Duluth Township (part 11 of 15)

Mr. Hanson was born in Norway March 23, 1858, and came to America and located at Duluth in 1882. His first employment was as clerk in a general store. Later for five years he was on duty with the St. Louis County Bank, beginning as messenger boy, was promoted to bookkeeper, and on severing his connections from this bank engaged in the real estate and insurance business and for several years one of his sons, now deceased, was associated with him under the name P. George Hanson & Son. That title is still retained, but another son, Frederick C, is now with him. The firm maintains offices at 1915 West Superior street, and does an extensive business in loans and insurance, in building management and in the handling of bonds and other securities. Mr. Hanson has been closely identified with the development of the West End of Duluth, and the citizens of that portion of the city regard him as one of their ablest and most substantial leaders and co-workers.

Mr. Hanson served as a city alderman from 1892 to 1899. He is a Republican in politics. November 25, 1882, at Duluth, he married Miss Johanne Erickson. They reared a family of seven children; namely: Hartwick O. and Anna M., both deceased; Joseph R., a building contractor of Duluth ; Oscar, an electrical contractor of Duluth ; Frederick C, an attorney and associated with his father ; Ruby B., bookkeeper for her father, and Muriel A., attending High School.

Duluth And St. Louis County 817

Mr. Hanson is a member of the Commercial Club of Duluth and a member of the Methodist Church. He was one of the secretarys and is now vice president and director of the Duluth State Bank and one of its largest stockholders.

E. J. W. Donahue. Duluth and Saint Louis county enjoy a high reputation because of the high order of their citizenship, and none of their citizens occupies a more enviable position in the esteem of his fellows than the gentleman whose name appears at the head of this sketch. A residence in this locality of many years has given his fellows a full opportunity to observe him in the various lines of activity in which he has engaged, and his present high standing is due solely to the honorable and upright course he has pursued. As a leading citizen of his community he is eminently entitled to representation in a work of this character.

E. J. W. Donahue was born in Bismarck, North Dakota, on January 27, 1875, and is the only child born to his parents. His father, Edward Donahue, was a native of Illinois, who moved to North Dakota, where he made his home for a number of years. In 1910 he came to Duluth, but a short time later returned to Bismarck, where he spent the remainder of his life, his death occurring in 1918. E. J. W. Donahue was educated in the public schools of Saint Cloud, Minnesota, and at the age of eighteen years became a stenographer in the offices of the Northern Pacific Railroad, where he remained about three years. He afterward was employed as chief clerk to the general manager and superintendent of the Montana Railroad, but about a year later resigned that position and became bookkeeper for a wholesale grocery house, where he was employed several years.

In 1909 Mr. Donahue, in association with others, began exploring in the Cuyuna Range, their investigations resulting in the opening of the Cuyuna, Mille Lacs Mine, the Cuyuna Duluth Ironton Mine, the Duluth Brainerd Mine, the Sultana Mine and others. Mr. Donahue served as president of the three first named corporations. On July 1, 1914, the Cuyuna Mille Lacs and Cuyuna Duluth Companies were consolidated with the Dunbar Furnace at Dunbar, Penn.sylvania, under the name of the American Manganese Manufacturing Company, of which Mr. Donahue was secretary and manager of the western end until he resigned in May, 1915, in order to enter into other business on his own account. In 1916 he became associated with Alexander McKenzie and A. B. Cook in the purchase of the east half of the southeast quarter of section 28, town shi]) 47, of range 29, Crow Wing county, ^linnesota. which was later improved as the Gloria Mining Company and the i)roperty opened for shipment. In addition to his ore interests Mr. Donahue has also devoted considerable attention to the oil business, operating properties in the shallow fields of Kentucky with success. He maintains offices in the Alworth Building, Duluth. A man of keen discernment and mature judgment, he has been an important factor in the development of the country contiguous to the Head oi the Lakes, and because of his energy and iH'rseverance he has gained a satisfactory measure of success.

On Sei)tember 25, 1902, Mr. Donahue was married to Marv E. Burns, and to them was born two sons, James and Emmet, but the former died at the age of seven and one-half years. Emmet Donahue was born December 5, 1906, and is now a student of the Cathedral High School.

I'olitically Mr. Donahue gives his support to the Republican party, while his religious faith is that of the I\oman Catholic Church. I'raternally he is a member of the Benevolent and I'rotective Order of Elks.

the Knights of Columbus, the Royal Arcanum and of other organizations and clubs. He is also a member of the American Mining Congress and the Mining Institute. Although modest and unassuming, Mr. Donahue possesses a strong and vigorous personality, and in the best sense of the term is fitted as a leader of men and well fitted to manage important enterprises.

Edward C. A. Johnson, former mayor of Virginia and for many years practically engaged in many phases of civic development, of which the citizens feel justly proud, is a native of the kingdom of Norway, born there February 1, 1880, but has been a resident of this part of Minnesota for more than thirty years.

Mr. Johnson is a son of Johan O. and Christina M. (Sather) Johnson, who immigrated to this country in 1891, among other reasons to give their children better opportunities than were available in the old country. Some few years prior to 1891 the father came on a tour of inspection to the United States, to look over the situation generally before bringing his family. Johan O. Johnson had been operating a bakery and confectionery store in Norway. He returned to that country in 1891, and on again coming to the United States, brought the entire family back with him to the United States, on arrival here going on out to Minnesota and locating at Duluth. He was employed for a time at the Scandinavian Bakery in the West End, but in 1892 moved to West Superior. Later on he lived and proved up on a homestead at Iron Junction, but eventually moved to Virginia, where he now resides. The elder Mr. Johnson has never had any reason to look backward, having been successful in his undertakings from the very beginning.

Edward C. A. Johnson, when twelve years old, accompanied his parents from Norway. He learned the baker's trade while working with nis father and continued thus engaged until the premises were burned out in the great fire of 1900. After that disaster had been overcome he started a bakery on his own account in Virginia, and has continued in the bakery business ever since, extending the scope of his trade with the passing years and now enjoying a large connection.

When a young man Mr. Johnson became interested in the work of the Virginia volunteer fire department and served as a volunteer throughout the disastrous fire of 1900, and at the age of twenty-two had become the chief of the Virginia fire department. He realized that after the serious losses involved by the general fires of 1900 Virginia was sorely in need of fire protection. This view created two factions. Mr. Johnson, in view of his public worth as a citizen, was induced to run for the office of alderman in 1912. He had the singular experience of being nominated by one faction, endorsed by the opposing faction, and elected without opposition. He was subsequently re-elected to the same office for two succeeding terms. During his first term he was an earnest advocate of public paving, and he has never ceased being keenly interested in and an active supporter of all civic improvements. He was appointed on the commission that adopted the first charter, and upon its adoption was appointed a member of the first police and fire commission.

In 1918 the citizens of Virginia further honored Mr. Johnson by electing him mayor of the city, and he served the public in this representative capacity for two years - the period covered by the participation of the United States in the World war. During his administration the maintenance of order in a community largely composed of cosmopolitans occupied much of his time. A market place, which had been under consideration for many years, was established, enabling the producers and consumers to come into direct contact. Mayor Johnson took a very active and patriotic part in supporting all movements promoting war activities, and he was vice president of the Virginia Defense League.

On January 15, 1904, Mr. Johnson was married to Cora Johnson, and they have five living children : Charles Edward, Janice Christina, Olivia Josephine, John Albert and George William. Two children died : Edward Robert and one unnamed. Mr. Johnson is an earnest member of the Lutheran Church and of the Masonic Order, the Odd Fellows and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. As an Odd Fellow he has achieved distinction and served in 1913-14 as grand patriarch of the Grand Encampment of the state of Minnesota. In 1915 he was elected a representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge at San Francisco. Mr. Johnson enjoys the confidence of all classes of his fellow citizens, and he and his wife give of their time and abilities to the furtherance of all projects intended to advance the community welfare.

Joseph Christopherson. a well-known citizen of Virginia, descended on both sides of the house from Swedish families, has been a resident of the Range country for more than a decade and for ten years his home has been in \'irginia. where he practices his profession of optometry.

Mr. Christopherson was born at Minneapolis, Minnesota, January 8, 1879. When he was four years old he was taken by his parents, Olaf and Sarah Christopherson, to Dassel, Minnesota, and he was reared in that place and there he received his early education. Both his parents were natives of Sweden and came separately to the United States, the father arriving in 1869, and after living for a time in Minneapolis they moved to Dassel, this state.

Joseph Christopherson is one of four children - three of whom are now living - born to his father's first marriage. When about fifteen years old he moved to South Dakota and worked on a farm, receiving remuneration at the rate of eight dollars a month. He spent four seasons engaged at farm work, and then returned to Dassel. where he served an apprenticeshi]) of four years to acquiring a knowledge of the drug business, later taking up special studies in pharmacy. When he had completed these studies he became manager of a drug business at Dassel, where he remained until 1910. In the meantime he had decided to try a new line and took up the study of optometry, passed the state board examination, qualified, and in April, 1910, began the practice of optometry at Hibbing. However, in the fall of that year he moved to Virginia and resumed his practice as an optometrist, in the intervening years steadily adding to his clientele and firmly establishing a reputation in his profession. He has added the office of director of the Farmers and Merchants State Bank to his other activities.

