Youngstown City (part 5 of 33)

On June 13. 1887, Chief Moore was renominated for chief, but was not confirmed. On June jj John P. Mercer was chosen by council as chief. In August of the same year M. Quinn and William Knox were added to the department. Battieger resigning. February 6, 1 888, the fire station at the corner of Oak and Fruit streets was finished and War- i ren McCready. John McAleer and W. H. Lol- I ler were appointed as additional men, Loller taking the place of Ambrose Perkins. The next year M. Sullivan was 'appointed in place of James Probst. The Sixth Ward station was completed in 1889. John B. Reynolds, Dyer and McC ready were assigned there.

John P. Mercer was continued as chief of the fire dqnrtment until the city commissioners took hold in 1891. and the volunteer de- ' panment liecamc a thing of the past. The I volunteer dqxirtment did great work in its day | with the growing city, and had a number of big fires to combat. It had its start just after the great fire of 1867. which destroyed the residence of the late Governor Tcxl, when it was proven that the old bucket brigade was inadequate to the needs of the city. It was owing to Governor Tod. through his ready and energetic assistance in the organization of the department, that it soon l>ecame recognized as one of the most efficient in the

One of the notable events of the old organization was the holding of the State convention of volunteer fire departments here in 1873. The event brought together a large number of notable fire fighters of the State, and the move was started then which resulted in the next year, when the convention was held at Springfield, in a law being passed by the I legislature which relieved volunteer firemen from jury duty.

In 1878. a delegation of eighteen from the Youngstown department went to Chicago to attend the national tournament of volunteer fireman there and carried off the honors for the '

Mixed with hard work which the department had to do, the boys found time for a great deal of pleasure. The weekly meetings of the department were events, and once a year came the annual ball : in the summer time the annual excursion. Great fires occurred in those days and were comlwtted as successfully as the apparatus would allow. One of the first fires was that which destroyed the Jewell block, and two or three surrounding buildings. This was almost immediately after the department had lieen organized, and, according to all accounts, it was one of the fiercest fires the young town ever knew. The burning of the Porter block in the early seventies, and that of the Ritter block, which preceded it, were both bad fires, and gave the department hard work, as did also, in the eighties, the Pollock Iwrn on East Front street, and, al>out the same time, the destruction of Young's c<x>perage shop on South Champion street. Later came the destruction of the mower and reaper works, and that of the nut and bolt works, and the fire which wiped out almost the entire square from the Howell's block to the Wick National Bank block oti West Federal street. At all these fires, the department, at first wholly volunteer, and afterwards part paid, conducted themselves with great credit.

An outcome of the old volunteer department was the veteran Volunteer Fireman's Association, which was formed Decerning 21, 1895, wit" t,le following officers: President, J. M. Ross; vice-president, J. B. Housteau; secretary. J. F. McGowan, and treasurer, David Heinselman.

When the present law governing the city went into effect the fire department consisted of three companies. Central No. 1 and No. 2. John P. Mercer was chief, having been appointed to the position by council about three years previous. The department under the control of the council was a *part paid, part volunteer organization. In addition to the chief there were four drivers and seven hosemen who were paid for their services and were on duty at all times, and a large number of volunteers, or minute men, who responded to fire alarms when their occupation permitted. The minute men received no stated salary, but were paid fifty cents per hour for all active service rendered.

The Department Reorganized

On May 16, 180.1, the city commissioners reorganized the fire department by appointing William II. Moore chief, William L. Knox assistant chief, and the following firemen, eight of whom, including the assistant chief, had served under council : Albert Probst, Sim Dyer, Warren McCready, Charles Vaughn, Michael Quinn, William H. Loller, Christ Weick. Charles Daley. Thomas Reilly, William Kvans, David Stamhaugh. Samuel Mc- Kenzie, Patrick Doolcv, William Smedley, and John I laid. Ten of these men were located* at Central, three at No. 2, Oak street, and three at No. 3, Thomas street. The apparatus at Central, station consisted of a hose wagon and a dilapidated and almost useless hook and ladder truck, notwithstanding the fact that a few months previously the city had purchased a modern chemical engine and an aerial ladder truck. Central headquarters were located in a rickety old frame building in which there was not sufficient room for the men, horses or apparatus, and public telephones afforded the only means of notifying the fire department when a fire occurred.

Recognizing the. necessity of providing a new building and a modern electric fire alarm system, the commissioners and city council, in 1894, obtained legislative authority to issue bonds in the sum of $.25,000. thus enabling them to build and equip a new engine house and install a lire alarm system by which citizens can instantly communicate with the fire department.

After the erection of the new central headquarters the city officials were confronted with the problem of affording necessary fire protection to the property in Haselion. Rrier Ilill.

and the South Side, three rapidly growing suburbs of the city. Realizing that there was only one solution of the problem - the erection of three new stations and the organization of three additional companies - a pro|>osition to issue the necessary bonds, which was submitted to the citizens at the November election, in 1895, carried by an overwhelming majority; in the following year three handsome and well-appointed fire stations were erected.

Station No. 4, located on Falls avenue, was opened December 17, 1896. Station No. 5, at the corner of Siq>erior street and Oakland avenue, was opened January 9. 1897, and Station No. 6, Wilson avenue, on December 19. 1896.

The public generally has little or no idea of the daily routine of a fireman's life, or of the system by which men, horses, and apparatus are kept ever ready to respond to calls for the protection of life and property. A visit to Central station is a revelation to any one unacquainted with fire department methods. Visitors are always welcome and may rest assured of finding a set of obliging men who will take pleasure in escorting them through the building and making intelligent explanation of every feature.

The first object to attract attention is the combination chemical engine and hose wagon. This truck is fitted with two tanks, each containing sixty gallons of chemical fluid, one gallon of which will extinguish as much fire as forty gallons of water. This fluid is especially effective on fires that are confined to the interior of buildings. Situated above the tanks is a bed or box in which is carried 800 feet of 2 V, -inch hose for attachment when a fire is too large to lie extinguished by the chemical. This truck has niblxrr tires three inches wide, weighs nearly four tons, and is drawn by three horses.

In the center of the room stands the aerial truck, which is run to all fires in the business part of the city. This truck is so built that its ladder can lie extended to a height of seventy feet and placed at any angle desired.

In addition to a full complement of ladders this truck carries chemical extinguishers, forks, door openers, life lines and life net. and electric wire cutters with insulated handles.

Standing next the aerial truck is a truck of lighter pattern, designed purposely for long suburban runs. Standing in a row in the rear of the trucks are the magnificent and welltrained horses, whose almost human intelligence never fails to attract the admiration of visitors. Standing always with their heads toward the stall doors, only a shake of the gnng is required to bring them galloping to their places under the suspended harness.

On the second story of the station are the sleeping rooms of the firemen - everything clean and home-like. Handsome carpets on the floor, pictures adorning the walls, and a neat and well arranged bed inviting repose. When the fireman retires at night he removes his clothes like the ordinary citizen, but before he lays down he places a pair of rubber hoots into which his pants have been tucked Ixrside his bed. If a fire disturbs his slumbers he bounds out of lx?d. jerks on his prints and boots by the same o|>eratiou, grabs the sliding pole, and quicker than you can read this paragraph he is in front of the truck on which he rides hitching a horse. His coat and hat are donned while the horses are madly galloping to the fire.

The routine of the fireman's life is ordin- i arily as follows : In the morning he must [ make up his own bed and arrange his room, i The trucks must be cleaned, every bit of brass about the engine house polished, the floor swept and mopped, horses groomed, harness cleaned, hose taken care of. and innumerable details attended to of which the public has no conception. Every member of the department is on duty day and night, except every tenth day, when he has leave of absence of twentyfour hours. So the fireman has very little time to discharge social or other obligations aside from his regular duty.

The Department As Now Organized

On May i, 1900, Chief Moore and Assistant Chief Knox were retired on a pension, audi William H. Loller was promoted to the position of chief, Thomas C. Reilly being selected' as his assistant. Promotion came to both men as a reward for the faithful and intelligent manner in which they had discharged every duty devolving u|*>n them while in subordinate positions, and subsequent events have justified their selection.

Chief Loller is an active, energetic man who has well settled progressive ideas as to how a metropolitan fire department should be conducted. In carrying out whatever policies he establishes, the chief enjoys the confidence, and has the hearty co-operation of all his subordinates, which guarantees that harmony so essential to the success of the department. Without being a martinet he stands for discipline, and with a full appreciation of the necessarily confining nature of their duties, he believes the men under his charge should enjoy the fullest liberty consistent with proper order and discipline.

One of the first orders issued by the new chief was that the aerial truck, which had become rusty from ill-use. should be placed in service, and that the firemen, not only from the Central station, but of the entire department, should familiarize themselves with the operation of the truck. This was followed by other reforms, including daily drills with the life net, coupling and uncoupling of hose, practical hitches, and the establishment of a watch service which guarantees a prompt response to all calls. A careful and itemized account is kept of all supplies, and not even a box of matches leaves the store room until it has l>een charged to the company for which it is intended.

Believing that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure Chief Loller has established a system of building inspection that has no doubt resulted in the prevention of many fires. The chief, assistant chief, anil captains make periodical inspections of all the buildings in the down town district. Tlii-. system not only causes compliance l»y owners and tenants with the laws designed to prevent tires, hut it also serves to keep the officers familiar with the Location of all stairways, hatches. elevators, hi e escapes, etc.

