the farm in strenuous manual labor when not in school. He claims that this mode of life had the effect to make him strong, self-reliant, industrious and persistent. His mother's influence in these early days also made for truth, sobriety and willingness to work.

His father's death, in 1866, increased the duties and responsibilities of the boy, and led him to form habits of self-reliance. His models and ideas of great men were derived from the reading of biographies and autobiographies. He attended the Punchard Free School, Andover, and the Johnson High School, North Andover. Until 1870 the young man did not have a collegiate education in view, but at that date the advice of Dr. Samuel Taylor, the principal of Phillips Andover Academy, led him to that decision; and it was the Academy where he fitted for college, graduating in 1873, fourth in his class. At the commencement he delivered a Latin oration. He received honors in Latin and Greek on his entrance examinations to Harvard.

He graduated from Harvard in 1877, standing eighth in his class. He was elected a member of the Phi Beta Kappa as one of the first eight, in his junior year at the Phi Beta Kappa exercises, and was second marshal in 1877. He did a good deal of tutoring throughout his college course and served as proctor. During his senior year, in addition to his regular work, he took two courses in the Law School and passed the examinations. He entered the Harvard Law School one year in advance, in October, 1877, and (the course then being two years) obtained his degree of LL.B.inJune, 1878. A further course of one year in the Law School gave him the degree of A.M. in 1879. He also studied law with Hyde, Dickinson and Howe. Speaking of his choice of a profession, he says : " I had no strong bent for the law. I could have pursued medicine or engineering with equal pleasure. The influence of my oldest sister. Miss Sarah Loring Bailey, largely determined my choice and first roused my ambition to seek success in the legal profession. Outside my own family, my college associates were probably the most helpful factors in stimulating and shaping my life."

He was admitted to the Massachusetts Bar in 1880, and began a general practice throughout New England, with an office in Boston at No. 30 Court Street. He served for a short time as private secretary to Chief Justice Horace Gray of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. He was married February 12, 1885, to Mary Persis, daughter of the Hon. Charles H. and Sarah A. (Oilman) Bell, of Exeter, N.H. Her father was at one time governor of New Hampshire and United States Senator. One child was bom of this marriage, Gladys Loring Bailey. They lived in Boston up to 1890, when they removed to Cambridge. He served as chairman of the City Committee of the Non-Partisan Municipal Party of Cambridge for one year, 1902; is conveyancer for the Cambridge Savings Bank; clerk of the First Church in Cambridge (Unitarian) ; in 1900, became a member of the board of bar examiners of Massachusetts, and in 1903, became chairman of the board. He was elected to membership in the Cambridge Club, and became its president. He is a member of the Colonial Club of Cambridge, where he served for a time as a member of the committee on admission; of the American Free Trade League; the Bailey-Bayley Family Association, of which he was president, and is now treasurer; the Bostonian Society, and the American Bar Association. He left the Republican party when James G. Blaine was nominated for president in 1882, and since that time has acted with the Democratic party.

He has written articles for the Harvard Law Review, and is the author of "Attorneys and their Admission to the Bar of Massachusetts." He assisted in the compilation and pubhcation of a volume of the Bailey genealog>'.

He received his early education at the primary and grammar schools of this city, and prepared for college at the Cambridge Latin School. He matriculated at Harvard with the class of 1898, but, completing the course in three years, graduated at the age of seventeen, with the class of 1897. He next studied civil engineering at the Lawrence Scientific School, received his degree of A.M. in 1898, and entered Harvard Law School, whence he was graduated in 1901. Ha\ang been admitted to the Bar in January of that year, he now became a member of the firm of Stone, Dallinger & Bancroft. His connection with it lasted till 1907. He had, in the meantime, been assistant district attorney of Middlesex County from 1902 to 1906. In 1907 he was district attomej^ for the same County.

At one time General Bancroft was among the most active trial law^^ers in the state, but in 1909 he gave up court practice to take the position of treasurer of the Boston News Bureau. He still maintains his office practice, however. He is a director of the News Bureau and the Massachusetts Fire and Marine Insurance Co., and also of the Central Trust Co. of this city.

from 1894 to 1909, when he was retired with the rank of major-general. He has been judge advocate general of Massachusetts. During the Spanish war he held a commission in the United States service as adjutant of the 5th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.

He married Mary A. Cogan on June 25, 1902. Her death occurred on October 29, 1903. He married his second wife, Jane W. Waldron, on January 15, 1907.

He is a Congregationalist. He is a member of the following organizations: the Chamber of Commerce, the Massachusetts Bar Association, the Union, the Union Boat, Colonial, Harvard (New York), and St. Botolph Clubs.

