Duluth Township (part 12 of 15)

The Duluth Herald was established in 1883 by Myron Bunnell, who after six years sold out. One of its editors was J. Adam Bede, the distinguished Minnesota congressman. A stock company was formed to acquire the ownership of the Herald plant in 1891, and it was in November of that year that Mr. Weiss bought a financial interest and became president, treasurer and general manager of the company. He had been in Duluth for several years as the Duluth representative and correspondent of the Pioneer Press of St. Paul. Mr. Weiss has been the inspiration and guiding genius of the Herald for thirty years, and has made it one of the leading papers of the northwest, both in quality of service and also in the high standard of its mechanical equipment.

He was a director of the Associated Press from 1910 until 1921. He has long been prominent in Democratic politics and public afifairs. The first public office he held was as alderman of Duluth in 1888-90. From 1890 to 1893 he was a member of the Board of Managers of the Minnesota State Prison. He was a delegate at large to the National Convention of the Democratic party at Denver in 1908, and also a delegate at large and chairman of the Minnesota delegation at the Baltimore Convention in 1912, and during that campaign was a member of the Advisory Board of the Democratic National Committee. Mr. Weiss served as a member of the Minnesota Commission of Public Safety during the World war. He is a member of the Commercial Club of Duluth, the Kitchi Gammi and Northland Country Golf Clubs, the Duluth Curling Club and the Duluth Boat Club. On October 5, 1887, he married Mary D. Sherwin, of McMinnville, Tennessee.

Charles Van Stone Greer. The Greer Printing Company of Duluth is one of the most successfully equipped and efficient organizations of its kind in the northwest for general book and job printing and all classes of printing work. The active head of the business and its founder is Charles Van Stone Greer, one of the veterans of the trade at Duluth, who first came here nearly thirty years ago.

Mr. Greer was born in Huron County, Ontario. Canada, June 4. 1871, and learned the printing trade during his youth after attending common schools. In October, 1891, when he was twenty years of age, he came to Duluth and went to work as a compositor for the Daily Tribune. He remained in Duluth until March, 1892, when he went out to Seattle, Washington, was employed on the Post Intelligencer until October of that year and was then in the office of the Spokane Review until April,

Duluth And St. Louis County 843

1893. Returning to Duluth, he was connected with the mechanical offices of the Duluth Evening Herald about two years, and in September, 1894, first engaged in the job printing business under the firm name of Rankin & Greer. The partnership was continued until the fall of 1896, their modest plant being in the basement of the Torrey Building. When Mr. Rankin withdrew from the partnership A. H. Moore took his place, and the firm Greer & Moore continued until 1898. Mr. Greer then resumed his trade in the office of the Daily News Tribune for one year. Thereafter he established the pioneer enterprise of the kind, operating a plant of Mergenthaler linotypes for typesetting for job printers. This was the first effort in that direction made at Duluth. Mr. Greer made this his exclusive business until February, 1911, at which date the Greer Printing Company was established. This is owned and controlled by Mr. Greer, and at 14 and 16 West First street the company maintains a complete plant and all the facilities for its work and service.

Mr. Greer is well known in Duluth social and business affairs, though practically all his time and energies have been devoted to one business. He is a member of the Duluth Typothetae, United Typothetae of America, the Advertising Club, Commercial Club, Boat Club and Young Men's Christian Association, and fraternally is a member of Palestine Lodge No. 79, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, North Star Lodge of Perfection of the Scottish Rite, and Aad Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and is also a member of the Modern Samaritans. He casts his vote independently and is a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church.

Ernest E. Burns. For many years a prominent lumber concern of Minnesota has been the Burns Lumber Company. This corporation has two large yards in Duluth, and the Duluth business of the corporation is under the direct supervision and management of Ernest E. Burns, a son of the founder of the business.

His father was William H. Burns, who was born in Ireland and came to America in 1857. As a young man without capital or special resources he took advantage of the Cooper Institute in New York city as a means of acquiring a useful mechanical trade, and learned cabinet making. On the 19th of April, 1861, he volunteered as a member of Company H, Hawkins Zouaves. He was three years in the Union army in the Army of the Potomac, served in the battle of Richmond and many other engagements, and after being wounded was placed on detached guard duty at Washington until the war ended. After the war he continued to live in Washington until 1871, when he moved out to Iowa, was in that state until 1886 and then moved to St. Paul and engaged in the lumber business. His partner was Mr. Shaw, and they were in business under the firm name of Burns & Shaw from 1886 imtil 1896. In the latter year William H. Burns with his sons organized the Burns Lumber Company. The St. Paul business of this company is conducted by another son. h'loyd W. Burns.

Ernest E. P>urns was born in Iowa .April 26. 1871, and was fifteen years of age when brought to Minnesota. He finished his education in St. Paul and lor a number of years past has been secretary and treasurer of the Burns l.uiubi-r Company. The company operates two other branch offices besides tiiose at Duluth and St. Paul. Ernest E. Burns is active in the Masonic Order, being afiilialed with the Knights Templar and Shrine, is a member of the Modern .Samaritans, tiie Royal .\rcanuni. and in politics is a Republican. .September «*>. 18')7, he married in Iowa Miss Anna Fitz. Tliev arc the parents of six children: Margaret E.. born July 3. 1898; William 11.. born October 1. 1S<)<\ enlisted in April,

1917, and was in service until honorably discharged in October, 1919; Robert C. born February 15, 1902, who also volunteered for service in the World war; Ernest E., Jr., born December 26, 1904; John Richard, born March 13. 1911; and Anna Virginia, born June 23, 1913.

Edward L. and Lawrence M. Barrett are progressive young men whose initiative energy and keen prescience of trade demands have given to the city of Virginia a well-equipped wholesale grocery house, the service of which meets most efifectively the requirements of the territory normally tributary to this thriving city of St. Louis County. Their father was born in the Dominion of Canada, of English and Irish lineage, and he came to the United States when a youth. At the time of the birth of his sons, the subjects of this review, he was a resident of Stillwater, Minnesota, where he was employed as a guard at the State Penitentiary, of which institution he later became an officer. After severing this connection he became a salesman for the wholesale grocery firm of Stone. Ordean, Wells Company, of Duluth, but he is now deceased. His wife, whose family name was Casey, was born at Stillwater, this state, in 1871, of Irish and French ancestry, and they became the parents of six children.

Fully five years ago Edward L. and Lawrence M. Barrett conceived the idea and plan of establishing at Virginia a wholesale grocery business, but war conditions made it impracticable to take decisive action until later. On the 1st of May, 1919, under the title of Barrett Brothers Company, they founded the wholesale grocery house by enlisting adequate capitalistic support and establishing the enterprise under corporate control, with Edward L. as president and Lawrence M. as treasurer and manager of the company, the stock of the concern being held by a very limited number of men, and all of the number being residents of the Iron Range district of Minnesota. At the inception of the new commercial enterprise there was not to be had in Virginia a building adequate to serve the requirements of the company, and the municipal authorities showed their liberality and public spirit by leasing to the company the curling rink, which was in use by the company during the intervening period prior till the completing of the new and substantial three-story building which was erected for the purpose and was completed and ready for occupancy November 1, 1920. This building, of three stories and basement, is of the best type of reinforced concrete construction, is located on the tracks of two railroads, and is modern in equipment and facilities. The business of the company has already been placed upon a substantial and flourishing basis, and its service is greatly appreciated by the retail trade of the territory covered - a territory extending to Duluth on the south, to International Falls on the north, to Ely on the east and to Grand Rapids on the west. The Barrett brothers are giving their splendid energies to the promotion of this important business, which is contributing in marked degree to the commercial prestige of Virginia, and they are known and valued as progressive business men and loyal and public-spirited citizens.

Edward L. Barrett was born at Stillwater, Minnesota, on the 3d of May, 1883, and there he attended the public schools until he had completed two years of study in the high school. His parents then removed to St. Paul, and for three years thereafter he was a student in St. Thomas' College in that city. At the age of seventeen years he became a traveling salesman for the Clapp Clothing Company of Grand Rapids, Michigan, with assigned territory from Duluth west to the Pacific Coast. After remaining six months with this company Mr. Barrett entered the employ of the great Barber Asphalt Company as cashier in the Duluth office of the concern. Six months later he severed this association and became a traveling salesman for the Stone, Ordean, Wells Company, wholesale grocers at Duluth. For ten years thereafter he eft'ectively covered the territory immediately tributary to Duluth, and developed a substantial business for this company. He was then transferred to the Mesaba Range territory, in which he continued to represent this company until he withdrew to engage independently in the same line of business, as noted in a preceding paragraph. In politics Mr. Barrett is independent, he and his wife are earnest communicants of the Catholic Church, and he is affiliated with the Knights of Columbus and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He volunteered for service in the World war, but was not accepted for enlistment. He was active in support of the various governmental war agencies in his field, and in this connection organized at Hibbing the campaign for the sale of War Saving Stamps.

On the 8th of June, 1910, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Barrett to Miss Elizabeth Louise Ashley, who was born at Saginaw, Michigan, and they have six children - Elizabeth L., Edward Lee, Jr., Margaret A., Francis A., David W. and Nancy J.

