Seattle, Washington - History, 1891 (part 9 of 14)

* It is claimed that this press was brought from Mexico to the Pacific coast on the back of a mule and used to print the W//rt Cali/ornia, the first paper issued in San Francisco. It subsequently did service in Oregon and later was taken to Olympia and finally to Seattle, where it was in constant use in printing the various papers which were properly the predecessors of the Intelligencer. The last named paper was printed on this primitive press until some time in 1S74, when it was succeeded by a press of more modern make. Not only was the first newspaper in San Francisco printed on this old Ramage, but the first newspaper in Portland, the first newspaper in Olympia, the first newspaper in Seattle and the first newspaper in the territory of Washini^on.

form ami still iinderthemanagenieiit of Watson. He continued to issue 1 it irregularly for a year, closing hia connection with it with issue No, J 13, Vol. 2. Tlie Seattki Publisliiug i-omimny then assumed control c its destinies. The head of this company was Robert fi. Head, a young J and briglit'priiilur from Olympiu. Ho cotitiniKHi thi^ regular wwkly | issuo until the next Fchruary. On the Ifitli of that month, 1866, Mr. I. M. Hall made his bow to the public, iw editor and publisiier. Mr. Hall is the only one of the earlier newspaper men of Seattle still residing hero, and it ia not certain but that he is the solo survivor of the ten or a donyn who followed i-acii other in rapid succcAsion during the earlieitt period in- the history of Seattle jounialieni. On ifarcli 3, 1866, tlio St/itik GoMtle was suspended, having covered )i jicriod n years and three months.

April 5, 1866, the Pu^ct Smtrnt Semi-WceMy Hucwedcd it, witli Hall i <fe McNamara as publishers. .4 sliort exjxrience prove*! that the time J for a semi-weekly had not arrived, and on the HOth of the same month, the ruget Sowid MWWyappearod. In August following, Hall & MoNa- ( niara sold out the paper to George Reynolds. With tlie issue of March « 18, 1867, the first volume ceoifcd, and with the begiiming of the new volume I. M. Hall again took charge and the paper was christened the Ptigd Smmtl WkHi/ G<acltc. On Mii>- 27th, Hall & White became associate publi.sher.s, and with the issue of June 17th following, the paper f^uddoidy ceased to apiujiir, a suspension which continued for some time. Mr. Hall had ju.sf \n-vn olccled county auditor, inul as that |iositioii was more hfcralivc than newspaper work, the hitter wa.s stopiK'd. In this euuiLcetiim it may propei'ly lie reiuarke.l that until October, 1S()-1, tlie pa|H-r, and the vilhific as well, had been without telegraphic cotiiniuniealii.n. 'I'be G<r.cUi of Oetobrr -i.'.th, lMr.4, remarks :

precisely 10 .I'cloek ti)-diiy a c;tnnon was tired and a flag Iioiste<l ill eommemonition of (tic arrival of the tflegra}ih wire at the office, Yesler'.s corner, Seattle." Yesler's corner," was then the southwest corner of Mill and Comnu'reial streets, the ]>rcsent ioeation of the National Bank of (.'onimorec.

The dispatch was from PorthuKl and gave (hites of October 24ih, from the Eastern states, and of October 2'*)th from San Francisco. From Kansiis City, ** a courier from the front reports Price in full retreat, closely pursued by our forces." From New York, that the Union forces were concentrating at Chattanooga, and the theater of war had been transferre<l to Northern (Jeorgia. ''Sherman was pushing Hood and was rather trying to cooj) him uj) in the valley and starve him to death," etc. In San Francisco, '"greenbacks" were quoted at 49J cents. It may here be remarked that on the Pacific coast, paper money was always (juoted at a discount instead of gold at a premium, as in the Eastern states.

For several months it was the custom to take occasional dispatches. "Old Ollopod," as Watson was called, did not have a bank account, and it may be doubted that his cn^lit was lirst-class. In any event, when some imj)ortant battle took place? the operator would tell Ollopod that "there is important news." The latter would Hum go around to those wliom he could rely upon for their regular contril)utions of "two bits" each, and when a sutticient sum had been realized, he would pay for the disj)atch, on the " C. (). D." i)rinciple, hurry to the office, set it up, which he could do in about an hour, as the longest dispatch seldom made more than four or five "sticksfull," and then "galley proofs" to the required number were struck off and distributed. The People's Tdegrani was begun at this time and continued a few iss>ues, semi-weekly, but soon disapi)ear(Hl from view.

In the early part of Augu.st, 1807, S. L. Maxwell arrived in Seattle. He was a first-class j)rinter and a writ<^r of considerable force. Messrs. Daniel and V. B. Bagley had at this time become owners of the printing office plant, and Mr. Maxwell arranged to take the office at $»300 and pay for it as he earned the money. On August 5th, 18()7, he issue<l the first numl)er of the Weekly Jnfellifjencer, tlu^ progenitor of tlie Pod' Intelligencer of to-(biy.

The t^wn and surrounding country had at this time begun to fill up and other parts of the Sound were developing, so that while Mr. Maxwell at times had to struggle against some adverse influences, his venture proved a success from tlie beginning. He soon paid bis debt.l of $300, and began to add to bis outfit and improve bis paper. la i 1874 Maxwell sold the InteUiijcnarr to David Higgins for |3,000. Under I the proprietorship of Mr. Higgins the jmper continued to prosper, and I in 187tt the issue of a dnilj" as well ns wwikly was begini, a departure ] whieh the town was fully prepared to Hustain, and the daily paid baudsomely from the stiirt.

was moved to Seattle. It was started by Thomas W. Prosch. Its publication had been both daily and weekly for a number of years. It was Republican in politics, and it was continued in Seattle three years when it was absorbed by the IiUelligencer, at which time Mr. Hanford became for a time the publisher and proprietor of the only paper published in Seattle.

In the meantime B. L. Northrup started a monthly agricultural paper called the North Pacific Rvral. This obtained some circulation in the country and formed the nucleus of a new daily which was issued with the title of the Post in October, 1878, under the management of K. C. and Mark Ward. Several wealthy citizens subsequently obtained control of the Post through money advanced to pay the expenses of its publication. It proved a far from profitable venture, and in 1881 they merged it into the Intelligencer, at which time the present title of Post- Intelligencer was assumed. For a few days the Post' Intelligence)^ was the only newspaper in Seattle, a circumstance that now, considering the size and wealth of the city, and the number of its publications, seems quite remarkable. The PoHt-Litelligenc£r at this time was under the management of Thomas W. Prosch and under his control made rapid strides in popular favor, and was soon recognized as the most influential journal in the tcTritory, both east and west of the Cascades. In 188G, after this journal had become a paper of no small magnitude in moulding and directing the sentiments of the people, it was sold to a joint stock company under the management of C. B. Bagley, and subsequently to Leigh S. J. Hunt, who still further augmented its prestige and influence by a liberal expenditure of money, in the employment of a large force of able writers, who were placed under the management of Alfred Holman. Prior to Mr. Holman's connection with the paper, however, it was managed for a time by Mr. Robert C. Washburn in conjunction with Mr. Hunt.

Soon after the Post [)assed into other hands Kirk C. Ward started the Chronicle^ first as an evening and later as a morning daily. Some four or five printers were associated with him in this enterprise, but their united efforts failed to permanently establish it, and the paper was finally suspended for lack of adequate support.

Thaddeus Hniiford started tht> JJeratd, aiiotlior daily, using the old Pacific Tribiim mftteriul. Tlie propriot^irs diaplaycd au aiuount of - energy and industry riireiy equaled in a like enterprise, and would 1 -doubtless Iiave sucix-eded had tlie field been large enough to admit of J it, but Seattle had all the papers it could sustain before the advent o the iferflM, and its survival soon became a question the solution of I which depended upnn the forbearance of creditors and the sympathy f of printers. When theae were exhauHtcd the paper collapsed.

Between the year^ 1880 and 1883 sevoml papois of less note were started in Seattle, hut none of them survived beyond a few months. Among the number wero the Finback, the BtiUctin aud tlie Mirror, the latter a temperance organ.

In the summer of 1885 a number of tho loading citizens of Seattle subscribed a lil>eral sum of money to sub-sidine a pajwr to eount^Rict or neutralize the influene* of th« Daily Call, an evening sJieet, the" oi^anof the more virulent of theanti-Cbineso agitators. T. H. Demjw sey, J. R. Andrews and one or two others undertook to publish a paper ] for the subsidy offered, and accordingly issued the Daily Times, also a evening paper, with the understjiuding that the subsidy was to be con- J tinued for only six months. At the expiration of the allotted tinia" Mr. Dempsey was left alone to eontiiiue the publication, the others having withdrawn from the enterprise. The last named gentleman Viy careful nianagenienl and commcnclahk' iudusstry succeeded in placing the 7Viiic«on )i self-riUitporlin^vbitsis. in Miircli, 1«S7, Col. George weekly under that title. Mr. Hill continued the publioition of the P)-css for tiiree yeai-s, when lie dis].osi.>d of the paper to the Pn?s.s Pul)- lishing Company, in which W. E. Bailey was the principal stockholder. S. R. Frazier was made editor under the new purchasers

For a short time after the sale the price of the paper was reduced from five to two cents [)er copy, but this departure did not meet with the success anticipated and the former price was restored. Mr. Frazier was succeeded as managing editor of the Atw by E. R. Brainerd, who had been prominent in newspaper work in Phihulelphia.