William Amos Bancroft

WILLIAM AMOS BANCROFT Bancroft, William Amos, president of the Boston Elevated Railway Company, son of Charles B. Bancroft, was bom at Groton, Mass., on April 26, 1855. He received his school education partly (1867-1872) in the Lawrence Academy, Groton, partly (1873-1874) in Phillips Exeter Academy. He then entered Harvard University, from which he graduated in 1878. After studying at the Harvard Law School (1879-1881), he was admitted to the Suffolk Bar in 1881. In 1882 he was elected to the Cambridge Common Council. He sat in the Legislature from 1883 to 1885. He served the city as alderman in 1891 and 1892, and as mayor from 1893 to 1896. General Bancroft was elected overseer of Harvard in 1893, and at the expiration of his first term in 1899 was re-elected for six years more. Having enlisted in the Massachusetts Volunteer MiHtia in 1875, he reached the rank of major-general after serving in the various grades. At the time of the Spanish War he was appointed brigadier-general of United States Volunteers. He was connected with the Boston Elevated Railway Company from 1885 to 1890. In March, 1896, he renewed his connection with this company, and has been president of it since October, 1899. General Bancroft is a director in the United States, Piuitan and Chelsea Trust Companies; a trustee of the Norwich University, Vermont; Lawrence Academy, Groton, Mass.; and Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire. He presided at the Massachusetts State Republican

Convention in 1893, and at the 120th anniversary of Phillips Exeter Academy in 1903; he was chief marshal of the Harvard Alumni in 1903, and grand marshal of the Veterans Coltunn in the Hooker Moniunent Parade the same year. He is president of the Mayors' Club of Massachusetts, Cambridge Club and New England

Alumni of Phillips Exeter Academy; a member of the Cincinnati Order of Foreign Wars; Order of Spanish War, and the following clubs : Union, Commercial, Exchange, Art, Colonial (Cambridge) and Middlesex. His marriage to Miss Mary Shaw took place in Boston, 1878.

John Edward Barry

JOHN EDWARD BARRY Barry, John Edward, mayor of Cambridge, was bom on September 18, 1874, his parents having long been residents of Cambridge. He was named for his two uncles, brothers of his mother, and as he was "Eddie," as a child, so he continued to be known by his middle name, until many of his friends did not know that it was not his only one.

all the grades he finished in St. Thomas Aquinas college. Incidentally, Mr. Barry is the first graduate of St. Mary's School to be elected mayor of Cambridge.

A course at a Boston commercial college fitted the young man for entrance into business life. He lost no time selecting an occupation and decided in favor of the railroad business. As a boy he went into the passenger and freight agency of a large trunk line and rose to the position of clerk. He mo^-ed about the railroad offices of Washington Street, increasing his acquaintance and the number of his friends, and, accordingly, received successively better offers, until eleven years ago, he was placed in charge of the New England toiurist department of the Wabash Railroad, with headquarters in Boston. As the agent for the Wabash, it is Mr. Barry's business to persuade and induce persons contemplating a trip to the west or southwest to take his lines. He has been singularly successful in securing patronage, and he arranged for the trip of the Massachusetts delegates to the Denver convention of the Democratic party in 1908.

began to engage modestly in the game as soon as he had a vote. There was always some candidate in whose success he was interested, and he worked heroically soliciting votes for many men who since have reciprocated.

There came a time when he aspired to office, and it was with ease that he was elected to the Common Council from Old Ward 2 in the fall of 1900. Two years he served in the lower body of the City Council, and when he had completed that term he was advanced to the Board of Aldermen. In 1903, 1904 and 1905 he sat in the Board of Aldermen, and during the latter year he was its president.

During 1906 he was a member of the House of Representatives from old Ward 2, and he was courageous enough to try for a second term in a district which had then been made Republican by a normal majority of 1,200. No Democrat was assumed to have a chance in that district, but when the votes were covmted Mr. Barry was defeated by only 83, which shows the hea\^ RepubHcan following he had.

As he did not propose to move out of his home ward in order to reach Beacon Hill again, Mr. Barry had about settled down to the life of an ex-office holder when he was importuned to be a candidate for alderman again. He was returned to the Board of 1908, ending his service in April, 1909.

Two years ago Mr. Barry made his first try for the Democratic nomination for maj^or, and when Mayor Brooks was selected he entered into the campaign a loyal supporter of the party candidate. He did not oppose the renomination of Mr. Brooks, but when the Mayor expressed an intention to retire, Mr. Barry entered the field and became the Democratic candidate.

Probably no candidate for maj^or ever had a more enthusiastic body of volunteer workers or a larger band than were enlisted in the campaign for mayor. Without request and with no instructions from the candidate, scores of young men canvassed the city, conducted a door-beU campaign, rounded up voters on the streets, in the stores and on the cars. Everyone spent his own money in i\Ir. Barr>''s behalf, so strong was the admiration for him.

crease the amount of taxable property as a city of homes merely. It is essential that if we are to add to otir valuation the increase must come from industrial plants.

"It is my hope as Mayor to encourage the location of manufacturing plants in Cambridge. We have large tracts in the northern and eastern sections of the city that offer very attractive industrial sites.

