Seattle, Washington - History, 1891 (part 7 of 14)

Schwabftcher Bros. A Co. wi;re established hero in IHfifl, with IrfiS Bailey GatKert aw iTsidfut partner. Thi- stiire was first opened on the site" of the old New England lidtcl, but in 1>*72 the Hrni erected ii building on the WL'wt side of CoiiuueiTinl street, at the eoriier of Mill, or Yesler avenue. This was the fiivt brick structure in Seattle. It was 30x120 feet, and two stories in height. In the course of ten years their business had so increased ;is to ileniand a new building, and in 188,1 they put up a second building of briek 44x-'>li feel, three stories and basement, fronting on Yesler avcnne and abulting at the rear on the old huilding. thus giving them two fronts. From tliis tlicy carried on a most extensive trade in all |mrts of Washington, having branch bouses and numerous liusiness connections, until the buildings were destroyed in the gri'at lire. With very little delay, hi >wcver, magnificent new buildings were erected, and the volume of business has increased vastly. Before the tire the firm carried u stoek of over fjuarter of a million dollars in value, much of wliich found shelter in their warer<)MMER('IAL DkVKI/)PMKNT. 255 houses, om* of which was 40x160 feet, and the other 30x<)0. This has been the leading wliolesale liouse for general niereliandise. Personally Mr. Ciatzert has been one of the leading and most useful men in the (K)mmerce of the citv. With remarkable ni)eralitv of views and generositv in act, lie has assisted almost everv worthy enterprise, and was particularly forward in assisting th(^ coal industry in its struggling days. As a recognized leader in the Seattle Chamber of Commerce he has exerted a comnuinding inHu(Mice on the development of the city til rough that organization.

Frauenthal Brothers were estabhshed in the eitv in 1S()9. They have maintained a high record as a reHal)h^ and extensive business house. In 1H7H tliev erected on Commercial street a brick store building 30x80 feet, dealing chiefly in dry goods, clothing, and such farm products as wool and hides. Since the fire they have renewed and enlarged their business.

In 1870 Messrs. I. Waddell and Z. C. Miles entered into partnership for the purpose of carrying on a general stove and tinware business. Their first store was a little room at the head of Commercial street on Main. The increase of the husiness was raj^id, being ^2,500 per year for five? or six years, and then at the rat(» of $-*),000 and $10,000 annually. In 188H they were occupying a building :^")xH() feet, with a work room in the rear 'Mx'lO, and amj)le storage room in the basement.

The pioneer book and stationery store of Seattle was established in 1871 by Coombs & Brown. A short time after they began business W. II. Pumphrey bought Mr. Brown's interest, when the firm became known as Coombs & Pumphrey, later as Pumphrey & Young, then Pumphrey ct Lowman, and of late years as W. H. Pumphrey & Co.

In 1875 was established the hardware store of James Campbell, on the east side of Front street. It was first conducted as a partnership business, under the name of Wald & Campbell: until in 188() it was whollv controlled bv Mr. Campbell. lb* th(Mi carried a full line of goods to the value of $;^'),000, consisting of general hardware, implements, ship-chandlery, wagons and the like. His trade extended over the entire Sound countrv, and vvcu into British (^olumbia.

One of the moat nuticeiible establishments is tlial of Tokin.^ Sing* man it (bmpany, of tlie San Francisco store, on the west side of Froi^ street, ut tho corner of Columbia. Not only is the building very fiiitij but the display of goods, ftud the arrangement of lights for tJie evening show, is excelled by no Butabtislimciil in any American city. Atf] to managonient of the store itself, the conduct of it** multiplex depRtt ments, and the manner of effecting saica, il is on u jmr witli the fc New York houses, and om|>loy8 their most approved method.^,

The firm of Aiierbach, Toklas A Singerman first came to Scstt in 187-), with a small stock of good.s, which they opened out in i woorlen Iniiiding on Front struct. Two yeiirs later they sold out and'' went to San Francisco, but, iiiubng lliat (be memory of their success in Seattle still wont with lliom, jind securing a full stock of goods they ivturned a few montlis later, with an idea of iiermanency, and rented a small laiilding on Commerc-ial street. Their business flourislif<l to such an extent that in 18H2 (hey weiv in urgent need of quartcifj of the most ample proportions. They found none such in (be city, and prevailed upon (he miiiiagers of the Hinds estate to erect a brick building Uir them on the curnei' (if Cumniercial an<l Washington stivets, InuHc<liately upon its eoni|ileli(Hi they occupied the first door, (iOxlUO feet, and one bascnu'iit room .'J")xl>0 feet, for a storage dei>artnient. The firm name was now Toklas it Singemian, the business being then, as now, under the managcniont of Mr. J. B. McDougal. One year Liter the ))ressuri' became again so great that they extended their rooms to the entire building, using the upper rooms for the carpet and Tnillinery dcpartnients. To relieve the pressure which soon again overtook them, they constructed a gallery in the rear, employing tlie Lami)son patent railway to facilitate the wrapping and disposition of parcels.

Arrangements W(^re made in 1H8() for still furtluM* extension, which were brought to completion by tlie enntion of n nuignificent building on the corner of Front and Columbia streets. Although suffering heavily b\' the fire, they were among tbe tirst to recover, going into their present magnificent building just one year from the date of the conflagration.

lished in 1880, on Front street. Its site was subsccjuently moved to the old /W building on Front stre(?t at tbe foot (»f Cberry, thence to a site on Cherry stn^et, and afterwards to more commodious quarters on Front street. In a few years the firm was carrying a $20,000 stock, and <loing business in almost every part of Wasbington.

As merchant tailor Samuel Ki'nuy came to Seattle in 18()7, accepting employment, bowc^ver, with Stone c^* JUirnett, for five years, when he opened a merchant tailoring establishment on Conmiercial street. In 188G he was employing six men and carrying a .^tock worth $10,000.

L. P. Smith & Son, Jewelers, began business on Fnmt street in 1869 and were socm carrying a $12,000 stock. Tbe firm continued in business for almost twentv vears.

Th(i drug business was j)ractically begun as a business separate from that of tbe phvsic carried bv the doctoi's, in 1864, bv Gardner Kellogg, who has carried on the (-itv drug store for more than a quarter of a century. M. A. Kelly oj)ened a drug store at the corner of Commercial and Mill streets in 1870. F. A. Pontius engaged early in this business on Front street near Cberry, and was succeeded in 1884 by Hasbrouck & Terry.

A list of buHint»)s houHot^ at tlie present time would be too exteudedfl for inacrtion here. Great growth has bt-en made, liowever, us limy hen shown by the following: For 1890 Toklas, Singerman & <'o., were car- 1 ryiiig a stock of po<»h valued at SfiOO.OOO. and doing h buj^iuess th« I aggregate of whose trauaactions wen> $(i(ll),0{K). Schwabacher Tivm. I repoiled an increase of twenty per cent, Staver A Walker, a large 1 house, established bore as a branch, reported a business of $*iOO,000 in I agricultural and mill machinery. M

A. S. Burwell, of the Seattle Hadware company, which wMm ej^tablished in 1884, reported an increase of 60 per cent, in hia jobij biiig and retail trade, mid the hardwai-e business of the city^ at «2,"j[)0,n00. C. L. Webb of tlic Risdoii-Cabii wholesale company, reported a business of ?1, (100,000. HyamK, Pauson & Co., a wholesale flotbiug bouse opened at Seattle in February, 18H!), re(Htrtcd their store in tliis city as liaving done more business than any one of their eight great houses at Chicago, San Francisco and other large cities. Fiseber t^c McDonald, wholesale gi'oeers, reixtrted an increase of 25 ])cr cent. The Okanogan Live Stock and DR'.ssed Beef comjmny rcport^-d sales of $;tr)O,OO0. Tlie Puget Sound Dressed Beef company reported a business of SI, 200, 000 a year and cstimatc<l tlic fre.sb meat business of the city at §2,40(1,000.

The feature of trade wliiib is now iiinsl marked is Jobbing in all parts of tlie sunvaiiidiii;; eouiitry. In lliis regard Seattle is now reeogui^^ed as a trade eciifer, and the l'"astcni houses are said to be wiflidrawiufi fheir coiiinierciaj agents and leaving tlie Held.

Chapter Xi

Advantages possessed by Seattle for Manufacturing - Early Lumber Mills and their Operators - Northwestern Cracker Company - Soap Works - Furniture Manufactory - Iron Works - Brass and Bell Foundry - Leather Manufacturing - Breweries - Progress of Recent Industrial Enterprises - Ship Building - List of Vessels Built at Seattle.

THE manufactures of Seattle liave for the most part in the past been confined to the local demands of the eity, or, at the greatest, to those of the small region surrounding it. Properly speaking, manufacturing can scarcely be said to have begun until the idea is formed of manufacturing for all markets.

Of the advantages j>osscss(h1 by Seattle for the most extensive operations in this branch of industry, something has already been said. Not only does the city front townrds all the Pacilie world, having the best opportunity for sending its wares to South America, Mexico, the Sandwich and other ocean islands, and to the great empires of Japan, China and India, where the demand for the wares and machinery of America nmst be constantly increasing : l)ut, in addition to this, it has exceptional facilities for turning out manufactured articles. Timber, coal, iron, all abound at its doors. Vov the working of iron the coke and charcoal necessary mav be made as cheaplv as anvwhere in the world. The limestone for flux in the iron furnaces is at han<l. The iron is the best for the production of steel.

It is not supposed that the great manufactories will be placed within the limits of the city, or along the city front, as this would necessitiite the acquisition of property held at great prices, and incur the exj>ense of city taxation. They will rather be situated at advantageous positions along the lakes and railroad lines, at a distance of five to ten miles; but will be owned and operated by Seattle men, and be tributary to the city. As Chicago is becoming girdled with manufacturing towns, like Pullmim and Harvey, at a distance of ten to twelve miles, so will it be at Seattle. A most enticing picture is spread out before the mind, not only of wliat may be, but of what Willi be. But tlii» nin.st \)c left to the husiiie»s men of the present and thai future. Our task is t^i n'cord what has been done, which, if not Ml] brilliaut and extensive, is nevertheless more secure. Strictly conaid-1 ered, some of the things named rs mnnufactui'es are not so in UuJ broad sense, but as indicating what the poopk' have done to help them-r 91'lves, are well worthy of mention.

The lumber industry, Iiitherto that of moat importance, is not 4*] complete system of manufiictui-e, since tlie product is in a certain Bena»'l a raw material, reijuiring further labor bestowed Wfore becoming fit fi»a use. But it ia still properly classed iis a manufucturiug industry-, as itl requires labor and expense to transform the stjiniling Hnitx-r beams and phmking. This was the first form of manufmrtnring. ThaJ Yesler mill, previously mentioned, was built in October, 1 s.^^, with a I capacity of fifteen thousand feet per day.

