Youngstown City (part 12 of 33)

Fpliraim M. ligcnfntz. M. IV. was Nirn of pioneer stock in the village of New Middletown. Mahoning county. Decemln-r 14. 1S55. s..!i of Frederick and Fli/aU-lh 1 Miller) I'ljenfrit/. He is great grands. .11 of a Ilesst an soldier who came to America in the employ of Great Britain during the Revolutionary war Captured hv the Americans, he learned from them the true can-e of the quarrel, cast in his lot with tl fin and fought in l>ehatf ot Independence, after the war was over receiving a government grant of IO0 acres of MtM ' in Pennsylvania. He d cd. at Little 1 "rkthat state, at an advanced age. The subject of this sketch was educated in the public schools of his native place, where he remained until he was twenty-three years of age. He then liecame a student at Poland Seminary, and afterwards taught school one term in Springfield township. He began to read medicine at New Middletown in 1875, and subsequently entered the Eclectic Institute at Cincinnati, Ohio, from which he was graduated January 24. 1878. Beginning practice at Edinburg. Pennsylvania, on March 4, 1878. he remained there until April. 1887. On September 13th of that year he came to Youngstown, and has since l>een numbered among the progressive memljers of the medical fraternity in this city. He is a member of the Ohio Eclectic, and Northeastern Eclectic Medical Societies. He was a member of the Medical Auxiliary Committee at the World's Fair in 1893. In July. 18c/). he married Miss Grace Black of Youngstown.

Prank S. Mcrwin, M. D., was born at Nelson, Portage county, September, 1868, son of Van Btiren and Sarah A. (Dilley ) Merwin. He was educated in the schools of Portage and Trumbull counties, and at the high school in Youngstown. from which he was graduated in 1886. He was graduated from the Western Reserve University at Cleveland in 1893. and has been in general practice in Youngstown as physician and surgeon. He is a member of the State and County Medical societies, and is a constant student of everything connected with his profession. In politics he is a Republican. He belongs to various fraternal societies. He was married, in 1804. to Miss Mary Barclev, who died in 1890, leaving a son - Clayton B. E)r. Merwin was again married, in Novemln:r. iqco. to Miss Nellie Turner, daughter of Edward H. Turner of Youngstown.

Howard B. Hills. M. !).. was born in Cincinnati. Ohio. June _'q, 184c), son of Townsend and Eli/a (Cochran') Hills. He received a good Iiterarv education, ami was graduated M. D. at the Pulte ( Homeopathic | Medical College in 1888, He began the prctice of his profession at Cincinnati, where he remained for three vears. during which time he was ad- 'S junct professor in the eye, nose, ear, and throat clinic of Pulte Medical College. He is widely recognized as a socialist in diseases of these organs and has practiced as such in Youngstown since 1891. He is a close student, and a frequent contributor of articles to medical journals. Though a homeopathist,

! terns, but avails himself of all scientific means of curing disease. He is a member of the Mahoning County Medical Society, the Ohio- State Medical Society, and the American Medical Association; also of the Society of the United States Pension Examining Surgeons. He has served as president of the staff of Mahoning Valley Hospital. He was married, in 1881, to Miss Alice D. Smith, daughter of

- Kotheimer. He was given a good education in his native land, graduating from the University of Giessen, from which he received a medical degree. In 1883 he came to America, accompanied by a brother and sister. He settled in Cleveland. Ohio, where he learned the English language, and was graduated from the medical department of W'ooster University in February. 1885. In the same year he began practice at Brier Hill, Youngstown. of w hich city he has since remained a resident. He is a mcml>er of the Mahoning County and the Ohio State Medical Societies, and has served as a member of the Board of Education and as Unite* 1 States Pension Examining Surgeon tor the past sixteen years. He was married, in 1886. to Miss Amelia Deibel, daughter of Christopher Deibel of Youngstown.

William P. Love. M. I).. was horn in Poland township. Mahoning county. Ohio, in 1870. He was educated at the Northwestern Ohio Normal College, at Canfield, Ohio. Volunt Academy. Pennsylvania, and Grove City College. Pennsylvania, where he was graduated from the classical ami military departments in 1893. One of the three honor men in the military department, he was rec I'lnmemled to the adjutant -general of I'enr- sylvan in and to the adjutant-general of the United States army as a distinguished cadet. As an officer in the cadet corps lie saw actual service at the time of the Homestead strike. In the fall of 1893 he began his medical education in the college at Baltimore, and in 1896 wns graduated from the medical department of the W estern Reserve College at Cleveland. Still later, to perfect his medical education, he took curses at the |» >st-graduate college at New York, the Xew York Polyclinic, ami the Philadelphia I'olyclinic. He came to Youngstown in Xovemher. iS»;o. In .August. 1X97. he was app< inteil captain and assistant surgeon in the Fifth Infantry. O. X. G. May 4. 180.8. he was pro-noted to the rank of major and surgeon of the same regiment. Five days later he was commissioned as surgeon of the Fifth Regiment, with the rank of major, and served in camp with that command at Tampa and Femandina. Florida, until September 01 h < i tlie same year. The rest of the doctor's military record may he found elsewhere in this ' volume. lie is an active member of the 'Association of Military Surgeons of the United States,

- Jay H. Kadley was bom at Paw Paw . Illinois. October 16. 1863. His medical education was acipiired at the College of Physicians and Surge :is. Chicago, Illinois, which now fuans the medical de]inrtment of the University of Illinois, and he was graduated from that institution February J<>, l8X<). He begnn practice at Hinckley. Illinois, and afterwards followed his profession for some time in Brooklyn and New York City, before settling in Youngstown.

F.dwnrd P.rinkerhoff was born at Grand View. Fdgar county. Illinois. August JO. 18M, He read merlicine at Dudley. Illinois, and was subsequently graduated M H. at a

I Cincinnati Medical College in June. r886. Ikbegan practice at Hristolville, Ohio, coming to Youngstown aUnit one year ago. He took a post-graduate course in Chicago in 1895. and another in Xew York City in 1905. He is a memlter of the Xortheastern Fxlectic Medical Society, also of the Trumbull county Medical Society, and has held the office of United States pension examiner at Warren, that county. Dr. Rrinkerhoff has lately left Youngstown, but contemplates returning at an early date.

I i86t. He was educated at Pearsol's Academy. Fdinl>oro. Pennsylvania, and was graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College, at Philadelphia, in May. iS<>-. Before coming to Youngstown he practiced for a while at Mansfield and at Savannah. Ohio. He is engaged in general practice, giving special attcn-

James Allen Cross. M. D.. was horn in T ronto. Canada. Oct> lier 18. 1XO5. He studied medicine in Toronto and also in London. Kngland. and was graduated M. D. at Toronto in 18X8. He began practice at Marton. \*ictoria, Australia, ami afterwards followed his profession for a while at Ci|>e Col-

Victor V Wick. M. D.. was liorn in CoitSville. Mahoning county, Ohio. May 21. 187(1. lie pursued the study of medicine at Geneva College. Heaver Falls, Pennsylvania, where he was graduated li. S. in 1897. and at Jeffers 111 Medical College. Plnladeliihia. where he received his degree of M. 1 ). in i<k>o. He is a memlier of Mahoning County Medical So-

Thomas J. Arundel. M. D.. was lx>m at Auburn. Cayuga coitnf Xew York, July 4. 180S. He w as graduated M I >. at the AlUany Medical College. Union University. Allvuiy. Xew York, m 1897. and took a post-graduate course at London. Fnghnd. in 0*04. He has been engaged in the practice of his profession in Youngstown since July, 1897. He is a member of the Mahoning County Medical Society, and the Ohio Stale and American Medical Associations. He was treasurer of the local organization in 10x16-07.

Julia March-Raird. M. D.. was horn at New Franklin, Stark county, Ohio. March 17, 1864. Dr. Baird received her literary educati. 11 ;it Mt. Union College. Alliance. Ohio, being graduated in the class of 1887. U11 May 8. 1806, she was graduated from the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, and began practice at Boston. Massachusetts, where she was resilient physician in the New England Hospital for women and children. She is engaged in general practice, with special attention to the diseases of women and children. She is a memlier of the Mahoning corntv. Northeastern Ohio. Union Medical, and State Medical Societies

Lebanon U. Howard. M. D.. was l>orn in Ellsworth. Mahoning county. Ohio. February 24. lXs<> He is a member of one of the oldest families in the county, his grandfather having settled in Poland township in 1803. and removed to Ellsworth in i8if>. He was graduated from the Ohio Normal Universily in 18X3, and has the degree of M. S. from that institution. He studied medicine at the Western Reserve University. Cleveland. Ohio, where he was graduated March 1. 1893. After practicing for a while in Parkman, Ohio, he came to Youngstown, where he has since followed his profession. He is a member of the County Medical Society.

Roliert H. Barnes, born in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, in 184:;, was graduated at the Jefferson Medical College. Philadelphia, in 1870. He liegan practice at Wheatland. Pennsylvania was afterwards a physician in Coal burg. Ohio, ami subsequently settled in Vonngstown. where he has since been engaged in the successful practice of his profession. Me is a member of the Mahoning County Medical Society, which he has served as president, and of the Ohio State Medical Society. He is also medical examiner for several insurance companies.

John M. Shaffer, M. D., was born at Franklin, Pennsylvania, May 2, 1873. He studied his profession at the Ohio Medical University, the New York Post -Graduate Medical School and Hospital, and the New York Polyclinic, and was graduated M. D. at Columbus. Ohio, in 1898. Before coming to Youngstown he was engaged in practice for a while in Sandusky, Ohio, and at Shawmut. Pennsylvania. He is a memlier of the Flk County Medical Society. He was chief surgeon for the Shawmut Mining Company, at Horton City, Elboti, Drummond. Shawmut. and Cartwright. Pennsylvania: surgeon for the Youngstown Foundry & Machine Co. ; surgeon for the Sandusky Portland Cement Co. ; and for the Warren Electric Light Co., Iiesides other industrial and manufacturing concerns: also for the P. S. & N. R. R.

John W. Keppel. M. D.. was born at Tiffin. Ohio, -April _>i. 1855. He was graduated M. D. from the medical department of the Western Reserve University in 1886. and came to Youngstown after some previous practice at Old Fort and Greensprings, Ohio. He is a memlier of the Seneca Medical Society. I>esides having other society affiliations.

William Aldovar Mctzger. M. D., was born in Chicago. Illinois, Novcmlier 22. 1871. He was graduated from the Rush Medical College at Chicago, in 1896, and began practice in his native city. Before coming to Youngstown he practiced his profession for a while in Phoenix. Arizona, lie is a member of the Illinois State Medical Society.

Bertram B. McF.lhany. M. 1).. was horn at Sharon. Pennsylvania, October 29. 1872. He was graduated from the medical department of the Western Reserve University in June, k/xi. Before coming to Youngstown he practiced for a white in Cleveland, Ohio, where he was physician to the Fresh Air camp, and afterwards in Jamestown, New York. He is a member of the County. State, and National Medical Associations. He is surgeon for the Haselton Blast Furnaces.