August 25, 1910, Mr. Christojjherson was united in marriage to Miss Esther Hane, of St. Paul, Minnesota, and they have become the parents of four children: Ralph, Janet, Joseph, Jr.. HI, and Richard. Mr. Christopherson is a member of the Charter Commission, a member of the Rotary Club, and his religious affiliation is with the Lutheran Church. He took an active part in the promotion of the various bond drives and other American movements during the World war. rendering much practical help to the work. He is a strong believer in the future prosjx-ritv of V^irginia and is ever on the alert to "boost" the communitv in which he has made his adopted home.

chant from comparatively small and humble beginnings. He had the ability to work hard and consecutively, possessed ambition, good judgment, and twenty odd years have been sufficient for the achievement of a commendable record.

Mr. Persons was born in Sweden December 23, 1881, and was about four years of age when in 1885 he came to this country with his parents, G, C. and Mary (Anderson) Persons. His father established his home in Duluth and continued to follow his trade as a carpenter until his death in 1898. All the three children are still living, Charles A. being the second in age.

Mr. Persons graduated from the Lincoln grade school at Duluth in 1895, and continued his education in the Duluth High School until 1897. In the meantime he had learned much of practical business, having carried a paper route for seven years and during vacations worked as water boy for the contracting firm of Fredin & Wilson. In 1897, on leaving high school, he entere'd the great Duluth mercantile house of Marshall & Wells, and acquired a thorough commercial training with that establishment. Eighteen years later, in 1915, he employed his modest capital to enter the retail hardware business at Barnum, and in 1918 returned to Duluth and bought out the Johnson Hardware Company on West Superior street. He has a highly satisfactory patronage and business and keeps his store well stocked with heavy and shelf hardware, builders' hardware, roofing and paper, paints and automobile supplies.

Mr. Persons is also well known in civic and social life, being a member of the Duluth Builders Exchange, the Alpha-Omega Club, the Modern Woodmen of America, and is a member of the First Swedish Baptist Church. Politically he votes as an independent. On April 26, 1911, he married Miss Ellen Renstrom, of Duluth. Their four children are Virginia, born September 23, 1912, June, born June 30, 1916, and Charles and Robert, twins, born April 15. 1918.

Captain Samuel Rickard, captain of the Mohawk Mine near Aurora, is one of the most widely experienced and traveled mining men on the Minnesota Range. He has mined various metals from tin to gold in nearly all the celebrated mining districts of the Globe, from South Africa to the Pacific Coast. He has been well and favorably known and has found important responsibilities as a miner and mining official on the Range for the past fifteen years.

Captain Rickard was born in Camborne, Cornwall, England. October 18, 1881, son of James and Mary Jane (Champion) Rickard, of Cornwall. By virtue of his environment, a Cornishman is almost born to a career as a miner. James Rickard was a veteran miner in Cornwall, and on his first trip to the United States he mined copper at Copper Falls and in the old Central Mines. Later he came again to America, and he worked in the copper and gold mines in many sections of the United States. He finally returned to England and lived there until his death in 1908, at the age of sixty-five. His wife never came to the United States, though six of her sons took up their residence in this country.

Samuel Rickard had the advantages of the schools of Cornwall, and at the age of fourteen went into the tin mines of that country, working with his father. Not long afterward he came to the United States and was employed in the old Kearsarge Mines at Calumet, Michigan. Later experiences as a miner took him to Utah, Montana, British Columbia, and in 1901, just after the close of the Boer war, he went to South Africa and helped work some of the gold mines of the Transvaal. Leaving that country, he again came to the United States and in 1905 located permanently on the Range. He was on the VermilHon Range under Captain Tom Williams, later in the Elba Mines and for the Republic Iron and Steel Company at Gilbert, was transferred to the Monica Mines at Biwabik, then became shift boss at the Mohawk Mine, was employed in a similar capacity by Pickands, Mather & Company at the Belgrade Mine, and since 1915 has been on duty as captain of the Mohawk Mine. Captain Rickard married Miss Grace Dunstan, February 4, 1901. She is a daughter of John and Eliza Dunstan, and she grew up in the same town in Cornwall as her husband. They have four children, named Samuel G., Gwendoline, Vera Dunstan and Albert Ernest. The family are Methodists in religion and Captain Rickard is a member of the Masonic Lodge at Eveleth and Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Biwabik, while in politics he votes as a Republican.

Joseph C. Helm. Long continued and substantial associations with Duluth business affairs, an intelligent and public spirited participation in public life, have brought Joseph C. Helm a place of honor and dignity in the community, and he is. in fact, one of Duluth's best known citizens.

A native of Minnesota, he was born at Monticello, April 24, 1865, son of Meredith and Nettie H. (Hill) Helm. His remote paternal ancestors were French. His father, who was born at Logansport, Indiana, spent his active life as a merchant, having a general store in Monticello, Minnesota, and later one at Nunda, Illinois. He was a thoroughgoing and enterprising business man, and died at Monticello in 1878. He was the father of two children, Joseph C. and a daughter who died at the age of eighteen months.

Joseph C. Helm was only thirteen years old when his father died, and not long afterward he had to make his own work his dependence for self support. After completing his education in j)ublic schools he was employed on a farm three years, worked in a wholesale pickle factory at Chicago for about a year, followed that with clerking in a store at Ridgefield, Illinois, another year, and for about eight months was again in Chicago, employed in a wholesale house.

Thiif was the preparation and experience which he brought with him when he came to Duluth in March, 1886. At Duluth Mr. Helm took up the real estate business on his own account and conducted one of the general busy real estate agencies of the city for about twelve years. He also became interested in local politics, and was elected and served as a city alderman in 1892-93. The City Council api)ointed him countv commissioner, an ottice he held during 1894-95. From 1905 until 1912 Mr. Helm was in the brokerage business. For two and a half vears he kept books for the firm of French & Bassett. and in February, 1915. was appointed supervisor of assessments by the Board of Countv Commissioners, and has held that position of ])ublic responsibility ever since.

Mr. Helm is a former president of the West V.nd Commercial Club. He is affiliated with Ionic Lodge No. 186, .\. F. and .X. M., and is also a member of the .Scottish Rite bodies and the Mystic .Shrine.

In May. 1889. at Duluth. he married Miss Kate 1'. Swanstrom. daughter of E. G. .Swanstrom. long a i)rominent merchant and business man of Duluth and at one time receiver of the Land Office. Mrs. Helm was educated in the public schools of Duluth. To their marriage were born two children. Viola B. on Af)ril 29, 18*)1. now tlu' wife of Mr. Sidney Morterud. of Duluth. and Meredith !-",. Helm, born January 24. 18<^.\

The son. Dr. M. ]\. Helm, was educated at Duluth, graduated from the Duluth Central High School, is a graduate of Northwestern I'niversity of Chicago, and is now in the active practice of dentistry at Duluth.

Soon after America entered the war with Germany he enlisted in the Dental Reserve Corps, was called into active service September 13, 1917, and for about eight months was a dental officer with the rank of first lieutenant at Camp Funston, Kansas. He left Camp Funston May 22, 1918, for overseas, accompanying the 355th Infantry of the 89th Division landing in England and afterwards going to France. He was with his command throughout the war and came home with it. He was on sion, landing in England and afterward going to France. He was with duty during the St. Mihiel Drive and the battle of the Argonne, and after the signing of the Armistice accompanied the 89th Division to Germany with the Army of Occupation. While in Germany he was promoted to the rank of captain. Dr. Helm returned home June 22, 1919.

Abel E. Person. In the building of the fine homes of Duluth one of the firms that has performed the largest aggregate of service has been Berglund, Peterson & Person, and the strength of that organization has been greatly amplified during Abel E. Person's membership in the partnership.

Mr. Person, who has spent his life in the wood working trades, was born in Sweden October 8, 1879, and came to this country along in 1903. He was reared and educated and learned his trade in his native land. On locating at Duluth he followed cabinet making for six years, and then became a foreman in the factory of the Woodrufif Lumber Company, where he remained nine years. He left that to go into business for himself as a partner in the firm of Berglund, Peterson & Person.

Mr. Person is independent in casting his vote, is a member of the Modern Samaritans, Trinity Lodge of Masons and the Duluth Glee Club, being a man of musical tastes and accomplishments. December 19, 1908, he married Miss Anna Peterson, who came from Sweden three years after his immigration. Five children were born to their marriage, the three now living being Grace Wilhelmina, born in 1912. Dagner Charlotte, born in 1916, and Mary Jane, born in 1919.

Roland W. Esterly. Duluth is proud of its "One Big Store Only" for watches, diamonds and jewelry, at 410 West Superior street, a business that has been built up and developed by Roland W. Esterly, a man of expert knowledge in the jewelry trade and well and familiarly known throughout northern Minnesota.

Mr. Esterly was born at Minneapolis July 20, 1885, son of William and Emma (Hyers) Esterly. His father, now retired from business, is living at the age of eighty years. The early ancestry of the family came from Germany.

Roland W. Esterly is the youngest of twelve children, and acquired a public school education at Minneapolis. At the age of fourteen he was employed as clerk in a grocery store in that city, and later learned the decorating and paper hanging trade with C. H. Andrews, acquiring a proficiency that made him one of the recognized experts in the business in that city.

