Seattle, Washington - History, 1891 (part 11 of 14)

He also, in company with Rev. D. Bagley, Philip H. Lewis, and others undertook the opening of the coal mines now belonging to the Oregon Improvement Company. This was begun first by !)uilding a wagon road from Lake Washington to Coal creek, then hauling the coal to the lake and transporting the same in a small boat across to Fleaburg or where the power-house of the Yesler avenue cable road now stands, thence by wagon to town, bringing in some three or four tons per day, the cost of which for mining and transportation was from six to seven dollars per ton.

He has at different times written in regard to the coal deposits of Washington, both for home and other papers, having full confidence from an early day in the extent and richness of this important factor in the future growth and wealth of the state.

for twelve years past, and still ia at the time of this writing, ]«!ll, the stated cleik at I the Preibytety of Puget Sound. The degree of D. D. was conferred upon him hj Hanover Callege, his .-Urna MaUr. in 1H!W.

combined to make the new state ol Washington what it is, could be complete that made no nienlion of those wlio have aided in making the laws of the state, who have seen tlicm executed, and who have held the scales of justice in the higher conrtt of the territory and slate. Among the men who have been tlius engaged, Judge C H. Hanfbrd must be awarded a prominent place. He is a aelf-made man, inheriting from his ancestors only those qualities of mind and heart that have enabled hitn to command success. His ramily Dame indicates its English origin, and on bis mother'a side there was some blood connection with that people of iron will who, while under the name of Hngenots, were driven from France. His father was a farmer in Van Bnren county. Tnwa, and there C H. Hanford was bom in 1k4C In 1.153 the elder Hanford detennined to abandon Iowa with his young family, and follow the coutm of empire to the far west. He reached Pnget Sound and look up a donation claim beside a sawmill, aronnd which clustered a few log cabins. That is but thirty-eigbt years ago, yet the elder Hanford. who died in IS134, lived long enough to see the logging camp l)eside wliicii he had located, lieeome tlie beautiful city of Seattle. Its prosperity, and the consequent enhancement of his property in value, finally madt good to him lie.ivy losses which he sustained by Indian depredations, and the interruption of business incident to the Indiau war of IS-Vi - ">(), by which he was impover. i.shed, during the years iu which his sons were growing to manhood.

In his childhood, the subject of this sketch acquired the first rudiments of learning in the village school of Seattle. When he was twelve years of age the family removed to San l-'rancisco. There he took a course in a commercial college, otherwise he is entirety self educated. During his youth he acquired knowleiige in a practical way, by working in factories, in stores aiul in offices, in whatever capacity he could obtain employment, and at the same time devoted his evenings lo the study of books. This habit of night study he has continued Ihrongh life. In 18*iti his people returned to Seattle, and young Hanford was emploj'ed for two year^ carrying the mail to I'uyallup. Twenty years ago that emi)lciymeut Has not devoid of danger, and he needed a brave heart and a good hiiTsc to ui.ikc the weekly trip over his route, which «a5 then for the most j.iirt a mere tr^dl lhrouu:h a gloomy forest. Abandoning mail carrying, he tool: for a lime to farming, aw\ then went to Walla Walla. He laiighl a country ^-chool in W^iHa Walla county for sonic time, worked on faniis there and on lllack river, and then cntcrtd a lawyer's oflicc in Seattle. He read law in G- N. McConaha's office in l^T;i, and was ;i.iiniltt.d lo the bar in February, ]s7o. In InT-i he was appointed United States Commissioner, and held that office until the following year, when he was elected to the territorial council. After a single term as a member of the legislature, he declined to l)e a candidate for re-election, and gave his undivided attention to the duties of his profession. In 1H82 the city of Seattle l)ecame his client, by placing Mr. Han ford in office as city attorney, to which position he was again elected in 1SH4, and again in ISST). United States Senator J. B. Allen was United States attorney for Washington Territory in IHSl, and in that year showed his appreciation of Mr. Hanford by securing hi.s appointment as assistant United States attorney, which position he held until he resigned it, more than a ye-tr after Mr. Allen had Ijeen retired by the change in administration, which occurred in 1885.

Meanwhile his practice was growing, his careful and jiainstaking presentation of every case entrusted to him by a client had extended his influence and reputation, and when General Harrison .issumed the reins of office, in March, 1H89, C. H. Hanford was at once chosen chief justice of tliis territory. His office lapsed on the inauguration of the machinery of state government, but the Tresident has again appointed him United States Judge for the district of Washington

Judge Hanford is an unpretentious and unassuming man. Remarkably quiet and modest, he has allowed his work and integrity to speak for him, and it is little to say of him that he enjoys, irrespective of party, the universal respect of the people of Seattle and of the state. Indeed, he is an example of how talent and worth will come to the front in spite of numerous obstacles. Brought to Washington when a child, he has grown up with the country, and he is proud of it. The year he was called to the practice of law he married Miss Clara Haldwin of 01ymi)ia, herself a native of the territory, and their four girls and three boys are equally proud of their young and beautiful country.

At the last election under the territorial regime, the Republicans of Washington Territory were determined to regain the ground which they had lost by having been defeated in the two preceding elections by the Democrats. This they accomplished, and emphasised their victory by a majority of nearly eight thousand under the leadership of C. H. Hanford, who, as chairman of their executive committee, managed the campaign.

This brief sketch of the career of Judge Hanford would not be complete without special reference to those qualities that from the very first gave him prominence and success at the bar. He tried his first case at the term at which he was admitted, and his success was instantaneous. In the trial of his first case he displayed all the skill, fertility of resources, and self-possession of a veteran lawyer. At a single lx)und he sprang into position at the bar which is usually attained only after years of toilsome practice. He is a born lawyer, if there ever was one. He has what the lawyers call a ** legal mind." The somewhat artificial reasoning of the law is to him an easy, natural, orderly and logical formula. The 4ogical faculty in him is singularly well developed. Once his premises are established, his conclusion is a necessary sequence without a hitch or a break. It was always a pleasure to listen to his law arguments. While he was a formidable antagonist before a jury, still his great strength lay in his presenting his case to the court. His statement of the case was always clear, logical and convincing. From the time of his arlmission to the bar up to the day of his appointment as chief justice of the supreme court of the Territory of Washington, be has bod a large and vaiied practic*;, aoil for Uie Lisl ten years he li.is been reco^ J niwd one oftllc leading lawyers of the tcrrilocy anilMAtc. HU inofcsaioniil cartel has been dUtJn^isbeil by nnimn); ilKluAtr^', strict integrity of ptirpc«e and nnsmtT I in^ fidelity to bi« clients. He possesses in an eminent degree ilie quaUtie^ that go ^1 make up a successful lawyer - a daantless spirit, great personal bravery, uiititii industry, liigb integrity, and ua(|ueslioneil fiilelitv to bis clients. He has, tnareoTC * judicial cast of miud, as was very clearly manirestcil during; the short period ii which be held the position of chief justice of the aupreme court of the terrjlury. Ite Inought to the discharge of those duties patience, iadustrv. tmpartUlily and adei^Uflte legal learning, which oiaile him a most cucelleut and satisfactory judge.

CMITH, IJR. Hkkkv a, MucIi has already 'leen relatol in tlicse |iages coiiecming '^ the connection of IJr, Henry A. Smith with the earlier and Irticr hiMury of ScAltle. He belonged to that sniall band of state builders ivbo, in the early fil\te«, come to this portion of Piiget Sound and through many privations and discumfoits nut unattended with dangers, laid Ihe fonndations and have since largely aided in the building of a city already great and destined to be one of the foremost cities of our country.

In a recent periodical tllere appeared a biographical sketch of Dr. Smith which, with slight changes, is here re-produced. He was bom in liSSO near Wooster, Wayne cotinly, Ohio. His fatber was a Baptist minister by profession and was of Germaa descent, while bis motlier was a Virginian lady, of the family of Teal'', H a common «chool education, but the inflaence of a refined mother and an educated father was of infinitely greater service tha» the inferior common schools of thi dnyii in shaping and givin)^ a projier direction to liis intellectual pursuits. From 1 IJareiils he therefore iiiibibed a l;isle [or learniii); and science whicli was. furthei developed at Allegheny College, Pennsylvauiii. Here he also began the study of iiieclidnc which was afterwards prosecuted at Cincinnati. In ISj2 lie joined the stream of youth that u-as journeying Wt^st. California, with her gold fields, was the objective point, but when the Nevada mountains were reached, some happy chance turned the footsteps of the young physician towards the Willamette valley, and he arrived at Portland, Oregon, in IH-)-'.

r<Ktland was not the city of wharfs and warehouses and luxuitous villas that it' to-day, 1ml a logging camp of some hundreds of people, and young Smith hied hi. self elsewhere. He readied Olyiilpia at the close of the year IS-xl, and then loo. ship down Tnget Sound. The poetical element in him was ripe, and he realized to the full the eiicliautitig loveliness of Ihe wooded shores and distant mountains whose hc-anty was rrflecUd in the dark blue waters of I'ugel Sound. There he resolved to ilwi^ll. tlmri- he resolved to bnild him a home, and he diose a daini on one of tlie Sound's tiny biiys whereon to settle. The bay naturally look his name and is knonn " Smith's Cove." To the south of Smith's Cove llierc was a large bay, beside which there was a thriving s.iwniill and a few log cabins. Dr. Smith l>e.-anie physician I" the little settlcniciil uliich has siuce grown to lie the wonderful cily of Seattle. In Is-Vi In- s|K-nl iiiue ni-mlhs ar, surgeon in the Indian war. He was an alili' tiifdical man and a iKitt of n» ordinary talent, a rare scholar and a iiixA wTiler, and his varied talents were utilized to the full to build up the country and the people where he had cast his lot. He was the first person to call attention to the value of tide lands, which he did by a series of articles contributed to the territorial press. He was the first superintendent of schools of the county, and he ably represented it in the territorial legislature. He served three terms in the house and two terms in the council, of which he was president for one ti*rni. His old colleagues still speak of the tact and courtesy of Dr. Smith as the presiding officer of the council, and preserve for him the warmest friendship. He never sought office, never asked for a vote and was never defeated at the polls.