"We hold out to manufacturers good railroad facilities, the privilege of water transportation and proximity to Boston. I believe that manufacturers consider it an advantage to be located near Boston, and in that respect Cambridge is near enough to satisfy anybody.

"I beHeve that much may be accomplished through the co-operation of the city administration and the Citizens' Trade Association. If we strive to secure more manufacturing and endeavor to induce the people who now work here to live in Cambridge we shall be doing a work that means increased business for oiu" merchants as well as an addition to oiu- valuation."

He has little use for the street car lines which pass his door, for Mr. Barry's chief form of recreation and exercise is walking. Being an ardent fresh-air advocate, he usually walks to and from his office, and on the coldest and most blustering days he may be seen tramping across the West Boston Bridge.

Mayor Barry did much to bring about the settlement of the Amherst Street controversy. The question of closing this street threatened at one time to deprive Cambridge of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Mr. Barry is a member of the Elks, Knights of Columbus, Catholic Union and St. Mary's Catholic Association, and was elected president of the Association of Railroad and Steamship Agents, January 6, 1912.

Beal. His father was bom August, 1845, and is engaged in the grocery business in Danvers. Henry W. Beal received his early education in the public schools of his native town and fitted for college at Phillips Academy. He entered Harvard College as a member of the class of 1897, and, though working his way through, graduated with his class, receiving his degree, Summa Cum Laude, as well as highest honors in history and political economy. After leaving Harvard he took up the study of law at Boston University Law School, and

Henry Williamson Beal

Admitted to the bar, he began to practice law with Col. J. H. Benton, at 102 Ames Building, Boston. One of the noteworthy incidents of his career is that he secured the necessary authority of city, county and state boards to permit the building of the Industrial Track at East Cambridge; this is the only track of its kind in the state of Massachusetts. Mr. Beal is a Republican in politics and was a member of the Cambridge Board of Aldermen in 1909 and 1910. He was a candidate for another term in 1911, but the tidal wave that swept away all the Non-Partisans carried him with it, though he polled a very large vote. He married, June 12, 1902, Miss Bessie Helen Roper, daughter of George H. and Maria L. Roper. They have one child, Bruce Hilton Beal, bom November 17, 1907. Mr. Beal attends the Congregational Church, and is a member of the following organizations: Colonial Club, Cambridge; Boston Real Estate Exchange; Alumni Associations of Harvard; and Phillips Academy Andover Alumni Association.

Henry M. Bird Henry M. Bird

world by industry and enterprise, was bom in Easton, Mass., October 24, 1824, and died in Cambridge, December 27, 1890. He was married to Sarah A. Clark, who was bom in Acworth, N.H., March 2, 1827, and died August 30, 1895, five years after his death. He was educated in the public schools, where he received a good training, and was fully equipped for starting out in the world to make a name in business for himself, which he did most successfully. He entered the employ of the Chelmsford Foundry Co., at North Chelmsford, Mass., in 1840; there he remained for some time, and then went to work in the Navy Yard at Charlestown, Mass., where he stayed for a number of years, during the last two of which he was foreman. In 1864 he established the Broadway Iron Foundry in Cambridge. He lived to see the plant grow to be one of the most prosperous concerns of Cambridge. His estate carried on the business until 1895, when it was incorporated under the Massachusetts laws. Mr. R. C. Bird was made president, and W. W. Bird, treasurer. The plant comprises a foundry one hundred by one hundred and fifty feet in area, with pattern and fitting shops, and gives steady employment to fifty men. The present Broadway Foundry differs greatly from the foundry established in 1864 by H. M. Bird, yet does resemble it in one respect, for it is equipped with the most improved facilities of the day, just as the original foundry was with the best facilities known nearly half a century ago. To do good work at short notice and for fair prices has always been the policy of the Broadway Foundry.

Mr. Bird was always very active in church affairs, and for a number of years was a deacon in the North Avenue Congregational church, and later filled the same position in the Prospect Street Congregational church. In the latter years of his life he was an ardent supporter of the Prohibition party. The children bom to Mr. and Mrs. Bird are as follows: Charles A. Bird, now with the Albany Sand Company, of New York; George H. Bird, Congregational minister in Chicago; William W. Bird, professor of mechanical engineering at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute; and Robert C. Bird, who is manager of the Broadway Iron Foundry.