He left Minneapolis to come to Duluth and go to work in the jewelry business for his brother, E. Esterly. He became an expert salesman both outside and inside, and while the logging and lumbering industry was still in its high tide in northern Minnesota he visited all the important camps and sold watches to the laborers, thus developing an immense trade for his brother's establishment. For five years he traveled in this way all over Northern Wisconsin and Minnesota. Using his limited capital and his wide experTence, he then entered business for himself, and for a time operated two stores, but on March 19, 1918, consolidated the two stores into the "One Big Store Only" at 410 West Superior street. This store carries a complete line of watches, imported diamonds and high class jewelry and is also headquarters for many of the curios found at the Head of the Lakes.

Mr. Esterly has seen his business steadily increase, and in 1919 the aggregate volume was approximately sixty thousand dollars. He is a Republican, a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Duluth Boat Club, Automobile Club, and a number of other social organizations. Since coming to Duluth he has built two beautiful residences, his present home being a modern bungalow at 4731 Robinson street.

March 16, 1911, at Duluth, he married Miss Helen Sullivan, a woman of fine culture and education, educated in public and normal schools, and a successful teacher before her marriage. They have one son, George Wendell, born September 1, 1914.

Frederick C. Talboys was one of the pioneer merchants of the Range country, going there nearly thirty years ago. He had the distinction of establishing the first store at Chisholm and also the first at Eveleth. He is now actively identified with a business of great magnitude at Aurora, a complete department store, one of the largest and most liberally patronized in that section of the Range.

Mr. Talboys, who acquired a thorough mercantile training while a boy, was born at Osceola, Wisconsin, September 29, 1856, son of Wil- Ham A. and Mary Ann Talboys. His father was an Englishman, an early settler in Wisconsin, was in business as a merchant at Osceola and for many years served as county treasurer, taking an active part in Republican politics. From Wisconsin he moved his family to St. Paul and finally to Chisholm on the Range. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and a Mason, and died at the age of eighty-six, his wife being eighty-seven at her death. Their family consisted of three sons and one daughter. The daughter is Mrs. Adelaide Wood, who formerly lived at Chisholm and is now a resident of Bisbee, Arizona. The son W. E. Talboys, now deceased, was formerly an editor at Chisholm.

Frederick C. Talboys was reared at Osceola, acquired a grammar school education there, and later supplemented this with a business course at St. Paul. As a boy he gained familiarity with merchandising in his father's store at Osceola, and at the age of twentythree was proprietor of a country store. He sold this business in 1886 and for seven years was in the wood and coal business at St. Paul.

Leaving St. Paul, Mr. Talboys came to the Range in 1893. That was a panic year and he was then at the lowest ebb of his financial resources, being in debt some six or seven thousand dollars. Many years ago he was able to pay off his obligations, and his abilities have kept him moving ahead to higher stages of progress nearly every year. Mr. Talboys in his mercantile experience has conducted stores in Virginia, Chisholm, Eveleth. Sparta and part of the time two stores. In 1911 he bought the stock of goods of the Aurora Mercantile Company, and with George Schuhmehl as a partner has developed a large department store, carrying a complete line of household f^.irnishing goods, dry goods and clothing, meats and groceries, and everything to meet the demands of town and country trade.

In 1876 Mr. Talboys married Miss Henrietta Hanscomb. They have two sons and two daughters: .'\rthur \\'.. associated with his father in business; Henrv H., who is with the Ingersoll Rand Company in the zinc belt at Joplin. Missouri; Mrs. Edward Hatch and Mrs. E. J. Banks, both residents of Eveleth.

The Talboys family are Methodists, and Mr. Talboys has served as steward and trustee of the church. He holds membership in the Masonic fraternity at Duluth and in politics is a Republican. During his long residence in the Range country he has witnessed all the important changes and transformations, and as a citizen has lent his influence at every possible point for betterment and progress.

JoHX D. Lamont, a prominent and prosperous civil and mining engineer, and otherwise identified with the progressive movements of Virginia, has been on the Mesaba Range for about thirty years. He was born at Lake Linden, Michigan, February 22, 1870. His father, Neil Lamont, was a native of Scotland, immigrated to Canada in the early '60s, and there settled on a tract of land which he cleared and put into cultivation.

Neil Lamont married Hughina McPhail. who, as well as her husband, was born on the Island of Mull - made famous by Robert Louis Stevenson in "Kidnapped" - on the southeast coast of Scotland.

John D. Lamont lived at Lake Linden. ^Michigan, until he was about twenty-one years old. After he had graduated from the high school at that place he entered the Michigan State University at Ann Arbor and studied civil engineering for two years. At the close of his university course he came to Virginia and entered the offices of C. E. Bailey, a noted mining engineer of that period.

In 1903 Mr. Lamont became vice president of the Cole & McDonald Exploration Company, and has been connected with the same company ever since. This concern has drilled for practically every mining company that has been operating on the Range in all the intervening years. Mr. Lamont, apart from his mining activities, has been interested in many other projects of local import. For some six years he was a member of the Library Board and served on the board when the present library building was erected. When the city took over the water and light utilities, to be operated for the benefit of the citizens, he became a member of this board, on which he has served for eight vears and of which he is now the chairman, and under his guidance the utilities have developed to the advantage of the whole of the people. He also holds a seat on the Board of Directors of the American Exchange National Bank.

Mr. Lamont gives his political support to the Republican partv and is a stanch adherent of its policies and principles. He is a member of the Kiwanis Club and of the Masonic Order, in the affairs of both of which he takes a warm interest. In September. 1901, he was married to Mrs. Grace Wilcox. Mr. Lamont is regarded as an enlightened and trustworthy citizen of Virginia, and in all matters pertaining to the public welfare his advice is sought and freely given. During the W^orld war he was one of the most active supporters with time and money the government had in this part of the state.

Clyde Wetmore Kelly, architect, has been performing some of the capable work in his profession at Duluth and vicinity for the past fifteen years. He has designed many public buildings, and his work speaks for itself and fully justifies the high reputation he has won in his profession.

Mr. Kelly was born December 2, 1880, at Chicago. His father, Charles Herbert Kelly, soon afterward moved his family to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he died in 1884. The younger of two children, Clyde W. Kelly attended the public schools of St. Paul, and acquired his preliminary knowledge of architecture while in \\'ashington. District of Columbia, as a draftsman in the office of the supervising architect of the treasury department. While working there during the day he attended night courses in architecture at George Washington University. On leaving Washington he was employed for a year in the architectural department of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and in 1905 returned west, spending five months in Winnipeg and then coming to Duluth. Here for a year or so he was in the service of other architects, including John Wagenstine and the firm of German & Lignell. In 1907 he began practice for himself, and afterward was associated with Mr. Lignell, later with O. J. W^illiams, and since January, 1917, his partner has been Thomas J. Shefchik, under the name Kelly & Shefchik. To a large degree Mr. Kelly's work as an architect has been on public or semipublic structures. He and his firm have designed many schools and other public buildings. One of the most conspicuous of the large school buildings designed by the firm is the Morgan Park School.

Mr. Kelly has been a member of the Naval Militia for seventeen years and practically at the beginning of the World war, on April 7, 1918. was called to duty and was in service until December 16, 1919. During most of the war he had command of the U. S. S. Massachusetts. He holds a license as master of any gross tons steam vessel, upon the waters of any ocean.

Mr. Kelly is a member of the college fraternity Delta Tau Delta, is a 32 degree Mason and a member of Aad Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is also a member of the Elks, a charter member of the Rotary Club, belongs to the Duluth Commercial Club and is a member of the Board of Governors of Ridge View Golf Club. In politics he is a Republican.

Henry C. Doerr is one of the young bankers of the Range country, cashier of the First National Bank of Aurora. He entered banking as vacation work, finding in it opportunities for advancement and service that satisfied him to make a permanent career.

Mr. Doerr was born in Two Harbors, Minnesota, January 4, 1890, son of Henry C. and Dolena (McKay) Doerr, the former a native of Philadelphia and the latter of Canada. They were married in Marquette, Michigan. Henry C. Doerr, Sr., when a young man entered the service of the Duluth & Iron Range Railroad, has been continuously with that company for thirty-five years and is now general foreman of the air brake department. The parents are both active Presbyterians, the father is a Republican and a member of the Masonic Order. They have three living sons: Fred W., a student in the University of Minnesota; H. H., cashier of the First State Bank of Duluth; and Henry C.

Henry C. Doerr graduated from the Two Harbors High School in 1908. At that time he had his plans fully arranged to continue his education in the State University. Before the opening of the fall term he went to work in the Commerce State Bank of 'Vwo Harbors, and did so well that the officials induced him to remain. Four years later he became assistant cashier of the l-'irst State Bank of Two Harbors, and when the First National P)ank was organized at Aurora he went there as cashier, a post of duty that gives him exceptionally broad opjiortunities for banking service in that community.

October 1. 1914, Mr. Doerr married Gretchen Roth f us. daughter of C. T. Rothfus of Two Harbors. They have one daughter. Marjorie. Mr. Doerr is a Knight Templar ^'ork Rite Mason and Shriner and is now taking the Scottish Rite degrees. He is also affiliated with the IndejK'ndent Order of Odd Fellows and in politics is a Re])ublican.

Nels Anderson has legitimate claims to much of pioneer distinction in the mining regions of northern Michigan and northern Minnesota, and thus there is special satisfaction in according to him merited recognition in this publication. He has played a large and influential part in the civic and material development and progress of his home city of Virginia, has been in the most distinct sense the architect of his own fortunes, and is a strong and worthy citizen who commands unqualified popular respect and good will. He was born in Sweden March 17, 1860, a son of Andrew and Marie Anderson, who passed their entire lives in their native land. Their children were seven in number.