In the spring of 1875, George W. Stetson and J, J. Post formed i partnership and opened a snudl sash and door factory at the foot < Yealer avenue, renting power from Yesler's old mill. Tliis was t beginning of the great mill next suoceeding, which has sent Senttle lumber all over the world.

Stetson and Post were praeticiil men and hard workere, and as a result their quartei-s on Mill street soon became too small for their trade. In 1876 they secured a site at the foot of (.'ommercial street, now occupied by their sash and door factory, and stiirted a small san- mill in connection with their factory - advancing and enlarging according to their abiHty. Two years lati^r, however, they found the demand for enlargement so great that they determined to build a large sawmill, and turn tlieir old one into a .''asb and door works exclusively. The new mill was seta few Imndred yanls southwest of the latter, and was completed bile in 1SJ<2, It did guml work until its destruction by fire in 1885. A m'w mill, much larger iin<l more complete, was then ei'ected on the sjinie site. It waw run regularly thereafter, cutting (iO,000 feet in ten hours ; llie greater part of wliicli was ;^oid in California and Mexico. In l«8i) if was fotally destroyed in the great fire, but has been rebuilt.

The Oregon Iniproveinent cornj)anyV mill was established during the construction of the Seattle iV: Walla Walla railroad, occuj)ying a site on the flats at the foot of South Second street. It was built by James M. Colman to supply materials for the working out of his contract - one of the many results of his wonderful enterprise during that period - and had a capacity of 2(),()()0 feet i)er day. At the sale of the railroad the mill also pas.sed to \'illar(l and was confined almost exclusively, until 1885, in cutting ties and timbers for railroad construction. In that year a new mill was l>uilt 100 vards south of the old. It was 00x11)0 fet.'t in dimensions and two .stories in height with an engine room 40x00. At the time of the iirr all was consumed, and the company, in order to meet tlirii* onh^rs, secured the mill machinery of Tatum cfc Howen, of Porthnnl, rebuildiuii: as soon as [MDssible to twice the original capacity.

The Seattle Lumber it Commercial company's mill was one of the most impoilant in the city. It was locate(l on the city front bc^tween Marion and Madison streets, occupying the whole block. The enterprise* was started in 18SJ by the firm of ( ard ^V: Lair who bought the machinery of the old Port Orchanl mill of Captain K(Miton for tem|X)rary use. These men sold out soon to the Seattle Lumber and Commercial comj)any, of which Isaac Dobson b(»came president; I). B. Denton, secretary, and A. Mackintosh, treasurer. A fine new mill was erecte<l with a capacity of :>0,000 feet per day of ten hours, and had, adjoining, a sash and door factory caj)able of turning out 2,000 pieces per day. An ayerag(* of fifty men were employed during its most active year's. This mill also was totally consumed in the great fire.

One of the most successful sawmills is that at the southern en<l of Lake Union. It is owned by the Western Mill comimny, of which I). T. Denny is one of the i)rincipal stockholders. The mill is 00x200 feet with immense lumber vards. A sash and door factory and furniture fact<jry occupy the second story of the building. This mill has been improved and enhirged until it is now one of the great lumbering establishments of the |dace.

In Januarj', ISSfi, papers wore filed incorporating tlie Norttiwest<?n Cracker company. As leader in tliis enterprise was Captiiin Davii Gilmort', through wliose exertions the work of erecting buildingl and securing machinery waw rapidly forwarded. The stmcture ercctedB was of wood, and the ovens and neceaaary appumtuH was of the lie character, and a capacity of converting thirty barreb of flour into tlitta varioua forma of hard bread was attained. The work was scarcely.! under way, however, when the whole plant was destroyed by fir& I Immediately taking action to re-establish the enterprise, Cnpttiin (iil«l more organized a joint stock company, consisting of D. Gilmor%if Charles Craig, A. M. Brookes, G. W. Vining, Cliarles LeBallister, anda others. The latest improvements in machinery were ohtiiined and a' four story building was put up. A capacity of using thirty-three barrels of flour in ten hours was reache<l, and trade was secured in all parts of the Sound country and British Columbia. Determined opposition was experienced from the competing California establishments, but was .speedily overcome.

The Seattle Soap Works were cstiiblished in 1886 by Messre. R. M. Hopkins and C. B. Bussell. They fitted up an old grist mill at the foot of Seneca street and were soon able to turn out an excellent article of household, toilet and laundry soaps. At first they met with many disadvantages and drawbacks, being obliged to contend with the opposition of the San Fi'anc-isco manufacturers and to overcome home prejudice, but before tlie year was out they bad gained an established reputation, and, licsidcs supplying the market at home, were shipidng to other puinis in Washington and British Columbia. From twelve tons pel- month the capacity was early increased to sixty tons.

The Seattle Feed Mills was an enterj)ris(» esUiblislied in 188G by Mr. J. H. Walker, an experienced miller from Oregon. The various meals and graham Hours were turnid out and the great exeellenee of Puget Sound oats was fully develoixMl. Kven Pngt^t Sound fall wheat was found to make a good brand of Hour.

The manufacture of furniture, of which the greater |)ortion is even yet imported from the East, although a number of our own hard woods and mountain timber is suitable for the best grade of tliis character of manufacture, was begun as early as 1H7*2 by the Hall & Paulson Furniture company. Their factory was located at the foot of Commercial street and was well e<[uippe(l. In 1H8;5 the company bought the Baker it Hamilton liardwood sawmill at the moutli of the Duwamish river to sujjply stock for the factory. The establishment employed from <3o t() 70 men when running full capacity, including the crews in the mill, the factory and the upholstering department.

The Lake Union Furniture comi)any, occupying the second story of the building of the Western Mill company, early began the manufacture of furniture in a snudl wav.

The Wasliington Iron Works was originally locatt^l near the foot of South Second stre(»t, and was first established bv Tennv A: Frink in 1880. In 188*2 it was made a joint stock company, and in 1884 was re-incorporated, (icorge W. Harris becoming presi(l(»nt, James Kedman secretary, and J. M. Frink suj)erintendent.

A brass and bell foundrv was established before 1880 bv John E. Good, near the foot of Commercial street. It was soon able to turn out five hundred pounds of work per day. A superior babbit metal, the result of Mr. (Tood's experiments, has been numufactured under a secret process in this shop and has gained a wide reputation.

The Moran Bros.' machine and rejjairing shoj) was established in 1882 in a small building on Yesler's wharf. Robert and Peter Moran were the owners, and their enterprise and skill so advanced their business as to necessitate a new building, whicb tbey proceeded to (M'ect on leased ground on Yesler avenu(\ Their business was afterwards increased to large dimensions.

with the Seattle iron works, afler which they occupied more ext«n^v^ qiuirters oii Front strcut, and milarned their business. Htiilroad, sawmill and foundry work was their spociHlty. Sincp thp fin- tlicy have occupied large shopB on West street.

The Sentlle Boiler works were estjiMirtliiMl eiirly in tlie fighties by Heo. Kelly, wlio turned out marine and wiwniill iKiiloi-s. tind <iid much in the way of tank and boiler repniriug,

The Siyittle Hide and Lt'alher company was funned in 18S6 by Mr.. David Kellogjj. He had Ix^fore that time bw^n engogefl in huyiiij and sliipping hides, hut, seeing the greater profits of tanning, wwit into that business. A tract of thrw Imudrod acres of hemlock forest' wa« purchased on Clallani bay. Mr. 11. II. (ireen Iwcanie associated in the busiuesK with Mr. KcHugg. Shipments of leather soon began, and the bu.'^ines.s was very prosix-rous,

Four breweries were operated in 188(J, the North Pacific, of A. Slorah, on the i'ontius tract near Lake Union ; the Hay View, of X Hamrich & Co., on the l)each road in the southern part of the city; the I'uftel. Sound brewery, of E. F, Hweeney, on tlie line of the Puget Sound railroad ; and the tieattk brewery, of Ernest Romey, on MiU| street near the county jail.

The cigar factory of Wa C'liong was the first in the city, but in 1886 another was eslal)lished by A. V. Miller who employed only white hdjor.

Durinj; 18SX local manufacturing received a new impulse. A nundjer of new establishments wcro started. Most important among these were the Seattle Dry Dock and Ship Buildinj; company, incorporated with a capital of $7o,0t)(', of which the president was Bailey (iatzert : the vice-president, Robert Moraii, who was also general maniifjcr; thi' secivtary, X. G. Rogers, ancl the treasurer, Chas. Mac- Donidd. Till- site chosen was at tlie fool of Charles street. The Pacitic Const Kxcclsior factory was alsn established in that year. It turned nut an execllent iirtiele.

Expansion was iloted in all lines of manufacturing. Eight sawmills were operated. The Stetson tSc Post cut 70,000 feet i)er day running the (»ntire year, and employing one hundred and fifty men, making an output of $o()(),000. The Commercial Comi)any's mills cut about 55 thousiind JUT day, besides 4,000,000 laths and 180,000 boxes, making a value of $425,000. The Oregon Improvement company built a new mill with a capacity of 70,000 feet per day, and turned out :i0,000 feet, employing fifty-six men. The Western mill cut 10,000,000 feet, employed seventy-five men, and increased the capacity to 80,000 fec^t. (Jeorge Newell, on the Duwamish, increased the capacity of his mill to 40,000 feet per day and emj)loyed thirty men. The Mechanics mill was established in 1888, employing thirty to fifty men, cutting 25,000 feet per day and turning off a value of $80,000. The Kirkland Lumber eompany began in 1888, establishing themselvi^s at the old Lake Washington mill, cutting 45,000 feet a day and employing fifty men. The Pacific Manufacturing company in North Seattle began operations in the same y(»ar, with capacity of 20,000 feet and emjJoying twenty-five men. The Huron Lumber com])any, with mills at Windsor, capacity 40,000 fei»t, estabhshed a vard in Seattle.

For 1890 there was considerable expansion, the total product of the maimfactures being estimated at $11,000,000. Emidoyment was given to 4,200 men.

During 1890 a boot and shoe factory, with a capacity of ninety pairs per day was established by Thorse & Bar, and the product finds a ready sale.

Amongst important new enterprises is the mill of the Seattle Flourinij Mill Company at Ravenna Park, with a capacity of 150 barrels per day. Since the establishment of the wheat elevators, a project for a mill of large capacity on the tide flats has been set on foot, and will probably be consummated.