Marshall Franklin Blanchard

MARSHALL FRANKLIN BLANCHARD Blanchard, Marshall Franklin, merchant in Boston, and resident of Cambridge, was bom at Wellfleet, Mass., being the son of Marshall L. Blanchard by his wife Phoebe H. Bunting. His father was bom at Charlestown, Mass., in 1824, his mother at Wellfleet, and both died at

Newton, Mass. Marshall F. Blanchard was educated first at the public schools of Swampscott, Boston and Newton, and afterwards at Bryant and Stratton's Business College. When he had completed the course of studies at this place, he entered the employ of Bunting & Emery, of which firm he is now a member. He has been president of the T Wharf Fish Market since 1902. In national politics he is a Republican; and in municipal, a Non-Partisan. He served the city on the Board of Aldermen from January, 1902, to April, 1911, when he volun- tarily retired, and thus terminated an honorable career of five years in that branch of the City Government. Mr. Blanchard married Emma, daughter of William D. A. Whitman by his wife Emma Paty. Mrs. Blanchard was bom in Boston and so was her mother; her father was a native of Waltham. The marriage took place at Newton. Two children were bom of this union, Arthur F. and Helen. The daughter is dead. Arthur, bom at Newton in 1881, attended the Dana, the Harvard, and the Latin Schools of Cambridge, entered Harvard, and graduated in 1904.

William F. Bradbury

Bradbury, William Frothingham, Master Emeritus of the Cambridge Latin School, was bom in Westminster, Mass., May 17, 1829. He is descended on his father's side from Thomas Bradbury, of Essex County, England, who was bom in 1610, settled in Salisbury, Mass., in 1639, and died in 1695. The line of descent is as follows; (2) William, 1649-1678; (3) William, 1672-1756; (4) James, 1701-? ; (5) Sanders, 1737-1779, killed in the Revolution; (6) James, 1767-1811; (7) William Sanders, 1800-1881. William Sanders Bradbury, the father of the subject of this sketch and a merchant in Westminster, was bom in HoUis, N.H., and attended the common school there. He was a Congregationalist, serving as deacon for many years. In politics he was first a Whig and later a Republican. He served in the Legislature of Massachusetts, in 1844, and was a trial justice for his district. Elizabeth Emerson, his wife, was bom in HolHs, N.H., July 29, 1800, being a descendant of the Rev. Daniel Emerson (1743-1801), the first minister of HoUis, N.H., through (2) Deacon Daniel Emerson, born December 15, 1746, and (3) the Rev. Daniel Emerson, 1771-1808. The /atter's wife was Esther Frothingham (1770- 1849), and her father. Major Frothingham, who was bom in 1734, served through the Revolution, became a major, entered the honorable ranks of the Cincinnati, and died in 1809. General Washington visited him when on his last tour north, the only special call made by him when in Charlestown. Mr. Bradbury often heard his grandfather say that he remembered being carried out of Charlestown when the British were going to set it on fire. From 1844 to 1848, Mr. Bradbury was employed as clerk in the country- store and post-office of Hollis, N.H.; in 1848, was land surveyor for that place and its vicinity, and taught in the district school during the winters of 1848 to 1854. He had never thought of going to college until May, 1852; so, when he entered

Amherst College in August of that year it was without any special preparation. He worked his way through college by teaching during the winters, and graduated as valedictorian of the class of 1S5G, his brother being the salutatorian of the same class. The Cambridge school committee had not seen him, yet before his graduation he was elected teacher of mathematics and physics in the Cambridge High School at a salary of nine hundred dollars, and entered upon the work of the position on Monday, September 1, ISofi. There were five teachers, two men and three women, and two hundred pupils at that time. Early in April, 1857, the master having died, Mr. Bradbury was appointed acting-master for the remainder of the year. On November 10, 1865, he was elected Hopkins Classical Teacher, which position he continued to hold nearly forty-five years. In April, 1881, Mr. Bradbury was elected head master of the Latin School, but at the same time held the mastership of the English High School until the following September. He resigned December, 1908, from the Latin School. Thus, for more than fifty-three years he served the city as a teacher, and for thirty-three years as the head of one of its most important schools. On his retirement from the head of the Latin School, Mr. Bradbury was made Master Emeritus of the Latin School.

Mr. Bradbury has been active in professional and many other organizations, serving most acceptably in various positions of honor and trust. He is an ex-president of the Middlesex County Teachers' Association, of the Massachusetts Teachers' Association (1879-1880), of the Cambridge Choral Society (1874), of the High School Masters' Club (1885-1886), of the School Masters' Club (1898-1899), and of the American Institute of Instruction (1901-1902).

He has been secretary and treasurer of the Classical and High School Teachers' Association since its organization in 1868, of the Teachers' Association since October, 1867, treasurer of the Teachers' Annuity Guild since April, 1893, of the Friday Evening Club since 1880, and of the Cambridge Club since 1882. He has been a member of the Handel and Haydn Society since 1864, and its president since May, 1909, having been on the board of directors twenty-five years, and secretary from 1899 to 1909. He served in the common council of this city for the years 1883 and 18S4, and is an Independent Republican in politics.

During the fifty-three years and five months "of Mr. Bradbury's career as teacher in Cambridge, he was absent on account of illness but two days; he has not had a doctor since 1849.