The j)ublication of two evening paj)ers, both enterprising and well conducted journals like the PretiH and Tinus, in a field the size of Seattle made it impossible for either to become tinancially successful. After a fair test of the field the pul)lisliers with rare good judgment finally agreed to a consolidation, the Timr.^ l)eing ai)S()rbed by the PresSy the consolidated papers now being i.s.sue<l under the title of the Press-Times. This was effected in February, 1891. Tlie Prrsx- Times is an independent Republican journal, and ranks among the best evening papers on the Pacific coast.

Repeated efforts have been made in past years by leading members of the Democratic i)arty to start a political organ in Seattle. On the 30th of April, 1S<S8, these ellbrts culminated in the incorporation of the Enterprise rul)lisbing c()nii>any, wliicli straightway proceded to disseminate the principles of the i)arty mentioned. After a checkered career of one month tlu^ E)drrprii<e died from lack of support, and to crown the misfortune of tlie v(»nture the plant was destroyed by fire on Thanksgiving night in 18<s<s.

Another Democratic journal which failed to find the road which leads to journalistic success was the* Moniiiuj Journal, which was first issued during the sj)ring of 1890. It was {)ublished by the Morning Journal Publishing company, in which John Leary, W. H. Llewellyn and B. F. Shaubut were leading stockholders. After an unfortunate career it was absorbed in January, 1891, by the Telegraph.

The last attemi>t to establish a Democratic j>a{)er, however, gives promise of proving a well deserved success. This is the Seattle Telegraph, a morning daily and weekly paper, which was first issued August 11, 1890. It is published by the Seattle Telegraph Publishing company.

Some of the wealthiest men in the state are financlallv interested in this paper and they evidently mean it shall be made equal to any in Seattle. It is bright and newsy, and its editorial columns are conducted with vigor aiul ability. D. E. Durie, is geueral muiiager uiidl editor, and the city department is in charge of John G. Egan, formerly, f city editor of the Press.

In 1888 Alexander Begg aiid Edmond S. Meany started the TVo^l Journal. As its name indicated it was designed strictly as a cora-1 mercial paper, and for some weeks was devoted exclusively to market reports, -stock quotations, etc. By degrees its sphere was enlarged until finally it contained daily an epitome of passing events, local and general, in addition to commercial matters. Shortly before the J fire it passed into other hands, becoming the Morning Journal, a fuU-1 fledged newspaper before referred to.

After parting with his interest in the Journal Mr. Begg issued & I handsome weekly paper called the Citizen, which, however, had but a I brief existence.

Of Sunday papers Seattle has had a surfeit during the last two or three years, some of which did not have an existence beyond two or three issues. The great fire hastened the demise of those in aj moribund condition and no efl'ort was made to resuscitate them. Th9>1 Star, the first of the independent Sunday papers, was started in 1885 1 by a journalist named Blake, who has since removed to New York city. He was succeeded by Kirk C. Ward, who conducted the paper for some time. After the fire, which included the Star office among its victims, it was issued in an enlarged an<l mucli improved fonn. A few months later S. R. Frazier became its editor and publisher. He reehristened it Fmzier's Wedi)/, nnd still publi.shes it under that name.

The ScfiUle JlbMrntcd Budgd was !«tarted a few weeks before the fire by S. R. Frazier, its editor and pro])rietor. It was steadily increasing in favor when tlie fire checked its course. Resuming soon after that event, Mr. Frazier continued its publication until ho was called to the editorial chair of the /Vcjw, when he disiM)sed of the Budget. Its publication was continued by others for some time thereafter, but has recently been discontinued.

Die 7V(7j»iie, issued first in 18S;] and eontiimed to this day as a weekly, was tlie first paper published in the German language, or, for that matter, in any foreign language, in Seattle or AVashington. Since

A considerable number of trade pul)lications have been issued in the past, devoted to the drama, to real estate, to the hotel business, to the timber interest, to commercial affairs, etc.

Several religious journals, all of monthly publication, have been stiirtcd by the Baptists, Methodists and Episcopalians, three of which, the Methodist, the Washington Churclniian and *SY. Mark's Rubric, still survive. School, temperance and amateur papers have been frequent and generally shortlived.

Among recent publications which give evidence of becoming permanent may be mentioned the Pacifr Magazine, a monthly journal which was first issued shortly after the great lire, under the name of the Washington Magazine, with E. W. Wooster editor and J.G.Steele manager. It is an illustrated periodical and dcvotvd to the interests and resources of Washington and the northwest. Lee Fairchild, for some time connected with the Wed Shore of Portland, has recently become editor of the Pacific Magazine.

General Appearance of Seattle - Its Streets, Business Houses and Private Dwellings - Grandeur and Beauty of surrounding Country - Characteristics of Suburban Towns - ^West and East Seattle, Ballard and Fremont.

NATURE is hiid out on so large a scale on the Pacific coast that only the most gigantic and commanding works of art attract attention. Even the largest cities, if located here, would do but little more than emphasize the disparity between what man can do and what nature has done. Our pioneers of civilization fancy themselves like the fabled god of our Scandinavian ancestors, Thor, who was lost in the knd of tlie gianfa. Suspecting that he was on Uie body 1 of OHL' of tlio giiiiits, he dctfrraincd U) wake him up and lean his whereabouts. With the hfLmmer which he iilways carried he ' fetched a terrific blow directed against the giant - but without the slightest effect. A second, still harder, was given, but still no movement. The third time Thor swung his hammer, and now meant to secure results, and he doubled his fingers so hard over the hammer handle that his knuckles turned white ; but upon receiving the blow on his cheek the Jotunn only moved a little on his couch and muttered that there must be sparrows in the trees overhead. The giant was the earth itself, and the blows of the lost god's hammer did no more than make three dents on its face - three valleys.

So on the Sound, the Mediterranean of the Pacific, nature is 8»l immense that the axe and haniinor may bo swung a hundred yearSiri and only a few dents be visible. In sailing today from the Straits of Juan de Fucn tn Budd'.s inlet, the vision is held, just as in 1790, by the long waste expanses and winding strotclies of the sea-blue watera of the Sound, leading ever in front to new vistas, and thrusting to le( and right long, shining amis, passage ways and straits and inlets inttr^ the hills or about islands ; while there is on either side a constant prospect of snow covered mountains. The present works of i the shores of this water scarcely give a hint of their existence to the voyager from tlie sea to tlu' fiirllie.'*! inlet. At specified points one may see indications of the jiresence of.wmc of tliegreat sawmills, in the smoke curling di.-^tuntly fnim theirsuw-dust pit,-, and, by listening, may catch upon a dcar<liiy the distant iiuni of its niacliinery. Towns and cities themselves, so far as visible from the main wiitci-s of the Sound, seem as minute iu (he di-esimy innnensity of waters, sky and hills, as the desert city sjioken of hy 'IVnny.-'on ".ipiirkling like a grain of siilt."

This being so, it is all tlie more a surprise to pass from the wonder of tlie main Sound to th<' i-onnuanding jiaiiorama of Seattle, fur here is a city wJiiL-h from it.s own buy anil on its own liills is as dominant as nature herself in iier greater domain. The lover of nature may revel in the vision of .'^bajK's of Hood, forest and iiill that man can never spoil, but the moment the sleambiml on wliicli he travels reaches the entrance of Elliott Bay, the lover of man's enterprise has it all his own way. One comes upon Seattle unexpectedly, if approaching from the water. On the north side of the entrance to the harbor West Point rises into so high a j)romontory and peninsula as to shut off all sight of what is within - presenting its precij)itous sandstone blufTs but scantily clad with fir and cedar trees, and gray-white walls half hidden in the umbrage. On the south side of i\w watery gate Alki Point rises from its low shores into the elevated plateau of Duwamish Head, allowing no vision within its broad bulk, but on making tliese heads the whole farther or eastern shore of the included water springs into view as a city like the capitals of the old world. In fact Seattle is impressive and niassivi' in excess of its real dimensions, as thus seen ; for the very large arra, upon much of which there is scant building, seems at that distance to be solidly built. For this reason it would compare favorably uj)on first sight with almost any city in Americ^i. It widens and grows to K'ft and right until, once fully in the waters of the bay, and from the extremi* indentation of Smithes cove on the north to the farthest waters of Duwamish bav on the south - off of which on a clear (hiv Rainier seems to loom - a distauce of ten miles, one descries wharves and docks lining the shore, multiplied lines of railroad trestle work over the water in shore, and the stacks of mills and factories pouring out vohnnes of black smoke to gradually gather in a cloud and darki^n over the city. In the foreground on the bay lively steamers are ever plying to and fro, and ships lie at anchor on the tide or at the docks and bunkers. Up from the water and the immediate shore the massive l)uildings rise tier on tier, with stone, brick and metallic walls, and a sunward exposure such as to admit, at the proper hour, the reflection of the sunlight from their windows in a manner most dazzling. Indeed, there are few sights more inspiriting than that of the city front from the water during a clear sunset.

From the bay the eve naturallv seeks the elevations into which the city rises. On the north the land is higliest and assumes the api)earance of a plateau. Along the l)row of tliis ridg(; are seen numberless houses, generally of an appearance betokening wealth and refinement on the part of their owners and inhabitants. Through tlie vale that sinks away from these heights one sees the distant range of the Gas- cade mouQtains and the white dome of Mt. Baker. Three points on I the expanded site of the city fix attention. Ou the north central, the ' low hill crowned by the gleaming white North school building. Southward of this on a point much higher towers the great Hotel Denny, which is one of the tinest buildings in the city. Still to the right the eye passes the wiiite but now antiquated university building, but pauses on the height in the central portion of the plat where stands the great bricic Central school building. The heights surmounted by the Rainier Hotel, by the massive court house, of Doric architecture, now under construction, lead the vision to the last eminence from which the surface falls off to the upper bay or attains the great central plateau making toward Lake Washington. Such, in general, is the city upon first ghnice, imposing, dominant, massive, occupying a large part of the visual angle with the heights on the north and the three summits in the middle - such is its first impression. This | is, of course, from the water. In practice one usnally sees it first from i the railroad, but most fragmentarily and inadequately.