History Ok Mahon'Ixc Couxty

vcrsity, from the medical department of which lie was graduated June 14. ] <yo< >. Before coining to Youngstovvn lie lirnl previous practice 111 Akron and Dayton, Ohio.

Daniel Waruock 1 taker. .M. iV. was born at New Sheffield, Pennsylvania, Octolier jo. i86j. He was graduated M. D. at Cleveland, Ohio. March .''». iSoo. and licgan practice in Y'oungstovv 11 April -, of the same year, lie is physician to the Mahoning count) jail.

Isaac M. Beatty, M. D.. was l*>m at Yellow Springs. Greene county. Ohio. He studied medicine 111 Jeffcrsonv illc. Delaware and i lev e land. Ohio, and in I004 was graduated M. D. at the C lev eland University of Medicine an<l Surgery, locating first in Shalersville. 1'ortage county. ()hir>. he practiced there, and in W ayland and Niles before >ettling in Youngstown. Kor some tune Iteforo entering the university he was engaged as a professional nurse. 1 le is a member of the Ohio Slate Medical Society, the Eastern Ohio Medical Society, the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical Society, ami the international Hahnemann Association. He was relief surgeon in Cleveland for the .\--o<;iated Bethel Charities, and was assistant surgeon in the general surgical and gynecological clinics. I lr : ( -pei .it'i'ii! 1 ' [',11 urgic 1! dica-cs .if women and children.

John P. Kenny. M. D., was U.rn at Pittsburg. Pennsylvania. June J<: 1X73. He studied medicine at the Western University of Pennsylvania and was graduated M. D. March |6. /8</<. Before coming to Y< uing-t« >w n he practiced medicine i. r some time 111 Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.

Raymond Edward Whelan, M. D.. was born in Youngstovvn. Ohio, .November 27. 1K09. He studied his profession in Xew V>rk City. Baltimore. Maryland, and Cleveland, Ohio, and was graduated from the medical department of the Western Reserve University at Cleveland in iSoo. After two years' hospital service there he came to Voungstown, and began practice He was five years commissioned officer in the medical corps of the United States army, in the United Stales and foreign service. On leaving the army, he returned to Youngstown. where he has since been engaged in the practice of medicine. He is a memltcr of the Mahoning County Medical Society, the Union Medical Society, Ohio State Medical Society, American Medical Association, and other medical organisations. He is assistant visiting' surgeon of the staff of the city hospital.

Arln S. Green. M. IV, was b.rn at Johnso.nville. 'I'rumbnll county. OJiio, in J Sr x j. In l&jX he was graduated from the Cleveland 1 Ohio) Homeopathic Medical College, ami liegan practice in Young-town on June 11th of the same year. He gives special" attention to gynecology, and i- a member of the American Institute of Homeopathy.

Robert Dixon Gibson. M IV. of the medical firm of Gibson & Harwell, was born in Youngstow n. Ohio. October 18. 1855. He was graduated M. D. June 1NX0. from the medical department of the Western Reserve University, and subsequently took pist-gradoate courses in tlie medical schools of Xew York arid Philadelphia, He liegan practice in Youngs;, ,wti ,,, ism. Since 1 Noo his prae tice has heen limited to diseases of the eye. ear. no-,- amj throat. He is a nieuuVr of the Mahoning County Medical Society, the Ohio State Medical Association and the American Medical Associate n

Sol M. Han/ell. M IV. was born in Giranl. Ohio, in 1870, His medical education w is obtained at the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia. Pennsylvania < vyhere he graduated in tool 1. in Berlin, Germany, and is a member of the medical firm of Gibson & Ilartzell, bis practice being limited to the eye. ear, nose, and throat. He is assistant oculist and aurist to the Youngstown City Hospital, medical examiner of the Equitable Life Insurance Company and of the Travelers Life and Accident Insurance Company. He is a member of the Mahoning Countv Medical Society and of the Ohio State Medical Association.

James H. Bennett. M. D., was l»orn at North Sewickley, Pennsylvania, September 23' '859- He was graduated in medicine from the Western Reserve University in 1887, and liegan practice in Youngstown, where hehas since been a progressive member of the medical fraternity. He has served nine years on the Board of Education, and is a member of the Mahoning County Medical Society, and of the American Medical Association.

William L. Carroll, M. D., was born at Toronto, Ohio. November 20, 1868. He studied medicine at the Baltimore Medical College, where he was graduated in 1894, and at the Philadelphia Polyclinic. He settled in Youngstown after a previous practice of five years in Toronto. Ohio. He gives special attention to diseases of the eye. ear. nose, and throat. He spent one vear as house surgeon of the Wills Eye Hospital. Philadelphia. He is a memlnrr of the Mahoning County Medical Society, Ohio State Medical Society. American Medical Association, the Eastern Ohio Medical Society ( which he has served as president), and the Toronto Medical Society.

Charles A. Moore, M. IX, was l*>rn at Marvsville, Ohio, December 2. 1850- After reading medicine in his native town, he entered the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati, where he was graduated M. D. in 1884. After some previous practice in Columbus, Indiana, he came to Youngstown, of which place he has since remained a resident. lie is a member of the Ohio State and Northeastern (Eclectic) Medical Societies. He is a specialist in diseases of the eye. ear. nose and throat.

Hopkins Medical College, Baltimore, Maryland, and at Starling Medical College. Columbus. Ohio, where be was graduated May 10, 1904. He has since practiced in Youngstown, Ohio. He is a memlwr of the Mahoning and Portage County Medical Societies.

Louise Santoro Cervone, M. D., was horn ; at Mantua, Ohio, April 17, 1878. Dr. Cer- ! vone studied medicine at the Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons. Cleveland, Ohio, where she was graduated May 2, 1900, and has since practiced medicine in Youngstown. Dr. Cervone took a post-graduate course at the Mothers' and Babies' Hospital, New York City.

Harry A. Zimmerman was lx>rn in New Middletown, Mahoning county. Ohio, July t, 1859. After studying medicine in Cincinnati, Pittsburg. Baltimore, and Chicago, he was graduated at Miami Medical College, in 1888, and began practice in Youngstown in the following year. He is a member of the County, State, and National Medical Associations, and is an associate of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine.

Consuelo Clark- Stewart, M. IX, was born in Cincinnati. Ohio, July 22, i860. Shestudied medicine in Cincinnati, as a privote pupil of Dr. Elmira Y. Howard, and at Boston University School of Medicine, being graduated M. D. at Boston June 4. 1884. She has since practiced her profession with much success in Youngstown. She is a member of the Alumni Association of the Boston University School of Medicine.

Elmer W. Coc. M. D., was born at Charlestown. Ohio, May 7. 1871. He was Graduated M. D. at the Ohio State Medical University March ig, 189/1. and l»egan the practice of his profession at Wclsbfield. Ohio, subsequently removing to Youngstown. He belongs to the County. State, and National Medical Associations, por some time he was United States pension surgeon at Chanlon. Ohio.

Frank T. Hamilton. M. 1).. was lx.rn in Mercer county. Pennsylvania, Septcinlicr _>=;, 1876. He was graduated M. 1). at Hahneminn Medical College and Hospital. Chicago,

Illinois, in Iq04. ami has since practiced mcdicine in Youngsti .vvn. He is nu-ilicnl examiner for several insurance compiiies and lor Mora Hive. Ladies of the Maccaliees.

AlkTt L. King, M. D.. was burn at Unity. Columbiana county. Ohio. April _>.|. 1844. He was graduated at the I inemnati Medical College in 1870. Regan practice at New Springfield, Ohio, removed to Columbiana, whence he subsequently came to Y. .uugstovv 11. where he was endued 111 general practice until his death, which occurred July ioo'i He was a niemlier of the Cut. >u Medical Society, and of the Mahoning County Medical Society. He was United States (xrnsion examiner, and was general surgeon for the Mahoning Valley Railway Company,

Prank S. Myers. M. I)., was bom at Macungie. Lehigh county. Pennsylvania. August 1. i.S(h). lie studied medicine at the Haitimore Medical College, and at tfle Me, lie > Clumrgical O liege. Philadelphia, being graduatcd from the first-named iii-liluti- -« in 1807. He hail been principal for five years of a Hit-It Sclio. .1 in Pennsylvania. He U-gan medical practice at Reading. Pennsylvania, m 1X1)7, but since July. 1 S« |S. has been numbered among the medical fraternity of Youjlgstown, Ohio. He is a member of the County. Slate and National Medical Associations.

I.ani.iit I'., Smith.. M. IV, was I1..111 at Mercer. Mercer e. .fatty. Pennsylvania. \V>- vcn'.b.r 4, 1 >'~5- He wa» graduated M, 1) at the Cleveland. I b tit'. > .palhie Medical College at ( Iceland. Ohio, 1:1 |8.,K. and began practice in that city. Thence he went to Allegheny. Pennsylvania, from that place he came subsequently t.. Y' .nngst. >wn. where he is now engaged in die practice of his profession.

KmIkti A. Mchard. M 1) . was born in Wmtemburg. Lawrence entity. I Vruisv h .lira. March 10. 1*7-'. He was graduated ftoin Miami Meihcrd College at Cincinnati. Ohio, Mav I, I'KiJ. and began the practice ot meltcine at Stcihcuv die, Ohio. After a short stay there he settled in Y itngstown. of which city ],t. is now a resident practitioner.

L, R Towr.lev, M I)., was K.rn at Meadville. Pennsylvania. August 17. 1 85 1. His literary education was acquired at the State Normal School of the Tvvdith District of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in 187'; and at the State University, from which he received the degree of LI.. LI 111 1871). He received hi- medical diploma from the Cleveland Homeopathic Hospital College at Cleveland. Ohio, March >8<jO, and has practiced his profession m Youngstovvu for ! the past fifteen years, after having had some previous medical e\|>ericnce in litiffalo. New York, and Scrantoii. Pennsylvania.

R. M Morrison. M. IV,' was In.rn at W'urtemburg. Pennsylvania. Septemlicr ->8. 1S7J. He was graduated at the \\ e-tcrn University of Pennsylvania. March _>t. 18.(5. and U-gan practice 111 Youngst. >wn. May 1st. of the same year. He is a member of the Comity. State and National Associations.

Charles A. Pettiford. M I)., was born at IndianajKilis, Indiana. July .'4. 1807. He studied lits proiession at the Indianapolis Kelcciie ( 1 "lege of Physicians and Surgeons, and at the Indiana Medical College, and was graduated M. I). March J4. iXo.-. He fore coming to Youngstowu he practiced in Springfield. Illinois, indtana|H.lis. Indiana. I'octsntouth, Ohio, Chillicthc. Ohio. Lancaster. Keutr.cky, and Harrodsburg. Kentucky. He is a member of the < Hi;.. Medical Association.

