Duluth Township (part 13 of 15)

He was born in Sweden May 5, 1867. He was twenty years of age, possessed a good education gained in Swedish schools and some knowledge of business, when he arrived at Duluth April 26, 1887. He soon afterward entered the service of Adam Kirst. a local grocery merchant, as bookkeeper and clerk, and remained with that old-time merchant for thirteen years. He then used his capital and his established credit to buy out his employer, and with Charles I'^-anson as partner continued the business under the name Lundmark-Franson Company. In 1911 the firm disposed of their stock of groceries and during the following year operated a real estate business. The partnership was then dissolved and Mr. Lundmark resumed the grocery trade in association with D. W. Olson, under the firm name of Lundmark-Olson Company. The business has been very successfully continued, and besides a large grocery establishment they operate a bakery and inaiuifacture immense quantities of bread, cakes and pastry that finds ready sale and distribution all over Duluth and surrounding territory.

Mr. Lundmark is a member of the Christian Science Church and is an independent voter. He is a member of the Lodge, Royal .Vrch Chapter and Knights Templar Commandery in Masonry and also the Eastern Star. In May, 1897. he married Miss Christine M. Hellstrom, who passed away in Duluth on the 9th of August, 1909. In September. 191.^ Mr. Lundmark married lluldah A. Olson, a native of Cokato, Minnesota,

Alexander T. Gordon^ whose exceptional technical ability comes into effective play in his tenure of the position of chief chemist for the Oliver Mining Company in the Virginia district of the Mesaba Range, has the unusual distinction of having been born at Sealkote, India, the date of his nativity having been December 28, 1868. He was a boy at the time of his parents' return to the United States, and his preliminary education was for one year a student in the University of Indiana. In 1891-2 he was graduated from the high school at Cedar Rapids, and thereafter he was for one year a student in the University of Indiana. In 1891-2 he attended Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and then returned to the University of Indiana, in which institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1894 and with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He was entrusted in athletic afifairs at the university, where he was a member of the tennis club, and he was a member of the Independent Literary Society of the university. After his graduation he became teacher of science in the high school at Decatur, Illinois, and in the autumn of 1895 went to the City of Chicago and assumed the position of chejiiist in the employ of the Illinois Steel Company. With this great corporation he continued his service until June, 1897, and during the fall quarter of 1896 he took post-graduate work in chemistry at the Liniversity of Chicago. From 1897 until 1900 Mr. Gordon held the office of chief chemist of the De Soto Iron Mining Company at Mansfield, Michigan, and on the 30th of April, 1900, he entered the employ of the Oliver Iron Mining Company at Mountain Iron, Minnesota. He was immediately assigned to the company laboratory at Virginia, where he had charge of the work, the chief chemist having maintained headquarters at Mountain Iron. In June, 1900, Mr. Gordon was transferred to Mountain Iron and placed in complete charge of the company's laboratory work for the \^irginia district. He remained at that place until 1909. when he removed his headquarters to Virginia, where he has since continued his efficient and valued service as chief chemist for this important industrial corporation of the Mesaba mineral range.

Mr. Gordon is a member of the American Chemical Society. In politics he is a Republican, and he and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian Church. \\'hile residing at Mountain Iron he served seven years as clerk of the Board of Education, two years as village assessor and five years as township clerk. At the time of the World v.-ar he tendered his services to the Government through the medium of the American Chemical Society. His son Edward, who was then a student at McAllister College in the City of St. Paul, became a member of the Student Officers Training Corps at that institution, but was not called into active service in the United States Army.

In June, 1898, was recorded the marriage of Mr. Gordon to Miss Harriet Grossman, and she passed to the life eternal on the 30th of July, 1906. She is survived by two children - Edward D. and Miriam E. On the 16th of March, 1910, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Gordon to Miss Clara L. Johnson, who was born at Fergus Falls, Minnesota, and the one child of this union is a son. James R.

James W. Gordon, father of the subject of this review, was born at Putnam. New York, in 1830, and was engaged in the glove business in the State of New York. Later he was for five years in charge of industrial school work in India and it was within this period that his son Alexander T. was born. Upon his return to America he purchased a farm in Linn County, Iowa, near Cedar Rapids, and there he continued his successful activities as an agriculturist for many years. He and his wife now maintain their residence near Schenectady and are venerable in years. Mrs. Gordon, who maiden name was Eleanor J. Dougall, was born near Johnstown, New York, in 1838, and both she and her husband are of staunch Scotch lineage. Of their four children Alexander T. of this sketch is the youngest.

James Stickney is giving a vigorous and effective administration in the office of chief of the fire department of the thriving little city of Virginia, and has brought the service of his department up to a high standard of efficiency.

Chief Stickney was born in the city of Marquette, Michigan, April 13, 1872, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (McGinnis) Stickney, the for- -mer of whom was born in Germany and the latter in the Province of Ontario, Canada, where her parents established their home upon emigration from their native Ireland and whence they came to the United States when their daughter Elizabeth was eleven years of age. John Stickney was a child of three years at the time of the family immigration to America, and his parents settled on a farm in Iowa, as pioneers of that state. There he was reared to the age of seventeen years, when he went to Michigan and identified himself with lumbering operations, to which he has there continued to devote his attention to the present time. He and his wife now maintain their home at Marquette^ that state, and of their eleven children the subject of this review was the second in order of birth.

James Stickney gained his rudimentary education in a district school near Marquette, Michigan, and when fourteen years of age began working with his father in the capacity of a teamster in a lumber camp. He thus continued his association with the lumbering industry on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan until he was twenty -two years of age, his experience having involved work in the lumber woods during the winter seasons and in the saw mills during the intervening summers. At the age of twenty-two years he went to the city of Chicago and there he was employed two years as clerk in a grocery store. The next seven months found him in service as collector for the A. O. Novander Monument Company of Chicago, and he then returned to northern Michigan and entered the emplov of William Shaver, a contractor and builder at Ishpeming. In 1901 he came to X'irginia, Minnesota, and as foreman for his employer, Mr. Shaver, was associated with extensive building operations along the Range - principally in the execution of work for mining companies. In 1904 he engaged in independent business as a carpenter and contractor and with this line of enterprise he continued his successful association until he was appointed assistant chief of the \irginia fire department in 1907. In 1904 he had become a member of the old volunteer fire department, in which after the first year he served as assistant chief. On the 1st of October. 1907, when the service was reorganized as a paid fire department, Mr. Stickney was continued as assistant chief, of which position he continued the incumbent until May 4. 1913, when he was advanced to his present office - that of chief of the department. In politics Chief Stickney is a Democrat, with independent proclivities in local affairs, and he and his wife are communicants of the Catholic (Hiurch. During the nation's participation in the W'orUl war he was a member of the committee that had charge of the various war drives in Virginia, and was otherwise active and patriotic in the furtherance of the Governmental war jmlicies. He is affiliated with the Knights of

Columbus, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Loyal Order of Moose, and in the Range district his circle .of friends is limited only by that of his acquaintances.

On the 17th of August, 1898, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Stickney to Miss Hattie Beaulieu, who was born in the State of Vermont, of French ancestry, and of this gracious union have been born nine children - Bernard J., Rolland J., Alice L, Maurice E., Natalie M., Lawrence V., Adrian A., Frederick L., and Edith M. All of the children are living. The oldest son, Bernard J., was eighteen years of age when he entered the nation's service in the late World war, in which connection he became a wagoner with the Twenty-ninth Engineers. He was with his command on four different military fronts in France, where his service thus continued three and one-half months. Since his return home and reception of his honorable discharge he has served efficiently as truck driver for the Virginia lire department. Rolland J., the second son, enlisted in the United States Navy, when he was seventeen years of age, and after receiving six months of training at the Great Lakes Naval Station near Chicago was sent to the Atlantic coast, whence he later accompanied his command and vessel to the Pacific Coast, where he continued in active service with the naval fleet at the time of this writing, in the autumn of 1920.

Herbert R. Spencer was born at Lenox, Ohio, January 31, 1856, a son of William Churchill and Julia (Dutton) Spencer. His father was a native of East Haddam, Connecticut, whence he moved to the Western Reserve, in the northeastern part of Ohio, in the early days of the settlement of the Buckeye State, remaining there until his death. Herbert R. Spencer was educated in the common schools of Ohio, also attending the Grand River Institute at Austinburg, Ohio, where he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science. He then entered the legal department of the University of Michigan, and after completing his studies there was admitted to the bar. He began the practice of law at Canton, Ohio, in the spring of 1880, remaining there seven years. In 1887 he came to Duluth, Minnesota, and has continuously been engaged in the practice of his profession since that time. When he first located here he was associated in practice with his nephew, W. W. Sanford, under the firm name of Spencer & Sanford, which partnership lasted a number of years. After that he took his son, Roger W. Spencer, into partnership with him, under the firm name of Spencer & Spencer, which relation is still maintained. The senior Mr. Spencer has engaged in general practice, though he pays more particular attention to corporation, marine and mining law. Years of conscientious work have brought with them not only increase of practice and reputation, but also that growth in legal knowledge and that wide and accurate judgment, the possession of which constitutes marked excellence in the profession.