Once on land, a more specific oxamination becomes possible. Jt will be no disrespect to the city to say that one finds the mean and the magnificent, the finished and the crude, in very close juxtaposition - strikingly so, even for a Western city. This is because the place has been growing so rapidly.

It is not iiltogcdier easy to give a detailed description of Seattle, owing to a certain desultory and multiplex character pertaining to it, yet something of tliis is necessary here in oaier to give value to these pages as a work of reference. It will contribute to clejimess to note that the place is .separable into several distinct ])ortious. The most apparent division is that made by the lay of the land on the site of the city. One portion forms a sort of border at tlic c<ige of the water, and being practically Hat and on a level witli, or but little above, the altitude of the wharves which are built so as to be just out of the reach of the highest tides. This i.'^ a narrow strip and is either over the water or else above the original narrow beach or tide land that skirted the highland. In shape it is somctiiing of a senii-cirele, forming tile border between the upland and the water. This is necessarily the region of wharves, depots, coal bunkers, warehouses and the center of the wholesale trade. The second division occupies for the most part ground topographically higher, the sloping area from the water border up to the brow of the plateau, and includes the main business portion of the town. The residence portions are not yet strictly defined and coalesce to a considerable extent with the business area, but ever tend to become fixed on the brow and top of the plateau surrounding, and to si)read to the almost numberless suburbs from one to five miles distant.

The city front })roper is inferior as to buildings. Wharf room seems ample, however, and the docks compare well enough with those of most of the Western cities. The i)lan of slips, as in most deep water harbors of ample room, is followed. Owing to the deep water curve making a detour into the bay off the middle front of the town, the wharf line comes to a point at some distance in the bay. At the tip of this is the Stetson & Post sawmill. Like mo^t of the buildings of its class it was made for use rather than ornament, vet with its long dock piled up with assorted lii!nl)er ready for the ship, it is most interesting. The region around it is, however, somewhat waste and blasted, still bearing the marks of th(^ eonfhigration of 1S89 and not yet fully repaired. The charred piles of the previous wharves are still standing in the water of many water blocks and roadways have not been fully rebuilt. Over the waste the houses stand but sparsely and have a suspicious, uncertain appearance, a little disconcerting to the stranger. In fact it seems to be a quarter rather abused by the city itself, for ott* the wharves and in the holes and interspaces one notices the dumj)ings of the city scavengers, and beneath the docks and around the i)ilings the refuse slabs and culled logs of the entire historic period of the city would seem to have collected. It is a corner suffering from the great disaster and from the transition period, and will in time be showing better things. It is from this point that the railroad passes across the bay to West Seattle.

But to take up the description of the city in detail, we remark : The outside street on the west is known as Railroad avenue, wholly in the bay, acconmiodating the track of the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern and also to be used by the Seattle & Montana, or Great Noi'thern. This is a simple line of trestle work, and except upon the extreme southern end is not occupied other titan by this track. Water street, next toward ' 1 the land, haa been but little opened. On the next, or West street, how- ] evpr, there are niinieroUM buainpss blocks, and a great volume of bual- J ness is duiif. For about twenty blucka, or uver a mile, beffinning near I the point above mentioned, is this street thus occupied. The char- I acter of tho business done here haa not yet called for oxiwnsive build- 1 ingH - whole-sale houses in general, dealing in produce, staple groeeriea J and supplies, machinery, wai-oti and building materials as lime, paiota, | cement, sand and stone at tho adjoining docks. Here are also many J shops, such Hs of blacksmiths and iron moulders. The buildings are of J out' and two stories, of modest raein, wooden shells protected by a sheet- j ingot' cornigated iron, and half fire proof. |

There is a sort of radiating point lor all this Iowlt story, or , ground floor, of the city, skirting hs it does tlie higldand upon which j the permanent structures have been built. This point is near the I head of Commercial street and the intersection of Weller. It is hera I that Railroad avenue also begins, and near it all the princijial railroad I de))ot» and docks are located. The locality iUelf id not enrapturing, I being the sootiest, most crowded and most unpretentious angle of] radiating point in the city, but to the buaiitees man who gloata over long trains of coal, or freight ears crowded with bales of produce, hoijs, or cattle, or Hat car.s laden with stone and brick, the grime and stench are no objection. It savors of enterprise. Commercial streetcomes up from il.s long reach <ivcr tiic shallow water of the bay from the soutli, witJi no good buiMiiigs. As aro'nid such places are likely to gather, most of tlie houses are devoted to eating and drinking and lodging jiurpuses, and at this particular si>ot are finished oH' ill square fronts and ])aiiited in various gaudy colors, giving the blocks the general a])pcaranee of wearing motley. As one looks up Weller street to the easl they n\i\w\r lo be of tlie same cbarjicter. One gaudy tbrei'-stnry cheap structure, of modified Queen Anne style, called the Overland, makiiifj itself particularly conspicuous. Tlie region is, however, almost wholly a railway point.

Let us first look eastward eigjit or ten blocks along the water front. Oil Weller street at llie fotit of Second, as now ojKjned, is the dejjot of the Northern Pacific. The passenger and baggage depot is a low, unpretentious affair, built to fit the curves of the track, and painted an uncertain orange. It i.s wholly temporary. The railroad warerooras Ciistward, are composed of two immense shells, one after the other alongside the track. They are each nearly one hundred feet wide and three hundred feet long. Still eastward of these, in a building of the same character hut even longer, are the stiibles of the Seattle Transfer company On the north side of the track at a convenient distance between Second and Third streets, are tlie shops of the Oregon Improvement company and their round liouse. The depot of the Columbia & Puget Sound railroad is adjoining, ivaching t(^ Third street. A large building seen at some distance east of these big shells, proves to be the blacksmith shop and carriagt* ami harness maiuifactory of W. W. Buchanan & Sons, an extensive plant. Passing eastward over the bridging of the shallow bay, one observes a considerable sawmill and door factory and wood yards. In the angles of the streets here begin to appear some of those curious little clusters <>f shanties that perch on the wharves over the water and along tlie shore, tlie merest boxes, constructed of the poorest material, unpainted, with a scarcity of windows, and in some cases no higher than six or eight feet to the eves. Some look of cheerfulness nnd comfort, howi^ver, is sliown in them, and the family washing or the notice "Board" or " Lodging " displayed, testifies to their hal)itability. Moon^l along the shore may be seen scows or boats that, having served their day on the Sound, are now in their green and barnacled age devoted to service as domiciles. On Eighth street one strikes solid land again and finds, as the last business building in this direction, the central station of the Seattle Electric Light company, a credital)le building with a tall stack.

Returning to the starting point on Connnercial street and going west and noilh along Railroad avenue, one is brought into the wholesale region. First of all to be noticed are the coal bunkers of the Oregon Imj)rovement company, not easily overlooked. They are extended to deep water and are arranged to load vessels immediately from the cars without hoisting. To accomplish this the track from which the loading is done is elevated about sixty feet above the water, and is reached by an incline extending some eight or ten blocks. L"p this the engines shove their loaded cars, and having been pushed to position and made ready for dumping, according to their fomi of construction, are unloaded accordingly and the coal ia screened for retail use, or dumped into ships. A ship or two is usaaliy seen loading here, North of the bunkera are the great docks "A" and " B" of the Oregon Improvfinont company, at which Sound or ocean vessels, steiun craft, are always to be seen. These are the lai^est and busiest docks in the city, built shell form with arched roofs and painted reddish brown, the universal color of the wartshouses here. They are ai the foot of Jackson street. ^H

Railroad svanue makes a curve around the city front and the firsts street that it intersect.-*, at a sliglit angle, is Jack.9on. On tlie east it: - loaves a small triangle which is at present occupied by a cluster o^^~ over the iron sheathing, a cheerful color, and is occupied by heji vj~ "~ wholesalei's. Shoudy Bros, are in the southwest corner; a storage an(^^B_ saleroom of bankrupt goods ; wagon depot, and the St«am Ht.HHii[» company occupy the rest. Off their front,' across the street on th^^^^ west corner fronting Railroad avenue with Main street at the sid^^s- _ TIic block between Main and Washington streets presents a front low, niotiey shops and drinking places, and a dingy three-story smoke ^y gray iron sheated lodging house, giving a dubious character to tl^. e whole block. On tlie southwest corner of Washington, however, the^^e is a magnificent stone and brick building of three high stories belon^^;- ing to Harrington it Smith. On Washington street ends the track of the Columbia & Pugct Sound railroad, with an odd square buildii^ ig tccupied hv the Jhjilel chop house. Op]>osite tlie bri^^k till- nvcniic, is tbc hardware depot of Harrington & westward he sees oil the left or soutli side the small but bustling machine shop of McClure & Campbell, the extensive Puget Sound machine depot, the Puget Sound saw works and the wool and hide depot of D. Kellogg & Co.; and on the right or north side a lumber yard, the commission store of Frank Jobst & Co., and the immense three-storj" wholesale grocery of Fischer & Macdonald, with L. L. Hibbard^s hide and wool depot beyond and the Yesler wharf at the end.

At Yesler avenue there comes an open space, l)ut partly occupied on the right by the unpretentious wooden depot of the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern railroad. Here begins West street, diverging at a slight angle from Railroad avenue, and the business follows principally along this thoroughfare.

On the east side of the street, nortli of Columbia, appears a full block of red-brown, white-trimmed, two-story, iron-sheeted stores. Crossing Marion street, there are fully built blocks on both sides of much the same character as before. This brings the street north to Madison, the cross street on which is one of the cable car lines to Lake Washington.