Lawrence M. Barrett was born at Stillwater on the 27th of April, 1890, and after his graduation in St. Thomas' College, St. Paul, as a member of the class of 1907, he immediately entered the employ of the Stone, Ordean, Wells Company at Duluth, with which concern he won advancement from the position of labeler to house salesman in the general ofifice of the company. On the 14th of May, 1908. he became traveling representative of this wholesale grocery house in the Mesaba Range territory, where he continued his successful service until the 1st of March, 1919, when he resigned his position and became associated with his brother in establishing the wholesale grocery house of which mention has already been made in this review. Mr. Barrett is not constrained by partisan lines in politics, and he and his wife are communicants of the Catholic Church. At Virginia he is an active member of the Rotary Club and the lodges of the Knights of Columbus and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, besides which he is affiliated with the United Commercial Travelers. At the time of the nation's participation in the great World war Mr. Barrett organized the Virginia Home Guards, which body was later taken over by the state, whereupon he was appointed and commissioned major of the Fourth Minnesota Battalion. In this ofticial capacity he was assigned to the organization of companies at Grand Rapids, Kewatin^ Hibbing, Chisholm, Buhl and International Falls. Some of these companies later entered the Federal service as the Second Battalion, Sixth Regiment Minnesota National ( juard, of which Mr. Barrett assumed command as major of the battalion.

.'\pril 2. 1913, recorded the marriage of Mr. Barrett to Miss I'2meline Higgins, who was born in the city of Manistee. Michigan, and the three children of this uni(Mi are Mary Emelinc. Jean Paul I'rancis and Lawrence M., Jr.

S. G. Petfcr.son. While his home and business have been in Dulutli only fourteen years .S. G. Peterson is a pioneer in the northern country of Minnesota and Michigan and has had a working career of usefulness there for upwards of forty years. He furnishes a business service described as "anythini,' in sheet metal work." and has the exi>ert personal skill and (|naliticatif)ns of a good nianagiT to perform any service reasonably expected of this kind.

Mr. Peterson was born in Sweden September 21, 1861, and as he grew to manhood he acquired a common school education and was trained chiefly to the duties of a Swedish farm. In October, 1881, he arrived in America, having come alone, and his first location was at Portland, Connecticut, where for a short time he worked in a box factory. He soon came west to Ishpeming, Michigan, left there and removed to Westboro, Wisconsin, was employed as a laborer, and then established his home at Ashland, Wisconsin, where he remained from 1883 until 1906, employed in hardware stores and as a practical tinsmith. For eleven years he was a clerk in one hardware store at Ashland, under the proprietorship of R. W. French.

On moving to Duluth in 1906 Mr. Peterson took up the sheet metal business with the Duluth Corrugating and Roofing Company. He was with that organization six years, was employed by C. L. Burman in the same line for three years, and then established his present shop at 1918 West Superior street, and has had a generous share of this class of business contracts in Duluth and vicinity. He has facilities for handling any class of sheet metal work, whether roofing, cornices, hot air heating or otherwise. He is a successful business man, and has always concentrated his energies along one line of business. He votes for the good of American principles and independently so far as party is concerned. He is a member of the Swedish Lutheran Church.

April 6, 1888, at Ashland, Wisconsin, Mr. Peterson married Miss Anna B. Lindbloom, who was born in Sweden and came to this country after the arrival of Mr. Peterson. Nine children were born into their home, and six are still living, named Agnes M., Albert L., Reuben G., Lester F., Mildred M. and Alice A. Mr. and Mrs. Peterson have taken great pains to give their children ample training and education for careers of usefulness and honor. Their oldest child, Agnes, was educated in the public schools at Ashland, attended normal school at Duluth, also the Minnesota State College at Minneapolis, was a student in summer schools and pursued a thorough study of agriculture. For about seven years she was a successful teacher and is now the wife of A. M. Olson and lives at Nelson, Minnesota. The son Albert was educated in public schools at Ashland, took a course in bookkeeping at Duluth Business University and is now assistant to the general manager of the manufacturing department of F. A. Patrick Company. Reuben G., the second son, was educated in the Ashland and Duluth public schools, for five years was bookkeeper for the Consolidated Elevator Company, and early in the World war enlisted in the navy and was on duty fourteen months. Since coming home he has been a business associate with his father. Lester F. Peterson attended public schools at Ashland and Duluth, was for two years an employe of C. L. Burman, and since then has been 'with his father. The daughter Mildred was educated in Duluth public schools, and the youngest of the family, Alice, is still a schoolgirl at Duluth.

St. Joseph's Catholic Church of Chisholm. Almost from the opening of the first mines in the Chisholm district Catholic services were held in the most available places of worship. Later Bishop James McGolrick of Duluth appointed Monsignor Joseph F. Buh with a special mission to investigate conditions at Chisholm and report on the advisability of establishing a permanent church or mission. The result of the Monsignor's visit was the erection of the present church building in 1904. The first mass was said Christmas day of that year by Rev. C. V. Gamache of Hibbing. The building committee consisted of Mat Matzelle and M. F. Marion.

Duluth And St. Louis County 847

At that time the parish contained between forty and fifty famihes. In 1905 the church was incorporated, and during the first part of that year it was attended by Rev. M. Sengir of Virginia and later by Rev. M. Bilban and his assistant, Rev. John Tscholl, of Eveleth. Father TschoU said mass once a month and in January, 1906, was appointed regular pastor and filled that office until March 1, 1911. In the meantime improvements and enlargements were made. The priest's house, a two-story cement structure^ was built in 1906 and in 1907 the church was enlarged to its present size.

The pastor of St. Joseph's since September 15, 1911, has been Rev. J. E. Schififrer and the decade of his administration has been marked by steady growth and improvement. In 1913 additional lots were bought for church property, some special improvements were made to the church edifice in 1916, and in 1918 an addition was made to the priest's house. Plans are now being developed for the establishment of a parochial school. In 1911 the parish had a population of 350 families, while now about 450 families are included in the parish limits. IMost of these are of foreign birth and parentage, the Slavs predominating, with important admixtures of French, Irish, Polish, Italians and Germans. Mention has been made of the two prominent members of the building committee, M. F. Marion and Mat Matzelle, and others who deserve especial credit for their efforts and general bestowal of their means upon St. Joseph's are J. J. Hayes, John Kochevar, John Bovetz, while more recently should be mentioned A. J. Sullivan, John Schweiger, Frank Gouze and A. L. Bergeron, and many others have been active in this noble work.

Rev. J. E. Schiffrer, the beloved aad esteemed pastor of St. Joseph's, was born in January, 1884, at Stara Loka, Slovenia, Czecho-Slavia. The oldest of six children, he was early appointed for the priesthood, acquired a common school education at Skofja Loka, attended college at Kranj, Slovenia, and being designated for the American mission, he came to this country in 1902 and pursued the study of philosophy and theology at the St. Paul Seminary, St. Paul, Minnesota. He was graduated in 1908 and after being ordained was sent for one year to St. Anthony's Church at Ely, Minnesota. He spent three months at Hinckley and then took charge of the church at Scanlon, Carlton and neighboring towns. From August to December, 1909, he was chaplain to the Benedictine Sisters at Duluth. His next appointment was to establish a new parish at Gilbert, and from there on September 15, 1911, he entered upon his duties and congenial relationship with St. Joseph's at Chisholm. He is a popular citizen of Ciiisholm, and is active in the Kiwanis Club, and is affiliated with the Knights of Columbus at Virginia.

William A. McCurdy. In mining circles throughout Minnesota, Michigan and in other sections the name of William McCurdy is a very familiar one, representing, as it does, thorough knowledge and long and honorable mining engineering exj)crience, as well as good citizenship and high personal character. Mr. McCurdy came to Virginia, Minnesota, in the si)ring of 1919, and has continued here as the efficient superintendent of the Virginia Mines of the Oliver Iron Mining Company.

William A. McCurdy was born October 6, 1875, at Marcjuette. Michigan, and is a son of William and Emma (Snyder) McCurdy, the former of whom was born in 1848, in Canada, of Highland Scotch ancestry, and the latter in Michigan, of German parentage. Of their seven children five are living, William .\. being the eldest of the family. The father of Mr. McCurdy for many years engaged in a Iniilding contracting business, especially in the ntiglihurhood of mine properties in Michigan, but now lives retired.

Taking advantage of the excellent educational opportunities afforded him at Houghton, Michigan, William A. IMcCurdy pursued his studies there until he was graduated from the high school in 1895, when he entered the Michigan College of Mines, from which noted technical school he was graduated in 1898. Following this he engaged with the Tamarack Osceola Manufacturing Company, in the interest of which he went to Dollar Bay, Michigan, charged with the responsihility of installing the electrolytic copper assay laboratory, a task that consumed about one year. When it was satisfactorily completed Mr. McCurdy made a business trip to British Columbia, his object being to investigate gold prospects, and while there he conducted a small assay office. He then returned to the Tamarack Osceola people, going into their designing department to assist in designing some new types of furnace.

By this time Mr. McCurdy had made some reputation as a mining engineer, and his services as such were engaged by the Massachusetts Consolidated Mining Company at the Mars ^line. where he remained about a year, a few months of the time assaying at the mill. From there he went to Duluth and entered the mechanical engineering department of the Oliver Iron Mining Company, and in 1903 was transferred to Ely, Saint Louis County. Minnesota, as chief mining engineer of the Ely district mines for the above company. He remained at Ely until 1910, when the company sent him to superintend their mining properties at Soudan, but a year later was transferred back to Ely and made superintendent of the Vermillion Range IVIines of the Oliver Iron Mining Company, from which position, in line of promotion, he came in May, 1919, to Virginia.

Mr. McCurdy was married July 22, 1914, to Miss Ada Patterson, who was born at Duluth, of an old American family,- and they have one child, Gordon William, born August 25, 1915.