On September 30, 1884, Mr. Spencer was married to Jessie Lee, a daughter of Dr. Eben Bradford Lee of Garrettsville, Ohio, though the family was originally from Massachusetts. Mrs. Spencer was educated in the public schools of Ohio and at Oberlin College, where she was graduated in 1884. To this union have been born four children, namely: Herbert Lee, born at Canton, Ohio, December 2, 1886; Roger W., born at Duluth, Minnesota, November 30, 1889; Eben Selden, born at Duluth, February 1, 1891, and Gerard, born at Duluth, October 28. 1898. The oldest son was educated at the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, and is now an officer in the United States Navy ; the second son also attended the Naval Academy and is an officer in the navy ; the third son was educated in the public schools of Duluth and at Williams College, and was a lieutenant of artillery during the World war, his two older brothers also serving during that great struggle; the fourth son was educated in the public schools of Duluth and at Andover Academy. Politically Mr. Spencer is an earnest supporter of the Republican party. He served one term as president of the Duluth City Council and was in the State Senate in 1895-97. He belongs to the Free and Accepted Masons, in which he has been honored by the conferring of the thirty-second degree. Religiously his faith is that of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

William Lundy Jackson is among the favorably known and representative citizens of Duluth and Saint Louis County, in which he has spent the major portion of his life. He has by his indomitable enterprise and progressive methods, contributed in a material way to the advancement of his locality, and during the course of an honorable career has met with splendid success as a real estate dealer, being a man of energy, sound judgment and honesty of purpose.

William Lundy Jackson was born on the first day of January, 1852, in the county of Norfolk, Ontario, Canada, and is the son of Joseph Jackson, who is now deceased. The father spent his early life in Ontario, where he was engaged in lumbering operations and became a man of considerable prominence and influence in his community. He was a member of the Commons for four years and later, until his death, he served as sheriff of Norfolk County. He died in 1909, secure in the confidence and regard of his fellow citizens. By his first marriage he was the father of six children, five daughters and a son, William Lundy being the first born of the children. William L. Jackson completed his general studies in the grammar school of his home community and took a commercial course in a business college. He then became connected with his father in the lumber business, remaining with him until early in 1884, when he came to Duluth and engaged in the dry goods business, which claimed his attention for two years. He was next engaged in the real estate business until 1904, when he was appointed city assessor of Duluth, which office- he held for four years, and at the end of that period he again entered the real estate business, with which he has been identified ever since. He has been interested in the selling of residence properties, vacant lots and farm lands, and in the placing of loans and insurance. By his energy and strict attention to business he has built up a large and representative clientele and is considered one of the most accurate and reliable real estate men in his comnnmity.

Mr. Jackson has been married twice, first on October 1, 1879. to which marriage were born two children, a son and a daughter, who now live in Tonawanda, New York. On October 19, 1902, in Port Rown, Ontario, Mr. Jackson was married to Mary E. Francis. Politically he has long been an ardent supporter of the Democratic ])arty and has taken a deep interest in public affairs, especially as pertaining to the locality in which he lives. His religious membership is with the First Presbyterian Church, of which he was an elder. In all that constitutes true manhood and good citizenship Mr. Jackson is an exam])le. his career having been characterized by duty faithfully performed and by industry, thrift and wisely directed efforts. He is a public spirited, unassuming, genteel gentleman whom to know is to respect and admire.

and effort on the part of Mr. Andren. When he started in business at Duluth he was first in his fine of merchandise in the west end section of the city, and is not only one of the oldest merchants but one of the most esteemed citizens of that portion of Duluth.

Mr. Andren was born in Sweden December 7, 1861, and grew up and received a good education in his native land and was thoroughly trained to the responsibilities of work and service. He came alone to America in 1886. and first located at Champion, Michigan, where he was employed as clerk in a general store for seven years. In 1893 he came to Duluth, and at once engaged in the paint and wallpaper business at 1827 West Superior street. He was at that one locality for fifteen years, and then moved to his present location at 12 North Nineteenth avenue, West. He handles all materials and supplies required in painting and decorating, and his business is one of the most appreciated institutions in the west end.

Mr. Andren is a member of the Lutheran Church and a Republican in politics. On August 24, 1896, he married Miss Anna Horngren. They have an adopted child.

Frank P. Keating, a leader and broker in timber and farm lands, with offices in the First National Bank Building of Duluth. has been identified with this region of northern Minnesota for over a quarter of a century. He learned the lumber industry in the old days of the blazed trail, and for many years has been an expert cruiser and knows the business from practical field operations.

Mr. Keating was born in the state of New York March 14, 1856. His father, Patrick Keating, was a native of Ireland, lived for several years in New York and then came west to Berlin. W^isconsin. He was a lumber grader, an occupation he followed for the greater part of his life. He lived at Berlin for about ten years, and then moved to Medford and later to Superior, Wisconsin, where he lived until his death in 1898.

Frank P. Keating, fifth in a family of nine children, was educated in the public schools of Medford, Wisconsin, and when he was only fifteen years of age was doing regular work in a shingle mill. Later he entered railroading, and was a conductor on freight and passenger trains for about fourteen years. He then returned to the lumber business as a cruiser, and in that capacity has explored and examined nearly all the extensive tracts of white pine in both Wisconsin and Minnesota, and for himself and others has handled some extensive timber deals and has also helped colonize and develop a large amount of cutover land.

Mr. Keating came to Duluth September 12. 1894, and therefore has more than a quarter of a century of residence at the Head of the Lakes. In 1894 he w^as one of the men conspicuous in the Northern Pacific Railroad land grant fight, and helped win that case. Others associated with him in this contest was Capt. W. H. Smallwood. L. C. Harris, C. P. McGinnis, John McGinnis and Philip Seymour.

Mr. Keating was married at Sheboygan, W' isconsin, and he and his wife have a family of children named Maria, Raymond. Julian. Catherine, Edward, Kenneth and Frances J.

Arthur Eklund. All of the towns and cities of the Mesaba Range have experienced a healthy growth as this remarkable country has been developed, and it is an advancement which is stable because the industry upon which it is founded is a lasting one. Some very reliable men have been attracted to this region aside from those directly interested in the development of the Range, and one of them is Arthur Eklund, one of the leading grocer and meat merchants of Proctor. Mr. Eklund was born in Sweden September 18, 1882, a son of Albin Anderson Eklund. In 1883 Arthur Eklund was brought to the United States by his parents, his father locating at Spring Lake, Michigan, and embarking in a sawmill business which would have developed into large proportions had he not died in 1884, leaving two sons, Arthur and his brother Albert. The widowed mother took her sons to Muskegon, Michigan, and there Arthur Eklund was reared and given a public school education till nine years of age when his mother took him to Sweden, but at the age of eighteen he returned to Duluth.

After completing his schooldays Mr. Eklund came to St. Louis County, Minnesota, and for some years was engaged in a sawmill, but then moved to Duluth and was employed in a grocery and meat business for three vears. In 1908 he moved to Proctor and opened his present grocery and meat market, and has since been occupied in conducting this business. His stock is a large and varied one, and he takes a pride in keeping everything thoroughly up-to-date. His trade is a valuable one. many of his customers having remained with him since he first opened up for business. In addition to his store and meat market he has other interests, and among other things is vice president of the Mesaba National Bank ')f Proctor.

Social by nature. Mr. Eklund has connected himself with a number of fraternal and benevolent organizations, and among others maintains membership with the Independent Order of Odd Eellows. Loyal Order of Moose and Royal League, and is very popular in all of them. (Connecting himself with the Lutheran Church when young, he has always continued his membership in it, and is one of the valued members of the local congregation of that denomination. Mr. Eklund always votes independently. Since coming to Proctor he has been interested in the progress of the community, and has borne his part in all of the civic movements of value, and is recognized as one of the dependable men of the city and St. Louis County.

William E. V.w. To do any one thing well is to advance far on the road that leads to ultimate success. It matters but little in what line a man directs his abilities, but it is important that he gives his whole attention to making the best of his opportunities and securing his fair share of business. These are truths early recognized by William E. Pay. one of the dependable merchants of Proctor, and acting in accordance with them he has built up a large and flourishing mercantile establishmeiU which is a credit to his section of St. Louis Countv.

William E. Fay was born at Saint Peter. Minnesota. January 1, 1883. a son of Peter Fay. a native of Ireland, who upon coming to the I'nited States became a farmer, and for a number of years prior to his death, which occurred in 1903. was a highly respected agriculturalist of St. Louis County. He and his wife had a family of seven sons and two daughters, all of whom are living, and of them all William E. Vny was the eighth iti order of birth.

After being a student of the public schools of Saint Peter William E. Fay took a two-vears' collegiate course, and then was employed in thiwholesale hardware trade at Sioux City. Iowa, and continued in it a year. Then for a time he was in a cigar business at Duluth. Minnesotjj. but it uas not until he came to Proctor and embarked in his present business that he felt that he had found the line of business in which he could give expression to his ideas and capabilities, and since then has fully justified his action in taking the steps he did. Mr. I'ay carries a full and complete line of dry goods, shoes and men's furnishings, and his trade is a large one and comes to him from Proctor and a wide territory contiguous to it.

