Duluth Township (part 9 of 15)

Mr. Wallinder is one who has been the architect of his own fortune and he has builded wisely and well. Toda}' he is not only at the head of a large, profitable and substantial enterprise, but is highly regarded in the business world as a man of sound integrity, one whose plant has been shut down only eighteen days during the entire ])eriod of its existence, and an enterprise that has never missed a payroll. He has always had faith in West IDuluth and has manifested his confidence by giving his sound support to its institutions and civic enterprise and by investing his means in its realty. He is a valued member of the local lodges of the Masons, Odd Fellows, Loyal League and Alodern Samaritans. Primarily a business man, he is interested in civic matters, in which he is inclined to lean toward progressiveness rather than to passiveness and conservatism. Mr. W^allinder belongs U> the Duluth and Commercial clubs, and since 1910 has been ])resident of the Kamloops Coi)])er Company.

Mrs. Wallinder died in 1912, having been the mother of six children: William, Arthur, Dan, Esther, Ruth and \'era, of whom Ruth is deceased. William and Dan are associated with their father and .Arthur is superintendent of the Kamloops Copper Com})an^- in I'ritish Columbia. Esther and Vera are at home.

J. P. Meisner, president of the Mesaba I'oiler and jVIanufacturintr C"ompany of Duluth, has made Evident in his career the value of a useful trade, of making one's energy count toward one thing and of forging steadily ahead regardless of obstacles and discouragements. During the fifteen years that this concern has been in business it has grown steadily under Mr. Meisner's capable direction from a modest enterprise into one of the leading enterprises of its kind at Duhitli.

Mr. Meisner was born at Portland, Michigan, .\pril 21, 1883. and received his education in his native locality. When he was sixteen years of age he started to learn the boiler maker's trade, and after he had mastered it worked for a nutnber of years as a journeyman. In 1905 he came to Minnesota and for a short time was engaged in the machinery business, but subseiiuently turned his attention t() the manufacture of all kinds of steam boilers, and in UX)5 became the head of the Mesaba I'oiler and Maiuifactining Company, of whicli Inbecame j^resident : R. I"". Peterson, secretary, and J. H. (^pperman. treasurer. Mr. .Mtisner brought to his business an extcnsixi' experience in the manufacture i>f sti-el boilers and in all kinds of structural steel work, and his firm now does an extensive business all over the Northwest. The shops and boiler works are located at 212-218 Garfield avenue, where there is maintained a large force of experts in boiler manufacturing- and structural steel work.

Mr. Meisner has a number of civic and social connections and numerous friends in these as well as business circles, w^here he is known for his integrity, fair-mindedness and sense of justice. He was married at Duluth in 1910 to Miss Smith of Superior, Wisconsin.

H. M. Blackmarr, president of the F. I. Salter Company of Duluth, is a young business man of wide and varied financial and commercial experience, whose associations with Duluth aflfairs run back over a period of a quarter of a century.

He was born August 4, 1878, and has been a resident of Duluth since 1887. He finished his education in local schools, and as a boy went to work for the National Bank of Commerce as an errand boy. After three years he went with the Commercial Bank of Duluth as assistant cashier, and three years later, at the death of his father, became manager of the Alesaba Bank at Proctor. He later disposed of his interests in that institution and for the eight years following was assistant manager of the insurance rating office, leaving that position to become identified w^ith the F. I. Salter Company. He is a member of Kitchi Gammi Club and the Ridgeview Golf Club.

David J. Ericksox. His duties as a lawyer, real estate man and legislator have given Mr. Erickson a very busy program of usefulness since coming to Duluth eight years ago. His name has become widely known throughout the state as an able public leader of that type which merits public confidence and esteem.

Mr. Erickson w^as born at Warren, Pennsylvania. December 3, 1888. son of L. P. and Christine (Anderson) Erickson. His parents were natives of Sweden, and his father came to this country about 1870, locating in Warren county. Pennsylvania. He is still living, at the age of seventy-seven. For many vears he was an active farmer and was one of the pioneer settlers of Elk township of Warren county, where many years ago he bought 120 acres of land covered with dense timber. He has developed this farm and for many years his specialty has been dairying, and he made his own example a powerful influence in bringing into the county a good line of cattle and horses. He is a Republican and a member of the Swedish Mission Church. Of his nine children, eight are living. David J- being the youngest.

He attended a country school in Pennsylvania, also the Corydon Grammar School, graduated from the Warren High School in 1908, and in the fall of the same entered Pennsylvania State College, where he was a student in 1908-09. following that with the regular law course of the Universitv of Michigan, where he graduated with the degree LL. B. in 1912.

In November. 1912. a few months after graduating in law, Mr, Erickson came to Duluth and was employed by the law firm of Abbot, Merril & Lewis until August, 1913. i He was admitted to the Michigan bar in June. 1912. and in June. 1913, took the Minnesota bar examination and was admitted as a practicing attorney in this state in July. On September 1. 1913, he formed a law partnership with William A. Pittenger. which continued until March 1, 1914, under the firm name Erickson & Pittenger. Since then Mr. Erickson has handled a large general practice alone, with offices in the West End, near Twenty-first avenue, West.

Duluth And St. Louis County 767

September 21, 1914, Air. Erickson was one of the incorporators of the Consolidated Realty Company, and has been president from the beginning. This company has been successfully engaged in a general real estate business in the city, to its special credit being assigned the handling of the sale of the Merrit Park Division and the platting of Grant Park Addition to Duluth, which was put on sale September 1, 1919. The directors of the company are David J. Erickson, president; C. A. Carlson, vice president and secretary, and H. T. Lundgren, treasurer.

Well established in his profession and in business, Mr. Erickson first became a candidate for an important of^ce when he was elected to the Minnesota Legislature from the Fifty-ninth District in November, 1917. He was re-elected for his second term in November, 1919. During the 1917 session he served as a member of the committee on banks and banking, general legislation, military afifairs, state normal schools, workmen's compensation, towns and counties. During that session he was interested in increasing the workmen's compensation from fifty to sixty per cent. Another subject that received a large share of his attention was promoting the marketing of farm products in the larger cities and states, and with that in view he was author of the bill providing for a State Department of Foods and Markets. During the 1919 session Mr. Erickson was instrumental in enacting a law providing for a State Department of Agriculture, and also sponsored an amendment of this law authorizing the commissioner of agriculture to establish local markets in municipalities throughout the state. In the session of 1919 he was chairman of the committee on corporations and a member of the committees on education, reconstruction and relief, judiciary, and appropriations. With his colleague, Mr. Bernard, he sponsored the fire relief appropriation in the appropriations committee for the relief of the fire-stricken districts in Northern Minnesota. He was also an influential member during the special session of the legislature called by the governor. September 8, 1919. In that he was also a member of the appropriations committee, which looked after the soldiers' bonus h\\\, and the bill providing for fire prevention in Northern Minnesota. He was also on the committee on markets and marketing, which drafted the cold storage legislation enacted during the special session. This committee also had charge of carrying out the program of legislation called for in the governor's message in reference to the high cost of living. In the special session Mr. Erickson opposed the enactment of tonnage tax on iron ore, thereby expressing the sentiment of his constituency and also his personal convictions that such a tax is unfair to the iron industry of Northern Minnesota and to the people in general. During this special session Mr. Erickson was author of the bill providing a City Market in the city of Duluth, a bill that passed the house without a dissenting vote, but failed to pass the senate. He was also a member of Mayor Magney's committee to investigate the high cost of living in Duluth.

Fraternallv he is a member of the Modern Woodmen of .-\merica, and is a member of the West End Commercial Club. June 2. 1917. he married Miss Frances Sykes. Her father was an Englishman, while her mother was born in Minnesota.

M. M. Ronn. superintendent of the .Alworth Building, learned the machinist's trade in early life and for the past thirty-five or forty years has enjoyed manv res[)onsil)ilities and has exenij)litie<l to a high degree his skillful and responsible service.

Mr. Robb was born in Monroe county, New York, January 1, 1861. His father, George Robb, was a native of the same state, and died in Amsterdam county, June 13, 1867. The youngest of four children, M. M. Robb was six years of age when his father died, and he had only limited advantages in the public schools of Amsterdam. As soon as possible he began service as an apprentice at the machinist's trade, and after three years became a journeyman and steadily followed his work for a quarter of a century. During that time he was machinist for the Inman Manufacturing Company of Amsterdam. March 8, 1902, he came to Duluth and not long afterward entered the service of M. H. Alworth. He remained until the completion of the Alworth Building, and since then has been superintendent of that notable structure in the business district.

Mr. Robb is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the First Methodist Episcopal Church. He married, December 21, 1882, at Amsterdam, New York, Miss Matie Lepper.

Thomas Considine is Duluth's postmaster. He has been in the routine of service in the local postoffice for a number of years, and by experience is eminently qualified for the responsibilities involved in his present official post.