W illram I". Ran/. M IV. was Is. ,11 in Hamilton i-.-mity Ohio, March 1*7.< He was graduated M. IV at the Miami Medical College. Cincinnati. Ohio, m iK.fi), and 1>egan the practice of Ins profession m Cincinnati, i He was assistant surgeon at the Ohio Sailors' and S oldicis' Home, in Kric co'.intv. Ohio, for th.ree veais. afterwards coining 1 oungstown. He is a member of the County and Slate Medical \ss. -ciations.

W allace U. Rvall. M. IV. was tx>ni in Jacksonville. Pennsylvania, August 17. 1S74. He acquired his medical e.hvaiv .it at the Western University of Pennsylvania. Pittsburg. Pctiir-v l\ anta. where he \va- graduated M. March 1 8. ,7. Previous 1, bis advent in Youtigstovv-i he practiced in Hurbink. Wayne

William Haverfield Taylor, M. D.. was born at Oberlin. Ohio, Octolier y. 1878. He acquired his medical education at the University of Michigan, and at Rush Medical College. Chicago. Illinois, at which latter institution he was graduated in lyoj. After some preliminary practice at Xiles in ii>oj, he came at Youngstown. where he lias since licen mimliercd among the progressive physicians of the city. He received the degree of A. I!, front Oberlin College. He was surgical interne at Lakeside Hospital. Cleveland. Ohio, and medical interne at the Youngsiowu City Hospital. He is a member of the County and State Medical Societies.

Jennie P. Turner] M. D., was born in Cincinnati. Ohio, January j6. 1X74. Her medical studies were pursued in Cleveland and Philadelphia, and siie was graduated from the Cleveland Medical College in 1808. She is now engaged in the successful practice of her profession in Youngstown. Ohio,

V. D. Victs, M. D., was born at Fowler. Ohio, July 1 1, 1.S71. lie 1-. a graduate of the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical Institute, obtaining I,:- dtp'. IT-.i i'i IK.,;. I k- |M - .itice 1 a. tict-d bis profession 111 Youngstowii. giving special attention to the diseases of women and children. lie belongs to the Northeastern Ohio Eclectic Medical Association.

J. Scarneccliia, M D., »a> ls.ru at Ilarrea. Aqti., Italy. December 14. 1867. He was graduated 111 medicine at the Royal University of Naples, Italy. August c,. [goo, and was authorized to practice in the state of 1 >luo after examination held 111 t'oluntbus at the Stale Hoard .,-f Medic. d Registration and Examination, in June, iyoi. lie is a niember of the County and State Medical Societies.

John J. Louis. M. I),, was lurn in Rutland county. Vermont, January jo. 1853. He is a medical graduate of the University of Michi- 1 gan, class of 18S1, and has practiced medicine in Youngstown since the fall of that year. He belongs to the local Medical Society.

Edward H. Hake. M. I.)., was lx»rn at Vienna. Ohio, Octolter Jt. 1873. He was graduated from the Hahnemann Medical C ollege at Philadelphia. April jo. tyot : and took a post-graduate course at Dunham Medical College at Chicago, graduating in April. U)OJ. He began practice at Church Hill, Ohio, and subsequently followed his profession for a while in Niles before coming to Youngstown.

John S. Zimmerman, M. I)., was Wu at McKeesport. Pennsylvania. April 1. 1864. He obtained his medical degree at the Western Reserve University in tS'is. and has since practiced in Youngstown, Ohio. He is a mcuilier of the County Medical S- ciety.

t barles 1. Maiste'.l. 1 i 1 < >.. was i» 111 a! Fairview, Mercer county. Pennsylvania. October J4. 1875. He liegan the study of his pnifcssion at Kirksviile. Missouri, and was graduated there, at the American School of Osteopathy, in June. iS</». He is in partnership with Dr. Nellie M. I .slier, in the firm of Marstellcr & Fisher. He is a member o( the Ohio Osteopathic Association, and ai the

Nellie M I isher. 1). < >.. was U.ru in W'auwatos.i, Wisconsin. September J^. 1874. She was graduated at the American School of Osteopathy, at Kirksviile. Missouri. June JJ. 1904. She liegan practice at Watrwalosa. W tsconsin. and subsequently tollowed her profession for a while at Shar-n. i'eiinsxU.ania. She is now in partnership with Dr. C I.. Marstellcr. m the linn of Marstellcr & Fisher, osteopathic physicians. She is a member of the State and National Osteopathic Associations.

I.. d'Orvillc Chahut. M. D-, was U.ru in Paris. France. 111 iXi.-h. lie studied medicine in Paris, and a I so at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. Pennsylvania, where he was graduated in ittm. Pcf ae coming to N onngslown be practiced for a while in Philadelphia, lie was also assistant surgeon in the

George Urinton Sturgeon, M. 1).. was l*>m near Portsmouth, Ohio, in December, iSo,}. After previous medical study in Wadsworth. Ohio. Columbus, Ohio, and Cleveland. Ohio, he was graduated at Cleveland in iSuj. and began practice in that city. He also followed his profession for some time in Hartsgrove. Ohio, subsequently coming to Youngstown,

Dr. John D. Reese is a native of W ales, and came to America in 1887 at the age of thirty-two years. He had worked in rolling mills in his native land, and after coming to Youngstown continued in that occupation for some five years. The nature of his employment had given him some practice in amateur surgery, even in his early years, and had moreover given a bent to his mind which was to determine his future career. He gave up mil! work and entered upon the practice of minor surgery, at the same time applying himself to gain a fuller theoretical know ledge of the subject in the works of standard authors. He lias since acquired a considerable reputation in lus special field of activity, and is one of the l>est known citizens oi Youngstown. He is a ,V<I degree Mason. He was married in Wales to Sar: ii K ' 1:1 1 il-, and lie an I !ns v 1 le an ill-, parents of live children. Further biographical mention of Dr. Reese is made in another part of this volume.

Presbyterian Church

The Presbyterians of Redstone (1781) and Ohio (1798) were the first organized west of the Allegheny mountains. The First Presbyterian Church of Youngstown l>elonged originally to the Presbytery of Ohio, but liecame a part of the Presbytery' of I£rie when the latter was erected by the Synod of W est Virginia, October 2. 1801.

This embraced all the churches and settlements north and northwest of the Ohio and Allegheny rivers, extending from Beaver, Pennsylvania, on the south, to Lake Erie on the north, and from the Allegheny river on the east to Canfield, Ohio, on the west. The population was mainly Presbyterian. The Youngstown Church remained in this connection until 1808. when it was included in the newly organized Presbytery of Hartford. In 1839 it was received undrr the care of Trumbull Presbytery, of which it was a mcml>cr until the formation of Mahoning Presbytery in 1870.

The exact date of the organization of the Youngstown church is not known, the earlv records being lost. William Wick and Joseph Badger were the first regular preachers on the Reserve. The latter was sent west by the Connecticut Missionary Society. 'and held the first

Presbyterian service at Warren in the fall of 1800. Baptist services had previously been held at that point, but no church society was organized. Mr. Badger says in his journal that he reached Youngstown in the latter part of December, 1800, and "arrived at the cabin of Rev. Dr .Wick about dark. I was received by this brother and sister as a familiar friend. William Wick was settled in charge of three small settlements, Hopewell, Ncshannock and Youngstown a few weeks before I reached the Reserve.*' Mr. Badger preached at Youngstown on the last Sabbath of the year 1800. It is possible that the church had not then been formally organized. The late Calvin C. Wick, youngest son of Rev. Mr. Wick, stated that he had been informed that the organization took place in May, 1800; that his father had preached in Youngstown early in 1799. and that an occasional sermon had been given by a pioneer minister of Western Pennsylvania as early as 1798, in Youngstown or vicinity, at a private house.

At any rate, in 1801, Mr. Wick was released from the pastorate at Ncshannock and installed over the congregation at Youngstown for half his time.

History Of Mahonixc Cointy

stood aU.nt .it the present intersection of Wood and .Market streets. This house was occasionally use.! for public meetings, and also fur tile village school. It served a useful purpose tmtil t8%,j. when a new structure was built on East Federal street, Iietwccn Chatnpion ami Walnut streets. The first elders were Caleb Baldwin and William Stewart, the former of whom died in 1K1 ?. the latter. Octoljcr 28. 1831. Other elder, elected durin.tr the pastorate of Mr. Wick were W illiam McClelland, elected 1805. withdrew tS.V>: Samuel Rrysoti. elected iM>. died iX.-jj; John Duncan, elected 1**.. resigned 181.-5; John Nel son. elected 181 1. dismissal iX.^J.

'I lie church prosiwred under the faithful ministry of Mr. Wick, though, owing to the countrv being new ami sparsely settled, its increase in membership was slow.

William Wick was of Puritan descent, and was lxim on Long 1-land. New York. June 2<>. 17(18, son of Lemuel and De1»prah W ick. In 1700 be removed to Washington county, Pen 11- sylvania, and alcuit 1 71*4 married Mt-s l-'ltzah'cth Melarland. youngest daughler of Colonel Daniel McFarland. an ntlker in the Revolutionary army, lie ha<I settled down to farm ing. but an acquaintance with Dr. McMillan, an earnest Presbyterian divine, changed his coiir-e of life, ami he was prevailed hi to enter upon a course of study. preparatory to the work of the Christian ministry. It winch his talents and piety derigratCfl him. 1 le completed an academical curse at Cantioiisburg in I7»7. ami read theology in Dr. McM dlan's log cabin, Licensed to preach h\ the Presl.v tery of Ohio, August _>S, \->,'i. he - on after became pastor at X'cshann. .ck and Hopewell. ;,nd si -se.|\i. 1 th .11 \ - i' i' -t 11 \:'v. ceiving aid from the Connecticut Missionary Society for about two years, iii- charge Ixvame self-sustaining. "He took a warm 111. ei est 111 inissj. marv work and assi eiated with Ke\ >. McCttrdy! Manjuis. I'.adger, Ilugh.es. and other early divines 111 devising means ,, >,- religious service 111 Cider settlements. About j8<H there was an awakening of religious in tere'st. which, greatly strengtltened. the church a Youngstowu."

The period of Mr. Wick's ministry was brief. Before leaving the farm he had experienced delicate health, and on that account hesitated to enter the ministry. There was no cause for alarm, however, until 1S14. when, in October, a severe cold affected his lungs. He continued to preach during- the winter, but his strength rapidly tailed, and he died at Hopewell, Pennsylvania. March --<). 1815, in the forty seventh year of his age. and the sixteenth of his ministry. At his own request he was buried at Yoimgstown, His family consisted of eight sons and three daughters, "most of whom have been among the most prominent citizens of Youngstovvn."