Assistant Chief Reilly, who has been a member of !)ie department for years, is well fitted for the position of assistant chief. His ability as a fireman has been shown on innumerable occasions previous t,> liis appoiutment as assistant chief. Cpon him devolves the execution of all the orders of the chief, whom he represent * at fires.

From the chief to the latest man added to the force the department is composed of an intelligent and fearless ljody of men whose conduct in the past is proof that danger w ill ne\er deter them from doing their duty individually and collectively, anil justifies all the confidence re|x>sed in the department by the citizens. Some among them have fallen victims in the |>erformancc of their duty.

Nov. i, t '.Kit, at the Stamhaugh fire on Relmont avenue. Captain Smedlcy. Mike MciVnough. and I Smith Cowden were injured MeOi iiough (lied at the hospital on the following day. and Cowden lingered until March 22, when he died as the result of his injuries.

Captain Al Probst of Station N'o. 6. the oldest man then in service, was killed at the Consolidated Gas and Electric Light Company fire. June J3. 1004.

In addition to the alxive casualties, there have been numerous, lesser injuries received at different times by other members of the dc partmcnt while at work 111 extinguishing fires.

Station No ?. c .tticr Thomas and Foster streets. Hose ( "inpanv. Engine Company No. 3: seven men; Edward Sweeney, matshal. This station b.is a N' tt No. si/e engine.

Station No 7. corner Madison avenue and Fhn street. Hose Oom]>any No. 7 and Engine Company No j. ten men: A. \Y. Smedlcy. marshal, In January, iiyi. this station installed a Metrop .htan No. -' engine.

All the hose companies alone mentioned are supplied in addition to the usual amount of regulation h. se with two or more Halicock or chemical fuc extinguishers, extension ladders, and other necessary apparatus.

Yonngstovvn is a cosmopolitan city, almost every civilized country in the world having representatives within its limits. It is only to be expected that 111 sUch a large and mixed community, numbering over 70.000 souls, a certain percentage of the inhabitants will be occasional or habitual transgressors against the mora! c-de. ami detiers of the laws which society has made for self protection. To cope successfully with tins element a well organised I police force is necessary, and Youngstowu is therefore fortunate in having a chief of police, police . .fiicials. ami a police force of which ,ni\ municipality might well !*- proud.

the first settler in the township, the department has experienced a gradual but steady growth, keeping full pace at all times with the requirements of the ever-growing community.

Colonel, or, as we may here call him. Constable Hillman. was a man of nerve, as is evidenced in the fact of his single-handed arrest of a j>arty of Indians, one of whom had shot and desperately wounded a white settler of Deerficld. named Daniel Diven, in revenge for having l>een cheated, as he thought, in a horse trade. The Indian had intended to shoot John Diven, Daniel's brother, but had shot Daniel by mistake. The Indians had called at the house of Judge Day, where the two brothers were attending a ball on Christmas night, and had asked for John Diven. Daniel going to the door in place of his brother, received the full charge of the Indian's gun, which inflicted a terrible wound in the head, from which it was a marvel that he survived. Constable Hillman was awakened in the night by two messengers, who told the story, and getting up, immediately set off for Deerfield, twenty-five miles away. On arriving there he found some fifty or sixty men ready to start in pursuit of the Indians. He declined any assistance, however, telling them they could go if they wished, but that, if he went, he should go alone, and accordingly set off by himself. He came upon their camp early in the morning, and covering the chief with his gun, ordered the Indians to stack their arms against a tree, which they did. He then told them that he wanted the Indian who had committed the assault delivered up, and the whole party to accompany him. The Indians at first declined to deliver up the criminal and some of them after a long consultation, put on their war paint, but Mr. Hillman's resolute demeanor, coupled with the fact that he cautioned to keep guard over their arms, finally induced them to reconsider the matter, and at last they agreed to accompany him to Warren, where the chief was placed under guard and the matter was finally settled.

seems to have been little record kept of the guardians of the peace. In that year Owen I Evans was elected marshal and Captain < Samuel C. Rook, William Casey, and Joseph ' Maltby were patrolmen. Captain Rook, a veteran both of the Mexican and Civil wars, is still living in Youngstown. hale and hearty at the age of eighty years.

He states that 'Muring his time every good citizen was expected to look out for himself and his i pro|x>rty during the day time, and the bad ones were supposed to call a truce, no day watchman being employed except on circus flays, holidays, and occasions of public demonstration when the night men did double duty. At this period, the south side was so sparsely settled that the policemen never visited it except to serve warrants." "Drunks" were usually conveyed to the lockup in a wheelbarrow and the policeman, being his own turnkey, would reach in the window for the key. which hung on the wall, open the door 1 and confine his prisoner. "If it happened to l>e a cold night, the rule of hospitality that then prevailed required the officer to build a fire in the prison stove to insure the comfort of his guest until the hour of his trial. About 1878. the force consisted of but five men, and they were accustomed to augment their salaries by lighting the street lamps, which cast a feeble illumination for a few surrounding yards on favored corners. "Also in case of the discovery of a fire the patrolman was expected to convert himself into a fire alarm and proceed at full speed to the engine house, yelling 'Fire!' at even- step. Personal taste was the sole arbiter as to dress and if the choice ran to a plug hat and sack coat or a straw hat and Prince Albert, or no coat at all. it was all the same, just so there was enough clothing to conform to the laws of propriety and to attach his star, the emblem of authority."

With the large additions of territory and increase of population consequent on the founding of new industries, an improved system of police government became a necessity, and in 1891. as the result of public agitation the Ohio legislature passed a non-partisan bill

(amended in 189.2) which provided, among otlicr things, for the control of the police department in cities of a certain population in which Youngstown was included by a board ot" city ' commissioners, the members of said board to t)e appointed by the mayor and judge of probate immediately after the organization of the council, not more than two members of the board were to be members of the same political party. All police officers and night watchmen were to be appointed by the board under suitable rules and requirements as to physical condition and other elements of fitness, as the board should adopt, and were to hold their office during good behavior subject to removal or suspension at the pleasure of the board for cause entered upon the record book. The commissioners were also given |>ower. in case of emergency and ii[>on the application of the mayor, to appoint special policemen.

"On Monday, March 10, 1891, the city council, acting under the new law, abolished the office of marshal, and created that of chief of police, with a salary of Si. 000 a year. John F. Cantwell was appointed as the first chief and held the position until succeeded by W. \V. McDowell on September 8, 1894."

During the first term of Mayor R. Montgomery. 1888-1800, the first patrol wagon was put in sen ice. and during the second the Gatnewell police and tire alarm telegraph system was installed, "two innovations that have proved to be of incalculable value in facilitating the work of the dq>artment." There was no further change in the law affecting the police department until the present code went into effect in 1902, which designated as cities all municipal corporations having a jx>pulation of 5.000 or more, and provided among other things for a department of public safety in even- city to be administered by two or four directors, as council might determine. The code also provided that every applicant for a position in the department must state in his own handwriting, under oath, the facts on the following subjects: 1st. full name, residence and postoffice address: jd. nationality; 3d. age; 4th. place of birth; 5th. health and physical capacity for public service; 6th, previous employment in public service; 7th, business or employment, ami residence for the previous five years; 8th. education; 9th, such other information as may 1>e reasonably required by said board touching the applicant's fitness for public service.

1 He had been a member of the force for about four years, previously having l>een appointed patrolman by Mayor Montgomery in 1890. Since he took charge the force, which then consisted of a meager squad of sixteen men, has increased in size more than fourfold, there l>eing now some sixty-seven names on the payroll, including a captain, lieutenant, five sergeants, and two detectives.

"Among the many improvements that have been made during his incumbency there is none of which the chief is more proud than the new headquarters building, and the modern sanitary prison with its humane equipment for handling the various cases that require attention.

"For years he had seen the desirability of a jail so constructed that the sexes could be separated, and youthful offenders kept from coming in contact with old and hardened criminals. In accordance with this idea, in the construction of the new building, a large room was set aside in the basement for tramps, none of whom, by the way, who come seeking lodgings are ever turned away ; the chief holding the opinion that it is safer to have them under surveillance than to be roaming around the streets.

"On the upper floors are separate rooms for women, boys under sixteen, and a padded cell for violent cases. The entire construction of the cell department being of steel with cement walls. floors and ceilings, the chances for escape even by the most expert jail breaker are reduced to an absolute minimum."

The Kertillon system of measurements, which since its invention by Dr. Alphonse Berlillon and adoption by the chief of prefecture of the Parisian police in i88_\ has proved an infallible means of identifying criminals, is in use in the Youngstown department, having been adopted on the recommendation of Chief McDowell. A national bureau of identification under this system was established at Washington, D. C. by the national association of chiefs of police of the United States, to the benefits of which all members of the association are entitled upon payment of the yearly <lues, which are graded according to the population of the various cities.

The dues for a city of the size of Youngstown are $15 per year. If a thief or suspected person is arrested whom it is desired to identify his picture and measurements are taken under the Bertillon system and forwarded to the Central office at Washington, and if the person is a crook his identity, history and a list -of his usual companions are obtained. Chief McDowell has been a member of the National Association of the Chiefs of Police of the United States and Canada since the year 1895, and of the state association since its organization in 1 90 1. He is also vice-president of the latter association. He has been untiring in his efforts to give the citizens of Youngstown a thoroughly adequate system of police protection, and' has succeeded as nearly as it is possible for success to lie attained. Although a strict disciplinarian, he has endeared himself to bis men by his uniform fairness and impartiality and their loyalty to him is unquestioned.