He was born December 12, 1868, at Bay City, Michigan. His father, John A. Considine, was a native of Ireland and came to the United States in 1866, locating at Bay City. Some years later he returned to Ireland, and Hved out his life in that country. Thomas Considine was the oldest of six children and was reared and educated in Ireland. In 1890, at the age of twenty-two, he returned to America, lived for a time in New York city, but soon came to Duluth, in 1891, and has thus been identified with Duluth for about thirty years. For three years he was bookkeeper for a street contractor, E. J. Amory, and for about two years was local salesman of the Singer Sewing Machine Company. Mr. Considine entered the Duluth Postoffice as a clerk in 1895, and has been practically through all the grades of the service. President \\'ilson appointed him postmaster in May, 1920.

Charle.s Decker is a successful Duluth citizen whose business is a distinctive service to the artistic tastes and refined jvidgment of the community. He has been in Duluth for a quarter of a century or more, and his art shop is known to every patron of the fine arts in Northern Minnesota.

Mr. Decker was born in Germany, August 10, 1866. He was reared and educated in his native land, and was eighteen years of age when he came to this country in 1884. For five years he worked as a laborer at Detroit, and then started West with a view to finding a suitable location in which to establish himself permanently. He visited all the leading \\'estern cities as far as Seattle. He then returned East to Minneapolis, where he remained a year or so, and in 1895 came to Duluth and began the manufacture of picture frames. He has ever since maintained a shop and organization for the highest class of work in that line, and has also expanded his business to include the dealing in fine art work of all kinds. Mr. Decker takes a great pride in the city of his residence, and is one of the men ever ready with their personal resources and en-;- thusiasm to advance the welfare of the community. He is a member of the Commercial Club, the Boat Club, the Knights of Columbus, and in politics is independent. January 26, 1885, Mr. Decker married Miss Agnes Frerker. whose people also came from Germany. They are the parents of three children. The older son, Theodore L., was educated ni the parochial schools of Duluth, in Notre Dame University in Indiana and a business college, and is now associated with his father in the picture frame business. The daughter, Margaret, is a teacher in the public schools. The youngest of the family, Charles, is a student in the public schools.

J. D. MoLiTOR is a building contractor of more than thirty years experience in Duluth, being a member of the firm T. D. Molitor & Brother, whose offices and shops are at 617 West First street.

Mr. Molitor was born in the state of Iowa, June 30, 1858. His father, Francis Molitor, was born in Germany and was also a carpenter and contractor during his lifetime. He came to America very early and enlisted and served in the Mexican war and when he died in Iowa in 1918 it was claimed that he was the last surviving Mexican war veteran. He was a man of thorough education, and his life was lived to good purpose and with results not altogether to be measured by financial success. He had a family of eleven children, J, D. Molitor being the fifth in age.

J. D. Molitor attended the public schools of his native state and was only ten years of age when he began assisting his father and learning the trades at the basis of building construction. In 1879, on reaching his majority, he moved to Southern Minnesota and was employed as a journeyman carpenter until 1887. in which year he came to Duluth, and the following year he and his brother engaged in the contracting and building business. His firm has maintained special facilities for jobbing work in store and office fixtures, but has also constructed outright many of the conspicuous buildings along Superior street and other thoroughfares. Several of these buildings are owned by Mr. IMolitor.

On April 23, 1887, he married Miss Mary F. Page, who grew up and was educated in Iowa. Of the three children born to their marriage two are now living, Fthel H., married, and Cliiiford F., now in the United States Army. He was trained at the Presidio in San Francisco four months, and then assigned to duty with the Medical Corps at Fort Snelling. Minnesota. Mr. Molitor is a Republican in politics and a member of the First Methodist Episcopal Church.

Gust Carlson. Closely connected with the wonderful development of the drilling business from crude pioneer business to the present modern sy.stem, and always an important factor in the civic life of the communities in which he has lived and worked. Gust Carlson, of Duluth. is easily one of the most important figures of the Mesaba Range, and one to whose energy, practical knowledge and executive ability much credit is due. He is a native of Sweden, where he was born September 17. 1869. a son of Louis Carlson.

In 1879 Louis Carlson came to the United States alone, and at first worked in the mines of Menominee, Marquette and the Gogebic Ranges, and was also in charge of several exploring camps, and when ore was struck on the Big Norah Mines he was among the first there. In 1891 he came to the Mesaba Range as an exjilorer and was cm])loycd by the Longyear interests, and ever afterward lived on this range. Later he worked for Barnes iS: I'pton. and discovered the Clark mine at Chisholm. This was long before the towns on the Mesaba Range were established. and he and his men had to live in camps. .'\s soon as Hib])ing was laid out Mr. Carlson moved there, and continued his connection with mining work until his death, which occurred in 1807. He was a quiet, unassuming man who was recognized as being a miner of much more than aver- age ability. In 1880 his son Charles came to this country and obtained employment on the Mesaba, largely as a mechanic with boilers and engines. A daughter, Bridget, came over in 1892, and she later became the wife of J. H. Carlson of Hibbing.

In February, 1888, Gust Carlson joined the family in this country, being at that time nineteen years of age, with a practical experience of five years as a machinist. While at that time he could not speak a word of English, he found compatriots at Hurley, Wisconsin, and being very intelligent and anxious to learn it was not long before he had an excellent working knowledge of the new language. At the time he was a resident of Hurley that city was in its "wild and wooly" days, and he remembers those frontier experiences very well. Leaving Hurley Mr. Carlson worked in various mines, and in the fall of 1890 went to Seattle, Washington, thence to California, and on April 1, 1893, landed on the Mesaba Range, coming by rail as far as Mountain Iron, from whence he went to the present site of the Pillsbury Mine, as an explorer in the employ of Barnes & Upton of Duluth, who had an option on what is now the Clark Mine. While making his explorations Mr. Carlson lived principally at Hibbing. While he followed mining and exploring, he gradually drifted into other avenues of endeavor. He worked as a test digger, mined in the Sellers Mine for a time, and then embarked in business as a driller contractor. For five years he continued in this line, and then organized the Carlson Exploration Company at Hibbing, of which he is yet president, although G. A. Wellner is now the active head. For years he was vice president of the Miners & Merchants State Bank of Hibbing, and for the past two years has been its president. Mr. Carlson is also president of the First National Bank of Chisholm. He is a part owner of the Morton Mine, and is financially interested in the concentrating plant at Old Mesaba, which is for the purpose of utilizing the low grade magnetic ores of the Eastern Mesaba Range. This bids fair to become one of the great industries of the ore business. In 1911, Mr. Carlson moved to Duluth, which has since been his home. He belongs to the Duluth Commercial Club and the Northland Country Club. At present he is activelv interested in the development of the Cuyuna Range, and owns a one-third interest of the ore body which has been under lease located on the southwest quarter of the northwest quarter, and the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter of section 17-46-29 on the Cuyuna Range, containing about 1.500.000 tons of good average grade of Cuyuna Range ore. This has admirable conditions for open pit working. Mr. Carlson also owns a third interest of the northwest quarter of the northwest quarter of section 17-46-29, consisting of large deposits, some 3.000.000 tons, of merchantable ore. Another holding of his is the Brainerd-Cuyuna mine fee of that range, which is equipped and developed to ship.

In 1896 Mr. Carlson was married to Hannah Forsman, and they have five children, namely : Oregon Catherine. Lars M., Virginia. Gustav, and William. Lars M. at the age of nineteen years was a student at the Minnesota State LTniversity, to which he had gone after being- graduated from Culver Military Academy, and was in the Students Reserve Corps, prepared to go abroad for service during the World war. when the signing of the Armistice made such action unnecessary.

Mr. Carlson is one of the interesting figures of Duluth, and his influence in the development of the. great ore industries cannot be overestimated. His knowledge of drilling and mining is practical and thorouo-h. and combined with it has been a firm and abiding faith in the possibilities of the Mesaba Range, which has enabled him to undertake large enterprises and carry them through to successful completion. His connection with an undertaking today means its ultimate success, and his name gives added strength to any concern, for it is admittedly a fact that he will not go into anything until he is certain that it and the people backing it are thoroughly dependable. Having played so important a part in the progress of the Northwest, he naturally takes great pride in it and the results which have come through his practical application of his knowledge and abilities.

Edwin D. Field. It is not an easy task to describe adequately a man who led an eminently active and useful Ufe and attained a position of relative distinction in the community with which his interests were allied. But biography finds its most perfect justification, nevertheless, in the tracing and recording of such a life history. It is, then, with a full appreciation of all that is demanded and of the painstaking scrutiny that must be accorded each statement, and yet with a feeling of satisfaction, that the writer essays the task of touching briefly upon the details of such a record as was that of Edwin D. Field, who passed from this life on the 16th of February, 1921.

Edwin D. Field was born June 25, 1858, at Montpelier, Vermont, a son of Cornelius A. and Maria (Dewey) Field, both of whom were also natives of Vermont. Cornelius A. Field was born February 4, 1825, and died on iVIay 21, 1907. He was the scion of an old New England family, the progenitors of which settled in that locality about 1730. Mr. Field became a man of considerable prominence in his native community, and as earlv as 1859 he was the organizer and the first president of a local organization known as the Young Men's Christian Association of Montpelier. In 1865 he removed with his family to Hanover, New Hampshire, where also he took a leading part in public affairs, having served as postmaster for twenty years and also as a member of the school board. In the fall of 1886, Mr. Field came to Duluth and engaged in the real estate and insurance business with his son. Edwin D. He and his wife were members of the Pilgrim Congregational Church of Duluth, of which he served as deacon from 1890 to 1897. Mrs. Field also was descended from an old New England family, the Deweys having settled in Connecticut in 1630. She was a first cousin of Dr. Julius Dewey, of Montpelier, Vermont, the father of Admiral Dewey. By her union with C. A. Field she became the mother of six children, five daughters and a son. Two of the daughters are deceased and the son was the second in order of birth..