From this street to tlie next - Seneca - tlie l)lock on the right is for the most part vacant, not having been rebuilt since tlie fire, but still showing burnt pile ends. On the northeast corner are the warerooms of the Badere Milling company. On the west side of the street is the freight station of the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern.

Following West street for several blocks further north, one reaches a curiously built region colloquially known as "shanty town." This stretches from about Union street along the front of the bluff indefinitely northward, occupying a narrow strip of steep ground to the w^ater^s edge, or beach, itself. The land is owned by men of wealth, but not being at present called for at prices ai)proacliing its real value, has been reserved and the use of it granted to laborers and others not having property of their own. In consequence, shanties of l)ut the most scant proportions and of poor materials, have been erected as thick as they can stand and with small effort to be in any particular order, but built according to the lay of the land, and fronting most conveniently for ingress and egress without steps. Some are burrowed ill the ground, some set up on stilts, and along tlip lioach some are I built on drift logs. Tliere are Luudreds of them. They arp mostly I new, and are usually kejjt with cleanness. They are not without e certain qiiaintne.^s and pirtHreaqucness in their general effect,

The character of the whole of tliis region that haa been de8crihe<l>l ax the ground floor of Si-attle is one of tiie results of the lire, It iftj temporary, put in plane simply ho as to do businoas for a few years and j to give way when tlie time for improvement comts^. Thus, though such violent contraM tfl the splendid block.* on the main busiDefiSl streets, it in a signiScant and exceedingly interesting jHirtion of th^J present city.

The new grand Imsinpas jiortion of Seattle, not including any i>oP- 1 tion of that Just described as occupying the circle or semi-circin of j Rat laud at the water's edge, occupies some three or four streets parallel 1 with the west water front and Hboiit sixteen cross streets - an area I soniewiiat tess than a quarter of a mile in width by a mile in length, j This is the grand business center of the city, embracing the tine| stnictnres, the general retail and nicrchants blocks, the bank buildin^, the main hotels, offices and business rooms and such more ' elegant and profitable sorts of business or trade as naturally consort mth these. This is entirely exclusive of such particular localities as go to make up the n-ings of the' ciiy. ;i,>; Bt'Ulown. North Seattle, East or South Si-altlc, whicli have more or le^^s business portions of their own of a local nature, and is of cnursc wholly escliisive of the residence [Kirtion.

The buildings in tliis part nf ih,- city are ->{ character lo discredit no city, however great - bciiifj to eiglit stories in hci^rbt and of marked slope of (be .site of Die ei(> one or two stories higher aliove the east .side.

To examine the area in detail it will be nio.4 convenient to begin with Front street - or still south, on Commercial - and view it from K<aith ti> nortli tlirough the main busines.s portion, and examine Second. Third and Fourth in like manner.

floor" Olio sUinds at the head of Railroad avenue and looks; up Commercial street towards its continuance into Front at Pioneer Place - most striking vista of ^rand and imposing buildings, well ecmiparable to the best streets of San Francisco or Chicago. The street itself has the breadth of an avenue, 8H feet, wi<le enough for the two broad-gauge tracks of the cable road and double carriage tracks on each side, allowing two cars and four carriages to drive abreast. The sidewalks are also amply broad. It is an animated scene on this street - swift cars, bustling vehicles of all kinds, and crowds of people moving to and fro.

At Jackson street the first buildings are seen. On the left or west side there is a full block of l)rick buildings with stone trimmings. Among these buildings are the Eureka house, Inisiness l)el()W, hotel rooms above, 64 in number, and the Northwest hotel, business below and 40 rooms above. On the east side is the r^<'land house, small three-storv, business below and 22 rooms above, and also the great four-storv stone and brick of E. Ij. Marshall and Cvrus \Valk(?r.

North of Main street, on the W(\st side, is a full l>lock of three-story stone and brick, among them being tin* New England liotel, fifty-nine rooms above. i)n the east is tiie massive four-story l)uilding of Squire and Latimer, the Kenyoii building and an ineomidcte structure on the corner.

North of Washington street, on tiie west, is tlie incomplete building of Harrington & Smith ; the great stone, iron and brick building of Terry and Denny, five stories in height; and the four-story brick and stone of Schwabacher & Co. On the east is the Terry building, of four stories, iron and brick.

Here one is brought to Pioneer Place, the real business center of the city. It is an ample space, not square, but five-sided, yet appearing three-cornered rather than any other shape, and some two hundred feet across. It is forme<l bv the intersection of four streets at acute or right angles - Commercial street from the south ; Yesler avenue crossing from east to west; James street begiiming here and passing at an acute angle with Yesler avenue up the slope to the east of northeast; and Front street beginning here and passing out perpendicular to the course of James street to the north of ncM'thwest. The square is surrounded by magnificent structures. On tlie west side, frouting the square are the massive stone and brick building of H. L. J Yesler, not yet completed ; the Starr-Boyd building of briek, iron and ^ granite, four etories; and tlie Kline & Rosenberg building, four stories J in height, and -wUh a front of iron and glass.

On the soutlieast aide of the square is the splendid Colnian-Starr I block of grayish white sandstone -with alcove cnlrane»> by four curved I steps and carvetl Coriiitliian columns, four stories. Behind this, 1 towards Yesler avenue, are three-story buildings. In the acute aoi;le | between Yesler avenue and James street is the five-story gray-white I block of John Collins, known as the OccidenUil block, of over two n hundred rooms. Next nortli, between James and Clicrry, fronting .j the square at a small angle on the east, is the Pioneer block of Henry I L. Yesler, of six storing and tower. It is (he largiet building on the square and the architecture is rugged. The stone work is studiedly ' nmghened and the blocks are trirametl in lioulder surface, set in columnar tiers, one over the other. The main stone work ends at the first story except that the two central coluums supporting the section of the tower in the middle are cflrried to the verj- top - two immensely rugged columns very suggestive of the pioneer character. The other buildings on llie block are of a temporary character.

Cherry .street nho delionchcs into lliis sijuare. On t!ie we.st ."ideof Front street al tlie otitii.sc angle by wliicii it continuc.-i from Pioneer Place witliout any cruss street or tilley, the KMuo & Koscnberg Iniilding is jfiincd by the five-story liuilding of the Gordon Hardware company, and next this is the very fall ISafo Deposit Imilding of seven stones. The first story of ibis building is of Tiiassive arched stone witli columnar and carved work of reiuiirkiible effect. Next to this is tlie Washiiifitoii Muck, of granite to tlie second fioor, of six stories and (i court interior of [iiilislied ash. Next is the J. li. Lewis building, four story, the Union block following, of four .stories and iron front, iduish gray in color. Knding fitly tliis niagiiilicent row in the building of Toklas tt .Singerman. It is of lirick finished in tints of yellow and four stories in lieigtit. On the east side of Front street is tlie dark three-story Sclicurniiin building, the very fine Sullivan

North of Columbia street, on the west side of Front, the entire block to Marion is occupied by the inmiense Colnian block, an iron and stone front, but as yet not carried above the second story. It will be finished to five stories with (rothic ^al)les and tower. On the east side arc three-story brick buildings, stone, iron and brick, finished in the prevailing tints of bluish gray, red brown and toudies of chrome.

Passing Marion street, the block to Madison is occupied on the west by large structures, among them tlie Tnion Hardware building of four stories, the Brunswick hotel of tliirty rooms above tlie ground floor; and, covering the rest of the block, ihv great Xoyes building, occupied in the upper stories by the Grand hot(^l, with 135 rooms, the entrance of which, on P>ont street, is particularly fine, being an arch of cut stone, supported on each side by a pillar of {)()lislied red and black mottled granite with carved Corinthian capitals. On the east side is the huge Frye block, bluish gray, iron front and stonework; also a number of temporary buildings.

The block on the west side of Front street l)etween Madison and Spring streets is vacant, and bears marks of fire. On the east side the buildings are less important than hitherto; a two-story brick stands on the southwest corner. It is succeeded bv the ( Jriffith building of three stories, brick, stone and cement front, with the magnificent five-story Holyoke building at the last - massive and imposing.

From S[)ring to Seneca streets there is but one fine structure - that occupied by Gait Brothers, of the Starr estate, sometimes known as the California block. The block on the west side from Seneca to University street is occupied on the north half by the Arlington hotel, a four-storv brick with 130 rooms. On the east side the street is well built, having the four-story brick building of G. C Phinney, the Esther building of brick and granite, the Knight building, and the Diller hotel, a four-story brick, of 108 rooms.

Between University and Union streets there is but one building on the west side of the street, the Post-fxlwards block, four stories in front, and nearlv three more on the allev in the rear. The block on

One would tliink liimself pa,'*t the good buildings, except for seeing just north of I'ike street the massive stone and brick Ri}dey lixlgiiij; houau of five stories and eighty-two rooms. On the opixisitc side of the street ia a verj' creditjible row of wooden lodging ho^lso!^. willi lower stories used as sljops and -stores - the ujumt parts known us tlii' Oregon, and the Oakland, the latter having thirty rooms.

North of Pine street to Stewart, an' two nwat three-story buildings, tho upjjer part used for lodgings - the Grandvue of thirty-two and tlie Sunnnitof thirty-six such rooms.

Across Stewart sli-eet is the Maitlnnd three^itory wooden huildiiic of substantial construction, having ruiims above and stores bvlov. . On the east, jwrched on the liigh hank, are ivsidences.

This is the summit of Fmiit street, and the end of its biisitioss bliK-ks. It now slopes north to Helltown. a <li:strict by itself wliicli will be consideix'd separately.