Reared a Catholic, he has given the support of his mature judgment to and is a true son of the Church. He belongs to the Knights of Columbus and the Loyal Order of Moose. In politics he is a Democrat. Not only does Mr. Fay conduct his business according to methods which reflect credit on his ability, but he also gives to the best movements of his community an unqualified support, and is correctly numbered among the worth-while men of St. Louis County.

Bridgeman-Russell Company. The Bridgeman-Russell Company has Duluth as its headquarters and is a produce and dairy products enterprise involving the handling, distribution and marketing of products from the entire northwestern territory tributary to Duluth. The company has the distinction of being the largest manufacturers of butter in the northwest.

The senior member of the company, Henry Bridgeman, engaged in a modest business in Duluth October 1, 1888, under the style of Bridgeman & McGibbon. About one year later Mr. McGibbon was succeeded by Mr. Robert A. Peers, the firm name being changed to Bridgeman & Peers, On April 1, 1892. Mr. Peers was succeeded by Mr. N. F. Russell, the firm name being changed to Bridgeman & Russell. This partnership was continued until April 1, 1903, when the company was incorporated under the name of Bridgeman-Russell Company, with a capitalization of $100,- 000. The capitalization in 1907 was increased to $250,000, and in 1920 to $1,000,000.

The company is large manufacturers of butter and ice cream, condensers of milk, and dealers and distributors of butter, eggs, cheese, poultry, ice cream, milk and cream. They operate eight large creameries in Minnesota, North and South Dakota, Wisconsin and Michigan, and altogether have about six hundred employes at the different plants. Their business involves the services of several hundred agents and buyers of produce in the above states. They sell and distribute butter and eggs from coast to coast, shipping large quantities of such supplies as far as New England. They do a large business in Duluth, including a complete milk distribution service with daily delivery of pasteurized bottled milk and cream. In 1917 the company completed their new building at 1110- 1122 West Michigan street, conceded by experts to be the finest dairy product plant in the United States. This building is seven stories high, nearly one block wide and approximately one-half block deep. This building is equipped with the most modern and up-to-date equipment obtainable from an efficiency and sanitary standpoint in the handling of dairy products.

the official personnel of the Bridgeman-Russell Company today is: Henry Bridgeman, president : N. F. Russell, vice president ; Mark Baldwin, vice president; B. M. Ruse, treasurer and general manager; and H. O. Ahl, secretary.

Albert H. Comstock for a quarter of a century has been actively identified with a great Duluth business, which under the title Marshall- Wells Company has a commercial prestige extending all over the northwest and Canada as wholesalers, manufacturers and importers of machinery, hardware and a large variety of other essential equipment and supplies.

Duluth And St. Louis County 875

Mr. Comstock was born at Pontiac, Oakland County, Michigan, February 22, 1847, a son of Elkanah B. and Eliza (Holden) Comstock. His father was a native of Connecticut and his mother of central New York. Elkanah Comstock spent some of his early years selling goods in Michigan and California, but for many years was a well known banker at Pontiac, Michigan, where he died in 1889. He was one of the early members of the Republican party which was first organized in Michigan and a Presbyterian in religious affiliations. In the family of four sons and one daughter Albert was the fourth in age, and he and a brother are now the only survivors.

The public schools of Michigan afforded him his early preparation for life, and as a boy he was employed in his father's bank, gaining a thorough business and financial training. Later he entered a bank at Saginaw, Michigan, as assistant cashier until elected cashier.

The senior partner of Marshall-Wells Company, A. M. Marshall, was also a former Saginaw business man and citizen, and when Mr. Comstock came to Duluth January 1, 1895, it was to engage in the wholesale hardware business with Mr. Marshall. Mr. Comstock is now first vice president and a director of the Marshall-Wells Company. A. M. Marshall is now chairman of the board, while Seth Marshall is president and other officers besides Mr. Comstock are W. P. Mars and J. W. Walker, vice presidents; H. A. Sedgwick, treasurer; W. F. Arndt and W. H. McVay, assistant treasurers; C. M. Rice, secretary, and C. P. Grady, assistant secretary. A more complete story of this great Duluth business is told on other pages.

Mr. Comstock attends the Episcopal Church and is a member of the Republican party. January 25, 1875, he married Miss Elizabeth Hadley, of Pontiac, Michigan. Their only child. Marguerite, is the wife of Charles W. Andrews of Duluth.

B. A. Palmer, chief of police of Proctor, is one of the courageous and capable men of St. Louis County, engaged in maintaining law and order, and through his thoroughness and efficiency this region is noted for its law-abiding citizens. He was born at Bay City, Michigan, April 10, 1876, a son of Dr. Thomas Palmer, a native of Canada, born near Quebec. Some years ago Doctor Palmer came to the United States, and locating at Standish, Michigan, made that vicinity his home until his death in 1919, and there built up a large practice. He had eight children, of whom Chief Palmer is the youngest.

Until he was eighteen years old, B. A. Palmer attended the public schools of his native city, and then for three years was engaged in agricultural work. With the declaration of war with Spain, in 1898, he enlisted as a private at Alpena, Michigan, and his regiment was sent to Atlanta. Georgia, but before he reached the front, peace was declared. Mr. Palmer returned to Michigan, and was engaged in the lumber business at Millersburg. Michigan, transferring his operations to Duluth, Minnesota, later on, and in 1906 formed connections with a mining company at Hibbing, Minnesota, which he maintained until the big strike of the miners of that region, and he returned to Duluth. and became a member of the police force of that city. After eighteen months of service, he was transferred to Oliver, Wisconsin, and made chief of the police department for a time. Once more he went back to Duluth and was on its police force for eighteen months more when in 1914 he was made chief of police of Proctor, and still holds that important office. During the time he has been in office he has made over two hundred important arrests, and has been instrumental in suppressing a large amount of crime, and his name carries weight for criminals realize that he is utterly fearless and determined to keep his city free from their viciousness. The jail, in which his office is located, is a modern structure, containing five cell rooms, and has a capacity for seventy-five persons.

Mr. Palmer was married in 1912 at Bay City, Michigan, to Miss Anna Copman. His fraternal connections are those he maintains with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

Attilio Castigliano. While people of Italian nationality and ancestry have become so numerously represented in northern Minnesota as to decidedly influence and call for established institutions i^n church, social, commercial and other affairs, probably no one person represents more truly the great body of Italian Americans in an official way than Attilio Castigliano, consular agent for the Kingdom of Italy at Duluth.

Mr. Castigliano is a man of fine education and in every way highly qualified for the diverse duties and peculiar responsibilities of his office. He was born in \''alperga in the Province of Torino, Italy, March 25, 1881. He graduated from the Agricultural College of Caluso in 1901, and four years later, on March 4, 1905, arrived in the United States. During the following four or five years he had an active business experience connected with the State Savings Bank of Laurium, Michigan.

On March 10, 1910, he was appointed consular agent for the Kingdom of Italy with jurisdiction over the state of Minnesota and northern Michigan. While his office was temporarily established at Hibbing, it was transferred to Duluth and has remained there since August, 1911.

The duties of his office involve a general protection of the interests of the Italian people in the district where over seventy-five thousand Italians are living; more particularly the furnishing of Italian business concerns in Italy commercial and financial references ; in administering to the estates of deceased nationals ; promoting friendlier relations between the Italian element and the local public.

The World war naturally brought a great increase and extension of responsibilities and duties. The consular agency was responsible for recruiting and providing transportation both on land and sea to over nineteen hundred reserves. After the United States became involved in the war Mr. Castigliano's office at Duluth had charge of the inspection of all condensed milk exported from the United States to Italy and of a large number of meat contracts. Through that office in the last week of January, 1919, from Kansas City alone were shipped from five packing companies ninety-two carloads of meat for a value exceeding one million dollars. Mr. Castigliano was also connected with public work and made arrangements for all the conferences held in the territory of his jurisdiction by the military officers, besides giving a great deal of his time to the Saving Stamp and Liberty Loan publicity both in Duluth and in .St. Paul and Minneapolis. Through his efforts on October 12. 1919, the sum of 40,000 lire was collected in Duluth and remitted to the Italian War Orphans' Relief Committee at Rome.

When Mr. Castigliano opened his office at Duluth in August, 1911, he comprised its entire personnel. Now the office has an assistant in the person of Edmund T. Powers, attorney at law, and two secretaries. Miss Louise Signorelli, who has been on duty there for over seven years, and M;ss Mary Brocco. In recognition of his services the King of Italy has recently honored him with the appointment as Knight of the Crown of Italy.

Duluth And St. Louis County 877

St. Louis County. Too much cannot be said with regard to the importance of sound and conservative banking methods with relation to other factors in the commercial and industrial life of a community. This need is especially strong in the comparatively new Range country, and George L. Train and the First National Bank of Chisholm have every reason to be proud of the part played by them in the mighty development of this region and the stability of the financial interests they are safeguarding.

Mr. Train was born at Saint Charles, Minnesota, February 18, 1871, but was reared at Canby, Minnesota, where his parents, John L. and Ella (Blossom) Train, moved in 1880. For the succeeding score of years Mr. Train made Canby his home, and during the period between 1880 and 1900 acquired a public-school education and then followed the example of his father, a veteran railroad man, and began work as a telegrapher. John L. Train had made a record for himself as a telegrapher in the service of the United States Government during the war between the states, and he later took up other branches of railroad work, continuing with the railroad service all of his life.