Mr. Bradbury, on August 27, 1857, married, in Templeton, Mass., Margaret Jones, a daughter of Abijah and Phoebe Jones. Abijah Jones was a carriage maker and served as captain in the militia. Mrs. Bradbury is a graduate of Mt. Holyoke College. Three children were bom of this marriage: William Harvard Templeton, bom July 28, 1858, graduate of Harvard College, wool broker; Marion, bom December 1, 1863; Margaret Seymour, bom September S, 1877, graduate of Radcliffe College, teacher in the Cambridge Latin School. Mr. Bradbury, in addition to being the author of many text-books on mathematics, is the inventor of several school appliances, including a device for illustrating the metric system.

Edward J. Brandon

Brandon, Edward J., City Clerk of Cambridge, was bom in a small country town of Ireland, Jvdy 15, 1863, and came to this country with his parents, John and Margaret Brandon when he was but two years old. After living in Boston a few months the family removed to Cambridge. Edward attended the Cambridge public schools until he was graduated from the grammar school, and then entered the Boston College preparatory school. After graduating from the latter school he entered Boston College, but in his junior year left college to take a position in the counting-room of the New England News Company. He was rapidly promoted in this office, and in 1882 was made assistant cashier.

He resigned this position with the News company when he was elected assistant City Clerk of Cambridge, January 12, 1887. The election was by the City Council in joint convention to fill an unexpired term, and was not made until the tenth ballot. The following March, however, he received the unanimous vote of the Council for the ensuing year, and since that date was always unanimously elected.

Mr. Brandon was elected City Clerk in October, 1895, upon the death of City Clerk Walter W. Pike, and has been re-elected year after year up to the present.

From the very first of his work as a city official, Mr. Brandon became interested in historical Cambridge and the preservation of public records. He was one of the founders and members of the first council of the Cambridge Historical Society, and at the request of that society has compiled a volume of the "proprietors'" records of Cambridge, covering a period from 1635 to 1829, and a volume of the selectmen's records of the town of Cambridge, covering a period from 1630 to 1703. Both of these volumes have been highly commended by historical and genealogical societies.

Mr. Brandon has always been an ardent worker in the Father Mathew Total Abstinence societies. He was first grand knight of the Cambridge council Knights of Columbus.

Mr. Brandon was married to Miss Mary A. Corcoran of Cambridge, September 18, 1890, and has three children; Margaret J. Brandon, the elder daughter, who is a graduate of the Notre Dame Academy of Boston; Edmund J. Brandon, the only son; and Mary A. Brandon.

he began the study of law, taking a few lessons in an evening school. He completed the course by studying at home and in a law office, and was admitted to the bar of the Massachusetts Supreme Court in special sitting in August, 1905.

Silas Edward Buck

Buck, Silas Edward, one of the publicspirited citizens of Cambridge, son of Silas Beaman and Mary Elizabeth (Smallidge) Buck, was bom in Cambridge, Mass., May 20, 1847. He was a pupil in the public school of Cambridge, and his first business position was with Parker, Wilder & Company, the wellknown commission dry goods merchants of Boston. He remained with this firm for nine years, and at the end of that time opened a store in East Cambridge for the sale of gentlemen's furnishing goods at retail. He conducted this business for three years, and then engaged in the coal business in connection with the firm of Joseph A. Wellington & Company, and he was with this firm for nine years, when he was offered a partnership, and on May 1, 1887, the firm of Wellington & Buck succeeded daughter of Nehemiah Wellington, of Middlesex County, and cousin of Austin C. Wellington (q.v.), of Cambridge, and Frederick W. Wellington, of Worcester, Mass. Silas Edward and Ellen Antoinette (Wellington) Buck had no children. They resided in Cambridge, and have a summer home at Jaffrey, N.H. Mr. Buck was a member of the New England Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Putnam that of, Joseph A. .Wellington & Co., and the business was continued at 211 Bridge Street, East Cambridge. On the death of his partner, Joseph A. Wellington, August 1, 1888, he continued the business alone, but retained the firm name under which he was carrying it on in 1907. Mr. Buck was married November, 1874, to Ellen Antoinette, daughter of Joseph Abbott and Ellen (Smith) Wellington, grand-

Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons; and of the Cambridge Chapter Commandery Knights Templar. He became a trustee of the East Cambridge Savings Bank, and a member of the common council of the city of Cambridge in 1889, and a member of the board of aldermen of the city in 1890. Mr. Buck died at his summer home, Jaffrey, N.H., August 28, 1908, survived by his wife.

Willard Austin Bullard

and Harriet (Loker) BuUard, was born in Wayland, December 14, 1837. He was educated in the public schools of his native town, and at the age of eighteen began his business career as a clerk in the Faneuil Hall Bank, of Boston. In 1861, when the Harvard Bank of Cambridge,

He was elected president of the First National Bank in 1896, succeeding Daniel U. Chamberlin after his death. He had been cashier for many years, and had had much of the responsibility of its management for thirty years or more. Mr. Bullard was called upon to act as trustee and executor of many important estates. He stood high among the financial men of then a state bank, began business, he connected himself with it and was identified with it until his death. It was reorganized a few years later as the First National Bank of Cambridge, under the National Bank Act, finally resuming a State charter under the name of the Harv^ard Trust Company. Mr. Bullard rose through the various positions in the bank to the head.