Dr. Smith has long since retired from i)rofessi()tial practice, and devotes all his time to literature, his family and the handling of his extensive property.

He is proud of the people and the city which he has done so much to build up, and when he passes from the scene of his long caret-r to the silence and oblivion of the tomb, there will go with him the p-ayers and love of a nmltitude that revere him for his kindness and simplicity.

Among the contributions of Dr. Smith to the press of Washington have been many valuable historical reminiscences. Among the most interesting of these was that published in the Seattle Sunday Star of ()«.'tol)er 21», ISKT, which is here reproduced both because of its interest to citizens of Seattle and because of its historic value:

Old Chief Seattle was the largest Indian I ever saw, and by far the noblest looking. He stood nearly six feet in his moccasins, was broad shouldered, deep ches'ed and finely proportioned. His eyes were large, intelligent, expressive and friendly when in repose, and faithfully mirrored the varying moods of the great soul that looked through them. He was usually solemn, silent and dignified, but on great occasions moved among assembled multitudes like a Titan among Lilliputians, and his lightest word was law.

When rising to speak in council or to tender advice, all eyes were turned upon him, and deep-toned, sonorous and elixjuent sentences rolled from his lips like the ceaselsss thunders of cataracts flowing from exhaustless fountains, and his magnificent bearing was a«* noble as that of the most cultivated military chieftain in command of the forces of a continent. Neither his eloquence, his dignity or his grace was acquired. They were as native to his manhood as leaves and blossoms are to a flowering almond.

His influence was marvellous. He might have been an emperor but all his instincts were democratic, and he ruled his loyal subjects with kindness and paternal benignity.

He was always flattered by marked attention from white men, and never so much as when seated at their tables, and on sucli occasions he manifested more than anywhere else the genuine instincts of a gentleman.

When Governor Stevens first arrived in Seattle and told the natives that he had been appointed Commissioner of Indian affairs for Washington Territory, they gave him a demonstrative reception in front of Dr. Maynard*s office, near the water front on Main Street. The Bay swarmed with canoes and the shore was lined with a living mass of swaying, writhing, dusky humanity, until old Chief Seattle's trumpet toned voice rolled over the immense multitude, like the startling reveille of a bass drum, when silence l^came as instantaneous and perfect as that which follows a clap of thunder from a clear sky.

at owc« cotunicnt-'ed, in a conversational, plain and straixli I forward style, au explanation of his mission amoii)^ Ibeni. which is too well uadcrstood to require recapitnlatlon.

When he sal down. Chief Seattle arose, with all tlie dignity of a senator who carries the responsibilities of a great nation on his shoulders. Placing one hand on ' the Governor's head, and slowly pointing heavenward with the index Giiger of the ' oilier, he coninieiiced his memorable address in solemn and impressive tones:

Yonder sky has wept tears of compassion on our fathers fur centuries autold, and wtliob. to UB, looks eternal, may change. To-day it is fair, to morrow it may be overcast with clouds. My words are like the stars that never set. What Seattle ray* i Ihe great chief, Washrngton, (the Indians in early times thought that Washington * was still alive. They knew the name to Ik that or a president, and when they heard ' the president at Washington thev mistook the name of the city for the name of the reigning chief. Thev Ihought, also, thai King George was still England'a inonmrcli. because the Hudson bay trxders called tliemselves 'Eiu); George men," Ttiis innocent deception the company was shrewd enough not to explain away for the iDrliana had more respect foi them than they would have had, lind they known England was ruled by a woman. Some of us have learned lietter.l can rely upon, with as much certainty as our pale-face brothers can rely upon tlie return of the aeasons. The son ofthe white chief savs liis father sends us greetings of friendship xnd good-wilt. This is kind, fo- we know he Ua.i little need of our friendship in return, because his ^ people are man)'. They are like the grass that covers the va~t prairies, while tiijr , people sre few, and resemble the scattering trees of a storm-swept pliiiB.

The great, and I presume also good, white chief sends us word tliat lie wants to buy our lands hut is willing to allow us to reserve enough to live on comfortably. This indeed appears generous, for the red man no longer lias rights that he need respect, and the offer may be wise. also, for we are no longer i[i need of a great country- There was a time when our people covered the whole land as the waves uf a windruRled sea cover its shell-paved floor. But that time has long since passed away with the greatness of tribes almost forgotten. I will not mourn over our untimely decay, nor reproach my pale-face brothers with hastening it, for we. loo. may have been somewhat to blame.

When our young men grow angry at some real or ima^nary wrong and disfigure their faces with black paint, their hearts, also are disligured and turn black, and then their cnteUy ii relentless and knows no bounils, nnd oiir old men are not able to

But lei us hope that hoslililies between the re<l man and his pale Uce brothers may ne\'er return. We would have everything to lot>se and nolhiuj; to gain.

True il is that revenge, with our vouug braves, is considered gain, even at the cost of their own lii.-es, but old men who st:iy at home in limes of war. and old women who liave sons to lose, know Ijelter.

Our great father Washington, for I presume he is now our father as well as yours, since Geoi^e has moved his lioundaries to the north; our great ami good father, I say. sends us word by his son. who, no doubt, is n great cliief among his people, that if we do as he desires, lie will protect us. Ilis brave armies will be to us a bristling wall of strength, and his great ships of war will rill our harliors so ibat our ancient enemies far to the norlbwnrd. Ihe Sinisiams and Ilvdas, will no longer frighten our women and old men. Then he will he our father and we will be his children. But can this ever be? Vonr God luvcs yuur people and hales mine: he folds his strong arms lovingly around the white man and leads Iiini as a father leads his infaut son, but he has forsaken his reii children: he makes your people wa.v strong every day, and soon they will lill the land; while our people are ebbing away like a fast-receding tide, that will never How again. The while man's God cannot love his red children or he would protect them. Tliey seem to l>c or])haiis and can look nowhere for help. How then can we become brothers? How can your father become our father and bring us pros]H.Titv and awaken in us ilreanis of returning greatness ?

Vour God seems lo us to be partial, lie came to the white man. We never saw Kim; never even heard His voice; lie gave the white man laws but He had no word for His red children whase teeoiing millions filled this vast continent as the stars fill the firmament. No, we are t^^-o distinct races and must ever remain so. There is little in common between us. The ashes of our ancestors are sacred and their final resting place is hallowed ground, while you wander away from the tombs of your fathers seemingly without regret.

Your religion was written on tables of stone by the iron finger of an angry God, lest you might forget it. The red man could never remember nor comprehend it

Our religion is the traditions of our ancestors, the dreams of our old men, given them by the great Spirit, and the visions of our .sachems, and is written in the hearts of our people.

Your dead cease to love you and the homes of their nativity as soon as they pass the portals of the tomb. They wander far off beyond the stars, are soon forgotten and never return. Our dead never forget the beautiful world that gave them being. They still love its winding rivers, its great mountains and its sequestered vales, and they ever yearn in tenderest affection over the lonely hearted living and often return to visit and comfort them.

Day and night cannot dwell together. The red man has ever fled the approach of the white man, as the changing mists on the mountain side flee l)efore the blazing morning sun.

However, your proposition seems a just onv, and I think my folks will accept it and will retire to the reservation you offer them, and we will dwell apart and in peace, for the words of the great white chief seem to be the voice of nature speaking to my people out of the thick darkness that is fast gathering around them like a dense fog floating inward from a midnight sea.

It matters but little where we pass the remainder of our days. They are not many. The Indian's night promises to be dark. No bright star hovers about the horizon. Sad-voiced winds moan in the distance. Some grim Nemesis of our race is on the red man's trail, and wherever he goes he will still hear the sure approaching footsteps of the fell destroyer and prepare to meet his doom, as does the wounded doe that hears the approaching footsteps of the hunter. A lew more moons, a few more winters and not one of all the mighty hosts that once filled this broad land or that now roam in fragmentary bands through these vast solitudes will remain to weep over the tombs of a people once as powerful and as hopeful as your own.

But why should we repine? Why should I murmur at the fate of my people? Tribes are made up of individuals and are no better than they. Men come and go like the waves of the sea. A tear, a tamananius, a dirge, and they are gone from our longing eyes forever. Even the white man, whose (fO<l walked and talked with him, as friend to friend, is not exempt from the common destiny. We may be brothers after all. We shall see.