Learning to be a telegrapher, George L. Train was an operator for four years, but then found that his abilities better fitted him for financial work, and he became assistant cashier of the Citizens State Bank at Canby, where he remained from 1892 until 1900. In the meanwhile northern Minnesota was coming before the public on account of the opening up of the iron industry, and Mr. Train came to St. Louis County in 1900 and was a teller and bookkeeper of the Duluth Savings Bank, which is now the Northern National Bank, for five years, during that time becoming thoroughly conversant with banking conditions in this region. In 1905 he came to Chisholm and organized the First National Bank, of which he has since been cashier. From 1910 until 1917, inclusive, he was postmaster of Chisholm, and is probably one of the best known men in this part of the state. He is a Mason, Knight of Pythias, Elk, Modern Woodman, and belongs to the Kiwanis Club, taking an active part in all of these organizations.

In 1898 Mr. Train was united in marriage with Miss Mabel A. Pond, of Kasson, Minnesota, and they have two children, namely: Leona C. and Georgia M. During the great war Mr. Train took a very active part in all of the local work, serving as chairman of three of the Liberty Loan campaigns, in each of which the (|uota for his district was largely oversubscribed. In other ways he did all that lay in his power to assist the administration in carrying out its policies, and he is equally anxious to render assistance to local and federal authorities to bring conditions backto normal and further strengthen the money market of the country. Having devoted practically all of his mature years to the banking business Mr. Train is one of the most astute bankers of the Range country, and his advice is sought and his judgment relied u[)on by many of the leading men of this locality. He has a deep and abiding faith in the future of northern Minnesota, and looks to see a much greater and healthier expansion of its natural resources and thr cnnst'(|iioiit development of kindred industries and enteri)rises.

AxTox ll.AXSox began his business career as a boy worker in a commercial establishment at Duluth, and for several years past has been active head of a prdfitabU- and well known hardware business in the West Vau\.

States. The family located at Duluth, where Even Hanson is still living at the age of tifty-nine. Since 1910 he has been associated with his son in the hardware business and takes an active interest as a working factor in the store.

Anton Hanson was second in a family of seven children. He attended the Lincoln School at Duluth, and after he had ecquired a substantial education began making his own way as cash boy in a local store at the age of fourteen. Later he had charge of the collection department of Forward & Company, furniture merchants, for five years. Having accumulated some capital and a great deal of experience, he took in a partner and engaged in the retail hardware business under the name of A. Hanson & Company. He is one of the owners, and has developed a business that ranks as one of the foremost retail establishments of the kind in the city. They carry a complete stock of hardware and also sporting goods.

Mr. Hanson is a member of the Ebenezer Lutheran Church and is independent in politics. On September 15, 1912, he married Miss Borgena Anderson. They have three children, Gladys H., Howard G. and Mabel L

Hugh J. McClearn is a lawyer and business man. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He acquired his education in the public schools of Pennsylvania, the University of Valparaiso in Indiana and the L'niversity of Minnesota.

Mr. McClearn arrived in Duluth in May, 1903, coming at the request of Oscar Mitchell, who was then city attorney. In 1904, when Mr. Mitchell went with the firm of Washburn, Bailey & Mitchell, Fred Reynolds, Mr. Mitchell's former partner, and Mr. McClearn formed a partnership under the name of Reynolds & McClearn, which continued until the time of Mr. Reynolds' death in 1911, since which time Mr. McClearn has practiced alone.

Much of his time and abilities as a lawyer have been devoted to business enterprises. He has been much interested in recent years in the development of agricultural lands in St. Louis County and throughout Minnesota, and has been an organizer and official of various business organizations, including land, exploration and wholesale and jobbing companies.

His only fraternal connection is with the Masonic Order, with which he has been affiliated since 1904, having attained the thirty-second degree of Scottish Rite. He is a meinber of all the Duluth civic and social clubs.

Oliver Renstrom. The banking interests of Duluth have numerous representatives of the younger generation, but there are few who have made such rapid strides as has Oliver Renstrom, cashier of the Park State Bank. Mr. Renstrom's entrance upon the financial arena occurred only five years ago. but during this time he has risen steadily in banking circles, and has contributed materially to the success of the institution which he represents.

A native son of Duluth, he was born November 24, 1898, his parents being A. G. and Hulda (Nelson) Renstrom. His father, a native of Sweden, came to the United States alone in young manhood, first locating at Duluth in 1880 and securing employment as a railroad foreman on the Duluth and St. Paul railways. After a period of years passed in this vocation he turned his attention to commercial ventures, and for many years has been the proprietor of a flourishing grocery business at 9 Third avenue. West, Duluth. The youngest of the five children of his parents,

Duluth And St. Louis County 879

Oliver Renstrom secured his education in the public schools of Duluth and at the age of seventeen years entered the service of the Park State Bank of this city as bookkeeper. After being thus employed for one year he was advanced to teller and assistant cashier, and after another year was made cashier of this institution, a position which he has since filled with marked ability and fidelity.

Mr. Renstrom has many friends among the patrons of the bank, as he has also among his fellow members in the local lodges of the Independent Order or Odd Fellows and the Knights of the Maccabees, as well as in the Morgan Park Club. In religious faith he is a Protestant, while in politics he takes an independent stand. He married Miss Lillian Heir, daughter of Edward and Martha Heir, of Duluth.

Herbert Schell. Probably no one man in a community comes any closer to his fellow citizens through personal service than does the druggist, for not only is he called upon to render an expert professional service which goes hand in hand with that of the physician, but he is expected to be the confidant, advisor and mediator, to carry a full line of medicines, toilet articles and kindred goods, cigars and tobacco, stationery, candies and oftentimes magazines, and to permit the general public the use of his establishment as a meeting place, and to furnish any chance visitor to his store with stamps and telephone service. In fact, the drug store today is the clubroom of the average citizen of both sexes, and without it much pleasant community life would die out. Proctor is no exception to the rule, for it has need of the services of its druggists just as both smaller and larger communities have, and one of the men who is living up to the best conceptions of this important calling is Herbert Schnell.

Herbert Schnell was born at Staynor, Canada, November 6. 1885. a son of Alexander Schnell, who came to the United States in 1887, locating at Superior, Wisconsin, where he went into the logging business and later developed into a contractor. He died at Superior in 1912, having become one of the important men of that place. Of the nine children born to him and his wife six survive, and of them all Herbert Schnell was the fourth in order of birth.

When he was fourteen years old Herbert Schell left school and began working as a clerk in a drug store, and was so employed at Superior until 1907, when he embarked in the drug business for himself and at one time operated one drug store at Duluth and another at Proctor, but later disposed of the former one. In addition to his drug business Mr. Schell is also engaged in the automobile business, acting as agent for one of the leading cars.

On July 31, 1907, he was married at Superior to Miss Mary E. Keneff, and they have two children, Herbert A. and Patricia. In politics Mr. Schell is a Republican, but has not been a candidate for office. By inheritance and conviction he is a Catholic. Both he and his wife have many warm, personal friends at Superior and Proctor, and are popular in both communities.

Fred Hansen. Earnest endeavor along any one line is bound to bring satisfactory results. The man who concentrates upon learning thoroughly the details of his chosen business oftentimes makes more of his life than the one who fritters away his time and efforts in making many changes. Fred Hansen early in life decided upon becoming a merchant, and with that object in view has worked hard and saved his money, and when the opportunity came he was able to establish himself in a business of his own. For a number of years he has been one of the dependable merchants of Proctor, and as senior member of the rehable mercantile house of Fred Hansen & Company is one of the well-known men of St. Louis County.

Fred Hansen was born in Norway December 30, 1867, and remained in his native land until 1885, when he came to the United States, making the trip alone. At that time he was but eighteen years old, but he was industrious and had little difficulty in securing employment as a clerk in a mercantile house at Ironwood, Michigan. There he remained until 1892, when he returned to Europe on a trip to his old home. Coming back to the United States, he resumed his business connections at Ironwood and continued in that city until he went to X'irginia, Minnesota. There and at Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, he continued as a mercantile clerk, during all of this period learning the business from the bottom up. In 1909 he came to Proctor and with Fred Newman in 1919 formed his present mercantile house. The firm carries a full and varied line of timely stock in men's furnishings and dry goods. Because of their knowledge of their business, their excellent connections with wholesalers and jobbers and their insight into the needs of their customers the partners have been able to build up a very valuable trade, which shows a healthy increase with each year.

Mr. Hansen belongs to Euclid Lodge No. 198. Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, of West Duluth, Minnesota : to the Odd Fellows, Modern Woodmen of America and United Order of Foresters, all of Proctor. As a member and worker of the Methodist Episcopal Church he is of value in raising the moral standards of Proctor.

On March 1, 1910, Mr. Hansen was married to Miss Winifred Mumma, whose parents are residents of Whitewater, \\'isconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Hansen have no children of their own, but they have adopted a boy and given him the name of Raymond Kennett Hansen, whom they are rearing with tender parental tare and love.

S. B. Shepard, highway construction engineer for St. Louis County, was selected for his present duties about the time St. Louis embarked on its great program of paved road building in 1919. Mr. Shepard became known to the county officials through his wide experience and responsible connections with highway departments in the east.