Mahoning And Shenango Railway And Light Company

The company controlling the street car system of Youngstown, Warren, Niles. New- Castle and Sharon, and connecting lines, is known as the Mahoning and Shenango Railway and Light Company. It was incorporated in 1902 to take over the independent trolley lines which had been operating in the territory mentioned, many of which were owned by different corporations. The merged interests include the following companies:

New Castle Railway Company ; the Mahoning Valley Railway Company; the New Castle and Lowell Railway Company; the Youngstown Park and Falls' Street Railway Company; the Sharon and New Castle Street Railway Company; the Sharon and New Castle Railway Company; the Valley Street Railway Company; the Sharon and Wheatland Street Railway Company; the Youngstown Consolidated Gas and Electric Company; the Shenango Valley Electric Light Company; the Sharon Gas and Water Company ; the Sharpsville Electric Light Company; and the New Castle Electric Company.

The books of each of the foregoing companies are kept in accord with the statutes governing corporations in the states under whose laws the companies were organized, separate sets of books being kept for each of the sixteen companies. In addition to the above there are a number of other companies which form connecting links in the trolley system.

The Youngstown street railway system was founded in 1875, when James Mackay, with his brothers David and Robert, and others, organized a stock company for the purpose of building a horse-car line on Federal street. As at first constructed the line was about two miles long, extending from the turn-table in front of M. Clemens' old store in East Federal street, near Basin street, to the car barns at Jefferson street. Brier Hill. Four cars were in service. At first there were no conductors, and the drivers used to stop at the treasurer's office, at Smith's brewery, and deposit their fares each trip. During the busy hours of the day a man was stationed about midway on Federal street to assist the drivers in collecting fares, hoarding each car in turn for this purpose. Mr. James Mackay, who is still living, was president of the company for the first seven years, with Alfred Smith as treasurer. The line was gradually extended and new routes added, the first extention being on Wilson avenue. In 1889 a franchise was granted to the Youngstown Street Railway Company for an extension of the line on Federal street. Himrod avenue, Mahoning avenue, and Henrietta street; also for exten-

The Mahoning Valley Klectric Railway was chartered in November. 1804. and the same company was granted a twenty-five year franchise from June 3. 18*15. The name of the company was changed in i8i/> to the Mahoning Valley Railway Company, and the latter company subsequently purchased the property of the Yoitngstowai Street Railway Company, increasing its capital stock from $150,000 to S' ..soo.fxx).

The Voungstown l'ark and Falls Street Railway Company was chartered for twenty years in 180^, with the privilege of extending five additional years on request : and a franchise to Octolier, 10.14. was passeil in council in June. 1895. Other franchises were subsequently granteil this company extending to June. 19 jo.

The Mahoning and Shenango Railway and Light system now controls and operates one hundred and lit'tv miles of track, not inchiding the douhle track in the different cities. It has invested $150,000 in paying its share of the street paving in the different cities through which it o|H.-rates. New cars have been purchased during the past year at an outlay of $ j 50.000. The company has invested $400,000 in power plants. It is now al*>ut to erect a new boiler house at a cost of $25,000, and to spend $50,000 more for the installation of new b ilers. Two new engines will also lie installed, in addition to those recently placed in commission at North avenue. They w ill cost $<K),<xx). The increased demand for pnver since the large cars were placed in service has I teen tremendous, and additional power will have to be supplied, The to|K»graphy of Voungstown makes it one of the most difficult cities in the country in which to opiate street railways. It is hilly and consumes power at an alarming rate.

The company recently moved into an enlarged and remodeled three-story office building at the corner of Buardman and Champion streets. This is one of the k'st arranged office structures in the city. The basement is occupied by the supply department, gas and electric work shops, laboratory, meter and transtonner rooms. The first floor contains the office of R. Montgomery, vice-president and general manager of light and power companies, the offices of superintendents of gas and electric light and power departments, cashier, collection department, wailing room and freight department. On the second floor are the offices of M. K. MeCaskcy, vice-president and general manager of railway companies, general superintendent of railways, superintendents of p>wer supply, transportation, track ami roadway, overhead lines, parks and claim department. On this floor the company also maintains its 'wn drafting rooms. The third floor is given over to the department presided over by Treasurer and Auditor S. C. Rogers. Resides the general b>okkecping room, private offices are provided for the assistant treasurer, the statistical department, stenographers and the tiling and counting room. This floor also contains the directors' and conference room.

The center space in the building is occupied by a large and commodious vault, with openings on each floor, including the basement. A pneumatic tube system forms a convenient and rapid means of transferring papers and documents lietween the several departments. Provision is also made for the comfort and convenience of conductors and motormen on all lines. A large room specially equipped with lockers and ot veniences. is set apart for their any hour 1 f the dav or night.

The plans for the remodeling of the building were prepared by the company's draftsmen, who ile\e!o]K-d the ideas of the heads of the several departments a< to their individual needs for space and other accommodations.

It is the policy of the company to patronize home industries. Where it is possible, supplies are purchased from the stores and factories of the towns through which the lines pass or the lighting plants are operated. All the receipts from o]>eration in the several cities are dep .sited with the local banks of the towns where such earnings are made. The company carries in all twenty-five separate bank accounts. It maintains its own iuspeetive force, with uniformed officers on duty both day and night.

Some idea of the growth of the system may be obtained when it is remembered that twenty-five years ago there was not an electric street car or an electric light in the Mahoning and Shcnango valleys. Today the district is webbed with trolley lines, and the electric light is used in stores, factories, homes and for street lighting in every town. The business is one of the most important in the country, and when interfered with by storm or other causes is missed more than any other public utility, except ]>erhaps the water system. The trolley lines are now indispensable. They have brought distant communities nearer together, made it possible to extend cities, cheapened travel, and developed communities that would never have prospered but for the transportation facilities they afford.

The power stations in Youngstown and other places in the system have been brought up to date at an enormous expense, old rolling stock is being replaced with new cars, and the company is working bard to keep the service up to the required standard.

E. X. Sanderson, president. N"ew York. R. Montgomery, vice-president and general manager, light and power companies. M. E. McCaskey. vice-president and general manager of railway lines. Leighton Calkins, secretary and general counsel. New York. Arrel. Wilson & Harrington, local counsel. S. C. Rogers, treasurer and auditor. W. T. Burns, assistant treasurer and assistant auditor. G. J. A. Paul, general superintendent of railways. II. L. Patterson, superintendent of power supply. J. S. McW'hirter. superintendent of shops and equipment. E. H. Bell, general superintendent of light and power < Youngstown Consolidated and Sharon Lighting Companies). Moses Coombs, general superintendent of gas department. J. W. Sturdevant, chief claim agent. U. S. SI iter, superintendent of transportation (Mahoning Valley division). Chas. C. Bcckman. superintendent of transportation (Youngstown-Sharon division). \\'. C. Smith, superintendent of transportation (New Castle division). I'. C. McGoniglc, superintendent New Castle Electric Company. Paul C. Kaercher, superintendent Sharon Lighting Company. Frederick L. Finch, superintendent of track and roadway < Mahoning Valley and .Yew Castle divisions). George G. Rose, excursion agent and superintendent Idora Park. Perry Barge. siq>erintendent of Cascade Park. -Yew Castle. S. R. Wilkinson, superintendent of overhead lines (Mahoning Yallcv and New Castle divisions). Charles 1). Brown, superintendent of overhead lines (Youngstown- Sharon division).

Youngstown Board Of Trade

The first organized effort to promote and develop the business and commercial interests ; of this section was made in 1887. when, at a 1 meeting quite generally attended by the leading business men of Youngstown and the vicinity, a board of trade was organized. This lioard during its existence of some ten years or more was largely instrumental in advancing the objects for which it was designed. It however, gradually relaxed its efforts and about ten years ago ceased to exist.

Youngstown Chamber Ok Commerce

A movement for a new and permanent organization was begun some two years ago, and resulted in the Youngstown chamber of commerce, which was organized in March, 1905. under regular articles of incorporation'.

The officers were chosen as follows: A. E. Adams, president; B. Hirshberg, first vicepresident; C. H. Booth, second vice-president; Charles W. Gilgen, secretary ; R. Montgomery, treasurer. The hoard of directors consisted of C. H. Booth, A. D. Thomas. A. E. Adams, J. E. Fitch, M. I. Arms, R. Montgomery, B. Hirshberg, Charles Hart, David Tod, Louis Heller, J. A. Campbell. Thomas McDonald, John Stambaugh, Geo. J. Renner. Jr., H. L. McElroy.

The by-laws contained eleven articles, the fourth of which provided for the creation of the following committees, each to consist of five members: Education and Schools, Entertainment. Literature. Library. Membership, Municipal, Transportation. Food and Fuel, Public Improvements. Finance Statistics, Fire Insurance, New Industries, Arbitration. Real Estate, Manufactures. Weights and Measures, Taxation. Health and Sanitary Affairs, ! Water and Light. Wholesale Mercantile Interests, Streets. Charity and Benevolence, Postal Affairs, Public Accounting. Auditing, Protective.

The first annual report showed a satisfactory beginning along the different lines of effort, with a list of 284 members. The officers elected were: George L. Fordyce, president: John Stambaugh. first vice-president; Louis Heller, second vice-president; Charles W. Gilgen. secretary; R. C. Stecsc. treasurer. The Board of Trustees consisted of George L. Fordvce. C. H. Booth. A. IX Thomas. A. E. Adams. John H. Fitch. M. I. Anns. R. Montgomery, B. Hirshberg, R. C. Steese, David Tod! I.nuis Heller, J. A. Campbell. Thomas McDonald, John Stambaugh. Frank Hitchcock.