We will ponder your proposition, and when we have decided we will tell you. But should we accept it, I here and now make this the first condition: That we will not be denied the prinlege, without molestation, of visiting at will the graves of our ancestors and friends. Every part of this country is sacred to my people. Every hillside, every valley, every plain and grove has been hallowed by some fond memory or some sad experience of my tribe. Even the rocks that seem to lie dumb as they .swelter in the sun along the silent seashore in solemn gran<leur thrill with memories of past events connected with the fate of my people, and the very dust under your feet responds more lovingly to our footsteps than to yours, because it is the ashes of our ancestors, and our bare feet are conscious of the sympathetic touch, for the soil is rich with the life of our kindred.

The sable braves, and fond mothers, and glad- hearted maidens, and the little children who lived and rejoiced here, and whose very names are now forgotten, still love these solitudes, and their deep fastnesses at eventide grow shadowy with the presence of dusky spirits. And when the last red man shall have perished from the earth and his memory among white men shall have become a myth, these shores shall swarm with the invisible dead of mv tribe, and when vour children's children shall think themselves alone in the field, the store, the shop, upon the highway or in the silence of the woods they will not be alone. In all the earth there is no place ileilicaled to solituilo. At ni);1it, vhen the streets of your cities and villages shall be] silent, and you think tliem deserted. Uiey nill throug with the returning boats tbstl once filled aud still love this beautiful lan'd. Tbe while man will never be ulone. Let f him be just and deal kindly with my people, Tor Ihe dead are uot altogether powerlcsB> J

Other speakers followed, but I tooV no notes. Governor Stevens' reply brief. He merely promised to meet them in genera] council on some future oeca to discuss the proposed treaty. Chief Seattle's promise to adhere to the treaty, should '1 one be ratiiied, was observed to the letter, for be wa» ever the unswerving and faith- J fill friend of the white man. The above is hut a fragment of his speech, and lackftj all the charm lent by the grace and earnestness of the sitble old orator and the oi

/'^OLI.INS, John, from early manhood to Ihc present, has lived on Puget Sound, J ^^ where he has been an active participant in many of the important enterprisea 1 which have done so much to hasten the present era of development. Like so manjr J of the pioneers of the Pacific slope who have Iteen the architects of their own (brtUDB j his life has beeu one of great industry. Independent, full of courage, self-reliant 1 and possessing naturally great business sagacity, he has achieved results which place 1 bin) among the most successful business men and financiers in the state of Washing-i ton. For nearl}- a quarter of a century he has made his home in the city to the htsk I tory of which this volume is devoted. A man of strong character, positive and'] aggressive, and a hard and vigorous iight-er for anything his judgment and conscience approves, it is but natural that in many ways and upon many occasions he has been 1 a well recognized force in the community. What he has accomplished, however, ^ both in a public and private capacity, is best told in the following plain story of his 1 life.

He was born at Cootehill, county Cavau, Ireland, in November, 183-5. At the age often he lefl bis home and came to America. Here he began life's battles on his own account, his only capital being rugged health and a stock of pluck such as has made possible the wonderful achievements of America's self-made men. Young Collins remained in New York city for six years supporting himself by his own exer. tions and gaining; that spirit of reliance upon his own powers which is acquired only by those who .ire forced from early >oulli to hew out their own way in the world. In 1S51 he went to Machias, Maine, where fi.r the following six years he w.is engaged in lumbering, aciiuiriiig a thorough knowledge of a business which iu after years was to be of great value. The lumbering iiileresls of Puget Sound had by this lime assumed considerable im|>ortiince and liis attention was called lothisiield. It was this fad which induced him iu July, Is-j7. to start for tbe Pacific coast. Upon arriving .it San Francisco he securcil an engagement to enter the employment of the Puget Mill company at their mill at I'urt ll.imble, wliich he accepted and in September following arrived at Port (".amble.

He reniaiued with the I'ugct Mill company for leu years and liy prudence and good matiageuieut Itiaile a fair start on llie road to financial success, lie invested bis surplus in real estate aud biiiU a hotel in Port tl^iiiible, which lie still owns. In IMi-'i he paid a visit to Seattle and iuvcsted a jiortion of liis earnings here. Two years later, in IWT, he removed to SeattU-. at wliicli time he owned a two-tliird interest in the Occidental Hotel of which he then assumed the mamigenient. At this early day, when the city was a mere straggling frontier village, he forsaw its coming greatness. *' I was snre it was the coming city of the Sound," said he recently, '* and its histor}' has verified my belief." From the day he finst landed here his faith and confidence in the city has never wavered even when the outlook was most discouraging.

Aggressive, energetic and public spirited, he early Ixfcame active in city affairs. He was elected a member of the city council at the organization of the city government in 1869, and served continuously for three terms. In 1S77 he was elected the seventh mayor of Seattle and made the first report of the condition of city affairs issued in the territory. During his term the various departments of the city government were established, the system and metho<ls then adopted remaining in force with slight change until the present city charter came into effect. He was again elected to the city council in 1881-2. It was during his term as councilman that he strongly urged that the city should purchase and own its own system of water works, a policy which, had it then been adopted, would have saved the city years later the expenditure of a large sum of money. He was acting mayor of the city when Villanl and his party made a visit to Seattle in October, issl, soon after Villard had gained control of the Northern Pacific and its branches. The distinguished party was accorded a banquet and presented with a graceful speech of welcome by Mayor Collins which was answered by Mr. Villard.

In 1882 Mr. Collins was elected a member of the council of the territorial legislature and served during the session of lS8o-H4. He was chairman of the committee of commerce and a member of the committee on ways and means, and was one of the most active and useful members of the council. A bill was introduced during this session to provide for the establishment of pilots on Puget Sound. Mr. Collins, in a vigorous speech, opposed the bill, characterizing it in language which has grown historical as an attempt "to put a tax on Clod's highway." The measure was defeated by a decided majority. His conspicuous service, however, during the session was the procuring of an appropriation of ;f(),(MM> for the territorial university, the largest sum which up to that time had ever V)een appropriated to this institution. A desperate fight was made against the measure, but the zealous and well-directed efforts of Mr. Collins overcame the opposition. It was the most notable as well as the most valuable measure of the session.

In the management of his private affairs Mr. Collins has shown a sagacity and a business generalship which have secured for him a large fortune. His real estate and other investments have been conducted on a large scale and with unusual success. He remained proprietor of the Occidental hotel for twenty years, but in 1887 he leased the property to a local company, under whose management it was being conducted at the time of the great fire. Prior to this catastrophe the hotel had lieen enlarged and improved until it was the largest and best equipped house north of San Francisco. The management of his hotel, however, furnished but a single avenue in which his energies have been employed. He has been active in the building of railroads, opening up and operation of coal mines and the establishment of other enterprises no less beneficial to the city. He was one of the incorporators and an active spirit in the building of the Seattle & Walla Walla railroad, an enterprise of the greatest importance in restoring confidence in the business future of Seattle at the darkest hour in the history of the city, and which has brought a value of millions of dollars to the city. He was also one of the ot^anizers of Ihe Seattle GasligU company anil is still actively connected with this corporation. In IH'2, in compaBf I with John Lear}', he opeued and operated the TallKit coal mint's, auil in ISM. i James M. Colman, opened the Cedar river coal mines, which they have ever si operated. Ill connection with these enterprises he has been one of the largest real j estate operators in Seattle and in other parts of the Sound country.

In the critical periods of Seattle's history, when the fate of the city seemed to J hinge on the prompt and proper action of its citizens, John Collins has always been I found not only ready and willing to do his share of Ihe work, but has never failed tc take his stand firmly and resolutely with the advance guard of bis fellow townsmen, This spirit was strikingly shown after the memorable fire of June I!, IHS!), When the I ruins of the Occidental Hotel were still burning, he was engaging men lo clear awaj I the bricks to build a grander building than the one destroyed. When the people, in ( the first shadow of what seemed a terrible calamity, were discouraged and disheart' ened, he said, while working with his ov, a hauda amid the best fruits of his early i manhoo<l: "Within a year we will have a city here that will surpass by far the to* we had before Ibe hre," Such a spirit, evinced at such a time and under such ci cunistauces, could not fail to he contagious. Others equally determined sho«'e<l the | same indomitable spirit, and within the time mentioned Seattle rose from its ashea j greater anil grander than ever. On the s-ile of the old Occidental Hotel to-dsy stands a building as much superior to the one destroyed as the present Seattle is to Ihe old, which is a fitting monument to the energy aud public spirit of its builder.

Mr. Collins is a Democrat in politics, aud throughout bis residence on Pugel Sound has taken a more or less active part in political affairs. During his residence at Port Gamble he was Com mission er of Kitsap county, and upon removing to Seattle had already become known as an efTective worker in behalf of his party. He ' was one of the fifteen freeholders elected by the people to prepare the charter under which the municpal affairs are now conducted, and received ihe largest vote of any candidate on the ticket,

Mr. Collins was married in 1.'<.)I to Mary Ann McKlroy, who dieil in 1N71. Four children were born to tlieiii, of whom two dau^bters are living. He was again married in IHTiS to Miss .\iigLe B. Jackliiig, of Seattle. They have two children, a son and a daughter, enterprises which have contributed to the general good, while bis charities and l)euefactions have been be.slowed with a liberal hand. His mind acts quickly, and when positive and self-reliant, his position on any question is never a doubtful one, nor does he ever hesitate to express his views fearlessly and candidly. His interests are all linked with the city he has done so much to advance toward its present proud position, and it is safe to say that Seattle has no more sincere and loyal fri.nd than be.