He was born at Ilion, New York, August 29, 1887, son of A. C. and Idella V. (Owens) Shepard, both natives of New York state and still living at Ilion, his father at the age of seventy and his mother at sixtyeight. His father for many years has been employed in the plant of the Remington Arms Company at Ilion as head of time and cost department. Mr. Shepard is of English and Welsh ancestry, and is the fourth of five children, three of whom are still living.

He acquired his early education in the schools of his native town. He was only thirteen when he introduced a practical side into his education, going to work on a drill press in the plant of the Remington Arms Company. In subsequent years he alternated between employment in that plant and in other capacities and attended school. In 1905 he graduated from the Ilion High School and after that was in the service of the New York State Highway Department continuously until 1908. In that year he entered Ohio State University, pursuing the civil engineering course, but each summer vacation returned to his employment with the New York State Highway Department. He was graduated with the degree of Civil Engineer in 1913, and from that year until 1919 was one of the technical and engineering stafif of the Ohio State Highway

Duluth And St. Louis County 881

St. Louis County voted and approved a bond issue of seven and a half million dollars in July, 1919, for the purpose of constructing approximately two hundred and fifty miles of hard surface roads. This program, in the carrying out of which Mr. Shepard is an expert technical adviser, will when completed connect all the outlying villages and cities with the county seat of Duluth by modern hard roads.

Mr. Shepard is affiliated with Ionic Lodge No. 186, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, in Duluth, with Keystone Chapter No. 20, Royal i\rch Masons, at Duluth, and with Duluth Council No. 6, Royal and Select Masters. He is also a member of the Phi Gamma Delta and Triangle fraternities. He is an Episcopalian in religious faith, and in politics has chiefly supported Republican candidates and principles. On September 4, 1917, he married Miss Lucile M. Bradley, of Duluth. Mrs. Shepard was educated in the Duluth High School and Vassar College at Poughkeepsie, New York.

James C. McGivern, president of the First National Bank and mayor of Biwabik, is one of the leading citizens and financiers of St. Louis County, and a man who has played a very important part in the history of Mesaba Range. Since 1916 he has been the chief official of his bank, and is serving his fourth term as mayor. He is a native son of Brainard. where he was born July 21, 1886, a son of Barnard and Mary T. (Kennedy) McGivern.

Born in Ireland, Barnard McGivern was twenty years old when he came to the United States, and immediately after landing he made his way to Chelsea, Michigan, and there he and his wife, then eighteen years old. were married. In 1883 they went to Brainerd, Minnesota, where he is now living at the age of sixty-three years. His wife died in April. 1915. Until 1903 Barnard McGivern was employed as a boilermaker in the railroad shops of the Northern Pacific at Brainerd. After that he was engaged until his retirement in operating a farm he had previously homesteaded in the vicinity of Staples, Minnesota. He has always been a shrewd business man and very successful. He and his wife had seven sons, of whom James C. McGivern was the second. During the World war three of these sons served on the battle line overseas.

James C. McGivern was graduated from the Brainerd High School in 1904. after which he obtained employment in a grocery store at Staples, and continued for a year. For the subsequent two years he held a clerkship in the mechanical dei)artment of tlie Northern Pacific Railroad Company, but left that cor])oration in 1908. In that year he came to Biwabik to become timekeeper for the Oliver Iron Company. After a year he left tiiat company to accept a similar position with the Monroe Mine at Chisliolm. in 1911 he began his long connection with the First National Bank at Piiwabik as cashier, and in 1916 was made its president. A politician by inheritance and inclination, he soon became a dominating force in local affairs, and was clecli'd township clerk In-fore he was honored bv his first election to the nia\oralt\-, in which he defeated the Sociahst candidate. Since then lie has been three times elected to succeed himself, and has done much to make the city what it is today. Practically all of the ])resent improvements have been inaugurated under his several administrations, including the water system and street paving, and this municipalitv comj)ares fa^-orabiy with any other of its size in the count r\.

On October 21, 1911, Mr. McGivern was united in marriage with Miss Vina O'Hara, of Biwabik, a daughter of William O'Hara. Mr. McGivern belongs to the Catholic Church and the Knights of Columbus. During the late war he was at the head of the various Red Cross, Young Men's Christian Association and Liberty Bond committees, and was chairman of the War Work Committee and on the local board of the National Council of Defense. Ever since coming to Biwabik he has been very active in community betterment work, and is proud of the fact tha his results have received the stamp of approval of his fellow citizens. Such men as Mr. McGivern are a splendid asset to any locality, and he can be depended upon to give the full force of his influence both as banker and private citizen to carry on the constructive measures he has set on foot as a public official.

Edward J. Micka was born in Carroll County, Iowa, October 27, 1890, one of seven children born to the marriage of Herman Micka and Mary Pross, both of whom were natives of the United States. Herman Micka, early in life, was a blacksmith, but in later years was engaged in the real estate and insurance business at Carroll, Iowa. He died there, September 16, 1906, but his widow survives him and continues to reside at Carroll.

Until he reached the age of twenty years, Edward J. Micka continued to reside at Carroll, where he completed the eighth grade in the public schools, and for four years was employed in a drug store. In 1910 he became anxious to branch out, and came to Hibbing where he felt he would have a future, and subsequent events have proven that his choice was a fortunate one. His two brothers, Louis and Samuel Micka. had already located at Hibbing, being in the employ of the Winston-Dear Company mines, and when he first arrived at Hibbing, Edward J. Micka also worked for this concern, but left it for the Mesaba Telephone Company, and was employed in its dififerent departments. He then went with the Home Electric Company, of which, in 1917 he became, with A. F. Asplund. the owner, changing the name to the Micka-Asplund Company. This firm does a general electrical contracting business, and is recognized as one of the best in its line in St. Louis County.

Mr. Micka is independent in his political views. He belongs to the Roman Catholic Church. In March, 1920; he was elected a member of the council of Hibbing, and is now serving his first term in that body, he having been elected for a period of three years.

Richard Geary. Closely connected with the development of Hibbing from its very beginnings, Richard Geary has taken a constructive part in securing all of the improvements which make it today one of the finest and wealthiest little cities in the world. He came to this locality August 3. 1893. having walked from Mountain Iron, Minnesota, in company with his brother, James Geary. When the two young men came into the little settlement there were but four houses in the place, three of them being on Pine street, and the remainder of the population found shelter in three tents. From the time of the arrival of the Geary brothers, however, the place began to show rapid growth. The timber had been cut and had fallen promiscuously in every direction. This timber was later collected, taken to the sawmill, and the resultant lumber was used to construct buildings for the constantly augmented population. On November 2,

Duluth And St. Louis County 883

Mr. Geary erected a building at 132 Pine street, and filled in the crevices with sawdust closely packed, and in spite of the intense cold passed the winter in it very comfortably. He had erected it with the intention of opening a jewelry store and general repair establishment, but was forced to wait until spring, as there was no way to get in his goods except by packing them from Iron Mountain, and that was too expensive. For twenty-four years he has been in his present location and has the leading jewelry establishment of Hibbing.

Richard Geary was born at Concord, Jefferson County, Wisconsin, November 26, 1860. He is one of a family of five children, four of whom survive, born to the marriage of Morris and Rose (Mulligan) Geary, both of whom were natives of Ireland, and there married. They immigrated to the United States and settled on a farm in Jefferson County, Wisconsin, where they passed the remainder of their lives.

Possessing but limited educational opportunities, Richard Geary made the most of his advantages and went four miles to school and back whenever he was able to do so. When he was only eleven years old he began working for a neighboring farmer, for w'hich he received four dollars a month for the first summer, and make himself so useful that the next summer his wages were increased to eight dollars. Later he worked for a cousin, who was also a farmer, and he paid him ten dollars a month for two seasons. Mr. Geary then lived at home for a time. Going into northern Michigan, he became assistant cook in a lumber camp at Norway, and followed cooking for twelve years. Going to Chicago, Illinois, in the early part of 1893. he acquired a working knowledge of the jewelry business, and has carried it on at Hibbing with gratifying success. For nine years he served on the School Board, and as such rendered the community a valuable service in seeing that the educational advantages offered the children of this region are second to none, for like many who have had to struggle along in life without proper schooling he is doubly anxious to give others the opportunities which never came his way.

In August, 1891. Mr. Geary was married to Miss Mary Vetter, of Marathon City. Wisconsin, a daughter of George Vetter. The following children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Geary : Ethel ; Emma. Mrs. W'alter Crawford ; Edna, deceased ; Stella, deceased ; and Dorothy, who married Joseph Gerzine. Mr. Geary is a man who has understood the fundamentals of commercial life, and has realized that business is the very life blood of national and community health and prosperity. Possessing that broader sense of responsibility, the will and resourcefulness and the power to stimulate others to the same whole-hearted endeavor which has always actuated him, he has long been recognized as one of the useful and competent men of St. Louis County.

Steve Kovai.i. is one of the enterprising young business men of Ely, and has spent nearly all his life in this section of northern Minnesota. He is the active manager of the general merchandise firm of Kovall and Sons, the members of which are John Kovall, Sr., Steve and John, Jr.