The work of the chamber during its first year, as might be expected, was initial. A numlxT of problems were taken hold of by the different committees, and a satisfactory start made along various lines. As its secretary said in his report: " * * * The chamber has attempted to carry out the puq»ses for which it was organized. It lias t>een as successful as any organization in the fust year of its experience can reasonably hope to be, and its officers have endeavored to make the community at large feel that it is a representative business men's organization, that it is interested in the wefare of our city, and that its opinions of matters of public interest are honest and deliberate."

The report of the secretary for the secoix' year ending April 30, 1907, shows that a considerable amount of work has been done in spreading information in regard to the business resources and opportunities of the city, and its future prospects, and in dealing in a practical way with various local problems, including the water question, the courthouse proposition, questions of health and sanitation, improvements in streets (particularly the widening of Federal street from Euwer's corner to Chestnut street, concerning which a measure is now pending in the council), and other important matters. The Credit Men's Association, which is a branch of the chamber, now consists of sixty-seven members, merchants, manufacturers, bankers and jobbers, whose business, which is mainly an exchange of credit information, is transacted through the office of the 374 cases have been investigated and reported. Chamber of Commerce. Within the past year This organization pays its separate individual expenses by assessments and membership dues collected from its mcml>ers. and its work is not of common interest to the membership at large of the Chamber of Commerce.

Some good work has l>een done by the chamlier to encourage the establishment of new industries here. One of these, the Trussed Concrete Steel Company, has already erected in Youngstown two large factory buildings, equipped with St 10.000 worth of machinery, and has spent in the city up to date $50,000 in wages and $50,000 for material. Their main business is the construction of reinforced concrete work, and the manufacture of reinforcing materials, of which latter they will produce an average of 6.000 tons per month when in full operation. They have branch works in Liven* 10I. England, and Wakefield. Ontario, with offices in all large cities in this and other countries.

Through the chambers efforts, also, the firm of Gross & Dallet, shirtwaist manufacturers, of Cleveland, have been prevailed upon to establish an experimental factory in this city, rented quarters having been secured for them. The experimental phase of their proposition is entirely on the question of securing a sufficiency of female help to run the plant, which will employ ultimately, if successful, from five to eight hundred women. They are already employing 125 and turning out an average of 400 garments per day, being the full capacity of their present quarters. The Chamber of Commerce is still in correspondence with other reliable enterprises, some of which may be finally induced to locate here.

In view of the fact that the most threatening obstacle in the way of a brilliant future for Youngstown is a possible failure of a sufficient water supply to meet its industrial growth, the committee on water and light, , consisting of Messrs. A. D. Thomas, \V. P. Williamson. Carroll Thornton, Louis Lietv man and H. M. Campbell, last fall made a personal examination of the available sites for additional reservoirs tor the storage of the surplus water accumulating during the periods of abundant rainfall. The committee came to the conclusion that the largest available sites for such reservoirs that can be economically secured are those on the Mahoning river in Berlin township, this county, and in Deer- j field township. Portage county- They accordingly began taking options on lands' in these basins and now hold options on alumt fioo acres. A report of their proceedings was filed 1 with the city council in April of the present year, with the offer to transfer their options free of charge to the city, with the request that the council begin proceedings to appropriate the remainder of the lands necessary to establish such reservoirs in this vicinity. The matter, at this writing, is before a special committee of the City Council. Other matters in which the Voungstown Chaml>er of Commerce has been stirring, for the benefit of the business community and the future welfare of the city, are mentioned in the report already alluded to. Enough has here been said to

The Mahoning Gas Fuel Company of j Youngstown was incorporated in 1886, and has since enjoyed a steadily increasing business in the supplying of gas' as fuel for household purposes. It obtains its gas from wells in Allegheny and Washington counties, Pennsylvania, and is now engaged in drilling ! new wells in Brooke county. West Virginia. The company has about 19,000 acres of gas territory and 103 gas wells, supplying Youngstown and the neighboring villages of Poland. Petersburg, and Middleton. As the j wells become exhausted new ones have to be ! drilled to keep up the supply and satisfy the 1 increasing public demand for this fuel.' the average number of new wells opened being about eighteen per year. In each territory these wells are from 2.500 feet to one mile apart, and are connected bv pipe lines with the trunk lines of the company.

The company has a large compressor station at Allegheny, using three 500-horse power compound compressor engines, with other powerful machinery. Their boilers consume from l.joo to i,;oo tons of coal per month.

During its existence in Youngstown the company has given the public excellent service, both as to the quality and cost of its product, selling the gas at twenty-seven cents per 1.000 feet, which is several cents cheaper than the rates prevailing in Pittsburg. Cleveland and other neighboring cities. The best scientific appliances are used to avoid accidents, and it has been shown that there is less liability of fire in the use of gas ,uei. as tlnK furnjsbed, than in the use of coal, not counting the greater convenience and large amount of time saved. The company employs an army of men in the various departments of its busi-

Central Inion Telf.Phonk. Company

Youngstown as the successor of the Midland Telephone Company, a short-lived concern whose franchise was secured in 1882. The company now has 3.400 phones in the city, besides abnit seventy-five at Struthers and fifty at Lowcllvillc. There are also quite a numljer of '-fanner lines" connecting with residences in the country, making the total number of phones outside of the citv projxjr almut 400. The company is now engaged in making extensive improvements in the business section of Youngstown. laying conduits for an underground system, while in the residence section the open wires are licing supplanted, as far as practicable, by cable lines. A piece of pro|>erty at the comer of West Raven and I 'helps street has l>cen purchased, the present building thereon will lie moved, and a tiew fire-proof building for the business offices of the company is soon to be erected. The manager of the Youngstown district is J. P. McGahon.

Yoingstowx Telephone Company

The Youngstown Telephone Company was incorporated in June, 1890, with a capital stock of $2cx).(xk>. It bus at the present time about 3.500 subscribers. It has direct communication over its own lines with Hubbard, Canrteld. and Lowellville, and also connects, through other companies, with North Jackson. O., North Lime, O.. and New Bedford, Penna., these three places aggregating some 500 "phones. The Youngstown office is located in the Dollar Savings ami Trust Company building, near Central square. The local manager is Mr. George G. King.

Business Colleges

A most im]x>rtant factor in the development of the commercial life of Mahoning county has been the excellent business training provided bv the business colleges to the voting men and women who have taken advantage of their opportunities in that direction. Conditions which surrounded the young man or woman twenty years ago are changed.

Prof. J. C- Browne was the founder of business colleges in Youngstown, as well as in Mahoning county. Coming to this city in 1885 he established the Browne Business College, which institution proudly nnmliers among its graduates some of the most successful young business people of the county. This college bad on its faculty during its long career some of the foremost business educators among whom was R. \Y. Ballentine. whose ability as an instructor and skill as a pen artist was second to none in the country. In 1000 Mr. Ballentine left Youngstown to take charge of the department of ]>enmanship in the Banks Business College of Philadelphia, one of the leading schools of its kind in America. During the last years of Mr. Browne's life, owing to his increased age and to sharp competition, this institution was not as flourishing as in its earlier days, but the same high grade work prevailed, and his honest dealing held the confidence of all. Prof. J. C. Browne died in 1907. and with him the college also passed out of existence.

Alxmt the year 1800, a business institution was opened in the Mouser block. Many were its early vicissitudes. The demand for trained office help at that time was small, and the

' Browne College, ow ing to its established reputation, tended to overshadow the younger school. It passed from owner to owner until 1892, when it Ijecame the projierty of E. A. Hall, who had been the proprietor of an instij tution in Logansport, Ind.

Prof. Hall is known today as one of tlie most successful business college men in the country. He not only possesses superior ability as an instructor in commercial branches and iK-nmanship. but is a successful manager as well. At the time of assuming control of '"The Hall Business University" it numbered less than twenty students, and in 1904 it had an annual average attendance of two hundred. Prof. Hall is a jovial, whole-souled man who during the time be was in Youngstown won a host of friends among the business people nt the county, which was of great assistance tu him in placing' his students. He surrounded himself with an al»lc corps of assistants, foremost among whom may be named Richard Yitnn. instructor in stenography and typewriting.

Mr. Vipan was a graduate of Dover College. Dover. England, and many of the young business people of today hear living witness of his success as an instructor. Later he hecame principal of the stenographic department of the Jamestown Bttsiucs.. College. Jamestown. N. Y.. where he is at present.

In 1904. Mr. Hall, desiring a broader field tor his activities, disposed of his institution to Shi it Bros., of Akron, Oliio, and rcinoveil his family to Pittsburg. Pa., where he i> at present the owner of two institutions, one in the heart of the city, and one at East Liberty. ;i -i1.it!,

Short Bros., upon taking over the Hall Business L ni\ ei sitv, made a decided elumge. both in instructors and courses. Clyde W. Osborne, who under Prof. Hall, had lieen assistant manager and instructor, took charge of the commercial department, and Prof. Henry Durkes of Indiana the department of stenography and typewriting, while Mr. C. C. Short, not being an instructor, became manager.

The Hall Business University, in tood, moved from the place of its inception and now occupies one-half the third Moor of the Homer S, Williams hlock, ..11 the comer of Boardman and Market Mreets.