Nels Anderson attended the schools of his native place when opportunity made this possible, but he was only six years old at the time of his father's death, and at the age of twelve years began to provide his own support. He continued to be employed in the timber districts of Sweden until he had attained manhood, and shortly after reaching his legal majority, in 1882, he came to America. He soon made his way to the Marquette Range of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, where he found employment in the mines, besides which he was for a short period engaged in railroad work. In 1884 he became a pioneer in the mining region of St. Louis County. Minnesota, by establishing himself in the little village of Tower, which was then a somewhat obscure mining camp, with no railroad facilities, so that in proceeding to the town Mr. Anderson completed the final stage of his journey by walking, a distance of about thirty miles. He found employment as a driller in the mines, and continued his headquarters at Tower until 1892, when he removed to X'irginia. where he built and conducted the Tower Hotel, on the site of the present Ormonde Hotel. His hotel was destroyed twice, in the disastrous fires that virtually obliterated much of the town, but he met these reverses with courage, continued the business and became one of the valued men of the community. In 1897 he sold his hotel property. In the meanwhile he had become firmly impressed with the belief that \'irginia was destined to become a place of importance, and his confidence in its development and progress was such that he here made judicious investments in land in and near the town. From property thus acquired he has platted and developed three additions to the city of Virginia, and through his enterprise and well ordered activ'- ties has achieved substantial and worthy success. In the mineral range of northern Minnesota he is widely known, and such is his character and personality that it may consistently be said that his circle of friends is limited only by that of his acquaintances. He is a Republican in politics, is liberal and progressive as a citizen, and in his home city is affiliated with the lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and is also a member of the S. H. E. F. No. 28, of Virginia. In 1885 Mr. Anderson married Miss Christina Swanson. who likewise was born in Sweden and who came to the United States in 1883.

Northern Drug Company. While not one of Duluth's oldest concerns, the Northern Drug Company has done much to broaden the prestige of the Zenith City as a distributing center, and is now easily one of the largest drug houses in northern Minnesota.

The company was organized and incorporated under the laws of Minnesota December 15. 1913. The first officials were R. M. Sellwood, LaRue S. Mershon and G. G. Hartley. While there have been some exceptional circumstances and many adversities to contend with, the company has steadily grown. Being close to navigation and railroads, it has certain natural advantages permitting high class service, and even with labor shortage and other difficulties has taken much pride in maintaining a record for filling orders the same day as received. The business is at 14-16 Commerce street, with twenty thousand square feet of floor space in an eight-story building. At the present time seven traveling represeritatives of the house cover the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin and North Dakota.

G. H. Carson, treasurer and manager of the Northern Drug Company, was born at Des Moines, Iowa, January 8, 1877, and during his early life acquired a broadly diversified training and experience in the packing business, wholesale grocery and wholesale baking business at St. Paul. He came to Duluth in 1909, and has had active charge of the Northern Drug Company from the time of its organization.

Alexander Anderson is a Scotchman by birth but for thirty years has been an important factor in the building and contracting business at Duluth, and is one of this city's best known business men and most loyal boosters.

Mr. Anderson was born in Scotland January 21, 1865, and was reared and educated in his native country. He came to America alone and first located at St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1887. As a carpenter he was employed at his trade there, also for a brief time at Duluth, then again at St. Paul, and in 1890 returned to make Duluth his permanent home. In 1892 he formed a copartnership with Alexander Gow under the name Anderson & Gow. This firm during the past quarter of a century has handled many of the largest contracts for the building of fine residences. Any number of handsome homes in the East End residential section might be pointed out as examples of their work. They have also built a number of apartment houses and office buildings, and have made a specialty of interior finish for many large office buildings. With a leading part in a business that has of itself been a factor in Duluth's expansion and growth. Mr. Anderson has taken much pride in the marvelous advance of Duluth as a city and commercial center.

For many years he has been active in the Duluth Builders Exchange, and has been associated with a number of local enterprises. He is a member of the Commercial Club, has taken all the Scottish Rite degrees in Masonry, is a member of the Mystic Shrine, the Elks, and Modern Samaritans, and has long been prominent in the Clan Stewart of the Scottish Clans. For the past thirty years he has been a prominent member of the Pilgrim Congregational Church, and has served as a trustee for ten years.

On March 11, 1890, he married Miss Anna McGillvray. a Scotch lassie. Three sons and one daughter were born to their marriage, and two of the three sons have taken an active interest in their father's work as a carpenter and contractor. Alexander, born in 1892. returned in 1919 from France, where he served as an American soldier. George, born in 1895. is a carpenter foreman in Baltimore. He was in the World war. attaining the rank of sergeant. James, the youngest son. born in 1900. was in training at the Minnesota L'niversity. lie has taken up the insurance business.

1'. .\. PfiixxEV. In the ranks of the younger generation of business men of West Duluth one who has made rapid strides since his entrance upon the business arena is F. A. Phinney, of the Western Motor Company. Mr. Phinncy's career was started early, and in its development he has invaded a number of fields of activity, all of which have contributed to his general knowledge and ability as applied to his present line of endeavor. He is a native of Stillwater, Minnesota, born June 7, 1889, a son of A. W. Phinney, now residing on a farm in the state of Washington.

Mr. Phinney, a member of a family in which there were four daughters and one son, was educated in the public schools of Stillwater and western Canada, and when he was only ten years old was working on a ranch. For a time some years later he was employed in sawmills, and while thus engaged worked also in the electrical business as a wireman. Coming to Duluth in 1913, he secured employment with the steel plant and later served in the lighting department at Morgan Park under Earl Bradley for two years. At the end of that time he worked for F. L. Kriedler and later Messrs. Kriedler and Phinney formed a partnership under the name of the Western Motor Company. This concern is engaged in automobile repairing and welding, and maintains an automobile livery and a large garage, as well as a live and dead storage, and handles automobile accessories, the plant being located at 529-531 North Central avenue. West. The company is the distributor for Moon motor cars and the Studebaker car. The large garage covers a floor space of 60 by 125 feet, and a welding department and battery service are maintained. Mr. Phinney bought the interest of his partner, thereby becoming sole owner of the business. He is a Mason, also a Knight of Pythias and an Odd Fellow and a member of the West Duluth Commercial Club, the Duluth Automobile Club and the Royal League, and, having descended on the paternal side from Scotch ancestors, maintains membership in the Scottish Clans.

On February 20, 1912, Mr. Phinney was married at Duluth to Miss Loretta Mack, and to this union there have been born two children : Frances Wright and Beatrice Ann. To his superior trade qualifications Mr. Phinney adds the advantages of keen intelligence, broad and general information and a personality pleasing, adaptive and confidence-inspiring. He has many friends and a promising future.

William J. Archer, senior member of the representative law firm of Archer & Pickering, of Virginia, has been established in active practice in this thriving little city of the Mesaba Iron Range since the year 1910, and the scope and importance of his professional business bears evidence alike of his ability and his secure place in popular confidence and esteem.

Mr. Archer was born on a farm in Clay County, Iowa, June 12, 1884, and is a son of Richard J. and Jennie J. (Ewing) Archer, who now inaintain their residence at Mt. Pleasant, Michigan. William J. Archer was an infant at the time of his parents' removal from the Hawkeye state to Texas, where his father engaged in farm enterprise. The Lone Star commonwealth afforded Mr. Archer his early education, and there he continued his studies in the public schools until his graduation in the high school at Henrietta. In the pursuance of a higher academic education he entered Cornell College at Mount Vernon, Iowa, and in this institution he completed the scientific course and was graduated as a member of the class of 1904. After thus receiving his degree of Bachelor of Science he was for one year a teacher in the public schools at Lake City, Minnesota, and later continued his effective pedagogic service in the public .schools of Superior, Wisconsin. In harmony with his well defined ambition he finally entered the law department of the University of Minnesota, where he continued his studies until his graduation as a member of the class of 1910, his reception of the degree of Bachelor of Laws having been virtuallv coincident with his admission to the Minnesota bar. Soon after his graduation Mr. Archer came to St. Louis County, where he has since continued in active general practice at Virginia and where he has won secure status as a resourceful trial lawyer and well fortified counsellor. The firm of which he is senior member controls a substantial and representative law business in the Mesaba Range region.

Mr. Archer is a vigorous and loyal advocate of the principles of the Republican party; he and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian Church, and he is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, besides which he is an active and valued member of the Rotary Club in his home city and is the president for the year 1921.

Edward Ala has been a resident of the city of Virginia since 1911, in which year he here engaged in the furniture and undertaking business on a modest scale, and the estimate placed upon the man and the service of his establishment is shown in the broad scope and importance of his business at the present time, as well as in the modern equipment and general standards of his place of business, which is not excelled by any establishment of the kind in the city. He has been in the most significant sense the architect of his own fortunes, and in a worthy way has won worthy success, the while he has commanded unqualified popular confidence and good will.