John Kovall, Sr.. and his wife, Elizabeth, brought their family to the United States in the eighties from Austria. At the opening of the Chandler Mine in northern Minnesota and before there was a single railroad in this part of the Range country the Kovall family made their way by the difficult process of walking to Ely. John Kovall. Sr.. was employed in the i'ionecr Mine until 1911.

Steve Kovall was born in Austria and acquired a very limited education in the schools of northern Minnesota. He began working in the mines when very young, and his educational equipment was measured by the bare ability to read and write. Realizing that lack of education would prove a permanent bar to his advancement in business, he earned and paid the money which enabled him to enter St. John's College at Collegeville. He remained there a diligent student until he graduated at the age of twenty-six. Thus equipped, he was employed in the collection and insurance department of the First National Bank at Chisholm until 1910. when, securing the co-operation of other members of the family, he organized the firm of Kovall & Sons, and became manager of the business from the start. The first store was in a building adjoining the present commodious structure which the firm erected in 1917. They handle a large stock of general merchandise, and have a trade drawn from a large territory around Ely.

Mr. Kovall is an active member of the Commercial Club, is affiliated with the Mystic Workers and is an independent Democrat in politics. He is one of the well-known men of Ely, is a member of the City Council, and on the Board of Trustees of St. Anthony's Catholic Church, of which all the family are communicants. In 1911 Mr. Kovall married Maggie Starcinich, of Chisholm, also a native of Austria. Their family consists of one son and five daughters.

William Henry Magie, M. D. Duluth had a population of about ten thousand when Doctor Magie joined the community as a young physician and surgeon something over thirty-five years ago. He was well fitted in every way to become a forceful factor in the life and progress of the city. For years he has been one of the recognized authorities in surgery in the northwest. He is a man of action, with broad views and liberal sympathies, actuated by motives of deep-seated patriotism and civic loyalty, and with admiration for all the wonderful resources and possibilities of the northwest country. Doctor Magie is a lover of the open woods, the hills, the waters, is fond of hunting and fishing, has taken part in expeditions for big game, and has killed deer and bear within what is now the corporate limits of Duluth.

William Henry Magie was born at Madison, New jersey, September 30, 1854, a son of William Harvey and Eunice (Shawger) Magie. When he was three years of age his parents moved to Henderson County, Illinois, and from the time he was about seven until fifteen he lived with the family in Chicago. They then returned to Henderson County. Doctor Magie acquired his early education in the public schools of Chicago, Illinois, and Abingdon College at Abingdon, that state. In the fall of 1873, when he was nineteen, the father returned to New Jersey, but the next year went to southeastern Kansas, then recently freed from Indian occupation. The family settled on a ranch, and the father became an extensive rancher and a man of prominence in Kansas afifairs during the seventies and eighties, being elected to the State Legislature.

Doctor Magie had the experience of a Kansas farm and ranch for several years. Preparatory to his medical training he spent a year in a drug store at Pittsburg, Kansas, and in 1882 entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at St. Louis. He was graduated in 1884, and after a brief practice at Pittsburg, Kansas, arrived in Duluth September 10, 1884. In the comparatively small city of that time there was little opportunity afforded for specialization, and for fifteen years or more he devoted himself to the arduous work of the general practitioner. However, for the past twenty-two years his work has been confined exclu- sively to surgery, in which his talents have been widely praised by other members of the profession and the general public. Doctor Magie was for twenty-eight years official surgeon of St. Mary's Hospital.* He is surgeon for the Morgan Hospital, the welfare institution maintained by the Minnesota Steel Company.

His professional rank is indicated by his former service as president of the Minnesota State Medical Association. He is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons, a Fellow of the American Medical Association, and Fellow of the Western Surgical Association. Doctor Magie is a convert to the Catholic religion.

If what has been said is in any way suggestive of his character and activities it would seem the most naturat thing in the world that Doctor Magie should have been an ardent admirer of that strenuous and virile American Theodore Roosevelt. He was a follower of Roosevelt in politics as well as in other departments of his strenuous life. In the campaign of 1912 he had a place on the Minnesota Progressive ticket as presidential elector. In the regular Republican party he has been a delegate to state and other conventions, but has never sought any office for himself. Doctor Magie in many ways has worked for the improvement of schools and good government in Duluth and improved hospital standards.

In 1876 he married Josephine Shawger. She died in 1898, the mother of two children, Woodbury and Ida. The daughter is the w'ife of Frank Stauduhar, and has five children. In 1899 Doctor Magie married Anna Isabel Henry. Three children were born to their union : W' illiam Henr\-, John Corbett and Elizabeth Eunice. The daughter died in 1914, at the age of eight years.

Frank S. Colvin. While only to those who have actively participated in the wonderful development of the Mesaba Range does the change make its strongest appeal, anyone at all conversant with conditions a few vears ago and those of today must realize the remarkable work of the pioneers of this region. They came into this part of the northwest when all was a wilderness and naturally, had to endure many hardships and work under difficulties never encountered today. Theirs was the vision, and because of their broad outlook and faith in the natural resources they were enabled to persevere and to them belongs the credit for all of the subsequent expansion. One of these men who has labored long and hard to attain to his present commanding position in the lumber trade of the Iron Range of vSt. Louis County is Frank S. Colvin, who has been a resident of this part of Minnesota since 1890, and, with his partner, a pioneer in the lumber business.

Frank S. Colvin was born at Silver Creek. Wright County, Minnesota, April 14, 1866, a son of Jacob J. and Ann Eliza (Griswold) Colvin, natives of Ohio and Wisconsin, respectively, who were married at a time antedating the outbreak of the war between the states. By trade Jacob J. Colvin was a carpenter, and he lost his life through an accident which occurred while he was working at it. in 1887. He had homesteadcd land in Minnesota on which tin- hardwood timber was very heavy, and in 1874 the familv moved to .Xnoka. Minnesota, where his death occurred. His widow stu'vives him ;ind now makes her houu' at Los .Angeles, California. They had a familv of seven children, of whom I'rank S. Colvin was the third child and eldest .son. and after the death of his father the burden of being the family jjrovider fell upon his shoulders, and he cheerfully and capably discharged the responsibilities ]iertaining thereto for a num-

Frank S. Colvin attended the schools of Anoka, and then for seven years worked at making pressed brick in that place. Later he was employed in lumber manufacturing at Anoka, where he remainded until 1890. In that year he came into the Iron Range as bookkeeper and manager of the Mesaba Lumber Company of Mesaba, and had charge of the company's store at that point for two years. He then came to Biwabik and went into partnership with J. A. Robb, organizing their present business. The young men had a very limited capital, but they were excellent business men and knew^ how to develop with the Range, and today have five lumber yards on the Range, one in Superior, Wisconsin, and another at Duluth. From 1894 until 1905 they operated mills at Fairbanks, but then distincontinued that branch of their business. This firm ranks exceedingly high among the reliable lumber concerns of the Mesaba Range, and the present prosperity is entirely due to the energy, foresight and fair dealing of the partners.

In 1902 Frank S. Colvin was married to Janet Carmichael, a daughter of William Carmichael, and she was born at Negaunee, Michigan. Mr. and Mrs. Colvin became the parents of the following children : Dorothy, Jean. William and George. Mr. Colvin has always been very active in politics, operating as a Republican, and has been the delegate of his party to county and state conventions upon many occasions. Locally he has served in several offices, including that of treasurer and mayor of Biwabik, and while serving in the latter gave the city a business-like administration that resulted in a rapid growth, and much of the present improved condition here is due to his efforts. Having spent the best years of his life in this region, he is naturally interested in it and the remarkable advan9e made here within the past few years, and he is proud of the fact that he has borne so constructive a part in all of this work.

Ralph Norris Marble. An officer in the United States Navy during the period of the Spanish-American and Philippine wars, later in the World war, Ralph Norris Marble in the intervals of his service graduated as a mining engineer and for the past ten years has been active in his profession in the Minnesota Iron Range. He is general superintendent at Hibbing for the Mahoning Ore & Steel Company.

Mr. Marble was born at Harrisville, Alcona County, Michigan, March 7, 1879, son of Ralph N. and Belle L. (Mead) Marble. His mother is still living at Duluth. Ralph N. Marble, Sr., who died July 18, 1919, was for many years prominent in St. Louis County. In 1882 he came to Duluth to look after some titles to large tracts of lumber lands for Saginaw and Detroit syndicates. He had previously served as registrar of deeds in Alcona County, Michigan. On coming to Duluth he formed a partnership with M. H. Alsworth in the abstract business, and became thoroughly versed in the land titles of St. Louis County. It was that w^ork which led him to engage in law practice, and in 1886 he was appointed registrar of the United States Land Office at Duluth by Grover Cleveland. During his administration of this office occurred the big run on the office following the rumors of discovery of ores. He left the land office in 1890 and thereafter was chiefly engaged in the practice of law until his death. The village of Marble, Minnesota, was named in his honor.