Mr. McCurdy's political attitude is that of an independent Republican. Like many other business men in his profession, he has found a permanent place of residence not always desirable or even possible, but during a comparatively lengthy period he was settled at Ely, and while there took so active an interest in the town's welfare as to become recognized as a foremost citizen. He served two terms as alderman and was a member of the School Board for five years, during three years being president of the board. As might be expected, the various urgent calls to patriotic endeavor during the World war found him ready to respond, and in addition to actively furthering every public movement of a patriotic nature he served in the Home Guards, first as lieutenant and later as captain of Company D, 8th Battalion. Mr. McCurdy is a member of Ely Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, of which he was master in 1918, has received the thirty-second degree, and belongs to the Mystic Shrine at Duluth. He is a member of several scientific bodies and belongs to the Engineers' Club of Northern Minnesota.

James P. McDonald. Either as an expert working for others, in partnership or individually James P. McDonald has been one of the men of prominence in the great lumber industries centered at the head of the lakes at Duluth for upwards of thirty years. His associations and activities make him easily one of the most conspicuous figures in the lumber industry of the northwest.

Mr. McDonald was born on a farm in the township of Osprey, Mclntyre, county of Grey, province of Ontario, Canada, April 3, 1868. His parents were of Scotch ancestry and both of them died in Canada. His father was a building contractor, and after retiring from that business devoted his later years to agriculture and stock. There were nine children

Duluth And St. Louis County 849

James P. McDonald was well educated, and manifested some unusual intellectual qualifications while a schoolboy in Canada. When he graduated from the public schools he passed a written examination held under the direction of the Dominion Government and obtained the highest percentage of any student in the Dominion at that time. From the public schools he entered the Collingwood Collegiate Institute, and after finishing his education found his first employment as cashier in a mercantile concern. During the season of 1888 he was purser on the steamer Imperial.

Since then for a period of over thirty years his one work and interest has been the lumber business. He was assistant to the manager in a plant manufacturing lumber, and made use of every opportunity to learn the business in every phase and detail from the stump to the market. The firm with which he served this practical apprenticeship was at French River, Ontario. During the second year he took an examination under the Dominion Government as to his qualifications as a scaler of logs on Crown land timber, and after the examination received a life certificate for scaling Crown land timber.

j\Ir. McDonald came to the United States in November, 1891. in company with his brother Peter Thomas McDonald. He crossed the line at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and immediately became associated as a lumber inspector with the Flail & Munson Lumber Company at P>ay Mills. Michigan. He was there a year, and in November, 1892, came to Duluth, even at that time one of the most prominent i)oints in the lumber industry of the northwest. During the winter months of 1892-93 he was employed as a log scaler by the Howe Lumber Company at Tower, one of the larger organizations then in business, and also by Robert Whiteside of Duluth. In the spring of 1893 he became lumber inspector for the Howe Lumber Company at Tower and continued during 1893. In the winter of 1893-94 he scaled state timber as deputy surveyor general, but then returned to the Howe Lumber Company as lumber yarcl superintendent in the spring of 1894, and filled that position during the summer seasons up to and including 1896. During the winters of 1895-96 and 1896-97 he was engaged as chief deputy surveyor general in the Fifth District of Minnesota. His next work was with Ogilvie & Turrish of West Superior, Wisconsin, as superintendent. This firm had a large ])lant for the manufacture of lumber at West Superior. Mr. McDonald remained with them until he was appointed surveyor general of logs and lumber by Governor Schofield of Wisconsin, an office he filled for a term of two years. One of the largest timber and lumber manufacturing concerns at Duluth, the Minnesota Log & Timber Com])any. then secured Mr. McDonald's services as general manager of their operations, and that was his post of duty until the corporation li(|uidated and wound up its affairs. In 1^04 he became associated with another prominent northwestern lumberman. Mr. William O'Brien, who had been president of the Minnesota Log & Timber Company, and continued as general manager of the O'Brien Lumber Manufacturing Plant at Duluth.

In 1909 the firm of Mullery-McDonald Lumber Company was organized with William O'Brien, president; John C". Mullery. vice president; V. J. Mullery, treasurer, and Mr. McDonald, secretary and general manager. This firm owned extensive tracts of timber land, logged off tlie land and railed the products to Duluth to be manufactured into lumber at their three sawmills, which they jiurchased f'-om Ilul)b;ird cK: \'incetU. the Red Cliff' Lvunber Company and the .St. Louis Lumber Company. The operations of the firm were conducted on a large scale until P>P'. During P>15

Mr. McDonald was instrumental in having the Mullery-McDonald Lumber Company purchase a controlling interest in a wholesale lumber yard, including a complete planing and shingle plant, at North Tonawanda, New York. He is still vice president and purchasing agent for this company. In the meantime for several years past he has been interested in the white pine timber regions of Idaho and is a stockholder in the Western Land Si Timber Company. Mr. McDonald carries on an extensive business under his own name as a manufacturer and dealer in logs and lumber. He is interested in several ranches in the province of Alberta, Canada, and has always participated in iron mining, having organized the Cuyuna Iron & Land Company in Minnesota. He is one of the officials of this company. Otherwise he is identified as a stockholder or director in several business organizations in Minnesota, Idaho and Kentucky. In 1920 he organized the McDonald Lumber Company, extensive manufacturers and wholesalers of lumber and timbers and large handlers of piling and other forest products.

Mr. McDonald is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, and Shriner, a member of the Kitchi Gammi Club, the Curling Club and Duluth Boat Club, and is serving a second term as chief of the Clan Stewart, Order of Scottish Clans. He has never held any political office, votes as a Republican, and is a member of the First Presbyterian Church. In March, 1911, at Oshkosh, Wisconsin, Mr. McDonald married Nellie Martin. She was born in Menomonie, Wisconsin, and her people came originally from Cape Breton. Mrs. McDonald obtained her education in the schools of Wisconsin.

Frederick C. Witte is giving an administration which in the fullest sense has justified his appointment to the office of chief of the police department of the city of Virginia, one of the vital muniC:ipalities of the Mesaba Range. He was born at Freeport, Illinois, June 22, 1876, and is a son of Charles and Sophia (Steinke) Witte, the former of whom was born in Germany and the latter at Freeport, Illinois. Charles Witte was a young man at the time of his immigration to the United States and was reared and educated in the state of Illinois, where he has long been actively engaged in the work of his trade, that of a brick and stone mason. Of the children all but one are living, and of the number Virginia's chief of police was the third in order of birth.

In the public schools of his native city Frederick C. Witte continued his studies until he had completed the work of the fifth grade, and his parents then removed to a rural community near Freeport, where he attended a district school until he was fourteen years of age. In the meanwhile he assisted in the work of the farm which his father had purchased and also gained considerable knowledge of the mason's trade under the direction of his father. As a youth he was specially fond of hunting and fishing, and his predilections along this line led him to adopt an unusual medium of travel when he set forth for the Mesaba mineral range of Minnesota. In 1897, in company with a chum, Robert Derr, he set forth with team and wagon, in true gypsy style, on the interesting overland trip to the Mesaba Range, and it is needless to say that he enjoyed every moment of the fine out-of-doors journey. Upon arriving at their destination the two men became associated in work at the trades of brick mason and plasterer at Hinckley and Pine City, and this alliance continued about eighteen months. Mr. Witte thereafter devoted about one year to learning the barber's trade at Pine City, and in 1898 found employment at this trade in a shop at Virginia. Here he continued to be thus engaged until 1900, when he went to Spokane, Washington, in which city he worked a short time at his trade, as did he later at Wallace, Idaho. He then purchased a restaurant at Gem, Idaho, as well as a barber shop, and he conducted both of these establishments about two years. Thereafter he visited various cities of the northwest, and he then returned to Minnesota, where from 1904 to 1905 he was employed at his trade in the city of Duluth. During the following period of about eighteen months he conducted a barber shop of his own at Eveleth, St. Louis County, and he then removed to the new and booming town of Aurora, this county, where he conducted a barber shop from 1907 until 1909, in which latter year he was appointed chief of the police department of the vigorous little city. In January. 1913, he resigned this position to accept that of range chief deputy sheriff, with headquarters at Virginia, and on the 1st of May, 1918, was appointed chief of the Virginia police department, in which office his administration has been marked by discrimination, vigor and progressive policies, with the result that his regime has given unqualified satisfaction. He was chairman of the local Draft Board at the time when the nation called for its young meii for service in the World war, and he is a valued and popular member of the executive board of the local organization of the Boy Scouts, as well as that of the Boys' W^elfare League. In politics Chief \\^itte is aligned in the ranks of the Republican party, and he is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Knights of Pythias and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In this official capacity Chief \\'itte holds that his duty is not merely to bring offenders to justice but to further policies for the prevention of malefactions, to inculcate high American standards in the youth of the country, and to provide proper channels for the exercise of the exuberant spirits of boys and youth, so that they may be deflected from the courses that lead to disrule and eventual crime. His interest in the youth of his jurisdiction is manifested in kindly and effective service and action, and in his private and official work along this line he has achieved splendid results.

In 1909 was recorded the marriage of Mr. Witte to Miss Ada Jenkins, of Virginia, Minnesota, and she is the popular chatelaine of their pleasant home, which is known for its gracious hospitality. They have no children.

Frank E. Bukrell is a pioneer Duluth business man, long identified with the sheet metal trades and industry and has handled an important share of the volume of business done in that line in Duluth and vicinity during the past thirty years or more.