Mr. Ala was born in h^inland, October 10, 1882, and is a son of Edward and Sophia (Longen) Ala, he being their only child. In 1883 Edward Ala, Sr., came alone to the United States and found employment in the mines at Hancock, Michigan, where he still maintains his residence. Edward Ala, Jr., was reared in his native land to the age af fourteen years and received the advantages of the common schools of the old home community. Shortly prior to his fourteenth birthday anniversary he decided to emulate the example of his father and seek a home in the United States. He accordingly crossed the Atlantic and made his way to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, where his first employment was as a drill boy in connection with mining operations at Calumet. For nine and one-half years thereafter he was employed in the furniture and undertaking establishment of Mullen Brothers at Ironwood, Michigan, and in this connection gained a thorough knowledge of all details of these lines of enterprise. I'hus he was well fortified in experience when, in 1911, he came to Virginia, Minnesota, and engaged in the same business on a small scale. Ry close application, etTectivc service and honorable dealings he has built up a substantial and prosperous business and has secure status as one of the representative business men of this vigorous little city, where his circle of friends is coincident with that of his acquaintances. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States as soon as his age and the recjuired provisions made this ]wssible, and his loyalty to the land ot his adoption is unecjuivocal. heightened bv his a])preciation of the advantages which have here enabled him to gain independence and definite ])rosperity. He has worked hard to achieve worthy success, and has merited the prosperity which is his. In the year 1903 Mr. .Ma wi'ddcd Miss .^elma .Xndersoti. and thev have one son. Harry.

Harry A. Hall is identified with the constructive and productive side of Duluth's business affairs, and for many years has been in the painting and decorating business, both as a journeyman and as a contractor, and is head of a complete and high class establishment of that kind.

He was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, April 25, 1867. His father, J. W. Hall, is still living at the age of eighty-five, a resident of Portland, Oregon. During the Civil war he enlisted in the Fifteenth Pennsylvania Infantry and saw an active and arduous service throughout that struggle until it closed in victory. He was with his regiment in the thickest of the fighting at Antietam and also in many other engagements. Following the war he returned home, but his later years have been spent on the Pacific Coast.

Oldest of four sons, three of whom are living. Harry A. Hall acquired his early education in the public schools of Williamsport, Pennsylvania, and at the early age of sixteen began learning the decorating trade. He followed that business for several years in Pennsylvania, and then came to Duluth, where he continued his work as a journeyman until 1899, when he set up in business for himself, taking contracts and gradually building up an establishment which now represents one of the leading paint and varnish and wallpaper stores in the city, at 322 East Superior street. Mr. Hall and his service have been in demand for decorating many of the finer residences of the city.

He is a past master of Ionic Lodge No. 186 of the Masonic Order, is a member of the Rotary Club and the Commercial Club, votes as a Republican and belongs to the First Methodist Episcopal Church. August 11, 1890, he married Miss Olive M. Stoner, of Williamsport, Pennsylvania, where she was reared and educated. They have four living children : Ellen, Louise, Catherine and Ralph.

Capt. Thomas Wivell is a practical mining man with a scope of experience that extends from northern Michigan to California. He has been captain in charge of the Meadow Mine at Aurora since 1916.

He was born at Ishpeming, Michigan, April 8, 1885, son of Capt. William and Millesena (McDowell) Wivell. ,the former a native of Devonshire, England, and the latter of Canada. Capt. William Wivell, who was born in 1849, was brought in 1855 to the United States by his parents, who settled in Hancock County, Michigan. He grew up in a district where mining was the predominant industry, became a miner, and for many years was a mining captain and employed in other capacities. In 1905 he moved with his family to the Range district of northern Minnesota and was connected with the Crosby Mine at Nashwauk. He died at Nashwauk in February, 1914, and his widow is still living there. While at Nashwauk he was honored with the office of village trustee and village treasurer. Of the ten children of Capt. William Wivell and wife there are eight sons, and all now old enough, have identified themselves with the mining industry and vocation.

Thomas Wivell attended school at Ishpeming, Michigan, and also at Coulterville. California. The family lived in California from 1897 to 1903, Capt. William Wivell being a gold miner there. Thomas Wivell also had some experience in the gold mines of California, was a mine worker in Michigan, but most of his work has been done in the Range country. He was promoted to the responsibilities of shift boss in 1912 and in 1916 was given charge of the Meadow Mine.

Duluth And St. Louis County 831

the Masonic Lodge at Biwabik and with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Gwinn, Michigan, and in politics casts his vote independently.

Gordon Brooks has been one of the live and enterprising business men of Duluth for the past ten years, and as president of the American Lumber and Construction Company has directed his organization in a public spirited way toward solving some of the problems of housing construction in the city.

Mr. Brooks was born in 188^, one of a family of five children, and grew up and received his early education in Duluth. He was one of the first pupils enrolled in the Irving High School. On leaving school he engaged in business in 1909, and his experience and capabilities have been chiefly in the field of contracting and as a dealer in builders' supplies. The American Lumber and Construction Company, which was incorporated in 1916 and of which he is president, handles all classes of building materials, and also has the facilities and the organization for the erection and sale of homes on the easy payment plan. During the past three years this company has erected between forty and fifty houses, a very important addition to Duluth's building program.

Mr. Brooks is affiliated with Euclid Lodge No. 198. Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, is a Scottish Rite Mason, member of Royal League No. 255, the Modern Samaritans, and politically supports the Republican party. In 1908 he married Miss Elizabeth Siddall, who was reared and educated in Canada, being a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Siddall. Her father was a captain on the Great Lakes for forty years and is widely known in Great Lakes transportation circles. Mr. and Mrs. Brooks have four children: Fein, born in 1910; Dorothy, born in 1912; Wendell, born in 1914; and Violet, born in 1918. The three older children are all pupils in the Duluth public schools.

William M. Empie, M. D., has found in St. Louis County, Minnesota, an excellent field for successful professional activity and service, and is engaged in active general practice at Virginia, where he not only has precedence as one of the representative physicians and surgeons of the county but also has the distinction of being mayor of the city at the time of this writing.

Doctor Empie was born on a .farm near the city of Dwight, Illinois, on the 21st day of January, 1888, and is a son of William A. and Winnie (Allison) Empie. the former of whom was born in Grundy County, Illinois, in 1864, and the latter in Ohio in 1866. The parents still maintain their residence on their homestead farm near Dwight, Illinois, and Doctor Empie of this review is the elder of their two children. In the public schools of his native county he pursued his studies until his graduation in the Dwight High School in 1907. He then entered the medical school of Northwestern University, this department of the university being established in the city of Chicago. He was graduated as a member of the class of 1911, and after thus receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine he was favored in being able to gain most varied and valuable clinical experience through two years of service as interne in the celebrated Michael Reese Hospital in the city of Chicago. He then assumed charge of the practice of a i)hysician at Ishpeming, Michigan, while that physician was sojourning in Europe. In 1914 Doctor Enii)ie came to Evelcth, Minnesota, where he was associated with the Moore Hospital until June 6tli of that year, when he estai)lished himself in active general i)nictice at Virginia, which has since continued the central stage of his earnest and successful professional work save for the period of his loyal service as a member of the Medical Corps of the United States Army in the period of the W^orld war. He was enrolled as a member of the medical corps on the 18th of October, 1918, was assigned to duty at Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia, with the rank of first lieutenant, and there he remained until December 24, 1918. when he received his honorable discharge. From 1914 to 1918 Doctor Empie served on the staflf of the Lemont Hospital at Virginia, and he has been official physician to the public schools of this city since 1917. He holds membership in the American Medical Association, the Minnesota State Medical Society and the Range Medical Society, besides being affiliated with the Phi Alpha Sigma medical-college fraternity. The doctor's personal popularity in his home community needs no further voucher than the statement that when elected mayor of Virginia in 1920 he received the largest majority ever given to a candidate for this office in this thriving and vigorous municipality. He is affiliated with the Knights of the IMaccabees, the Modern \\'oodmen, the Loyal Order of Moose, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the American Legion.

October 5, 1914, recorded the marriage of Doctor Empie to Miss Lucy Sterne, of Ishpeming. Michigan, she having been born at Humboldt, that state. Doctor and jMrs. Empie have a fine little son. Robert J.

John Grandy. Either as a journeyman carpenter or as a general contractor and builder. John Grandy has been in close touch with the building situation at Duluth for nearly forty years. Much of the expert skill required for the building program of the city has been supplied by him, and he is one of the oldest contractors in the city and has always taken justifiable pride in the realibility of his performance of all obligations assumed by him.

Mr. Grandy was born in Norway. June 3. 1855, and as a young man acquired a common school education and served a thorough apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade. He came alone to America in 1881. and located at Duluth. where he was employed as a journeyman carpenter for about nine years. Since 1889 he has been taking general contracts for building work, and his name as a contractor has been identified with the lists of independent business men for thirty years. During that time he has handled contracts for many important buildings. Some of the schools he has put up are the Irving, Jackson, and Cleveland, and his organization built the McKay Hotel, the Frederick Hotel, the Clarendon Hotel, the Astoria Apartment Hotel, the Metropolitan Hotel, besides a large number of the finer residences of the city. He was contractor for a portion of the First National Bank. Mr. Grandy is a stockholder in the First National Bank and the Northern National Bank, and a stockholder and director in the Minnesota National Bank.

He is a member of the Norwegian Lutheran Church and of the Sons of Norway and a Republican in politics. At Duluth thirty-two years ago he married Miss Louisa Johnson. Six children were born to their marriage, and the three now living are Carl J., born in 1889 ; Frederick W., born in 1894; and Walter Leo, born in 1899.

George W. Welles. Of the men whose collective energies and enterprise have built up the fortunes of Duluth as a great market and distributing center of the northwest an important place must be assigned to George W. Welles, a resident of the city for nearly thirty years and with progressive responsibilities in some of the city's largest mercantile establishments.