Ralph N. Marble, Jr., grew up at Duluth, acquired a public school education, and in 1894 was appointed a cadet in the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis. He graduated with the rank of Midshipman in 1898, just about the time the Spanish-American war broke out. He was on board the flagship Brooklyn during the great naval battle off Santiago, which ended that war. Altogether he w^as in service five years, being ordered to the Philippines when the insurrection broke out in those islands, and later was in China during the Boxer rebellion. While at Taku he received his commission at ensign. He was in Hong Kong six months and visited various other places in the Orient. In 1901 he returned to the United States to act as a witness before the Board of Inquiry in the famous Schley-Sampson controversy. Following that he was ordered to duty on the Pacific Coast, and in the course of duty made a trip to Panama to protect American interests and had some part in the creation of the Republic of Panama. He was next ordered to Samoa, and was there during the time the authority of the United States was established over that island. Then returning to the United States and after a short period on a torpedo boat he resigned with the rank of junior lieutenant.

After leaving the navy Mr. Marble entered the School of Mines of Columbia University, graduated in 1905, and entered the service of the Oliver Iron Mining Company as assistant engineer as Ishpeming, Michigan. In 1907 he became chief engineer at Tyrone, New Mexico, for the Chemung Copper Company, remaining in the southwest until 1910, when he returned to Duluth and was appointed assistant engineer for the Oliver Iron Mining Company. In the spring of 1911 he became chief engineer of the Mahoning Mine at Hibbing, and gave his full time to the duties of this office until America entered the war with Germany.

In December, 1916, he tendered his service to the Government and was enrolled in the Naval Reserve and was called to active duty May 1, 1917, being assigned with the rank of lieutenant to the former German raider Prinz Eitel Friedrich, later renamed the DeKalb. He had charge of the Construction Department and later the Ordnance Department, and altogether made ten trips across the Atlantic in transport service to St. Nazaire and Brest. October 1, 1918, he was detached and assigned to duty in the Personnel Division of the Navy Department at Washington.

December 12, 1918, Mr. Marble was released from service with the rank of lieutenant commander and at once resumed his civil duties at Hibbing, with the new title of general superintendent of the Mahoning Mine.

Lewis J.ames White, cashier of the First National Bank of Ely. has been a resident of that mining community since early boyhood, and has given the energies of his mature manhood most effectively to business affairs and the substantial interests of the town.

Mr. White was born at Parish, New York, July ii, 1877. son of James H. and Elda (Jennings) White, of the State of New York. His grandfather White came to this country from Scotland. James H. White took his, family to Ely in 1888, and he and his wife still live there, he at the age of sixty-eight and she at sixty. He has been identified with different business concerns and has served as an alderman of Ely. The mother is an active Presbyterian.

Lewis J. White acquired a good education in the public schools of Elv, following which he clerked in Lewis Stettcn's store and in Miller's store, and in 1898 was appointed assistant postmaster. He performed the duties of this position until 1903, and for the following seven years was city clerk. Since 1910 he has been identified with the First National Bank as cashier. He knows the business of the bank thoroughly, is a keen financier, and has made a great many friends for the institution.

Mr. White served as a member of the Ely School Board six years. He is a Republican, and is a member of the various Masonic bodies, including the Shrine.

He married Miss Edith Baughman on June 8, 191 3. Mrs. White was born in Kansas and taught school both in that state and at Ely. Mr. and Mrs. White are interested students of Christian Science. They have one daughter, Mary Louise.

Rev. James Hogan. For twenty years Father Hogan has been identified with the Duluth Diocese in various locations and capacities, and for the most part has performed his priestly services in the iron ranges and for a number of years past has been pastor of the Qiurch of Blessed Sacrament at Hibbing.

James Hogan was born in County Clare, Ireland, in 1876, and from early youth his education was directed toward the priesthood. He attended local schools and high schools at Killaloe, entered All Hallows Seminary at Dublin, and was ordained a priest June 24, 1900. Soon afterward he departed for America and reached Duluth in October, 1900. For two and a half years he was vice rector of the Cathedral at Duluth, and in May, 1903, was assigned the parish at Eveleth, but three m.onths later went to Virginia as pastor of Our Lady of Lourdes parish. He remained there six years, for two years was pastor of Sacred Heart Church at East End Forks, and since then has given all his time to the Church of the Blessed Sacrament at Hibbing. Father Hogan is a member of the Kiwanis Club, and is very popular with all classes of citizens in the community.

John M. Brown. Thirty-two years of residence makes John M. Brown a pioneer of Ely. His name is held in high esteem throughout this community. He is known as a man of industry, reliable and responsible in everything he undertakes. Since March, 1916, he has held the office of postmaster.

Mr. Brown was born at Brechin, Scotland, in January, 1869, son of John and Mary (Mason) Brown. His parents spent all their lives in Scotland and the father was in the insurance business at Brechin.

With the advantages of the local schools of ^his native town John M. Brown at the age of fifteen went to work in the finishing department of linen mills, and was a mill hand until at the age of twenty-one he left for America, his destination being Ely, where his older brother, David, had preceded him and was engaged in the tailoring) business. This was in 1890. Mr. Brown on reaching Ely became night clerk at the Exchange Hotel and subsequently entered the employ of the old established mercantile firm of the Miller Store Company, and was with that concern through many faithful years of service. For several years he delivered goods for the concern all over Ely, and in that work as in other employment made many friends and had very substantial backing when 'he became a candidate for postmaster. Mr. Brown is chairman of the board of trustees of the Presbyterian Church at Ely and is affiliated with the Foresters.

In 1895 he married Miss Jessie Mollison, also of Brechin, Scotland. They have two sons, Allen and Norman. The former is employed in the local mines at Ely. Norman is in the United States Navy, on duty on the U. S. Prairie with headquarters at San Diego, California.

Duluth And St. Louis County 889

Wells F. Morong. During the late war the Young Men's Christian Association was brought prominently before the pubHc and none of the boys in the service will ever forget the work of the "Y," but long before that mighty conflict this admirable organization was carrying on its wonderful efforts in behalf of the young men of the country,'and is still so engaged. The various branches all over the country owe much of their efficiency in times of peace, just as they did during the war, to the capable efforts of the secretaries, upon whom rest much of the responsibility of operation. They are men chosen for their special fitness for the work, and are without exception earnest, sincere and hard-working, laboring for the cause more than for personal advancement, and always occupying a leading position among the constructive element of the community in which they are located. One of these dependable men, who has devoted the greater part of his life to the work, is Wells F. Morong of Proctor, general secretary of the Duluth, Missabe and Northern Railway Young Men's Christian Association.

Wells F. Morong was born in Maine, October 3, 1875, a son of Daniel Morong, grandson of William Morong, and a member of an old American family that is traced back to France. William Morong was a seafaring man who died at Dennysville, Maine. Daniel Morong also was a seaman and commanded his vessel. He is still living, making his home at Rowley, Massachusetts, to which place he took his family when his son Wells F. was sixteen years old and the latter spent six years as a hand or shipmate with his father. During the Civil war Daniel Morong enlisted in Company A, Sixteenth Maine Volunteer Infantry, and was made a corporal. He and his wife had a family of five sons and five daughters, of whom four sons and three daughters are now living, and of them all Wells F. Morong was the fourth in order of birth

Mr. Morong was educated in the public schools of Maine, Day's Commercial College of Portland, Maine, and the Young Men's Christian Association College at Springfield, Massachusetts. When he was sixteen years old he began to be self-supporting, and followed in the, footsteps of his father and grandfather, turned to the sea and for six years followed it, visiting the cities of South America on coasting trips. He then was connected with a wholesale tea and coffee house in Boston, Massachusetts, for two years, following which he became a traveling salesman. After a short time he took a position as bookkeeper for a wholesale grocery house of Portland, Maine, but becoming interested in his present line of work decided to devote himself to it, and as such has been stationed in different parts of the country.

In 1907 he was sent to Proctor and has superintended the erection of the present Y. M. C. A, building, which was constructed exclusively for the use of the employes of the Duluth, Missabe and Northern Railroad. It is eciuipped with all modern conveniences for conducting all of the departments, including a large gymnasium and swimming pool. It has a large and enthusiastic membership, and the influence for good exerted over the men is uncjuestioned.

Mr. Morong was married September 7, 1907, at Portland, Maine, to Miss Caroline Clark, who was educated in the public schools of that city. Her parents are of Scotch descent. Mrs. Morong is a worthy associate of her husband in social uplift work, and has been very active in the United Society of Christian Fndcavor and is one of the branch organizers of this association. While at Portland. Maine, she was president of the local organization. Hoth Mr. and Mrs. Morong are active members of the Methodist l*:piscopal Church, and since coining to Functor have been zealous in tlicir eflorts in behalf of their church here. They have three children, namely: Daniel, who was born March 2, 1910;

Michael F. Chalk is a Duluth pioneer. He first knew this city over forty years ago and has been a resident there forty years. His name is especially familiar to all the Great Lakes transportation interests centering at Duluth. For many years he has held the responsible office of federal steamship inspector.