The manufactures of Seattle are already a distinct factor in the activity of the place. They give steady employment to many men at remunerative wages. Their sale brings in large sums of money from the outside. But, with the exception of saw- mills, no line of inditiitry has beeD developed in a bigh degree, nor indeed, to BiKdt I extent aa the growth of the city aud the facilities for the disposal of the product n rani. The opportunity for the establishment of oue industry of great inagnilude i* I reco^iiied and fully appreciated by the projectors of the KirVIand iron works. niovEtnent is on fool for the establishment of anollier industry of hanlly less import- I aiice thau the iron works. That is a great sugar relinery. Seattle has special advan- I tft((es for the refining uf sugar possessed by no other Pacific Coast city. The crai product of the Pacific comes from the Hawaiian and Fiji islands, and is now utilizi wholly by two refineries at San Francisco. There were imported loto California laatl year :^,nOI),OIHI pouodti of sugar by vessels which returned to Honolulu iu ballast at^ came to the Sound empty aud loaded with lumber for the Hawaiian islauds. H Carter, Hawaiiaii minister to the I'nited StBlcs, has interested himself in the Seattle I project, and has guaranteed to aid the establishment of a refinerj'. At least (SOO.OO0 1 will be uecessarj', and an attempt will be made to secure $i ,()iKl,(>no. JUKl.lXMI has bees J subscribed in Seattle and JSiKi.iKill is itanied. The rcmainilcr will be subscribed in | the cast and tlouolulu.

II is Hciuvcly possible to give iiii oxtict list of the vessels hiiilt at^'j Seattle, but it will be desirable to Jo so a3 far ne jx»ssilil(',

In 1879 - The steamer /.. M. Starr, of the Puget Sound Steam Navigation company, 150 feet long, 28 feet beam, 9 feet hold ; steamer SuJiy, 47.43 tons : steamer Ttivorna, 42.21 tons.

SealUe as a Railroad Center - Tlie Northern Pacific - The Seattle and Walla Walla - irnion Pacific - Canadian Pacific - Great Nortlieni - Columbia and Puget Sound - Seattle, Lake Shore and Easter ci - Electric and Cable Lines - Steam Navigation - Commercial Institutions.

SEATTl,]'] is now a wi'jl rt'ei.igni/,eil railroad center. It is a terminal point of the Northern Paeilic; Die iintiei|Ktled termimis of the rnioii Piicilie (ind <>1' the Great Xortberii, and the Anieriean termintis u{ the (Janadiaii Paeillc. '!'bu last name.l three are not yet comi>lete<l but are so far midcr way of con.struclioii that tliey may ])roiK?rly Ik" included. He.side:' tbe.se transcontinental lines, tbpR' are the Columbia

& Piiget Sound and tin* Seattle, Lake Shore ifc Eastern, in full o{)eration. There are also more than fifty miles of electrie and cable roads ill tlie city. In this chapter a succinct statement of the organization and building of these lines will be ma<le, avoiding, as far as possible, re{)etition of the facts brought out in the discussion of the struggle for existence. The facts here presented have no special reference to that struggle, and relate to the progress of tlie roads themselves, rather than to that of the citv.

The Northern Pacific Railroad comjniny was first chartered in 18(>4. The charter, ap]>roved July 2d, 1<S(>4, by President Lincoln, constituted the c(mij)any a body corporate and politic, authorized io construct a line of railway from some jxiint on Lake Superior in Minnesota or Wisconsin, by the most eligible railroad route to be determined by the company, within the TnitiMl States and north of the forty-fifth parallel of latitude, to sonu* point on J*uget Sound, with a branch via the vaHey of the (olumbia river, to a point at or near Portland, in Oregon, leaving the main line not more than three hundred miles from its western terminus, having a capital stock of one million shares of one hun<lred dollars each : and also a grant of land for all purposes of construction and operation, and a land subsidy of the odd nund)ered sections for twentv miles on each side of the road where it i)assed through tlie ttu'i'itories, and for ten miles through the .stiites, or about 47,8()( ),()()() acres, coal and iron lands not being excepted. Work w-as to begin within two yi^ars, and not less than fifty miles must be completed each year thereafter, the whole to be doiu* bv Julv 4th

Although the land grant w\as munificent and was valued by the president of the company at §47:5,()00,()()0, sufficient to build the road and leave $.'^53,600,000 for the stockholdei's ; nevertheless, more irnmediat^dy jirofitable investments were open to capitalists in the IkjikIs of the Union Pacific comj)anv as guaranteed by ihv. government, and in 186f), instead of being able to begin the work of construction, the company was obliged to seek an extension of time and to present reasons for more substantial aid. A bill was therefore presented in the hou.se of rej)resentatives j)roviding that interest to a certain amount of bonds issued upon completion of twenty-five mile

One of the fripiiils of the lompany was Senator Howard of Michi*j' gau, who did much to bring !lie subject before the country. ThW route of the road was described liy him in the Detroit Adtiertieer an^^ TViAtin^, October, lKli7, as follows:

Tlic line would probably start at Bayfidd or Superior Cily (laL 4H deg., 2lt min.' naith I and run in a westf rly direction througli Minnexota, with a branch to St. Paid l| (Int. 4'!i deg.) through the tt^rritoriea of Dakota, Montana. Idaho and Wa5hingtOD,.y throwing off the branch to Portland on the Columbia river, in Orepsn. Tliis brand], it is iitobable, would commence at the crossing of the Columbia, not far from Wella ] Walla, and would be not far from SSII miles long; while the main trunk line wouM , pass a little nortli of west and temiinale at u town or settlement now known as Seattle, at the head of Puget t^ound in latitnde 47 deg. :SI min., one of the finest and ir secure harbors on the globe, communicating with the Pacific through the Straits of M KucA, a broad and deep channel, which baa Vancouver island on the north.

A new effort wa.< made to get ijubstantial aid of tlie government, ' and Senator Howard stated the gi-omuls for it in the following language :

" It was thought by those interested at the time of the granting of the Northern Pacific charter in 18<i4that no cash subsidy would be needed from the govemtnent. and they engaged that, if CongresE^ would grant Iheni quadruple the land granted to the I'nion Pacific company, they wouldgo on and accomplish the mighty enterprise of uniting by rail the lakes and the Pacific, lint they found that they could not use their lands as security for loans of money while capitalists found safer and better investment in the vast amount of government bonds issued to the I'nion Pacific and its branches. This state of things necessitated an application by them to Congress for cash subsidies, similar to those granted to the Union Pacific and its branches."

WhUv llu-e efforts wer,' -iiing ,,ii nt the east, tbc people of ^\'asllingtfui wi'ie Hot reuiisi in [ires^^ing the eluinis of the company u|toii Ciiiigress anil in December. ISiiT, I'urwardcd to Congress a nienioriiil earnestly ref|ue.sting further assistance tor the company.

The bill as finally framed and presented by Senator Howard of Michigan, contained the following i)rovision.s : Whenever twenty miles of the road are completed, for the secretary of the treasury to issue to the company G percent, bonds to the following amounts: On that portion of the road embraced betw(H*n th(» eastern terminus and the 109th meridian of longitude §1<),()(K) jut mile ; between this and the 119th meridian (being mountain district), S4S,()()0 ])cr mile, and between the 119th and the western terminus §:Vi,0()0 per mile. Even before a whole twentv-mile section was cinnpletcMJ the seeretarv to be empowered to issue the bonds to the extent of two-thirds the sum involved, and the rest on completion of the section.

The bill was referred to the con unit tee on Pacilic railroads, and owing to an irregularity - the minority of (lie committee jjreparing and publishing in the newsj)n])ers of tlie country a minority report declaring against the policy embodied in Howard's bill - a wave of popular feeling was created against giving bondecl n'u\ to two Pacific roads. The majority of tln^ committee made strenuous exertions to carrv the measure but faik'd. The only leirislation olAained was a bill granting the right to connect tin* two proposed termini but allowing no grant or subsidy.

Hope of obtaining aid of the government in bonds or money was thereafter wholly given up and new (tlbrt was made to turn the land grant to account. Two detinite lines of policy were pursued; one to proceed ^\ith the surveys and interest capitalists in the scheme, and the other to get such legislation through Congress as would give them the largest possible credit on their lands. Tli(\v therefore sent surveyors into the field and on the score of work already begun interested Jaj' Cooke tfe Co. of Philadelphia, the gn^atest bankers of the day in America, and on the second line of policy sought to make the line to the Sound via Portland the main trunk, and the line across the Cascades the branch. The announcement that Cooke was to build the road was received bv the country with enthusiasm.

Early in the session of 1870, permis?<ion was asked of Congress to substitute the branch for the main line, thus ])ringing the trunk line down the Columbia river past P()Hland,and through the valley of the Cowlitz to the Sound, and the branch across the Cascade mountains,

Work was begun on the western division in m^^, and completeAl Irj Taeonm. the terminus chosen on thu Sound, al the close of 1873r| TFie faihire of Jay Cooke & Co., in the same year, brought all actiw ojierations io a close. fJ. W. Cass had become president of the compuiij and retained tiie otiice for u time: but C, B. Wright, as president ( the land company, was the most active man in the coqwration durioj the period. Surveys were run for the braneh to nearly encircle Wash' ington, and lands to the amount of 20,000,000 acres were hypothetically laid off to llie company and restrained from settlement. Fredei ick Billings, prenou^ly interested in the road, became the leadiiq spirit, and was bringing affairs to a [joint to renew the work - Congrc forbearing to declare the land grant forfeited - but in ]S«0 wa.s super-B scdtMi by Henry Villard, who seeured the slock of the fomjwiny bya »ecret purchase. The road, from its eastern stopping place in DnkotI where it had been left by Oioke, was built throngh to Wallula nn thq^ C'oluinl)i(i. The section from I'orlland lo Kuhimu, and Ihc cxtonsioB ^ from Tiicoiiia to .Seattle were jiusiicd neai'ly to completion hefcre .January, 1«S4. Together witli tlie Ore-ron Itailway and Navifjalioii line from Wallula to Portland, under the same miinagement, tiiis brought transeonlTuental eommuuicution to Seattle. The section between Taeoina and Seattle wa.s not operated until lX»li, but since that time luiH been an integral part of ttie system. The completion of the ilivision from I'asco lo Tacoma in 1SS7-H, ha.-* liroujilit Seattle within four days of Chicago. I)es|)ite the infelicities iiu'ident upon building, the Xortlieru Pacific is a stupoiidour- work, and, o]>eraleil in the interest of the people, will stami as a inouument of enter]irise.

Upon the accession of T. F. (lakes to the presidency of the Northern PaciHe in l«S8, a policy calculated to put the road on a sound IKiying l)asis was inaugurated, and upon attaining this, plans of extending hrancrhes and feeders (o all jiarts of the state have been perfected. It is the declared j)iir[)ose of the compiiiiy to make the old road the main trunk lino and to convergi^ upon it as many as possible of the local lines. Without doubt Tacoma will remain the diverging [>oint on the waters of the Scanid, but S(^attk» will bo accorded equal facilities and advantages, not so much as a matter of justice as a matter of necessity on the part of the Xorthorn Pacific itself The trade of Seattle must bo secured bv the railroad.