Edwin D. Field after completing the common school course entered Dartmouth college, where he was graduated with the class of 1880. with the degree of Bachelor of Science. In 1881 he entered the employ of John Morrill 8: Company. Ltd., packers, at Ottumwa, Iowa, and Canton, Illinois, hut the following year he removed to Rock ford. Illinois, where he was employed as bookkeeper and teller in the Rock ford National Bank. In 1885 he came to Duluth and engaged in the real estate and insurance business, first as the E. D. Field Companv and later under the stvle of Field-Frey Company. Incorporated, which was organized in 1913. Of the latter coni])any Mr. Field became and continued as j>resident. and August J. Frey became vice president and secretarv. Mr. Frey and his wife were among the ill-fated persons who lo^^t thi-ir lives in the great forest fire of October 12. 1^18. In the real estate and insurance field Mr. Field attained a high place, handling a large and constantly increasijig volume of business and gained an enviable reputation as an able and reliable business man. He was one of the organizers and for many years treasurer and director of the Board of Fire Underwriters of Duluth, which incorporated and is operating the Salvage Corps of this city. He was also a director and during 1918 was president of the Dukith Board of Realtors, in addition to which he was connected with a number of other business enterprises of this city.

Mr. Field was a member of the Duluth Commercial Club, the Kitchi Gammi Club, the Duluth Curling Club, the Duluth Boat Club, and was also a member of the Beta Theta Pi college fraternity. Politically he was an independent Republican, while his religious affiiliation was with the Pilgrim Congregational Church of Duluth. On April 30, 1907, Mr. Field was married to Henrietta Barnes. They had a daughter, Elizabeth Barnes Field. In all life's relations Mr. Field was true to every obligation and thereby he won and retained the unqualified confidence and respect of his fellow men.

Willia:m D. Williams has had an active business career of more than half a century, and for nearly thirty years has been a contractor, broker and general operator in lumber and forest products at Duluth.

Mr. Williams was born in Wales in April, 1844, and twelve years later, in 1856, was brought by his parents across the ocean. The family joined a notable Welsh colony in Columbia county. Wisconsin, where some of the first and most prominent settlers came out of Wales during the forties and fifties. Mr. Williams' father was identified with farming in that part of W^isconsin until his death in 1890.

William D. Williams, oldest of six children, acquired only a limited education so far as schools were concerned. Perhaps the chief source of his education and means of opening vip to him a wide communication with life and affairs was the New York Tribune, a copy of which came regularly into the Williams home in Wisconsin. That paper was then at the height of its fame and power under the editorial management of Horace Greeley, and Mr. Williams attributes to the studious reading of its columns most of the early education he acquired, and a knowledge that has been sufficient for his business career. At the age of sixteen he went to Milwaukee and for five years was employed in a commision house. After that he was engaged in the produce business on his own account at Berlin, Wisconsin, for twenty-two years, and on May 22. 1891, came to Duluth and took up the line of work in which he has ever since been engaged, handling lumber, railroad ties, telegraph and telephone posts, and similar materials. The past quarter of a century he has furnished many railroad companies with a large part of their wood equipment. Mr. Williams is a Republican voter. He married many years ago Jennie H. Howell, a native of Ohio, now deceased. He has three children, namely : Walter D. Williams, Western Agent for the Security Fire Insurance Company, with headquarters in Rock ford, IlHnois ; Florence, living at home, and Juanita, also at home. Mr. Williams built a home on Twelfth avenue, East, in 1892, and is still living there.

Coleman F. Naughton. A native son of Duluth, and now one of the Board of County Commissioners for St. Louis county, Coleman F. Navighton is well known in several cities and over a large part of the Central West for his work as a newspaper cartoonist. He began sketching while a schoolboy in Duluth, and after deciding to make use of his talent as a profession he studied art in Chicago, at the same time earning his living by oftice work, and after gaining recognition his cartoons

Duluth And St. Louis County 111

Mr. Naughton was born in Duluth, May 24, 1877, his birthplace being the home on First street near First avenue, West. He is a son of Coleman F. and Margaret (Connelly) Naughton. His father, a native of Ireland, came to America in 1855, was a railroad worker in Pennsylvania, and in 1875 moved to Duluth and was superintendent for the Northwestern Fuel Company of this city until his death. The family of six children, two sons and four daughters, are all living.

Coleman F. Naughton, Jr., youngest of the children, was educated in the grammar and high schools of Duluth. While working as a bookkeeper and in general office work in Chicago he attended the Art Institute, where he perfected himself for his profession. As a cartoonist his work appeared for several seasons in the Minneapolis Tribune, later he was on the art stafif of the Louisville Times, then with the Boston American, and finally with the Duluth Herald in his home city. Mr. Naughton was elected a member of the Board of County Commissioners in November, 1917, and began his term of four years, January 1. 1918. He is a Republican and a member of the Kiwanis Club and Elks Club.

August 12, 1905, he married Sarah J. Buskirk. They were married at Minneapolis, but Mrs. Naughton was born in Indiana, a member of an old family of that state. Her ancestors were Holland Dutch pioneers of New Amsterdam, and through the military service of other ancestors she is a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution.

F. .S. Mills. During the three years that it has been in existence, the Mills Transfer Storage Company has enjoyed a wholesome and consistent growth, its success evidencing the value of its business policy as outlined in its slogan, "The acme in service at the most reasonable rates." The founder of this Duluth industry, F. .S. Mills, has enterprisingly forged his way to a position of recognized substantiality in his field of endeavor. He was born July 8, 1874, in Bigstone county, Minnesota, a son of Albert Mills, a native of New York.

F. S. Mills, the eldest in a family of four children, was educated in the public schools of Ortonville, Minnesota, and spent the early part of his life in agricultural pursuits, becoming the owner of a valuable farm, which he later sold. He had varied experiences in commercial enterprises prior to coming to Duluth in 1917, at which time he became identified with the Bridgman-Russell Company. Not long after his arrival he founded the Mills Transfer .Storage Company, associating with him his son, E. C. Mills, who graduated in the class of 1917 from the University of Minnesota. Since that time another son, A. W. Mills, has been admitted to ])artnershi]). At this time the company's transfer headquarters are located at 213 Fourth avenue. West. This concern does all kinds of draying, moving, freight baggage packing and shipping, and makes a specialty of moving furniture, for which purpose it has three of the largest van motor cars in the city. The company receives its full share of patronage and its customers are daily growing in volume. It has been the aim and ])olicy of the company to serve each and everyone of its customers to the best of its ability, believing that a satisfied patron )s Its best advertisement. 1 he furniture equipment of the Mills concern is of the best, and its furniture craters and packers are among the most efficient to be found at the Head of the Lakes. In the transfer line daily deliveries are made to and from Duluth. .Superior. West Duluth. Riverside. Smithville, Morgan I'ark, Ciary and New Duluth.

Mr. Mills has built up this business solely through his ability progressiveness and foresight, and in rearing his structure of business success has gained and held the confidence of those with whom he has been associated and those with whom he has come into contact. He has several important civic and club connections and takes an interested part in the active city life going on about him. In 1895 Mr. Mills married, and he and Mrs. Mills are the parents of six children.

Edward J. Filiatrault. Fealty to facts in the analyzation of the character of a citizen of the type of Edward J. Filiatrault, of Duluth, is all that is required to make a biographical sketch interesting to those who have at heart the good name of the community, because it is the honorable reputation of the man of standing and affairs more than any other consideration that gives character and stability to the body politic and makes the true glory of a city or state revered at home and respected in other localities. In the broad light which things of good report ever invite the name and character of Mr. Filiatrault stand revealed and secure and, though of modest demeanor, with no ambition to distinguish himself in public position or as a leader of men, his career has been signally honorable and patriotic and it may be studied with profit by the youth just entering upon his life work.

Edward J. Filiatrault was born June 11, 1876, at Faribault, Minne-"^ sota, and is the son of Edward and Rose (Payant) Filiatrault, both of whom are now deceased, the father dying in 1914, and his wife passing away the following year. Edward Filiatrault was born in Canada, where he lived until about 1855, when he came alone to Minnesota, locating first in the city of St. Paul, where he obtained employment as a toolmaker, which vocation he followed during all his active years. A year afterward he moved to Faribault, where he lived a number of years, but finally, in 1886, moved to Duluth, where he spent the remainder of his life. He bore a most excellent reputation as a man among men, observing the closest ethics of correct living, and by the strength of his own character he gave stability to the communities in which he lived. In 1856, about eighteen months after he came to Minnesota, he married Rose Payant, and they became the parents of eleven children, of which number the subject of this sketch is the fifth in order of birth, he being a twin brother of Albert, who also is living.