It is not known who served the church during the year succeeding Mr. Wick's death. Rev. John ( ore. licensed to preach in 1816, was ordained jiasior at Yoimgstown. June 25, 1817, at which tune he was thirty-two years old. He was a successful pastor and served m this tichl six years, during which lime more I than one hundred were added to the church at Youngstowu. A Sunday-school was formed in 1X.r0, Flder Samuel P.rv s. m being superintendent, but it is probable that it had not a continuous existence, as a union Sunday- School ot all denominations was organized in the "Academy" in 18.7, by the Rev. Mr. Harned. which the Presbyterian children attended until the completion of the church on Last Federal street 111 lNt-'.

[11 April. iXj-. Mr. Core resigned and front that tunc until tX^o the chinch was dependent upon stated supplies. The Rev. Fivch I'.outoii served as staled supply from 1SJ4 till 1 S > ; and from iSji. till iXjij Rev. Nathan I lamed acted in that eapacitv. Mr. 1 lamed was in Rockingham coiintv. Virginia, m

1789. His name first appears upon the records of the Erie Presbytery in 1824. After serving as pastor of several small congregations m Pentisvlvania. he joined the Hartford Presbytery 111 tXji, and was called to 1 nungstowu as staled snnply. hailing health compelled linn to resign tins charge 111 iXjo. Hi- ministerial laN.rs really ceased here, although he subsequently acted a> a supply whenever his health would' permit. He died 'in New York in 185c

Rev. Ward Stafford was called to the pastorate of Youngstown in January, 1830, and April 5, following, was ordained pastor by the Presbytery of Hartford. Mr. Stafford was l)orn in 1789. and entered the ministry in 1815. Until 1829 he had been engaged in missionary work in New York city, gathering together and preaching to the poorer classes. During his seven years pastorate in Youngstown alxnit one hundred members were added , to the church. lie resigned his charge in 1837. A new church was built in 1832 on Federal street, and was used until i860, in which year the present building was erected.

The subject of building, as is oiten the case, caused considerable discord in the congregation, which added to previous differences on the subject of choir singing, threatened serious trouble. But these difficulties were finally solved by the organization of the church at Liberty. Forty-three memlxrrs of the Youngstown Church were dismissed, among them being three of the four elders composing the session. Their places were rilled by Dr. Henry Manning, John Laughbridge and James Thorn. "Those who attached themselves to the Liberty Church were generally opposed to choir singing. When the Presbyterian Church was disturbed by the unfortunate division into Old-schoi 1 and New-school. Youngstown was almost unanimous in its adherence to the New sch<o|. One mcmlK-r. William McClelland, chose the Old school, but was refused admittance l>v the I.iU'rty Church on a letter from the Youngstown Church. This incident shows the bitterness of feeling then existing among these two branches of Christians. The period of Dr. Stafford's pastorate was the most embarrassing in the history of the congregation, but by the time his successor was installed all differences had lieen settled. The questions which had divided the congregation were of a general character, and no blame for their intrusion u]x>n the peaceful grow th of the church can be attached to the pastor." He had done all that lay in his power to preserve unity.

Mr. Stafford's successor in the pastorate was Rev. Charles A. Boardman. He was born in Connecticut in 1788. He was ordained in 1818 in Preston, Connecticut, the charge being delivered by the Rev. Lyman Beecher. Before coming to Youngstown. Mr. Boardman preached at New Haven and Westport, Connecticut, and was agent for the Western Reserve College. He was installed pastor at Youngstown, August 6. 1839, by the Presbytery of Trumbull, which had lately been formed. "It was largely, indeed, owing to his influence," says the Church Manual, "that the church voted to attach itself to the New-school wing, as he positively refused to become its pastor while it remained an Old-school congregation." The same publication refers tohim as much more than an ordinary man. possessed of a fine intellect, "and universally beloved for his many virtues, both as a man and a Christian." In 1854 - three years after the death of his wife - he asked the congregation to unite with him in a petition to the Presbytery to release him from the charge. The request was reluctantly consented to. From this time until his death in 18O0, he resided with his son-in-law. S. B. McFwen, at Monroe, Wisconsin. His bodv was brought to Youngstown for burial. The funeral services, held July 29th in the Presbyterian Church, were attended 1 v two thousand persons.

During the year 1843 three elders were elected- - William Rice, dismissed. July 1. 1872; James Buck, died April 12. 1856; and Lemuel Wick, dismissed December 23. 1846.

From 1855 to 1859 the church was su]>- plied by Rev. Frederick H. Brown, who. how - ever, was never regularly chosen pastor, lie was a man of tact and energy, but of feeble health, which caused him finally to abandon ministerial labors. He died at Elvria. Inlv 31. 1 1 1 .

Dr. Levi B. Wilson, the fifth regular pastor of this church, w as In mi at Plymouth. Ohio, in 1 82 1. He graduated in 1848 from the literary department oi Western Reserve Col lege, and from the theological department in 1850. He had charge of Central College. Blendon, Ohio, till 1855, and before coming to Youngstown served as pastor of the Central College Church (consisting of six members, one of whom was his wife), and the Congregational Church, Windham, Ohio. His call to Youngstown was received and accepted in September, 1859. Just ten years' later he resigned the charge and removed to Kansas. It was during his ministry that Youngstown began its rapid growth. Simultaneously the church increased in wealth and ihiiuIkts, making the erection of a new meeting-house a necessity. The present structure on the corner of Wood street and Wick avenue, was completed in 1866. Three elders were chosen in 1857: Jonathan Warner, Robert M. Montgomery and John Gibson. In 1865 William | Bonnell, Augustus B. Cornell and Reuben Mc- Millen were chosen to the eldership.

May 5, 1870, Rev. Daniel H. Evans was installed pastor by the Presbytery of Trumbull, having begun his lalxirs here in the preceding February. Mr. Evans was born in Ripley, Ohio, in 1838. He entered Miami University in 1855, and was graduated in 1859. Beginning his theological studies at the Western Theological Seminary, at Allegheny, Pennsylvania, he was graduated from Andover, Massachusetts, in 1862. He was ordained in 1863, and settled as pastor at Grand Haven, Michigan, in i86(x Subsequently stationed for a short time at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, he came to Youngstown in 1870. Here he remained as pastor until March, 1901.

Mr. Evans married Sarah J. Livingston, in January, 1863, and had a family of three daughters and five sons. During his pastorate the following elders were chosen: 1 S73. Gideon Cornell, who died in 1877; and Thomas 11. Wilson. In 1877 George Cornell and Roknt McCurdy were elected.

Rev. Wiiliam Herbert Iludiuit was called in July, JN99, to assume ihe co-pastorate with Rev. Dr. Evans. This relation continued until March 31, 1001, when Dr. Evans withdrew and Mr. Hudnut assumed full charge of the church.

at Princeton and Union Seminaries, from the latter of which he w as graduated in the spring of 1890. He was ordained by the Presbytery of Hudson in 1890, having previously accepted the pastorate of the First Presbyterian church of Port Jervis, New York. He was married in June, 1890. to Miss Harriet S. Beecher. In the summer of 1905 he accepted a call to Grace Church. Brooklyn, where he remained until coming to Youngstown.

The Helen Memorial Chapel was dedicated May 4, 1890. for the use of the Sunday school and other religious services of the church. It was built and presented to the church by Myron C. Wick and his wife, Elizabeth Bonnell Wick, as a memorial of their daughter Helen.

In May, 1900, the church celebrated its centennial anniversary, beginning on Sabbath morning, the 27th. and continuing throughout the week. At the opening service an historical sermon was preached by Rev. D. H. FX ans, D. D., and in the evening Rev. W. G. White, of Westminster Church, preached on the Presbyterian Church on the Western Reserve. On Monday evening, the 28th, a reception was given in honor of Rev. Dr. Evans upon the completion of his thirteenth year as pastor. A missionary celebration was held on Wednes- | day. addressed by Rev. A. W. Halsey, secretary of the Ixiard of Foreign Missions, and Rev. John Dixon, secretary of the Board of Home Missions. At the Thanksgiving service on Thursday Rev. Charles H. Gatman preached the public sermon.

Westminster Presbyterian Church

The memliership of the First Church steadily increased through the years and when, in i8<>3 the numl>er of communicants had reached 775. a division seemed to promise increased usefulness, and Westminster Church was formed. One hundred and fifty-two members of the First Church received letters of dismissal to the new organization, and became charter meuit>ers.

Rev. William Garrison White was installed as pastor in February, 1894, holding this relation until his death, March 4, 1904 Mr. White was bom in Port Bryon, New York, in 1863. He was graduated from Hamilton College and Auburn Theological Seminan-, after which he assumed a pastorate at Cuba. New York, remaining there until he was called to Youngstown. He was a man of rare gifts, spiritual, intellectual, and social. Devoted to his church, his devotion was repaid in a high degree by the love and loyalty of his people. His commanding character and his broad spirit, fearless, yet ever kindly, made him a power tor righteousness in the city, where his loss was as deeply mourned as in his church. He was succeeded in the pastorate by Rev. Thomas J. Stevenson.

Mkmorial Presbyterian Church

Memorial Presbyterian Church was organized Novemlier 16. 1903, with 95 members. The church building on the corner of Wick avenue and McGuffey street, was dedicated December 4. 1904, ami Rev. Daniel H. Evans. D. D., was installed as pastor, December 6. 1904.

Evergreen Presbytkrian Church

The Evergreen Presbyterian Church had its infancy in a union mission Sunday school on Iron street ( now Fairmont avenue). Those interested in the mission offered to transfer their interests to the Presbyterian Church. April 27, 1003, a committee previously appointed bv the Mahoning Presbvterv. consist ingot Rev. William G. White. Rev. J. P. Anderson. Rev. W. II. Hudnut. Jacob C. Barrett, ami D. M. Ramsey, met and t<">k preliminary steps toward the organization nf a church. Articles of incorporation were drawn up and signed. The lot on Iron street was sold and a lot on Dallas avenue was secured. Here the Sabbath school and preaching services were held in a tent. The church was duly organized August 8. 1904. Alx.ut forty were enrolled as charter members. The tent was used until October, when a temporary structure was built. The church was supplied by students until April, 1905, when Rev. Francis A. Reams came from the First Presbyterian Church of Kinsman. Ohio. He was installed May 5, 1905.

Church

In 1883 a mission chapel was built by the First Church on Mahoning avenue and a Sunday school organized, which flourished until 1905, when the location was given over for the erection of a Presbyterian Church for Magyars. This church, called the Hungarian Evangelical Reformed Church, had been organized in 1902. through the efforts of Rev. Julius Ilamborsky, of I^ackawanna Presbytery, who, visiting Youngstown, found several hundred Protestant Magyars in the city and neighboring towns without a preacher or church. The congregation occupied the mission chapel until the erection of the church, a hands-mie stone edifice, which was dedicated October 15, 1905. The first pastor was Rev. Gcza Kacziany. Ph. D.. who was in charge from March. 1903, to Octolxrr of the same year. Rev. Bcla Bassa acted as stated supply from January, 1904, to March. 1904, when he was installed as pastor, this relation continuing until March, 1907. In March, 1907, Rev. Louis Manassy was called.