Beginning at the south end of Scmth Second street, one tinds oil 111.' west side a row of luw uiie-stnry briek buiMing.s. occupied by small deal.-rs, aii.l on the east side vacant ground.

The block, from Main street to Wasliington on the west, lias one prominent huilding and several temporary structures. On the east side it is excessively fine, having on the southwest corner the six-story George huilding, of brick, dark red in color, Kinnc^ar's brick building, and on the northwest corner ('ort's Stamlard theatre.

From Washington stret^t to Yesler avenue on the west side of South Second street there are good brick buildings, the Kittinger block of four stories, the George building of three stories, an<l, on the northeast corner, the Korn block of three stories. On the east side is the three story brick Dereg hotel of eighty rooms, and the great S(»attle National bank building, under construction, seven stories in height and of inm and brick.

At Yesler avenue a jog is nia(U' in the street, the Occidental building lying across it to the north and Second street proper beginning a hundred feet to the east, on the east front of this triangular building, and taking a direction some points west of north to run parallel with Front street. Hetwecn Yesh'r avenue and James street is the east front of this great building of six stories and gray finish, while the east side is unoccupied.

P^'rom James street to (lierrv, the west sidt* of Second has two immense buildings, the Butler block of live stories and 128 large rooms, and the Ilarrisburg building, wholly sandstone front of a dark bluish-gray, cut *in rugged blocks, giving the structure the imposing .strength of a cliff. On the east sich^ there are two and three-story bricks; the Smith building of stone foundation : the Kilgen block ; the Llewellyn-Dodge block, and wooden structures. Th(^ next block from Cherry street to Columbia is almost as grand as its neighl)or on the same side, consisting of the Washington Territory Investment company's building of three stories, red brick and double-columned entrance; the Kengstorff building of sixty-six rooms; and the Hinckley block of five stories, red brick. On the east side are the magnificent Horton building, under construction, and the Boston block of four stories and sixtv-four rooms abovi* the irround floor.

North of Columbia to Marion are the massive Ilaller building, five stories and sixty-four rooms; the Douthitt building and the Kpler building, of four stories each. On the east side are woo<len structures.

Fi-om Marion to Mndisoii stri^ol, Hit' west sidt^ litis but oile lug building, but that is a gitiiit among gigantic fonns - the Burke block, of red brick, of iimuiiieruble long windows, Occupying tbc swoU of the hill nnd not being crowded by any other wallfl, it looms up over till its neighbors. On tlif oftst side is tlie quiiint lliree-Htory Rnniur liuilHing of many roofs and gabIeF>, iron bulwarks nnd cresting.

North of these iiobU' buildings, StH?ond atreot t-oiitinues as n business street to its intersection with Pike, but the buildings nn? not superior, and many of the lots are vacant. Much new building is projected here, however, and many foundations are already laid.

Pike street, having been from the first n business street, is crowded fcr eight blocks from Front street with two and three-story slructurra, many of which, however, are temporary and of wood. The Sno- (pialmie hotel is one of the best. Pike stnvt is a iiiDusaiit cross street and having its course for a number of blocks in the iiatuml deprtasion, has become the route for niottir car lines, and will always he crowded with retail houses and minor business establish mvuts.

On Second street there is a system of electric car linep diverging to right and left at Pike street, thu former U>ading out to Lake Tuioii and the latter passing from Pike to Front and hy that to North Soattlft J From Front street the cjible line j'lsses by Piko to Second and thence lo the northern part of the city to reach (^iieen Anne town.

At this point the jog is reached corresponding to Pioneer J*lace on Front street, but on Third it is in striking contrast. It is at present al)Out half surrounded by singular one story l)rick structure>5, the triangular j>iece in the centre is still held as i)rivate property, and is occui)ied by a shanty. The streets touching here art^ South Tliird, Tliird, starting off at an angle some hun<lrcd feet to the east ; Yesler avenue, passing east and west; South Fourth, branching out toward the South bay, and Jefierson, here beginning and making uj) hill in a parallel with James, its neighl)or on the north. A small two-story wooden hotel, the Villard, occupies the foot of .felfcrson on the north side, and the old wooden court liousr is seen diagonally across on the east side of the s<[uare. This is a place of advantages almost eipial to thos(? of Pioneer Place, and when cleanMl of the nu'an building in the center, and surrounded with substantial buildings, it will be one of the most attractive sjjots in Seattle.

Tliird street leads out of this s(|uare in a deep cut that is of awkw-ard ai)pearance, and the buibliiigs through to Januv^ street are but little more than shanties, though occupied by busy shop-ke(»pers. On the east side, bevond the row of shanties which were erected at the time of the tire, stands the commanding mansion of H. L. Yesler, occupying the entire block, excei)t the fringe of shanties on the west ; an expensive and ornate work of architecture, with broken roof, and tow^er and alcove rooms in the third storv, a line central tier of outlooking rooms for the second floor, and thefirst floor surrounded completely with deep and cool verandas, supported by ornamental posts and finished above with iron cresting.

From James street to Cherry street the block is largely occupied with residences, with a few ornamental trees. A number of such dwellings have been turned into stores when' business is carried on in a small way. On the east side there is a wooden l)lock of lodging houses, the Albion, the Melbonrne and the Russell, the latter being painted white and four stories in height.

and stone, while tho other hiuldiiigs are temporary. Ou the east side there is nothing but wood, and the Hhorey bloek of three-stories is the only fair piece.

From Columbia atreel to Marion the west side of the street is occupied with three-story buildings of divers shapett and plans. On tlie ] east side, cornering on Third and Marion i« the Methodist Episco[>a! dmrch, of modified Gothic style, witli corner tower and spire.

From Marion to Madison theru is on the west a row of old-faahioned cottages, some transformed into liusiness stands. On the east stands the nmgnificent Chamber of Coniniei-ee building, in mansion style, of two stories and tower, and rendered im()Osing by its situation upon land rising nearly twenty feet above the grade of tlie street. Oa the same side, after a cosy cottage in the midst ofornamentalti-ee.s, is tlia First Presbyterian church, a building of considerable size, but witliout pretensions to arcliiteetund beauty.

The busiuess of Thinl street Itcneo to Pike street is but immature, some of tlie buildings being mere shanties. There are, however, a considerable number of wooden lodging houses of two and three stories and several very fine residences. The street is, in fact, in a transition stato, not yet quite ready to give way to business. Ou the corner of Union street, liowever, is the fine brick, iron and stone Burlie building, with corner bay windows and tower.

Hi, Sonth .Scaltlo, .Sontli Park and West Seatth'. "urllier out, to the north, and IJalhird, on Walnion main re.ii<Ienee puition is on the swell and toj) 1 the bay and the hikes. Tlie general eharaelerf of .Seattle are eoiiifort, decency and elegance.

liouses are simple, liomeliko cottages, wliile tasteful and luxurious mansions also abound. Flats of two and three stories of ambitious design, are seen on tlie stret^ts nearer tlie business section, but in the main the residences arc not crowded, but rather laid out on a generous scale of grounds, and contemplate ample room for lawns. As for lawn and street ornamentation the process has not advanced to a marked degree. One i)eculiarity resulting from the naturally broken surface, is the very deep cuts for the streets in coi*tain places, resembling the heaviest railroad grading. On this account ornamentation has been expensive and late. Few shade trees have been planted, and the water system has been so inadequately extended as to make lawn work (juite impossible. On the farther streets the city improvements and the native wilderness of hillside and forest are brought into violent contrast, rocks and stumps staring grimly at th(^ delicate grasses and shrubs, to make room for which they were ousted of their original possessions. The finest and most improved portion as yet, is on the brow of the plateau, comprehended in general from Pike street on the north to James street on the south, and from Seventh and Eighth to about Fifteenth.

That part of the city known as Belltown is mainly upon the land first taken as the donation claim of W. X. l^ell, and lies on the north side of the hill at the apex of which is set the splendid new Denny hotel. This portion of the city comprises perhaps ten streets along the water front and four or five to the east. The character of its surface is a gentle slope, forming something of a basin, as perfect topographically as any part of the city. The outlook from any i)ortion is very agn^eable, commanding views of the bay, and the'Olympic mountains beyond. Front is its business street, and has some good buildings.

Between Blanchard and Bell streets there are only temporary buildings on each side, those on the east being used for business below and residence above.

Between Bell and Battery streets are the best buildings in the (|uarter. On the west side near the middle of the block crowded with temporary structures is the Leader building, a one-story brick. On the east side are the Bell buildings of granite and brick, two and five

On tlie north of Battery street tlie three-story Hull building occupies the I'onu'r on the west, and the North Seattle bauk on the east; both are good three-story structures,

North St-attle is on tlic triict originally taken as the donation claim of D. T. Uenny. It extends from the bay on the west nearly to Lake Unitai on the east, and is on level, sightly land, rising very easily from the small bluff at the water to the uplands ou the north and east. It is mainly residential in character at present, with only such groceries or markets as supply the local demand. The i-esidenees are of the medium character for the most part, interspersed with flats and lodging houses ; rarely in any case a building reaching the level of squalor, and not in many cases risUig to magnificence. An exception to this is the mansion of D. T, Denny - without a superior in the city. But for the most part, solid comfort, home-like cosiness and good taste prevail here. The streets run irregularly and hence involve many acute angles, but the section is well supplied with cable and electric motor lines.