/'^OLMAN, Jamrs Murray. To James M. Colnian the city of Seattle owes, in a ^^ great degree, the position it now occupies as the metropolis of the greatest of the new states. This fact is recognized and acknowledged by all ot the older residents of the city who have seen its wonderful growth from the obscure village on the farthest outpost of civilization of twenty years ago. But the great bulk of our population has come here in more recent years, since the work which Mr. Colman set out to accomplish has been fully performed, and when all fears have died out that the Queen City should ever be overshadowed by ambitious rivals. Thus the knowledge our people have of the histor}* of the city does not date back even to the time when, with health broken, Mr. Colman retired to seek a well earned rest. .Another reason which has prevented him from receiving that recognition of his public services to which he was entitled has been his invincible modesty and (^laracteristic reticence. He has studiously avoided every form of public display and has always exhibited a profound distaste for newspai>er commendation or any notoriety attending his business affairs or public work. While at different times he has lent aid toward the establishment of newspapers here, and has contributed largely of his means to enterprises of that nature - aa, indeed, to every other enterprise which might benefit the city - ^he has, to the knowledge of the writer, frecjuently asked as a personal favor that under no circumstances should his name appear, even in the most commonplace way, in the columns of any paper of which he was a stockhoMer. For these reasons his friends have, of late years, been annoyed and pained to see in the public prints the credit for enterprises of great public benefit which he inaugurated and carried to successful conclusions given to other parties who were but casually connected therewith. This has been a matter of supreme indifference to Mr. Colman, but the fact remains that no attempt at an historical sketch of the earlier days of Seattle could have a pretense of accuracy unless it set out in full the public services of that gentleman.

James Murray Colman was born in Dumfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland, on June 17th, 1832. After receiving a thorough technical education as a machinist and engineer, he came to the United States in IHTA. He stayed for a short time in Taterson, New Jersey, and the same year removed to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and entered a large machine shop there. In six months he was promoted to the superintendency of the shop. He remained in Milwaukee until 18()1. In \X\H, while employed in Milwaukee, he married Miss Agues Henderson, daughter of George H. Henderson of Waukesha county. In 181)1 he came to Puget Sound, and was offered and accepted the management of the large sawmill at Port Madison. In the spring of 18(>4 he purchased from Ren ton & Howard the old Port Orchard mill, and left Port Madison to assume charge of his own property. This mill he tore down and rebuilt entirely in 1868. The following year his new mill was entirely destroyed by fire. This calam- tty left Tiim hiinkrnpt and penniless. Bt millwright in the country was by this tic was readily found. Hanaon, Acltennan old village of TaColiia, were desirous of ; Tliey proiuptl)' engaged Mr. Colman t his reputation as the best macbintst and ' e thoroughly established, aiiil employment & Co.. owuers of the lar^ sawmill at tbe ebuilding tlieir mill in a much larger form. liberal salary to superintend the work.

which he did. building for them the largest, best and moat conveiiieiillv and mically operated mill on Pnget Sound. Thoroughly satisfied with his work, when tbe mill was completed, Messrs. Hanson & Co. succeeded in relaiuing Air. Colman to superintend the mill until June. 1X7;;. wheu he removed to Seattle. Here he leased the old Yesler mill for Preston, McKinuon & Co. of San Francisco for three years and took charge of the mill for these gentlemen. For the neat ten years from that lime tbe hifttory of Mr. Colman is the history of Seattle.

It is difficult at this time to realiee what at such a comparatively recent period the condition of the Puget Sound country was. In the whole of Ihisregion there were then not to exceed l.i.OIKt people, princijjally scaltere'l around the different mil liny ports. The sole industry of any importance was luniliering. that a small quantity of coal was being shipped from Bellinghj other veins were known to esist, only one of which, however - Uiat at Newcastle - was being developed. There were no railroads, and no direct steamer communication with San Francisco. The only means of reaching the Sound was by the lumber vessels at uncertain intervals, by the montlily mail steamer from San Francisco to Victoria, or by a rough stage route from the Columbia and Cowlitz rivers to Olympia. Not a dollar of outside capital had ever been drought here to invest in anything except in the lumber business. Money «as a scarce commodity. Mills general'y paid llieir loggers and employes with ninety day drafts on San Francisco, which were discounted by local "capitalists" at a ruinous rate. What money there wa« commanded readily two and one-half per cent, per month. A depression in building businesii in California (the sole market) nicaut a complete stoppage of the money supply. Four or five steamers, none owned in Seattle, were amply suflicient, with the mill companies' tugs, to handle all the e of about l.tMM) inhabitants, inf s than either the Sound. Seattle iferior in population to Olympia and with )tii or Port Towusend. The only manufacturing hich Mr. Colman h.id leased, and the only comlie interchange of a sack of flour and a side of bacon fur a bushel or two of potatoes ra{se<l among the slimips on White and Duuamish rivers.

There was one prospect for the future, however. II was then the palmy days of the Jay Cooke dynasty in the Northern Pacific railroad. I'nder the judicious advertising of that "Niilioleoii of finance" llic Ixinds of the company were being rapidly taken, and it was the universal belief that the railroad would be in a very few years completed to the shores of I'uget Sound. The place selected for the terminus of that roail, it w:is Ihouglit, would at once liccome the objective point for investors from all over the country, and a city would spring up there like Jonah's gourd. The people of Seattle, in connection with the people of every other point on I'uget Souud, were confident that their town would be chosen. In the spring of is:;!, commissioners were selected by the tioiir.1 of dirctors of the Northern Pacific to visit Pnget Sound rile commissioners came to Seattle. A public meeting 'vas held to raise a bonus for the railroad company as an inducement to select this town for the terminus. Carried a\%ay with enthusiasm, the property holders responded with the utmost liberality. Nearly one-half the property in the limits of the city was pledged, as well as large sums of money, and of county and city bonds to an enormous amount It 'was of no use. This princely donation was to go to the railroad company. There was nothing in it for the directors, officers or the "land ring." In pursuance of a prearranged program, a tract of wild land on the bluff fronting on Commencement bay was selected as the site, and the name "Tacoma** was coolly appropriated from the milling hamlet .some miles distant and the terminus was launched. Warned by experiences had at Kalania, founded under the same auspices as a rival to Portland, investors refused to "bite." The tx>om die<l and the bankruptcy of Jay Cooke and the railroad company which followed is a matter of national as well as local historv.

With the selection of Tacoma as the terminus all hopes which Seattle had of being a railroad town were dissipated, apparently forever, and for a short time the most sanguine were depres.sed. It was in the reaction from this depression that the citizens of Seattle gave the first indication of the energy and public spirit which has since been their most marked characteristic, and which has made Seattle what it is. It was resolved that, failinj^ help from outsi<le sources, the citizens would show what they could do for themselves. Another public meeting was held to organize a local railroad to reach from Seattle to the wheat fields of Eastern Washington, and to utilize for that purpose a portion of the magnificent subsidy tendered to and refused by the Northern Pacific railroad. The Seattle & Walla Walla railroad company was organized. Surveys previously made of a railroad route across the Cascades via the Snoquahnie pass, were procured, and a good share of stock was subscribed by Mr. Colmaii and others. Owing to the scarcity of money, almost all of this stock was paid for in land which was accepted by the company at an appraised value. Two separate days were chosen, and on these days every able-bodied man in town went out under the superintendence of the railroad engineers and worked on the road, the ladies of the town attending and furnishing an elaborate basket lunch for the laborers. In this manner some five or six miles of road-bed were built, ready for the ties.

In a short time, however, the enterprise languished. There was a fatal want of ready money, and outside capital could not be enlisted at all. The first objective point of the rbad was the coal mines at Ren ton, which had recently been opened, the coal from which, in small quantities, was being mined and towed down Black and Duwamish rivers in barges, but it seemed impossible to secure the money even for this short stretch of road. Mr. Colnian was requested to take charge of the railroad and endeavor to complete it. This was in the spring of 1S7.'). Mr. Colman, in the meantime, had succeeded Preston & McKinnon in the lease of the sawmill and was now running it for himself. His business interests required all his time, but he consented at a great personal sacrifice to take charge of the affairs of the company. It was plainly to be seen that something must be done to keep Seattle from sinking to the condition of a mere milling hamlet, and the building of this railroad and the opening of the coal mines on its line were deemed to be the only resource. On succeeding to the management of the railroad company, Mr. Colman submitted to the husiiiesE men or the city the rollowing propoftitious: He would advance fW.OlKi to tile company if five other men, all of greater wealLh thau himself, would advance an equal amount each, and if the citizens of lUe town would loan (30.i>iMI on security of J6(l,l>IX) of stock of the company. The money could not lie raised on tlial basis. Mr. Colman theu olTeretl to advance (:W,l)l)(l if the other parties woald advance flU.UOU among Ihem, This was accepted, and he proceeded promptly with conslructioo. The l^-ni,()00 of bonds were sold as agreed, liut of the fttl.OOfI suhscrit>ed only ;2,ri<lll was ever paid in. The test of the money necessary for the completion of the road la Rentott was rbised by Mr. Colmaii on his own personal security. It must be remembered that Mr. Colman was not at this time a wealthy luan. AH he hail was his earnings from a Iea<«d mill and the savings ofa few years. He was not the possessor of an original donation claim and held and owned bat very little real estate in Seattle.