Edward J. Filiatrault received his educational training in the public schools of Faribault and Duluth, attending the high school in the latter city for three years and graduating with the class of 1894. After completing his education he went to Buffalo. New York, and took a twoyear course in electric engineering. He then entered the employ of the Northern Steamship Company and sailed as chief electrician on the .steamer "Northland" in 1896, 1897 and a part of 1898. In the summer of the latter year he came to Duluth and took charge of electrical construction work and engineering for the Burgess Electric Company, with whom he remained in that capacity until 1901. In the latter vear he entered business on his own account, forming a partnership with Emil A. Nelson, under the firm name of the Mutual Electric and Auto Companv. engaging in electrical contracting and engineering and in the automobile business. This partner^ship was continued until Julv. 1908. when the partnership was severed, Mr. Nelson taking the electrical business under the name of the Mutual Electric Companv and Mr. Filiatrault continuing the automobile business as the Mutual Auto Company.

Duluth And St. Louis County 775

at that time brought the first car to Duluth, a single-cyHnder Oldsmobile runabout. Following him, Ward Ames bought a two-cylinder Winton, which was then capable of making a speed of twenty-eight miles an hour, and at that period the Winton held the world's record, twenty-eight miles per hour. W. E. Brown then carne out with a third car, a single-cylinder, five-passenger Thomas Flyer, of ten-horse power. Then the Rambler became known here. In 1903 Mr. Filiatrault and Victor Huot each purchased a two-cylinder, eighty-five-inch wheel base Model K Rambler, five passenger, which in their day were wonderful cars. Following the advent of these cars Lou Martin and D. G. Cutler purchased White Steamer cars. From that day to this the automobile industry has developed to such a point that in the city of Duluth alone it supports five thousand cars. It has made this city a big distributing center, the aggregate volume of business handled through this city amounting to over twenty mil- Hon dollars annually, Duluth today being recognized as one of the most important distributing centers for motor vehicles in the United States. Until the year 1911 Duluth held but little importance as a distributing center, but through the untiring efiforts of Mr. Filiatrault arrangements were made for the distribution of the Ford cars from this point. Then in 1915 the Willys-Overland Company recognized the value of Duluth as a distributing center and arrangements were made with Mr. Filiatrault for the distribution of Overland cars in northern Minnesota. Wisconsin and a part of Michigan. Previous to these events the Twin Cities (Saint Paul and Minneapolis) had enjoyed the distinction of distributing most all commodities at the Head of the Lakes, but today Duluth is holding its own with these cities as a large jobbing and distributing center. In all of this development Mr. Filiatrault has had a large share, and to him more than to any other man is due the credit for the wonderful advance made along these lines here, which has proven such an asset to Duluth.

Intensely public spirit and generous in his attitude toward young men starting in life and who show a disposition to apply themselves honestly and faithfully to their object, Mr. Filiatrault has given substantial assistance to several young men who are now numbered among Duluth 's successful business men. He has also taken a keen interest in all matters affecting the civic welfare and has been active in promoting the material, educational and moral interests of the community.

He has been so intensely interested in the welfare of young men about to enter into business life that he is frequently called upon to lecture in our i)ublic schools on the essentials in life that constitutes business success.

Like all successful men in a live, thriving coninnmitv. he has had his hobbies in a civic way. The promotion of good highways and farm roads, perhaps there is no better qualified man in the city of Duluth other than Mr. Filiatrault on road develo])ment. particularly in .Saint Louis county and generally throughout the state. He has been most active in Legislative matters particularly pertaining to higliway and farm road imjirovements. In 1919, mainly through his untiring efforts and ability to organize at a referendum election. St. Louis county voted, through its citizens, a seven and a half million dollar bond issue for the building of hard surfaced highways on its 270 mile highway .system.

During the last few years little has been known to the general public of his affiliation with several of Duluth's indu'^tries. He ha^ refrained from accepting any appointments on boards of directors, but ncyertheless as a stockholder he is identified witli, and his judgment in business matters with tlie companies in which he is interested is sought on numerous occasions. He is a holder of considerable real estate represented by

Just prior to the entry of the United States into the great World War Mr. Filiatrault was appealed to by the Department of Justice to organize a secret service division of volunteer Duluth citizens to assist the department in investigating pro-Germanism and all organizations or individuals who were working against our Government. Mr. Filiatrault replied by wire, accepting the responsibility, and in less than thirty days the American Protective League (commonly known as the A. P. L.), the secret service volunteer division of the Department of Justice, was organized in seven divisions, as follows : Industrial, railroad, transportation, commercial, telephone, telegraph, steamboat and docks and a flying squadron. Mr. Filiatrault was appointed chief of the Duluth district division. Each of the sub-divisions enumerated above had from twenty-five to forty members., the entire organization being made up of 208 prominent business men who volunteered their services for the cause. The activities of the Duluth Division of the American Protective League has gone down in history as being the premier organization as regards efficiency of any district in the United States. This division has the record of clearing up more cases of pro-Germanism and sedition by thorough investigation; of causing the greatest number of arrests, and detentions in a great many cases ; of deportations of guilty parties to the various Federal prisons ; of the rounding up of a number of army deserters, and the ferreting out in a thorough and business like manner of more obstinate cases detrimental to the welfare of the Government and the winning of the great war than any city of like population in the United States. One notable example of their work were the activities of some of the members on snow-shoe cruises in the northern wilds of Minnesota. Wisconsin and Michigan and the rounding up of violaters of the war laws. The Duluth Division has also to its credit the discovery of seventeen wireless stations, located in the wilds of northern Minnesota, capable of receiving and delivering messages to either coast. These stations, all of which were demolished, had been operated by German ex-officers or under German supervision. The Flying Squadron, which consisted of fifteen prominent Duluth citizens owning automobiles at the disposal of the Duluth Division, covered in excess of fifty thousand miles in the performance of their duties.

One of the peculiar features of the organization in carrying out this secret work of investigation for the Government was that each division had a captain and lieutenant, and these were the only persons in each division who knew who the Chief was, he being known as C-1. The captains and lieutenants also were operating under symbol letters and each operative of each division were also assigned symbol letters and ntunbers and thev, in turn, did not know who the other operatives in their respective divisions were, outside of the captains and lieutenants. All communications pertaining to the work of the Duluth division of the American Protective League was in written form, addressed in symbol letter and number to the proper officer and signed in symbol letter and mimber by the operative. The Department of Jtistice today has a complete record of every person living in the Duluth district who uttered words against the Government from April 1, 1917. until the Duluth division was disbanded under Federal instructions on February 1, 1919. This was a contribution made by Mr. Filiatrault to the winning of the great war which has never been made public, as the work of this division and the personnel of its membership has been maintained a closed secret until now. It may be said in this connection that Washington recognizes that the work of the Duluth division was of such a high character that undoubtedly it was the reason that this important industrial center, with its mines and other interests that meant so much to the winning of the great war, was kept free and clear of any depredations or losses during the great struggle.

During the World War period in addition to the responsibilities, which he assumed, just enumerated above Mr. Filiatrault was an active member of Local Draft Board Number F"our, and he held the title of secretary of the board, and only those who know can fully appreciate just the amount of time and sacrifice that was made by the Local Boards in the fulfillment of their duties during this trying period. Almost 5,000 drafties were entered into the service through this Local Board. It can be readily seen at a glance that he, like all other extremely patriotic Americans, more than contributed his part in this self sacrificing work, without remuneration, to assist in winning the war.

Politically Mr. Filiatrault until 1910 has been a Democrat. He is a great admirer of President Wilson, but since that time a Republican. Though taking a deep interest in public afifairs, he has steadfastly refused to stand for election to any public office, preferring to give his entire time to the development of his own business. He is a member of the Commercial Club, the Rotary Club, the Elks Club, the Boat Club, the Curling Club, the Sportsman's Club and various other organizations. In 1910 he was one of the organizers of the Rotary Club, and in 1911 was elected its president. In 1919 he was again elected president, this being the first time in the history of the International Rotary that a president of any club has been chosen to that office a second time. The Rotary Club, one of the best known organizations in Duluth, represents an organization of 200 prominent business men, each member representing a different line of business. Mr. l^^iliatrault is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and in 1912 was elected exalted ruler of the local lodge, and in 1919 was again honored with the same office. The Duluth Lodge of Elks has a total membership of 1.150 and is distinctively American in character. During the W^orld war the Elks took a prominent part in raising the finances necessary to carry on the great struggle and in building u]) and stinuilating a spirit of Americanism. They raised a fund of $45,000 for the Salvation Army. For service in the great war the Elks furnished 110 of its members, some of whom will never return. During the entire war period the Elks Lodge maintained all of these boys in good standing, fathered them on the other side in a great many ways and won the thanks and respect of all for its splendid record. Religiously Mr. Filiatrault is a member of the Catholic Church, and he is also president of the French Naturalization Club. His chief diversions from the cares and routine of business is in his fondness for hunting and fishing, in the interests of which he devotes more time to living in the wilds of Northern Minnesota than any other man in Duluth. He has a summer home and hunting lodge about forty miles north of Duluth, and tiiere lie and his family have spent their summers for the ])ast ten years.