The Second Presbyterian Church was an outgrowth of the Mission Sabbath schcol work started in Youngstown in 1872 by a few of the enterprising church members of this and other denominations. T. F. Wilson. I. A. Justice. Henry B. Shields and Henry A. Evans were among the number. In 1874 a building was secured on Covington street, as a place of worship, and was thus used until 1879. when the church removed to a newmeeting house on the corner of Raven avenue and Liberty street, a frame structure 35x60 feet, tastefully furnished.

ccssful pastorale, ending in the fall of 1879. lie was succeeded by Rev. S. (',, Hair, a successful Christian lab.rcr. who accomplished a great work for the church. His efforts were well seconded by his wife, who was an earnest w< rker. She was an accomplished organist, ami with the assistance of I. A. Justice as leader « ! the choir, c> >ntrihuted an inijK.rtatit feature ni the church service.

Methodism bewail its career in the wilderness of western Pennsylvania mid eastern Ohio in 1 Km. Self sacrificing itinerant preachers followed closely after or kept company with the sturdy pioneers who grappled with the hardships of frontier life and prepared the way for the pleasant homes, commercial prosperity and religious blessings which we enjoy today.

1 . S\i", - .'.1 Incl I'' ic' . : 1 . . ' 1 ,. physician, who had lieen appointed in April 1X0.1, by the Baltimore conference as niissS, o ary to Deerlield Circuit, erccteil a house at Dcerlie'.d and established his family there. Ten ctrating the forest he organized a nnniber "f societies 111 different places, and among others visited Youngstown. where he was refused pernnissHAi to preach in the Presbyterian

Church and on the imitation of Judge Riven conducted Methodist services in the hitters barn. With this exception cordial relations have alwa\s cM-ted ln/twecn the tv\o churches. A class was formed, consisting of Moses Crawford and bis wife tsaliel. John Ih'g'.le rind wife. Isaac Powers and Jeremiah Brcadcn. Mr. Powers was (-penally noted as ;i faithful and earnest worker in the church nnid h> death 111 iSm. His wife. Mrs Leah Fra/ee Powers, liecame a member two year* after the organization of fhe Socieiy aii'l "tot titty nine years her sweet spirit and gentle 111 inner w ere a benediction to all who nut her."

In 1X04, Shadrick Bostwick was again appointed t" the DeedfieW Circuit, which was then more than 400 nulcs in cm-am ference, and the hardships of the tour weeks" found made on horseback through the untamed wilderness were almost incredible. At the end of this year Dr. Bostwick returned to the practice ot medicine, locating rirsl in Youngstown and then in Canticld. lie continued to preach however, until his death which occurred in l,K37 young man nanierl Roliert R. Roberts was appointed to the curcuit in 1X05 who afterwards rose to distinction in the church and worthily tilled the office of Bishop.

"For a while the little society worshiped in the log school house on the Diamond. Smi the meetings were moved to the home of Mr. Crawford, a log building standing on Front street west of Ha/et. Afterward they were held in the hoine of Mr I b «gne. The quarterly meetings were he'd in such large buildings as could Ik? seemed, the ball room of Mr. Holland's tavern U-mg sometimes used on such occasions,"

A lot was purchased about the year 1S10 on Phelps street north of the present cditice lor the smi) of S_.o.oci. and a small unpretentious building erected thereon. In iX.'K. the Society built a substantial brick church on I He site where the old church now stands, northwest c .rner . t Front and Phelps streets. It had a gallery on three sides and accommodated quite a large congregation.

Two years Liter aUait litty members, representing tiie grealer probation of the Society, seeded ami forme. I a new organization - the Methodist Protestant Church. This division was keeulv felt hv the remaining few. but though some felt almost discouraged they set to work with indomitable energy to repair the breach, and it was proved that the davs 01 the Methodist Church 111 tins community were not yet numbered.

"A 0 iiiniisbor.s frame building took the place of the brick building in 1K.11 winch w.i* nth rued and remodeled during the pastorates of Rev. W. Maltby and Dr. John Pcate. The charge became a station in 1X4- -'"id »'i' t'm.ls tins interesting entry of that date: "The charge estimated b>r the support of the pieacher. consisting . .f himself, wife and one. child. SyOs.oo. including S40.no house rent. Hie entire sum was paid in full."

I>le in which the society now worship, in May. 1883. Eighty years after the establishment of the society, the corner stone of the new church was laid with appropriate services. Bishop Andrews officiating, and the building, completed at a cost of over $70,000.00, was dedicated to the worship of Almighty God by Bishop Cowman. Thus was completed a beautiful temple of worship whose foundations were laid in the pastorate of Dr. C. V. Wilson and whose dedication came in that of Dr. D. C. OsWne. With the completion of Trinity Church, the Society entered upon its most prosperous peril*) and now numljers between 1.300 and 1.400 menilKTs.

From (he mother church have branched out several other efficient and flourishing societies. In 1877, the Belmont Society was organized: in 1888. Epworth: and in 1901. Grace. Wilson Avenue M. K. Church was started as an independent organization and is now a regular p-irt of the regular organized Methodism of the city.

The first Methodist Sunday-school in Youngstown was organized in 1X26, in the pastorale of Rotwrt Hopkins. W. H. Fitch was superintendent; Alva I'. I'pham and Samuer Black were teachers. Other noted superintendents were Alexander McKinnic. John F. Hoi lings worth, William Breaden, Richard Brown (who served nearly twenty years}, l'rof. |. A. Leonard. Edmund L. Brown. Arthur O, Fording, and George L. Fordyce. Phillip M. Haas served the school as chorister more than thirty years.

Trinity has ever l>ccn known as a young |*ople"s church. Among the many young people's organizations that have I wen active in advancing the welfare and work of the church should be mentioned one that was started in 1872 by a Sunday-school class of children, and w as called "The Chimes." taking its name from the initial effort to raise money to procure chimes for the new church under contemplation. The children raised $1 ..mxj.oo, which was eventually used as part payment on the organ. Later the old name and object were abandoned, and "The Guild" continued the agitation, raising $6,000.00 to help furnish the church and parsonage. Out of this organization grew the Oxford League, and later the present Epworth League, a strong society of great spiritual power.

The Ladies' Aid and the Indies' and Pastors' Union have contributed very materially to the prosperity of the church. The former was organized in June, 1855. w ith Mrs. Nancy Breaden as the first president. This society i contributed $6,000.00 toward the new church, i and $6,500.00 to the parsonage ; many hundreds also have been contributed for furnishing and renovating the church. The church contributes largely and regularly to missionary and benevolent enterprises.

Among the host of noble workers for religion in connection w ith this society may be mentioned John F. Hollingsworth. class leader, chorister and Sunday-school Superintendent; Stephen F. Burnett, who for years conducted a Sunday afternoon class at his house at 310 West Federal street, and his wife Harriet; Mr. and Mrs. Alexander McKinnie. the former a steward for many years; Edward and Mary Irwin Moore, earnest and faithful workers who were led to accept Methodist doctrine by a chance sermon which Mary's lather heard John Wesley preach while on a tour through Ireland; Edwin Bell, formerly church treas- I urer. and his wife Isabel!: Dr. William Breaj ilen. an ordained local preacher of great ability ; and piety; James Cartw right, leader and for j many years secretary of the Sunday-school ; Henry Dove, class leader: Mr. and Mrs. An- | drew Shaffer. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph H. Brown, C. P. Hutchinson and Richard Brown. Of the last named a sketch may Ik- found in another chapter of this volume. Of a strong and beautiful Christian character he "made possible by his generosity and tireless activity the beautiful edifice" in w hich the Society now worships.

More than one hundred ministers have served this charge during the century and more of its existence, as for much of this period it was a large circuit, and the preacher in charge had one or two colleagues. The Rev. C. W. Tinslcy. the present pastor, who came

Richard Brown Memorial Sunday-School Chapel

Mrs. Henrietta A. Brown, desiring to advance God's kingdom, and to honor the memory of her late husband. Richard Brown, Esq., determined to erect for that purpose a memorial Sunday-school Chapel. With this object in view she selected the following Board of Trustees .

Mr. Kingsley was a most efficient president, but was compelled to resign on account of a change of residence, and his resignation was reluctantly accepted. Mr. George Tod. Jr., was elected president, and Mr. George E. Dudlev was elected to fill the vacancy on the Board.

In June, 1904. a location on the corner of' Elm street and Woodbine avenue was secured. Plans were adopted for a memorial chapel and also for a future church, sufficient space having been reserved for that purpose. A building committee was appointed, consisting of Mr. George Tod. Tr.. Mr. W. Marcus W .llace Mr. V 1! \ . I -.i:..e. Mr < ImiV, R Clegg. Mrs. Cyrus F. Felton.

- The chapel is now completed and stands as a memorial of (he kindly and beloved Christian gentleman, whose life of forty-seven years was identified with all the best interests of Youngstown. with the cause of C hrist in all this region, and in particular with the Methodist Episcopal Church, which he so devotedly loved.

"Uncle Richard" na< a life-long Sunday - school worker. Twenty . nu; years of the time he was superintendent of the Sunday-school at Triuitv Church. Hi- wife. "Aui;t Ifettv"

The chapel is an expression of the wife's devotion to her husband. But in this community for generations to come, when the name carved on the stone over the entrance is read, the thought in the mind of the reader will he, of the two lives that flowed together for

Protestant Episcopal

The first public services, according to the Prayer Book of the Episcopal Church, held on the Western Reserve, were held in our neighboring township of Boardman. in 1807 by Joseph Piatt as lay reader, and was so continued, alternately in Boardman and Canfield, until the summer of 181 7. when the Parish was regularly organized and called St. James Parish by Rev. R. Searle from Plymouth. Connecticut. The members of the organization were citizens of that and neighboring townships, pioneers from the older Stales, Episcopalians who brought their prayer books, as well as their Bibles, with them.' Among them were - from Connecticut - Joseph Piatt and his son, Eli, from New Mdford; Ethel Starr, from Danbury; .Mrs. George Tod. from New Haven; Judson Canfield. from Salisbury; and Judge Ttirhand Kirtland. from Wallingford.

A meeting was held June 20. i<Xog. to consider the org-Mii/ation ,,f a church. At this meeting the following petition was presented, which has l>een copied verbatim from the old record : of Bcanfanan, Canfield and Poland, in the County d Tnjmhnfl anil Slate »( Ohio, being desirous to promo) c tin- worship nf God after the order of llw Pwte-tani I'ium-. p.,1 Church in the Unite*! Si..i,-. of America, having for some lime pa$t met »"<! attended divine service according to (lie established forms of that Church & rinding ourselves under great incontinences for the want of Prayer Books & Sermons, to remedy which and to endeavor to procure the assistance oi a worthy teacher, judge it best to form ourselves into a regular Episcopal Society, jmcsting the same with the proper officers, thereby putting ourselves in a proper situation to petition the Rl. Revd. the Bishop of the State of New York praying him to incorporate us and grant us such relief as in his wis dom he may deem meet and consistent.