So long as Seattle was dependin*:: upon tlie Northern l^acitic it thought nothing of railroad building on its own account, l)ut wdion, on July loth, 1^<73, word was received tliat I lie terminus of the transcontinental line had been fixiMl at Taeoma and that therefore Seattle would be left without a road, it was immediately determined to organize a company an<l begin a narrow-gauge track through the Snoqualmie pass to the Yakima country and Walla Walla. The reasoning upon which the undtM-taking was based was thus presented in the InkllUjenar of July lOtli, IST.*): ''We liave nothing to fear from the rivalrv of a terminal citv which is onlv a terminus for the Columbia river line, and not also tor the lin«* across the mountains. Our work and duty, then, is plain. In tliis view it is a life and death struggle for us. We must at once go to work, organize a company, secure capital and build a railroad for ourselves across Snoqualmie pass. That alone will be our permanent salvation. With it we can defy all rivalry, without it wo are forever dead as a business point. We have offered as a donation to the Northern Pacific railroad company $717,000 in lan<l and mon(\v to come luu'o, a sum greater by fifteen thousiind dollars than all the assessable property of Pierce county. We have been refused. We nuist now pledge three times that amount for a road of our own which wo shall own and control. Walla Walla farmoi-s, morchant< and capitalists and all Eastern Washington are directly interested with us and will bo sure to help us in this undertaking."

a railroad of its own, iiidept'iident of aiiy foi-ciirii company, whotliwl Nurtticrii or Union Pacific To eunnect with the Northern iit aayl jKiiiit would hf simplj' to ndd to the frttight on goods hithc-rth«1 expentK of hriiiging them to Seattle from tliat point, nvfv the price of'l hringing Ihwn to Tticoiua, fur the Northern Paeific wou)d make ttiHt J |ioint and Taeoma common traffic jiointij. Not to put Seattle U> ft dis.-! udvuiitafTc, ihurcfore, the rotid should be carried to the grain Beld8j~ wlioiice Uie freight was to come - to AValhi WhIIh. To dcjK-mJ on th«l Union Pacific was to dei>end on a hankrupl company, and itwai hunilitil miles to Ihi- nearest point on ils road. A hi-oad-gaugf tol unite with either of tlieae was therefore unnecessary ; and, moreover;! the cxiH-nso of huildiiig a hroad^augo would he nearly twicp i great as that of tmilding a narrow-gauge. To ntiso the iiieHiis foTfl a narrow-gnugc - ahout four million dollars - land along the routfll should he given hy land owners, to tlio value, if i>ossihle, of a niiltioi dollani - sufliciont tt> guarantee a loan to l)egin the work and I*)if J interest until the mud reaching the coal mines would pay in tm the interest on Imndo. The counties along the line should umpoworod to guarantee interest on h million dollai-» of honds. Mmnl for organizing should be mipplieil at once hy cash suhscriptions fo? stock.

The spirit of the people of Walla Walla in reference to t!ie road was thus spoken of by I lie Uniiin of thai city : "So far as we can judge tVom what we have hear.! on the strci>ts within a few .lays, we arc of the belief that our people t.. a man are in the warmest .sym].jit!iy with llicir friends at Seattle, and will he hut toogla.i I., do what they can to assist in the cnnstmction ..f the nia.l. As for ourselves, we feel that it is our duty t.i give it what eucoin-agi-mcut we can, believing it is at Iciist one railroa.l schenu' (hat lias not for its object the grabbing of

During the remainder of the year 187»i, the efforts of the company were directed towards securing subscriptions in hind and money, which reached a value of about half a million dollars, in securing necessary legislation and in interesting the Walla Walhi people. Legislation was passed by the Territorial Assembly permitting the bonding of counties in the interest of the road, and Messrs. Denny and McGilvra made a trip to Walla Walla, meeting with hearty aid and encouragement.

Both county aid and the assistance and eo-operation of Walla Walla ultimately failed. The fornu^r was not allowed by Congress and the latter was prevented by political sciiemers at Walla Walla and in Oregon. The survey, however, was undertaken and the route located by the spring of 1S7 I, and on tin* Hrst of May the ground was broken. Some live or six miles weie graded tiiat year. In 1875 an arrangement was made with the Kenton and Talbot coal companies by which about four or iive n^il<\s of tiie road was built from Steele's landing on the Duwamish to the Kenton and Talbot mines.

In 1870 the work was <lelinitely taken u[) by Mr. J. M. Colman, and tlic first iifteen miles were built and e(piii)ped and placed in running order by March, 1887. The road was opc^rated with gn^at profit, paying as high as thirty per cent, on the investment. In 1880 it became the proi)erty of the Oregon lm|)i'ovement company, and in 1883, under the 'promise of a subsidy from the people of Seattle of $150,000, the extension to the (freen river coal fields was undertaken, but not at once completed. The name was changed to the "Columbia & Puget Sound Railroad,'' and it is now the property of the Oregon Improvement company. Its present length is fifty-two miles.

A value of millions of dollars has been brought to Seattle by this road, and while it will not probably be much further extended, no road has been or ever will be regarded with more interest by the people of Seattle.

The 8Eattlk, Lake Shore 4 Eabterk

The Seattle, Lake Shore and Eusteni Railroad onginattil entirely i III Seattle, being the plt'ort of tlie jitKiple of the city to gain for them--J selves the bcnetit of direct tmde across the Cascade mountains <lonied'r them by the Northern Pacific, As defined in the act of incov[)onitioDl the route began on tidewater at Smith's Cove, and thence passed eaat erly to Lake Union and to Union bay on Lake Washington, (bllowingj the shore of that body of water on tlie northerly side and penetratin the hill and mountain region by the valley of tlie Snoqualmie river,.] to ctut^s the mounhiins by the 8uoqualmic ]>ass and terminate iai Eastern Washington at Walla Walla and also at Spokane Falls, modified, a bmnch is now built reaching the Canadian Pacifir on I north.

Property to an ample extent was obtained at Smith's Cove of Dr. II. A. Smith. The work of construction was begun in January, 1887, and the first section waseiniipleled in less than a year. Tlie tcniporarj" objective was the Sipiak coal Hcl<l, and lliis was early reached and the output brought down to tiie buiLkor.-i.

been named Railroad avenue was set aside as a street, being wholly on the water of the bay west of, and nearly parallel with West street. On this avenue the Seattle, Lake Sliore & Eastern was allowed a track way of twenty feet in width.

Construction of this road has been constantly going on under the management of the same conij)any as at first until late in 1890, and at present there are 212.4 miles in operation, oO of which are in Eastern Washington out from Spokane Falls. Connection with the Canadian Pacific has been nraeticallv made bv the northern branch. The road is now practically controlled by the Northern Pacific.

Thk Great Xorthkhn

Although this is a history of what lias been done rather than an account of what has l)een planned, the Great Northern has advanced to such a point that it merits mention as an established line.

This line took its origin in Minnt^sota as a grain shipi)ing road, V>eing pushed forward by James Hill. Its pres(uit Eastern eonnections are thus detailed: The (Jreat Northern railroad is the amalgamation of the Hill system known Ibr so manv years as the Manitoba, the Great Northern being formed l(»r tlie especial pur[)ose of concentrating all the lines of that system under one name and management, though, indeed, a i)art of tliat purpose seems to have been eom])letely attained under the old designation of Manitoba. The system now embraces over .*i,oO() miles of roa<l, eovering Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and Montana. A line of six steel steamships gives connection at Duluth with Bufi'alo, over the great lakes, and thence bv the Erie canal with New York citv.

On the morning of March 8, 181)0, the Posi-lntelligencrr coutainedthe announcement that the Great Northern railroad had definitely decided to seek an outlet to Puget Sound, and to make Seattle its chief western terminus. The statement was made upon authority of Vice-President Clough and Chief Engineer Beckler, of the Great Northern, and was confirmed by the action of those oflficials in asking for right of way on Railroad avenue, and in securing terminal grounds at Smith's cove and on the tide fiats in the southern portion of the city. The vice-president and chief engineer had come to Puget Sound with instructions to seek and locate a terminal point that wonM combine perfect facilities for an ocean oallet and commercial iadncements of h substaiiUal nature. Tbe officials were for some time examiuing into the sitaattoa on Puget Sound, and they Gnally settled upon Seattle ns the most advantageous point at which to locate the tertninal. It ii not necessary to discuiis the reasons which were iQEtrumental in bringing about this conclusion. They will commend tliemsetves to every one acquainted with the situation.

The &rst move of the Great Nortllem ofRcials was lo organize a local corporation in Seattle, with a capital «tock of #10,000,1)1)0, auil to ask the city council for sixty feet right-of-way, sufficient to cousiruct a,nd operate four tracks ou Railroad aveuue. The object of formation of the corporation was to take advantage of the provisions of the state statutes, which do not allows foreign corporation to secure right-of-way, by condeui nation, and, doubtless, to enlist local interest and favor in the new corporation. The council speedily granted the right-of-way, and preparations for the construction of the road were carried on vigorously, and ao far as compatible with prudeDce and ordinarily good business policy, in an open and public manner - in marked distinction to the policy of inactivity, hesitation and vacillation that had chani terized the movements of other roads.

The aim and plan of tlio road on this coast is shown below. It will thus au.'ilain thf siirnt! relation to Seattle as tlte Northern Pacific to Tacoma, l«ing the point of divergence of the arms of the highway towards the south and the north.

" I intend to have a road like a ruite," said Mr, Hill to Judge Burke in New York last fall, "with Seattle as the focal point, and prongs that reach nil the principal cities of the Northwest. The handle will bo the trunk line extending east," and Mr. Hill will unquestionably apply his rake vigonm.-=Iy to every part of the Northwest where there in paying biLsiiiess to ln' gathered. In fulfillment of this idea a mid is already ]irojeetcd from .Seattle to Portland. The preliminary survey has been made and a pnrt of the right-of-way secured. Comiectiuu will be made at 8eat!lf witli the Seattle and Montana and, further uortli, with tlie Fairliaven am! Southern and a through transverM' line from Portlaml l<i New Westminster thusestablished, Tiii,-i will be the backbone olthcgreat railroad rake. Doubtless little feedei's and simrs will uKimately run out from the backbone and then Mr. Hill's e.\]ire,ssive figure will be cumplete.

The mute of the road running north from Scuttle follows closely the cast shore of the Sound. Leaving Seattle and Ballard, it goes through Edmonds, Miikilteo and Port Gaiilner, crossing the Snohomish river at Marysville. Tbenee it skirts the eastern border of the

Tulalip Indian reservation and goes over the Stillaguamisli near Stanwood. Passing through Mount Vernon, the Skagit is crossed about one mile north, and the Fairhaven and Southern is reached on John Prairie, about six miles further on, the distance from Seattle at this point being eighty-one miles. Thence Fairhaven, seventeen miles to the north, is reached over tlie completed portion of tliat road. Tlie road goes on through Whatcom to the British boundary at Blaine, and thence to New Westminster, a total distance from Seattle of one hundred and forty-six miles.