On January 26. 1902, Mr. Filiatrault was married to .Andrea Cliaput. who was born in Marquette, Michigan, the daughter of George Chaput. She was educated in the Duluth schools to the age of ten years, when she went to Montreal and took a convent and seminary course. She has been active in church work and also took a large ])art in the Red Cross and other war work. .She has borne her husband the following children : Victor, aged nineteen years; Lorcn F.. deceased; Loretta. aged sixteen; Rose, aged fourteen, and Doris, six vears of age. Mr. I'iliatrault has been one of the leading men of affairs of this rity in the most important period of its development, and he has played well his part in the progress of the same in every way possible. Possessing a genial personality, he has gained a host of warm personal friends, who accord to him the utmost confidence and esteem.

Clement Kruse Quinn was educated as a mining engineer, and that is the profession he has followed while building up very extensive relations with the mining industry of Northern Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin and Ontario, Canada. He is now president of Clement K. Quinn & Company, an expert organization for handling every phase of mining operations, both production and marketing.

A native of Wisconsin, Clement K. Quinn was born at Oshkosh June 18, 1885, a son of M. C. and Emma (Kruse) Quinn. His father at the age of sixty-one is still living, a resident of Negaunee, Michigan, and has spent most of his active years in general business, being now partly retired.

Oldest in a family of three children, Clement K. Quinn attended the' grade schools of Negaunee, took a literary course at Notre Dame University and graduated from the Michigan College of Mines with the degrees B. S. and M. E. His first professional experience was in the lead and zinc country in Wisconsin, and for aboyt a year he was connected with the development of the Baraboo iron district in Wisconsin. He came to the Mesaba Range in the capacity of engineer for the great steel corporation of Jones & Laughlin in 1907, and at the conclusion of that service in 1914 was chief engineer for that company. Since then he has been in the iron mining industry for himself, with offices at Virginia, Minnesota, but since 1915 has been a resident of Duluth with offices at Duluth and Cleveland.

His business, operated under the corporation of Clement K. Quinn & Company, consists in exploring, mining, operating mines, selling and shipping iron ores. His organization operates two mines on the Cuyuna Range, four mines on the Mesaba and one mine on the Marquette Range in Michigan, these properties having an output of about a million tons a year. Mr. Quinn is a member of the Kitchi Gammi Club, the Northland Country Club, the Boat Club, the Commercial Club and the Tettegouchee Club.

Paul F. Chamberlain, mutuality chairman at Virginia for the Oliver Iron Mining Company, is another of the efficient and popular executives actively identified with important mining interests in the Mesaba Range, and his childish memories touch the mining country, for he was born on the Marquette Range of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, the date of his nativity having been November 17, 1875. He is a son of Oscar H. and Kittie (Fairfield) Chamberlain, but the mother died in 1898. The father is engaged in the insurance business, he previously having given many years of effective service as a teacher in the public schools. As a child Paul F. Chamberlain was taken from his native district to Iron Mountain, on the Menominee Range in northern Michigan, and there he was reared to the age of fourteen years with public-school advantages. At that age he gained his first practical experience in business by assvmiing the position of office boy in the offices of the Chapin Mine. While thus applying himself he continued his educational work by attending night school, and that he made substantial progress as a student is shown by the fact that later he was for two years a teacher in the public schools of Northern Michigan. His well fortified ambition then lead him to enter the University of Wisconsin, in which admirable institution he continued his studies three years, specializing in civil engineering and in the meanwhile depending upon his own exertions and resources in defraying his incidental and college expenses.

In the spring of 1900 Mr. Chamberlain came to St. Louis county, Minnesota, and after remaining a few weeks at Eveleth he became in 1901 engineer of the Soudan Mine at Soudan, this county. In 1905 he was advanced to the position of assistant superintendent of this mine, and he retained this incumbency until 1910, when he resigned. Thereafter he passed about three years in the west, principally in mining districts, and in 1914 returned to St. Louis county and at Virginia became underground foreman in the Alpena Mine, owned and operated by the Oliver Iron Mining Company. Thereafter he held the position of night mining-captain, and in the spring of 1917 began to give special attention to the developing of the mutuality plan or system in mining enterprise, a plan which was finally adopted by the Oliver Iron Mining Company and in connection with which he has since served most effectively as mutuality chairman. This department was established for the purpose and as a medium of adjusting all labor troubles arising between the company and its employes, and has proved a most effective agent in maintaining harmonious and mutually satisfactory relations. Air. Chamberlain is a member of the Engineers Club of Northern Minnesota and is affiliated with the Virginia lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. His political allegiance is given to the Republican party, he is a loyal and progressive citizen who has secure place in popular esteem in his home community, and during the nation's participation in the World war he was active and influential in the local drives and campaigns in support of the various Governmental loans. Red Cross work. etc.

In 1901 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Chamberlain to Miss Marguerite Harbaugh, of Virginia, and they have two children - Pauline and Ross.

Fred Lercii is a member of Lerch Brothers, chemists, pioneers in their profession in the Iron Range district, head of what is said to be the largest inde])endent organization of industrial chemists in the world. Fred Lerch has for many years been an honored citizen of Virginia, while George Lerch, his brother, lives at Hibbing. Concerning the latter a s|)ccial sketch is written elsewhere.

Fred Lerch was born at Easton, Pennsylvania, November 10, 1869, son of David and .Sarah (Young) Lerch. His father was a contractor in business. He died in 1910, at the age of eighty-eight.

Fred Lerch grew up in his native town, attended public schools, and^ graduated in 1891 from Lafayette College, just two years after his brother. He received the degree of mining engineer, and for six months after graduation filled the post of instructor in inorganic chemistry at Lafayette College. He then went to Cuba and for ten months was a chemist and mining captain. Returning to tlie I'nitcd .States in November, 1892, he and his brother, George, in December, started for the Mesaba Range in Northern Minnesota to make their professional skill available to that newly discovered mining district. VVom Duluth they took cars to Mountain Iron, which was the raihvav terminus, and the stage driven by H. J. Eaton brought tliem to \'irginia. then :i hamlet of two or three hundred people. The Lerch Brothers ui)on their arrival opened a small laboratorv as chemists. Their first customer was the Oliver Mining Companv. With the exception of one year thev have maiiUained an otTice in Virginia ever since. .\t the opening of the Mahoning Mine at Hibbing, and soon after the first shipping was started, in 1895 Fred Lerch, who had been over the district on foot in 1892, estabHshed a laboratory there, and Hibbing has for a quarter of a century been one of the most important centers of their extensive business. Their business has grown and developed with the development of the Range country, and their operations at the present time are handled through thirteen separate laboratories. Both as citizens as well as technical men in the iron industry the Lerch brothers know the history of the Mesaba Range practically complete. Their first laboratory at Virginia was in a two-story frame building on Chestnut street, where Casey & Pastermaki's drug store is now located. The lower floor of this building was occupied by the Presbyterian Church, the City Hall and a real estate office, the upper floor being used by the Lerch Brothers Laboratory. The Lerch Brothers came to Northern Minnesota about the beginning of the tremendous financial depression known as the panic of 1893. It required persistence and determination on their part as well as on other industrial organizations to maintain a precarious foothold in the face of hardship and adversity. There was practically no money in the district at that time. The Lerch Brothers did some professional work for Frank Rockefeller, who paid them with his personal note for two hundred dollars. The Oliver Mining Company at one time, despite the fact that its resources have for many years been almost unlimited, were unable to pay them cash for services to the amount of only five hundred dollars. These were some of the embarrassments that afford a suggestive view of some of the early days in Range histdry.

For ten years Fred Lerch lived at Biwabik, but with that exception his home has been in Virginia continuously. He owns an interest in valuable iron ore property in southwest Utah, and has some fruit orchards in New Jersey, forty-five miles from New. York City. He was one of the three incorporators of the American Exchange National Bank of Virginia, Minnesota, on March 9, 1904, and is a member of the Board of Directors. He is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason and Shriner. November 10, 1900, Mr. Lerch married Miss Eleanor IMiller. Her father. W. R. Miller, located at Merritt, now practically Biwabik, in December, 1902. The two children of Mr. and Mrs. Lerch are Glen B. and Muriel M.

Oscar A. Berglund. In the great material growth and expansion of Duluth during the past twenty years an important service has been rendered by Oscar A. Berglund and his organization of contractors and builders. He is senior partner of Berglund, Peterson & Person, who have rather made a specialty of fine residence construction, and have a personnel and mechanical equipment in their plant at 131 West Second street for the very finest work in their line.

Mr. Berglund was born in Sweden December 2, 1876, and grew up and received a careful training in carpentry and cabinet making in his native country. In 1902 he came to America and located at Duluth, and followed his trade as a journeyman until 1908. Since then he has been a contractor, for the first year in partnership with Martin Olsen under the name Berglund & Olsen. After that he conducted an individual organization as a contractor and builder until 1914, when Joseph Peterson joined him as the firm of Berglund & Peterson, contractors and builders, and two years later they took in A. E. Person, making the firm as at present, Berglund. Peterson & Person. Examples of their fine workmanship can be found in handsome residences all over the city, one or two examples selected at random being the Keechi, the Newell, the Par- .sons and Westbrook residences. The firm maintains a complete factory at 131 West Second street for the manufacture of office and store furniture, and have an organization of some sixteen or eighteen experienced workmen in this branch of their business.