In 180*,. Miss Is;,)k>1 McC.rath. who had for a number of years previous been principal of the stenographic department of the Hal! Business College, severed her connection with that institution and founded a school of her own. in the Excelsior hlock. In the fall of 10.00 she formed a partnership with J. E. Slindcc. who had also heen assoeiatcd with the Hal! P.usiness College for a year previous to this venture. Shortly after this the school was moved from the Excelsior hlock to Nos. 5 and 7 West Federal street, next to the Commcr- : '-<! Na-i --la' P. nk hi Y, \ . o,-, - il . v m. r porated. Shortly thereafter thev removed to

On April 1. loota, J. E. Slindee. who held tlie controlling interest. disposed of the same to C. W. Oslxune. but Mr. Oslmrne took up the practice of law in January, t<>o7. and in February dispose* I of his interest to Miss Isabel Mctirath, who is novv sole owner. Miss Mc- (irath. owing to her thorough knowledge of the subjects taught, and her years of experience, will undoubtedly continue to reap, as in the past, a harvest of richly deserved success.

Before taking up work of this nature. Miss Melirath was engaged in public school teaching m the village of ( iirard ami vicinity. Her home is in ( iirard. w here she has hosts of friends.

Abmt iSijX Pmf. Niswanger founded an instituti i-i in the Diamond block and although enjoying a splendid patronage, he was compelled to discontinue business owing to failing health.

With the exception of a commercial and stenographic department in the Cantield N'ornr'l School, the only institutions of this nature in the county are located in Youngstown. and the dem ni ! for their product more than equals the supply. In K/tf. the three business uisti- -uti. ns in that city educated and placed in positions nearly four hundred young men and women Tlusc four hundred young people, who aro g ing out yearly into the business world, ue to Ih\ in a few years, the captains of ou - vast commercial army.

Prior to July 22, 1895. the State Humane Societv had app anted an agent or officer to prev-iir cruelty to animals and children in Youngstown and Mahoning county. John A. I add bi Mig the first agent so appointed

- us inel - 1 u- I,, , .rgani/e :, - ,ncl\ ' , ' h : v w nr. at. ' under the laws of Ohio and to be known as "The Youngstown Humane Society" for the prevention of cruelty to animals and children and for the prevention of cruelty in any form. The lir-t directors

In December, 1895, the society took action to have a children's home established, which resulted in the establishment of the Glen woods Children's Home.

At the annual meeting of October, 1896, the membership of the Board of Erectors was changed from seven to fifteen. In 1896, J. J. Hamilton became counsel. He was succeeded in that office in January, 1899, by F. L. Baldwin, who held this position until October, 1906. In February. 1898, Joseph Williams became humane agent.

The present officers of the society are: President. Dr. S. R. Frazier; first vice-president, Dr. Ida Clarke; second vice-president, Dr. J. J. Thomas; treasurer, C. P. Wilson; secretary. B. C. Pond; agent, Joseph Williams; counsel. John Schlarb.

Annual Report

Arrests for keeping houses of ill-fame, 4. Letters of warning sent out, 54. Horses ordered shot, 21. Horses and mules unfit for work ordered back to barn, 1 19.

Work Increased

During the last year the work of the agent has increased over twofold. Many complaints are received which do not admit of any publicity or action by the society except such as the agent can give as mediator or peacemaker. Only such cases are brought into court that have arrived at a stage where no amount of arbitration or interceding for one or the other party is of avail.

The work is on the rapid increase as regards complaints to be investigated, for the existence of the Humane Society is now known in almost every home. The trial cases, however, are not as numerous now, owing to the fact that the agent has time to thoroughly investigate each and every case, and, thus seeing the true status, can act immediately without the "airing" of the case in a court room.

merit with Youngstown theater-goers. The company was organized in July, 1872, with William Powers, president; Henry Tod, vicepresident; J. H. McEwen, secretary and treasurer. The building is a substantial iron front structure, 110 feet in length by seventy-eight feet in width. The auditorium is seventy-four j feet square, with an ordinary seating capacity of 1 .400, which is capable on special occasions of extension to 2,000. The stage is thirty feet wide and forty feet deep, while there is an ample sufficiency of commodious and neatly furnished dressing rooms. The ceiling of the house is decorated with allegorical figures representing the drama, music, poetry, comedy, tragedy, and painting. All the decorations and furnishings are of tasteful and artistic design, and are renewed from time to time as the need arises. The house has an enterprising manager in Mr. Joseph Schagrin, who succeeded Mr. J. K. Albaugh at the beginning of the season of 1906-7, and who has shown ability in securing for its patrons a list of excellent at- 1 tractions.

Park Theater

The Park Theater, the present manager of which is Mr. William Dc Shon, was established in 1 901, and is now owned chiefly outside of Youngstown. It is a convenient and well constructed theater, always clean, bright and cheerful ; the spacious auditorium is well heated and well ventilated, the exits in case of fire or panic are many and readily accessible. The management is thoroughly up-to-date, and the performances are clean morally, nothing un wholesomely suggestive being tolerated for an instant. The matinees are well attended by women and children, and special efforts are made to see to the comfort of all.

A Few Statistics

facts in regard to Youngstown's present degree of progress and achievement are given and may be appropriately included for purposes of present and future comparison within the limits of this chapter. The financial and manufacturing interests of the city may be found treated more in detail in separate chapters of this volume.

Youngstown is located on four of the leading trunk lines of the United States and is a midway jxiint on the proposed Ohio River and I-ake Erie Ship Canal, a mammoth engineering project which, when completed, will spread a continuous town from Pitssburg to Lake Eric.

It has a world-wide reputation as an iron and steel manufacturing center. Six banks have combined assets of $18,000,000, with $6,000,000 of savings deposited in these banks.

The Mahoning river furnishes an abundant water supply for manufacturing purposes. Contemplated additions to and enlargements of present industrial plants, part of which are already in course of construction, approximating $10,000,000 in value.

History Of Mahoning Count V.

Three splendid viaducts and numerous bridges connecting the various parts of the city, two hospitals, new city buildings, the county buildings of Mahoning county, children's home, public library, electric light and power plant, natural gas and artificial gas company, steam heating company, two daily i and live weekly newspapers, an enormous and varied output of manufactured products, consisting of steel rails, steel billets, heavy machinery, pig iron, sheet iron, pipe and tubing, blasting powder, leather, table oil cloth, mechanical rubber goods, carriages, wagons and automobiles, steel roofing, brass work, railroad cars, electric supplies, steel furniture and office tiling equipment, anil all varieties of heavy iron and steel manufactures known to the iron and steel manufacturing world.

The Biographical sketches which follow are of some of the earlier residents of Youngstown. Biographies of prominent citizens of later date may lie found in the exclusively biographical portion of this volume.

Notable Personages

JOHN YOUNG came of a Scotch family that settled near Londonderry, in the north of Ireland, in the Sixteenth or Seventeenth century. Here, in 1623, the first of the family whose record is known to us was liom. In 1718, in his ninety-sixth year, with his son and grandson, their brothers and sisters, and sisters' husbands, forming in all fourteen, part of a Scotch-Irish colony, he sailed away from Ireland, and landed in . Boston. Mass.. the same year. One of the descendants settled in Peterborough. X. H., and there John Young was born in 1703. Ab>ut 1780 he emigrated to Whitestown. NT. V.. and in lime. 1702. was married to Mary Stone White, youngest daughter of Hugh White, the first settler there and original pro prietor of a large tract of wild land.

Ohio lands. In 1797 he began the settlement of Youngstown, to which place, two years later, he removed with his wife and two children - John and George. Here two more children were birn to him - William, in 1799, and Mary in 1802. In 1803, Mrs. Young, finding the trials of frontier life, with a latch-string always out, and a table free to all, too great with her young family for her power of endurance, persuaded her husband to close up his business and returned with the family to Whitestown, where her father had kept a home for them.

Mr. Young's nominal occupation subsequently was that of fanner, though he devoted the greater part of his time to other business interests. He was for many years engaged in the construction and siqierintendency of the (ireat Western Turnpike from L'tica to Canandaigua, and later on the Erie Canal, near which lie resided, and upm which one of his sons was employed as civil engineer.

As one of the justices of the peace and quorum. Mr. Young sat upon the l>ench at the first territorial court held at Warren in 1800, and was ever after addressed as Judge Young. He died in April. 1825, at the age of sixtytwo, twenty-two years after his return from Youngstown. His wife survived him fourteen years, dying in September, 1839, in the old home of her father, at Whitestown. X. Y., at the age of sixty-seven.

COLONEL JAMES HILLMAX. one of the most picturesque figures of pioneer days on the Reserve, was b>rn in Northumberland county, I 'a., on the 27th of October, 1762. As a young man he fought for American inde]>cndence in the Revolutionary War, and on its termination accompanied his father to the West, settling on the banks of the Ohio river, a short distance below Pittsburg. In the spring of 1 -So lie was employed by the firm of Duncan iK: \\ ildon as a packhorseman and during the following summer, in the interest of his employers, visited Sandusky, the month of the Cuyahoga, and other places. Subsequently he made several trading excursions up the Ma- j honing river, on one of which, in 1796 or 1797, lie met John Young, and made arrange- . metits with him hy which he soon after re- j moved with his family to the then newly j founded settlement of Youngstown. Of this ] place he was afterwards a resident until his death.

On his farm of sixty acres, on the west side of the river. Mr. Hillman built, so tradition says, the first frame house in the township. .\ix)Ut 1808 he opened in the village a tavern, of which he was proprietor for several years thereafter. He sold it after his return from the War of 1812. in which he served as waponmaster under Colonel Raven.

In 1 818 he sold his farm and opened another tavern, on the corner of Federal and W alnut streets, which he kept until 1824. lie then purchased another farm on the west side of the river, and resided thereon until his death, which occurred Noveml>er 12. 1848, when he had just entered his eighty-seventh year.