Duluth And St. Louis County 833

Mr. Welles was born in Michigan and came to Diiluth in April, 1892. His first business service here was as auditor in the old Chapin-Welles Company, now the Marshall-Welles Company. In 1895 he and associates bought the old J. J. Costello Hardware Company, which in June, 1896, became the Kelley Hardware Company and is now the Kelley Duluth Company. In 1902 the Kelley-How-Thomson Company was organized, Mr. \\^elles participating in that organization, and he is now secretary and manager of this corporation, one of the largest wholesale houses in the northwest.

Mr. Welles was born at Hortonville, Michigan, July 17, 1872, and had a public school education, coming to Duluth shortly before his twentieth birthday. He is a son of Nelson and Achsah (Graves) Welles, the former a native of New York and the latter of Connecticut. George W. Welles was left an orphan at the age of five, and from that time until he was seventeen lived with his mother's sister. Mrs. Edward Sleeger. His 0])portimities have been largely of his own making, and good natural abilities, combined with continuous hard work, have been responsible for the gratifying measure of success he has achieved.

Through many years Mr. Welles has had a part in the civic development of modern Duluth. He is a member of a number of local clubs and organizations and is a Republican in politics. During the World war he was chief of metals and heavy hardware procurement. Branch No. 1, General Supplies Division of the Purchase, Storage and Traffic Department of the \\'ar Department. As an expert in his line he rendered valuable service in this work from June, 1918, until February, 1919.

September 4, 1901, Mr. W'elles married Jane M. McLennan, a native of Duluth, where her i)arents, W. L. and Julia (McLeod) McLennan, were pioneers. The two sons of Mr. and Mrs. Welles are George W., Jr., and Donald R.

John Costin. The name of John Costin recpiires but little introduction to the people of Virginia, where he has been residing for about twenty-eight years, and throughout that ])eriod has been prominently identified with the industrial development of the city and surrounding district. He is the largest stockholder of the Chandler Mining Company. Virginia, the Chandler Mine being located at Ely.

Air. Costin was born at Hancock, Michigan, December 25, 1866. His parents, John and Catherine (Ronan) Costin, were natives of Ireland and each came to the United States in early childhood, grew up in this country and here married. The father was an iron ore miner and was one of the early miners on the Marquette, Menominee, Gogebic and other ranges in Michigan, and in this occuj)ation he spent all his active life. Mrs. Costin died about 1874, and her husband survived her for manv years, his death taking place in 1918, he having then reached a good round age.

Some time after the death of his mother John Costin, the subject of this sketch, began working on his own account. He completed his school course at the Northern Indiana Normal School. Vali)araiso, Indiana, from which he emerged well ecpiipped with all the recpiirements of a first-class training. In January. 1893, Mr. Costin moved to \'irginia ami established himself in the fire insurance and real estate business, finally building up a splendid connection along that line, and here he has been residing ever since. In 1897-98, along with his insurance business, he began exploring for iron ore, and gradually this enterprise began to absorb the greater part of his attention. During this period, in conjunction with others, he discovered the Holman Mine near Colerain ; the Hobert Mine near Gilbert, and other smaller properties. In November, 1909, he took an option for lease on the Chandler Mine at Ely, which had been abandoned by the original operators, and after an exploration he secured a mining lease in 1910, and has since been operating it as the Chandler Mining Company, success attending his efforts from the very beginning.

September 10. 1901, Mr. Costin was married to Miss Delia Austin, a native of Minnesota and a teacher in the Virginia schools. They have become the parents of three children : Corynne, Virginia and John Hart. Early in his career in Virginia Mr. Costin took a keen interest in local development and in local politics. He served as city assessor and later as city clerk, bringing intelligence and ability to bear on the duties of these offices. He takes an active part in Masonic affairs ; is a member of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, a Knight Templar, a York Rite Mason, and a member of the Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. Mr. and Mrs. Costin are prominent in the social life of Virginia, where their friends are numerous, and where they give their support to all projects calculated to advance the public welfare.

LuDwiG A. Larsen. The examples such men as Ludwig A. Larsen furnish of patient purpose and steadfast integrity, illustrate what is in the power of each to accomplish, and there is always a full measure of satisfaction in adverting in even a casual way to their achievements in advancing the interests of their fellow men and in giving strength and solidity to the institutions which make so much for the prosperity of the community, for all will agree it is the progressive, broad-minded, alert, wide-awake men of affairs who make the real history of a community, and Mr. Larsen's influence as a potential factor of the body politic is difficult to estimate.

Ludwig A. Larsen was born August 11, 1868, at Gaarden Tarud, Skedsmoe, Norway, the son of Julius Larsen and Bertha Tarud born near Kristiania. He was reared to the age of nineteen in his native land, receiving his education in the schools of his home community. On April 24, 1887, he came alone to the United States, locating first at Castle Rock, Minnesota, where he was employed for four summers on farms, attending public school in winter. In 1890 and 1891 he attended the State Normal School at Mankato. and in the latter year he came to Duluth and engaged in bookkeeping and as assistant to the manager of the Minneapolis Stockyards and Packing Company, with whom he remained about three years. He next entered the law office of Draper, Davis & Hollister at Duluth as bookkeeper and cashier, and read law with them for upwards of three years. During the following year he took a much-needed rest on a homestead and then entered the University of Minnesota, where he remained during 1897-8, covering all legal studies excepting the criminal branch of law. He then followed a wholesale business in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan for a time, but later returned to Duluth and engaged in the real estate, investment and mortgage loan business, his offices being located in the Providence Building. His business has gradually and steadily increased in volume and importance, giving him connections with some of the largest corporations and individuals in the United States controlling and owning real estate in Duluth and the northwest. The early organization was under the name of L. A. Larsen & Company, and as the business grew, in 1906 a Minnesota corporation was formed under the name of L. A. Larsen Company, which has remained practically a close corporation.

On January 1, 1900, at Pine Island, Minnesota, Mr. Larsen was married to Lillian Augusta Miller, the daughter of Charles R. and Caroline Buck Miller, natives of the state of New York, though of Swiss ancestry.

Duluth And St. Louis County 835

She was reared near Pine Island, Minnesota, where her parents were early settlers of Goodhue County. Her education was completed at the Winona Normal School, and she was engaged in teaching up to the time of her marriage. To Mr. and Mrs. Larsen have been born two children, Raymond Miller and Mary Elizabeth.

Politically Mr. Larsen is a Republican, though with some Democratic tendencies. Fraternally he is a Knight Templar and Shrine Mason, a member of the Modern Samaritans, the ^Modern Woodmen of America, and the American Fraternity ; he is a charter member of the Duluth Commercial Club and the Duluth Real Estate Exchange and National Building Managers' and Owners' Association, and a member of the Duluth Young Men's Christian Association and local organizations. Mr. Larsen enjoys a large acquaintance among the people. Being public spirited and identified with the common interests in various capacities and by proving himself competent and trustworthy, he has become one of the leading citizens of his community and enjoys to a notable degree the good will and esteem of all who know him. The family are all members of the First Methodist Episcopal Church.

Anton Nelson. While grain, lumber and iron are considered the three primary features of Duluth's industries, there are other enterprises that serve to broaden and diversify the industrial program, and one of the most important of these is the Nelson Knitting Mills Company, a manufacturing organization that has had a prosperous existence of many years and manufactures a line of knitted goods that are sold and distributed all over the northwestern country.

This business for many years was known as Nelson Brothers Knitting Mills. The two brothers associated in the business from the beginning were Anton and N. Edward Nelson. Anton Nelson, who was born September 16, 1865, came to America with his brother in 1892. and in that year they established their business at St. Paul, Minnesota, under the firm name of Nelson Brothers. A year later they moved their modest plant to Northfield, Minnesota, and were in business there until 1898.

The Nelson Brothers came to Duluth the first of April. 1898. and their business has enjoyed a constant growth here for over twenty years. Their first location was at 1804 West Superior street, whence they removed in 1902 to 2101-03 West Superior, and in 1911 to their present extensive and well equipped factory at 2105-07 West Superior street.

The original title of Nelson Brothers Knitting Mills was contintied until December, 1914, when the business was incorporated as the Nelson Knitting Mills Company. The company has facilities for the manufacture of a great variety of knitted goods, and its equipment is specially designed for the manufacture of sweaters, underwear and hosiery. .Vn ample force of salesmen place the full output of the factory with retail merchants all the way from Michigan to the Pacific Coast. The products arc appreciated at home as well, and a large local trade has grown up in Duluth.

Mr. Nelson is one of Duluth's most public spirited citizens and business men. He is a member of the Danish Brotherhood of .\mcrica and the Norwegian Lutheran Church. On March 27. 18^3. at Northfield, Minnesota, he married Miss .Amia Thorsen. a daughter of Hans Thorsen, who came from Denmark. Of the seven children born to Mr. aiul Mrs. Nelson six are still hying, named Mathilda, l^dw.ufi K.. I'^inar. Henry, Roy A. and Helen. Mathilda was educated in the ]>ublic schools of Duluth and the Stout Institute at Menomonie. Wisconsin, and is now a teacher in the Middle River Consolidated School at Jackson. Minnesota. Edward K. also attended the ])ublic schools of Duluth. was in the I'. C. T.

four months and is now a student in the University of Minnesota. Einar is now in his third year at the Denfield High School, while Henry is a freshman in the same high school. Roy A. and Helen are both students in the Duluth grammar schools.