Mr. Berglund is independent in poHtics, and is an active member of the Bethany Lutheran Church, in the rebuildmg of which his firm had an important part. June 12, 1909, Mr. Berglund married Miss Elvera Horngren, of Duluth, but a native of Sweden. They have three children, Phoebe, William and John.

Edward A. Dahl, who was a resident of Duluth nearly a quarter of a century, and whose sturdy character and splendid efforts brought him from modest beginnings to a position of comfort and influence in the community, was the type of citizen who could not well be spared and whose death on October 14, 1920, was a great loss to the business and civic interests and ideals which he had so faithfully served. His life was one of unceasing industry and perseverance, and the systematic and honorable methods he followed won for him the unbounded confidence of his fellow citizens of Duluth.

Edward A. Dahl was born in Norway on the 1st day of August, 1860. He was reared and educated in his native land, where he remained until twenty-three years of age, coming in 1883 to the United States. He first located in Kslu Claire. Wisconsin, where he obtained employment for one year with the Northwestern Lumber Company. He then moved to Chippewa Falls, \\'isconsin, where he worked at the carpenter trade for about three years. He came to Duluth in April, 1887, and engaged for a time in work at his trade, and then went to Superior, Wisconsin, and was employed in a sash and door factory up to 1889. He then engaged in the contracting business in that city, in which he met with splendid success, erecting the John Brickson School, one of the fine school houses in that city, besides a number of bridges and docks. Mr. Dahl engaged in the contracting business in partnershijj with Martin O. Haugner. under the firm name of Haugner & Dahl. This association after being continued about three years dissolved. Afterwards Mr. Dahl took up the street paving business in Superior, Duluth and the Ranges, and up to his death was active in that line, including the construction of waterworks and drainage ditches, the latter class of work demanding his special attention. He operated alone until March 31. 1913. when his business was incorporated under the name of E. A. Dahl & Company. The officials of the company were at the time E. A. Dahl. president; J. A. Robertson, secretary; R. M. Hughes, treasurer. This firm has done considerable street paving in Duluth and Braincrd. Minnesota, and in Michigan and Wisconsin. Prior to Mr. Dahl's death the company was handling extensive drainage contracts in Beltrami county. Minnesota, comprising two hundred and forty miles of drainage and two hundred and twenty miles of road leveling, an enterprise involving nearly half a million dollars. Prior to that the company had built state rural highways across Beltrami county for a distance of alK)ut fortv miles, and also had two drainage contracts in Koochiching county. Mr. Dahl was a widely recognized expert in this class of work, and his reputation was based not only on his practical ability but the thorough honest wav in which he handled his undertakinsrs, there being no "come back" on any contracts performed by him. This undoubtedly was the secret of the splendid success which came to him and which won Iiini the confidence of all who knew him.

Mr. Dahl was one of the organizers of the Norwegian Lutheran Church at Superior, but for a number of years before his death was a member of the First Norwegian Lutheran Church of Duluth, of which he was an elder. He was a strong advocate of Sunday schools and served for about fifteen years as superintendent of the Sunday school of the Norwegian Lutheran Church at Superior. He was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Aftenro Society and a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason.

The late Mr. Dahl was generous in his attitude toward others and while successfully conducting his own business at Superior was instrumental in materially aiding other parties in doing a profitable business along the same line. While he carried on a special line of business in such a manner as to gain a comfortable competency for himself, he also belonged to that class of representative citizens who promoted the public welfare while advancing individual success. He possessed sterling traits that commanded uniform confidence and regard, and even this brief record reveals some of the fine qualities which gained him perfect esteem in the community.

Jay O. Bergeson. The lives of a number of the energetic young men of the country prove that a man does not need strong fiaancial backmg or the influence of interested parties in order to advance. Some of those who are today holding the most responsible of positions with large corporations are those who have steadily risen because of their natural ability and their sincere interest in their work. One of these excellent representatives of the class referred to is Jay O. Bergeson, auditor and assistant treasurer of the Mesaba Railway Company at Virginia.

Jay O. Bergeson was born at Cumberland. Barron county, Wisconsin, April 10, 1889, a son of Mostow G. and Isabelle (Stene) Bergeson, both of whom are now deceased. Jay O. Bergeson is one of the seven children born to them. For the first fifteen years of his life he lived at Cumberland, where he was a student in the public schools, and he later took a commercial course at the Duluth Business College at Duluth. Minnesota.

At the age of fifteen he left home and for two years worked as a common laborer at Cloquet, Minnesota, being connected with the sawmills at that place. He then went to Duluth and became switch operator in the Duluth fire department. In September, 1909. he came to the Mesaba Range, and was first employed as timekeeper, warehouse man and clerk, spending the greater portion of his time at Virginia as an employe of the Oliver Iron Mining Company, but on June "10, 1912, he entered the service of the Western Construction Company, which was then engaged in building the present Mesaba Railroad, first as head timekeeper. His merits won him promotion and he was made cashier, and soon after the property was taken over by the Mesaba Railroad Company Mr. Bergeson was made assistant treasurer and auditor and has continued as such ever since, and is an active factor in his company. During the great war he took an active part in supporting the various measures of the administration, and held official positions with the local organizations.

On June 13. 1912, Mr. Bergeson was married to Miss Esther Reese, and they have one daughter, Katherine. Mr. Bergeson is a member of the Lutheran Church, and active in the local congregation. His political convictions make him a Renublican. WeW known in Masonry, he has risen in his fraternity and is now a Knight Templar. Mr. Bergeson is an enthusiast with reference to the great Mesaba Range and is proud of the fact that he is connected with so important a factor in its development. His energy and abihty are unquestioned and he is destined to travel much farther on the road to success along which he has already made considerable progress.

) Andrew Hawkinson. The record of every worthy life bears its measure of lesson and incentive, and in America there has ever been paid special honor to the man who has achieved success through his own efforts and so ordered his life in all its relations as to merit the confidence and good will of his fellow men. The sterling citizen whose name initiates this review came to America as a young man o^ twenty-two years, poor in purse but rich in ambition and in determination to achieve prosperity through earnest and honest endeavor. That his ambition has not been denied tangible realization is shown by the fact that he is now one of the prosperous merchants and representative citizens of Virginia and holds prestige as one of the loyal and public-spirited men of St. Louis county. He was born in Sweden November 23, 1857, a son of Hawkin Anderson, who was in his earlier career a miller by occupation and who later was employed as custodian of timbered tracts owned by large landholders in his native land, his position in this connection having been locally designated as "bush watcher." He and his wife remained in Sweden until their deaths.

The schools of his native land afforded to Andrew Hawkinson his early education, and he waxed strong in mind and physique with the passing years, with the result that he was a sturdy young man of fine principles and determined purpose when, in 1880, he severed the home ties and gallantly set forth to seek his fortunes in the United States, where he felt assured of better opportunities of winning success through individual effort. He made his way to Elk Rapids, Michigan, where his first employment was in the loading of cordwood for the burning of charcoal. His alert mentality soon enabled him to make good progress, in command of the English language, and thus he overcame a definite handicap, as did he also in connection with other adverse conditions that confronted him from time to time. In 1884 he came to St. Louis county. Minnesota, and found employment in the mines at Tower, which was then a mere mining hamlet of about four houses. Later he took a position as clerk in a mercantile store at that place, and after gaining a fortifying knowledge of the various details of this line of enterprise he engaged! independently in the general merchandise business, on a very modest scale. He continued his residence at Tower until 1894, when he marked another decisive step of progress by removing to Virginia, which then had a population of about 4,000, and here engaged in the same line of business upon a more extended scale and with greater incidental facilities. His civic loyaltv has been unstinted and has denoted his deep appreciation of and allegiance to his adopted country. His ability and sterling character marked him as eligible for positions of public trust, and he served seven years as citv treasurer of Virginia, besides which, in 1906, he was further honored in being elected mayor of the citv. The estimate placed upon his administration was significantlv manifest in his re-election in 1908, and his record as niavor has passed into the records of the muncij^alitv and the communitv as one of the soundest and best in the annals of Virginia. Within his regime was initiated the paving of the streets of the citv. six miles of paving having been completed within the period of his administration .t^ niavor. He wa^; a member of the Board of Trustees df the X'irginia TuMic Library at the time when the present fine library building was erected, and for nine years he gave characteristically earnest and efficient service as a member of the Board of Education. For years his helpful influence has been given through his membership in the St. Louis county poor commission, and it may well be understood that he has lived up to the best ideals of American citizenship in all of the relations of his busy and useful life. He is a staunch advocate and supporter of the principles of the Republican party, has received the thirty-second degree of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite of Masonry, besides holding membership in the Mystic Shrine, and his name is found also on the roll of members of the local lodges of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He and his family are communicants of the Swedish Lutheran Church.