Queen Anne town, on the heights north of North Seattle, is, as may be inferred from the name, a region of elegant and attractive houses. Other portions of the city have fully as tine single residences but no sut'li uniformity of excellence. Having un altitude sufficient to commund all tlie pro.spect of the bay and much of Admiralty inlet and portion.-^ of the (Jjympic mountains, and tlie most expansive prospect of Mt. Rainier, this district pos.scsses remarkalile natural advantages. Added to this is Ihc exiiuisite outline of the higldand, needing only art to bring it out in its fulhiess. On the west it is hold and grand, overlooking and almost overhanging the water, so that the spectator looks down on tree tops and on the water. On the east it looks u|ion the surface of Lake Union with glimpses of Lake Washington and the Cascade mountains in the distjmce.

The waters of Smitli's Cove, being the northern extension of Elliott bay eat their way tbi-ougli the liigjiland, leaving on the west the southern prujeetion of West point, a picturesque highland not at present at all built upon. Tlic land at the head of the cove is low, and by a sort of sag i)asse.s over to Salmon bay. Tbe whole depression of several miles is laid off in town lots and is a recognized part of the city. It is not, however, so attractive as the i)arts more open, and commands no extensive distant view. Nevertheless, to those who know how to represent its attractions, it appears as a (piiet valley with cove and bay of bluest waters laving sandy shores - a region defended by the hills from the winds that sweej) the heights. It is, moreover, the path of the two or more railroads to hv built from Si^attle to the north and is already that of the Seattle, Lake Shore ifc Eastern. IltTe at Smith's Cove there are many nice cottages and the shops of the railroad, and near these the power house of the West street electric motor line. Streets and grounds are here laid oti" on the most ample scale, and the hill slopes have been to a large extent cleared of their stumi)S and deadwood. At the hea<l of Salmon bav is Hallard, a i^rettv suburban town with sawmills and iron works undrr way. It is a place that has sprung into existence within thr past year an<l, at its j>resent rate of gro>\i,h, would reach greatness in a short time.

All around Lake Union then* are streets of more or less densely built cottages, most of them conit'ortable and some of them ambitious. There are innumerable swells and hill j)oints that offer situations of rare beautv for residiMices, and manv of the most attractive have already been brought into reciuisition. The great l)usiness attraction of the place are the sawmills, doing an innnense business and having yards covering many acres, si>rea(l with the fragrant lir and cedar lumber. Fremont is a growing town on the north arm of the lake, and Green Lake is a bower of beautv bevond.

Lake Washington is reached by the Yesler avenue and the Madison street cable lines. The highland from the built portion of the city and lake is partly reduced and to a large extent in the wild. Along the routes of the cable lines, however, there are large improvements. But once the shores of the lake are reached, there api)ear signs of wonderful development and vast natural beauty. There is a softness and delicacy of beach, grove and uphunl not seen on the west side along salt water. On the farther shore across the lake, there are a number of beautiful lakeside* villages, as Houghton and Kirkland, at the latter of which the plant of the Gri^at Western Iron and Steel com- liast Seattle is already n dolightfulsinburb, the beginninf; of n lake idbore city. Psonth Seattle occupies a most romantic jK)sition along the lieigbt<<, with many heimtifulhumc^, and from the 5ny shines f out as one of the most himinous of the entii-e segments of the city's South Park ia nearer tlie Duwamiah river, and beyond this 9 the mce track. Along the soutlien.'ttern mde of the bay there is a ftjfroat extent of country - nearly n thouBand acres, owntnl by the rail- 1 road companies, and here will in the fulurf be laid out railroad yards l&tid t'.-nninnl works: perhaiw lumU'r yurds and (attle yards and ele- on the lino of deep water. The upi^T Duwamish bay is a weird I sunken region, with nuid Hats and crooked chumiels and tide lands T half the time submerged aiui half the time Imi'e and slimy. It will I hardly \>c an attractive place to live upon, hut is well adapted to fill- I ing in (uid use for railroad ynnis and round houses,

West Seattle is one of the most attractive ot these suburban places, being on tlic hack of the plnlaau which tenninates on the l>fly at Duwamtsh head, and makes oH' to the inlet at Alki point. It is elevated some two huudred feet above the water, to whicli it hreaka ofC almost precipitately on all sides. Trees, however, cling to the slieer walls, provuiitiiitjiiii Jipi'dirance of barrenness, ami the plateau once reached i.s lis level IIS II tield. This is esseiifially a water swimming iKininsuljl, having a shoiv of the niosl delicate curve, from the head to Alki, and from every jjoint loukinj; dnwn ii|miii llie water, crossed and recros-sed at all times by lahoriiiK :^tcat.iers. or slii|,> sailing. It has that which is lackiiij; t<. all else, the view ..I' tiie .^uun.I iii- and dnwn,a certain infinite ,<t]-ctcli and relief thill is usually met mily at the ocean side. Its view of llie Olyiiipir- ami nl' the 'aseadc niinintiiius is heyonil anything; fmnid elscwlieie, and, as llic point (,|- cliief adraction, it looks full upon Seiittte ilM'II - Mii-i.a>-in.i; Seiiltle in oflcrini; a view uf Seattle wliicb tieatlle cannot oiler.

Chapter Xxii Men Of Seattle

As a fitting and even necessary part of the present History of Seattle, biographical sketches of a number of the men prominent in the founding and building of the city and in the conduct of business and affaii's at Seattle, are given in the succeeding pages: pvENNY, Arthur Armstrong. No name is more intimately blended with the history of Puget Sound than that of Arthur Armstrong Denny, the pioneer and founder of Seattle. He is one of the few living representatives of that small band of state builders, around whom clusters much that is romantic and whose lives and deeds have already begun to assume heroic aspects and in time will be treasured as a heritage and an inspiration. The measure of the influence upon New England civilismtion, of the traditions of the Pilgrims, has already been seen. In the story of the settlement of their own country, the children of the Pacific Northwest also will have an example both noble and inspiring.

Among those who laid the foundations of the commonwealth of Washington, none excelled in service, in work and worth, the one whose name heads this memoir. Coming to Puget Sound in the vigor of early manhood, he has for forty years exerted an influence which has been broad and deep, and in every way beneficial. Preceding pages of this volume treat so largely of the part he has borne in the progress of affairs from the founding of the city to the present, that much necessary to a separate and distinct biography of his life may be omitted here. That future investigators, however, may have more full details in connection with one of the most interesting characters in the pioneer annals of this portion of the Union, we present the following additional facts relative to his life, not with purpose of lauding a man who cares little for praise, and is in little need of it, but with the simple aim of doing justice to one whose connection with the city to which this volume is devoted, has been so important and so intimate.

The progenitors in America of the family to which our subject belongs were David and Margaret Denny, his great grand parents, who came from Ireland and settled in Berks county, Pennsylvania, before the revolution. Here their son Robert Denny, grandfather of our subject, was born in the year 175^1

Robert Denny early in life removed to Frederick county, Virginia, where in 1778, he married Rachel Thomas, and about 1790 removed to and settled in Mercer county, Kentucky. Here, John Denny, the father of our subject, was bom, on May 4, 1793, and on August i^j, 1814, was married to Sarah Wilson, who was born in the old town of Bladensburg, near Washington City, February 3, 1797. Her mother's name was Scott, and both of her parents came to America at an early day.

John Deonr was a loldicr in the war of Itll'J, and belonged to Colonel Richard U. Johason's icgitnenl of Kentucky volunteer. He was also an ensiKu iu Captain McAfee's companf^ aud miE with Gciienl Harrison at the battle of tlie Thames nhen Proctor me ilefeslcd and tiK noted Tccumseh was killed. He was a niembej- of the J nUiwi* le^»l*lurc in lH«t And IK4I. with Uncoln, Vates. Baker and others, who afterwards became famous ia tiatiooal aflrairs. He was originally a Whig in politics. Imt i ftfter the foniLalion of the Sepublican party, he became a zealoiu member of that J orgmaiutioa. being its &rst candidate for governor in the state of Oregon, in 1838. ' Old Mltleis of Oregon and Washington will remember him as an eloquent speaker, J IboroughlT informeil man and a great humorist. He died July '28, ll^T.i, in hts eighty T third vear. Uis wife died on March i\ 1S41, in her forly-linh year. " For her." tayt her Kin, " 1 had the greatest reverence : and as I now look back and contemplate bel character, K seems to me that she was as near perfect as it is possible for anyone tc be in this world."

About tbe year ISIG, John Deuny removed with his wife from Kentucky to Washington county, Indiana, and settled near Salem, where their son Arthnr was bom on | Jnne 3). l>KSt. One year later the family removed to Putnam county, six miles i of Greencastle, where they lemained about twelve years and then located in Knox | county, Illinois.

Speaking of his boyhood days, Mr. I>enuy has said: "My education began in the 1 log school house, so familiar to tlie early settlers in the old west. Tbe teachers were j paid by subscription, so much per pupil, and the schools rarely lasted more than half 4 a year and oflen not more tlian three months. .Amonj; tlie earlitsl of mv recollections is one of my father hewing out a farm in the beech woods of Indiana ; and I well remember that the first school I attended was two and a half miles distant from my liome. When I became older it was otten necessary for me to attend to home duties one half of the day and then go to school, a mile distant ; but by close application 1 was able to keep up with my class. My opportunities, to some extent improved as time advanced, bul I never got beyond the boarding school and semiuary. I spent my vacations with an older brother at carpenter and joiner work, to obtain the means to pay my expenses during term lime." Young Denny, however. made the Hiost of his early educational advantages and not only acquired an excellent common school education, but gained a thorough knowledge of surveying, which be practiced as his profession during his early manhood.

Mr. Denny was married on November 2.td, 184H, to Mary Ann Boren, who has ever since shared her husband's fortunes, and "to whom," says Mr. Denny, "I am very birfjuly indebted fur any success which 1 may have achieved in life. She has been kind and indulgent to iill my fauUs, and in cases of doubt and difficulty in the long voviige we liiivc made together, she has always l)een, without the least disposition to dictate, a safe and prudent adviser."