He was born in Pennsylvania Ajjril 22, 1861. His father, Louis Burrell, a native of the same state, was a shoemaker and tanner, and on leaving Pennsylvania went to Illinois, later followed his trade and business in Kansas, and finally moved to Arkansas, where he died. Of four children three are living, Frank E. being the second in age. .

Frank E. Burrell ac(|uire(l his early education in the public schools of Pennsylvania and Illinois, and some of his early experiences were on his father's farm. He began learning the sheet metal trade at the age of seventeen in Kansas, and returning to his old Illinois home in I'Veeport, was a sheet metal worker two years, l-'rom there he. came to Duluth, and his first employment in this city was with .Alexander Crawford. Later ^ he worked with the II. W. Pearson Company and later with the Hanchett & Shelden Company until 1888, in which year he formed a partnership with K. E. Little under the firm name of Burrell & Little. They were in business together until 1892, following which the firm of Burrell & Harmon contiiuied business for eighteen years, and since then Mr. Burrell has conducted his enterprise alone. Me has a well appointed shop, all the facilities for his business, and has developed an expert organization capable of handlin^^ every contract in its line. He is a member of the Duluth Builders Exchanj^e and belongs to the Christian Science Church. October 4. 1884, he married Miss Alice Allen of Ohio. They have four children : Allen L., a machinist of Duluth ; Vivian, wife of Edward Mapp, a fruit farmer in Morida, and they have one child. Robert; Zella, a trained and talented instrumental musician ; and Martha, who is the wife of W illiam Mather and has two children. Jean Byrle and Douglas H.

Carl E. Bi:rkman is a busy lawyer at Chisholm. has been in practice in Minnesota for ten years, and has earned a large clientage in his chosen vocation.

Mr. Berkman was born April 15, 1885, at St. Peter, Nicollet County, Minnesota. His father, Peter Berkman, was a native of Sweden, grew up on a Swedish farm, and was eighteen years of age when he came to the United States and located at St. Peter, Minnesota. For about a year he worked as a baker, and during the eighties joined in the rush to the Dakotas and took up a homestead. He developed a farm and lived on it a number of years, but is now a banker at Swift, Minnesota. In 1882 Peter Berkman married Christine Uarson. a native of Nicollet County, Minnesota. Of their three children, Carl E. is the oldest, and one other, a daughter, is still living.

Carl E. Berkman grew up on his father's homestead in .South Dakota, attended the common schools of that state and finished his early education at Brookings, where though he did not graduate he acquired the equivalent to a high school training. Mr. Berkman j^repared for his ])rofession in Valparaiso University School of Law in Indiana, was graduated in 1907 and was admitted to the Indiana bar the same year. Instead of beginning the practice of his profession he accepted an offer to go to Sulphur Springs. Arkansas, and teach mathematics and sciences in a private school.

In 1909 Mr Berkman came to Minnesota, was admitted to the bar of this state and practiced at Badger for five years. During a portion of that time he served as a tnember of the School Board. .Since 1914 he has been a member of the Chisholm bar, and along with a growing private practice has given much of his time to local affairs. He served as city attorney in 1919, has been a member of the Library Board, is a Democrat in politics and is affiliated with Chisholm Lodge No. 1334 of the Order of Elks. He was with the colors during the World war. W'hen the law was passed extending the draft ages in 1918 he waived his exemption rights and was enrolled at Camp Meigs, Washington, in the Quartermaster's Department.

At Alsen, North Dakota, November 16, 1910. Mr. Berkman married Miss Millie. Mikkelson, daughter of Lars Mikkelson. Her father was born on the family estate near Copenhagen, Denmark, and came to this country in 1880. He soon engaged in the grain elevator business at Litchfield, Minnesota, where his daughter Millie was born May 1. 1884. Later he removed to Benson. Minnesota, still later to Stephen in this state, and continued a well known grain man. In 1883 he married Miss Bolette Pearson, of Malmo, Sweden. Mrs. Berkman is the oldest of three children and has one sister living. She attended the grade schools of Stephen, graduated from the Benson High School in 1904, and completed the advanced course of the St. Cloud Normal School in 1907. For one year she was a teacher in the seventh grade at Royalton, Minnesota, and though reelected she resigned in order to file on a quarter section homestead three miles from Swift, Minnesota. Mrs. Berkman thus showed an unusual degree of courage and enterprise, and remained a resident on the homestead the required fourteen months, in the meantime earning her living by teaching three grades in the Swift pubhc schools, walking three miles between her claim and the schoolhouse every day. In order to assist Mr. Berkman in his desire to waive exemption and in order to carry out the Government's injunction that women wherever possible should take men's places and free them for army service, Mrs. Berkman took the examination for postmaster, passed with a high mark, and on October 16, 1919, was inducted into the ofifice of postmaster of Chisholm. She is a member of the Order of Rebekahs at Stephen, Mimiesota, and for three years served as president of the Literary Society at Badger. Mr. and Mrs. Berkman are members of the Christian Science faith. They have two children, Paul, born in 1912, and Robert Pearson, born in 1919.

Hiram J. Eaton, the efficient, enthusiastic and popular official guide of the technical high school at Virginia, was born on a farm seven miles distant from the city of Rochester, Monroe County, New York, May 12, 1840. His experience has been broad and varied, and has touched the pioneer period in the history of both Wisconsin and Minnesota, besides which he was one of the gallant young men who went forth in defense of the Union when the Civil war cast its pall over the national horizon. Herbert A. Eaton, father of him whose name initiates this paragraph, was born in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was a representative of a family that was founded in America in the Colonial period of our national history, one of the brothers of his grandfather having been an aide on the statY of Gen. George Washington in the war of the Revolution. Herbert A. Eaton became a successful contractor in the construction of public works, and was a resident of Monroe County, New York, at the time of his death, in 1900, when ninety-two years of age. His wife, whose maiden name was Mary E. Leach, was born at Troy, New York, and she likewise was a representative of an old and honored Colonial family. Of the eleven children the subject of this sketch was the fourth in order of birth.

Hiram J. Eaton gained his rudimentary education in a rural school near the place of his birth, and he was a lad of fifteen years when he left home, with the consent of his parents, and went to the home of his paternal grandfather, who was a pioneer farmer near Janesville, Wisconsin. Here the boy worked on the farm several months, but his ambition and self-reliance soon caused him to seek a wider personal freedom, and without the knowledge of his grandfather he left the latter's home and engaged with a man named Wheeler to drive a team for the latter, at Kilbourn City. \\ isconsin. He was thus engaged in hauling lumber in that section of the Badger state until 1856, when he returned to janesville. There he was employed two months in a hotel, and during the next two summers assisted one of his uncles, who was engaged in buying cattle and driving the same to market. During the intervening winter he was employed in the old .Xmericm House, which was then one of the leading hotel?; at janesville. When Mr. Eaton was seventeen years of age there came a period of Imancial depression that coir.peileil him to go further afield to secure employment. lie finally made his way to -St. Louis, Missouri, where he obtained a position as cabin boy on a Mississippi River steamboat, lie thus worked on the river during the winter seasons and on farms near JanesvilU-, Wisconsin, during the intervening summers, until the outbreak of the Civil war brought the call to higher duty. His youthful patriotism an<l loyalty were shown when, on the 2hth of April, 1861, he enlisted as ;i priv.ite in the .Second Wisconsin \'olunteer Infantrv. With tlii'^ gallant command he proceeded to the front, and with it he continued in active service until physical disability rendered him incapacitated and he received his honorable discharge on the 28th of May, 1863. He took part in many battles and minor engagements, and received wounds in the battles of Bull Run, South Mountain and White Sulphur Springs.

During the winter following his discharge from the army Mr. Eaton found employment as a lumber scaler in a lumber camp in Michigan, and in the following year engaged in the lumber-jobbing business, with which he continued his active association for a quarter of a century. Within this period he also operated a blacksmith and carriage shop, and for some time conducted a store at Alpena, Michigan, where he handled groceries, meats, agricultural implements and other supplies.

On the 15th of March. 1892, Mr. Eaton arrived, with a number of teams, at the old town of Mesaba, Minnesota, his purpose being to engage in lumbering operations in this locality. Investigation convinced him that the field for this enterprise was not promising, and accordingly he established a stage line between Mesaba and Merritt, his first stage-load of passengers having been transported over this route on the 17th of March, 1892. He also opened a livery stable and engaged in general teaming. In the autumn of 1892 the railroad line was completed and instituted service in this region, and this caused his stage line to be unprofitable. In canvassing the situation and seeking a new field of activity. Mr. Eaton left his son William in charge of his teams and came to Virginia, which place at that time had only two or three houses. Here he built a barn and established himself as one of the pioneer business men of the new, progressive and prosperous little city. In about thirty days he was joined by his son, with whom he became associated in the operation of a stage line between Virginia and Mountain Iron, besides doing a general teaming and livery business. Mr. Eaton hauled the first load of supplies to Mr. Hibbing's exploring camp at what later became the Sellers Mine. The fire of 1893 destroyed all of his possessions at Virginia, including his horses, but he and his son soon re-established themselves. Within a short time thereafter Mr. Eaton turned the management of the business over to his son and accepted the office of justice of the peace, he having been one of the first two men to serve in this judicial office at Virginia. Later, when the village was incorporated as a city, Mr. Eaton was made police justice, and in this capacity served twelve years, with characteristic fidelity and discernment. His service continued until the establishing of the municipal court, when the office of police justice was abolished. He has served two terms as a member of the Virginia Board of Aldermen and two terms as city recorder.