Id the building of the railroad he did such work as no other man ever did in this country. He was time-keeper, bookkeeper, superintendent of constmctiim and master mechanic. Not a dollar was ever paid out except for a good dollar's worth of work, and every item of expenditure woa as closely watched as in the most cdrvtullj' and economically conductcil private business. Hvery detail of the construction was under the close personal attention of Mr. Colman, who in addition to his work oa the railroad, retained the management of his owu mill.

When tile road was compleleQ to Renton, there was nothing '*"' to haul. The owners of the Renton mine had succeeded in getting control of the Newcastle property. As the latter mine was more cheaply and easilj- worked they decided to shut down the Rentou mine aU'l ship from Newcastle exclusively. It became necessary to extend the road to the latter mine. This extension was made by Mr. Colleans and private credit exclusively for that purpose. By o the utmost he succeeded in completing it, and from the start it became a most valuable property. Five o shippe<l over the road daily, making very lar^e insuring the constant workiuR of the Ncwi:astle mi mine and for a short time the operating of the min

For two ycar-i ami a half Mr. Colui.in remains worked fifteen or sixteen hours a day, filling positi ni inagement, five or six men were su'isequently employ e both ^oI<l to Mr. Villard, the railroad company being subseijuently re-organi/,ed as the Columbia & I'uget Sound railroad company. .\t the time of the sale it w.TS confidently antii-ijiatcd that the road w>uld he incorporated with and become a pari of thi- Northern I'acitic system. Imt the failure of Mr. Villanl and the lircaking up of his " blind ]m>oI " prcvi-nted these anticipations from being realized. After the sale to Mr. VilUiril. Mr. C olnian retained the position of superinlencleut of the road for two years and a half, until he was compelled by reason , of failing health it is so easy to obtain abundant capital rcali/,e that the building and eqnippinji; I years ago should have been such a gigaujld have had any material rjffect upon the fortunes of Seattle. But it is none the less true that if it h u\ not been for Mr. Colman's work in his risking all his savings smd straining his resources to their utmost extent* that road would never have l)een built; and, if it had never been built, it is more than probable that Seattle would have been far behind the Tacoma of to-day. The building of the railroad meant the opening and operating of coal mines, paying out thousands of dollars monthly. It was the first great factor in developing the resources of the country, and, proving to be a profitable investment, it led to other and farther investments in the same direction. Being a local institution, built with local capital, it was regarded with pride by all citizens of Seattle and was potent in creating confidence in the future and unity of spirit in all matters affecting the interests of the city. Furthermore, it was an exhibition of the energy and enterprise of the people of Seattle, especially attractive to persons of like spirit seeking a community with which to cast their lot, and in that way alone paid the city a thousand times more than its cost.

After leaving the employ of the railroad company, which he did in IftS^^, sadly broken in health, Mr. Colnian took a trip of some months' duration in Europe. Returning here in 18S4, he purchased some coal proi)erty on the line of the Columbia & Puget Sound railroad, and in company with John Collins, of this city, and Samuel Blair, J. J. McKinnon and other San Francisco capitalists, organized the Cedar River Coal company, and opened out and is now operating a mine of that name.

During the time Mr. Colniaji was engaged in building the railroad, in 1H7H, the Yesler sawmill, formerly leased by him, and which he had purchased, burned down, being a total loss. With a portion of the machinery saved Irom the wreck he built another mill, near the railroad depot, which was sold with the road to Mr. Villard and his associates.

The«nost noticeable feature of Mr. Colman's life in Seattle is that since he came here with the savings of a few years hard work, every dollar he has had or made, and all the credit he could command has been invested in business enterprises which operated directly for the public good, such as sawmills, founderies, machine shops, sailing vessels, steamboats, coal mines, railroads, wharves, coal bunkers, and brick buildings of the most substantial character. During his active business career he was always the largest employer of labor in the community, and has probably paid out more money for wages than any other individual or any local corporation ever engaged in business here. He never invested a dollar in unproductive or speculative real estate, and owes none of his present wealth to the enhanced values which he has done so much to create. His first purchase of land in Seattle was the corner lot on Commercial street and Yesler avenue, for which he paid the highest price that any property in Seattle had ever commanded up to that time. Immediately after this purchase he built a handsome brick on the propertv. the first brick building ever erected in Seattle for rent. In putting up this building Mr. Colman was compelled to import the bulk of the material used in its construction, and also the mechanics to build it, there being at that time no bricklayers in the city. This building was destroyed by the great fire of 18ft9, but has been replaced by a large stone block, among the handsomest structures in the city. His other noticeably large building is the block between Columbia and Marion streets, extending from Front street to Railroad avenue. Prior to the great fire this was covered with wfx)den store buildings. Since

Ihe fire he has eomiiieuced tisereou and lias partially finished tlic largest lirick building in tlie city, with a frontage of two hundred aixl fifty fett, and which will be six stories in height. It is more nearly fire proof than any other slrui-ture in the citjr, und is the favorite office haildin^ in towu.

This brief sVetch of Mr. Colmau's career would be incomplete without, some slight reference to Mr. Colnian'^ domestic life. As we have previously stated he w»» married in Waukesha, Wisconsin, in \HVi to Miss ,\giies Henderson, He has living, two Bona, I,. J. Colniau, ased 31 years, end G. A. Colnian. aged 28 years, hoth rare ] specimens of an almost extinct type of Christian gentlemen. This fact does not 1 interfere with their entering with the beartiest enjoyment into all classes of iauocent f nmuaemetil, foremost of which, in their estimation, is yachting. They are faniout 1 for the jovial yacht cruises which, with their friends, they engage in during tlicTr hrief vacations from busineM. Shnriiij; their father'^ paision for mechanics, thef ' have become under his tuition, expert mechanical engineers, and in their owu wellei) nipped shop in the apaciouB grounds surrounding the family residence, spend* portion of their leisure, with their father, in preparing various mechanical appliancM I and in developing improvenienti iu the niachincrv of their steam yacht. They co hiiie with their father's business tact and inechaDical aliility, a strong taste for scii lific studies, and were it not for the pressure of tlie business which tlieir father has late years committed almost enlirelv to their cnrc, would, iu all probability, bate made for themselves names in scientific circles, Wkhall Ihey are young gentlemen of most genial manners and are thoroughly admired and liked by all who have the pleasure of being among their associates. After all Mr. Colmau's great public services, after all his success in life, hia strongest claim to public regarrl may he found in the fact that in his sous he has reared and developed most worIh\' successors of himself, credits to his training and ornamenls of the community iu which they reside. How ninny millionaires of the United States could make the same boast?

lACOBS, Oranck, is one of the men conlribuled by the state of New York to the '^ great west to aid in building up and shaping the destinies of tlit larger half of the continent, lie was lioni iu \sJit. but early in lift- tcuiuv-ed wiih his parents to the froDtier in Michigan, where he was eilucateil and where his character was moulded. In IRTii, moved by the migratory spirit which had become es|)ecially strong in Illinois, Missouri, luna and Michigan, he joined a wagon train bound tor the Pacific slope. The long pilgrimage across the plains bv way of Ihe "Oregon trail" w»s completed after weary months of travel, and our sulijccl settled near S,ileni, then the most important town of the then territory of Oregon, I.ater on he moved to Jacksonville, Jackson county, wliere for several years lie pursued the practice of law. not only gaining distinction iu bis piofessiou. lint taking a prominent part in public affairs. While residing in Orej-nn he was the candidate of a large portion of the lu I.S<)7 he was appointed by President (iraut Associate Justice to the Supreme Court of Washington Territory, at which time he removed to Seattle, where he has since continued to reside. Shortly after his appointment he was promoted to the position of Chief Justice, and continued in the discharge of his duties to the end of his tenn. Possessing in a remarkable degree the intellectual bent, self discipline, legal learning and capacity for much patient investigation which should distinguish a judicial officer, he made a most enviable record upon the bench . One of his most important decisions involved the national jurisdiction to the island of Sao Juan, a case which at the time excited wi<lesprcad interest. A man named Watts was on trial charged with murder committed on the island of San Juan, which was then in joint occupanry by the Knglish and American governments. It was claimed by the defendant's counsel that the American courts had no juris<liction in the case. Judge Jacobs held that the island was a country within the sole and exclusive jurisdiction of the United States, and any crime committed thereon could be punished by the courts of the Territory, which by the organic act of Congress possessed equal power in such cases with the Circuit and District Courts of the Tnitcd States. Keeling on the border ran high, and for a time international complications seemed likely to ensue. Judge Jacobs was immovable, however. Watts having been convicted, the judge sentenced him to death, but before the time for his execution arrived he effected his escape. Upon the expiration of his term as Chief Justice he was re-appointed by President Grant, and served until 1S7H, when he resigned to accept the nomination for Delegate to Congress by the Republican })artv. He was elected to this office for two terms, serving his constituency in the Pifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses. While serving in this capacity he introduced a bill for the admission of Washington into the Union, and urged its adoption. Various interests, however, conspired to postpone that event for several years. It was owing to his efforts while in Congress that a law was enacted for the relief of the settlers along the original survey of the Northern Pacific railroad. This was a great boon to a large class of men who had taken up land in good faith along the line as first laid down. Upon the expiration of Lis second term, desiring to return to the practice of law, he declined a re nomination. In 1S81) he was elected Mayor of Seattle, and upon the completion of his term declined to again become a candidate for the office. In 18S4 he was elected to the Territorial Council, in which body he was conspicuously instrumental in effecting the change in the exemption laws, and in securing appropriation -* for the Territorial penitentiary, insane asylum and university. The appropriations for the university were the largest ever made by the legislature of the Territory for any one educational institution. These outlays laid the foundation and made possible an institution of learning which in the years to come will grow to be more and more an object of pride to the people of Washington. Judge Jacobs has continued to take a warm interest in the progress of the university, and for a time was a member and for ten years treasurer of its board of regents.