Mr. Chalk was born September 1, 1851, in the state of Rhode Island, a son of Michael and Catherine (Ragen) Chalk. His father, a native of Connecticut, was a life-long mechanic and followed his vocation both in the United States and Canada. He died in 1888. Michael F. Chalk was second in a large family of clhildren. He attended school only a few terms, and acquired most of his education by active contact with men and affairs. At the age of eleven years he was apprenticed to learn the trade of mechanic and boilermaker. He served thirty-two months in Connecticut and then took up another vocation, becoming a fireman on a Great Lakes steamboat. He was on Great Lakes boats plying between Buffalo, Collingwood, Chicago and Duluth for ten years or more. In 1880 he located permanently at Duluth, and for five years was chief of the fire department of the city. Later he became local inspector of steamboats, and in that capacity has inspected for the Federal Government all the boats in a large territory, including part of the Mississippi River and northern Minnesota. His offices are on the second floor of the Federal Building.

Mr. Chalk has witnessed Duluth grow from an outpost on the northwestern frontier to a splendid city of over a hundred thousand population. He is a recognized authority on many matters connected with water transportation. His character has always been that of a thoroughly progressive citizen and deeply interested in everything intended to promote the growth and development of Duluth. He is a member of the Elks order. Mr. Chalk married in 1876. His wife died in 1888, leaving him one daughter. Miss Pearl Chalk of Duluth.

John A. Harri. A hardware merchant at Ely for the past thirteen years, John A. Harri is one of the best known of local citizens, and has called Ely his 'home for thirty years. His has been an honorable record whether in connection with business, with public affairs or as a soldier of his adopted country.

Mr. Harri was born in Finland in 1880, son of Edward and Mary Harri, who were born in the same country, the former in 1854 and the latter in 1856. Both are now residents of Ely. When they brought their family from Finland during the eighties they lived for a short time at Ironwood, Michigan, then for four years at Port Arthur, Canada, and in 1891 established their permanent residence at Ely. Edward Harri for a short time was employed in the Chandler Mines, and later became a contractor supplying the mines with timber and lumber. For the past ten years he has been in the cattle business, owns several tracts and parcels of land, and has a summer home on the lake. Of the family of Edward Harri, six sons and two daughters, seven live on the Ranges in Minnesota.

John A. Harri acquired most of his education at Ely. It was the main business of every member of the Harri family to get out and hustle as soon as age and strength permitted, and John Harri was well equipped for a strenuous participation in the work of the world, being big and strong. As a boy he went into the timber and soon became an adept in all branches of logging and lumbering. During the Spanish-American war he served as a member of Company L of the Fifteenth Minnesota Regiment, and later went to the Philippines in Company C of the Thirty-fourth United States Infantry, under Captain George E. Gibson. Mr. Harri participated in twenty-three engagements during the Filipino insurrection, an honorable service record such as few men on the Ranges can excel.

Mr. Harri established himself in the hardware business in 1908, and has a large patronage and his business ability and personal character have won him a great leadership and popular following. In 1903 he married Hilma Mieltunen of Ely. They have a family of four sons and four daughters. Mr. Harri is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Eagles, Woodmen of the World, Moose and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and has joined in heartily with the program of the Commercial Club, which has contributed so much to the improvement and advancement of Ely in recent years.

Michael H. Godfrey has given a quarter of a century of service to the Oliver Iron Mining Company and is one of the veterans in the service of that corporation and is its district manager at Hibbing. Everything connected with the mining, transportation, marketing and manufacture of iron ore has attracted the study, thought and efifort of Mr. Godfrey, and he is one of the readily recognized experts in the range country of northern Minnesota.

Mr. Godfrey has spent practically all his life in the great mining section of the north. He was born in Champion, Michigan, April 13, 1872, son of Robert and Bridget (Hogan) Godfrey. His parents were born in Ireland, were married after they came to the United States, and since 1898 have had their home at Hibbing. They reared a family of ten children.

Michael H. Godfrey grew up in his native state, completed a high school education at Champion and for one year attended college at Joliet, Canada. While there he became well versed in the French language, and that knowledge had much to do with some of his early advancements in business. For a time he clerked in a postoffice at Norway, Michigan, and for about three years was employed there in the store of the Penn Iron Company. It was his knowledge of French that brought this appointment. He was soon in t)he accounting department and had much to do with handling trade and other work involving the use of the French language.

Mr. Godfrey came to Virginia City on the Mesaba Range in Minnesota in February, 1893, and was first employed in the accounting department by the Merritt brothers. After the shutdown of the Minnesota Mine, in which 'he was working, in August, 1893, he was transferred to the Mountain Iron Mine in charge of the accounting department. In September, 1895, he was transferred to Hibbing, and began work under Pentecost Mitchell, now vice president of the Oliver Iron Mining Company. Since then continuously for a quarter of a century he has been with the Oliver Company, has been promoted through various grades and since .'\pril, 1917, has been district manager of the Western District for the Oliver interests. The years of undiminished enthusiasm, constant study and initiative and enterprise have brought him notable advancement and a place of high influence in the industrial life of the north.

^ He has likewise been closely identified with the public welfare of Hibbing, and in the early days of the village served as a member of the council. He is a Republican and a menil)er of the Catholic Church. On October 12, 1897, Mr. Godfrey married Ceceha Gandsey, who died in 1916. Of her eight surviving children one son was a soldier in the World

F. A. Brewer. It is a well authenticated fact that success comes as a result of legitimate and well applied energy, unflagging determination and perseverance in a course of action when once decided upon. She is never known to bestow her favor upon the indolent and ambitionless, and only those who seek her untiringly are recipients of her blessings. In tracing the history of the influential business man and representative citizen whose name introduces this sketch it is plainly seen that the prosperity wliich he enjoys has been won by commendable qualities, and it is also his personal worth that has gained for him the high esteem of those who know him.

F. A. Brewer was born November 28, 1854, in Oakland County, Michigan, the second in order of birth of the six children born to Addison P. and SaHnda S. (Graifs) Brewer. His father was a civil engineer and surveyor by profession, and became one of the pioneer lumbermen of southern Michigan, probably having had as much as any other man to do with the cutting off of the great pine forests which at one time covered great districts in the southern part of the state. He died in 1905, in Saginaw, Michigan, where he had resided during the greater portion of his life. F. A. Brewer received a fair education in the public schools of his home community, and when old enough became associated with his father in the lumber business, remaining with him for five years. In 1880 he removed to Duluth, Minnesota, where he formed a partnership with a Mr. Duncan, under the firm name of Duncan & Brewer, and engaged in the lumber business. They were successful in that enterprise, and in 1900 the concern was incorporated, Mr. Brewer becoming president of the company and Mr. Duncan its secretary and treasurer. This company was one of the pioneer lumber companies in this section of Minnesota, cutting and sawing a large amount of timber, and continued in active operation until tihe accessible timber in Minnesota and Michigan was practically exhausted. This company also engaged extensively in the logging and lumber business in the southern states until about 60 per cent of the timber in Alabama and Louisiana had been cut off. One of Mr. Brewer's sons is now engaged in southern operations. Since 1904 Mr. Brewer has not actively followed the lumber business, being interested in other lines of industry. While he has given a great deal of his attention to the lumber business, he has also been financially interested in a number of other industrial enterprises, and in this way he has been a potent factor in the development of the commercial life of Duluth, being a director in several of the most important business enterprises operating in Duluth. He has taken a great pride in its growth, and has consistently boosted the city and its interests wherever and whatever way possible.

In 1877, in Saginaw, Michigan, Mr. Brewer was married to Jennie Duncan, and to them have been born three children, Charles D., Florence and Walter D. Mr. Brewer is a member of the Chamber of Commerce Club, the Kitchi Gammi Club and the Duluth Golf Club. He has taken a keen interest in the public affairs of his city, especially as pertaining to educational affairs, and for twelve years he gave effective and appreciative service as a member of the City School Board. He is proud of Duluth and of the grand state of Minnesota and zealous of their prosperity and progress. He is a man who in every respect merits the high esteem in which he is universally held, for he is a man of public spirit and exemplary character.

Duluth And St. Louis County 893

Fred A, Klass. While his primary aim during his quarter of a century residence at Hibbing has been to build up a substantial and prosperous business, Fred A. Klass has at the same time performed the duties of good citizenship, and is not only one of Ribbing's oldest merchants but one of its most esteemed residents.

He was born at Oconto, Wisconsin, March 14, 1870, son of William and Anna (Heinrichs) Klass, the former a native of Germany and the latter of Wisconsin. His father came to the United States at the age of fifteen in 1848, about the time of the German revolution, when so many high class Germans left the fatherland. He grew up in Wisconsin and spent his Hfe in that state, being one of the pioneer lumbermen of Oconto. He also served as county sheriff for several years, and later as assessor of his county.

Next to the oldest in a family of ten children, Fred A. Klass grew up in Oconto and in 1886 graduated as a member of the first class of the local high school. The following year he clerked in the postoffice. He then began an apprenticeship to learn the jeweler's trade. The provisions of the apprenticeship were such that he had to depend upon himself for a living and he earned a living by working at intervals in lumber camps.

It was through the presence of friends at Hibbing that Mr. Klass came to the village in 1895. There was little to commend it as a business or municipal community. It was two years old and all the business was located along Pine street. In the Cox Building in December, 1895, Mr. Klass opened up as a local jewelry merchant, though in the absence of capital he had little more than a watchmaker's bench. He furnished a service equal to the needs of the community, and it has always been his ambition to keep his store a little bit in advance of the needs of the community. His establishment today is second to none in the town, and his prosperity has been proportioned accordingly.