I'or eight years after his marriage Mr. Denny was county surveyor of Kno.v couiily, Illiiuiis, a pohitiim lie resigned to conie to the Pacific coast On April UHli, IN-'.I. he starte<l with his family across the plains, reaclling the Dalles August lUh; arrived in Portland August ^1; November .jth saileil for I'uget Sound on tlic schooner

Exacts and on November 18tli, iHol, landed on Elliott Hay. The experience of the first few days of the little party which accompanied Mr. Denmy, af^er landing on the site, afterwards named Alki point, has been so minutely told in preceding pages as to be omitted here. Still. Mr. Denny*s description of the feelings which possessed him on the memorable day he landed in the wilderness is so vivid and gives such a pen picture of the dismal outlook at the time that no apology is necessary for inserting it in this connection. "We were landed," says Mr. Denny, "in the ship's boat when the tide was well out, and while the men of the party were all actively engaged in removing our goods to a point above high tide, the women and children had crawled into the brush, made a fire and spread a cloth to shelter them from the rain. When the goods were secured I went to look after the women, an<l found on my approach that their faces were concealed. On a closer inspection I found that they were in tears, having already discovered the gravity of the situation. But I did not for some time discover that I had gone a step too far; in fact it was not until I became aware that my wife and helpless children were exposed to the murderous attacks of hostile savages that it dawned upon me that I had made a desperate venture. My motto in life was never to go backward, and, in fact, if I had wished to retrace my steps, it was about as nearly impossible to do so as if I had taken up the bridge behind nie. I had brought my family from a good home, suirounded by comforts and luxuries, and landed them in a wilderness; and I do not now think it was at all strange that a woman who had without complaint endured all the dangers and hardships of a trip across the great plains should be found shedding tears when contemplating the hard prospects then so plainly in view. Now, in looking back to the experiences of those times, it seems to me that it is not boasting to say that it reciuired quite an amount of energy and some little courage to contend with and overcome the difficulties and dangers we had to meet."

The days which followed the landing of this little band of resolute men, brave and patient wives and mothers, were busy ones, and in the work of building homes and providing means of sustenance, they had little time to think of the future. The trials, privations and vicissitudes of the period spent at Alki Point, have already been recorded. The later task of forming a new settlement on Elliott bay led by Mr. Denny, with its many interesting incidents, has also been described. It remains to speak more specially of the salient points of interest in Mr. Denny's life not before mentioned, or but slightly touched upon.

About the time of the arrival of the Denny colony, there were a number of other points upon the Sound which were occupied and settled. The year 18o2 was marked by the arrival of a largely increased population in the territory north of the Columbia river. From the summer of 1851 the question of the division of the territory of Oregon had been agitated. During the fall of that year meetings had been held and the matter discussed. This led to the calling of a convention of delegates to be selected by the towns, communities or counties in Oregon territory on the north side of the Columbia to be held in Monticello, in Cowlitz county, on the 2.5th of November, 1852. Of this convention Arthur \. Denny was a prominent and influential delegate, and from it emanated a memorial to the Congress of the I'nited States, praying that so much of Oregon territory' as lay north of the Columbia river, be set off as a separate territory, to be called Columbia Territory. The Oregon legislature subsequently adopted a similar memorial, and the division was Anally secured by an act of

Mr. Denny served as connniasioner of Thurston county, Oregon, when Uiat county covered all of the territory north of Lewis county, and latei when Pierce. King, Island anil JefFereon counties were formed by the Orejjon legislature, he whs appointed coniniissioner of Kiug county. In 1N5.1 he wa» appointed the ArBt postmaster of Seattle and received the first I'nited States mall, which arrived August 27, lliVl. On the organisation of Wo&bingtoD Territory he was elected a member of the first House of Representatives, and continued a menilter of the house or of the council for niae consecutive sessions, being speaker of the house during the third session. As a legislator he distinguished himself as a worlciug uiemlier, although he frequently made speeches which were listened to with marked altentiou. There were many measures, memorials and acts introduced by him, and he did much toward moulding the early policy of the territory. He was serving in the legislative assembly when tlie attack was made upon Seattle during the Indian war of IK.Vv-^^d, and immediately upon bis return to the town enrolled himself in a volunteer company, and for six months wu ; in active service as fit-l lieutenant in Company A, Second Regiment of which company Chief Justice Lander was captain.

In 1861 Mr, Denny was appointed by President Lincoln - an early as-iociatc and warm iriendofhis fallier - as registrar of the ruiu-d States land office at Olympla, the duties of which office he discharged with eminent ability and to the hearty satisfaction of the people of the territory'. In l8'>-'>, about the time his commission would ha^T ' expired, he was elected by the Republicans of the territory delegate to the Thiity-uinth Congress. In Mr. Denny tile young terntory had at Washington a representative , thoroughly acquainted with the needs of the people he represeuteil and able lo pre- < sent their interests strongly and ably. In this position, as in every public station to which he was called by tlie people, he discharged every duty faillifully and with conceded ability.

Mr. Denny's business career in Seattle liegan with the very earliest period in the city's history. Piles and timber were the only dependence for support in the beginning, and these were shipped in the ves.«cls which came to the Sound. These vessels all carrietl a stock of general merchandise and from them the settlers obtained their supplies. The captains sold from the vessels while taking in cargo, and on leaving would turn over the remainder of their merchandise to be sold by Mr. Denny on commission. The following incident which occurred very early in Mr. Denny's business experience at Seattle will serve to illustrate his devotion to a high plane of action which has ever characteri/ed every business transaction of his life. .Mways a strong advocate of temperance, the sale of intoxicating liquors he has ever looked upon with repugnance and never would he consent to have anything to do with the traffic. At one time the captain of a vessel with whom he usually dealt, and who knew Mr. Denny's attitude in regard to the sale of .spirits, sent a cargo of goods to Seattle in charge of a young man. In the cargo was a lil)eral supply of whisky, which the yonug man had been instructed to lake to Mr. Denny, and, if he would not dispose of it, to turn it over to another man at Alki point, who was in the trade. Mr. Denny refused to accept the litiuor and told the agent to take it to .Alki. But the trader at Alki had a full stock ol his own and also refused to take the stuff. The agent then threatened to throw the whisky overboard if Mr, Denny did not take it off his hands.

Mr. Denny finally consente<l to store the goods until the owner came, and it was accordingly brought ashore and placed in safe corners about his cabin. Speaking of the incident Mr. Denny naively says: "It was a hard kind of goods to hold on to in those days, but there was never a drop of it escaped until the owner came and remove*! it to Steilacoom." A large profit could have been realized from its sale at this time and Mr. Denny was a very small capitalist in those day.s, but then, as throughout his entire career, he never engaged in any business which a high sense of duty to his fellow men or his conscience did not approve. This high standard of integrity has characterized every business action throughout his career, and not a dollar of the large fortune he now possesses was ever made by any method which involved even the slightest variance from the most honorable course.

Mr. Denny continued in the commission business until the fall of 1854, when he entered into co-partnership with Dexter Hortou and David Phillips in a general merchandise business under the finn name of A. A. Denny & Co. Their combined capital was very limited, but they did for the time, in a small one-story frame building on the corner of Commercial and Washington streets, afterward occupied by the bank of Dexter Horton & Co., the leading business of the town. The firm was di.ssolved during the Indian war, and Mr. Denny was engaged in the public service for several years thereafter as previously stated. Upon his return to the territory after the expiration of his term as delegate to Congress, he turned his attention to his private affairs.

In 1870 his old friends and business partners, Davi<l Phillips and Dexter Horton, founded the bank of Phillips, Horton & Co. At the death of Mr. Phillips, which occurred in March. 1872, Mr. Horton, although alone in business, adopted the firm name of Dexter Horton & Co. ^Ir. Denny entered the bank at this time as executor of the Phillips estate and after closing the affairs of his decease<l friend, took a half interest in the bank under the existing firm name, which Mr. Horton offered to change at the time, but Mr. Denny not desiring to make a change, it was not done. With this bank, which has long been the leading institution of its kind in Washington, Mr. Denny has ever since been connected. It is now an incorporated bank, of which he is vice-president.

In 1888 Mr. Denny published a small volume entitled "Pioneer Days on Puget Sound," in which he gives brieflv a summary of the incidents illustrating his removal to the Pacific coast, and his recollections of the early settlements on the Sound, from which liberal quotations have been made in this volume. It is valuable for the exact information it contains, but with characteristic modesty, however, he spoke of others, not of himself, and in this respect it fails to l>e what it could have been - the autobiography of one of the most notable of the Washington territory pioneers.

No one who has read the story of the growth and progress of Seattle as told in preceding pages of this volume, can fail to feel a deep veneration for this now grayhaired and venerable pioneer, who here first hewed out a home in the forest. From that day to the present he has l)een identified with its fortunes and interests, and his activity and public spirit have been felt in every movement which has contributed to its general prosperity. While great wealth has coine to him through the natural growth of the city, this has been largely enhanced !)y his business methods, his close application and his conservative tendencies. But if he has been fortunate in this regard he has been equally liberal in his charities. He donated a large portion of the necessary land on which to build the Washington university, and his public spirit

Mr. Denny U not now nrt-ivcly engaged in business aud is enjoviug a well-earned epose after a most active and eventful caieer. In reviewing tbe incidental of his life le bas receutly &aid: "M_v wock is practically over. If it has t>cen done in a W4)- t» entitle me to any credit. I do iiol fcrl that K becomes me to ctnim it. Sbould the Inverse be true, lien 1 trust that the tustille of cbarity may protect me from the too batsli judgment and criiicifin of tb<He now on the active list; and that I may be permilted III pass into a peacefnl obscurity, with the hope thnt Uieir efforts may be moie ' mcccssful Ihaa mine." Thas modestly does the founder of au already great and , prosperous city, and one whose fame and good works are the property, not only of the I city but of the slate of Washington, refer to his peisonil career which in every way has been laudable and worthy of emulation. His life, public and private, has been pure and above the lirsl breath of reproach, white his name has ever been the synonym of business integrity. His wife, with whom he has taken every step in harmony for nearly half a century, is still his companion. Foursoiia and two daughters e been bom to them, all of whom reside in the cily which is so closely associated with the manly viKues of strength, enterprise and coniage of their father and the inly graces of devotion and fortitude of tlieir molhcr.