"Saturday nth, August, 1809. "Met and adjourned to the 4th 01 Sept.. Turhand Kirtland. Esqr.. appointed Moderator & Ethel Starr, Clk . when the following persons were duly appointed as officers I to wit) Joseph Piatt. Warden. Turhand Kirtland, Ethel Starr & Lewis Hoyt. Vestry.

Boardman, Sept. 4th, 1800 "At a meeting if the professors oi the Protestant Episcopal Church in America, inhabitants of Boardman. Canncld & Poland in the county of Trumbull & State of Ohio, holdett at the School house near the center of Boardman by ;it>|i«njitttunt aforesaid for the purpose "f fi>nning ilnmsclvcs into a regular Episcopal Society & investing the same with proper society officers, voted at this meeting unanimously, Turhand Kirt!and. Moderator. Ethel Starr. Clerk, Jnsq.h Pl.ut. Warden, Turhand Kirtland. Ethel Starr & Lewis llcyt, Vestry."

"At .1 meeting held Aug 1N10, it was 'on motion voted that a committee be appointed to draw a subscription for :hc obtaining and supporting a respectable Clergyman from the Stairs of Coimeetieut or New York to come to this place and visit us. and tarry a* long as the Society and himself can agree * * * Voted, that we will ass.xiatc with any persons in the

The first clergyman of this Church who officiated in Boardman or on the Western Reserve, so far as is known, was Rev. Jackson Kemper, afterwards widely known as Missionary Bishop of the Northwest, and subsequently as Bishop of Wisconsin. Mr. Kemper, in the Fall of 1814. was 011 a Missionary tour in Western Pennsylvania, under the auspices of "The Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church for the Advancement of Christianity in Pennsylvania," which he had aided in forming. He visited Pittsburgh, and there Rev. Mr. Taylor. Rector of Trinity Church, informed him of the Episcopal Church in Boardman, and that Joseph Piatt, during a business visit to that city the previous Summer, had requested that, if possible, some clergyman of the Church might lie sent to them. Mr. Kemper cordially accepted the invitation, went to Boardman, and spent some weeks in preaching there and in Canfield. Poland, and prolwbly Youngstown, though we have no authentic information as to his preaching in the latter place. During this time, in September, 18 14. he baptized twenty-nine persons, among whom were Hon. Sheldon Newton and Billius Kirtland. Two years later, from September 19 to 22, 1816, Rev. Jacob Morgan Douglas, in the employ of the same society, visited Boardman and neighltoring townships. He baptized fifteen persons.

On March 23. 1817, Rev. Roger Searle. who had come from Plymouth, Connecticut. t<> Ohio, as a missionary, officiated in Boardman. He called a meeting of the Vestry, and then a new formula was adopted and subscribed, in which was incorporated the name of the Parish. Saint James, and a declaration of submission to the constitutional Canons of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States.

Rev. Searle visited various places in Ohio and Kentucky. |>erforming missionary work, returned to Connecticut, and in the Pall removed with his family to Canfield. He preached, for a time, in Boardman ami Cau- field, and other places in Ohio, also organizing parishes, and then removed to Medina, Ohio, but visited his old parishes of Boardman and Canfield occasionally. He died September 6, 1826. Says one who knew him well : - "He will ever he regarded as the chief pioneer missionary of the Western Reserve, so far as this (Episcopal Church) is concerned. During the nine years and over of his labors in this field he organized thirteen parishes in Ohio and four in Kentucky.'*

The Diocese of Ohio was organized at a convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church, held at Columhus on January 5, 1818, Rev. Philander Chase, a missionary from Xew York, heing its president. An adjourned meeting of the convention was held at Worthington, Ohio, on June 3, 1818, where, on June -'i, Mr. Chase was unanimously elected Bishop of Ohio. He was consecrated in St. James' Church, in Philadelphia, on February 11. 1819, by Rt. Rev. William White, one of the American Hi shops consecrated in I^ambeth Chapel. England., assisted by Bishops Hobart of Xew York. Kemp of Maryland, and Croes of Xew Jersey. His journey from Ohio to Philadelphia and return was made on horseback.

He made his first Episcopal visitation to Canfield October 6, 1810. He also visited Youngstown, passing through, but for want of tune did not preach there. He again visited ti e parishes of Boardman and Canfield in August 1823. and baptized and confirmed several persons. He visited Youngstown in 1825 and preached there.

Uev. Marcus Tullius Cicero Wing was the first settled Rector in the new Church. Having raised $((x) f.,r him, on September 5. 1820. the Vestry decided to give him a call to lake charge of the Parish, in connection with Youngstown and Vienna, lie was then an instruct, ir in Kenvon College, the new Episcopal ( ' liege, at Gambler. Ohio. He accepted the call We have no record of the services he lie!:], if am . at Y.>tt:ig»lo\wi. but it is on record at Boardman thai after the first year he was engaged f"r two thirds . .f the lime f.ir the same sum. 840.1 ]a- \en\ lie resigned this charge <n September 25. 1S31. ami re

Rev. Joshua L. Harrison, irom West Farms. Xew York, was called December 25. 1835, accepted the call, and came to the Parish in the Spring of 1836. He also officiated at Canfield, a new Church having lieen erected at that place. He was the first to hold regular services at Youngstown; prior to this time the services had been very irregular.

The Rectorship was vacant until May, 1840, when Rev. Joseph T. Eaton came to tlie ] Parish and remained until April. 1845, holding services in Warren part of the time. Rev. William Granville, from Medina. Ohio, on July 13, 1845, preached, for the first time, in Canfield. and officiated there and at Boardman until March 22. 184O.

Henry M. Boardman removed to Boardman in 1819, and resided there until his death. 1 resulting from an accident, on December 17, 1840, Soon after his arrival he was elected Clerk of the Parish. He was succeeded in May. 1848. by Rev. Joseph Adderly. who was succeeded in December, 1852. by the Rev. C. S. Doolittle. who officiated about four vears, until after September. 1850. There was again a vacancy and Rev. A. T. McMurphy entered up mi the Reetorate about Oc toiler, 1857, and continued as Rector of Boardman and Canfield until 1 803, officiating occasionally in Youngstown and oilier places, and was largely instrumental in organizing the Parish of St. John's in Youngstown.

At a meeting held in the bouse of Mr. Ethel Starr. September 5. 1S25. on motion it was resolved to build a Church, and a building committee, consisting of Asa Baldwin. H. M. Boardman r.n.l Trial Tanner, was app>inted. tin August 23. iSjo. the Church was consecrated by Bishop Chase.

the chancel remains practically the same as it was built in 1827. Many articles of 'furniture belonging to the original edifice are still in use, some of them very old, among which may be noted the quaint old baptismal font brought from New Mil ford, Connecticut, an old-fashioned Communion table, and the stained glass window erected in memory of Hon. Elijah Boardman and his wife Mary Anna. This window was for many years in the Church at New Milford, but was removed to Boardman when the old Church at that place was taken down.

The Voungstown Church had its beginning through the Sunday school work begun in the early fifties by Mrs. Jesse Thornton, mv Miss Henrietta Foster, a sister of Stephen C. Foster, the song writer. Mrs. Thornton, who was an Episco|>alian. taught a class of young children every Sunday in one of the rooms 0! her home on West Federal street. Her daughters, Mary (afterwards Mrs. Major Crosman ) and Eliza, assisted in this work, which was continued for several years, until the Thorntons removed to Warren. Ohio. Some of the scholars who attended her class became teachers of the Sunday School held in the old brick schoolhouse, corner of Wood and Champion streets, of which mention is made further on.

Rev. A. T. Mc.Murphy, as already stated, became Rector of St. James* Church, in Boardman, in 1857. He frequently held services in Voungstown. Rev. C. S. Abbott, of Warren, also held services occasionally, the Presbyterians and Methodists generously furnishing the use of their Churches on these occasions. With her increasing population many additions were made to the number of Episcopalians, and it was considered desirable to form a Church organization. For this purpose a meeting of "The Friends of the Protest ;»nt Episcopal Church in Voungstown" was held on July 7, 18:9. of which Mr. M. T Jewell was chairman, and Hiram A. Hall. se-.Teiary. Revs. McMurphy and Abbott were present. They instructed the meeting as to the measures necessary to effect an organization. It was resolved that "It was desirable and practicable to organize a Parish of the Protestant Episcopal

Church in Voungstown," and on motion of Mr. Jewell. "St. John's" was adopted as the name of the Parish. Committees were appointed, one to prepare a petition and procure signatures, and another to procure a suitable room for holding church services, and Revs. McMurphy and Abbott were invited to hold services here as often as might be convenient, it being understood that their services would be remunerated and they would be hospitably and handsomely entertained. Rev. C. S. Abbott, in a letter dated February 8, 1898, stated that "at odd intervals in preceding years, Clergymen had been invited by friends of former parishioners to visit them and hold services, but there was no thought, so far as I know, from these invitations, of any permanent work as their result. I held services and preached on the afternoon of Trinity Sunday, June 19, 1859. The Methodist Church was kindly loaned to us for the service. This was the beginning of the Church movement. On Thursday night, July 7, Mr. McMurphy and myself took the incipient steps towards organizing the

Bishop Bedell visited Voungstown on November 29. 1859, and the requisite number of names having l)een signed to the petition, he advised a notice to lie given for a meeting to be held for organization.

On December 13, of the same year, the Vestry met, and after electing Mr. Jewell their secretary, took steps toward having a Church of their own by starting a subscription paper to obtain subscriptions "for the purpose of purchasing a lot and erecting thereon a suitable Church edifice."

Iu Ild1Nc, T11K 11Kst Church

On Easter Monday of the year i8or the Vestrv appointed Messieurs W. 1. Hitchcock. F. O.' Arms. John W. Ellis and M T. Jewell as the building committee, and on May 2~. , of that year, the corner-stone of the Church

The building was completed hi the early part of the year tS<>_>, ami consecrated bv Bishop Bedell. ( Vt.iU'r ji. 1803. Rev. Wvlhs Hall, <ii Portsmouth, Ohio, came to the I'arivh on invitation in October, iXf>i, ami mi December 15. ot that year was eleetetl rector. On Scptemk-r 15. 1865. lie resigned, and Ins resignation was accepted, to take effect on the 25th t.f the sanie month. This was Mr. Hali's first charge, hut he is favorably spoken of by those who knew him and remember the good work he did when the Parish was new and struggling lor existence. Mr. Hall is now retire! and lives at San Mateo, California.