Colonel Hillman was frequently elected to public office. In August. 1800, at the First Territorial Court held in Trumbull County, he was appointed constable of Youngstown. , Subsequently he served several terms as appraiser of houses, and was a number of times elected township trustee. He was elected sheriff of Trumbull County in 1806, and on February 16. 1808, he was commissioned as lieutenant-colonel, commandant of the Second Regiment, First Brigade, Fourth Division. Ohio militia, which latter office he resigned in the following year. In 1814 he was j elected representative in the State Legislature. He also held the office of justice of the peace [ for several years, being first elected thereto in 1825.

In early manhood, soon after his return j fmm the Revolutionary War. he was married I in Western Pennsylvania, making his wife's ; acquaintance at a dance and marrying her on the some evening, the dancing being suspended for a few minutes while the ceremony was performed. This union, though childless, proved -a happy one. Mrs. Catherine Hillman survived her husband seven years, dying in August. 1855. at the advanced age of eightythree. She was the first white female resident of Youngstown. and was noted for her hospitality and kind neighborly traits of character.

Colonel Hillman was a typical pioneer. Brave, hardy, adventurous and shrewd, he was well fitted to endure the toil and encounter the dangers of a life in the wilderness, and his fame as a man of courage and ready resource, yet of circumsjject judgment, has come down to our ebv, and we know him as one of the most worthy among the founders of the community of which we are today members.

JUDGE WILLIAM RAY EN was born in Kent County, Md.. Octol>er 1. 1776, and moved to Youngstown as early as 1802, l)cfore Ohio had been admitted into the Union; he was therefore one of the earliest pioneers of the Western Reserve. The early records of Youngstown township, then a part of Trumbull County, mention that the first public meeting to organize was held in his house, and the first township officers were elected there April 5, 1802. Subsequently he was elected and reelected to different township offices, and became one of the foremost citizens in the public life of the community.

In the War of 181 2, when about thirty-six years of age, he went out under General Harrison as colonel of the First Regiment. Third brigade of militia, raised in the Western Reserve, in his command lieing Major Mackey. Dr. Henry Manning. Charles A. Board man, and Colonel Hillman. He was ever regarded with affection and esteem by those who had served under him. He was always a strong factor in the political party to which he belonged, and its prominent memliers throughout the State were frequent visitors and guests at his house: among these were David Tod and John Brough, both of whom were afterwards governors of Ohio. He was appointed by the Governor of the State as associate judge on the Trumbull County bench, and from that period was generally addressed as Judge Rayen. except by his military friends, who continued to call him colonel. The leading events of his life, which are of public record, establish the fact of a steadily acquired prominence, not only local, but in the State, which can be best accounted for by conceding his unusual ability to rise from moderate beginnings.

In 1840 he was elected by the legislature as president of the board of public works of the State, and his entire life from the time of his coming to Youngstown up to and beyond this period shows him to have been a man of unusual energy and sagacious judgment in the management of business affairs. Without mentioning minor instances of his activity, records show that he was one of the corporators, and a director in the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal Company, the first public work affecting the growth of the town, and built a warehouse on its banks ; that he was a stockholder in the Cleveland & Mahoning Railroad Company, the first railroad in the valley, and that he was the first president of the Mahoning County Bank, the first bank organized in Youngstown. During all this time he continued the extension and improvement of his landed possessions, and built a house suitable to his growing position with all the accessories - garden, orchard, shrubbery, and stables - that mark a well cared for homestead. His farms were large and easily distinguishable by the superiority of their fences and well known red gates. His cattle were of select breeds and his sheep of the finest merino. Visitors from his own and other States came long distances to see his stock, famous for their quality. As the owner of well managed farms and superior live-stock, the general acknowledgment was that he was without a peer in this part of the country.

Judge Raycn was a strong man, mentally and physically, with a distinct voice and of good presence, not much above the middle height, and weighing 280 pounds. He was polite in manner, impressive in intercourse, and in the presence of women particularly courteous; though affable to all, and possessed of considerable humor, few would venture on familiarity unless on friendly terms before. He was particular in dress, somewhat in the style of earlier days ; when he was seen in his black coat, or a blue coat with gilt buttons.

! buff colored vest and fine ruffled shirt, his portly form seated on a bench under a large tree near his house, with his hands folded over the top of his gold-headed cane, he presented an attractive, even a picturesque, appearance, well known to everyone; and in this position, when weather permitted, his friends at home and from abroad might expect to find him when not particularly engaged.

His domestic habits were simple and orderly. An early riser himself, the business of the day began early with the family and domestics. Systematic in everything, the machinery of affairs ran smoothly and proclaimed a master at the head. Integritv and candor were essentials to his esteem and favor, either in dependents i or friends. lie was discerning, and when favorably impressed was generous in intercourse and often liberal in aid where required. There was a certain highmindedness in himself, which made him faithful and open to his

; friends, but unapproachable by those on whom his esteem could not rest. He estimated men for their qualities rather than for what they possessed, and so his friendships were to be

He was not a professor of religion, although his family and household were mostly church members, but at the request of his wife, who was a religious woman, he fitted up a large room in an adjoining store building to be used for religious meetings at her disposal. On her death he built a stone vault not far from the dwelling, in which her remains were laid to rest, and to the end of his life thereafter it was his custom, on the anniversary of her death, to enter and remain in this vault for some time alone. On the subject of bis religious views he was not demonstrative. Being a Royal Arch Mason and attached to

, the order, he had avowed bis belief in God, and in the Bible as bis inspired word, and that probably was the only open declaration of his faith ever made.

est and cheerful in conversation. lie was endowed with practical good sense and a strong will, and in his undertakings kept abreast, if not in advance, of the times and circumstances about him, and thereby af>j>eared to stand on elevated ground among his neighbors, and in that attitude by common consent, was recognized throughout the country when spoken of.

So far the history, individuality and surroundings of the judge arc presented in a concise manner, without referring to that feature of his character in which the people of Youngstown are most interested, and on which his memory will most securely rest, namely, his benevolence; and it may be well, before treating of his bequest for a public school, to have introduced the personality of a distinguished man who was a living active figure in the early settlement and growth of this part of Ohio during the first half of the Nineteenth century, and who, having passed through the hardships of pioneer times successfully, had at the end of his long life a desire to promote civilization by education of the people, and for that purpose founded an institution of learning with a liberality that is without an equal for its munificence in this community.

Vague expectations of some generous act were entertained for some time by his friends, but nothing definite was known until his will was read after his death, in 1854. The secret of his intentions was his own and was not divulged to any, yet, when made known, his bequest was not a surprise. On many occasions he had S|x>ken with commendation of gifts to public institutions, colleges, or libraries, and more than once with particular praise of Stephen Girard's will founding a college at Philadelphia. Many reasons may be advanced, not altogether speculative, why he should select a public school as the object of his benefactions. He was a thorough American, l>orn with the Revolution, and a defender of his country in its early wars -.and living inthetimes when the future of the new republic w as a sul>- jeet discussed at home and abroad, he believed its perpetuity depended on the intelligence of the ]>cnple as much as on their bravery, and that provision for their education was a patriotic duty. The public school system of today was not then in existence ; opportunity for education of the young w as precarious, depending on private subscription, so that to adopt some plan of a permanent nature, particularly for children of the poor, was a noble inspiration. Then, again, his own education, though fair, was limited, and it was a source of regret to him that opportunity for higher attainments was not his lot w hen young.

! causes, the benevolent act was his own well matured purpose, and his will is the best exponent that can be given of his motives. It was framed with a sagacity for which he was noted ; the perpetuity of its l)encfits w as a first consideration ; that the doors of the school should be open to all children of Youngstown. and especially to those of j>oor parents, was a part of his broad philanthropy, and to avoid exclusiveness, no particular religious sect should have supremacy in its management, but good moral teaching should l>e an essential in its teachers, thus making the institution j Youngstown was about 4,000, and the value of property greatly Mow the present; wealth was estimated by a different standard, and therefore the amount bequeathed was at the time relatively large; and when it is rememl>ered that it was given out of his most available means, not dependent on the uncertain value of landed property, which, though since, very great, could not then have been estimated, it is seen that this cherished purpose of his was, by design, most securely provided for, and in this provision of his will, the habit of doing well whatever he undertook, is clearly exemplified.

Having no children of his own. and yet know n to l>c a lover and friend of the young all his life, it might be said that he adopted the children of Youngstown to be his heirs, leaving to them an inheritance of great educational value for all time, by which his name would be perpetuated, and should this ambition have entered into the purpose of the generous deed, there is nothing unworthy in it. The field of his l>enefaction has greatly enlarged since the will was made, and the trust has been so wisely and ably managed that its benefits have attained a proportion beyond any expectation the donor could have entertained at the time. The population of the city has increased to about 78.000, made up of a new generation, who generally look upon Kay en school as the ordinary outgrowth of civilization, unmindful of its founder, who. if remembered at all, is as s.one indistinct person in the past, almost mythical in character. Few recognize the advantages of the school as the result of the foresight and benevolence of one of the earliest settlers in Youugstown. or consider that, if he had not existed and done the generous deed, the city would l>e wanting in one of its chief attractions and most useful institutions. - [From a sketch bv Hon. Thomas H. Wells.]