During the long and, as it looked at times, almost hopeless struggle of Seattle against the efforts made by the Northern Pacific to crush the city and advance a neighboring city, Judge Jacobs was in the front rank and with his advice and influence did much to win the victory for the Queen City of the Northwest.

people ill 1K8() to prepare a new cliarter for the city sucli as would meet tlie requirements of tlie rapid developments which have takcD place io Seattle during the last few years. His ripe experience as a lawyer made his services especially valuable in this CDnnccttoti, aud many of tlte provisions of the charter prepared 1>y the commif' siou owe much to his practical siiggestioos and careful oversijjhi. The charter, as j finally prepared by the coniiuissiDn, was submitted to a vote of the people in October, 18IHI, aud adopted by a large ntajority vote, and under this instrument municipal affairs are now )>eing conducted. He was elected corporation counsel under the n charter and is now serving in this capacity.

As A lawyer Judge Jacobs holds a conspicuous place, standing among the ablest in tile Northwest, With a broad aud comprehensive kuowled^ of the law, united to power of imparting the resultit of hi» close investigation wjlh great facility and readineBS, he is perhaps more olten consulted where clear analysis of the ptiuciples of lau', applicable to important cases, are required than any other lawyer in Seattle. His forensic abilities are of a high order. His prepared addresses are always finished literary efforts, and in no instance was this fact more forcibly illustrated than ui the speech delivered during the memorial services held in Seattle to give expression to the public loss occasioned by the dentil of rresident Garfield. His speech upon this occasion was a most brilliant elTort, patriotic in sentiment and eloquent in diction, and most fitly voiced the feelings of the i>eople at a time of national sorrow. He has always had a fondness for literature and literary work, and in his leisure hours has written many interesting newspaper and niasa/ine articles.

Judge Jacobs is a mau of large stature, commanding presence anil positive views. I He has the courage of his convictions, but is liberal and lolerant. In the public ] afiaira of the Pacific Northwest he has borne a prominent part as pioneer, law Diaker And Judicial officer, and ift still an active factor In the present era of rapid development which b going on in Ibe region where his work and character are so well and favorably known.

;GILVR.\, John J., w^is Irorn iu l.iviiigstou county. New York, July 11. 1S37. coutiuucl to residf until 1H44, when he removed to Illinois. He was iiiucatcd ill western New V.>rk iiiid for n lime after his removal to Illinois he laughl school during Ihc winters, and for several suuhikts attended an academy at Elgin. He began the study of law at HlKi" in l«-'i<l. under the tuition of E-lward GifTord, a graduate of Yale ColleKC and Cauitiridge Law School. He finished, however, his preparatory study for the legal profession in Chicago under Etienezei Peck, afterwards one of the judges of the court of claims, and was admitted to the bar iu l(vi3. Immediately thereafter he began the practice of law in Chicago, in which he continued with gratifying success until I'Mil, when he was appointed by President Lincoln I'niled States attorney for Washington Territory. He arrived with his family at Olympla in Jnne, im\. In the spring of l«(li he removed his family to Walla Wallil, and in the fall of the sam<.' year to Vancouver on the Columbia ri'ver, where they residcil until the fall of WA. at which time he removed to Seattle, where he has since continued to reside. For five years he ably discharged the duties of United States attorney, and at the end of that time declined a re-appointment because the duties of the oflSce kept him most of the time from his family, his wife being an invalid. From that time to the present he has been engaged in the practice of his profession in Seattle, and has also taken an active interest in the earlier movements which have had a far-reaching effect upon the city's welfare.

He served for one tenn in the territorial legislature of 1S6()-B7 and procured at that session an appropriation of $2,')i)() for the opening up of a wagon road through the Sno<]ualmie pass. King county raised a like amount for the same purpose, and with this sum a very good road was opened up through the Cascade moimtains, which has been used more or less ever since. He also aided in getting a second appropriation from the legislature of 1S()S-()1) which was also expcn(le<l in improving the road. Small contributions have since been made by individuals to keep the road open. In early times this road played an important part in the development of the city and state. It was the only means of coniniunicatioii between the eastern and western portions of Washington Territory north of the Columbia river until the Northern Pacific railroad was completed.

In ISm, immediately after the location of the Northern Pacific terminus at Tacoma, Judge McGilvra, with others, as explained in preceding pages, organized the Seattle and Walla Walla railroad company. Judge McCxilvra drew the articles of incorporation and by-laws, and transacted all of the legal business of the company for several years. With A. A. Denny and others he labored zealously in securing subscriptions to its stock in money and lands, in two months stock to the value of half a million dollars, mostly in land, being subscribed. In this way the company became possessed of a large amount of real ])roperty in and about Seattle, now worth several million dollars, ancl mostly still held by the successor of the original company, the Columbia & Puget Sound railroad conipanv. Tbe history of the building of this first railroad out of Seattle has already been given. It was a great undertaking at the time and the effect it had upon the city was most salutar}', if, indeed, it was not the very salvation of the place. Judge McGilvra labored earnestly for the enterprise and in the darkest days of the undertaking was a constant source of aid and strength. At a public meeting held in Yesler's hall soon after the location of the Northern Pacific terminus at Tacoma, his advice was to "carry the war into Africa,*' by the building of another road. Through the spirit he and others evinced the people of Seattle became enthused as never before or since. Some two miles of the road were actually graded by picnic parties, on which occasion, as elsewhere related, the whole population of the town, men, women and children turned out and did good work. There were no idlers about Seattle in those days.

Judge McGilvra was city attorney in Seattle in 1S7G-77 and spent the winter of that year in Washington City, where, among other business, he argued the case of the City of Seattle vs. Hugh McAleer and other claimants of the east half of the Maynard donation claim before the commissioner of the general land office, and obtained a decision favorable to the city as to its right to enter this land under the townsite act. While engaged in that case his attention was called to the fact that the Northern Pacific railroad company was attempting to change its branch line from said branch line with lUe wiuiiiiiasiouer of tbe Kciieral laud office fia the Natches Pass. jDil^ McGilvra at once called tiie allention of Judge Jacobs, then delegate from Washington, to the fact, and tlie}' immediately entered their joint protest aeamst tbe same unless the Mrithdraun lands on the Skagit line were restored to aettleoienL These lands had heen withdrawn from settlement in 1H72. and when it became evident that the company had abandoned the Skagit line, the people of King county and other counties north of King demanded that they be restored to settlement. Judge McGilvra was employed by the people of King and adjacent counties to assist Judge Jacobs, then Delegate to Congress, in securing the restoration c-f these lands, amounting to some -'i, (MX). 0(10 acres. He spent the winter of 187T-T8 in Washington for that purpose, and the effort that was then aud there made resulted in the restoration of all the lands which had been withdrawn froiu settlement uu tile Skagit branch line except a small portion in King county held by the umended line ai* finally approved by the secretary of the interior. Judge McGilvra was offered every possihle facility fordoing effective work before Congress. He was given the privilege of the floor of the house by the speaker, aud through the courtesy of Senator litttchell had practically the same privilege on the floor of the Senate. The Northern I'Bcilic Railroad company was not disposed to see these valuable lands restorc<l wltllout a hard struggle. Three bills were the outcome of tlie fighL One was introduced in the House at the iustijration of the Northern Pacific, providing simply for the extension of the time for the completion of the road, which was referred to the committee on Pacific railroads. .Another was introduced which provided for the forfeiture of the grant for tJie branch line, which was referred to the committee uu Public lands. The third hill was introduced in the Senate by Senator Mitchell, providing for tile e^tteuaiou of time for the completion of the main line of the Northern Pacific road, forfeiting the grant on the braiich line aud giving to the Portland, Dalles & Salt Lake railroad company an amount equal to that restored on the Northern Pacific branch line, which was referred to the Senate committee on railroad^, of which Senator Mitchell was chairman. Judge McGilvra appeared before all of the coniniittccs and made oral arguments and suhniilled printed briefs, and notwithstanding the IKiwerful corporation influence he contendcil agiiiiist, he sncceecled, as before state<l. in securing the restoration of the lauds in f|uestiou to settlement, a result which has been of great benefit to this portion of I'vigct Sound. The outcome of his Uihors was a personal triumpli and not only the source of gralillcation, but a tribute to his able presentation of the ju.slice aud c'|nity of the important qvieslions involved.

Of bite years Judge McGilvra, allhongli still a inenilier of the law firm of Mc- Gilvra, lllaine & DeVries. has not been very actively engaged in professional work. His own private business consumes neatly all of his time, au<l during late years he lias also tra\-eled considerably. The laiuls which he pvircliased of the I'niteil States government on Lake Washington in ISISJ. which are now partly in the corporate limits of Seattle, have Ix-come exccciliiigly valuable and have made him one of the well-to-do pioneers of the city. On a portion of these lands, near the shore of Lake Washington and one of the iziost beautiful sites on this magnificent bo<ly of water, he erected a home in I-MIT, where he now resides.