In the year 1885 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Hawkinson to Miss Mary Sokness, who was born in Norway, and of this union were born eight children, namely: Ever (deceased), Harry, Carl, Arnold, Mabel, John, Effie and Alice. Both Carl and Arnold were afforded the advantages of the University of Minnesota, the former specializing in forestry and the latter in agriculture, and both gave loyal military service during the nation's participation in the great World war. Prior to this Carl had been in the service of the Government as a forester, surveyor and engineer, and in connection with the war he passed eighteen months in France as a member' of the Engineers Corps. Arnold's service did not involve his crossing the Atlantic to the stage of active conflict.

Ernest B. Dunning. One of the leading business men and representative citizens of Duluth is Ernest B. Dunning, of Dunning & Dunning, Inc., which conduct one of the largest insurance agencies in the northwest. He is a man of influence in local affairs and is thoroughly in sympathy with any movement looking toward the betterment or advancement of his community, being worthy of the confidence and respect which his fellow citizens have freely accorded to him.

Ernest B. Dunning was born July 29, 1881, in DuBois, Pennsylvania, and is a son of Frank A. and Myra Dunning, the eldest of the four children born to them. Frank A. Dunning, who died in the year 1918, was a retail shoe merchant for many years, but retired from active business some time before his death. Ernest B. Dunning attended the common schools, completing his studies in the State Normal School at Fredonia, New York, also taking a commercial course in a business college in that city. His first initiation into business, however, was at the early age of seven years, when he began selling newspapers. After completing his education he entered the employ of the Jewell Nursery Company at Lake City. Minnesota, with whom he remained three years. In 1904 Mr. Dunning went to Hibbing, Minnesota, and for the following five years served as cashier for the Itasca Mercantile Company. In 1909 he became assistant secretary of the Union Mutual Insurance Company of Duluth, with whom he remained two years. At the end of that time he became associated with C. H. Dunning, and they formed the firm of Dunning & Dunning, which has had a splendid record of continuous success. This company, which is incorporated, has the following officers : C. H. Dunning, president; Ernest B. Dunning, vice president and treasurer; and M. I. Stafford, secretary. Their greatest success has been in the development of the business of the Aetna Life Insurance Company and affiliated companies over the northern half of Minnesota and northern Wisconsin, an evidence of this being the fact that they are now conducting the largest general agency the Aetna Company has in the entire northwest. This success has not come to them unsoHcited, but is the result solely of their earnest, determined and unremitting efforts. Mr. Dunning is recognized as a man of forceful personality, of strong interest in the welfare of his conmiunity and with broad and well defined ideas of life. Because of his success and his excellent personal qualities he enjoys to a marked degree the esteem and regard of all with whom he comes in contact.

Byron J. Kelsey. Opportunities for the development of business enterprise or for laying the foundations of a new undertaking in Virginia are amply demonstrated in the case of Byron J. Kelsey, who moved from Pine county, Minnesota, to Virginia in 1916. Contrary to the advice of the "knowing" ones, he embarked in the implement business, founding in 1917 the Kelsey Mercantile Company, of which he became president. In the intervening period he has built up a large retail implement business, and of this undertaking H. C. Kelsey is the present manager. Byron J. Kelsey was one of the chief organizers of the Farmers and Merchants State Bank, of which he is vice president, and to the interests of this institution he now devotes the greater part of his attention.

Mr. Kelsey was born on a farm in Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin, March 10. 1855, a son of Wilson and Jane Ann (Chittendon) Kelsey, natives of New York state. In 1856 the parents moved to Minnesota, and Wilson Kelsey pre-empted one hundred and sixty acres of land in Cherry (irove township, Goodhue county. They were pioneers in that part of the state, and in that early day experienced all the vicissitudes and hardships of the pioneer stage. \Vith but a sparse population in the district, few neighbors, distant markets, and slow means of transportation the Kelsey family found life an uphill task for several years. Not discouraged, however, the elder Kelsey stuck to his task, and by way of "^ni^plementing his earnings he worked on the building" of the railroad into St. Paul, this being the first railroad constructed in Minnesota.

It was amid those surroundings and in checkered circumstances that Byron J. Kelsey grew up. He attended the district schools, and as he advanced in years he worked out at such labor as his hands could find to do. Thrifty by habit, he managed to save enough money from his scant earnings to enable him to enter Wasiaja Seminary, and it is worthy of note that he managed to make ends meet for an average expense of eighty-seven cents a week. He had a free-rent room and did chores about the neighborhood.

W'hen he had reached the age of twenty-one years Mr. Kelsey engaged in mercantile pursuits at Fairpoint, having a brother for a partner. The success which attended their initial efforts induced them some time later to open a branch store at Aurora. Brookins county. South Dakota, and of the new cnter]:)rise Byron J. became manager. In 1876 he returned to Minnesota and founded a bank at New Brigliton. acting in the capacity of president of the institution. For a ])eriod of twenty-three years. or from 189,^ to 1916, he was identified with mercantile jiursuits at Brook Park, I'ine county, and in thi' latter year moved to \'irginia. where he lias since been living, ;i prominent factor in the commercial life of the city.

(^)n March 20, 18/6, Mr. Kelsey was united in marriage to Miss Mary 1). Taft, a relative of former President Taft, and to this marriage fi\T children were born, namely: Cecil B. ; Grace, who died in 1<^17, being then twenty-seven years old ; Harold C. ; Retta, who became Mrs. Fdward Sliaske ; and Paul 'i\aft. Paul T. Kelsev enlisted in the United States

Mr. Kelsey has been a very ardent RepubHcan all of his life, and is especially active in the cause of prohibition. He has never been a seeker after office, preferring to devote his time to the development of his commercial undertakings. He is an earnest member of the Presbyterian Church, and in this connection is chairman of the committee of local mission work. He is a member of the Masonic Order, in the affairs of which he takes a warm interest. Notwithstanding the comparatively brief period of his residence in Virginia, Mr. Kelsey has from the beginning proved himself an excellent citizen who has the friendship and esteem of all who know him.

Otto Swanstrom. Twenty years ago Otto Swanstrom was putting in busy days between anvil and forge and performing all the work of a blacksmith in a shop at Duluth. Today he is president and active head of a half million dollar corporation, known as the Diamond Calk and Horseshoe Company, founded and developed primarily to manufacture some special articles invented by Mr. Swanstrom as a result of his experience as a blacksmith and horseshoer, but now expanded into a large factory and industry manufacturing a varied line of machinery and drop forge products.

Mr. Swanstrom was born in Sweden July 11, 1874, and acquired his early education in the common schools of his native land, later attending night school after coming to America. He came to this country in 1889, at the age of fifteen, accompanying his brother, Nels Swanstrom. His brother soon located in Duluth, where he learned and followed the harnessmaking trade.

Mr. Swanstrom continued blacksmithing until 1900, when he began the manufacture of horseshoes and horseshoe calks, according to special designs perfected by himself. For this manufacture he incorporated the Giant Grip Horse Shoe Company of Duluth. He served as president of the corporation until 1906. his factory baring in the meantime, in 1903, been removed from Duluth to Little Falls, Minnesota. After selling his interests in the Giant Grip Horse Shoe Companv in 1906 Mr. Swanstrom engaged in a new enterprise, for the manufacture of his invented and patented horseshoes and calks, and in 1908 incorporated the Diamond Calk Horseshoe Company, now known as the Diamond Calk and Horseshoe Company. Associated with him in the organization were E. C. Peterson, who became vice president, and Al De Vohn, secretary and treasurer, Mr. Swanstrom being president. The business was incorporated for ten thousand dollars, and the first factory was at 501 Lake Avenue. South. The men at the head of the business were practical, had a special purpose and knew what they were going to do. and were not concerned so much about activities and operations that would constitute a big display. In fact, they started business as small as it was possible to begin, and the first year onlv two men were employed. Then, in 1910. they built a new factory at 4630 West Third street, a one-story building equipped with modern machinery. Since then from year to year there has been almost a continuous record of expansion and growth. Now the Diamond Calk and Horseshoe Company employs about one hundred fifty people, has a pay roll of nearly two hundred thousand dollars a vear. and the business is incorporated for five hundred thousand dollars. The factory is on ground covering a little more than a square city block. Besides the Diamond calks and horseshoes the company has added other lines of manufacture, including drop-forged railroad supplies, a full line of

Duluth And St. Louis County 787

Of this prosperous and promising Duluth industry Mr. Swanstrom is still president ; L. T. Peterson is vice president, Al De Vohn, secretary and treasurer; E. C. Peterson is second vice president and Frank Swanstrom, third vice president. Mr. Swanstrom is a member of the Lutheran Church and a Republican voter.

June 24, 1899, he married Miss Sarah Amelia Lindberg. She was born in Minnesota of Swedish parentage, who came to America as children. She was educated in the public schools of Duluth. They have two children, a daughter, Gladys Irene Swanstrom, born July 24, 1900, and a son, Arthur Raymond Swanstrom, born August 2, 1901. Both children are now students in the Duluth High School.