The Great Northern has acquired l>y condemnation and purchase about one hundred and fortv acres of hind on the tide flats of Seattle, adjoining the terminal grounds of the On^gon Improvement company and Northern Pacific, upon which are to he erected its freight houses and yards. In (Oilman's ad<lition it has sixty-five acres, extending from Smith's cove to Salmon bay, where are to he its i)rincipal car and repair shops. The railroad company, with the purchase of the Fairhaven and Southern, acquired ample land and warehouse facilities for the transaction of its business there, and at every other point along its lines it carefully makes sufficient provision for the transaction of its business as a common carrier. With the lands it has obtained in Seattle, and with its sixty -foot franchise over Railroad avenue, the CJreat Northern has probably the largest and most convenient terminals i)Ossessed by any railroad in any city on the Pacific Coast.

Shortly after the Great Northern secured a right-of-way into Seattle, the Union Pacific applied for a similar privilege. This was readily obtained, and that company is now constructing a road to connect at Portland with its transcontinental svsteni.

Scarcely less importaut to Seattle thau its railroad couuectious is its magnificent system of cable and electric roads, by which one is enabled to reach any part of the city from the business center in comfort and safety and ni a very few moments. Incredible as it may seem, this young city has at least twenty-five miles of electric and cable rtiada and as mstiy more miles are now under constructinn. These all radiate ftom the center of the city in a Taanner which renders easy communication with the furthest outlying dislncta. The Vcsler avemie and Jackson Street Cable Road entends from Occidental Square to I.ake Washington by way of Yesler avenue, the return being made by way of Jackson sIreeL This road has been in operation about eight- ' een mouths. The Prout Street Cable Road, which has been in operation about nine mouths, connects Occidental Square with 'he northern portion of tbe city and the Queen Anue suburb. Ttiis road it now being extended to Salmon bay. The electnc railway has two branches, one reaching tile Lake Union district and the other the Queen Anne suburb. It is now being extended to the Green Lake district. A large extent of country heretofore almost inaccessible will he opened for residence purposes by this extension. The Madison Street Cable Road reaches Lake Washington by way of Madison street, returning by the same thoroughfare, which is to Seattle wtiat Fifth avenue ia to New Vorlt, or Van Ness avenue to San Francisco. This road will open to improvement what is destined to be pre-eminently the choice residence property of the city. A cable road also extends to the southern part of the city and one is projected to extend around the hend of the harlior to West Seattle.

Since llie above wu« panned, tlic West Street Electric line lias l>wn built and gotten into o]ieratioii to Tiallnrd on Salmon bay, and the West Seattle line ncross the bay hsia bticn coiiijdcttxl. A thicd road ia under construction to Lake Washington, iiiiii the extension of the Front Stret't Cable line has been going forward to Queen Anne town. A line to South Seattle is projected, and the end of buildiug uew uiii extending old lines is not in sight.

As tu companies the following may be given : The J'ront Street ' Cable Riiiltvay company was incorpoi^ted October 24, 1880, with capital of $f>0n,0()O, and the officers in 18JI0 were. Jacob Furth, president; II. 0. Striive, vice-president; Munricc McMickcu, secretan,- : J. P. Hoyt, treasurer; A. P, Mitten, managing director; Saiiuiel Gibson, su]ierintendent.

The MadLsoii Street Calilc Hiiilway company ; H. G. Strove, president; A. B. Stewart, vice-president: Jacob Furth, treasurer; Maurice McMieken, .s,.rrctary.

The James Street Constrtietion company was incorporated June, IHOO, with $:^00,00O ca].itHl. E. F. Wittier, president: J. F. Eshelmnn, vice-president; \V. II. Llewellyn, treasurer.

The South Seattle Cable Railway company; J. M. Thompson, president ; A. P. Mitten, vice-president ; Maurice McMicken, secretary ; Jacob Furth, treasurer.

West Seattle Cable Railway company was incorporated February 25, 1890, with a capital of $500,000 and the following officers: Thos. Ewing president; M. S. Bates, vice-president.

The electric car lines have a much greater mileage tlian the cable lines, extending to West Seattle, to Fremont and Green Lake, and to Ballard as well as to pointa in the city proper. There are four principal companies.

The Metropolitan Electric Railway company was incorporated July 19, 1890, with a capital of $;«)(),0()0, l^y Jacob Furth, A. B. Stewart, J. M. Thompson, II. G. Struve, G. II. Ileilbron, J. C. Haines, F. J. Grant, Bailey Gatzert, A. P. Mitten, J. P. Hoyt and Maurice McMicken.

The Green Lake Electric Railway was incorporated in November, 1889, with a caj)ital fixed at $150,000. W. I). Wood, president; James Leddy, vice-i)resident; C. E. Chapin, secretary: V. Hugo Smith, treasurer; E. C. Kilbourne, general njanager.

The West Street and North End Electric Railway company was incorporated November 2(1 1889, with capital fixed at $1,000,000. D. H. Gilman, president and manager and W. R. Ballard vice-president.

Theni have been steani vessels on the Sound ever since the arrival I of the Beaver, which is described elsewhere. It will not bo possibt^ t*i naiiip only those whieli belonged or did business at 8eattiQ, sinoe^ overy steamer of any importance did business from one end to the other ofllie i-iitirie Liody of wjiUt, iind llitTe i.'J sciirwly ii sti'diiuiv on the Sound but Inis touched at Seattle.

Ill general it may be said that fbe uavigntioii of the Hound has until recently been performed by tiie smaller class of boat*;, and that no great ambition has b(;en dis]ilayed to fully equip the navigation lines, I'p to five years ago tJie Columbia river po.ssessed the finest and Hcetest water craft on the coast, considerable ambition in the way of elegance and brilliancy of c(iuipment being shown. In the past five years, however, the case lias been i-evei-scd. The finest boats of the tk)hunbia have been transferre<l totheSound, and the Hoating palaces that once speil the money-laden miners and rancliers to and fro on the Columbia are now operating witli increiiscd magnificence on the Sound.

The next was the Mujor Tcympklnn, a commo<li()Us and seaworthy eraft whieli was brouglit uj) in 8ei)tember, 1854, from San Francisco, by her captain, Jame^ M. Hunt. 8ho was owned by John II. Scranton. In February of the next year slic was engaged in chasing Indians on the lower Sound, but was blown ashore and lost on the rocks of Esquimault harbor, on February 10th.

The steamer Traveller came about the same time, indeed i)recedmg the Watci* Libj. She was owned by Captain J. (J. Parker, and was on the mail route from Olympia to Victoria about two years, and was then sold to Ilorton, by whom she was chartered to the Indian department, then needing a steamer to transport otlicers and goods to their various stations, but was finally lost in March, 1858, at Foulweather bluffs, involving the loss of five men. One of these was Truman H. Fuller, who came to the Sound as purser of the Major Tompkins. The Travellei* was an iron steamer, made in Philadelphia, but brought out to the Pacific coast in sections, and j)ut togetht'r. She is said to have been the first steamer that ran upon the rivers entering the Sound, and rendered important service during the Indian war.

The first regular steaml)oat company was incorporated in 1855, and consisted of W. 11. Walhice, Wm. Cock, II. A. (Joldsborough, H. L. Yesler, C. C. Terry, James M. Hunt and John II. Scranton. Hunt and Scranton at Olympia became the most active members. The latter went to San Francisco to purcliase a steamer for the company, and got the tug-boat Charapion, but did not bring her to the Sound. 185() he bought the Conatitutirm and took the contract for the mails between Olympia and Victoria during the Fraser river excitement. A [jart owner was W. E. Moulthrop. Tlie ConHtitution was built in Philadelphia in 1850 by Ward and Price, who sold her at Panama to the Pacific Mail steamship company who afterwards sold to Scranton. In 18H0 her machinerv was taken out and the liull was used as a lumber carrier about the Sound. Tlie captains of this sti^amer were A. B. Gove and J. M. Hunt.

The Mdw was brought over from the Columbia river to nccomm<^4 date tlic increiLsod business duriiij; the Fraser river mining excite-ff ment. From California wime the Witunn G. Hunf, the iiea Bird audi the SiirjirtM on the same errand. The Hunt waa a rather remttrkablal Hteanier, having been built at the east and brought around C«p« Horn, although but a river steiiiner, to jily on the Sneranieiito, Afl the Fraser river exdtenient died down, and the Idaho mines " broke] out " the rush of Iravetors was ujj the Columhia, and the Julia and tbi Himl were taken t,o that rivor.

EfTort for increased navigation fatntities was nnide by the peopltll of the Humid and in ISlifi-Rfi a eompaiiy whs chartiTod by the t«rrito-fl rial legislature, to be known as the I'uget Sound Steam NavigatioqJ eompHny. It wo-s iiiuorporHlud by a large number of business meO, few, if any, of whom were residents of Seattlo, bnt little result was obtained. Among the steamers that arriveil from l)elow to do business on the Sound wum the tughoiit livmhtfr, under Capttiin Cuindon, wliieli came in Ifi-'iO, and blew up in 18ii7. Another was a small side wheeler, tJie Jititigct; No. J, undiT ('aiitain J. S. Ilill. Another was the tlie Rhu-k Dkimoiiil. owned for a lime by A. B. Rabbeson of Olympia, which eame in ISfjl. The O/nw Wnlkcr was built for a tow boat at San Francisto in ]8(i4, and came up in the year following. She was named for Mr. Walker of I'ort Mudi.son, and is still owned by the I'nget Mill company. In 18(if* tlie JoHk M<:Nmr vass hrnnghttothe Sound by C'iiptain Crosby uf Olymjna, to run on the mail route for the contmelors, Hailry, (.'nisby & Windsor. She was sold to the Oregon Steamship Xavigiition eonijiany of I'orthnid in ;ibont a year anil was sucetv.!od by the AV,r Wnrld, ;in old Hudson river steamer which had been l>i'onglit annnid (.'ape Hoi'ii for the trade on tlie Sacfamento. and tlience to the Sound, dnini: service a short time also on the Columbia. She was siild, after rniniing for a time on theSound, to