Judge McGilvt:t was married in l.-iVi to Miss Eli/abcth M Hills, a native of Oneiila county, New \ork. They have three children living, their eldest daughter said branch liiif wiUi the cutmiiissioncr of the general land oflice i-ia Ihe NJlche. Pass. Judge Hc(;t1vrH at once eallcii tlie attention of Judge Jacobs, tlicn delegitc froni Washingtou, to the fact, and they immedtBtdy entered their joint protest agaiust the same uuless the withdrawn lands on the Ska^t line were reiiloreil \i> Kltlemcnt. The«e lands had been withdranii from settlement in 1872. and when il became evident tliat the company had abandoned the Skagit line, the people of King counly and other countieo north of King demanded that they be restored to settlement Judffe McGilvra was employed by the people of King and ailjaceut counlics to assist Judge Jacobs, then Delegate to Congress, in securing the restoration of lliese lands, amounting to some 3.001 1.01)0 ncres. He spent the winter of 1877-78 in Washington for tlmt purpose, and the effort tliat was then and there niaile resulted in the restoration of all the lanihi which had Iwru withdrawn from settlement on the Skagit branch line except u small portion in King i^nuiity held by the ainendeil line as' finally approved l)y the secretary of Ihe iuteriur, Judge McGilvra was offered every possible facility for doing effective work before Congrcsf*. He was given Ihe privilege of the floor of tlie honse by the speaker, and through the courtesy of Sennlor Klilchell had practically the same privilege on the floor of the Senate. The Northern Taciiic Railroad company was not disposed to see these valuable lands rcstoreit without a hard struggle. Three bills were the outcome of the fight. One was introduceil in the House at the instigation of the Northern Pacific, providing simply for Ihe extension of the time for the completion of tlie road, which was referred to the committee on Pacific railroads, .^notlier was introdnced which provided for the forfeilutc of the grant for the branch line, which was referred to the committee on Public lands. The third bill was introduced in the Senate by Senator Mitchell, providing fiir tlie extetuiou of time for the ctuHplelion of ilie main line of Uie Northern Pacific road, forfeiting the grant on the bratich line and giving to the Portland, Dalles & Salt Lake railrond comp.iny an amount eqna! to that restored on the Northern Pacific branch line, ubich h.is referred to the Senate committee on railroads, of which .Senator Mitchell war. chairman. Judge Mcllilvrii appeared before nil of the commillcei anil niade oral arguments and snlmiineil printed liriefs, and notwith!^talldiug the powerful corporation influence he contended against, he succeeded, as before state'l, in securing the rtsloralion of the lands in question lo settlcinent, a result wliich hjs been of great benefit lo this portion of I'ugcl Sound, The outcome of his lalwrs was y the source of gratification, but a tribute lo his able c .ind e']iiity of the important questions involved. M,r.-_\- : , still a member of the law firm of Mc- .t-rv actively engaged in pr<>fest.i(jn.i! wirrk, 1' ,ill of his lime, and during late ye.irs lie V '. iiil-. which he purchased of Ihe United Stales !^]iiiii;ti>ii ill Isii). which arc now partly in the cnrpi-ralc

Judge McGilvra is the oldest meml>er of his profession in the city both in years and practice, and is recognized as the father of the Seattle bar. For many years he was employed on one side or the other of nearly every case on the docket of the Seattle court, and has found it advisable to have one or more co-partners ever since he has been in practice in Seattle. Some of his former partners have taken high rank in their profession, notably James McNaught and Judge Thomas Burke.

/VAcNAUGHT, James, one of the earliest and for many years one of the most prominent attorneys of Washinj^ton, was born in Mcl^ean county, Illinois. He is the second child in a family of six sons, the youngest of whom is Joseph F. McNaught, of Seattle. His early life was passed on a farm during which perio<l he received a common school education, which was later supplemented by a course at Wesleyan University in his native state. He then attended the Law V^niversity at Chicago and after graduating from this institution was admitted to the bar of Illinois. Before he began the practice of his profession, however, he was called home on account of the failing health of his father to assume the care of the family, remaining there until his father's death an<l until the family was placed in comfortable circumstances. He then left home to seek a place to begin his professional career. He first went to South America but finally drifted to Puget Sound, and in IHiJS located in Seattle, then a hamlet with less than one thousand inhabitants. The advent of a stranger at this time was a notable event, and the appearance of the tall, slender and youthful but dignified attorney, wearing a long frock coat and a silk hat, aroused more than usual curiosity. It was the period when the citi/.ens of Seattle were accustomed to the sight of decidedly plain and unconventional attire, and anyone coming among them dressed in the fashion then prevailing in the east became a conspicuous character. Mr. McNaught recalls with a smile the sensation he created at this time, and the younger men of that day most vividly remember in this connection his first appearance in Seattle. The little settlement on Elliott Bay at this time did not seem a very promising place for a young attorney who, after paying his first weeks* board, had only a few cents left. Isaac M. Hall and John J. McGilvra were the only attorneys then in practice here and business for another seemed hardly to exist. Still, young McNaught after looking over the field determined to remain and run his chances of success. It was for a time a severe struggle, but he never for a moment became discouraged. What little business came to him was most thoroughly attended to, "he displaying at this time," says an attorney familiar with his entire professional career, "even in comparatively trifling cases that same careful and painstaking interest that in later years in great and important legal complications brought him such well deserved success." His natural talent, steady application to his profession and strict reliability of character inspired confidence and he was soon doing a large business.

In 1S71 he formed a co-partnership with John Leary under the firm name of Mc- Naught & Leary, and for the next seven years they had a large and most lucrative practice. In 1^>7m Mr. I^ary retireJ, and. Mr, McNaiiylii's youngest Ijrolber, Joseph F., became associated with bini under the lirin name of McNau^ht Brotliers. A feuj-enrs later, as »tatetl elsewhere. E. P. Ferry and Johu H. Mitchell, Jr.. were admitted as partners, an<l from that time until the firm was dissolved they were engaged in all of the important railroad and corporation practice carrieil oil in Washington Terri' tory. Duriug this period, a prolific one in great legal controvereies involviDg many novel questions. James McNaught was not ouly the recogiiiited head of bis firm but unqueatioiiably held Uie foremost place among the legal fraternity of Washington Territory, His services were eagerly sought and his success attracted general attention. Henry VillHTd, one of the most astute judges of men, quickly recognized his talents as a lawj'er, and lie was employed during the earlier days o< the Nortliem I'ncitic railroad company as its attorney in some of the moat important busiliCM relating to iLis great corporation. His [[ualili cat ions for such work Iwcatne so manjhat that in the summer of ]K>M, he was offered and accepted the position of assistant general solicitor of this company with au oKcc lit St. Paul, Minnesota. In the fall of 1S8!I he was advanced to the position of chief solicitor of the same comiuiuy with bead office at New York City, in whidl C-apacily he is still .<terviug with eminent success and constantly adding to bis reputation as a lawyer. At tlie present time be is also president of the Northern Pacific Sc Manitoba railroad.

Few men have more persistently aild exclusively dcvoteil themselves to tlieir profession than Mr. McN'aught. His devotion to his profession is of that chivalric kind which has led him to follow it with geauine ardor, not for tlie rewards which it has brought hint alone, but because he has found in it an occupation perfectly congenial to his tastes. He has always )>een a most inveterate worker and has a coU' stitutton which seemingly permits of an unlimited amount of mental and physical. . exertion. This quality of intense application and constant study united to a mod ^ wonderfully retentive memory has made his uiind a rich store house upon which he ia able to draw at opportune lime for law and precedents applicable to points he wishes to establish, such as to often astonish courts imd disconcert his legal adversaries. His legal forces are always under perfect control ; he overlooks uo means of legal defense, and is remarkable for his tactical and strategic qualities. Always sc<late. calm, placid and iniperturlKiblc, he belongs to that this* of lawyers who preserve their mental equipoise under all circumstances, who never seetti to be taken by surprise and who are prepare<l for any emergencies which may arise in the practice of the law. The care «liich be bestows on the "critical niceties" of the law is due to bis incnt'il activity and to the habit of l1iorou){hncss in whatever he uudertakes, and not to the neglect of the broiid principles which make the study and practice of the law one of the most elevating and useful pursuits of mankind, lit never undertakes a case unless satisfied he has a fair legal defense, and then he becomes one of the most persistent fighters, .lud no defeat is aceeptetl as final until a decision is reache^l in the court of last resort. In the dilTicull task among lawyers known as "trying a case after verdict," he has indeed no superior. In advocacy he carries conviction by his earnestness, his clear and logical reasoning and his thorough mastery of Uie legal status of his cause, while his own intellectuality causes him to address the lLea<l rather than the heart, hence he has most weight in courts where simple wit and rhetoric are held in least esteem.

At a comparatively early age Mr. McNauj^ht has {gained a place among the foremost members of his profession, and in a position requiring the highest order of legal talent he has more than held his own against many of the best known lawyers in America. Personally he has the qualities which have surrounded him with warm friends whose loyalty he as warmly reciprocates.

Philip Lewis, was of Welch lineage, a native of Pennsylvania, who emigrated to Adams county, Ohio, in 1808, and five years later settled in Madison county in the same state. Colonel Lewis was for many years sheriff of his county and for several terms a meml)er of the senate and house of representatives of Ohio. He was an active, earnest man in all he undertook and did much to shape the laws and institutions of that state.