Mr. Maxwell was lurn August ft. 1839. at Albany. New York, lie graduated as an A. B. from College of the City of Xew York. After a post graduate o urse. he received tie gree of Bachelor of Science, lie then took a course at the Theological Seminary in Alex andria, Virginia. In iXoihe was ordained a Deacon by Bishop Horatio I 'otter 111 the Church of the Kpiphany and became Assistant Rector at St. Mark's Church. Xew York. In 1803 be went t<> Akron. Ohio, and on March 23, 181.0, the Vestry of St. John's Church, Youngstoun. unanimously eleetetl him as Rector. He accepted the call and entered ii]mn his duties Mav 1. tKiVi, During Mr. Maxwell's atlnnnistraiioti of seventeen years- the I'arish prospered exceedingly, making it |H.ssible to exteml the \\.»rk and a.'.d improvements |,, ihe 1'arisls. The increased growth of the I'arish ha\ing made it verv ticeessarv to have 111 re church room, there were commenced in i S7. j a series of improvements, all under the ^qnTvision of Mr. Maxwell. The tin -roughly remodeled Church was opened Willi appropriate services hy Bishop Bedell on May 20. 1 880. Mr. Maxwell htnlt up St. John's Chutch from a small I'aridi to a vigorous, self-sustaining, aggressive institution, and when his energies and ability had finally excited the interest of other Parishes ami a call was given bun to extend his labors into the wider held of Trinity Church, of Pittsburg, his jn-opJe were compelled reluctantly to give him up. After many vc.irs in Pittsburg. Mr. Maxwell went to a Parish on Long Island. Xew York, and in the Autumn of \S>,r, was stricken with apoplexy w hile conducting services. He never regained consciousness, dvmg in a few hours.

On March jo. 1883. the Vestry elected the Rev. I\ It. Avery, who accepted and held his first services Sunday. April 8. 1883. In 1883-1884 St. lames' Chapel was built on a lot given by James ami David Mackey, at the southwest corner of Albert ami State streets, near the mills of the Mahoning Valley Iron Companv. The Chape! was ojiencd February 24, t884.

Septetnlier -'3. 188*). the Vestry extended a call to Rev. Rolicrt R. Clailiornc. of Silver J Spring. Maryland, who accepted at once, and held his first service on Sumlav. October 13. 1889.

During the rectorship of Mr. Avery a movement was started for the erection of a new Church edifice as it was felt that the old building was msulncicnt for the needs of the i'arish, but impractical measures were adopted

011 W ick avenue. On the approval of the vestry, the purchase was made for $14.1x10. Owing, however, to [he period of financial depression which followed, no steps were then taken for the erection of the building. The immediate necessity for such action became apparent when 111 December, 18115. the "Id Church was seriously damaged by fire. On January 6. 1S1,!,. the Vestry appointed a building comnuttee cousMing- , ,f |amcs Maekev. I. I.. Botst'ort!. \V. J. H:tclic.H-k and Henry Tod. Messrs. Tod and Mackey resigning 111 the May following, their places on the committee ««c taken by E. L. Ford and J. M. Rutler. Plans were obtained from Mr. William U. Wood, the architect and accepted. The contract for the superstructure was let in April, 1897. The Church, though not quite completed, was formally dedicated bv the Bishop, the Kt. Rev. William A. Leonard, I). D., May 22. 1898, with appropriate ceremonies, the Bishop's address l>eiiig listened to by an audience of nearly one thousand people.

From the time Mr. Claiborne resigned February 4, 1892, until the autumn of the same year, services were conducted by Lay-reader Mr. J. M. Reno, and Clergy from Kenyon College and surrounding Parishes. On invitation of the Bishop, the Rev. A. L. Frazer, Jr.. of Lima. Ohio, held services on Sunday morning, August 14, 1802. and after services the following Sunday, the Vestry extended a call to him, which he accepted, entering upon his duties on AH Saints Day, of the same year.

Mr. Frazer was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, July 20, 1858, where he received his education, until he entered Kenyon College at Gambier. Ohio. Graduating in 1880, be entered ujh.hi a business career, which was pursued until 1880. At that time he began his theological course at Bexley Hall, Kenyon College, remaining there two years. He served as lay-reader the second year of his course at Berkshire. Galena, and at Trinity Church, Columbus. September 2H, 1887. he was ordained Deacon by Bishop Peterkin. of West Virginia, and ordained to the priesthood September 30, 1888. at Parkersburg. West Virginia. Immediately thereafter he went to Kalamazoo, Michigan, as Assistant Rector of St. Luke's Church. In Octol>er, 1884). he became Rector of Christ Church. Lima. Ohio. In 1895 he was elected Derm of the Northeast Convocation, which office he now holds.

Mr. Frazer's work with us is letter told by its visible results, in the enlarging of the Parish and many progressive ideas introduced. Through the succeeding years of his ministry, our Church History has accumulated very rap idly. Mr. Frazer has Ixren very intimately identified with it all. watchful, energetic, and enthusiastic.

Assistant Kkctohs

At different times during Mr. Avery's ministry, he had as assistants the Reverends H. L. 'Gamble. C. W. Holhster. Douglas I. Ilobbs. and Edwin S. Hoffman.

For a short time Mr. Claiborne had as Assistant Rector the Rev. Henry J. Beagen. and Mr. Frazer had for a brief period Rev. C. Gaylord. Most of these men also assisted in the work at Boardman. which Parish for a time was without a Rector.

The history of the Catholic Church in Voungstown begins as early as i8j6 when missionary priests began to visit the scattered Catholic families in the vicinity. Among the first of these was Father Thomas Martin, who came in that year from the Dominican convent at Somerset. Perry county. His missionary duties brought him to the Catholic settlement at Dungannon. Columbiana county, whence he extended his labors to Youngstown. Soon after he made a second visit ami after that at long intervals, between 1830 and 1840, visits were made by the Revs. John H. Mc- Grady, V. De Raymacher. A. Fahev, N. D. Young and E. P. Montgomery. The Very Rev. E. T. Collins of Cincinnati, came once in 18^4: the Rev. James Conlon of Steubenville, once or tw ice in 1835. For many years these priests said Mass in private houses, principally in the homes of Daniel Shcehv. William WVods and Xeal Campbell - pioneers of Catholicity in the Mahoning Valley. From 1840 to 1847 Youngstown was regularly attended as a station bv the Rev. lames Conlon, resi- 1 dent pastor of Dungannon.

The numlier of Catholics was increased soon after 1835 by the laborers on the canal. In 1843 lames M' ore and his family settled here, and about the same time some members of the Kessiker family l>ecame converts to the Church, so that the first nucleus of a congregation may l e s;iid to have been found abuit that time. Between 1847 and 1858 Youngstown was visited by the Revs. M. Howard. oi Cleveland, until January, 1848; James Moran. of Dungannon, 1848-49; J. Ringelc, C. PP. S., of Randolph, 1850-51 ; F. McGann. of St. Yincents, Akron, 1851-52: William O'Connor, of Dungannon, 1853 ; F. Stroker. of Summitviile, 1853-54: P. Flinn. of Dungannon, 1855-56; and M. Prendergast. of Summitviile, 1856-58. In July. 1858. the Rev. William O'Connor was appointed the first resident pastor of Youngstown.

The small frame church then in use was commenced by Father McGann in 185 1. but owing to the poverty of the few Catholics then in Voungstown, it was not brought to completion until 1853. It stood at the corner of Wood and Hazel streets.

From Youngstown Father O'Connor also attended a number of missions and stations, and by his zeal and earnestness endeared himself to all who were under his pastoral care. He resigned his pastorate in 1861 and was succeeded bv Rev. F. M. O'Callaghan. who was pastor of St. Coluniba's Parish from May, 1861. until January, 1871.

The congregation had out grow ti its little frame church some years before this, and Father ( )'Callaghan was therefore obliged to provide liettcr Church accommodations. He at once began to raise funds tor the erection of a new edifice, taking the site of the old Church for that of the new one. The structure was of brick. 135 feet in length by 50 feet in width, and with a belfry tower 104 feet high. It was first used in tin* summer of 1864, liefore its interior had been finished. Whatever the cost, it required much generous giving on the part of the laity and prudent management on the part of the pastor to defray the cost of such a structure in those days, Father O'Callaghan lived in a rented house for some years. He afterwards bought a lot On Wesl Wood street, nearly opposite the Church, and moved on it the old frame Church which he fitted up as by the Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Marv. From June. 1871. until 1876 lay teachers were again employed. In September. 1 864, the school was transferred from the old frame building, erected by Father O'Connor, to the basement of the newly erected Church. But with the increase in the size of the Parish ampler quarters for school purjxises became necessary. Father O'Callaghan therefore bought a large lot at the corner of W. Raven avenue and Elm street and began the erection of the present three-story brick school. In 1870 he was absent for some months on a visit to Rome, his place being filled for a part of the time by Rev. E. J. Murphy. On his return he resumed his pastoral ch arge in which he continued until August, 1871, when he was succeeded by Rev. W. J. Giblxms, who completed the school. With its furnishings it cost about $30,000.

In August, 1872. Father Gibbons was succeeded by Rev. P. H. Brown, l ather Brown in 1876 put the school in charge of the Ursuline Sisters and they have conducted it ever since. In July. 1877. Father Brown resigned on account of ill health and his death occurred in the following year. The Rev. Edward Meats succeeded him as pastor of St. Coluniba's Church in July, 1877. He applied himself to pay off the large debt of 840,000 which burdened the Parish, and in doing so was most generously sup]>orted by his parishioners. This debt was entirely cancelled bv the close of the year 1881.

The large increase of population in V oungstown which had continued since its recovery from the financial panic of 1871 had by this time made the formation of a new )Kiri>h a necessity. Accordingly with Bishop Gilmotir's approval the Immaculate Conception Parish was organized in 1882. St. < <>- , himha's Parish paid for the Church lot besides I giving S5.000 towards paying for the erection : of the new Church.

In 18S4. in accordance, with a decree of the Diocesan Smio.I anil a!-o because St. Coluniba's Parish cemetery had become neirly tilled with interments.. Father Mens uurcbased for 86,000 twemv acres of land for a "Cniou Cemetery" tur the use of all the P. ridu-- Six years later he purchased for $1,700 an adjoining tract of ten acres. This land was subsequently graded, put in proper shape and named Calvary Cemetery. In May, 1886, was begun the foundation of the present substantial brick rectory, which was campleted in January, 1887 at a cost of $12,000.

In order to obviate the danger to the children attending school from the South Side in crossing the growing network of railroad tracks, it was resolved to established a school in that part of the city. Father Meats therefore, in the spring of 1887, purchased four lots at a cost of $2,000 and in September of the following year a commodious six-room frame school costing $3,000 was ready for occupancy.