L. M. and E. A. Starr now obtained control of the mail line, putting on the line the steamer Alhht, a vessel of 80 tons built at Philadelphia. Soon they built at San Fraiicisc<j a tine new steamer, the North Pacijicy of 488 tons l)urthen and magnificently furnished and fitted out, which became the great steamer of the early days and is still plying on the Victoria route. Among the smaller steamere of the time are mentioned the ./. B. Lihh}/, Chchalis, Goliahy Favorite, Ptuintom, Politkoftikf/y Ruhi/, Surcc^^s, (\'Ii/o, Woodruff, Addie and Geo. E. Starr, These were not mail steamers, and were used chiefly as tugs or on special local routes. The Lihhij was ])uilt at Utsalady in 18G3, of 103 tons. The Celilo was built at Seattle in ISSO, of tMl tons. The Phantom, at Port ^hldison in ISGi), of 3')A tons. The Ruby was built at Sitka in ISOO, of 250 tons. Thi^ Gollah was built at New York in 1849 and registered 187 tons and is still in use l)y the Puget Sound Commercial company. The l^haidnm was built at Seattle (Port Madison) in 18<)8 and registi^-s 28 tons, and is now owned by G. Meyer of Seattle. Tlie Addie was l)uilt at Seattle in 1874, of 81 tons. The Starr was built at Seattle in 1880, of 472 tons. The Favorite was built at Utsaladv in 1808, re<2:isters 212 tons, and is still owned bv the Puget Sound Mill company. The Zrjfhj/r was built at Seattle in 1871, of 109 tons. The y?^//r/// was ])ui]t at Port Hlakely in 1872, of 99 tons. The L. J. Prrri/, of 40 tons, was built at Port (iaml)le in 1875. The Delia, of 35i tons, was built at Seattle in 1882. Tlu' Nellie was built at Seattle in 187G, of 55 tons. The .1/^'/, of 81 tons, was built at Seattle in 18()4. The Fdith, in 1871, of 5(1 tons. The Henry Bailey, of 87i tons, at Seattle in 1878. The Addie, at Seattle in 1874, registering 81 tons. The Seattle, of Gl tons, at Seattle in 1881. The Politkofi^ky was built at Sitka, Alaska, in 18G8, of 174 tons.

In 187G a new company was incorporated as the Puget Sound Transpoilation company and built two boats, the Mei^nenycr and the Daisy. The former under the command of Captain J. (1. Parker, and the latter under that of Captain C. II. Parker, made a line from Olympia to Mount Vernon and way points. The Me^^scnycr was built at Olympia in 187G, and registered 97 tons. In 1881 Starrs line kept

Commerciai. Institi'Tioxs

The Chamber of CoiimierL-e has been cstablishdi for many years, althougb sometimes lapsiug. It was always, however, the recoyniierl rBllyitig poiut when any pojjiilar movement was projecled. li.iiley Gat^ert was its president until the spring of IM!K), when he retired from active business and left for a two years' vacation in liurope. He was succeeded by John Leary, who hail already ser\'ed the city as mayor. Soou after the fire it was called together, stripped, however of its fine collection of pamphlets aud Uistorieal documents, whicli shared the fate of many private libraries. In March of IHIHI it was entirely reiirgoni!:cd with Mr. I.eary as president, Mr. E. O. Graves, first vice-president; Thomas W. Proscli, second vice-president; E. F. Wittier, treasurer, and J. W. Dodge, secrttary. The ttoar<l of directors includes Messrs. Percy W. Roclicatcr.C. H. KittiuKer, .Alfred Holnian, .\. I'. Mitten. Griffith Davies, B. F. Shanhut, Herman Chapin, V. R. Niesz, W. E. Bailey. Jacoh rurth, and G. H. Heilbron. The chamber created a number of committees to whom was entrusted supervision of the various interests of the city, and their recommendations have had material influence in shaping public policy. The membership is now 300, and it is in a flourishing financial condition, supported, as it is, by almost every commercial establishment in Seattle.

The Board of Trade is equally influential in its way, although its field of operations is more circumscribed. It is an association of merchants for the purpose of mutual assistance and protection. Its chief object is *'to perfect itself as an organization in which the business men of Seattle may unite their varic^d interests as a whole for the better protection of each, and thereby secure unanimity of action in all matters of common interest to the business connnunity of the city." The board was incorporated in October, 18S0, but it was not until .\pril, ISIMI, that it got into good working order. The first incorporators were (ieor;.(c B. A<lair, president, Bailey Gatzert, A. B. Stewart, Jacob Furth, J. B. MacDougall, James Campbell, Z. C Miles, W. P. Boyd and S. Frauenthal. The board appointed as secretary R. H. Goldie. The membership is now about forty, and the board has a suite of rooms in the Haller block.

Chapter Xiii

Record of Mercantile Growth from the Coal Period - Names of Business Firms in 1867- Description of the City in 1H7') - Ivxtracts from First City Directory - List of Business Houses - Condition of Business and Extent of Improvements During 1870.

THE general condition and progress of the eity from the time of its eMablishment np to the opening of tlie coal mining era lias been detailed in the connected narrative. A detailed account of the phenomenal growth during the past few years is also found in the volume. It seems [)roper and necessary to ins(M*t here a record of the mercantile and general growth during the intermediate stage of what may be called the coal period. The data are found largely in the advertising columns of newspapers and are not perfect. For 1807 the advertisements are given in full to illustrate the local style of the times, but afterwards merely named. Tin* advertisements ap])earing

Ike M. Hall, attorney and coaiisellor at law. practices in tbe cotms of Waahiag'* I ton Territory. Office on Commercial street, one door south or tbe Seattle Clotbiug

Cigar Manufactory, The undersigned would respectfully inronn the public thai he has aud keeps constantly on hand for sale cigars of all kinds, brands, wbolcMte and retail, «t prices to complete «itli tUe Saa Francisco market-

Schmieg & Boyd advertised the North Pacific Brewery; "this magnificent brewery," manufacturing ])orter, ale and higer beer ; legal tenders taken at market value.

Wold Bros., advertised a boot and shoi* store: having on hand a large su{)ply of Santa Cruz sole leather. French calf and kip, and Philadelphia kip and California kij); could supply th(» best fine boots from thirteen dollai's down to eight dollars a j)air.

For 18B8 the list is as follows: (J. 1*. l]issell, M. I)., residence on Commercial street, opposite Phniuner's store; Ike M. Hall, attorney ; \V. H. Robertson, M. 1).; Joseph WilHanison, dealer in dry goods; Geo. Barthroj), general book agent of Washington territory; Occidental Hotel ; Clien Cheong's cigar niannlactorv; Hinds, Stone & Co., clothing and merchant tailoring; tlu' (Jeni sal<K)n ; the steamship line from San Francisco advertises the steamer Cnlifonnd, Charles F. Winsor commander, freight nine dollars to Seattle; Holladay ifc Bn^nham, agents of Oregon and Mexico Steanishij) company ; Dr. Wheeler, successor to Dr. Mavnard, with ofiice at th(^ Oeei<lental ; dissolution of partnership between Messrs. O. Kellogg and M. K. Maddocks; a new hotel, The Western Terminus, remodeled out of Sires' hotel, with S. F. Coombs proprietor; The Seattle Clotliing Store of Welch tt Greenfield; Josiah Settle's clothing store ; Yesler's mills and store ; Josejdi Williamsf)n's clothing and variety store ; Wcjld's boot and shoe shop; Atkins & Shoudy's groceries and dry goods ; Kellogg tt Maddocks, drugs, chemicals, medicines, oil. Hour, feed ; the Railroad Lodging House, erected out of the Connoisseurs' Restaurant ; John JackvSon, commission merchant, to be seen every Monday and Thursday upon the arival of the Eliza Anden^on ; Mc A leer's stove store.

" Seallle is yet r|uile a small place. Ifo not allow your ima^ii nation to place here J now the city tliat will grace our pleasaDt hillside, adding the busy hum of its teem- 1 ing niillious of commerce to its attractive location, when we aie connected with Ihe-fl ulder states by the iron bands of commercial enterprise. Now we have a large new J milt, not yet in running' order ; an old sawmill, the pioneer of Pugel Sound : a grist. 1 mill ; three hotels ; thirteen stores or various kinds; three puhlic halls; and here tS- J also tlie university, the finest building in the terrilory. The amount of business for I the size of the place is fair. Town lots vary according to location ; unimproved lots I can be bought for {125 to fWi). Business lots are much higher, ranging from £i>00 tit.fl (t.-'iOa"

largest steamer ou the Sound, I believe, is the /^/ica Anderson, She is a goo<l sea boat, and as far as her lioilers and machinery are concerned, I am told, is safe. Tlie engineer. Mr, Wallace, is a qualified and competent man. Captain Finch is well known as a straightforward business man. every way qualified to fill the position he holds, and to the traveling public gives general satisfaction. Mr. White, the pilot, is perfectlj qualified for the position and in the past has been very fortunate. Mr. Morrison is also a good and quatilied pilot and cannot be snrpasseil fur bis seafaring knowledge. The Andftson carries in all about twelve or fourteen men

While tra\'eling on the AndeisoH I observed that her boats were not what they should lie. She carries two metallic boats, one a small life boat, the other a surf boat very old and leaky. I have been informed that the Atidfison is well stocked with life. preservers, pumps and hose. The next largest steamer, I think, is the Cyrus Walker, used for towing purposes and owned by A. J. Pope & Co. The Walker has lifepreservers, pumps and hose ; carries but one boat ; sUonld carry two. Her captain is a good pilot, and slie has an experienced engineer. The Steamer Colfax is owned by Adams & Blinn at Seabeck. She has a captain that is a good pilot but her engineer is generally one that has never been licensed as such. The Libby^ Mary Woodruffs Columbia^ MerrimaCy Ruby, Black Diamond , Favorite, (now just off the ways), all have captains that are good pilots, but their engineers are any ones ' they can catch.* The steamer Piofieer has been hauled up most of the time during the year. When she runs, I am told, a portion of the time she has one wheel off of the shafl, and at other times the two are in that predicament. There are at present fourteen steamers on Puget Sound and two building "

For the first of January, 1871, the list would become as follows: D. S. Maynard and Dr. Rust, his Hssociate; Dr. G. A. Weed, office at J the United States hotel; David Higgins, atbtjriiey-at-law, office in tlit Jntdligmiar hmHiug; McGilvra& Piielps, attorneys; Evans ift McCon-tJ aha, attorneys; Wni. H. Oilliam, commission dealer; A. Mackiiitosll|V real estate and collections, notary ; L. S. Smith, house and sip[n painter;, gunshop of D. S. Smitli ; Phillips. Horton & Co., bankers ; Odd Fel-i lowsloilge; "Olive Branch;" Chas. B. Annis, the Dexter livery stable; J Bailing notice of the steanier Olpnpia, D. B. Finch master, aemi-weekljF 1 to Victoria; Schwabacher Bros.; the new book store of Coombs Brown; the Railroad house; North Pacific t^team brewerj-; saddleiy.! of C. L. Mitchell; Charles W. Moore, successor to Anderson & Moore J^ stoves and tinware of Waddell & Milus ; Loi-d & Hall, contractors and! builders, at the Western Terminus building on Commercial streetj.* Stone & Burnett, succes-sors to Hinds, Htoiie & Co.; dissolution of part-T nership of Cosgrove & Dyer; A. B. Holyoke, watchmaker; Pioneer I drug store of Kelly &. Settle; Seattle drug store of M. R. Maddocks; J general merchandise store of William De Shaw; furniture store < Russell & Shorey ; clothing house of A, J. Brunn ; city market of F. ^ V. Snyder & Co.; sailing notice of tlie steamer J. B. Lihby. for Coupe- ' ville and Belliiigbiim bay; Seattle market of Booth, Foss & Borst ; Territorial University, under Prof. .1. II. Hull; Pioneer shaving and bathing saloon of Hedj^es it Fox ; Puget Sound boot and shoe manufactory of R. J. Moore; Seattle bakery of Leonard Reinig; saloon of Jas. R. Robbins ; Ycsler'w mills and store ; oyi^lur saloon of L. J. Keach.