On the 1st of March, 1898, Mr. Eaton was appointed janitor of the Central School Building of Virginia, and he retained this position until the close of the last school term in this building. He is now the official guide of the new Technical High School and takes great personal pride in this admirable institution and his connection therewith. He still retains affiliation with Alpena Lodge No. 199, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, at Alpena, Michigan, where also he is a veteran member of the lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In politics he is a staunch Republican, and his religious faith is in harmony with the tenets of the Methodist Church, of which his wife is a zealous member.

In October, 1861, Mr. Eaton was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Cartwall, who was born at Lockport, New York, of English lineage, and of this union have been born two children - William H. and Adelaide M. William H. Eaton, who still continues the teaming business which he and his father established in Virginia in the pioneer days and who has added to the same a department devoted to the handHng of fuel, likewise has distinctioo as one of the pioneer business men of Virginia. He was born in the city of Detroit, Michigan, November 29, 1862, and he was a youth when he came with his father to the Iron Range of Minnesota, where he has been actively identified with the development and progress of the vigorous little city of Virginia. He has twiced served as mayor of the city and several terms as a member of the Board of Education. June 25, 1882, he married Miss Anstice M. Bradford, who was born in England and who came with her parents to the United States when she was fourteen years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Eaton have seven children: Amelia M. (Mrs. Johnson), Mabel S. (Mrs. Butler), Herman J., Margaret M., Hazel B. and Jessie B. (twins) and Temple O. '

C. H. Johnson. One of the leading automobile concerns at the Head of the Lakes today is the Johnson Motor Car Company, the home of which is at 309-311 East Superior street in Duluth. The firm has been a factor in the automobile industry for a number of years, and now specializes as distributors of the Cole motor cars and St. Cloud trucks in the Duluth territory.

The head, founder and upbuilder of the business is C. H. Johnson, whose career while involving the overcoming of many obstacles presents a record of steady progress from one thing to another in the achievement of a definite success.

Mr. Johnson was born in Sweden, was eighteen years of age when he came alone to America, and had his first employment and American experience at Jennings, Michigan, in the lumber industry. He remained there a year and a half and then paid his first visit to Duluth in 1903. After a short time he went to Cloquet and again found employment in the lumber business for three years. Slaving in the meantime made some great advances toward acquiring a knowledge of American ways and institutions, he took himself out of the ranks of wage workers and, moving from Cloquet to Superior, conducted a cigar store for six months. In 1906 he returned to Duluth and resumed the cigar business in that city for a year. Then, without any capital or experience whatsoever, Mr. Johnson opened a small repair shop, doing repair work and handling bicycles, motorcycles and automobiles. He first became interested in the distribution of the Maxwell cars, and after selling them a while was local representative for the Regal and Winton, and handled those well known makes until he took over the Cole Motor Car Company's line, of which he is the official representative at Duluth today.

Mr. Johnson gives most of his time to business and is also keenly interested in matters involving the welfare and prosperity of his home city. In politics he votes independently.

Fredkrkk W. .Xr.mstronc. came to Duluth from Chicago to give the benefit of his organizing ability and experience to the Duluth Builders L'xchange.

This is one of the important organizations among the business institutions of the city. It was organized .August 29. l'X)2, by George H. Lounsbury, II. D. Bullard. M. A. Thomson. E. G. WalHnder and J. F. Schleunes. The object of the Exchange is to stabilize building conditions in Duluth. affording an opportunity to the membership to figure on work in Duluth and adjacent territory. The Exchange has been in existence for eighteen years and has fully justified the expectation of its organizers.

Frederick W. Armstrong, who is secretary and treasurer of the Exchange, was born in Chicago November 9, 1891. His father, F. W. Armstrong, was a wholesale druggist in Chicago and died in 1902. He left four children, Frederick W., Paul L., Kenneth E. and Virginia I.

Frederick W. Armstrong was educated in the public schools of his native city and began his career in 1909 in the advertising department of the Chicago Examiner. He was there seven months, for three years was an accountant in the general offices of the Baltimore & Ohio Railway Company, and then for six years was connected with the Chicago Association of Commerce as an assistant manager. It was his thorough training with that great business organization that gave him special qualifications for his work to which he was called to Duluth on March 1, 1919. Mr. Armstrong is a member of the Commercial, Rotary, Kiwanis, Advertising and Boat Clubs of Duluth.

Hubert Hart d'Autremont is an attorney at law. Charles d'Autremont, Jr., his father, was born in Angelica, New York, on June 2, 1851, and was there reared and attended the common schools. He attended Cornell University, Columbia University and the Academy at Lausanne, Switzerland. He entered upon the active practice of law at Angelica and Elmira. New York, where he remained until 1882, when he came to Duluth, Minnesota, and engaged in the general practice of law and specialized in land office practice. His ability and integrity were recognized and appreciated by the people of his adopted state, and in 1884 he was elected county attorney of Saint Louis County. In 1886 he was the nominee of the Democratic party for attorney -general of the State of Minnesota, and in 1892 was elected mayor of Duluth, giving the city an efficient and progressive administration. He became one of the leading Democrats of the northwest, standing high in the councils of his

About 1894 Mr. d'Autremont became interested in the mining business in the Minnesota iron country and with his partner, James Sheridan, developed the Sheridan Mine, the d'Autremont Mine and the Foster Mine. Shortly after 1900 he became interested in mining in the southwest, Mexico and various parts of the west, and he was one of the original promoters of the Calumet & Arizona Mining Company and w^as a member of the Board of Directors from its inception until his death. The death of Mr. d'Autremont occurred at Angelica, New York, on the 25th day of July, 1919.

Charles d'Autremont was married in Elmira, New York, to Hattie Hart, the daughter of Erastus P. Hart, and to this union were born five children, all of whom are living, namely : Mrs. Antoinette d'Autremont Andresen, Louis Paul d'Autremont, Charles Maurice d'Autremont, Hubert Hart d'Autremont and Mrs. Marie d'Autremont Gerry.

Hubert Hart d'Autremont was born on the 19th day of February, 1889. in Duluth. Minnesota. He received his educational training in F'hillips Exeter Academy, Cornell University and Columbia University, fitting himself for the legal profession. He is a member of the bars of the states of New York, Minnesota and Arizona, and has practiced in those states, having been engaged in the general practice of law in Duluth since 1914. At times Mr. d'Autremont has taken an active part in Democratic politics, but has never held public office.

On January 19, 1919, at Duluth, he was married to Helen C. Congdon, the daughter of Chester A. Congdon, of Duluth, and they have two sons. Charles and Chester. At the outbreak of the hostilities between the United States and Germanv Mr. d'Autremont enlisted for service, was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Aviation Corps, and saw four months of active service in France. He received an honorable discharge on F'ebruary 21, 1919.

Lester Waldo Hayes. The career of Lester Waldo Hayes, of \'irginia, Minnesota, general superintendent of the Mesaba Railway, has been one in which the homely virtues of industry, fidelity and perseverance, combined with developing ability, have won the reward of well-merited success. Mr. Hayes was born at Odell. Illinois, April 26. 1871, seventh in a family of eight children, of whom four are living. His father, Nicholas Hayes, in early years a farmer and later a grain buyer, was born near Wheeling, West Virginia, and his mother, who bore the maiden name of Lucenthia Blake, was born in Vermont and was about the same age as her husband.

Lester Waldo Hayes attended the graded school at Odell until thirteen years of age. at which time he left home to go to the home of an uncle at Wahoo, Nebraska. There he worked on the nearby farms and ranches for about a year, subsequently returning to his Illinois home, where he was employed on his father's farm until fifteen years old. During the next year he served an apprenticeship to the blacksmith's trade, but gave this up to go to Chicago, where he was variously employed imtil 1888. In that year Mr. Hayes went to St. Louis and secured a position with the Missouri Street Railway Company as "hill boy." The duties of this position were to drive an extra horse down the hill and attach it to the cars in order that sufficient motive power might be applied to allow the car to "make the grade." At the end of a year he was promoted to track inspector on the Olive street cable line, a position which he filled satisfactorily for three years. In 1892 "he was made assistant cable splicer, resigning in about two years to become a conductor on the same road. In 1896 Mr. Hayes went again to Chicago, where he spent the winter at odd jobs, going in the spring to southern Missouri, where he remained occupied iti various ways until 1897.

He next entered the employ of the Cincinnati & Hamilton Electric Railway as assistant to the master mechanic, and in the fall of 1899 accepted a similar position with the Cincinnati, Lawrenceburg & Aurora Electric Railway, then under construction, which ran between Cincinnati, Harrison, Ohio, and Aurora. Indiana. His headquarters were at Cleves, and there he met Miss Ada Smith, with whom he was united in marriage May 29. 1902. Mrs. Hayes was born at Cleves. of American parentage. In January. 1905. Mr. Hayes took a position as assistant to the master mechanic of the Indianapolis & Northwestern Traction Company, which is now a part of the Terre Haute. Indianapolis & Eastern Traction Company, one of the largest individual electric systems in the L'nited States.

In January. 1907. Mr. Hayes accepted a position with the Galesburg ik Kewanee Electric Railway as master mechanic, and held that positioti until lune, 1907. then returning to the Indianapolis c^- Northwestern Traction Company as master of mechanics until 1915. He then came to the Range as master of mechanics for the Mesaba Railway, with iieadquarters at Virginia, and January 1. 1917. was promoted superintendent, succeeding R. \\'. Reynolds, who had entered the service of the (Government for the World war. His work in this position has been highly satisfactory, and he has tlu- full confidence and esteem of his superiors and fellow officials, and the esteem and good will of the men under his supervision.