New England, and was interested in many of the important industries of Cambridge. He was president of the Cambridge Gaslight Company; treasurer and director of the Allen and Endicott Building Company of Cambridge; a director of the Boston Woven Hose Company; was formerly a trustee of the Cambridge Mutual Fire Insurance Company; was a trustee of the

Cambridgeport Savings Bank; a director of the Home for Aged People of Cambridge; trastee and treasurer of the Cambridge Hospital, from its organization; trustee of the Dowse Institute; trustee of Daniel White Charity, which distributes coal to the poor of the City; a director of the West Point (Georgia) Manuf acttiring Company ; a director of the Riverdale Cotton Mills; and a director of the Chattachoochee Valley (Georgia) Railroad Company.

He was a member of the Cambridge Club, and attended the Unitarian Church. He had a summer home in his native town, Wayland. He married Susan Matilda Bennett, daughter of Jonas Bennett. His children are: (1) Amy CeHnea, bom March 10, 1862, who married Herbert C. Wells; (2) Henry Willard, bom December 2, 1863; . (3) Gardner Cutting, bom January- 17, 1866, graduate of Har\'ard, 1889; (4) Arthur Bennett, bom July 20, 1872; (5) Channing Sears, bom December 20, 1879, died January 8, 1907.

Arthur A. Carey

ARTHUR A. CAREY Carey, Arthur A., was bom in Italj-, February 23, 1857. He is the son of John Carey, Jr., and Alida Astor. His early Ufe was spent in New York, where his parents made their home. He matriculated at Harvard, and in 1879 was graduated. He then spent several years in Europe. In 1889, his marriage to Miss Agnes "\^Tiiteside took place, and they chose Boston as their place of residence. Mr. Carey became interested in the Museum of Fine Arts and the ]\Iassachusetts General Hospital. Later, in 1898, he came to Cambridge, and is a resident of this city at the present time. Social betterment work absorbs a large part of Mr. Carey's attention now: he has founded a settlement house in Waltham for the employees of the Waltham Watch Company, and sen-es as a tmstee. His children are Henry Reginald, Arthur Graham, Alida and Frances.

Hans L. Carstein

HANS L. CARSTEIN Carsteix, Hans L., coal merchant for a number of years at North Cambridge, was bom in Schleswig, Germany, March 17, 1841; died at his home, January', 1911; son of Glaus P. and Margareta (Detlefsen) Carstein. Glaus P. Carstein was a fanner and land owner, and during the war between Prussia and Denmark, in 1848, he was in command of a military company, and it was through political differences, that he was obliged to leave Germany, in 1850, and seek refuge in the United States. On his way from New York to California by way of Panama, he was a victim of yellow fever dying at Panama, in 1851. His property was confiscated and his family lost its usual income. His son, Hans L., under the custom of Germany, received a commercial education, and he then went to sea before the mast, and after fifteen years' sea service came back to Germany, master of the ship. The Franco- Prussian War having closed, he brought his mother and sister to the United States to join a brother who had preceded them. They arrived in Boston, Mass., 1871, at the time of the great Chicago fire, and his first work was one of philanthropy, to collect clothing for the relief of the sufferers in that city, making appeals for help on Boston Common, and receiving not only clothing, but provisions and money. He joined his brother Theodore in the paint and oil business on Hanover Street, Boston, and, meeting with business reverses in 1873, during the financial panic of that year, they gave up the business two years later. Meantime, his sister Theresa had married Frank Canter, who was in the provision business in Jamaica Plain, and in closing out the paint and oil business he joined him as a partner in 1874. He bought out the coal business of Benjamin F. Rogers at North Cambridge, and from an output of two thousand tons annually he built up the business so that in 1910, the output was over forty thousand tons annually. He married (first), in 1876, Ida Peterson, a daughter of a German Lutheran clerg>-man, and they had one son, Gustave E. Carstein, bom July 24, 1881, in Jamaica Plain, Mass., and he was prepared for college, going through Harvard, class of 1905, and on leaving college engaged in business with his father, as manager of the yards. Mrs. Carstein died in 1S81. He married (second) June 17, 1883, Magdalene, daughter of the Rev. C. F. Doring, a German Lutheran clergyman. By this marriage his children were: Lorenz F., born May 14, 1884, graduated at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. In 1906, he was assigned to the Asiatic Squadron at the Philippines. Hans L., Jr., bom in Cambridge, Mass., October 13, 1885, who after leaving school took a three years' course at Culver Military Academy in Indiana, graduating as a commissioned officer, first lieutenant-quartermaster, preparatory to engaging in business with his father and elder a congregation of between sixty and seventy German families, residents of the neighborhood of the mission house. With his family he was connected with St. James church. North Cambridge, from 1888, and he was made treasurer of the church corporation. He was a member of the Pilgrim Fathers, Young Men's Christian Association of Cambridge, and held the offices as director, trustee and treasurer of the organizations. He was also trustee of brother. Gretchen, bom in Cambridge, Mass., October 22, 18S8, was prepared for entrance to Smith College, Northampton, Mass., at the Gilman school, Cambridge, and at Burnham school, Northampton, Mass. Mr. Carstein became a layman and lay reader in the Episcopal Protestant church, of which his family were also members, and he conducted mission work in East Cambridge from 1891, in connection with the church of the Ascension, where he conducted service every other Sunday, and the Pitchman Estates in Cambridge. He was a member of the Cambridge and Colonial clubs, and in the Middlesex Republican club. He was a member of the common council of Cambridge, 1899, and alderman for six consecutive years, 1890-96, and in 1896 he refused further nomination on account of ill health. As a member of the board of aldermen he was a member of the finance committee, and the highway committee, all special committees and chairman of the investigating committee.