Seattle is the counly seal of King county, has a population of about 1,500 and a commerce and business eciiial to that of a city treble its she, being, as it is. a centre of trade for a consitlerable ayricuUural population, ami for many of the loRgiug camps and milling points on the Sound. Its population is nearly thrice as large as it was four years ago and it can safely be jjut down as the leading and largest town in the Puget Sound country. It has a larj;e steam sawmill, a gristmill, a soap factorj'. two breweries, a tannery, two shipyards, a sash and door manufactory, machine shops, seven wharves and warehouses, thirty-three stores, and about one hundred otber business buildings.

From tliis a list made up from the advortising columns would seem quite incomplete, but is given, as containing some names not mentioned. It is as follows : J. J. McGilvra, attorney ; Hall & Theobolds, land agents; McConaha & York, attorneys; W. S. Baxter, attorney ; G. A. Wee^l, surgeon and physician ; 1). S. Maynard, physician and surgeon; David Higgins, attorney ; J. C. (irasse, dentist; William H. Gilliam, commission dealer: A. Mackintosh, notarv, convevancer and real estate and tax agent; Wa<ldoll (V: Miles, stoves and tinware; S. P. Andrews, hardware; the brick store* of Crawford ct Harrington; Ix)rd & Hall, contractors and builders; H. K. Xorwold, tailor; Moore's photograph gallery; John A. Woodward, dry g()o<ls, crockery, and general produce; Stone tt Burnett, general merchandise: Seattle drug store; Frauenthal Bros., clothing and fancy goods; L. P. Smith, watches and jewelry : City market of E. V. Snyder t\: Co.; boot and shoe shop of John Wenzler ; Pioneer bathing and shaving saloon ; Farnham & Pinkham, general store: Wa Choiig, cigar manufacturer; Seattle brewery; Chas. Xaher, jewelery ; North Pacific brewery; W. G.Jamieson, watchmaker, jeweler, and engrav(4'; Atkins ct Chen(\v, stevedores and wharf builders; Kusscll it Shon^v, furniture; C. L. Mitchell, saddlerv : Seattle market, Bootli, Foss tt Borst ; Eureka bakerv, William Meydenbauer; J.J. Rogers, merchant tailor : Occidental hotc^l ; Seattle drug store; F. Slotter, dealer in guns, powder, and lisliingtackle; boot and shoe store of R. J. Moore.

Seattle is the county seat of King county and au incorporated city, having a population or at least 2,000 iuhabitaiils. thus being the second city in size in the terrilorf, , and the largest in Westeru Washington. Like all uew and aspiriiig places Itia extensive iu its lerritorial urea, its corporate limits, wliicli include numeroDs additions made in the probability of its becoming the lerminna of the railroad, embracing , about H, 000 acres of land. Of this area, however, not even a tithe has yet been iiDproved and built upon. But the iuhabited portion of the site occupies a com man ding and beautiful position on a rather Bteep slope fronting Elliott or Dunamisli bay. 11. now has u water front of a trifle over n mile xii ItUKth, it extends back ou the hillside for an average distance of half a mile, and is continually reaching out its Briarean arms into the iutermiuable forest of spruce and fir, which seems to hem it in on either side and in the rear. This portion, mostly built upon, overlooks the waters of (be Sound several miles in every direction, anil possesses the Suest and most magniGcent view of any locality on the coast, its surroundings in the matter of picturesque scenery being of a grand and unsurpassable beauty.

The cleared portion o i the hillside is mostly occupied by private residences, while a flat of a few acres iu extent at the water's edge in the upper part of the townsite is the business (juarter. No more than five years ago the seventy-fire Of eighty buildings, mostly small, nestled on this Hat, with aliout 4(K) inhabitants, constituted nearly the entire town. Tbe arrival of vessels at this port was infreijuent. the mail steamer touching only once a week. Since the lapse of that short time we have a diiferent showmg to n.ake. The population is five times greater now. Instead of seventy-five or eighty liouses, a careful inspection just uiade shows that there are exactly buildings of all kinds witliin the cleared area before mentioned. Five of these are church edifices ; fifty-seven are twj-story buildings ; I-)l are oue-story and a half; 241) are one-story, and the remaining fifty-three are barns and stables. They pretty much fill up the flat, they thickly dot the hillside and give forth a pretentious and city like appearance to the commercial emporiuui of I'lij^et Sound, whose safe aud commodious harbor is alive with shipping iif all kiuds. and the headquarters of several Hues of steamers that ply these waters.

The city itself is tolerably well built, there being two splendid fire-proof stores of brick and a large number of handsomely built private residences, some of them very tasteful and expensive structures, and it presents many of the characteristic features of a New England town, the religious and educational elements among its inhabitants having manifested their presence and active co-operation in the erection of five neat and comfortable church edifices, one commodious and costly public school building, the substantial and imposing structure the seat of the Territorial University, and by the establishment of a public library and a number of societies in aid of temperance and good morals. As a general outline, so far as its constructions and industries are concerned, we may summarily state, in addition to the buildings mentioned, that there are two large and commodious hotels, one public hall, eight warehouses, seven wharves, one large steam saw and planing mill (the successor of the first one in operation on Puget Sound), a grist mill, tannery, two extensive breweries, two shipyards, a sash and do.)r manufactory, machine shop, foundry, thirty-seven stores and one hundred and twenty-five other places of business. In addition to which it has an extensive commerce, being as it is, the distributing point of the Puget Sound country, and is c ainected by ocean steamers with Portland twice a mouth, with Victoria twice a week and almost daily by a large number of Sound steamers with every locality on this arm of the sea, besides which a fleet of sailing vessels ply regularly between here and San Francisco, carrying away lumber a d coal and bringing up cargoes of merchandise for the Sound.

The above gives ii jx'euliarly bright and distinct picture of the city of only eighteen years ago, with its business activity, and refined and happy homes. The list of business places and business men is found in the oflicial and l)usiness *' Directory " published at the same time. We insert it bodilv as follows:

United States District Court, (territorial) - O.Jacobs, judge, and chief justice of the supreme court (territorial ) ; G. N. McConaha, prosecuting attorney; L. B. Andrews, clerk; L. V. Wyckoff", deputy marshal; D. S. Smith, United States commissioner.

Billiard Saloons - Alhambra, corner Mill and Commercial, B. Crossca ; Bank Exchange, comer Mill and Washington, W. Clancy; Fashiou, Commercial. Comb* , & Dyer; Gem, Commercial. .Anderson & Osborn; Occidental, Mill and James. John | Collins & Co.

Carpenters and Builders - Anderson & Hopltins, WiH; S. Denny. Fourth; R. C. Graves, corner of Third and Columbia; L. I". Jordon, Front; Lord & Hall, Mill; Palmer Bros, K Ball, Mill; T. S, Russell & Co,. Commercial.

Hotels - Occidental, intersection of James and Mill, John Collins & Co.; Railroad house, Commercial, K. M. F. Monet; United States hotel, corner of Commercial and Main, A. Johnson.

Medical Practitioners - A. Bagley, I'nited States hotel. Commercial ; S. G. Calhoun, Mill, residence, Third ; R. H. Lausdale, corner of Second and Marion ; D. S. Ma\'nard, office and residence at the hospital, Commercial ; Quan Sing, Second ; G. A. Weed, office on Commercial street, residence on Front.

Public Buildings - Territorial I'niversity, D. K. Hill, principal; public shool. Mrs. Bell, Mrs. Mackintosh and Miss Parsons teachers; private school, Miss Julia Johns, Mill and Jefferson ; Pavilion, corner of First and Cherry; First Metbodist Episcopal church, Second street. Rev. \. C, FairchiM, pastor; Baptist church. Fourth street; Metho<list Protestant ehurcli. Second street. Rev. IJauiel Bagley, pastor; Congregational church, Second; Trinity church (Episcopalian) corner of Third and Jefferson, Rev. R, W. Summers, pastor; Roman Catholic, Fourth street, Rev. F. X. Profontaine,

Examination of the above discloses the fact that the Inisiness portion of the town at that time was still, for the most part, on the flat at the lower end of Mill street and on Commercial street. The character of the business done also appears, bein^ mainly a retail trade for the needs of the peojde of the place, and for the farmers of the White river valley and the Duwamish and Black river country, and to some extent a jobbing business with the mill and coal towns within a score or more of miles. Yet even this limited jobbing trade could not have been very great, since the great mills as at Blakely and (Jamble were in constant communication by their own vessels with San Francisco and other ports, and supplying their own shops and men with goods from their own stores, certainly depended little upon any j)oint on the Sound for supplies. The fourteen principal merchandise houses could scarcely have done a volume of business exceiMling a million dollars per year, if indeed equaling this. The city was d(»[)endent uj)on (alifornia and Oregon for produce and feed, and the lack of connnunication with Eastern Washington made the importation of grain, tlour, beef and butter from that prolific region altogether impossible.

It will not be necessary to dwell in detail upon the business concerns of the years 1874-5, but for January, 1H7(), a list, such as can best be mac^e from the newspaper files, may be given of the business of the place with some account of its growth.

Tlie progress of tlie city during tlie year 187G was encouraging, as is indicated by the following summary which was published January 1,1877:

At no period in the history of our pioneer city has its growth been so rapid as during the twelve months just closed. In fact, during this brief time it has astonished the most sanguine citizens who were wont to expect big things for Seattle. Building has been going on in every quarter, and large numbers of mechanics have been continually employed on public and private improvements. New industries have been inaugurated, new business firms have established themselves among us, and the older houses have branched out more extensively in business, and the demands of trade have proved quite equal to the mercantile growth of the city. In fact, everywhere and in every branch of industry the march of progress has been apparent, and future generations will enjoy the improvements begun in \X7V>.