Abigail Melvin, the mother of our subject, was a native of Kast Tennessee, a a descendant of the Huguenots of South Carolina. She migrated with her father to Ohio at an early day and married Colonel Lewis. Surviving her husband several years, she died in 1870 at the age of eighty-seven years. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church for seventy-five years. She was tall and commanding in appearance, a most faithful wife, fond mother and devout Christian.

Young Lewis was educated at the common schools and academy of London, Ohio, and at the age of seventeen engaged in school teaching, which he followed for five years in his native county, during which time he studied law and general literature under the preceptorship of Hon. Richard A. Harrison, now a prominent attorney of Columbus, Ohio. In 1854 he was admitted to the bar in the supreme court of Ohio, and a short time thereafter migrated to Iowa. For three months after his arrival he taught school, but in July, 18.>5, he commenced the practice of law in Washington, Iowa. In 18o(> he was elected prosecuting attorney of Washington county, serving as such until January, 1859, from which time until May, 1869, he was engaged in an active and lucrative practice. During this period he was in attendance at the memorable convention held at Iowa city in 1850, at which time the Republican party was fully organized, and from that time to the present he has been an earnest, though independent, Republican.

On the 15th of April, 1809, on the recommendation of the governor, all the .supreme judges and the congressional delegation from Iowa, he was appointed by President Grant and confirmed by the senate as associate justice of the supreme court of Idaho, then a new and, to the j^ople in the east, an unknown territory. The estimation in which Judge Lewis was held in Iowa was well attested in the recommendation to the president, asking for his appointment, which was signed by all the supreme judges of Iowa. From this letter we make the following extract: "We most warmly recommend the Hon. Jos. R. Lewis, of this state, for a territorial judge- ship. Mr, Lewis is aa old resideul of Iowa huiI has built up a solid character lioth a a citizen and a lawyer. Having beeu for many years a lending praclilioner in ou conrt, we are enabled to testify from personal Iciiowledge to his merits and fitness for the place above named. We stale, without reserve, that he would in oor judgment lualce a most faithful, able and excellent judge." The letter of the then altomey general of Iowa, Henry O'Conuer, which was endorsed by the governor and other state officers, to the lown delegation in congress iu behalf of Judge Lewis was no \eai cotnmendatory and reveals not only the high place he had already attained as a lair- ] yer but the enviable reputation he held as a citi/.en.

Judge Lewis, immediately after his appointment, proceeded to Boise City, i ing m the last week of May, IH69, and on the first day in June conimeuced a term of the district court at Silver City, in tlie Owyhee mining district. Upon the assumption of his legal duties he found a large docket, iuclndiug twenty cases of murder and many important civil causes. With the dispatch and thoroughness which have lieen marked characteristics of his judicial work, he at once addressed biniseU ti husiness before him and closed the term after a laborious session of twenty-four days. Karly in his administration in Idaho he eofproed rigidly the incurred the enmity of the criminal class, which in a new territory is always large. A rigid administration of the laws at this early day iu Idaho required moral a physical courage, and Judge Lewis, by the discharge of his duties without fear or 1 favor, won the good opinion and support of the law abiding portion of the c munity. At the close of his second term at Silver City, in Novemlier, l>W(t, the J Owyhee Tidal Wait gave editorial expression to the following endorsement of hi» 1 jadicial labors:

" Should the authorities at Washington always select a officers as Judge Lewis there will be no cause of cotuplaiut importation. » » * There is a solid and mature firmnes have the true ring about tlieni, without that petulance and long habit old occupants of the bench assume. Many of hi lion of <|uestions citlicr of law or fact are (juaint and ollen c< pertinent and to the l>oint. In this reS]H'Cl he approaches m than any man we have ever seen or whose proiUici

Judge Lewis resided at Boise City until Ma)-, of the district and organizing the first court held ii A short lime prior to his rclirenienl from the suprc Slalestiian, in reviewing Judgi' Lewis' judicial caret: the following extracts an- made, voiced the seiilinn

" It gives us pleasure to speak of the < district juilges of this territory. * oflice uiKler no ordniary clifficulty, of wli officers was the least. The character of such as to destroy all respecl of the people for the judiciary in the courts. Altotneys had grown rich and made fal fees soli s good men and faithful J 1 the score of foreign 1 IS in his judgment that lock dignity that from illustrations in elucidam pi ace, but always to .\brahain Lincoln

, holding court iudilTerent parts n the Mornian district at Malad. L- court bench of Idaho the Boise n a lengthy eililorial, from which IS of the people as to his cbaracposed influence or couiiilential i here the same state of things existed in the other two districts l)esides his and with a majority of the supreme court. He soon comprehended the situation but determined that no such record should be his. * * * Unfitted, both by a natural sense of justice as well as by education, for the crooked ways of a debauched judiciary, he could tolerate no other idea of the duties of a judge than a rigid administration of the laws, uninfluenced by favor and unawed by any kind of power or threat. Such a man under such circumstances could not but encounter opposition, and Judge I^wis had the fortune to wake the hostility of the bitterest and foulest element that ever disturbed society or that ever undertook to evade or trample down the laws. It did not take long, however, for hitn to triumph over these obstacles. The bar, alwa3rs ready to honor an impartial judge, first learned to respect his integrity and then to admire his ability. Through his inflexible impartiality, bushwackers in the practice were rapidly falling into discount, while lawyers who take an honorable pride in their profession, were beginning to take heart aj^ain. A case in court, from l)eing a mere auction where the highest bidder obtained judgniciit. was, under Judge Lewis' administration, a matter of certainty as well as justice to he deterniiued according to law and evidence. Capital has never before felt so secure in this judicial district as during the last year. Citizens never before felt so safe in their persons or in the enjoyment of their rights, simply because they bad begun to have confidence in the presiding judge. It had become a common remark among j)ersons clisagreeing with Judge Lewis in politics, to assert their conficlence in his ability as a lawyer and integrity as a judge, and their ])reference for him over any other who had ever presided in this district."

On May 25, 1871, Judge Lewis was appointed and confirmed as associate Justice of the Supreme Court of New Mexico, but did not accept the position. During the summer of 1871 he visited Washington City, and in the fall returned to Idaho to act as counsel in several imj)ortant cases in the district and suj)renie courts of the territory. While there engaged in practice, he was, on March lil, 1S7-, appointed and confirmed as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Washington Territory and was assigned to the Walla Walla district. With a fearlessness characteristic of the man. Judge I^ewis set himself to the task of correcting those practices, which, in the language of a local paper, "had brought the court into contempt and made the administration of justice little more than a mockery." The firmness and integrity with which he held the scales of justice soon taught the unruly members of the bar who had been in the habit of bullying witnesses and tiring the patience of juries, that they must ol)serve that decorum which is indisj>ensable to the dignity of the court and the orderly transaction of its business. That he met with opposition was a matter of course ; that he incurred the enmity of the venal and vicious of his district was but natural. Some of the most bitter of the enemies he thus made caused a petition to be printed and privately and surreptitiously circulated through remote parts of Idaho, Oregon and Washington, avoiding Walla Walla and vicinity, asking the President to remove him. As soon as this clandestine attempt to smirch his character was discovered, a meeting of the Walla Walla bar was held at which resolutions were passed which fully vindicated Judge Lewis as an upright and fearless judge and a citizen entitled to honor, confidence and respect. Among other expressions of approval of his course the resolutions contained the following high endorsement: " In relation to this mat- ter we Further have to say, that we believe JnUge Lewis has given more general s fni'tiou to the members of the hat, and to all others having business l>efore him who are competeut to judge, than has beeu ^iven to this district during its past historj. We also say that we are assured that our people generally, ciiilorse his ability aad integrity both aa a judge and private citizen."

These resolutions were not only signed by the bar, but were endorsed by many of the leading citizens, officers, niinistera and editors of Walla Walls. So complete was his vindication from even the shadow of malfeasauce in office, that he soon after, January 26, 18T6, was promoted to the chief justiceship of Washington Territory, being appointed by President Grant oii the recommendation of Attorney General George H. Williams, both of whom were his isarm personal friends. This distinction was conferred upon him without the least effort on his part, in fact the first knowledge , he had of the appointment was the receipt of his comntissiou. He was assigned U the Seattle district, and in April, 18"'), removed to our city, where he has ever sincf coatinued to reside. He continued in Ilie discbarge of his duties as chief justice, holding court at Seattle, Steilacoom, Tacoma, Port Townsend and La Conner until the close of his term in January, IHTft, Aarinf^ which period he not only maintitincd the record he bad already earned as an able, fearless judge, but increased the conSdence and respect his course had inspired as associate justice. No hij^her endorsement of the judicial character of bis mental faculties could be made than the statement of the fact that during the seven years and over be was on the bench in Washington Territory, no decifiion made by him was ever reversed iu the supreme court. His fearless, outspoken manner, his unchangeable purpose in making no compromise l with the violators of the law, incurred the displeasure of the vicious class and their I hostility he still retains. At all times and in all places he denounced gambler inals and boodlers, and no man has ever been more fearless or less of a time-server in matters in which he believed he was right. No ijuestion of policy or personal popularity ever caused him to make a compromise with what he i-oasidercl an evil.