A History Of Cambridge. Massachusetts

In the board he advocated the extension of the Boston Subway to Cambridge, being the first member to open the subject on committees, and for three years he was chairman of the committee appointed to act on behalf of the city government, and before he left the board the matter was practically settled and the subway assured. In this connection he invited fifty of the most prominent citizens of Cambridge to meet at the City Hall and confer with him and Mayor Augustine Daly, and after several meetings it was unanimously voted that the subway system was far superior to the elevated system for securing effective and reasonable rapid transit from Boston to Harvard Square. Mr. Carstein was made a delegate from the eighth Massachusetts district to the Republican National Convention at Chicago, in 1904, as an acknowledgment of his work in the interest of the party in Cambridge. He composed a campaign song which was received with rousing cheers when sung to the air of "Die Wacht am Rhein," by the delegates, when Theodore Roosevelt was nominated, the chairman of the Massachusetts delegation having provided five thousand copies with both words and music printed for distribution in the Convention Hall. Few men, indeed, pass on whose death is so generally and so sincerely mourned as that of Hans L. Carstein. While he had been in failing health for some time and the end was not unexpected, the realization at the present moment that he is gone is none the less an occasion for sadness and regret. His honesty and kindliness, whether in business or social matters, surrounded him with friends and associates whose respect for him only increased as time went on. Mr. Carstein was most fortunate in his home surroundings. He made his home and his family circle the happiest place that he or any member of it could know. Even when an incurable malady fastened itself upon him, his cheerfulness did not desert him, and his weakness was borne with a coitrage that showed his abiding serenity of spirit. What this meant to him and to Mrs. Carstein and to all those whom he met in his native land on his trip abroad can well be imagined. Cambridge parts sorrowfully with such a man as Mr. Carstein, who spent here an active

Clarke, Dr. Augustus P., who was one of the leading physicians of the University City, was bom in Pawtucket, R.I., September 24, 1833, being the son of Seth Darling and Fanny (Peck) Clarke, both lineal descendants of the earliest Puritans who were among the most influential settlers of Plymouth, Boston, Dorchester, Hingham, Roxbury, Dedham and Mendon in Massachusetts, and Providence, Newport, Portsmouth and Warwick, in Rhode Island. His father was of the eighth generation in descent from Joseph Clarke, who with his wife Alice came with the settlers comprising the first Dorchester companj^ that embarked at Plymouth, England, March 20, 1630, in the ship Mary and John. He was the ancestor of the late eminent Professor Edward H. Clarke of the Harvard Medical School. Dr. Clarke's mother was of the sixth in descent from Joseph Peck, who came in the ship Diligent from old Hingham, England, to Hingham, Mass., 1638. Among his ancestors who may be mentioned on his mother's side, was Dr. James Tallman, a physician in Portsmouth, R.I., in the early part of the eighteenth century. He was the son of Peter Tallman, who was general solicitor of the Colony; commissioner and deputy of Rhode Island. Abraham Staples was another ancestor who served in Captain Poole's company in the war against King Philip, in 1675. Another ancestor on his father's side was Rev. Ebenezer Kencks, ordained pastor of the First Baptist church of Providence, in 1719. Still another paternal ancestor was David Thompson, who settled in 1619 on Thompson's Island, Boston Harbor, prior to the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. He was a " Scottish gentleman, scholar and traveller." Among the other direct lineal descendants may be mentioned Richard Everett, who was also the ancestor of the late orator Edward Everett, and Maturin Ballou, Universalist preacher and author. Another ancestor on his father's side that may be mentioned was Geary Pufler;

Dr. Clarke attended the public schools in his native state and fitted for college in the University Preparatory School, Providence, R.I., where he entered college receiving the degree of A.M. from Brown University in the class of 1861. Before leaving college he began the study of medicine under the direction of Dr. Lewis L. Miller, a graduate of Brown, who at that time, was the most eminent surgeon of Rhode Island. Dr. Clarke received his degree M.D. from the Harvard Medical School.