\/i\N ASSELT. Hkxrv, the only living representative of the first settlers in King ' county, was born in Holland. April 11. IHOT, In 1847 he emigrated to tlie United States, being tbe first person living in the locality of his old coiintry home to come I to this country. Prior lo leaving botiie he promised to travel from one end of tbe United States to tlte other and write lu his people and friends the results of liii, observations. Prom Castle Garden he went to New Jersey and in that state remained nine iiKiiiihs, iinil (hen came west to St. I.ouls .\fter a stop there of five months he wcTit lo loMs anil worked there in a sawmill for ten montlis, and then joutneyed on to Illinois, living in that state until ISo", whtu he returned to Iowa and mode one of a party of eight who, with tivti ox teams .i^ :i innUvc po\KT, siartiil ncrns* the plains lo Oregon. The pitrty consislcd of Janice .S«,nfc.t.l. Dr. T. T. Wrinbt. Jfliii aud James Thornton. Humphrey Long, Jacob Wagner anil Charles Henricks. They met with many experiences and hardships inciilent to such a trip, but arrived in safety at Clackamas river, near Oregon City. .'September :.'l, ]>0»l. Tliey crossed the Willamette and went up to the Tisalalin, where they worked at making shingles until spring. The gi.lil cxcitt-nicnt was then at ila height and they «ent to the gold fields of northern California, In five and a half weeks they divided up their accnniulatiou of gold dust, and it wa» found that each was the possessor of one thousand dollars' worth of the precious metal. I-ive of Ihe party, among whom was Mr. Van .\ssell, then relnrneil t<. Ihc Willainttlt valley in Juue, 1S.->I. On the way they fell in with 1.. M. Collins, who IieiiI a land claim on the NiM|uaIly river near I'uget Sound. With Collins at tills linu- wcrt Hill Harmon :iiid Jacob and Samuel Maple. Collins so t-nthiisi.isik-ally discribtd Ihf :iilv.iiitiigcs of the Sound region as to persuade Van

Asselt. Thornton and Henricks to go with him to the Sound. On the way Van Asselt accidentally shot himself and was obliged tci remain at St. Helens for a month, while the others proceeded on the journey, but rejoined them at Nisqually. From this point Van Asselt made excursions on foot and on horseback in every direction, thoroughly exploring the section embraced in Thurston an<l Pierce counties. But he could find no place that suited him for establishing <'i home. He had about made up his mind to return to the Willamette valley, when Collins proposed to take him to a place some forty miles down the Sound, where, he said, there was some fine farming land, such as he thought would please him. Van Asselt and Samuel and Jacob Maple thereupon agreed to go with him, and on September 12, ls.')l, they started on the joume>-, and two days later they entered the mouth of the Duwaniish river, proceeding up that stream as far as the junction of the White and Hlack rivers. Here they all selected claims, the one taken up by Van AsscH still remaining in his possession. At this time the site now occupied by Seattle was inhabited solely by Indians, and there was not a white settler within the boundaries of what is now King county.

After considerable difficulty the parties named transported their stock and household goods to their new homes. The locations already made were followed soon after by those of the Dennys, Terrys and others at Alki point and within nine weeks after the first claim stakes were in the ground there were nine houses between Alki point and the claim of Mr. Van Asselt.

The hardships and privations endured by those pioneers were many, while they were constantly exposed to the treachery of the numerous tribes of Indians who surrounded them on all sides. Altercations with the latter frc(|uently happened because of their thieving propensities, but no serious trouble ensued until October liK, 1855, when the famous White river massacre occurred. An account of this murderous attftck has been given in preceding pages. The people in terror left their farms and fled to Seattle. In twelve hours after the massacre the only white persons in King county outside of Seattle were Mr. Van Asselt, Sam Maple and Dr. Grow and his brother. They remained on their places till the morning of the 2JKh, but slept in the woods for safety and left at daylight for Seattle. Shortly afterwards the Indians burned their houses, barns and fences, stole their horses and drove off their stock. Not a building of any description was left standing from the head of the White river to the mouth of the Duwamish.

The Indian war upon the Sound which followed this memorable massacre has been exhaustively treated in this volume, to which the reader's attention is directed. Throughout this period Mr, Van Asselt rendered valuable services in the protection of the settlers. It was not until the beginning of 1857 that peace was sufficiently restored to make it safe for the Duwamish and White river settlers to return to their claims Van Asselt was among the first to return, and he found plenty to do. His house and bams had to be rebuilt, his fences renewed, and in fact it was almost like beginning anew. When he had erected temporary quarters for his family he left for the Willamette valley, and there worked for several months, and with the funds thus derived he restored his ranch. He remained upon his claim, engaged in farming until 1882, when he removed to a farm in the Hood river valley between the Dalles and Portland. Here he resided with his family until in the fore part of the year 1888 when he took up his residence in Seattle.

Mr, Van Asselt was married in 186'2 to Miss Jane Msple, daugbterof Jacob Maple "I and sister of Samuel llaple. Tliej have had four children, of whom three are living, j a BOD and two daaghtera. Through bis energy in the pikst Mr. Van Asselt has acquired I means sufficient to enable him to retire from active work and to surround him^^elf 1 with every comforL In aildilion Co the distinction of being a pioneer anil stjile j builder, he is a man of strict integrity and nnsiiUied reputation.

DRLIft Wii,i,iAM N., one of the foandera of Seattle, was born in St. Clair countr^l Illiuois, on March tl, 1817. His early life nos speut on a farm, where he became i acquainted with toil and acquired the rugged physical training so essential to pioneer life. In the spring of 1851, then a young man of thirty-four, he left what civilization Illinois afforded at that early date and started to cross the great inland desert with his emigrant wagon and ox team. After brai-ing the hardships of travel and dangerm from the ever walclifu! Indian foe, be arrived with his family in the fall of the year ' on the Columbia river. Here he fell in with other emigrants, whose names hare , become part and parcel of tin- history of Seattle, and with them came for the 6r«t time to tile shores of Elliott bay. The ox teams were left to winter in the Columbia rivifr valley, and the little band of emigrants came and iiitched their tents oa what it known as Alki point. How the time was passed there and what tbcse pioneers did for the first few months after tbeir anival, has been told in preceding pages. In the following spring Mr. Bell with the Dennys, and C. D. Boren took up claims on i this side of the bay. Belltowu marks the site of the claim selected by Mr. BcIL Wilh his bardy iisi^ociates he began to lay the foundation of what we have to-day. Hn- i foiemost city in the state of Washington. The life of these early state builders n not an easy one. Mr. Bell, a farmer by occupation, found it impossible tn the heavily timbered region of the Sound country to pursue his calling with any immediate return for his labor. Me was therefore forced to do iis the others did, and turned his attention to anything that would afford a livelihood. For a time be was engaged with the other e.irly settlers in getting out and shipping to Sau Fraiiciico lumber and piles. Durinj,' the Indian war of 1S.V) and IK-ill, he remained in Seattle until after the attack upon the town, when his house was burned by the Indians. He then ren'ioved «-itIi bis family to California and remained for some time. Here bis wife died. She was a most estimable woman who had patiently liorue the trials and privations of the first few years of pioneer life on Klliott bay, and whose memory is fondly cherished by all of her conipiinions of that early day who still survive.

Soon after the death of his wife Mr. Dell returned to Seattle and csntiuueii to reside upon and improve the spot he had selected as a home. Years afterward, in IKT'J, when the wild life around the shores of the inland sea began to grow tame under the influence of increasing' civili/.iitiou Mr. Hell went on a visit to the lan.l of his birth, and r.inie back after a few months, having married Mrs. Lucy T. Gamble, a lister ofhis first wife, who still survives her husband.

When Seattle began to grow ami expand under the stimulous of imminratioo. Mr. Hell fouiKl bis. lonatiou laud claim becoming year by year more valuable, anil during llie latter years of his life he was engaged in platting and disposing of his projieily in town bits. His most noteworthy accomplishment was the ere

Mr. Bell died September 6, 1887. He was a man of very retiring disposition, honest and honorable in every relation in life and highly respected by all who knew him. His name will always be closely associated with the founding of Seattle, in which he bore an important part long before this portion of Puget Sound had become embellished with twery blessing of civilization. He was a man of the most exemplary life, of a naturally confiding and kindly disposition and a loving and tender husband and father.

Five children were the issue of Mr. Bell's first marriage, four daughters and one son, of whom but two daughters survive, Olive J., the widow of Joseph A. Stewart, now living in San Francisco, and Mary V., wife of George H Hall of Seattle. His only son, Austin A. Bell, died about three years ago.

VESLRR, Henry L., is one of the strongest links between the infant days and stalwart manhood of our city. Preceding pages of this volume treat so largely of the part borne by him in the progress of important events in Seattle's early history, that much necessary to a complete sketch of his career will be omitted here. For a more complete biography of this prominent pioneer, it is necessary to refer the reader to the history of the city as told throughout this work.