ROBERT MONTGOMERY was born April 5, 177.3, 'n Danville, Chester County, Pennsylvania. His father. General William Montgomery, was a colonel in the Revolutionary army, and at one time a member of the Continental Congress. Both father and son were surveyors, the subject of this sketch being employed as assistant to the surveyor-general of Pennsylvania. While following his profession in the western part of that State prior to the settlement of the Reserve, Robert Montgomery made a journey up the Mahoning river, visiting the site of Youngstown. Here, IxMween 18 12 and 18 to, lie purchased land near the mouth of Dry Run. and established a homestead on which he subsequently resided until his death.

Having in his younger days acquired a knowledge of llie furnace business he made a second journey to Ohio, almut 1805. and selected a site for a furnace on Yellow Creek, in Poland township. This site \vr<s on the farm of John Struthers, with whom he entered into partnership. A furnace was erected and put in blast in 1806 or 1807, and was the first furnace successfully run in Ohio. A furnace on Yellow Creek had been previously erected by Dan Eaton, but was riot successful. In 1807.

Mr. Eaton sold his furnace, ore, and other rights to Mr. Montgomery and his partners, among the latter lieing James Mackav. Roliert Alexander, and David Clendcnin. The Montgomery furnace was run .successfully until the War of i8u interrupted the business and it was not resumed.

After closing up his furnace business Mr. Montgomery took up his residence on the farm already mentioned. He was selected justice of the peace, in which office he served for a number of years. He was a man of good education and well informed on general topics. Having served for some time as a major in the militia he was generally given his military title in conversation. He died in 1857. Major Montgomery was twice married. His first wife died young, leaving one child, Mary, who married Mr. Corry. He married, second, in 1814, Mrs. Louisa M. Edwards, widow of John S. Edwards. Of this union there were three children. Rol>ert Morris, Caroline Sarah, who became the wife of Dr. Moses Hazeltine, and Ellen Louise, who married Samuel II inc.

DAN EATON was one of several brothers who came to Ohio from Pennsylvania soon after the settlement of the Reserve, about 1803 or earlier. Little is known of his early his"- tory. His name was originally Daniel Heaton, but he had it contracted by act of legislature, deeming it to contain superfluous letters. The first authentic information in regard to him is derived from a contract made between him and Robert Alexander and David Clendenin. and dated June _»3. 1807. in which he contracts to sell them the "'Hopewell Furnace." together with io_> acres of land which formed a part of the property, and all of which he held by contract with Turhand Kirtland ; also "his interest in and to the whole of the iron ore on the plantation of Lodwick Ripple, which he held under an agreement with said I»dwick; also certain other rights to wood." etc. On the date of his agreement with Lodwick - August v. '803 - he made a contract for iron ore preliminary to building a furnace. It also appears that on October 17, 1804. he made contracts with others for wood for char- coal to run the furnace, which probably then was nearly ready to start. The exact date at which he "blew in" is not known, but it was undoubtedly at some time between 1804 and 1806 inclusive. This furnace was located upon Yellow Creek, about one and one-fourth miles south of its junction with the Mahoning river, in Poland township. To this place he came, it is believed, about 1800. The price for which he sold his furnace, with ore rights, etc., was S5/00, and the price of the laud was not quite $3.50 per acre.

After thus selling out his rights in this business he went to Niles, Trumbull County, where, with his brother James, he established a forge, using the pig iron made at the Yellow Creek furnaces, the delivery to him of which as part of the purchase price of the furnace was one of the conditions of the contract above referred to. Subsequently with the same brother, and possibly others of the family he built a furnace at Niles which was in operation as late as 1856.

About 1825. with his brother James, Reese and Isaac Heaton, sons of James, and Eli Philhps, he built a furnace on Mill Creek, in Youngstown, the first in the township, a short distance below the Mahoning falls. About this time, and for a number of years after, he resided on a small farm on the west side of Mill Creek near its junction with the Mahoning, it being a part of the tract originally purchased on which to build the furnace.

Mr. Eaton was a man of strong prejudices and fiery passions. Though imperfectly educated he had a good mind and possessed a fair stock of general information. He several times changed his religious views, being in his younger days a Methodist, afterwards holding deistical views, and in his later years inclining to Spiritualism. lie held pronounced opinions en financial questions, believing that kinks should not issue currency, but that all paper money should he notes issued by the United States Treasury, and should Ik- made a legal tender; that offices should lie established in the several States for loaning these notes, and that the government should reap the benefit of the interest on the notes loaned and used as cm* rency. These views with others he embodied in a bill which he prepared in 1847 anu f°r" warded to Congress, accompanied by a petition signed by many of his friends and neigh- I bors requesting its passage.

Mr. Eaton was an early advocate of the temperance cause, organizing at Niles, as early as 181 1, the first ternix-rance society known in this region. He and his family, with many ' others, signed the total alwtinance pledge, to which he ever afterwards adhered. That he was highly regarded by his fellow citizens is evidenced by the fact that in 18 13 he was Senator from Trumbull County, and in j8jo Representative from the county in the State Legislature, his co-reprcsentative being Hon. F.lisha Whittlesey.

Mr. Eaton died at Youngstown about I 1857, at the house of his daughter, Mrs. Han- | nab E. Kendle, with whom he had lived sev- I eral years after the death of his wife.

JAMES MACKEY, one of the most prominent and influential among the early settlers of the Western Reserve, was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1776. His early history is not fully known, ,but that he had received a good education is evidenced by the fact that at the time of his arrival on the Reserve he was a "well trained practical surveyor, an excellent accountant, and a good mathematician."

He arrived in Poland township about 1805, coming from Pennsylvania to assist Robert Montgomery in building a furnace on Yellow Creek, of which furnace he subsequently became part owner, being also connected with the company as lwokkeeper until operations were discontinued aliout 1812. About that time he entered the army, and was subsequently promoted to the office wf adjutant in the fourth division of Ohio militia, commanded by Major-General Wadsworth. "During the war he was also assistant paymaster of the division, and his accurate rolls, and their careful preseri vat ion. was of great aid to the soldiers in after j years in enabling them to furnish evidence of their military service, and thereby obtain > bounty land warrants and pensions. His early training' and business capacity well qualified bim for these positions, and bis kind and generous treatment of the soldiers won him their gratitude, affection and resjHxt. His military employments gave him the rank and title of major."

About 1816 he entered into mercantile business in Yonngstown with Colonel William Raven, under the style of Rayen & Mackey, their store being a log building, situated on the northeast corner of Federal and Holmes streets. This partnership lasted for several years and during its continuance Major Mackey purchased a farm of 275 acres, northeast of the territory covered by the present city of Yonngstown. He and Colonel Raven, who owned a neighlx.ring farm, just over the township line, in Coitsville. became friendly rivals in the production of hue cattle and swine. He was also often employed as land surveyor.

Major Mac-key was frequently elected by his fellow citizens to public oflke. In 1814 he was elected township clerk; in 1822 and 1823. township trustee, and in subsequent years trustee, supervisor of highways, fence viewer, overseer of the poor and justice of the peace. In 1819 he was elected county commissioner for a term of three years. In 1822 he was elected representative from Trumbull County to the General Assembly, there l>cing eight other candidates. His associate was Cyrus Bosworth. In 1830 he was elected treasurer of Trumbull County for two years, and in collecting the taxes he visited each year all the thirty-five townships of the county, performing his journey on the back of his favorite horse. "Bob."

Major Mackey was a man of excellent qualities, active and industrious, public-spirited, of strict integrity, with good judgment, and great firmness and decision of character. Matters of difference l>ctween his neighbors were often referred to him for settlement, and his decision rendered only after full hearing of all the facts, were always accepted by them as tinal. His death took place August 15. 1844. when he was sixty-eight years old.

Miss Margaret Farley, of Coitsville, 0. She survived him many years, dying May 14, 1870, at the age of seventy-two. They were the parents of eight children of whom three died young. The others were David, Nancy, (who married Dr. Will Kreaden), James, Robert and Letitia, who became the wife of Andrew Kirk. David, James and Robert Mackey were associated in partnership for a number of years in the real estate business in Youngstown. They built the first street railroad in that city, of which for a number of years James Mackey was presirent.

JOHN K. WOODBRIDGK was born in Stoekbridge. Mass.. June 24. 1 777, son of Jahleel and Lucy (Edwards) Woodbridge. His mother was a daughter of Rev. Jonathan Edwards. He acquired his early education in his native town of Stoekbridge and afterwards learned the trade of tanner with William Edwards, a relation, who resided in the State of New York, and with whom he remained until attaining his majority. In 1798 he went to Philadelphia where he worked at his trade, as he did subsequently in I-ancasler. Pennsylvania, and Baltimore, Maryland. He was married in 1803 to Miss Mary M. Homer, who was born in Wilmington, Delaware, in 1783. In the summer of 1807 the family, which then included two children, removed from Baltimore, where they were then residing, to Yonngstown, making the journey in a large wagon. Here Mr. Woodbridge purchased the tannery of Joseph Townsend. who was the first tanner in Youngstown, and who then gave up his trade to become a farmer. The tannery lieing small. Mr. Woodbridge enlarged it and continued the business during the rest of his life, in his latter years, however, leaving the active management of the business largely to his sons, who were his partners. Among his employees, it is said, was Mr. Grant, grandfather of President Grant.

In the War of 1S12 Mr. Woodbridge served as paymaster of Colonel Raven's regiment during the six months that it was in the field. He died in Youngstown December 1.

"His uniform urbanity, intelligence, integrity, refinement, and morality of deportment commanded the respect of all. and the cordial attachment of those who best knew him. which, unshaken by adversity and trial, he has born with him to the grave. He was a modest man, with qualifications for official station which won the confidence of his fellow citizens, but he recoiled from its responsibility, and steadfastly resisted all offers of public favor."