In July, 1887, a lot adjoining the pastoral residence at the corner of Wood and Elm streets was lxnight for S6.000 as a site for the future Church. After paying off existing debts the new Church was commenced in April, 1893. Soon after, owing to the effects of the financial panic and the consequent closing of mills and the stagnation of other local industries, work had to be stopped; but not until the walls were raised high enough to make a very commodious hall of the basement, a temporary roof being also constructed. This ball was used for six years, many of the Church entertainments being held therein, and it was also the source of much revenue to the Church rentals.

In May, 1900, the building of the new Church was resumed. The corner stone was laid by Mgr. F. M. Boff. V. G.. on Sunday July 1. 1000. When completed the total cost was alx»ut $100,000. This structure which is at present easily the most imposing ornament of the city is in Gothic style of architecture. It is 75 feet wide by 175 feet long, and is one of the largest and handsomest Churches in the diocese of Cleveland. The Parish is also one of the largest in the diocese, now numlxrring about 1000 families, and is noted for its generous response to all calls of religion anil charity. Its long history has never been marred by discord, or want of respect for those charged with its spiritual or temporal interests. In

January, St. Columba's Parish was made a rectorate and its pastor was appointed its first irremovable rector, both well merited distinctions.

Immaculate Conception Church

The Parish of the Immaculate Conception which has been already casually referred to was organized in July. 188J, by the Rev. W. J. Manning, who erected the first Parish building. This was a combination School and i Church built on lots bought on Oak street by* J Rev. E. Mcars in March, 1881. The two-story 1 frame building, 40 by 100 feet, was com- J menced in August, 1882, and was ready for use early in December. The Parish School was opened on the first floor in February, 1883, I being in charge of three Ursuline Sisters and ; a lay teacher.

Both church and school were soon found ! inadequate to the rapid increase in the growth ! of the parish, and Father Manning therefore bought two additional lots on Oak street opposite those secured in 1881, the purchase price lieing $2,600. The present brick church commenced in the fall of 1887 was brought to completion in the Spring of 1891, although used for the first time on Christmas, 1890. It was dedicated on May 10. 1891, by Rt. Rev. Mgr. F. M. Boff, then administrator of the diocese. The church cost about $40,000. and is of Gothic architecture, its length being 140 feet and its width 60 feet. A part of the large basement is used for a primary school and part for society rooms. The handsome and commodious pastoral residence, was commenced by Father Manning in 1891 and was ready for occupancy in December of the following year.

Father Manning's health gave way under the care and strain of his arduous pastoral duties and he died on July 2, |8<)<>. His loss was deeply felt by his parishioners whose love and respect he had won in a high degree. The Rev. D. B, Grotty, who had been sent to a-sist him in June. 18178. took temporary charge of the parish until the ap|* liniment in August of the Rev. M. P. Kinkead. the present pastor.

Purehasini; a lot <>n federal street fur §i.<kxi. father Murphy l*>nj;ht fur the sum ot $7ix>a frame building which had been f« -nuerly used as a store. This building he moved - i 1 1 a lot and had it tilted up as a teni|*>rary place of worship and as a school. In September, 1X70. he bought 011 the same street, for §1,550. an additional l< t, the frame house on winch he made his resilience. He was succeeded in October. 1X70. by Rev. Patrick Met affrey. who in the follow 111,1: year built the first church, a plain frame structure 45 by 05 feet, at a cm of aluiit §3.000. l ather McCaffrey was s.«.u obliged to resign his charge on account <if ill health. He was succeeded by Kev. K.J. Henry, who, notwithstanding the financial depression following the ^.'reat panic of 1.S73, reduced t!ic debt contracted by his predecessor. father Henry was succeeded in July, 1X70, by Rev. frauds Mctiaveni who milled by improvements to the value of the church property. He died in August. 1XS7, and St. Anne'- ( '- mgrejjation was attended trom HubUard until the following Hcecinber. when the pre-er.t incumbent. Re\. J. I'. Harry, received his appointnient as pa -tor. In lXKN father I tarry built a frame parish house at an expensr of al.,nt Sj..Vki. lie also remodeled and enlarged the frame school and placed it 111 charge of the I "rsulinc Sisters I; having been found that I the church was situated too far away from the maioniv of tl'.e parishioners, f ather Itarry obtained perniissir n :n iXo~ to secure another and ltetter location; and in March of 1b.1i year he purchased four lots with a fi outage "f 200 feet on federal street and 14.2 feet on Jetterson street. In April. 1803. the foundation of the present church on the new -he was commenced. Owiny. however, to lack of 1:1cm due to the fntancial panic o- 1X1,3, tile huild-

l Torres so I but slowly. 1 he basement was used tor the tirst time on April ^5. 1 SU<~. The church was finally completed at a cost of alwnt §40,000, It 1- a brick structure, trimmed with sandstone, with two towers, nt keeping with the Norman style of architecture.

In 1S0S l ather Itarry built near the church a two-story school and a neat pastoral resilience. I»>tli frame buddings, the former costing S_\4oo and the latter §'.501. The old church and lot on which it stands were sold in iX.,X to the Italians who were organized in that year under the patronage of St. Anthony of Padua. In |X<|X the balance of the former piotx-rty w 's alsi: s,,l(l the proceeds from In ah sales amounting to nearly Sluxio. The parish now numbers over families, all dei>eiidc:it on the iron industry of \ , un^sti ,u n

Prior to iX.,X the Italians in YouiiKstown attended divine service at St Anne's and St. Koluinba's churches They were occasionally visited by Rev. P. Capitani of St. Anthony's Church. Cleveland, and bv other priests of their own nationality. In May. |S«>N. Rev. Anthony Petrllo was app.intcd their resident pastor. In . June of that year he bought for the sum of §-'.50*) the former church of St. Anne's Parish, m w hich be made various improvements. I he present pastor is the Rev. Charles Doria.

The Catholic Hermans of Youn^-tow n were identified with St. Chimba's Parish until March. 1X70. when Pi-hop Rappe app>inted Rev, Peter lacker as their first pastor. They then numbered about 50 families. father lH\ker secured for §;.;<«> the lot. 'K> hy JsO feet, at the corner of \Vick and W est Raven avenues, a in. -m desirab'e location, ddie frame I'oi.inc ,-!.( tin- lot was made the )>astoral residence. At an c\|)cusc of alxnit $3,000 l ather Pecker built a small brick church on the rear e-id of the I t taciiiL; Wo-: Raven avenue, which was dedicated to St Joseph, in the slimmer of 1X70. father Becker was succeeded in the pastorate of St. Joseph's by the Rev. H. 1). Best, who. however, only remained until May of the following year, when St. Joseph's was attended from Hnhkird. Then for a sh.irt time until April. 1X73, the Rev. C. Rarbier was resi<leut pastor, after which St. Joseph's was again made a mission of Hubbard, with Rev. T. T, Shalrield in charge. In July. the Rev. Joseph F.vler was appointed resident pastor, iti which ]>ositioii lie lab-red in spite of ill health until he resigned his pastorate in May. when St. Joseph's for a few weeks

The Rev. (.'hades Seltzer was the next resident pastor of St. Joseph's Parish, from June. 18X1, to Hecemlier. iNSj. He look up the project of building a new and much larger church, whuch by this time was greatly needed, and for which a subscription of $_\ooo had already I wen raised by bather Fylcr. The comer stone of the new church was laid by Bishop (iilmour on September 4, 1X81. The church was ready for use in Septeml>er, )SSj, although its interior was far from being complete. The Rev. M. Becker, who succeeded bather Seltzer in Decerning. iXXj. li.nl the church plastered :tn<l furnished with staiue<l glass windows. His pastorate ended in August. 1^, when the present incuinlieiit, the Rev. John Klute. was given pastoral charge of St. Joseph's I'arish.

bather Klute at once set to work to finish the interior of the church and lo supply it with the necessary furnishings. This task was gradually but finally accomplished and the building was dedicated by Bishop (iilmour <.n Sunday. July jo. 1SK.1, m the presence of a large con- Course of pv .pie. It bad cost alxnil $.$0,000, exclusive of its furnishings and had a debt on it of less than $5,000 when it was dcdicatco - a result alike creditable to the eighty families comp<.siiig the parish an. I the several pastors who bad been concerned in it. The cburcb. which is of (iotSnc architecture, is built of brick willt ->tone trimmings. It has ;i frontage of *'< feet i'n W ick avenue and a depth iP> feet on Welti Raven avenue; the height of the spire is 171 feet

Father Becker in 187a. In 18X3 the first church was remodeled to serve as a temporary school. A large lot 75 by 175 feet was bought in June, 1800 for a school site at a cost of $.8,500. The two-story frame house on the lot was fitted up for school purposes; its four large class rooms were ready for use 111 Septeml>er of that vear, and placed in charge of two I'rsuline Sisters and two lay teachers. The former school building was then changed into a parish hall, which purpose il served for sonic years. In iSoj the present brick school was erected on the site lxnight in 1000. as above mentioned. It is a three-story building, has four well ventilated cheerv class rooms, a tine parish hall on the third floor, and all the appliances and conveniences found in a modem school." Its cost was $15,000. Four I'rsuliue Sisters arc now engaged as teachers and the school has a large attendance.

The fine pastoral resilience adjoining the school lot was built by Father Klute in July, Hioo. for Sio.ooo, the former resilience being l» >tll inadequate and unsanitary. St. Joseph's congregation now numbers about two hundred families

The parish of Hasclton was formed by Bishop (iilmour in ("VtoU-r. 1S88. at the re- -piest of Catholics in that vicinity who found !t difficult to attend Mass on account of their distance from the nearest church and the alm. .st impa-s:hle condition of the roads at certain tunes of the year. Two lots, at the corner of Montgomery (now Wilson avenue) and W alnut streets, were purchased by the Rev. \Y. I. Manning at a cost .,(' $1,500. In October. iSSS. the Rev. George \\'. I.i-emitig was aptiointed as pastor. 'Hie first services were held in a class r. » .111 m the village public school. The site purchased in 1S.S7 l»ei:ig found unsuitable, l-'ather l.eeming with Bishop <iilnvoir's consent In night, at a cost , ,f Si . « t, a tiact oi land fronting 011 W'ib'.n avenue Here ti e present frame church was erected and used in us unfinished state for the first time on Christmas morning. 1SS8. In the f. -How- ing January it was completed with accommodations for 300 people. The church cost about $4,oxx). The pastoral resilience was added during the same year at a cost of $3,000. In 1892 Father Leeming bought the Haselton public school, a frame building consisting of three class rooms and a large hall, 32 by 80 feet, with a tine Ixisement of the same dimensions. The structure will serve the purpose of a school admirably when that necessary adjunct to the future welfare of the parish is once established. In the years 1899 and 1900 a number of improvements were made in the property and the church was removed from its first location sixty feet eastward and placed upon a substantial basement. Most of the stained glass windows by which the church is enriched were donated, as was also the main altar. These and other improvements that might lie mentioned evidence the generosity and religious earnestness of the congregation, which numl>ers sixty-five families.