Mr. and Mrs. Hayes have three children: Curtis L., born March 21, 1903; Irene L., born July 25, 1904; and Helen, who was born September 7, 1907 and died in 1909. During the World war Mr. Hayes was a member of the local Motor Corps. He belongs to the Rotary Club, North Bend Lodge No. 346, A. F. & A. M., and Virginia Lodge No. 1003, B. P. O. E. In political matters he supports the candidates and principles of the Republican party. He is a Protestant in his religious faith.

John Carl Brozich, who was born in northern Michigan and has spent his conscious years in the environment of the great mining district of northern Michigan and Minnesota, is one of the leading citizens of Aurora, where he is local superintendent of the Miller Mine.

He was born at Dollar Bay, Michigan, December 24, 1890, son of George and Catherine (Kobe) Brozich. His parents were both natives of Austria, where they were married. George Brozich came to America m 1885, his wife following him in 1888. He had worked in copper mills in Austria, and his familiarity with the copper industry led him to locate in northern Michigan, at Calumet, and later at Dollar Bay. For a number of years he followed the trade of carpenter, in 1892 moved to the Vermillion Range at Tower, and in 1893 went to Biwabik and later to Virginia, then spent another period at Biwabik, and in 1904 moved to Aurora. In 1906 he homesteaded land in Koochiching County and lived there, working his farm until his death in April, 1916, at the age of seventy-four. His widow survives him and spends part of her time at Ely and also with her son at Aurora. George Brozich did a great deal of work as a carpenter at the mines in northern Minnesota. "He located at Tower before a railroad had been built to that point. His family consisted of three sons and two daughters, three of whom are still living. The son George is now connected with the Ely State Bank. The only living daughter is Marie, wife of Jacob Jaksha, of Aurora.

John Carl Brozich spent his boyhood in the several localities of Minnesota above named and acquired most of his education in the grade schools at Biwabik and the high school at Ely. At the age of fifteen he began earning his living at work in one of the camps of the St. Croix Lumber Company. After about a year, in 1907, he took up a service which has been continuous, beginning as timekeeper for the Miller Mine at Aurora. His abilities secured his advancement to other responsibilities, and since 1910 he has been superintendent of that mine.

Always public spirited and active in his community, he served as village trustee in 1912-13. During the World war he was a top sergeant in the Home Guards organization and also a factor in promoting the success of the Red Cross and in securing the quota for the Liberty Loans. July 27, 1916, Mr. Brozich married Gladys Shriver, daughter of Charles W. Shriver. They are the parents of one daughter, Charlene.

Edward N. Nelson is the senior member in the firm of Nelson & Peterson, a partnership of long and successful standing as elevator men and manufacturers and jobbers in grain and stock feed. They have developed one of the largest businesses of the kind in the Duluth district.

Mr. Nelson, who has been in Duluth for nearly forty years, was born in Sweden November 17, 1859. In the old country he acquired a substantial education, and was twenty-three years of age when he came to America alone and located in Duluth in 1883. For seven years he was employed in different capacities and in different departments of the Consohdated Elevator Company, and while there laid the foundation of his expert knowledge of the grain industry. This was followed by three years of employment with the Duluth Imperial Mills. He unloaded all the wheat that came to the mills and also installed the first elevator in the mill.

About twenty-five years ago Mr. Nelson formed a partnership with Oscar Peterson under the firm name of Nelson & Peterson, and engaged in the flour and feed business at 1823 West Superior street. In 1896 they moved to 20th avenue and the Northern Pacific tracks in order to have better shipping facilities. In 1910 they took up their present quarters at 1902-08 West Michigan, where they have all the facilities for business, including the handling of all kinds of grain, and the grinding of feeds, and they are also dealers in garden and field seeds. They have equipment to deliver all orders and employ a large force of men and vehicles. Their elevator, built of solid concrete, has the appearance of a modern skyscraper and is one of the conspicuous landmarks in the city.

Mr. Nelson is a member of the Swedish Lutheran Church and a Republican voter. He married Miss Ida Johnson, and their children are : Mamie, Edgar, Ada, Esther, Ruth and Henry.

Walter Gustaf Zimmermann is recognized as one of the energetic and successful business men of Duluth, where for more than a decade he has served efficiently as contracting manager for the American Bridge Company. In the course of an honorable career he has been successful in his chosen vocation and has enjoyed the confidence and good will of those with whom he has been associated.

Walter Gustaf Zimmermann was born in Buffalo, New York, October 25, 1876. From that city the family moved to Chicago, and in the grade schools of the latter city he pursued his studies until 1889, when he went to Germany and in the high school at Koenigsberg studied until 1892. He then returned to his native land and entered the Harvard Preparatory School at Chicago, which he attended until 1894, when he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology at Boston, completing his studies there in 1898. After completing his education Mr. Zimmermann went to Chicago and established himself as a designer and estimator of structural steel work. In 1903 he became connected with the American Bridge Company as sales engineer in the contracting department, continuing in that line of work at Chicago until 1907, when he was sent to the South as contracting manager of the New Orleans and Atlanta contracting offices. In October, 1909, Mr. Zimmermann opened the Duluth office for the American Bridge Company and has been conducting the business of the company here ever since, being well qualified by both nature and training for the responsible duties of the position. The work of the American Bridge Company in Saint Louis County embraces the designing, fabrication and erection of structural steel work for buildings, bridges, docks, mine structures, etc., and they also handle forgings of all kinds for ship con.struction. mine equipment, etc. Notable among their contracts completed in this county are the following: All the buildings for the Minnesota Steel Company's rolling mills, benzol plant, coke plant, etc. ; the steel bridges for the Duluth. South Shore and .Atlantic, the Duluth, Missahe & Northern and Duluth ^K: Iron Range Railroads; ore dock and coal dock for the Duluth. Missabe & Northern Railroad; coal handling bridges and buildings for Zenith I'^urnace Company's plant at West Duluth ; ore crushing, screening and concentrating plants for the Oliver Iron Mining Company and Rogers-Brown Iron Company and several others on the Mesaba Range ; headf rames, hoisting engine houses, shop buildings and other mine structures for the majority of the mines on the Mesaba and Vermillion Iron Ranges, also a large variety of structures for the Calumet and Hecla and the Quincy Mining Companies in the upper Michigan copper country ; school buildings, public buildings, highway bridges, water towers and other steel structures of various descriptions. The American Bridge Company has operated in St. Louis County since 1900 and has always enjoyed a high reputation because of the uniformly high quality of the work performed by them.

On December 18, 1909, Mr. Zimmermann was married to Virginia B. Gambrell, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John M. Gambrell of Abbeville, South Carolina. Mrs. Zimmermann died on November 12, 1917. During her life she was actively interested in the Matinee Musicale and was a member and active worker in the Endion Methodist Episcopal Church. To Mr. and Mrs. Zimmermann were born two children, Elizabeth, on March 12, 1912, and Walter, Jr., January 4, 1915.

Mr. Zimmermann is a member of the Commercial Club, the Kitchi Gammi Club, the Northland Country Club, the Duluth Engineers Club, American Society of Civil Engineers, Citizens Alliance and the Technology Club of Lake Superior. He is also a member of the Sigma Chi college fraternity. He is a well-educated, symmetrically developed man and his technical knowledge of structural problems, especially as relating to the use of steel, has caused his long retention in a position where a high standard of excellence has been required. Because of his earnest life, high attainments, well rounded character and large influence, he is eminently entitled to representation in a work of the character of the one in hand.

Kenneth S. Cant was born October 1, 1889, in Duluth, Minnesota. He attended the Duluth grade schools and high school, and the Universities of Minnesota and Wisconsin. In 1912 he graduated from the law department of the University of Minnesota and was engaged with a Arm of attorneys in Minneapolis for a short time. During vacations, while attending school and college, he was employed in various capacities on surveying work and finally acquired a good practical knowledge thereof.

In 1913 he was called upon to serve the Canadian Northern Railroad Company in both a legal and engineering capacity, investigating the origin and extent of the great fires in northern Minnesota which in 1910 destroyed the villages of Spooner, Baudette and other places and caused the loss of many lives. He was also employed by the Government as engineer on the Indian Reservations in Minnesota for about one year. In 1914 he opened an office in Duluth for the purpose of dealing in real estate and has been engaged in this work ever since.

Mr. Cant was president of the Duluth Board of Realtors during the year 1918-1919 and director of the Commercial Club during the years 1919-1920. Besides the above mentioned, he is a member of the Kitchi Gammi Club, Ridgeview Golf Club and Kiwanis Club.

Frank Edward Johnson. The skill and experience of a thoroughly competent city engineer are absolutely necessary in every organized community to ensure safe, proper and satisfactory public utilities and certain important building structures, and to these qualities Virginia, Minnesota, is indebted to Frank Edward Johnson, city engineer, for adequate water and sewer system extension, and for almost her entire area of substantial paving. Mr. Johnson has been interested professionally in this section for twenty years and since 1913 has been city engineer of Virginia.

Frank Edward Johnson was born July 14, 1879, at Ishpeming, Michigan. His parents were John and Rosy (Raiskey) Johnson, the former of whom was born in Sweden and the latter in Germany. Their family consisted of one daughter and four sons, Frank Edward being the third born of the latter. John Johnson came to the United States when fifteen years old, became a citizen, engaged in merchandising during the greater part of his active life and commanded the respect and confidence of all who knew him.