His wife survived him several years. They were the parents of eleven children : Lucy, who married Jonathan Edwards; John, George, Timothy, Henry, William, Walter, Samuel, Elizabeth, who became the wife of George Tayler; Louisa Maria, married to Robert W. Tayler, and Stark Edwards.

DANIEL SHEHY was born in County Tipperary. Ireland. The exact date of his birth is not known. He was well educated, and after arriving at man's estate came into possession of his inheritance and emigrated to America, this being just after the close of the Revolutionary War. At Altxiny. Xew York, he met John Young, by whom he was persuaded to seek his fortunes in Ohio, and whom he accompanied on the latter's first trip to the Western Reserve. In company with Mr. Isaac Powers he assisted in the survey of the Reserve. Their only white predecessor was Colonel Hillman, whom they met on the banks of the Mahoning. Mr. Shehy selected and purchased one thousand acres of land for which he paid $2,000. four hundred acres of which lay east of the present city of Youngstown, and the other six hundred on the south bank of the river. Having concluded the bargain in good faith and secured, as he thought, a homestead, Mr. Shehy married Miss Jane McLain, of Beaver County. Pennsylvania, and built a cabin on the bank of the river, between Youngstown and Haselton. Here for many years they endured patiently the hardships and privations of pioneer life, and would have been content, but for one cloud which darkened their horizon. This was the difficulty in getting a title to their land. Mr. Young, who had been offered by Robert Gibson for the land south of the river fifty cents an acre more than Mr. Shehy had paid, refused to give the latter a deed, and there being then no law courts, the latter had no legal redress. This led to trouble between the parties, and on one occasion it is said, Mr. Shehy gave Mr. Young a sound thrashing, for which he was imprisoned and fined. As a last resource, Mr. Shehy left his wife and children in the wilderness, and set out on foot to Connecticut to try to obtain justice from the original proprietors of the land. The latter obliged Young to give Mr. Shehy a deed for the remaining four hundred acres. Though his health had been severely tried by the hardships he had undergone, he lived to rear a large family, and was recognized by his neighlx>rs as a warm-hearted, generous, intelligent and public-spirited citizen. In religious faith he was a Roman Catholic.

Nathaniel Gardner Dabney

NATHANIEL GARDNER DABNEY was born in Boston. Mass., about the year 1770 or 1 77' - an'l was a member of a respectable and influential family. His father, Nathaniel Dabney, who was surgeon of a ship owned by himself and brother, was lost at sea, the vessel leaving port and never after being heard from. The mother of the subject of this sketch, was in maidenhood a Miss Betsey Gardner, of Connecticut, a woman of very superior qualities. Nathaniel was the only child of his parents and was given an excellent education. Having considerable means and desiring to see something of the western country, he came to Pittsburg, where he was induced by a friend to join with him in the purchase of a tract of land in Youngstown township, their intention being to engage in mercantile Inisiness. The friend dying before their plans were completed young Dabney found himself in possession of land which he scarcely knew how to turn to account, having no practical knowledge of agriculture.

In 1813, Mr. Dabney. after a short illness, died of consumption, and his farm was divided among his children, lie had a large family, several mcinliers of which subsequently l>ecamc well known and prominent in the business and social world of Youngstown.

COLONEL CALEB B. WICK was t»rn October 1. 1795. son of Henry and Hannah (Baldwin) Wick. He was a descendant of Job Wick, of Southampton, Ling Island, N. Y., who, according to the family records, was married to Anna Cook Dcccml>er 21, 1721. In April. 1802, Henry Wick purchased of John Young the square in Youngstown hounded by West Federal. Wood, Phelps, and Hazel streets, and a lot of thirty-seven acres outside of the town plat for $235. Here he engaged in business as a merchant, and in the spring of 1804 removed his wife and four children to Youngstown. He died November 4, 1845. His widow, Hannah B, Wick, died April 10, 1840.

Caleb B. Wick received such an education as was obtainable in the schools of that period, a part of his time being spent in assisting his father in the latter's mercantile business. In the fall of 1815 with Dr. Henry Manning, he opened a country store, connecting with it a drug store, the first in this part of the Reserve. He remained in partnership with Dr. Manning in this store for about ten years.

Subsequently he continued in mercantile business in other buildings until 1848. at which time he retired. His time afterwards was devoted to the care <>f his estate, which had become very large. He died June 30. 18(15. when nearly seventy years of age. having lieen fur some years previously the oldest citizen in Youngstown.

During his active life he held a number of positions of public trust and honor. < hi June 2, 18 1 7, he was commissioned by Governor Worthinglon lieutenant of the Third Company, First Batallion, First Regiment, Fourth

Division, Ohio Militia, having be«n first elected to that position by the company. Septeml)er 3, 1818, he was commissioned captain of the same company. On March 22, 1822, he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the same regiment, and in the fall of the same year colonel of the regiment, which position he held for several years.

He was twice elected township clerk of Youngstown - in 1820 and 1824 - was subsequently trustee, and held other township offices. He was also postmaster of Youngstown from Novcmlier. 1K41. to March. 1843.

Colonel Wick married, January 1. iSio, Miss Rachel K inland, daughter of jared Kirtland, of Poland, Ohio. Of this union there were two children, one of whom died in infancy. In November. 1828, he married for his second wife. Miss Maria Adelia Griffith, of Youngstown, previously of Caledonia, Livingston County. N. Y., who lx>re him ten children. "In social life, as a citizen, a neighbor, and a friend. Colonel Wick was liberal, kind and warm hearted. In his house everybody felt at home and his hospitality knew no limit. Indulgent to his own family in social joys, and cheerful to the last, he had great delight in the society of the young as well as the old."

JOHN M. EDWARDS was horn in New Haven. Conn.. Octolier 23. 1805. His parents were Henry W. and Lydia (Miller) Edwards, and he was a grandson of Judge Pierrcpont Edwards, one of the original proprietors of the Western Reserve, and a great grandson of Jonathan Edwards, the eminent theologian and an early president of Princeton College. On his father's side he was of Welsh and English descent. His maternal grandfather was John Miller, a native of London. England, who came to America prior to the Revolutionary W ar and who was a captain in the merchant marine.

The subject of this sketch was graduated at Yale Co'tege in 1824. afterwards read law with Judge Bristol at New Haven, and was admitted to the bar of Connecticut in 1S26. and to the bar of the Circuit Court of the town in July, 1832. but at that time remained but a few months, soon alter removing to the northern part of Trumbull county, where he engaged in business other than that pertaining to his profession. Admitted to the bar of Ohio by the Supreme Court in August, 1838, he began the practice of law at Warren. In 1840, and for some years thereafter he was editor of the Trumbull Democrat. A bankrupt law lieing passed in 1X41. he was ap|*mited by the United States district court commissioner of bankrupts for Trumbull County, which office he held until the repeal of the law. In 1842 be was nominated by a Democratic convention, and without any previous knowledge on his part that it was contemplated, representative in Congress from the old Nineteenth district to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Hon. Joshua R. Giddiugs, and although not elected, his party l>eing greatly in the minority, he largely cut down the opposition vote. He was commissioned captain of militia in 1841, and in 1843 was appointed school examiner for Trumbull County.

On the organization of Mahoning County in 1846, Mr, Edwards removed to Canneld, where he practiced law until 1864, at which time he removed his office to Voungstown. In 1S68 he took up his residence in this city, remaining here subsequently until His death. | While a resident of Canl'ield he was several times ap|K>inted school examiner for Mahoning County, and was tendered a re ap|x>intment after his removal to Youngstown, which, however, he declined.

He was one of the clerks of the Senate during the session of the Ohio Legislature of 1804-65. Subsequently he was several times elected justice of the peace of Youngstown township, holding that office from i8<*> to 18-8.

A large part of Mr. Edwards' time was occupied by journalism. Shortly after hi* removal to Outfield in t8|<> he became editor and -me of the publishers of the Mahoning Iiu!e\\ the first newspaper published in Mahoning County, ami from 1855 was weekly the Mahoning Register of

Youngstown, writing under the nom de plume of "Quill Pen." This correspondence was continued up to 1864, in which year he became associate editor of the Register, and was connected with it for several years subsequently. For some fourteen years - from 1865 to 1R79 - he was the Youngstown correspondent of the Cleveland Herald. He was also one of the founders of the Mahoning Valley Historical Society in 1874. and with William Powers, was editor of the valuable and interesting volume of "Historical Collections," published by the society in 1876. He contributed to the press many interesting articles containing reminiscences of pioneer days, and "»e of his last and most congenial lal>ors was the editing of the "History of Trumbull and Mahoning Counties," published at Cleveland. 0.. in 1882.

Mr. Edwards was married, July 14. 1842, at Warren, O., to Miss Mary P.. daughter of Joseph Grail. Mrs. Edwards was a talented amateur artist. She died at Youngstown, May 1 5, 1877, leaving three children, of whom Henrietta Frances, married Stanley M Casper, of Youngstown, and Henry \V. Ijccame a merchant in Philadelphia.

PATRICK O'CONNOR was l*,rn in Clonmel, county Tipperary, Ireland. March 9. 1840. His father was a tanner who emigrated to America with his wife and son in the spring of 184-;. They went first to Quebec and thence to Montreal, finally settling in Upper Canada, in the village of Newmarket, between Toronto and Lake Simcoe. Here the family was increased in course of time by one other' son and three .laughters, and here also the subject of this sketch received his elementary education, to which he subsequently added largely by private study.