All of two hundred buildings have gone up during the past twelve months, and a large number of these are of a permanent and substantial character. Among them are many fine and tasteful dwelling houses, which greatly add to the beauty and substantial app>earance of our city. The most conspicuous among tliis class i-i probably the residence of our present mayor, Dr. Weed, which would be a credit to any city.

A fine two-story brick building has been erected by Frauenthal Bros., on Commercial street, at a cost of jf^lo,(M)l). A new hotel, by far the finest in the territory', has been completed at a cost of about 51 7.^^'^^^- A county jail has been erected, inclusive of the lot, at a cost (»f about #ln.(MM). Two large buildings for manufacturing purposes have also been constructed, one by Messrs. Hall & Paulson, furniture dealers and manufacturers, and the other by Messrs. Stetson & Post of the Seattle planing mills, for the manufacture of doors, sashes, blinds, etc. Private improvements in every direction have been fully proportional.

The greatest accomplishment has been the building and equipment of the first fifteen miles of the Seattle & Walla Walla road which is now almost an accomplished fact. This great work will in a few weeks have been completed at a cost of 51^^.000. In this the greatest credit is due to our enterprising citizen, Mr. Colman, who boldly volunteered to take the "elephant on his hands " and push the work through to completion, which he has done with the most commendable energy. The building of the road has given employment to a large number of men during the past several months and greatly stimulated business

Another important woik has been going on here the past six months namely, the grading of Front street. Over ;^18,(K)0 have been expended in this way, and the improvement will be lasting and of incalculable benefit to the city for years to come. Besides this, $5,000 has been expended by the city in general street improvements. Heretofore there has been no established grade and street matters were managed here about the same as in a large country village. Now a regular system has been adopted and our streets will gradually become symmetrical.

The sawmill of Mr. Colman has been averaging during the past year about 4o,- 4100 feet of lumber per day and giving employment to about i\') men. The manu- fftcturing estalilishments of Stetson Si Post and of Tall & Panlion have been r niDX at their full capacily. Our several foundries, machine shops and the floiiring milts of Mr, Buzby. as also the otlii^r manufacturinj; enterprises, have found the vear a prospernu^ oite and have been rushed with business and given emplovment to * I large nnialier of mechanics. But the great source of Seattle's prosperity is her mines. The most extensively worked of these is the Seattle mine, owned by Seattle Coal Sl Transportation <:om[:an>'- This company was organiied about Ihreefl years ago atid up to two years since their product of coal had not during a exceeded 2.-il(i tons, while during the past month the mine has produced S>.-iO(L.I Captain Taylor, the present manager, took charge of the work at the time indicatei], ^ While Mr. Polhemua has acted as the company's agent. To Mr. Sbattuck. ttl« general superintendent in charge, assisted by thesie gentlemen, is to be attributed tbe ^eal prepress nithin the past tHO years. During the past year ST.HIS tons of the coal were brought from the mine to Seattle, showing an increase over the pievioos year of 27,5^ tons, while the total product of the ritinc (hiring |t*7fi, including c sumption at the mine, reached nea-ly 100,001) tons. A village has sprung up at mine of about SO"! inhabitants and considerable improvement has been made there ] dnring the paal year. Including those engaged in the transportation and a' the company has given employment to 25(J men during the year. In the construction. 'I of hunkers, wharf, etc., in this city, [hey expended daring lH7li about $2!i,(IOti, and o the bunkers at the mines (to,tJ(HI during the same time, while at the same place they 4 have erected about 100 cabins and houses and a small aawmill with a capacity oT'l about l,n(»(l feel of lumber per day. Their tolal disbursements for labor. impro*«- T nients and material during the period considered foots up (400,000. The company' coal product now, exclusive of what is consumed at the mine, is 400 tons per dayj During the current year they CKpect to bring to Seattle 1,000 tons per month Tbei supply of coal is inexhaustible, and they have already enough prospected to last, aK'l the present rate of mining, fifty years.

Next in production of this great staple conies the Renton mine. This company was organized aliout the same time as the one above nieutioueil. During the last year they have made consitlerable improvement at their mine and have given employment to about eighty men, aud disburseil al>out fSO.OOO. the total production of the mine has neen L'O.IKK) tons, of which they have shipped IN.'ilKI tons. They have a sawmill at the mines with a capacity of -i.OOO feet per day. grown up there containing twmty or thirty families. This tie. has an almost inexhaustible supply of coal in view, , . has charge of the' company's aiTairs here, and being a ness man. this imjiortant business enterprise uniler dncted admirably and with profit to the stockholders

I.OOO feet long was commenced for the purpose of draining the mine. .\11 this was completed, together with other improvements, at a great ex]jense. They have also built three-fourths of a mile of railroad to connect with the Seattle aud Walla Walla, The business aud manngemenl of the alTairs of this company are under the official su])erintencience of John Collins, Hsq,, a part owner in the mine.

Another chapter is devoted to the story of the more recent and more rapid growth of Seattle. The foregoing sketch with tlie extracts which accompany it, will, however, convey an idea of the e^irly growth of the town as well as of the constant faith and hopefulness of its people.

Chapter Xiv

OWING to the fact that the city has been so largely rebuilt since the great fire, it might be inferred that the marked growth did not begin until after that event and that what has been done in the past year or more was rather in the nature of rei)airing the damage, perhaps on an ambitious scale, than tlic legitimate growth of the place. But as an explanation of the growth of even the past year, this would be most inadequate. Wliile the damage has been repaired the city has no more than sliot forward to the point it would have reached in case the fire had not occurred. That is, the building up aft^r the fire was not the thing that gave the ])resent impetus to growth. While by that calamity the legitimate^ building of two years has Ixjen crowded into one, and while many eight or ten or even thirty thousand dollar buildings have been replaced by those costing ten times these sums, the rapid improvement had begun more than a year before the fire, and it is a question whether the city has reached a point beyond which it would have attained without that terrible event. About all that can be truthfully said is that Seattle wjis not wiped out by the fire, and that it took advantage of the calamity to put up better business blocks and widen the streets. The phenomenal growth however, began more than a year before.

Atlantic coast, its ri^lit and necessity to land at Seattle must and will be conceded by every American, since at tins port only can America compete witb England for tbe round-the-world trade.

Portland, on the Willamett(* next arose*, aspiring to be queen of the Pacific Noiibwest. With a situation remarkably good for an inland town, at the entrance of the Willamette valley, unsurpassed in beauty and fertility, and commanding the gateway to the Columbia river basin, it inevitably grew to tlie first place in the region north of California. 80 long as the primitive cnnditiuns coutiinuHl it held its place. So long as it was able to constrain commerce to follow the lines of travel first cut out it felt secure. With the improvement of the rivers and the opening of the Panama or Niearaugun ({uuil, it will still possess some advanUiges as a commercial center. Hut it lias not been able to maintain the primitive conditions, and tlie Viuvs of commerce are taking a straight course past its <loeks, to rench the sea by Seattle. In all probability Portland will continue to advance at its present rate - a conservative, steady town, offering in some respects advantages superior to those of ony other city, and having its own traditions and ways, devoid of the highest ambition or attainmcMits.

But, without indulging in prophecy, it is well to mark here the steady stride i)ast all i>()ssil>ility of artilieial restraint of the latest and final seat of commerce toward its ultimati' j)osition. The trade of the Orient, the landing place from which trans|>ortation lines spread like a fan to all part,s of North America ; and where in turn the entire railroad system as representee! by the four great American transcontinent^d railways concentrate and sto}) - such has Seattle become.

As early as the form(»r year the attempt to put up large and costly structures was manifested, showing the belief that the demand for rents would repay large expenditure. During this year some of our best buildings were erected - the Boston' block on Second street remaining from the fire as a specimen of the business structures, and

As to the ntiinber of iiiiprovenicnts, tlie foregoing is but a small portion, tlie total for tlint year being 1,447, the most of which were resideiiees, costing from two tbousaiul to five thousand dollars, though a large number were cottages of lcs.s expense.

Added to tliese must be mentioned the four miles of cable road from the city front to Lake Washington, built at a cost of $200,000, and tliu Front Street C'lilile at ?:iOO,000. Extensions of tlie gas and water pipes iiggregiittxl 87,000 feet, wliieh togetlier witli the improvements at tlje gas and water works cost JHO.OOO. Tlie total of all ini]>rovemeiits for 1«HS was ^.-J.OSnt.ysiO.

The remarkable growth liegun in IKHH and eontiiuiing into the first months of 1HS!I without iiausc, reeeived in June of that year a cheek that miglil have terniiiialed the existeni-e of a iessvigorous city. This was the great lire, to an aeeouiil of which a chapter is elsewhere devoted. The destruction was appalling and the city seemed for a few hours to have been annihilated. Nevertheless, such was the reserve force and substantial ability and confidence of the leading men of the place that they scarcely winced under the blow. The wealtli of the place was, after all, but slightly located in its buildings or improvements, but chiefly in its site, and its position in reference to the country. Whatever reasons there were for having once placed buildings upon the site of the city, were still in continuance, and not a property owner but knew that his landed holding would be ample security for rebuilding even more expensively tluni before Loss of time and interruption of business there must be, but these were reduced to a minimum by supplying the traders witli temporary shelter, while new stores and shops and hotels went up. Even while the ruins and rubbish heaps were still smoking and not yet cool, many of the capitalists of the town gathered together forces of men and began the work of clearing and excavating for new buildings. This activity was looked upon by the j>ublic generally as simply a display of spirit. In this, however, the public was not altogether correct. The men who began the work of creating Seattle anew, were scarcely conscious of the display of encM'gy whicli was so markedly noticed by observeiu They were simply intent on saving time, and bringing as nearly as possible to completion, the plans for work laid down at the beginning of the year.

Great activity in building had begun early in the year (1889) on the outskirts and in the suburbs. A number of new towns were well nigh created. Such places were Latona, Edgewater, Fremont, Ross and Ballard, on the line of the JSeattle and Eastern railroad, on the north shore of Lake Union and Salmon bay. Work begun here i)roceeded without interruption. At West Seattle and on Lake Washington work of an extensive and expensive character undertaken before the fire, proceeded without hinderance. Within the city limits, outside of the burnt district, building was going on or was projected on the most extensive scale. This continued without noticeable check. The improvements under construction in the district devastated - and these were of a large volume - were necessarily swept away. The effect, however, as to building, was simply to multiply by nearly ten, the aggregate of building for llie season in the business center. Tliat ill, I the residence jjortion and on the outskirts and in the suburbs cer- J tatiily was not increased, nor was it materialty liecivasod. Probably i the enormous demand for labor and material to carry to completion 1 the work of 1889 in the year following, lias mat«rially diminished tlu building of residences during the year 1890. But this inecjuality will be set right during the coming year.