In the grade schools at Ishpeming, Frank Edward Johnson was a studious and saatisfactory student, and while in the high school, from which he was graduated in 1898, was something of a leader in athletics. ?Iis first practical knowledge of engineering was secured when he went out during several summers with surveying crews, and after leaving school he went to Champion, Michigan, as assistant to the engineer and chemist at the Champion Mine. By this time his future career had been definitely determined, and he was here tutored in engineering by Professor Richard Ewing, superintendent of schools, and by the mine engineer, proving an apt pupil.

In 1900 Mr. Johnson came to the Mesaba Range as chief engineer for the Republic Iron and Steel Company, with headcjuarters at the Franklin Mine, and remained with that corporation in the same capacity for four years. He then retired in order to go into business for himself, founding the Virginia Engineering Company, with which he is still identified. This company does the larger part of engineering work, both civil and mechanical, over the entire eastern part of the Range. Ever since coming to Virginia Mr. Johnson has taken care of most of the engineering contracts, working at first by the day. as he could find the time, but in 1913 accepted the appointment of full time city engineer and has continued in office ever since.

Mr. Johnson was married October 19, 1904. to Miss Frances L. Parmelee, and they have four children : Edward O.. born November 20, 1907; Rosemary, born March 27, 1910; Francis P.. born March 17. 1912; and Margaret L., born October 8. 1917. Mr. Johnson and his family belong to the Presbyterian Church. In his ])olitical views he is a Republican. During the World war he was very active in patriotic work, was a member of the Motor Corps, and had charge of a district for each of the Liberty Loan drives, and since then has been equally patriotic in his attitude toward all public fjuestions. He is widely known professionally and is a member of the Engineers Club of northern Miniu'- sota. He belongs to Virginia Lodge, F. & A. M.. the Commandery at Eveleth and the Shrine at Duluth, and additionally is a member of Virginia Lodge No. 1003. Benevolent and Protective Carder of I'^Ik-;.

August W. Dkktz. it is a fortunate man who can look back over forty years and see so many evidences of substantial and durable work as can Mr. Deetz. the well-known contractor and manufacturer of roofing and sheet metal work in Duluth. Mr. Deetz. who has built up a large industrial organization known as the Deetz !^lieet Metal & Roofing Company, performed his first service at Duluth just forty years ago. ten years before coming to the city as a resident. In 1880 he came up from Minneapolis to cover with sheet iron the first elevator built in the bay, that being known as l^levatf)r B. The sheet iron is still on the building and is a fre(|uent reminder to Mr. Deetz ot his king association

Mr. Deetz was born in Germany April 27, 1858. In 1865, when he was seven years of age, his father, William Deetz, brought his family of five children to America and located in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, where he secured employment in a sash and door factory in the capacity of foreman. Later the establishment was enlarged to a general furniture factory, and Mr. Deetz continued in the industry until a few years before his death, in 1917.

The oldest in a family of five children, August W. Deetz grew up and attended school in Fond du Lac, and most of his early education was directed by a Lutheran minister. He also attended a night school. He was only fifteen when he started to earn his own living. He was employed as a gardener at wages of two dollars a week. When his employer one day sent him to buy a bundle of lath at a sash and door factory the foreman of the factory offered him a job, and he immediately abandoned gardening and went to work in the factory and stayed there about a year. After that he took up the sheet metal trade, and that has been the one line on which he has concentrated his energies and best efforts ever since. In 1877 Mr. Deetz went to Minneapolis and entered the service of a sheet metal contractor. It was three years later that he was sent up to Duluth, and ten years after that, in 1890, he came to the city again to take charge of the sheet metal work on the Union depot. When the depot was finished he bought a shop of his own and in 1892 established the business which has grown and is now known as the Deetz Sheet Metal & Roofing Company.

His first shop was on Fifth avenue, on the site of the Omaha Depot. During the two years he was there he secured a contract in association with others in Minneapolis for roofing and sheet metal work on the Court House, though he retained his shop in Duluth. His family had moved there from Indianapolis in 1892. From Fifth avenue. West, he moved his shop to First street, between First and Second avenues, West, and about two years later to a new building between Fourth and Fifth avenues. East, and Superior street. About 1909 he erected a factory and shop at 309 East Superior, and since 1917 has been located at 104 Garfield avenue, where he has all the facilities for general roofing and sheet metal work and maintains a large and expert organization, capable of handling such contracts as those for the Wolvin Building, Herald Building, Alworth Building, and others, and he has handled many out of town contracts, including those on the Cathedral and Chapel and Academy at St. Joseph, Minnesota. He has all the modern machinery for handling sheet metal work. His firm did nearly all of the sheet metal work in Cloquet since the fire, and still maintains a branch establishment there.

Mr. Deetz was formerly a republican in matters of politics. He is affiliated with the Elks order. At Minneapolis in 1878 he married Miss Mary M. Lauermann. whose father was Sheriff Lauermann. of Stearns County, and whose people came from Germany. Of the four children born to Mr. and Mrs. Deetz three are living, Edward W^, born in 1880; Ella, wife of Ed Palmer; and Roy W.. born in 1888. Both sons are graduates of the Duluth High School and are now actively associated with their father in business.

George H. Lohneis is a young man whose technical and executive ability has met with consistent recognition, as shown in his incumbency of the office of assistant superintendent for the Republic Iron & Steel

Duluth And St. Louis County 863

Company for the Virginia district of the Mesaba Range, his residence and official headquarters being maintained in the thriving httle city of Virginia.

George H. Lohneis was born at Sun Prairie, a village near the fair city of Madison, capital of the state of Wisconsin, and the date of his nativity was May 11, 1885. His father, George P. Lohneis, was born in Germany in the year 1856, and was a child at the time of the family immigration to the United States. He was reared and educated in Wisconsin and eventually became a prosperous merchant at Sun Prairie, that state, where he was engaged in the general merchandise business. George H. Lohneis is the eldest of their six children. The mother, whose maiden name was Emma Albrecht, was born at Leeds, Wisconsin, of German ancestry.

The public and parochial schools of his native village afforded to George H. Lohneis his early educational advantages, and there he was graduated in the high school as a member of the class of 1902. For three and one-half years thereafter he was a student in the civil engineering department of the great University of Wisconsin at Madison, besides which he there devoted one semester to study in the general engineering department. He became a member of the engineering society at the university and was also active in athletic affairs at the institution.

In March, 1906, Mr. Lohneis came to the Mesaba Range as assistant engineer for the Oliver Mining Company at Mountain Iron. In May, 1908, he was transferred to the operating department, as night foreman, and he retained this position until the closing of the mine at the end of the season of that year. He was then transferred to the Mesaba Mountain Mine at Virginia. In June, 1909, he went to the Pacific Coast in the capacity of locating engineer for the Oregon Trunk Railroad, and in January of the following year retired from this position and returned to Virginia, Minnesota, where he entered the employ of the Republic Iron & Steel Company for the Virginia district, of which he has been assistant superintendent since March, 1913. He was the first president of the village of Franklin, St. Louis County, a position which he retained two years, and thereafter he served two years as village clerk. He is a member of the village Board of Trustees at the time of this writing, in 1920.

In politics Mr. Lohneis is an independent Republican, and his religious faith is that of the Catholic Church. At Virginia he is affiliated with Virginia Council No. 1640, Knights of Columbus, and Virginia Lodge No. 1003, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. During the nation's participation in the World war he was a member of the Minnesota Motor Corps, and also gave aid in each of the drives in behalf of the local support of the Government loans with the exception of the first Liberty Loan.

At Virginia, on the 12th of January, 1911, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Lohneis to Miss Theresa Murphy, who was born at Iron Mountain, Michigan, of Scotch and Irish lineage. They have no children.

William White, who holds the responsible office of superintendent of the great Republic Iron & Steel Company for the Virginia district of the Mesaba Range, is a native of England, where he was born and reared in the celebrated mining district of Cornwall, and where he gained his initial experience in connection with the great industry in which he became a successful executive in the United States. He was born in Cornwall, England, on the 21st of August, 1851, and is a son of William and Hannah White. He received his early education in the schools of his native land, and at the age of twenty-one years he severed home ties and came to America. He passed about two years in the Dominion of Canada, and then, in 1874, came to the United States. After passing several months in the City of Detroit, Michigan, he proceeded to the copper-mining district on the Upper Peninsula of that state, where he continued to be employed as a mechanic at the mines until 1879. He then went to Isle Royal, where he remained about a year, during which he was employed as a mechanic and for a time as a workman in Island Mine. He passed the following winter at the Ouincy Mine, Houghton, Michigan, and in the spring of the following year returned to Isle Royal. In the fall he found employment at the Silver Island Mine, and here it was that he gained specially valuable experience in connection with technical and practical mining operations. Thereafter he worked at various mines in the upper country, including the Rabbit and Beaver Mines in Canada. In 1890 he came to the Mesaba Range in Minnesota, established his headquarters at Tower, St. Louis County, and engaged in exploring the Sheridan property, a work to which he gave his attention about two years. He then assumed work in the exploring and opening of the Sheridan Mine at McKinley, and after giving two years of eiTective service in this connection he became superintendent of the Cincinnati Mine at Biwabik. While at McKinley he sunk the exploration shaft of the Hercules Mine. Upon leaving the Cincinnati Mine he became mining captain at the Si)ruce Mine, and later was made superintendent of the Roberts Mine at McKinley. Within these years Mr. White had done a large amount of exploring along the Range, and had become an authority in his field of service. From the Roberts Mine he went to Buhl to open the Grant Mine. He removed the timber, stripped it and sunk a shaft. W^ith Henry Roberts he took the contract to remove from this mine 5vS,000 tons of ore. His next service was as superintendent of the Meadow Mine at Aurora, and later he assumed a similar position at the Fowler Mine. In 1905 Mr. White was made superintendent of the Virginia Mines of the Republic Iron & Steel Company, and in this office he has made an admirable record of service, the while he holds place as one of the representative figures in mining affairs on the great Mesaba Range. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and in politics accords allegiance to the Republican party. Captain W'hite, as he is familiarly known, has a host of friends throughout the Mesaba Range region, is one of its pioneers, and his popularity is not the less by reason of his remaining a bachelor.