On September 30, 1861, he was appointed Assistant-Surgeon of the 6th Regiment New York Cavalry. He served in the Peninsular Campaign under General MacClellan, was at the siege of Yorktown and in that concatenation of Seven Days' Battles including those at Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Peach Orchard and Savages' Station in June, 1862. On June 29th (1862) he was on duty at the great field hospital at Savages' Station, and realizing that the hospital would soon be captured, he preferred to remain caring for the wounded, and thus, though on duty, to become a prisoner of war and to endure all the hardships incident to such trying service, than to abandon the many helpless victims to the unready hands of the enemy. By his persistent efforts he was allowed to continue for several weeks' attendance on the wounded until all were dulj' exchanged.

He was promoted to the rank of full surgeon in the same regiment on May 5th, 1863, and served under General Dix in an expedition against Richmond in the spring and summer of 1863, and under General Meade with the Cavalry Corps in the Rappahannock Campaign and in all the operations of the army of the Potomac in the autumn of the same year.

On the opening campaign of 1864, undertaken by General Grant, Dr. Clarke was appointed the surgeon-in-chief of the Second Brigade, First Cavalry Division, and was on duty in all the operations undertaken by General Sheridan of that year.

Division, and was with Sheridan in his "colossal raid" from Winchester to Petersburg, and in the Battle of Five Forks and other battles until the surrender of the enemy at Appomatox Court House, April 9, 1S65.

During his four years' service, the war records show unmistakably that he participated in ninety-two (92) battles and engagements with the enemy. He was commissioned at the close of the war, on recommendation of his superior officers, brevet-lieutenant colonel

Dr. Clarke next spent some time in study at the medical schools and hospitals in London, Paris and Leipzig, returning in 1866 to Cambridge, where he soon estabHshed himself in practice of his profession and where he resided.

He was a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society; of the American Academy of Medicine, and was the chairman of the committee of arrangements at its meeting in Boston, 1906; member of the American Medical Association, and was vice-president of that body, now numbering seventy-five thousand members, in 1895-96, and was chairman of the section on physiology', 1897. He was vice-president of the Pan-American Medical Congress, at its meeting at Mexico City, Mexico, 1896. He was elected by the Russian Board, honorary president of the XII International Medical Congress held at Moscow, Russia, by invitation of his August Majesty, the Czar of Russia, 1897. He was also honored in 1890 by an invitation to contribute a paper which he read before the International Medical Congress, in Berlin, Germany. This paper was favorably received and an abstract of the same was at the time published in some of the German Medical Journals. He was a founder of the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, in 1888, and wrote original and valuable contributions to its yearly published volumes for twenty years. He was a founder of the Cambridge Society for Medical Improvement, and was its secretary from 1869 to 1874. He was a member of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States, member of the New England Historic-Genealogical Society. He was a member of the Boston Medical Library Association.

He was a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, his great-grandfather. Captain Ichobod Clarke, having served in that war in the army under General John Sullivan in Rhode Island, 1777-78, and his grandfather, Joel Peck, having served in Captain Thomas Allen's company under the same general commander. He was a frequent and authoritative contributor on subjects coimected with his chosen profession to medical societies and journals. He was the author of a volxmie "Clarke's Kindred Genealogies," 1896, and author of a volume, "Transactions of the Gynecological Society of Boston," written while Secretary of that body, 1901-1905, and of a "Book of Poems, 1896." He was a member of the Military- Order of the Loyal Legion and was elected a member of the Council, 1895-1896. He was a member of the Cambridge Club, of the Boston Commandery Knights Templars, of the Amicable Lodge, F. and A.M., and member of Cambridge Lodge, No. 13, I.O.O.F. ; member of the Boston Brown Alumni Association, and of the Harvard

Medical Alumni Association, and charter member of the Post 56, G.A.R. He was a member of the Cambridge common council, 187 1-3, serving on the committee on finance, etc., and a member of the board of aldermen, 1874, serving on the committee on health and other committees. He was soon subsequently most influential in effecting the establishment of an independent board of health for Cambridge, as now organized.

He married in 1861, Mary Hannah, daughter of Gideon Gray, the fifth in descent from Edward Gray, of Plymouth, Mass., who married, January 16, 1651, Mary Winslow, daughter of John and Mary (Chilton) Winslow of Mayflower fame. By Dr. Clarke's marriage he had two daughters, Inez Louise and Genevieve Clarke, both educated in the arts at Radcliffe College, and both in medicine at Tufts College Medical School, where each received the degree of doctor of medicine. They are now in active practice of the profession. Mrs. Clarke died May 30, 1892. Dr. Clarke issued in 1911, the second edition, enlarged, of his original poems, entitled "A Volume of Original Poems."