Leonard McNamara. The name Leonard McNamara has won important significance among automobile owners in the Duluth district, its association being with Studebaker cars. He is the man who has done most to develop a business for the Studebaker corporation in northern Minnesota, and most of the Studebaker cars over this territory were bought from Mr. McNamara at the Duluth agency at 318 East Superior street.

Mr. McNamara came to Duluth in 1894. For a number of years he was a fireman and engineer on lake vessels, beginning with the B. B. Inman Company, and later continued with other lines of lake steamships. He was held in high regard as a marine engineer, and continued that vocation until 1910, when he resigned to become a Studebaker representative. His first office and salesroom was at 918 East Superior street. He has developed a business from an average of six cars per month to an annual distribution of two hundred cars in the Duluth district. Mr. McNamara is one of the most highly esteemed automobile men in northern Minnesota. He is affiliated with the Elks lodge of Duluth.

George L Williams, another of the prominent and progressive citizens of Virginia, at present postmaster of the city and otherwise identified with its commercial life, is a native of England, born in Corwall. that country, March 4. 1879. When he was eight years old he accompanied his parents, George W. and Elizabeth (Irwin) Williams, to the United States, and on arrival in this countr}' the family went on to Ishpeming, Michigan. The father had been a farmer in the old country, but on settling in Michigan he found employment in the iron mines of the Marquette Range.

George I. Williams was educated in the public schools of Ishpeming and there grew to manhood. When he was fourteen years old he began working in the Lake Angeline Mine - first as a skip tender and later as a miner. It was during this period he became warmly interested in athletic sports, in which for several years he was a prominent figure. The Sons of St. George, an organization composed of Englishmen in ^Michigan, held regular athletic meetings. It was while competing at these events that Mr. Williams attained wide renown as a bicycle rider and woh many hardfought contests over his competitors. He rode a mile bicycle race in 2:15, and covered five miles in 12:20, up to that period establishing a world's record for the distances named.

In 1901 the parents of j\Ir. Williams moved to Jackson. Mississippi, and in June of the following year he went to Hibbing. Minnesota, where he became supply clerk at the Utica Mine of the Crete Mining Company, and some time later he took over the duties of bookkeeper at the Albany Mine for the same company, Mr. William H. Downing being superintendent of the mine at that period. On May 7, 1903, Mr. Williams was married to Miss Lillian Downing, a daughter of the superintendent just named, and December 1, 1906. he moved to Virginia, w'here he assumed the duties of chief clerk and cashier for the New York State Steel Company. He remained in this position until 1909. when he became superintendent of the corporation, which covered the Kellogg. Knox, Larkin and Roberts Mines, and Virginia has ever since been his home city.

In May, 1913, Mr. Williams embarked in the real estate and insurance business in Virginia, on his own responsibility, and in 1914 the Williams

Duluth And St. Louis County 837

Addition to Virgina was inaugurated. In 1917 he organized the Atlas Alining Company to operate the Roberts Mine at McKinley, which had been abandoned, and of this undertaking he was secretary-treasurer and superintendent. Along all these lines, as well as in his former activities, he was successful to a degree.

In April, 1918, there was organized at Virginia what was known as "War Headquarters." which was the center of gravity for Liberty Loans, War Savings Stamps, and other war activities, and of which Mr. Williams served as secretary. In conjunction with Mr. Edward C. A. Johnson, he helped organize the United States Defense League in the various range communities, and also acted as secretary of the different Liberty Loan committees, also serving as a member of the fuel committee of St. Louis County. Few residents on the range devoted more time freely in the directions mentioned than did Mr. Williams.

On January 1, 1919, he became postmaster of Virginia by appointment of President Wilson, and has since been filling that position with fidelity and efficiency. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has for years been a singer in the church choir. He is a member of the Masonic Order, affiliated with Virginia Lodge No. 264, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons : Virginia Chapter No. 77 , Royal Arch Masons, of which he is past high priest, and is an officer of the Commandery, Knights Templar. Mr. and Mrs. Williams are the parents of two daughters, Muriel Crete and Dorothy Gertrude, and he and his wife take a prominent part in the social and cultural activities of the city of their adoption, where they have numerous and warm friends.

James W. Cargill, president and treasurer of the Cargill-Guibord Motor Company, distributors of the Marmon, Hudson and Essex cars in Duluth and adjacent territory, has a wide acquaintance and experience in Duluth commercial affairs, and for many years was a trav^ing representative of Duluth's great wholesale hardware house, the Kelley-How- Thomson Company.

Mr. Cargill was born at Wingham, Ontario. Canada, August 19, 1878. His father was born in the north of Ireland and his mother in Scotland. His father died in Canada in 1894, and the following year, when James W. was seventeen years of age, he came to Duluth with his mother and sisters. .'Mready at the age of twelve he had begun gaining experience and earning wages as a sawmill worker in Canada. During subsequent years in addition to a common school education he acfiuired a knowledge of the cabinet-making trade. Soon after he came to Duluth he entered the service of the Kelley Hardware Company, driving one of their delivery teams. After a year and a half he was transferred to the sheds, handling the iron for shipment, and a year and a half after that was put in the order (le])artment as shij^ping clerk, where he remained three years. Mr. Cargill first went on the road as a traveling salesman for the Glaskin Comstock Mill and Mining Company, hut after two years .joined the Kelley-I fow-Thomson iiardware COmjiany as traveling salesman, and helped cover the immense territory of this nuluth firm for thirteen years.

On leaving the road Mr. Cargill entered the automobile business, at first under his own name, but after a year as the Cargill Motor Car Company to handle the famous Marmon car manufactured at Indianapolis. In 1921 a i)artnershii) was formed with I'. 11. (luibord. The company is located at 316 ICast ."superior street and in comiectidn with the salesrooms a complete service system is maintained for the .Marmon. Hudson and Essex cars.

Mr. Cargill is a member of the Masonic Order, being a Scottish Rite Mason and Shriner, belongs to the United Commercial Travelers, and is a Republican in politics. He is a member of the Rotary Club, the Commercial Club, the Ridgewood Golf Club and the Auto Club. He also belongs to the Duluth Boat Club and was one of the club's famous oarsmen.

On June 23, 1910, at Superior, Wisconsin, he married Miss C. R. LeBlanc, daughter of Captain LeBlanc. She was educated in the public schools and in the Grand Rapids Kindergarten Institute and for five years before her marriage was a kindergarten. teacher in the schools of Superior. They have one son, James W. Cargill, Jr., born June 10, 1916.

Thomas Gill. There have been no reservations in the loyalty and completeness with which Mr. Gill has identified himself with the business and civic life of the vigorous little city of X'irginia, and here he has developed a prosperous and representative general insurance business as secretary and manager of the McDonald-Gill Insurance Agency, which is the local representative for a goodly number of fire, life, accident and other insurance companies of the highest standard.

Mr. Gill was born on a pioneer farm near the city of Yankton. South Dakota, and the date of his nativity was March 26, 1875. He is a son of Michael S. and Sabina (Shields) Gill, both of whom were born in Wisconsin, within twenty miles of the city of Milwaukee, their respective parents having been pioneer settlers in the Badger state. There Andrew Gill and James Shields, grandfathers of the subject of this review, settled upon immigration to America from their native Ireland, and became sterling founders of families that now have numerous representatives in the United States. Both of these ancestors became pioneer farmers in Milwaukee County, \\'isconsin. and there they passed the remainder of their lives.

After his marriage Michael S. Gill continued his residence in Wisconsin until about 1870. when he and his wife became pioneer settlers in what is now the state of South Dakota, where he and one of his brothers took up homesteads and instituted the development of productive farms. He perfected his title to his land and there continued his activities as an agriculturist for a period of seven years, when, accompanied bv his wife and their two children who had been born within this period, returned to Wisconsin and established their home at Chippewa Falls, where Mr. Gill became actively identified with lumbering operations, at the time when this industry was one of major importance in that section of the state. Later he turned his attention to farm enterprise in that vicinity, and he and his wife are now venerable and highly esteemed citizens of Chippewa Falls, both being earnest communicants of the Catholic Church. C)f their seven children six are living.

In the public schools of Chippewa Falls Thomas Gill continued his studies until his graduation in the high school as a member of the class of 1894. Thereafter he continued his studies in the \\'isconsin State Normal School at Superior, and in the meantime gave intermittent and effective service as a teacher in the public schools. In 1901 he came to Yirginia, Minnesota, and took a position in the insurance offices of Campbell & Robb. After the business passed into the hands of D. B. McDonald he continued his association with the latter until 1907, when he became allied with Mr. McDonald in the incorporation of the McDonald- Gill Insurance Agency, of which he has since been secretary and general manager. This agency, known for its reliability and eft'ective service, has developed a large and substantial business, and Mr. Gill is known as one of the representative insurance men in this section of the state.

Duluth And St. Louis County 839

His political allegiance is given to the Republican party, he is a communicant of the Catholic Church, is a valued member of the Kiwanis Club of Virginia, and is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.

On October 15, 1909, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Gill to Miss Anna Hansen, who was born in the city of Minneapolis, of Norwegian ancestry. They have no children.

Walter Bacon Brown. It is by no means unusual to discover in the newspaper profession a man of enlightened understanding, vigorous policy and sound judgment, but not always, in addition, may be found such a wealth of personal experience to draw upon as belongs to Walter Bacon Brown, owner and able editor of the Tribune-Herald of Chisholm, Minnesota, of which city he is a foremost citizen. The story of an ambitious, adventurous youth who had the courage to take his own life in his hands far from home protection, and with determination pursue unusual paths is of absorbing interest and offers, perhaps, one explanation of Mr. Brown's thorough knowledge of public questions, his broad and liberal views on many matters, and his deep sympathies in relation to conditions that the public, in a general way, cannot so fully understand.