Andrew Bergquist. A highly respected citizen of Duluth who, although an American by adoption only, has had the interests of this community at heart for many years is Andrew Bergquist, a man who has won success in life because he has been persistent and never permitted obstacles to thwart him in a course when once he knew he was right. He came here practically without capital, but by earnest efiforts, honest work and good management has during the subsequent years forged ahead and is now numbered among the leading contractors and builders in his community.

Andrew Bergquist is a Scandinavian by nativity, having been born in Sweden on the 14th day of September, 1862. He was reared to manhood in his native land and received his education in the schools of his home locality. In 1887, when twenty-five years of age, he came to the United States and located at once in Duluth, where he obtained employment at the carpenter trade, the vocation which he had followed in his native land. After working at his trade as an employe for about four and a half years he. in 1891, began contracting on his own account. In the following years he took in his brother, Louis M. Bergquist. as a partner, and the same firm, under the name of Bergquist Brother, is still in active and successful operation after an eminently prosperous career. They have constructed many of the most important business blocks and finest residences and apartment houses in Duluth, among which was the Commercial Club Building, and through all these years they have enjoyed a most excellent reputation in business and commercial circles because of the high character of their work and the splendid business methods which they have ever followed. Their office is located in the Exchange Bank Building.

On December 28. 1892, Mr. Bergquist was married to Selma M. Person, of Duluth, and to them have been born four children, namely : Melvin D., Harold A.. Milton N. (deceased), and Laura S. Mr. and Mrs. Bergquist are members of the Baptist Church, to which they give generous .support, and polticially Mr. Bergquist is affiliated with the Republican partv. By a straightforward and commendable course he has made his way from a somewhat humble beginning to a respectable position in the business world, winning the hearty admiration of the jieople of his adopted city and earning a reputation as an enterprising, progressive man of affairs and a broad-minded and ujiright citizen which the public has not been slow to recognize and a|)preciate.

JoTTX H. MrlxM.s. a well-known citizen of \''irginia. assistant general sunerintendent of tlie Interstate Tron Cnmr>an\-. i>; a native of the state of Michigan, boni at Ishpeming. May 11. 188.>. His parents, Neil and Marcella (Alacdonald) Mclnnis, were brought up in Nova Scotia in the Dominion of Canada, and were of Scottish Highland ancestry. They were married in Nova Scotia, where Neil Mclnnis was employed in his father's flouring mill and mercantile establishment. The family crossed the border in the '60s, locating first at Boston, later moved to Chicago, and went then to Lshpeming, Michigan, where the father carried out railroad contract work in the Upper Peninsula, and was engaged in iron mining.

In 1884 Neil Mclnnis and his family moved to Tower, Minnesota, and established a general store. In 1892 he moved on to Eveleth, and was connected with the early explorations on the East Mesaba, where he died in 1916. His widow still survives. These worthy people had all the sturdy characteristics of their Scottish ancestry and reared their family to the habits of thrift and prudence.

John H. IVIcInnis is one of three living children born to his parents. He lived at Tower, Minnesota, until he was fourteen years old. and there attended the public schools. Later he went to school at St. Cloud and at Duluth and Minneapolis. From early boyhood he has been connected with iron ore mining, and has worked in all the various departments incidental to iron ore mining, gradually and by merit reaching the position he now occupies. Since 1905 he has been connected with the Interstate Iron Company, and since January 1. 1917. he has been assistant general superintendent for the companv at Virginia, enjoying alike the confidence of the employers and the em])loyes. His training and continued experience along the line of iron ore mining were the chief factors responsible for his attaining his present position.

In 1912 Mr. Mclnnis was united in marriage to Miss Koyla Ketcliam, and they have become the parents of five children : Marceli. John H., Jr., George Neil. Jane Koyla and Donald Alan.

William J. Sciiulze. Among the well-known figures of the Range country of St. Louis county, one who has 1)een variously identified with the mining interests of this locality for a score or more of years is William J. Schulze, now connected with the estate of the late W. H. Yawkey at Virginia. Mr. Schulze is an experienced mining man and one who in his career has made the most of his opportunities and has worked himself thereby to substantial success. He was born at Decorah. Iowa, December 29. 1875. a son of Henry Schulze.

Henry Schulze was born in Germany and became the founder of his branch of the family in the United States, to which country he came as a young man of abovit tw^enty years. After being variously employed he established himself in the contracting business at Decorah, Iowa, where he rounded out a long, useful and honorable career, and where his death occurred. He was highly thought of in his community, and his business standing was that of a man of upright character and absolute integrity. Mr. Schulze. the elder, married Miss Mary Rastetter. a native of this country but of German parentage, and they became the parents of five children, of whom William J. was the second born.

William J. Schulze was reared at Decorah, Iowa, where he received his primary educational training in the public schools and subsequently attended the Iowa State University at Iowa City, from which he was duly graduated with the class of 1900. receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. When he embarked upon his career he drifted into northern Minnesota, w'here he secured a position as chemist with the Oliver Iron Mining Company at Mount Iron. He later entered the operating department of the Mount Iron Mine, but in 1902 left that position to open up the Stephens Mine for the Oliver Company and was made superintendent of that property. Mr. Schulze was married in 1905, and in the same year became general manager of the Tesora Mining Company, with headquarters at Virginia. In 1906 he accepted an offer from W. H. Yawkey and was put in charge of Mr. Yawkey's mining operations. He continued his association with that gentleman until the latter's death, March 5, 1918, since which time he has been retained in the same capacity by the estate.

IMr. Schulze has been interested for a long time in civic afifairs at Virginia and has rendered valuable service in public capacities, having been a member of the Virginia i'ark Board for seven years and a supporter of all movements making for progress and civic betterment. He is prominent in Masonry, being a member of both the York and Scottish Rites and holds membership in the Mystic Shrine, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Kiwanis Club.

In 1905 Mr. Schulze was united in marriage with Miss Clara E. Fay. and to this union there have been born three children : Fay William, Ralph Henry and Sally Virginia, all of whom are attending school.

Henry M. Bradley with several of his sons had an important part in the historical development of the business and industry of Duluth and this section of the middle northwest. He was a pioneer lumberman both in northern Michigan and northern Minnesota. Successful in business, his career was one of strictest integrity and honor, and his death a few years ago marked the passing of one of the notable figures in Duluth history.

He was a native of Massachusetts, but as a youth accompanied his parents to Licking county, Ohio, where he became the owner of a small saw mill. Shortly after his marriage to Mary E. Cook he moved to Bay City, Michigan. There he built and operated one of the first saw mills and was a pioneer in making Bay City a center of lumber manufacture, a reputation it still bears. He gave up his lumber business at Bay City in 1879, though he kept his home there for several years. In 1880 Mr. Bradley came to Duluth and for two years was engaged in locating vacant Government timber and mineral lands under the old cash entry laws. Soon after January 1. 1882, the Bradley-llanford Lumber Company was formed at Duluth. its members being Henry M. Bradley. Heber H. Hanford. and Alva \V. and Edward L. Piradley, the latter being sons of Henry M. Bradley. Alva W. Bradley had come to Duluth in March. 1882, while Edward L. followed him in April of the same year, and both brought their families with them. I U'liry M. Bradley retired from the firm about 1885 and Edward L. al)out 1887, but the business was oontiiuu'd for several years by the other two members.

Henry M. Bradley was a resident of Duluth for about thirty years. He was prominently identified with the Methodist I'^])isci>pal Church, served for several years as ])resident of the I'.oard of I'lducation. and gave his time and means generously to tlu' ])ronioti()n of Duluth's progress. He was a fee owner in two of tin- iron ore mines at Ely. The death of this honored business man occurred March 21. 1018. He survived his wife several years. Of their eight children two died in infancy. One daughter. May. is Mrs. C.irl Xorpell. of Newark. Ohio, and a son. Frank, died about 1880. All the others came to Duluth: Alva \V.. Charles IL. Edward L.. and Mice A., now deceased, who was the widow of (lardis 1). Edwards.

Leonard Young. A service of more than ten years as principal of the Duluth Central High School has placed the entire community of Duluth in a relation of obligation to Leonard Young, who is one of the city's most esteemed citizens and whose career for over twenty years has been an earnest devotion to education.

He was born March 8, 1871, in Wabash county, Indiana, son of John D. and Christiana (Stacey) Young. His parents were natives of Clark county, Indiana. His father throughout a long and active career followed farming, and is still living in Wabash county at the age of seventy-six.

The oldest of three children, all living, Leonard Young spent most of the years of his early life in the Wabash Valley, attending common and township high schools in Wabash county, for two years was a student in the Indiana State Normal School at Terre Haute, and in 1898 graduated from the Indiana State University.

His career as an educator began immediately after he left the university and has been uninterrupted since then. During 1898-99 he was teacher of science in the high school at Wichita, Kansas. Returning to his native state, he was science teacher in the Evansville High School from 1899 to 1907 and from 1907 to 1910 was principal of the Evansville High School. From Indiana he was called to his work as principal of Duluth Central High School in 1910.

Mr. Young is affiliated with Ionic Lodge, F. and A. M., and has attained thirty-two degrees of the Scottish Rite. He is a member of the First Presbyterian Church, the Kiwanis Club and Duluth Curling Club.