Robert W. Hotciikiss. Among the alert and enterprising men who have utilized the opportunities ofifered for business preference at Duluth during recent years and have gained thereby gratifying success is Robert W. Hotchkiss, manager of the Duluth office of the Wells-Dickey Company, handling trusts and estates and doing a general banking business. Mr. Hotchkiss was born July 14, 1889, at Des Moines, Iowa, and is a son of W'. A. Hotchkiss.

W. A. Hotchkiss was born in Connecticut, whence he went west in young manhood, and in 1902 came to Minnesota and engaged in the mortgage loan business with the Minnesota Title, Insurance and Trust Company. Later he was with the Wells-Dickey Company, and at the present time is identified with the Hennepin Mortgage Company and resides at Orchard Gardens, south of Minneapolis, aged about sixtythree years. The only child of his parents, Robert W. Hotchkiss received his early education in the public schools of Des Moines and

Duluth And St. Louis County 865

Minneapolis, and after his graduation from the Central High School in the latter city entered the University of Minnesota, being a member of the graduating class of 1912, when he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts. At the time of his graduation he entered the Wells-Dickey Company as general office man in the Minneapolis office, and subsequently worked from that office as a salesman on the road. He was thus engaged when his career was temporarily interrupted by the entrance of the United States in the World war. He was commissioned at Fort Snelling as a captain of infantry and was stationed for ten months at Camp Dodge, and was then company commander in the 163rd Depot Brigade and later commanding officer of the S. A. T. C. unit at South Dakota State College, Brookings. After twenty-one months of faithful service he received his honorable discharge February 3, 1919, and returned to Minneapolis, and February 24th of the same year came to Duluth to establish a branch office for the Wells-Dickey Company, of which he has since been manager.

This firm was originally established at Jamestown, North Dakota, in 1878, by E. P. Wells, who still remains president of the company. The Jamestown interests were sold to the Minneapolis branch early in the present century and the company is now operating with a paid-in capital of $1,300,000, being engaged in the business of purchasing and selling farm mortgages, farm land bonds, high grade corporation bonds, and are original purchasers of high-grade municipal bonds in the northwestern states. This companv is also affiliated with the Wells-Dickey Trust Company, with a capital of $500,000 organized under the banking laws of the state of Minnesota to handle trusts and estates and also to conduct a general banking business.

Mr. Hotchkiss is a member of the Commercial Club, Kitchi Gammi Club, Longview Tennis Club. Delta Upsilon fraternity and David Wisted Post of the American Legion. He belongs to no fraternal secret societies. On May 18. 1918, he was united in marriage at Des Moines, Iowa, to Miss Evelyn Dissmore, a daughter of George A. Dissmore of that city. She was educated in the public schools of Des Moines and received a musical education in New York and Chicago. Mrs. Hotchkiss, who is an a^ccomplished pianist and has also done some very highly creditable work in musical composition, takes an intelligent and helpful interest in musical matters at Duluth as a member of the Matinee Musical.

St.wlev Adkins is one of the prominent educators of the Iron Range country. I^^or the past six years, except while in the army, he was suj)CTintendent of the Aurora schools. District No. 13, of St. Louis County.

lie was born at Circleville, Pickaway County, Ohio, Sej^tembcr 15, 1886. son of B. and Louise (Fissel) Adkins. the former a native of Maryland and the latter of Pennsylvania. They were married in Ohio and the mother is still living at the age of eighty. The father, who died in ( )ctober, PM7. at the age of eighty-six, was a surveyor and farmer, and he also studied medicine in the .Starling Medical College at Columbus. He never practiced this profession. .Stanley is the youngest in a family of nine sons and four daughters, all of whom are living.

I lis brother DiWitt. just older than he. is also well known in northern Minnesota. A graduate of ( )hio State University, he came to the Range coimtry in ilu' lapacity of an educator, was princijial of schools at ICly one year, and tlu-n superintendent of schools at .Aurora for three years. During his administration the llearding atid Johnson schools were built, lie resigned his ottici' to enter the Harvard I'niversity Law

School, and at the end of two years left to join the First Officers Training School at Camp Benjamin Harrison, Indianapolis. He was commissioned a first Heutenant and later promoted to captain, and was an army instructor until the close of the war. He then returned to Harvard and finished his law course, and returning to Minnesota became a partner in the firm of Washburn, Bailey & Mitchell at Duluth. He practiced law a year, and then was superintendent of schools at Biwabik until he returned to Washburn, Bailey & Mitchell August 1, 1921.

Stanley Adkins is also a graduate of Ohio State University and did post graduate work there and later took advanced courses in Columbia University, New York. He began his career as a teacher in the country districts of Ohio, and was formerly principal of schools at London in that state. Then, coming to Minnesota, he served as principal of the the high school at Ely on the Range for two years, one year as superintendent at Blue Earth, Minnesota, and then succeeded his brother as superintendent at Aurora. He has done much to improve the schools and stimulate the interest of the patrons in maintaining the school system at the highest state of efficiency. He now has general supervision over the construction of a high school, which is to be equal in equipment and facilities to any high school in the state.

In September, 1917, Mr. Adkins, having secured leave of absence from his duties at Aurora, enlisted as a private, was trained at Camp Dodge. Iowa, served as drill sergeant and mess sergeant and later completed his training in the Third Officers Training School and was commissioned a lieutenant. He was on duty at Camp Pike, Arkansas, and Camp McArthur, Texas, also at Camp Perry and Camp Sherman, Ohio, until honorably discharged in December, 1918. He has always been interested in athletics, and after being commissioned lieutenant was instructor of athletics in the army camp. Mr. Adkins resumed his duties as superintendent of schools at Aurora in January, 1919.

B. H. Ober. Improvement and progress may well be said to form the keynotes to the character of B. H. Ober, a well-known business man of Duluth and one of the community's representative citizens, for he has not only been interested in the advancement of his individual afifairs, but his influence is felt in the upbuilding of the community which he honors by his citizenship. The prosperity which he enjoys is the result of energy rightly applied and has been won by commendable qualities.

B. H. Ober is a Yankee by nativity, having been born in the State of Maine on the 31st day of March, 1849, the oldest of three children who were born to his parents. The father, W^illiam Ober, was for many years a noted sea captain and a man of high character and strong moral fiber. B. H. Ober received his educational training in the common schools and a seminary in his native state. He remained at home until the age of eighteen years, when, following Horace Greeley's advice, he started west. He first located in the City of Chicago, afterward moving to Galva, Illinois, where under the firm name of Butters & Ober he was engaged in the agricultural implement business for a period of about twenty years. In 1887 he went to Kansas, where he spent some years, moving then to Minnesota, where he became connected with C. G. Wentworth & Company. In 1893 he came to Duluth and organized a company under the title of Ober-Cash Company, the company being a close partnership, owned by Mr. Ober and Mr. J. L. Cash, which title was two years later merged into that of the American Heating Company, by which name it is still known. The present officers of this company are : P. J. Ekstrand, president; J. L. Cash, vice president; and B. H. Ober, secretary and treasurer. These gentlemen are heating and ventilating engineers who have as a firm gained a high reputation throughout this community because of the high quality of the work performed by them and the eminently satisfactory manner in which they have completed all their contracts. They have had a large share of the business in their line here and have thus contributed in a very definite way to the progress of the city. In addition to the Duluth business, which is located at No. 228 West Michigan street, they have a branch establishment in Superior, Wisconsin, where also they have been very successful.

Mr. Ober is an earnest supporter of the Republican party. In 1873 he was married to Lucy M. Lowe, whose parents were originally from the State of Kentucky, but became early settlers of Nashville, Illinois. To Mr. and Mrs. Ober have been born seven children, of whom four are now living. Ray E., who is a mining engineer, during the war was a member of the Federal Board and conducted a school in New York City for the disabled soldiers. Nellie M. is the wife of Herbert Blair. Mary L. is librarian for the City National Bank of New York City. Dr. F. L. Ober, a veterinarian, is practicing his profession in Duluth. Mr. Ober has enjoyed a large acquaintance among people. Being public spirited and identified with the common interests in various capacities and by proving himself competent and trustworthy he has become one of the leading citizens of this community, enjoying to a marked degree the confidence and esteem of all who know him. During the war he was a member of the Federal Board for taking care of the education of disabled soldiers.

John E. Lundmark. A third of a century ago when Mr. Lundmark came to Duluth he had neither the capital nor other means of establishing himself with prestige in the community and was satisfied to work along faithfully and steadily in a minor sphere until he could engage in business for himself. For the last twenty years he has been one of Duluth's able and successful merchants and his name and his enterprise are favorably known all over the city.