Walter Bacon Brown was born October 29, 1886, at Duluth, Minnesota. His parents were Charles C. and Bertha L. (Hall) Brown. Charles C. Brown was of English parentage and was born at sea. under the American flag, in 1853. He became one of the best known newspaper men in Minnesota, served on the staffs of the Duluth Herald and Tribune for many years and was the founder of the Independent Press Bureau in Duluth. His death occurred in 1899. In 1885 he married Bertha L. Hall, who was born in 1867, at Stillwater, Minnesota, a member of an old New England family. They had but one child, Walter Bacon Brown. In 1900 Mrs. Brown was married to Charles J. Jacobs, who was secretary and western manager of the Knickerbocker Silver Company.

As a schoolboy Mr. Brown passed through the first seven grades in the Jackson School, Duluth, completed the eighth grade at Stillwater, in which city he attended the high school for one year, and then entered St. Viator's College at Bourbonnais, Illinois. A year of confinement as office boy for his step-father, and another year with the Benjamin Allen Company, wholesale jewelers, Chicago, followed, but this line of work did not appeal to the youth, and when sixteen years old he ran away from home. It was his ambition to go out to Australia that made him shape his course toward San Francisco. He soon found his small store of money exhausted, but through the leniency of railroad employes he managed to get as far on his western way as Trinidad, Colorado, and from that point across the mountains to .\lbu(iuer(|ue he i)ai(l his way by acting as coal passer on a locomotive. There he worked on a ranch for a month and thereby managed to save enough money to take him to San Franci.sco, where he immediately tried to secure a passage on a sea-going vessel toward the land of goUl and diamonds that his imagination had pictured as Australia.

His small stock of money soon disappearing from the necessary demands made u])on it, Mr. Brown went to a sailors' boarding house, and there, as had many older in years than himself, was induced to sign up with the keeper, presumably for a working passage on an ocean liner, but in reality he was "shanghied" on board a whaler bound for Bchring Sea. C)n this boat he was greatly abused, repeatedly being beaten and condemned to work at menial tasks. When off Dutch Harbor. Alaska, the whaler ran on a shoal and her bow was so severely damaged that it was necessary to build a cofferdam in order to get her back to San Francisco, and this offered young Brown an opportunity to escape, which he acconipHshed by swimming to Goat Island.

On the day following his reaching there Mr. Brown enlisted in the United States Navy and was sent to the Mare Island Navy Yard and hY'bruary 11, 1902, found him aboard the receiving ship Independence. On the first of May following he was assigned to the Solace, a transport, and sailed for the Asiatic station, and on arriving off China, July 7, 1903, was transferred to the Oregon, on which ship he served for twenty-two months. He was then transferred to the Wisconsin, on which he remained for eighteen months. Thus he was in Asiatic waters during the Russian-Japanese war, and while on the Wisconsin sailed 680 miles up the Yangtse Kiang River to Kiukiang and Nankin to break the boycott China had established on American goods and markets. He was honorably discharged at the navy yard at Bremerton. Washington, February 11, 1906. During his years of sea service he had learned much. From February until July he worked at Bisbee, Arizona, as a machinist's helper for the Copper Queen Mining Company, then went to Chicago, where for three weeks he fired a boiler in the Palmer House, from there going farther east and entering the employ of the Knickerbocker Silver Comj)any, first as a packer and later as a shipping clerk.

In 1909 Mr. Brown went to Minneapolis and for one month was connected with the Minneapolis Tribune as a reporter and then came to Chisholm as timekeeper for the .Oliver Mining Company, at the end of two months being made general timekeeper for this district. Inevitably, however, he drifted into newspaper work, the impulse being inherited, and on January 1, 1916, he became owner, business manager and editor of the Chisholm Tribune-Herald, satisfying an ambition cherished since childhood. He has a modern, first class plant and issues a journal that is creditable in every way and is generously supported.

Mr. Brown was married February 8, 1911, to Miss Caroline Frances Seidensticker, of Port Jervis. Orange County, New York, coming of Dutch ancestry. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have had four children: Joel Frederick, who died at the age of seventeen months ; Walter B., who was born August 30, 1913; and Charles B. and William W., twins, who were born January 30, 1915.

Ever since establishing his permanent home at Chisholm Mr. Brown has been active as a citizen. He was instrumental in establishing the Chamber of Commerce, in which body he is an important factor, and has served as secretary for two years, and since 1917 has been president of the Library Board. In political sentiment he is a Republican, but in his work for the city's substantial welfare he recognizes no party affiliation but labors with other public-spirited men for the general good. During the great war he served ^s an officer in the Home Guards, and took part in the various patriotic movements of that period. He is well known in fraternal life and is active in many organizations, being a member of Hematite Lodge No. 274, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, Duluth Consistory, Hibbing Lodge of Perfection, and Aad Temple Shrine, Duluth; Chisholm Lodge No. 1334, Elks; Lematite Lodge No. 9, Odd Fellows; Lodge No. 179, Knights of Pythias; and Aerie No. 462. Order of Eagles. He belongs also to the Kiwanis Club.

Charles E. Hendrick. In the building and expansion of the industrial and commercial activities of Virginia, in the development of the banking and educational affairs of the city, and in the cause of prohibition no member of the community is more prominently and more favor-

Duluth And St. Louis County 841

Mr. Hendrick, now general superintendent of the M. A. Hanna interests of the Mesaba Range. Virginia, is a native of Ypsilanti, Michigan, his birth occurring October 27, 1867. He is one of a family of four children - three sons and one daughter- - born to the marriage of Edmund and Sarah (Burr) Hendrick, the former of Pennsylvania-Dutch stock and the latter a lineal descendant of Aaron Burr. Edmund Hendrick was a wood turner by trade and also followed carpentering and fruit-growing, in each of these branches having met with a good measure of success. He served the Union cause as a member of a Michigan regiment during the Civil war, his duties being carried on in connection with the engineering and construction department, and at the close of hostilities he returned to his usual vocations. Both he and his wife passed away many years ago.

Charles E. Hendrick is the youngest child born to his parents. His early years were passed in his native city, where he attended school and completed the high school course. Shortly thereafter he moved to Northville, Michigan, and spent about eighteen months in a manufacturing establishment, going thence to Ishpeming as an assistant engineer and chemist for the Pittsburg and Lake Angeline Iron Company. Pursuing his activities along these lines, Mr. Hendrick transferred his services to the Lake Superior Iron Company, of which he became chief chemist and later was appointed chief engineer to the same company. When the Oliver Iron Mining Company succeeded in the ownership of the Lake Superior Iron Company Mr. Hendrick continued as chief engineer, and later as assistant to the general superintendent, remaining in the latter position until the end of 1904.

In January, 1905, he moved to the Mesaba Range of northern Minnesota, and assumed the duties of superintendent for the Consumers Ore Company (M. A. Hanna interests) at Buhl. His home was at. the latter j)lace until 1908, in which year he took up his residence in Virginia. As the Hanna interests expanded Mr. Hendrick had charge of their operations, the scope of his duties finally spreading out to include a number of the Great Northern iron ore properties ; this was then divided and he has since had charge of the eastern district. Mr. Hendrick, also is vice president and a director of the State Bank of Virginia, and is secretary and treasurer and a director of the Hoar Shovel Agency. This agency operates the disposal of a new underground shovel, which, it is claiTued. has wonderful possibilities as a labor-saving device in underground mining work. It is asserted that this shovel reduces labor over 50 per cent.

Mr. Hendrick was married to Miss Ida Moag. a native of Ransomville. New York, and they became the parents of two children : Paul E. and Mildred I. Mr. Hendrick is a supporter of the Republican party, with strong Prohibition tendencies, and acted as chairman of the Dry County Committee when St. Louis County was changed to a prohibition district. He has served as a member of the Board of Education and has served on the Library Board, and at the present time is a member of the Citv Charter Commission. His religious alTiliation is with the Central Baptist Church of Duluth. i'^aternally he belongs to tiie Kiwanis Club; is a Scottish Rite Mason and a member of the -Mystic Shrine. During the World war he was active in the various camj>aigns to ])romote the different bond (lrivi->, and in 1920 was chairman of the Near East relief drive, whicli resulted in \ irginia being one of the comparatively few towns to "go over the lop" in the raising of its (|uota.

Apart from these last mentioned activities Mr. Hendrick has always lent his aid and influence to the promotion of every project calculated to advance the moral and social progress of his adopted city, and he is generally recognized as a citizen in whom the community has implicit confidence.

Anton Charles Weiss has all the honors and dignities attaching to veteran experience in Minnesota journalism, and has served for practically three decades as editor and publisher of the Duluth Herald, one of the oldest papers of northern Minnesota, and for many years the undisputed leading daily of Duluth.

Mr. Weiss was born at Sheboygan. Wisconsin, September 20, 1862, a son of John and Louise (Fleischer) Weiss. He has been a resident of Minnesota since 1870 and of Duluth since 1884. He acquired his education in the public schools, and gained his early training in newspaper work in the office and on the stafif of the Pioneer Press of St. Paul. He served that great Minnesota paper for ten years.